Opponent: Pine Crest GJ | Judge: Jake Ziering, Andre Washington, Brock Hanson
1ac anthro 1nc wilderson 2nr wilderson
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Cites
Entry
Date
0 - contact information and guide
Tournament: Contact Information | Round: 1 | Opponent: - | Judge: - Andrew - andrewjayhayes@gmail.com Kristof - kristof.weakley@gmail.com
Feel free to e-mail us about any questions Round report section contains the information about which aff we read Cites contain only evidence specific to the position indicated - not necessarily the only evidence read. Open source has the 2ac doc as saved on my computer - I apologize if they're messy The following open source docs contain 1acs as well: Fullerton round 1 Fullerton round 3 Fullerton Semis Notre Dame round 1 La Costa round 6 Stanford Octas Berkeley round 6
4/5/14
0 - letter
Tournament: toc | Round: Quads | Opponent: - | Judge: - To those interested
The letter we submitted to the Tournament of Champions at-large committee can be found in the open source section.
Upon review of our application the tournament was unable to afford us a slot at the competition and placed our entry behind 15 other teams on the wait-list.
The tournament practices awarding at-large spots based on merit.
4/4/14
1ac anthropocentrism
Tournament: Stanford | Round: Octas | Opponent: Pine Crest GJ | Judge: Jake Ziering, Andre Washington, Brock Hanson Contention One is Ecology
Current Mexican environmental regulations are insufficient to combat environmental pollution – instead they incentivize toxic waste dumping into the surrounding environment NLM, 13 – National Library of Medicine (“Maquiladora” June 10 2013, http://toxtown.nlm.nih.gov/text_version/locations.php?id=35Maquiladoras)ah Maquiladoras are foreign-owned factories located in Mexico that are typically found along the AND typically incurred only for imminent dangers and failures to address previously highlighted violations.
Specifically this devastates the Tijuana River region Good 5 David Good. Dave Good is an award-winning journalist and author for the San Diego Reader. “Showdown on the Rio Alamar.”http:www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2012/sep/05/cover-showdown-rio-alamar/?page=2and Before NAFTA,” (the North American Free Trade Agreement of 1994) says Mendez AND felt like I was watching the death of a river before my eyes.”
The river is important ecologically NERR 10 (“Tijuana River Comprehensive Management Plan- National Estuarine Research Reserve”. National Estuarine Research Reserve. August 2010. http://www.nerrs.noaa.gov/Doc/PDF/Reserve/TJR_ MgmtPlan.pdf) The Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve (TRNERR) is unique in a local AND current efforts to preserve, ¶ conserve, and restore these fragile systems.
This modern paradigm of ecological destruction underlies a systematic understanding of ecology Castello and Toledo, 2k (Alicia Castello and Victor M Toledo; "Applying ecology in the Third World: the case of Mexico." BioScience 50.1 (2000): 66-76; google scholar) Ecologists and policymakers alike generally agree that ecological knowledge should be considered in setting environmental AND social and economic poverty and high rates of environmental depletion (UNEP 1997).
This ongoing process is critical – it affects global understandings of ecology Hovden 99 (Eivind Hovden; Senior Research Fellow at the Fridtjof Nansen Institute, Norway; 1999; “As if nature doesn't matter: Ecology, regime theory and¶ international relations”; Environmental Politics, 8:2, 50-74; KDUB) It is worth emphasising that the argument presented below is not merely¶ of significance AND well worth considering the relationship between IR theory and¶ the environmental crisis.
This engenders anthropocentrism Taciano L. Milfont prof at univ of Auckland Preservation and Utilization: Understanding the Structure of Environmental Attitudes1 Medio Ambiente y Comportamiento Humano 2006, 7(1), 29-50. EA = environmental attitudes Bogner and his colleagues (Bogner, Brengelmann, and Wiseman AND principles that would be expressed in two correlated higher-order environmental value dimensions
Anthropocentric dualism creates unending violence underscores all other modes of oppression Kochi, 2009 (Tarik, Sussex law school, Species war: Law, Violence and Animals, Law Culture and Humanities Oct 5.3) This reflection need not be seen as carried out by every individual on a daily AND The critic of war is thus a critic of war’s norm-alization.
ANTHROPOCENTRISM GUARANTEES VIOLENCE—HUMANISM IS THE ORIGINAL HIERARCHY—WE NEED POLITICS THAT CAN RESPECT MORE THAN HUMAN LIFE. OTHER POLITICS DOOMS US TO A FUTURE THAT ENDLESSLY REPEATS THE OPPRESSION OF THE STATUS QUO. Best 2007 (Steven – Chair of Philosophy @ University of Texas – El Paso, Review of Charles Patterson’s “The Eternal Treblinka: Our Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust”, Journal for Critical Animal Studies, http://www.drstevebest.org/EternalTriblenka.pdf)MD While a welcome advance over the anthropocentric conceit AND Judaic moral baggage official Christianity left behind.¶
Only in challenging this ideology can we reclaim meaning Becker 73 (Earnest, The Denial of Death, pg 151-152, Ph.D ins Cultural Anthropology, was a professor the University of California at Berkely, San Franciso State College, and Simon Fraser University, and founder of The Ernest Becker Foundation; Kristof) But on top of this special burden nature has arranged that it is impossible for AND erected outside one’s own ego is one able to live at all.”55
Contention two is our response
In response to the resolution Andrew and I affirm THE THOUGHT EXPERIMENT OF THE VOLUNTARY GLOBAL SUICIDE OF HUMANITY – THAT SOLVES Kochi and Ordan 08 – (Dec. 2008, Tarik Kochi, PhD, Lecturer in Law and International Security, University of Sussex, Noam Ordan, linguist and translator, conducts research in Translation Studies at Bar Ilan University, research focus on human cultural history, “An argument for the global suicide of humanity,” Borderlands, http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol7no3_2008/kochiordan_argument.pdf) For some, guided by the pressure of moral conscience AND no matter how hard we try to forget, suppress or repress it.
Our ecological approach to this discussion is key to REVEAL and RESIST the normalization of ecological devastation Orihuela and Hageman 11 - *Sharada Balachandran Ph.D. candidate at the University of California at Davis, Andrew Carl is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of California, (“The Virtual Realities of US/Mexico” Border Ecologies in Maquilapolis and Sleep Dealer” Environmental Communication Vol. 5, No. 2, June 2011, pp. 166; kdub) Much of the scholarship on films representing the US/Mexico border analyzes the space AND natural resources,’’ including human beings, to be exploited and abandoned.
The role of the ballot is to establish a relationship to Mexico’s ecosystem Castello and Toledo 2k (Alicia Castello and Victor M Toledo; "Applying ecology in the Third World: the case of Mexico." BioScience 50.1 (2000): 66-76; google scholar; KDUB) The establishment of efficient communication between research institutions and the sectors directly involved in the AND must keep reacting and responding to the urgent calls from the world's reality.
? Furthermore, investigating anthropocentric assumptions is critical to formulate a productive pedagogy Bell and Russell 2K (Anne C. by graduate students in the Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University and Constance L. a graduate student at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Beyond Human, Beyond Words: Anthropocentrism, Critical Pedagogy, and the Poststructuralist Turn, http://www.csse-scee.ca/CJE/Articles/FullText/CJE25-3/CJE25-3-bell.pdf)//RSW So far, however, such queries in critical pedagogy have been limited by their AND even the most committed of humanists to pause for a moment at least. ?
Catastrophe is a political device used to silence and oppress Bryant 11 (Levi, Prof of Philosophy at Collins College, july 26, The Scandal of Political Realism, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2011/07/26/the-scandal-of-political-realism/) It’s no wonder that realism has such a bad name. It has perpetually AND possibility of different distributions of the social than those that currently reign. ¶
Any praxis that disregards anthropocentrism is doomed to failure LEE, ‘06 (Wendy Lynne, “On Ecology and Aesthetic Experience: A Feminist Theory of Value and Praxis”, Ethics and the Environment 11.1 (2006) 21-41, accessed through Project MUSE, September 19, 2011, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/ethics_and_the_environment/v011/11.1lee.html) In light of what we now know about the intimacy of the relationships between human AND terms of human welfare is clearly vanquished in the recognition that an emancipation whose
Only our approach to the topic is good – all other approaches beg the question of anthropocentrism Schlosberg 13 (David Schlosberg; Environmental Politics Volume 22, Issue 1, 2013 Special Issue: Coming of Age? Environmental Politics at 21; “Theorising environmental justice: the expanding sphere of a discourse”; pages 37-55; KDUB) Horizontal and vertical expansion If there has been a single major development AND environmental justice analysis continues to expand in scope and scale.
4/6/14
1ac ecopragmatism
Tournament: Fullerton | Round: Semis | Opponent: Marquette | Judge: Stephen Goldberg, Sean Fitzhenry, Richard Mancuso Contention One is Ecology Current Mexican environmental regulations are insufficient to combat environmental pollution – instead they incentivize toxic waste dumping into the surrounding environment NLM, 13 – National Library of Medicine (“Maquiladora” June 10 2013, http://toxtown.nlm.nih.gov/text_version/locations.php?id=35Maquiladoras)ah Maquiladoras are foreign-owned factories located in Mexico that are typically found along the AND typically incurred only for imminent dangers and failures to address previously highlighted violations.
Specifically this devastates the Tijuana River region Good 5 David Good. Dave Good is an award-winning journalist and author for the San Diego Reader. “Showdown on the Rio Alamar.”http:www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2012/sep/05/cover-showdown-rio-alamar/?page=2and Before NAFTA,” (the North American Free Trade Agreement of 1994) says Mendez AND felt like I was watching the death of a river before my eyes.”
The river is important ecologically NERR 10 (“Tijuana River Comprehensive Management Plan- National Estuarine Research Reserve”. National Estuarine Research Reserve. August 2010. http://www.nerrs.noaa.gov/Doc/PDF/Reserve/TJR_ MgmtPlan.pdf) The Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve (TRNERR) is unique in a local AND current efforts to preserve, ¶ conserve, and restore these fragile systems.
This modern paradigm of ecological destruction underlies a systematic understanding of ecology Castello and Toledo, 2k (Alicia Castello and Victor M Toledo; "Applying ecology in the Third World: the case of Mexico." BioScience 50.1 (2000): 66-76; google scholar) Ecologists and policymakers alike generally agree that ecological knowledge should be considered in setting environmental AND social and economic poverty and high rates of environmental depletion (UNEP 1997).
This ongoing process is critical – it affects global understandings of ecology Hovden 99 (Eivind Hovden; Senior Research Fellow at the Fridtjof Nansen Institute, Norway; 1999; “As if nature doesn't matter: Ecology, regime theory and¶ international relations”; Environmental Politics, 8:2, 50-74; KDUB) It is worth emphasising that the argument presented below is not merely¶ of significance AND well worth considering the relationship between IR theory and¶ the environmental crisis.
This engenders anthropocentrism Taciano L. Milfont prof at univ of Auckland Preservation and Utilization: Understanding the Structure of Environmental Attitudes1 Medio Ambiente y Comportamiento Humano 2006, 7(1), 29-50. EA = environmental attitudes Bogner and his colleagues (Bogner, Brengelmann, and Wiseman AND principles that would be expressed in two correlated higher-order environmental value dimensions
Anthropocentric dualism creates unending violence underscores all other modes of oppression Kochi, 2009 (Tarik, Sussex law school, Species war: Law, Violence and Animals, Law Culture and Humanities Oct 5.3) This reflection need not be seen as carried out by every individual on a daily AND The critic of war is thus a critic of war’s norm-alization.
Only in challenging this ideology can we reclaim meaning Becker 73 (Earnest, The Denial of Death, pg 151-152, Ph.D ins Cultural Anthropology, was a professor the University of California at Berkely, San Franciso State College, and Simon Fraser University, and founder of The Ernest Becker Foundation; Kristof) But on top of this special burden nature has arranged that it is impossible for AND erected outside one’s own ego is one able to live at all.”55
Advocacy Thus in the face of this ongoing ecological destruction Kristof and I advocate that the United States federal government provide Mexico with assistance for environmental programs
Contention Two is Solvency The lack of assistance for environmental protection impairs effective environmental protection in Mexico – plan solves USMBC 9 (“New Horizons in United States-Mexico Relations” A report by the U.S.-Mexico Binational Council, University of Texas at Austin Staff, CSIS Mexico Project Staff, Centro de Investigacion para el Desarrollo Staff, Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico Staff) Funding Governmental Capacity to Protect the Environment The implementation of NAFTA and its environmental side AND nonprofit organizations that are aimed at solving environmental problems in the border region.
Our ecological approach to this discussion is key to REVEAL and RESIST the normalization of ecological devastation Orihuela and Hageman 11 - *Sharada Balachandran Ph.D. candidate at the University of California at Davis, Andrew Carl is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of California, (“The Virtual Realities of US/Mexico” Border Ecologies in Maquilapolis and Sleep Dealer” Environmental Communication Vol. 5, No. 2, June 2011, pp. 166; kdub) Much of the scholarship on films representing the US/Mexico border analyzes the space AND natural resources,’’ including human beings, to be exploited and abandoned.
This is key to unlock a broader worldview which politicizes and challenges the dominant notions environmental policy – only by disrupting the current paradigm of ecological management can we truly embrace a pragmatic approach necessary for sustainability and value Reitan, 98 – PhD, Philosophy Professor at Oklahoma State University, an award-winning scholar and writer, peer reviewed (Eric, “Pragmatism, Environmental World Views, and Sustainability”, Electric Green Journal, UCLA Library, 1;9, Article 11)ahayes Over the last several years, there has been an emerging discussion among environmental philosophers AND get in the way of making the practical changes that are so pressing.
The role of the ballot is to establish a relationship to Mexico’s ecosystem Castello and Toledo 2k (Alicia Castello and Victor M Toledo; "Applying ecology in the Third World: the case of Mexico." BioScience 50.1 (2000): 66-76; google scholar; KDUB) The establishment of efficient communication between research institutions and the sectors directly involved in the AND must keep reacting and responding to the urgent calls from the world's reality.
? Furthermore, investigating anthropocentric assumptions is critical to formulate a productive pedagogy Bell and Russell 2K (Anne C. by graduate students in the Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University and Constance L. a graduate student at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Beyond Human, Beyond Words: Anthropocentrism, Critical Pedagogy, and the Poststructuralist Turn, http://www.csse-scee.ca/CJE/Articles/FullText/CJE25-3/CJE25-3-bell.pdf)//RSW So far, however, such queries in critical pedagogy have been limited by their AND even the most committed of humanists to pause for a moment at least.
Even the incremental can inform our political decisions Hirokawa 2 Keith Hirokawa, J.D. from the University of Connecticut and LL.M. from the Northwestern School of Law, 2002 (“Some Pragmatic Observations About Radical Critique In Environmental Law,” Stanford Environmental Law Journal, Volume 21, June, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis) Changes in each instance create entirely new contexts in which more (or less) AND pre-existed current environmental law and the alternative paradigms of environmental protection.
Focusing on alternative causes and mechanisms results in political deadlock and ecological destruction Lichatowich 1 (James, Masters in Fishery Science from Oregon State University, former Marine, Assistant Chief of Fisheries, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Board Member of the Independent Scientific Advisory Board (ISAB), “Salmon Without Rivers: A History Of The Pacific Salmon Crisis”, pp 1-7, google books; Tara) Solving the salmon’s problem has proven difficult because their extensive migrations create an ideal situation AND without salmon retain its appeal as a high-quality environment for people?
Catastrophe is a political device used to silence and oppress Bryant 11 (Levi, Prof of Philosophy at Collins College, july 26, The Scandal of Political Realism, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2011/07/26/the-scandal-of-political-realism/) It’s no wonder that realism has such a bad name. It has perpetually AND possibility of different distributions of the social than those that currently reign. ¶
Any praxis that disregards anthropocentrism is doomed to failure LEE, ‘06 (Wendy Lynne, “On Ecology and Aesthetic Experience: A Feminist Theory of Value and Praxis”, Ethics and the Environment 11.1 (2006) 21-41, accessed through Project MUSE, September 19, 2011, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/ethics_and_the_environment/v011/11.1lee.html) In light of what we now know about the intimacy of the relationships between human AND terms of human welfare is clearly vanquished in the recognition that an emancipation whose
4/5/14
1ac human trafficking
Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 1 | Opponent: Loyola GN | Judge: Steven Sander Contention One is Disposability Currently, untold numbers of Mexican men, women, and children are being unfairly imprisoned by human traffickers along the border—a bilateral partnership is critical Garza, 11 (Rocio, Candidate for Juris Doctor, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, May 2011; A.B. (2005) Harvard University, CARDOZO J. OF INT’L and COMP. LAW, March, www.cjicl.com/uploads/2/9/5/9/2959791/cjicl_19.2_garza_note.pdf?)
On any given day, a Mexican woman will be promised a good paying job AND human trafficking must take into consideration both countries’ interests through a bilateral partnership. Mexican sex trafficking has consigned almost 70,000 minors to living hell—the problem is spreading Alis and Romo, 5/17 (Krupskaia Alis and Rafael Romo, CNN, 5/17/13, “Mexican sex traffickers moving into U.S.”, http://thecnnfreedomproject.blogs.cnn.com/2013/05/17/mexican-sex-traffickers-moving-into-u-s)//EM
Joanna moves her hands nervously as she speaks. Her oversized, golden earrings rattle AND going to feel better," she says. "They destroyed my life." ?
Mexico is a large source, transit, and destination country for men, women AND be relatively weak, and official complicity continued to be a serious problem.
¶ Five years ago, I became the UN's first special rapporteur on contemporary forms AND individuals, companies and governments accountable. Complacency is no longer an option.
Trafficking operates through a dominant conception of Otherness that sees victims as unimportant, which perpetuates exploitation. Only through rejecting this understanding can we open up space for effective politics that combat this violence Todres 9 – Professor of Law at Georgia State University (Jonathan, “Law, Otherness, and Human Trafficking”, July 2009, Accessed via Project MUSE)SG
The recent surge in interest in ending human trafficking has led even Hollywood to take AND in fostering or tolerating the conditions under which the Other can be exploited. ? Human trafficking is a cultural expression that sees bodies as expendable. This is new age slavery that not only attempts to profit off of the body, but also break it down, which is the worst form of dehumanization. This must be rejected Truong, 1 – PhD in International Studios, Associate Professor at the International Institute of Social Studies, (Thahn-Dam, “Human Trafficking and Organised Crime”, July 2001, http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/19084/wp339.pdf, pgs. 13-14)SG
Domination through the new forms of cultural expression of desire, be it in sex AND the modes of cognition and re-cognition of what constitutes humanity today. ? Dehumanization makes every impact inevitable—it is the equivalent of nuclear war, environmental collapse, and genocide Berube, 97 – professor of speech communication, (David, Nanotechnology Magazine, June/July 1997, http://www.cla.sc.edu/ENGL/faculty/berube/prolong.htm)
Assuming we are able to predict who or what are optimized humans, this entire AND inevitable for every epoch has evil and dehumanization is evil's most powerful weapon.
The politics of disposability leaves entire populations open to eradication – this ignorance of human dignity has become politicized, and will ultimately be the death of politics Giroux 10 – Professor of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previous professors at BU, Miami U, and Penn State (Henry, “Memories of Hope in the Age of Disposability”, published 9/28/2010, http://archive.truthout.org/memories-hope-age-disposability63631)SG
The new culture of cruelty combines with the arrogance of the rich as morally bankrupt AND march aimed at destroying every public sphere essential to a vibrant democratic state.
Structural violence outweighs all of your magnitude claims Hintjens 7 – Lecturer in the Centre for Development Studies, University of Wales, (Helen, “MDF Understanding Development Better”)
From Johan Galtung, famous Norwegian peace ‘guru’, still alive and heads up AND violence…is neither natural nor inevitable”, p. 301 (Prontzos). Plan
The United States federal government should substantially increase its bilateral assistance for human trafficking response towards Mexico.
Contention two is solvency
Affirmation of political hope is necessary to reinvigorate democracy. Democracy is militarized in the status quo, parallel with disposability. To educate and advocate for hope is to evoke the political power of resistance. Giroux ‘10 – Professor of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previous professors at BU, Miami U, and Penn State (Henry, “Memories of Hope in the Age of Disposability”, published 9/28/2010, accessed online 7/2, http://archive.truthout.org/memories-hope-age-disposability63631)//BZ
The working-class neighborhood of my youth never gave up on democracy as an AND young people waiting for adults to prove the courage of their democratic convictions.
A US-Mexico bilateral partnership increases prevention initiatives in addition to number of prosecutions – allows for information sharing and expedited investigations Garza 11 Candidate for Juris Doctor, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, AB from Harvard (Rocio, 11/1/11, "Addressing Human Trafficking Along the United States-Mexico Border: The Need for a Bilateral Partnership," http://www.cjicl.com/uploads/2/9/5/9/2959791/cjicl_19.2_garza_note.pdf)//AM
Victims on both sides of the United States-Mexico border ¶ would greatly benefit AND their citizens about the dangers and criminal consequences of engaging in human trafficking.
As the United States continues to grapple with human trafficking AND ¶ immigration relief. ? Only engaging trafficking through a discursive lens can effectively transform the social conditions that create the possibility for violence Lobasz ’12 (Jennifer, Professor of International Relations at the University of Minnesota, “Victims, Villains, and the Virtuous Constructing the Problems of ‘Human Trafficking’”, June 2012, http://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/131822/1/Lobasz_umn_0130E_12756.pdf, pgs. 80-82, SG)
In this dissertation, I carry out a genealogical discourse analysis. Genealogy in the AND key texts and basic discourses began to reappear without major changes or additions. ? A crisis focused ethic is wrong – attention to isolated instances of warfare ignores the daily horrors of structural violence. This is the precondition for any war to happen Cuomo 96 – PhD, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Philosophy, University of Cincinnati (Chris, Hypatia Fall 1996. Vol. 11, Issue 3, pg 30)
In "Gender and `Postmodern' War," Robin Schott introduces some of the ways AND the face of what appears to be the inevitability of war and militarism.
The editors may regret that short shelf-life some years, but surely not AND mindless competition: simple extrapolation algorithms that automatically predicted more of the same.
No war – international institutions and societal shifts Contreras, 12 – Fellow, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University (Dominic, citing Steven Pinker, Harvard College Professor and Johnstone Family Professor in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University, citing Joshua A. Goldstein, Professor Emeritus, School of International Service, American University, February 1, 2012, “Winning the War on War?”, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/21707/winning_the_war_on_war.html?breadcrumb=2Fproject2F522Fintrastate_conflict_program, Hensel)
In a jointly authored December 2011 op-ed in the New York Times, AND , but according to Pinker, “you can’t miss the trend line.”
Utilitarian problem solving and consequentialist ethics justify mass atrocity and turns its own end Weizman 11 (Eyal Weizman, professor of visual and spatial cultures at Goldsmiths, University of London, 2011, “The Least of All Possible Evils: Humanitarian Violence from Arendt to Gaza,” pp 8-10) The theological origins of the lesser evil argument cast a long shadow on the present AND so. The demand of his ethics are grounded in this impossibility.17
Nuclear war doesn’t cause extinction – prefer models Seitz 6 - former associate of the John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies at Harvard University’s Center for International Affairs (Russell, “The' Nuclear Winter ' Meltdown Photoshopping the Apocalypse”, http://adamant.typepad.com/seitz/2006/12/preherein_honor.html)//AM All that remains of Sagan's Big Chill are curves such as this , but history AND invoke rare phenomena as commonplace, claiming it prudent to assume the worst.
4/5/14
1ac science
Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 3 | Opponent: SVDP DG | Judge: Forrest Fulgenzi Contention 1 is the Science US commitment to science is in question globally – expanding leadership is critical Science Diplomacy which solves a laundry list of scenarios Federoff, 8 - professor @ Penn State, National Medal of Science Recipient, Master @ Syracuse University, PhD @ Rockefeller University, National Science Board, Science and Technology Adviser to Sec. of State (Nina V., Statement before Congress, "Making Science Diplomacy More Effective", 4-2-11, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-110hhrg41470/html/CHRG-110hhrg41470.htm) Chairman Baird, Ranking Member Ehlers, and distinguished members of the Subcommittee AND our allies, to advance U.S. interests in foreign policy. ? Thats an impact filter The Royal Society, 10 – a Fellowship of more than 1400 outstanding individuals AND bodies to provide science policy briefi ngs for foreign ministry and embassy staff. ? Specifically expanding atmospheric science is critical to solve ozone depletion – the brink is now NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2013 Stratospheric Ozone Layer Depletion and Recovery http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/research/themes/o3/ ajh In each year beginning in the early 1980s the stratospheric ozone layer over Antarctica has AND of the global scientific foundation for understanding the ozone layer and its changes. ? New developments trump recovery – prefer our ev Sharon Begley writer at the Smithsonian mag, cites Jim Anderson an atmospheric science researcher, phd, at Harvard, and Kerry Emanuel, an atmospheric scientist at MIT, "The Ozone Problem is Back – And Worse Than Ever" 2013 The rest of the world may have thought the ozone problem had been solved, AND , it could be made much worse than we thought by climate change." Independently that results in extinction FES, 9 "The Ozone Layer", 2-17-09, http://festiveearth.com/index27739.pdf?option=com_content26do_pdf=126id=96~~ The ozone layer is essential for human life. It is able to absorb much AND ozone layer essentially allows life, as we know it, to exist. ? Specifically it kills phytoplankton Charles Welch Ozone Hole Consequence, cites, Dr Patrick Neale, of the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center , researcher at Ozone Hole Inc, received an award from UN environmental protection division, pretty cool 2013http:www.theozonehole.com/consequences.htm-http://www.theozonehole.com/consequences.htmajh The Southern Ocean is one of the world’s most productive AND skin cancer rates for temperate latitudes by the year 2050. Extinction Magda Fahsi Ph.D., Mint Press Europe correspondent and investigative reporter, cites Chris Bowler, PhD, director of research at the National Centre for Scientific Research January 3, 2013 "The Fabulous History Of Plankton And Why Our Survival Depends On It"http://www.mintpressnews.com/the-fabulous-history-of-plankton-and-why-our-survival-depends-on-it/44732/-http://www.mintpressnews.com/the-fabulous-history-of-plankton-and-why-our-survival-depends-on-it/44732/ ajh Take a drop of ocean water. Just a simple drop of water, you AND is why the work done by the Tara Oceans expedition is so important. ? Contention 2 is Biotech Tropical diseases are emerging now – lack of studies make them uniquely dangerous TECD Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Leadership ProgramWhat are "Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases 2013http:www.tecd.prj.nagasaki-u.ac.jp/en/program/background.html Tropical region infectious diseases have now become a problem for all humanity because of rapid AND prevent the rapid spread of infections, because pathogens propagate regardless of borders. ? They go global Fabiana Frayssinet. Has been a correspondent since 1989 in Central America, and since 1996 in Brazil, where she served as a contributor for various international media outlets in radio, print and television, including CNN en Español, IPS, UNIVISION, Telefé de Argentina, Radio Suecia and Radio Nederland. 2012 http://www.ipsnews.net/2012/09/scientists-debate-climate-change-impacts-on-tropical-diseases/ More intense rainfall, rising temperatures and climate-driven migration of human and animal AND modified by human activity such as land use and the building of roads. ? The result is extinction Naish 12 (John Naish, writer for Daily Mail, citing John Oxford, professor of virology at Queen Mary’s School of Medicine and Dentistry, Scientific Director of Retroscreen Virology Ltd, considered to be the leading expert on disease and viral outbreaks, 10-14-12, "The Armageddon virus: Why experts fear a disease that leaps from animals to humans could devastate mankind in the next five years," http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2217774/The-Armageddon-virus-Why-experts-fear-disease-leaps-animals-humans-devastate-mankind-years.html-http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2217774/The-Armageddon-virus-Why-experts-fear-disease-leaps-animals-humans-devastate-mankind-years.html) gz When the Health Protection Agency warned the world of this newly- emerging virus last AND needs to win only once and it could be the end of humankind. ? Additionally, Agricultural biotech solves extinction Trewavas 2K – Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology at the University of Edinburgh (Anthony, "GM Is the Best Option We Have," 6/5/2000, www.agbioworld.org/biotech-info/articles/biotech-art/best_option.html)*This evidence is modified to respect Jewish history In 535A.D. a volcano near the present Krakatoa exploded with the force AND principle in recent years; my version of it is "be prepared".
And soil erosions is at a brink Professor John Crawford of the University of Sydney. 2013 What If the World’s Soil Runs Out? Pg. 1 It’s a strange notion, but some experts fear the world, at its current AND by continuing to damage the soil, which is exactly what’s happening now. ? Extinction Leahy 8 (Stephen, Environmental Journalist, Citing Andreas Arnalds, Assistant Director – Soil Conservation Service of Iceland, Ph.D. in Grazing Management and Soil Conservation – Colorado State University, M.Sc. in Rangeland Ecology – Washington State University, B.Sc. in Agricultural Science – Agricultural University of Iceland, "Peak Soil", Earth Island Journal,http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/eij/article/peak_soil/-http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/eij/article/peak_soil/) We are overlooking soil as the foundation of all life on Earth," says Andres AND of Land Care" — to focus the world’s attention on soil stewardship. Contention 3 is Solvency Current restrictions for scientists impair effective engagement Lempinen 12 – AAAS reporter, AAAS is The AAAS Center for Science Diplomacy is guided by the over-arching goal of using science to build bridges between countries and to promote scientific cooperation as an essential element of foreign policy. Since its establishment in 2008, the Center has been particularly interested in identifying opportunities for science diplomacy to serve as a catalyst between societies where official relationships might be limited and to strengthen civil society interactions through partnerships in science and technology. In 2012, the Center launched a new open-access, quarterly publication, Science 26 Diplomacy, as a forum for policy discourse at the nexus of scientific cooperation and foreign policy. (Edward, "Oceans, Weather, Health—U.S. Researchers Explore Potential Collaboration with Cuban Colleagues", May 1, 2012,http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2012/0501cuba.shtml-http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2012/0501cuba.shtml HW) They are next-door neighbors, sharing all the amenities and challenges of the AND be able to contribute to the sustainability of human societies on planet Earth." The plan results in academic exchanges and information sharing – it builds a model for scholarship and information sharing Johnson 12 – CSIS, a senior fellow and director of the Americas Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a Washington, D.C.-based think tank. He has more than 20 years of experience in Western Hemisphere affairs spanning policymaking, policy advocacy, and public affairs in the Department of Defense, the Washington policy community, and the State Department. From 2007 to 2009, Johnson served as deputy assistant secretary of defense for Western Hemisphere affairs, overseeing the development and execution of policies, strategies, and programs governing hemispheric defense and security ties. From 1999 to 2006, Johnson served as a senior foreign policy analyst at the Washington-based Heritage Foundation, testifying before Congress and authoring studies on U.S. policy as well as Latin American politics, trade, development, and security. His commentaries have appeared in the Wall Street Journal, Miami Herald, Business Week, and Diario Las Américas. His broadcast appearances have included CNN en Español, Univisión, Telemundo, C-SPAN, and MSNBC. He is the author of Iran’s Influence in the Americas. (Stephen, "U.S.-Cuba Academic and Science-Based Exchanges", August 2012,http://csis.org/files/publication/120821_Johnson_U.S.-CubaExchanges_Web.pdf-http://csis.org/files/publication/120821_Johnson_U.S.-CubaExchanges_Web.pdf, HW) Since the early days of official U.S. public diplomacy at the outset AND us celebrate our mutual anniversaries by starting a new era of scientific cooperation.
? Its a visible single of leadership - sparks broader diplomatic efforts AAAS 2010 Agre, Pickering: Science Diplomacy a "Critical Tool" in U.S. Foreign Policyhttp://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2010/0212oped_sun.shtml~~ While the United States has made promising steps in science diplomacy, including the recent AND new partnerships and address common challenges, especially with Muslim-majority countries. ? Specifically Cuban science cooperation is key to effective Atmospheric Science Lempinen, 12 – Researcher at the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Public Information Officer at The World Academy of Sciences, cites the best nuclear author person ever Mr. Robock (Edward W., "Oceans, Weather, Health—U.S. Researchers Explore Potential Collaboration with Cuban Colleagues" American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1 May 2012 http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2012/0501cuba.shtml)ahayes Atmospheric research is another area where Cuba and the United States share tangible common interests AND be able to contribute to the sustainability of human societies on planet Earth." ? Current sanctions prevent investment in Cuba’s biotechnology on a global scale Starr July 01, 2013-the codirector of the Center for Science and Medical Journalism and a professor of journalism at Boston University."THE CUBAN BIOTECH REVOLUTION"http://nylatinojournal.com/home/business_economics/med_biotech/the_cuban_biotech_revolution.html-http://nylatinojournal.com/home/business_economics/med_biotech/the_cuban_biotech_revolution.html) Faced with economic calamity, Castro did something remarkable: He poured hundreds of millions AND It’s all cancer therapies, AIDS medications, and vaccines against tropical diseases. ? Cuba has unique agricultural and medical biotechnology – the plan is key to make it available globally Juma and Konde 2 (Juma, Calestous, rofessor of the Practice of International Development and Director of the Science, Technology, and Globalization Project at the Harvard Kennedy School; Konde, Victor, Scientific Affairs Officer with the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa; Environment. Jul/Aug2002, Vol. 44 Issue 6, p22. 14p. 9 Color Photographs; "Industrial Applications for Biotechnology: Opportunities for Developing Countries"; EBSCO; KDUB) Market inclusion through international alliances also is illustrated by Cuban experiences in biotechnology commercialization. AND economic conditions that might divert resource allocation and political commitment to other sectors. ? US-Cuba science cooperation is key to solve all tropical disease – more virulent strains of are emerging NOW Discovery 13 Discovery News, February 11, 2013, "Could Cuba Help U.S. Fight Tropical Diseases?"http://news.discovery.com/human/cuba-help-fight-tropical-diseases-dengue-fever.htm-http://news.discovery.com/human/cuba-help-fight-tropical-diseases-dengue-fever.htm~~ When it comes to issues like the spread of infectious disease, increased collaboration with AND the doctor, you suffer the tyranny of the doctor," he joked. Biotech solves soil erosion and earthworms Fawcett and Towry 02 (Researchers for the CTIC (Conservation Technology Information Center), a non-profit organization dedicated to environmentally responsible and economically viable agricultural decision-making "Conservation Tillage and Plant Biotechnology: How New Technologies Can Improve the Environment By Reducing the Need to Plow", pgs. 1-4,http://www.whybiotech.com/resources/tps/ConservationTillageandPlantBiotechnology.pdf)//KDUB There is a strong association between the use of herbicide-tolerant biotech crops and AND in this report will focus on glyphosate-tolerant varieties developed through biotechnology. No war – international institutions and societal shifts Contreras, 12 – Fellow, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University (Dominic, citing Steven Pinker, Harvard College Professor and Johnstone Family Professor in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University, citing Joshua A. Goldstein, Professor Emeritus, School of International Service, American University, February 1, 2012, "Winning the War on War?", Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University,http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/21707/winning_the_war_on_war.html?breadcrumb=2Fproject2F522Fintrastate_conflict_program, Hensel) In a jointly authored December 2011 op-ed in the New York Times, AND , but according to Pinker, "you can’t miss the trend line." No scenario for escalation — inevitable incentives for conflict minimization Quinlan, 9 - distinguished former British defence strategist, former Permanent Under-Secretary of State at the British Ministry of Defence, Prof. @ Wimbledon College and Merton College, Oxford. Director of the Ditchley Foundation, (Sir Michael, Thinking About Nuclear Weapons: Principles, Problems, Prospects, 2009, Pg. 67-69, Google Books)AH It was occasionally conjectured that nuclear war might be triggered by the real but accidental AND action at short notice should be abandoned. Chapter 13 returns to this. Nuclear war doesn’t cause extinction – prefer models Seitz 6 - former associate of the John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies at Harvard University’s Center for International Affairs (Russell, "The’ Nuclear Winter ’ Meltdown Photoshopping the Apocalypse", http://adamant.typepad.com/seitz/2006/12/preherein_honor.html-http://adamant.typepad.com/seitz/2006/12/preherein_honor.html)//AM All that remains of Sagan’s Big Chill are curves such as this , but history AND invoke rare phenomena as commonplace, claiming it prudent to assume the worst. Plan Thankfully the plan solves – Text: The United States federal government should remove its scientific sanctions against Cuba.
4/5/14
1ac science - marine science scenario
Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 1 | Opponent: Damien CS | Judge: Ideen Saiedian Cuba represents a huge data gap in marine science – the plan resolves that EDF 13 (February 2013; “Improving Environmental ¶ Science in Cuba for Healthy Marine Ecosystems”; Environmental Defense Fund; http://www.edf.org/sites/default/files/improvingEnvironmentalScienceInCubaForHealthyMarineEcosystems.pdf; KDUB) Conclusions and what’s next¶ some have called Cuba the black hole AND marine protected areas, endangered species, sea level rise, and climate change..
Specifically US and Cuban marine cooperation is key to coral reef conservation Lempinen, 12 – Researcher at the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Public Information Officer at The World Academy of Sciences, cites the best nuclear author person ever Mr. Robock (Edward W., “Oceans, Weather, Health—U.S. Researchers Explore Potential Collaboration with Cuban Colleagues” American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1 May 2012 http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2012/0501cuba.shtml)ahayes Coral reefs in much of the Caribbean have sustained significant damage AND for interchange because there are so many shared interests.”
Extinction – new marine research is key Hoegh-Guldberg et al 7 (O. Hoegh-Guldberg,1* P. J. Mumby,2 A. J. Hooten,3 R. S. Steneck,4 P. Greenfield,5 E. Gomez,6¶ C. D. Harvell,7 P. F. Sale,8 A. J. Edwards,9 K. Caldeira,10 N. Knowlton,11 C. M. Eakin,12¶ R. Iglesias-Prieto,13 N. Muthiga,14 R. H. Bradbury,15 A. Dubi,16 M. E. Hatziolos17; “Coral Reefs Under Rapid Climate¶ Change and Ocean Acidification”; Science, published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science; peer reviewed journal; 2007; google scholar; KDUB) Socioeconomic Impacts of Coral Reef Decline¶ The scenarios AND even under the most¶ optimistic circumstances.
4/5/14
1ac science - plan text
Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 3 | Opponent: Loyola NN | Judge: Alyssa Lucas-Bolin The United States federal government should remove its economic sanctions pertaining to science against Cuba
4/5/14
1ac science - storms advantage
Tournament: La Costa Canyon | Round: 6 | Opponent: Loyola DW | Judge: Marvin Carter Storms are increasingly frequent and powerful – best scientific evidence Dvorsky 13 (GEORGE DVORSKY; io9 meteorology; cites numerous scientific studies; 11/08/13; “Welcome to the Age of the Superstorm”; http://io9.com/welcome-to-the-age-of-the-superstorm-1460773814; kdub) Almost exactly one year after Hurricane Sandy hit the U.S. eastern seaboard AND frequency of devastating storms like Haiyan, at great cost to coastal communities.
Plan removes the ONLY barrier to hurricane cooperation Boom 12 (Brian M. Boom - 08.14.2012; AAAS publication, director of the Caribbean Biodiversity Program and Bassett Maguire Curator of Botany at the New York Botanical Garden; “Biodiversity without Borders”; http://www.sciencediplomacy.org/article/2012/biodiversity-without-borders; kdub) The most urgent environmental problems requiring bilateral action are broadly classified as disasters—both AND terrestrial ecosystems that are damaged by hurricanes, they currently cannot do so.
That solves hurricane preparedness and response Van Heerden 9 (Ivor van Heerden; doctorate degree in Marine Sciences and deputy director of the Louisiana State University Hurricane Center; “Avenues of Potential Cooperation Betweenthe U.S. and Cuba on Hurricane Preparednessand Disaster Management” published in “9 ways for us to talk to Cuba and for Cuba to talk to us”; The Center for Democracy in the Americas, an independent, non-profit organization that does not receive financial support from theU.S. or any foreign government; 2009; http://www.scribd.co0m/doc/10323598/9-Ways-for-US-to-Talk-to-Cuba-and-for-Cuba-to-Talk-to-US; kdub) Exchanging information on hurricanes is one of the few areas where the U.S AND myopic view of mostly U.S. adminis-trators and politicians.
Scenario 1 is the grid
The grid is vulnerable now a new superstorm will crush it in the wake of Sandy – a coordinated strategy is key to resilience which mitigates storms’ impact Abi-Samra 13 (Nicholas Abi-Samra is a senior member of IEEE, a professional engineer, and senior vice president, electricity transmission and distribution, at DNV GL; 06 November 2013; “One Year Later: Superstorm Sandy Underscores Need for a Resilient Grid”; http://spectrum.ieee.org/energy/the-smarter-grid/one-year-later-superstorm-sandy-underscores-need-for-a-resilient-grid; kdub) On the evening of 29 October 2012, Superstorm Sandy made landfall in southern New AND more flexible, the impact of even the worst storm can be minimized.
Grid failure causes nuclear meltdowns Capiello 11(Dina, Huffington Post, “Long Blackouts Pose Risk To U.S. Nuclear Reactors” 3/29/11 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/29/blackout-risk-us-nuclear-reactors_n_841869.html) A 2003 federal analysis looking at how to estimate the risk of containment failure said AND things in a place that would not have been swept away by tsunami."
Extinction Lendman ‘11 (Stephen – BA from Harvard University and MBA from Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, “Nuclear Meltdown in Japan” 3/13/11 http://rense.com/general93/nucmelt.htm) For years, Helen Caldicott warned it's coming. In her 1978 book, " AND or face extinction. No one listened. The Doomsday Clock keeps ticking.
Scenario 2 is credibility
Disaster response is perceived and affects every aspect of global perception of the US Farazmand 7 (Ali Farazmand is a professor of public administration at Florida Atlantic University AND 2007; Public Administration Review, 67: 149–159; kdub) Katrina: A global case of grand failure in governance and emergency management¶ If AND agree with Marx’s assessment of the situation during and after the Katrina crisis.
Status quo disaster response destroys the governments reputation Gaines-Ross 12 (Dr. Leslie Gaines-Ross is a chief reputation strategist and leads public relations firm Weber Shandwick’s global reputation consulting services and proprietary thought leadership development. Dr. Gaines-Ross is also the author of two books, CEO Capital: A Guide to Building CEO Reputation and Company Success (2003) and Corporate Reputation: 12 Steps to Safeguarding and Recovering Reputation (2008). 2012. “Reputation Matters” http://www.europeanbusinessreview.com/?p=356)//KDUB A Tipping Point On August 29, 2005, America suffered its biggest disaster since AND possibility. If the right steps are taken, reputation restoration is likely.
That wrecks international credibility and soft power – better disaster response solves Walt 05 (PhD in political science and professor of International Affairs Stephen Walt, “The world watches as America attempts its restoration,” 10-19-05)KDUB The hurricanes that struck America's Gulf coast this autumn were just the beginning of a AND do. The world is watching; we had better not blow it.
Military leadership is inevitable – but credibility is key to solve a plethora of impacts Nye 11 Joseph S. Nye Jr., University Distinguished Service Professor at Harvard University, God of Soft Power “The Future of Power”, 2011, CMR Today, power in the world is distributed in a pattern that resembles a AND broader narrative are the purposes of this book. xvi-xvii
4/5/14
2ac aspec
Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Leland VV | Judge: Jim Freeman Emphasizing the legal and technical minutiae of environmentalism disempowers local communities who are rendered passive in the face of expertise debate Shutkin in 2000 (William, Urban Studies and Planning at M.I.T., The Land That Could Be: Environmentalism And Democracy In The Twenty-First Century, P. Ebook) With its emphasis on legal and technical solutions, AND literally killing people is often not in violation of environmental laws. 54
4/5/14
2ac bare life
Tournament: Stanford | Round: 4 | Opponent: Oakwood Secodary BG | Judge: Gene Chien Their authors votes aff Wadiwel 4 (Dinesh Joesph, completing a doctorate at the University of Western Sydney “Animal by Any Other Name? Patterson and Agamben Discuss Animal (and Human) Life” Borderlands E-Journal Vol 3 No. 1; Kristof) Both of these ‘brushes’ with the animal point AND so called human rights and values."
No impact – people can assert agency in the face of state control – ignoring this disempowers the alt Cesare Casarino, professor of cultural studies and comparative literature at the University of Minnesota AND Antonio Negri, author of numerous volumes of philosophy and political theory. “It’s a Powerful Life: A Conversation on Contemporary Philosophy” Cultural Critique 57. 2004
AN: I believe Giorgio is writing a sequel to Homo Sacer AND continuously try to subtract or neutralize our resistance. End Page 174
4/5/14
2ac cap
Tournament: Bingham | Round: 6 | Opponent: Juan Diego AC | Judge: Hayden Warren Race and class CAN’T be the root of our aff – be skeptical of their ev Schlosberg 13 (David Schlosberg; Environmental Politics Volume 22, Issue 1, 2013 Special Issue: Coming of Age? Environmental Politics at 21; “Theorising environmental justice: the expanding sphere of a discourse”; pages 37-55; KDUB) Another major focus of environmental justice AND manifest in environmental conditions, among other ways.
Specifically in the context of Mexico Carruthers 7 (David V. Carruthers; “Environmental justice and the politics of energy on the US–Mexico border”; Environmental Politics Volume 16, Issue 3, 2007; pages 394-413; KDUB) Consider race. Environmental justice appeared in AND what David Pellow calls the ‘perpetrator–victim scenario’ (2000b)
Historical materialism fails in the context of our aff Hovden 99 (Eivind Hovden; Senior Research Fellow at the Fridtjof Nansen Institute, Norway; 1999; “As if nature doesn't matter: Ecology, regime theory and¶ international relations”; Environmental Politics, 8:2, 50-74; KDUB) Marxism is, of course, a natural focal point of any theoretical challenge AND alternative IR theoretical approach to environmental issues.
our praxis resolves the negative impacts to cap Schlosberg 13 (David Schlosberg; Environmental Politics Volume 22, Issue 1, 2013 Special Issue: Coming of Age? Environmental Politics at 21; “Theorising environmental justice: the expanding sphere of a discourse”; pages 37-55; KDUB) Environmental justice and sustainable materialism AND just communities and a working environment.
The affirmative is a necessary advocacy to resist neoliberalism Carruthers 7 (David V. Carruthers; “Environmental justice and the politics of energy on the US–Mexico border”; Environmental Politics Volume 16, Issue 3, 2007; pages 394-413; KDUB) Globalisation and Environmental Justice Starting AND That is ingrained in people’s minds as border inhabitants. (Garc?´a Zendejas, 2005)
Even if their ideas are good, their presentation fails. The perm frames the alt in a persuasive manner Hirokawa 2 (Keith Hirokawa, J.D. from the UConn and LL.M. from the Northwestern School of Law, 2002, "Some Pragmatic Observations About Radical Critique In Environmental Law," Stanford Environmental Law Journal, Volume 21, June; lexis; Kristof) Pragmatism's success in the environmental debate is owed to AND in light of dominant beliefs, rather than in spite of them.
4/5/14
2ac coloniality
Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Desert Vista RZ | Judge: Nikhil Bontha Coloniality is inevitable and the attempts to singularize a notion of coloniality is impossible – the affirmative is a productive engagement to break down the negative effects of colonialism and the alternative reentrenches exclusion Pheng Cheah is Associate Professor of Rhetoric. 2006 http://townsendcenter.berkeley.edu/publications/limits-thinking-decolonial-strategies Mignolo announces nothing less than a radical critique AND production of the bodily needs and interests of subjects claiming alterity.
The problem is not that of the state but rather the duality of the alternative – embracing the permutation is the best option Walter D. Mignolo, doctor of semiotics and literary theory, professor of decoloniality at Duke University, and professor Madina Tlostanova, doctor of literature and postcolonial studies, professor at People’s Friendship University of Russia. Times for re-thinking, re-learning and networking Ljubljana, February 2009 http://kristinabozic.wordpress.com/decolonization-interview/ Prof Mignolo: Well, we have also the decolonial option. AND be found there rather than in Russia.
4/5/14
2ac commissions
Tournament: La Costa Canyon | Round: 3 | Opponent: University SS | Judge: Chris Thiele their evidence concludes aff Kenneth R. Mayer Department of Political Science University of Wisconsin-Madiso December, 2007 THE BASE REALIGNMENT AND CLOSURE PROCESS: IS IT POSSIBLE TO MAKE RATIONAL POLICY? BRAC worked. However, the fifth and likely final round AND cost data to close bases according to a predetermined plan (Render 1997)
4/5/14
2ac consult brazil
Tournament: ASU | Round: 5 | Opponent: Green Valley GD | Judge: Chris Roberds say no Hakim 12 (Peter, president emeritus and senior fellow of the Inter-American Dialogue, a Washington-based think tank on Western Hemisphere affairs, “Brazil and the US Security Agenda”, Inter-American Dialogue, February 6, http://www.thedialogue.org/page.cfm?pageID=32andpubID=2855) TC Similarly, the US and Brazil are on polar opposite sides AND President Juan Manuel Santos has simply deferred any further action on the accord.
4/5/14
2ac deep eco cp
Tournament: Stanford | Round: 1 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley BD | Judge: Chris Thiele Detaching theory and practice mean they don’t solve Schlosberg 13 (David Schlosberg; Environmental Politics Volume 22, Issue 1, 2013 Special Issue: Coming of Age? Environmental Politics at 21; “Theorising environmental justice: the expanding sphere of a discourse”; pages 37-55; KDUB) This focus on the relationship between practice and theory AND innovation is as broad and informative as it is in environmental justice.
Shallow ecology is comparatively superior – our subject position ensures that ontological commitment will always be rooted in humanity – their arg discredits ecological academia Avery 4 (STEPHEN AVERY; “The Misbegotten Child of Deep Ecology”; Environmental Values, Vol. 13, No. 1 (February 2004), pp. 31-50; KDUB) Hand-in-hand with this ontological commitment, AND ontology itself is not possible outside a fundamental human standpoint.
4/5/14
2ac fiated counterplan
Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Leland VV | Judge: Jim Freeman Their counterplan reinforces ineffective frameworks for addressing environmental degradation Hovden 99 (Eivind Hovden; Senior Research Fellow at the Fridtjof Nansen Institute, Norway; 1999; “As if nature doesn't matter: Ecology, regime theory and¶ international relations”; Environmental Politics, 8:2, 50-74; KDUB) The above points should go some way to illustrate AND that co-operation has been an aggravating factor as much as an¶ alleviating one.
Emphasizing the legal and technical minutiae of environmentalism disempowers local communities who are rendered passive in the face of expertise debate Shutkin in 2000 (William, Urban Studies and Planning at M.I.T., The Land That Could Be: Environmentalism And Democracy In The Twenty-First Century, P. Ebook) With its emphasis on legal and technical solutions, AND literally killing people is often not in violation of environmental laws. 54
You are not a policy-maker—pretending you are absolves individual responsibility for violence – makes serial policy failure inevitable and is an independent reason to vote affirmative Kappeler, 1995 (Susanne, The Will to Violence, p. 10-11) We are the war' does not mean that the responsibility AND human choice and therefore subject to human control. 12
4/5/14
2ac framework
Tournament: ASU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Hamilton DJ | Judge: Romin Rajan Resolved before the colon means reserved – it’s the starting point for discussion Evans, 1 (Nathan Kirk, CEDA Debate, “A2: Jeff P-Is the resolution a question?,” http://cedadebate.org/pipermail/mailman/2001-February/030719.html) The resolution is not a question. It is AND changed. Debaters, however, have that opportunity.
Economic engagement is academic analysis of economic areas Bond and Paterson, 5 – *lecturer in Sociology in the School of Social and Political Studies, University of Edinburgh AND professor of educational policy at the University of Edinburgh (Ross and Lindsay, “Coming down from the ivory tower? Academics’ civic and economic engagement with the community”; September 2005) We now turn our attention AND they should have economic relevance.
The lens of environmental justice is the most productive approach to the topic – all other explanations fail Schlosberg 13 (David Schlosberg; Environmental Politics Volume 22, Issue 1, 2013 Special Issue: Coming of Age? Environmental Politics at 21; “Theorising environmental justice: the expanding sphere of a discourse”; pages 37-55; KDUB) Horizontal and vertical expansion AND environmental justice analysis continues to expand in scope and scale.
You are not a policy-maker—pretending you are absolves individual responsibility for violence – makes serial policy failure inevitable and is an independent reason to vote affirmative Kappeler, 1995 (Susanne, The Will to Violence, p. 10-11) We are the war' does not mean that the responsibility AND human choice and therefore subject to human control. 12
The justification for an action is itself an action Risman 2004 (Barbara J. Risman is Associate Professor of Sociology and Found Director of Women 's Studies at North Carolina State University, “Gender as a Social Structure: Theory Wrestling with Activism” Gender and Society, Vol. 18, No. 4 (Aug., 2004), pp. 429-450 Jstor) Giddens's (1984) structuration theory adds considerably more depth AND resource distribution and material goods are gender specific.
Questions of methodology are the most important ones - they dictate how conclusions are achieved Bartlett, 1990 (Katharine, professor of law at Duke University, 103 Harvard Law Review 829, February, lexis) Feminists have developed extensive critiques AND trying to identify and undermine." n5
Truth and predictability are nihilistic illusions built upon a myth of sameness and unity grounded in a fear of the flux and movement which lie at the heart of life – embrace the ecstasy of risk and the glory of active interpretation which uses force to wrest meaning from the abyss of nihilism. Lotringer, 1 – Professor of Foreign Philosophy at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland, Professor Emeritus of Comparative Literature at Columbia University, (Sylvere, “The Dance of Signs” in Hatred of Capitalism: A Semiotext(e) Reader ed. KrausandLotringer, Los Angeles:Semiotext(e), pg 174-176) Freud is not blind to this: "The producer which AND ceaselessly menacing and forever being reborn.
4/4/14
2ac gendered language
Tournament: Bingham | Round: 4 | Opponent: Rowland Hall KG | Judge: Kinsee Gaither They must prove intent to exclude Roskoski and Peabody, Florida State, 91 (Matthew and Joe, 1991, A Linguistic and Philosophical Critique of Language "Arguments,” http://debate.uvm.edu/Library/DebateTheoryLibrary/RoskoskiandPeabody-LangCritiques, Date Accessed: 7/8, JS) Initially, it is important to note that the Sapir-Whorf AND artifacts of the language being used as a measuring tool.
Focusing solely on the language used to describe something masks the problem and makes it harder to confront Meisner, professor of environmental studies at York University, 1995 (Mark, “Resourcist Language: The Symbolic Enslavement of Nature”, Proceedings of the Conference on Communication and Our Environment, ed: David Sachsman, p. 242) Changing the language we use to talk about AND either that language is trivial, or that it is deterministic.
4/5/14
2ac gifts good
Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 6 | Opponent: Rowland Hall KG | Judge: Chris Rodriguez Gifts and protection do not undermine dignity and reflect democratic ethics Cuoto and Eken 2, Richard A. Couto, Professor of Leadership Studies at Antioch College and Stephanie C. Eken, Adolescent Psychiatry and Pediatric Psychiatry, 2002 (To Give their Gifts: Health, Community, and Democracy, p. 217-218). Through the gift relationship, which meets the needs of strangers and expresses our mutual responsibility for each other, communities and individuals can work to narrow the gap between democratic values and actual practices. We conclude with reflections on innovative democratic leadership, the democratic prospect of community, and the democratic premise of the worth and dignity of every person.
Perm do the plan and all non-mutually exclusive parts of the alt - gift relationships in the context of civic society are still meaningful. O’Neill 01, John O’Neill, professor of sociology at York University, 2001, Angelaki: Journal of the Theoretical Humanities 6.2, “The Time(s) of the Gift,” pg. 13 In a secular society AND the secular practices of charity (O'Neill, 1994).
4/5/14
2ac gruen card
Tournament: La Costa Canyon | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bakersfield LC | Judge: Dan Perdomo Helping those suffering is key to a true meaning to our lives - Star this card. Gruen 2009 (Lori, Wesleyan University, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Associate Professor, Environmental Studies, Associate Professor, Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies. BA University of Colorado Boulder, PHD University of Colorado Boulder. “12 Modern Philosophers” February 6th 2009, p. 233, MT) Singer was born in 1946 in Melbourne, Australia, AND real satisfaction with one’s life can be found (see How are we to Live).
4/5/14
2ac kappeler indite
Tournament: Stanford | Round: 6 | Opponent: Nevada Union CH | Judge: Kinsee Gaither he's wrong Rawls 99 (John, Professor Emeritus – Harvard University, The Law of Peoples, p. 54-7) Developing the Law of Peoples within a liberal conception of justice AND for in that case it would be incompatible with freedom of speech.
4/5/14
2ac lacan
Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Bellarmine AG | Judge: Michelle Li Psychoanalysis in the context of the affirmative is flawed – even their author concedes that it devolves into human centered negotiations which prevents alternative solvency Renee Lertzman 12 Royal Roads University, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Review of Psychoanalysis and Ecology at the Edge of Chaos: Complexity Theory, DeleuzejGuattari and Psychoanalysis for a Climate in Crisis by Joseph Dodds Defence’’ leads specifically into how a psychoanalytic AND of where ecopsychological thinking has brought us.
The alternative fails and can’t explain the aff Sharpe 10 – lecturer, philosophy and psychoanalytic studies, and Goucher, senior lecturer, literary and psychoanalytic studies – Deakin University Matthew and Geoff, Žižek and Politics: An Introduction, p. 182-185 Can we bring some order to this host of criticisms? AND what means can the theorist and his allies use to move them to do so?
No scientific, empirical, or logical basis for psychoanalysis mootz, 2k (Francis J. ,II, Visiting Professor of Law, Pennsylvania State University, Dickinson School of Law; Professor of Law, Western New England College School of Law, Yale Journal of the Law and Humanities, 12 Yale J.L. and Human. 299, p. 319-320) Freudian psychoanalysis increasingly is the target of blistering criticism AND no longer were plausible according to their own criteria of validation. n66
It’s not falsifiable Mahrer, 99 (Alvin R., professor emeritus at the University of Ottawa School of Psychology, “Embarrassing Problems for the Field of Psychotherapy” John Wiley and Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 55: 1147–1156, 1999. p. 1152, via Wiley Inter Science)
Psychotherapy Rests on a Foundation of Absolute Truths AND for theoreticians, philosophers of science, and perhaps researchers.
4/4/14
2ac luke
Tournament: ASU | Round: 3 | Opponent: Bingham NW | Judge: Steven Sander Explanations of managerialism are overly SIMPLISTIC and insufficient – an ecological approach is comparatively better in the context of Maquiladoras Orihuela and Hageman 11 (Balachandran Orihuela, Sharada, and Andrew Carl Hageman. "The Virtual Realities Of US/Mexico Border Ecologies In Maquilapolis And Sleep Dealer." Environmental Communication 5.2 (2011): 166-186. Communication and Mass Media Complete. EBSCO. 3 Sept. 2013. KDUB) First, it would be simple enough to assert AND exploit labor and commit mass acts of ecological degradation.
Luke concludes that institutional change is necessary to stop extinction – their alternative fails Luke, 97 – professor of political science at Virginia polytechnic Timothy, “Ecocritique: Contesting the Politics of Nature, Economy, and Culture”, pg 126-127 It may be true that “the actions AND having everyone recycle all their soda cans.
Rejection of managerialism is just as dangerous – their author Luke, 97 – professor of political science at Virginia polytechnic Timothy, “Ecocritique: Contesting the Politics of Nature, Economy, and Culture”, pg. 80 Although resource managerialism can be criticized AND tactics of such agencies as the Worldwatch Institute reveal.
4/4/14
2ac nanotech disad
Tournament: ASU | Round: 5 | Opponent: Green Valley GD | Judge: Chris Roberds Global nanotech inevitable – trends prove Delemarle et al 9 Aurelie, post-doctoral research fellow at LATTS working on the conditions of emergence of markets for nanosciences and technology based innovations, Bernard Kahane, Lionel Villard, Philippe Laredo, “Geography of Knowledge Production in Nanotechnologies: A Flat World with Many Hills and Mountains,” Nanotechnology Law and Business 6 Nanotech. L. and Bus. (2009) WD
Introduction Research on nanoscale phenomena AND considering more than just total investment.
Tech diffusion is inevitable—export restrictions fail Gierow 12-Reporters Without Borders Germany (Hauke, “Export Controls For Digital Weapons”, EDRI-Gram 2012, http://www.edri.org/edrigram/number10.24/export-controls-digital-weapons, MB) While the European Governments often praise AND welcome this resolution and hope for subsequent legislation.
Turn – the plan is key to the responsible development of nanotech – guidance and regulations Dhawan and Sharma 11 Alok Dhawan is principal scientist and Vyom Sharma is a senior research fellow at the Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India., August 25, 2011, “Address risk of nanotech toxicity,” http://www.scidev.net/global/technology/opinion/address-risk-of-nanotech-toxicity-1.html WD Developing countries forging ahead with nanotechnology need regulation AND before developing regulations and standard methodologies for nanotoxicity assessment.
Turn – fast nanotech good – US guidance is key Forrest 89 David, President of the Institute for Molecular Manufacturing and a Senior Fellow at the Foresight Nanotech Institute, member of the Working Group for the International Technology Roadmap for Productive Nanosystems, and of the Technical Advisory Group to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) on the ISO Technical Committee on Nanotechnology (TC/229), March 23, 1989, “Regulating Nanotechnology Development,” http://www.foresight.org/nano/Forrest1989.html WD If we tried to block or slow the AND should begin the task as soon as possible.
4/5/14
2ac nietzsche
Tournament: ASU | Round: Octas | Opponent: Green Valley BH | Judge: Jackson Challinor, Roger Copenhaver, Nisarg Patel The only way we can become the Übermensch is by embracing the finitude of our lives and the enormousness of nature Becker 73 (Earnest, The Denial of Death, pg 73, Ph.D ins Cultural Anthropology, was a professor the University of California at Berkely, San Franciso State College, and Simon Fraser University, and founder of The Ernest Becker Foundation; Kristof) Here Rank joins Kierkegaard in the belief AND beyond the consolations of others and of the things of this world.36
Acting and assumptions are key to survival Nietzsche 1882 (The Gay Science, Kaufmann translation. TL) Origin of the logical.- How did logic come AND this primeval mechanism now runs its course so quickly and is so well concealed.
Ressentiment is silly—avoiding it by rejecting active compassion is life-negating Frazer 6 The Review of Politics (2006), 68: 49-78 Cambridge University Press Michael Frazer's research focuses on Enlightenment political philosophy and its relevance for contemporary political theory. His current book project, “The Enlightenment of Sympathy: Justice and the Moral Sentiments in the Eighteenth Century and Today,” defends a psychologically holistic approach to political reflection through an examination of such authors as David Hume, Adam Smith and J. G. Herder. Dr. Frazer has also published articles on Maimonides, Nietzsche, John Rawls and Leo Strauss in such journals as "Political Theory" and "The Review of Politics." After receiving his B.A. from Yale University and his Ph.D. from Princeton University, Dr. Frazer spent the 2006-7 academic year as a postdoctoral research associate in the Political Theory Project at Brown University. Assistant professor – HARVARD
There is a second way in which the painful AND opponents of human flourishing.
Meaning is transient – we should stop suffering when we can Mitchell Smolkin, doctor who specializes in depression, Understanding Pain, 1989 p75-79
For Camus, the absurdity of the human condition consists AND rouse up its rats again and send them forth to die in a happy city.”76
There is no opposition between arguing for pragmatic change in the world and affirming life in a Nietzschean sense---their refusal of change and reform is self-delusion that withdraws from the world and denies an important aspect of life May 5 (Todd, Professor of Philosophy at Clemson University, September 2005, “To change the world, to celebrate life,” Philosophy and Social Criticism, Vol. 31, No. 5-6) For those among us who seek in philosophy AND then becomes one of how to choose both sides at once.
Suffering is not inevitable – engagement is necessary to celebrate life and withdrawing inward forecloses opportunities to change our surroundings May 5 – Philosophy Professor at Clemenson University (Todd, “To change the world, to celebrate life,” Philosophy and Social Criticism 2005 Vol 31 No. 5–6 p. 517–531) There are many ways to conceive the bond between world-changing AND a political ascetic? Asceticism like that is dangerous.
4/4/14
2ac science good
Tournament: Bingham | Round: 2 | Opponent: Stansbury KW | Judge: Brock Hanson Scientific predictions solve – defer to expert consensus Sullivan 98 (Phillip A., professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Toronto’s Institute for Aerospace Studies, “An Engineer Dissects Two Cases Studies”, A House Built on Sand: Exposing Postmodernist Myths about Science, edited by Noretta Koertge) The Process of Scientific Discovery AND are capable of making accurate predictions. 12
Science is key to check authoritarianism and solves a multitude of extinction scenarios Sokal, 4 (Alan D. Department of Physics New York University Transgressing the Boundaries: Towards a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity)ahayes
Finally, postmodern science provides a powerful refutation AND political struggle that seeks something more than a reenactment of state socialism.91
Even if science is bad the alt is worse - Critiques of science will be exploited by groups interested in destroying the environment Ted BENTON Sociology @ Essex 5 in After Postmodernism eds. Jose Lopez and Garry Potter p. 137-138 Second, the post Kuhnian relativist aproaches to the sociology of science, AND reasons for scepticism about the more radical versions of constructionism.
Burden of proof is key --- other epistemologies cause extinction Coyne, 06 – Author and Writer for the Times (Jerry A., “A plea for empiricism”, FOLLIES OF THE WISE, Dissenting essays, 405pp. Emeryville, CA: Shoemaker and Hoard, 1 59376 101 5) Supernatural forces and events, essential aspects of most religions, AND we desperately need to heed Crews’s plea for empiricism.
