1NC T-Towards"it's" Neolib BECC CP Oil DA China DA
Tahoma
1
Opponent: Erryone | Judge: WA
1AC same as Fullerton RD 1 but with this card in place of Deibel
Tahoma Sems
1
Opponent: ILake | Judge: McCool
T-Its Cap Multi-plank CP Oil DA China DA case
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Cites
Entry
Date
1AC-New Warming Card
Tournament: Tahoma | Round: 1 | Opponent: Erryone | Judge: WA Warming causes extinction - a preponderance of evidence proves it's real, anthropogenic, and outweighs other threats- turns every impact Scranton, 11/10 (Roy, Department of English at Princeton University, joined the English Department in 2010. His interests include the literature and cultures of war, 20th-century American literature, and the rhetoric and practice of experimental literature, His scholarship and essays have been published or are forthcoming in Contemporary Literature, Theory and Event, the New York Times, Boston Review, Bookforum, and elsewhere. He has also published fiction in Prairie Schooner, Epiphany, and LIT. He is co-editor of Fire and Forget: Short Stories from the Long War (Da Capo, 2013), an anthology of literary fiction by veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan. 11/10/13, The New York Times, “Learning How to Die in the Anthropocene,” http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/10/learning-how-to-die-in-the-anthropocene/?_r=1and, Accessed: 11/13/13, LPS.)
The challenge the Anthropocene poses is a challenge not just to national security, to food and energy markets, or to our “way of life” — though these challenges are all real, profound, and inescapable. The greatest challenge the …. If homo sapiens (or some genetically modified variant) survives the next millenniums, it will be survival in a world unrecognizably different from the one we have inhabited.
11/24/13
1AC-No War-Sems
Tournament: Tahoma Sems | Round: 1 | Opponent: ILake | Judge: McCool Plan: The United States Federal Government should increase non-hydrocarbon energy integration with the United Mexican States.
Advantage 1 is Renewable Development A Window of opportunity is opening now to bolster bilateral relations- Failure to cooperate kills relations- would be perceived by Mexico and other Latin American partners as a “okay” to continue with weapons smuggling and drug trade- continued relations are key Wilson, et. al. 13 (Christopher E., Christopher Wilson is an Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Eric L. Olson, the Associate Director of the Latin American Program at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, DC, Miguel R. Salazar¶ , the Public Affairs Specialist for the Latin American Program's Mexico Institute, where he is responsible for the program's outreach and communications efforts, Andrew Selee, the Wilson Center’s Vice President for Programs in April 2012. He was the founding Director the Center’s Mexico Institute from 2003-12. He is an adjunct professor of Government at Johns Hopkins University and of International Affairs at George Washington University and has been a visiting professor at El Colegio de Mexico, and Duncan Wood, the Director of the Mexico Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, January, 2013, The Wilson Center, “New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S. Mexico Relations,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf, Accessed: 8/8/13, LPS.)
A long term commitment ….. ¶ consumption at home.¶ Amidst the devastating violence and insecurity that gripped Mexico the past six years, there is some good ¶ news ¶ –¶ the U.S. and Mexico are working together to find solutions.
Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 5 | Opponent: College Prep YB | Judge: Roger Copenhaven Knee-Chuh The alt is anti political – that trades off with debate of specific issues and dooms their movement Gitlin 5 Todd Gitlin formerly served as professor of sociology and director of the mass communications program at the University of California, Berkeley, and then a professor of culture, journalism and sociology at New York University. He is now a professor of journalism and sociology and chair of the Ph.D. program in Communications at Columbia University. He was a long-time political activist( from the Left). From the Book: The Intellectuals and the Flag – 2005 – available via CIAO Books – date accessed 7/16/10 – http://www.ciaonet.org.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/book/git01/git01_02.pdf This book assumes that political thinking matters to …. But resistance presupposes that power has the initiative—resistance is its negative pole.
Nietzsche’s framework alone does not affirm life – rejecting violence and domination are prerequisites because they enable a societal balance free from human alienation. Schutte, ’84 (Professor of philosophy at the University of South Florida, PhD from Yale, Beyond Nihilism: Nietzsche Without Masks, p. 96-7) The rhetorical (still unreflective) effect of the personified use of the … for having alienated and continuing to alienate human beings from nature, from each other, from temporal existence—in short, from the meaning of the earth. 2. Perm: the celebration of life is hollow if it doesn’t include efforts to CHANGE the world May 5 (Todd May, Clemson Univ PHILOSOPHY and SOCIAL CRITICISM, vol 31 nos 5–6, http://psc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/31/5-6/517) We seek to conceive what is wrong in the world ….. , it is anathema for all of us who awaken each day to an America whose expansive boldness is matched only by an equally expansive disregard for those we place in harm’s way.
3. The struggle against injustice does not reduce life to commiseration – instead, it enables effective challenges to oppression. Robert C. Solomon, Philosophy @ UT Austin, 1994 (Nietzsche, Genealogy, Morality, p. 116-7) In the Nietzschean context, we are so accustomed to thinking of …. and this presupposes, as a matter of strategy if not also compassion, that the oppression and thus the resentment are shared. 4. Philosophies based on Nietzschian thought lead to genocide Richard Wolin 2004 Distinguished Professor of History at the CUNY Graduate Center The Seduction of Unreason – The Intellectual Romance with Fascism from Nietzsche to Postmodernism pp. 58-59
Was it really so far-fetched, as Nietzsche’s ….
cultural left who believe they can appropriate the radical trappings of Nietzsche’s doctrines without succumbing to their distasteful political debilities.
CIR
Cir won’t pass Leber, Reporter for Think Progress, 1/30 Rebecca, 12:40pm, “Republicans Admit Racism Is Big Obstacle To Passing Immigration Reform”, thinkprogress.org, http://thinkprogress.org/immigration/2014/01/30/3226951/immigration-gop-racism/, 1/31/14, JAZ Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-SC) noted that race and demagoguery have always been a factor when it’s come to U.S. immigration policy, and it certainly is one now …. The opposition puts Republicans at odds with Americans’ overwhelming support for immigration reform and a path to citizenship.
The use of manufactured drama trivializes the content of the 1AC and results in political apathy foreclosing our ability to engage politics
BENNETT IN 1996 W. Lance Bennett, teaches Political Science at the University of Washington, News: The Politics of Illusion, New York: Longman Publishers, 3rd Edition; 1996; pg 56-57 The most obvious effect of dramatization is to trivialize news content …. The human capacity for planning, compromise, and sensitive analysis dissolves in the face of crisis, confrontation, and simplistic images.
Backlash of other parties shouldn’t implicate your decision calculus as an ethical policy maker Alan Gewirth, Professor of Philosophy @ The University of Chicago, 1982 (“Human Rights: Essay on Justification and Application.” Pg. 230)
The required supplement is provided by the principle of intervening action. According to this principle, …. the reply would be that these rights cannot justifiably be secured at the price of the rights of blacks.
State department does the plan- no link to politics Meyer, analyst in Latin American, and Sullivan, Specialist in Latin American Affairs, 12 (Peter J., analyst in Latin American Affairs, Mark P., Specialist in Latin American Affairs, 6/26/12, “Congressional Research Service, CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and ¶ the Caribbean: Recent Trends and FY2013 Appropriations,” http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42582.pdf, P. 9, Accessed: 7/2/13, LPS.)
Nevertheless, Mexico ¶ would still account for over 45 of aid to the sub-region as a result of ….. Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs, testimony before the U.S. ¶
PC theory is wrong – winners win Hirsh, National Journal Chief Correspondent, 13 – National Journal chief correspondent, citing various political scientists Michael, former Newsweek senior correspondent, "There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital," National Journal, 2-9-13, www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207, accessed 2-8-13, mss The idea of political capital—or mandates, or momentum—is so poorly defined that …. “It is a controllable fact of political life.” Johnson had the skill and wherewithal to realize that, at that moment of history, he could have unlimited coinage if he handled the politics right. He did. (At least until Vietnam, that is.)
On April 23, 24 members of Congress sent a letter to Secretary of State John ….. increased human rights training for Mexico’s security forces, and more government agents held responsible for the human rights violations they commit.”
# Main Entry: 1re·solve # Pronunciation: \ri-?zälv, -?z?lv also -?zäv or -?z?v\ # Function: verb # Inflected Form(s): re·solved; re·solv·ing 1 : to become separated into component parts; also : to become reduced by dissolving or analysis 2 : to form a resolution : determine 3 : consult, deliberate
Should means desirable or recommended, not mandatory Words and Phrases, 2002 (“Words and Phrases: Permanent Edition” Vol. 39 Set to Signed. Pub. By Thomson West. P. 372-373)
Or. 1952. Where safety regulation for sawmill industry providing that a two by two inch guard rail should be installed at extreme outer edge of walkways adjacent to sorting tables was immediately preceded by other regulations in which word “shall” instead of “should” was used, and word “should” did not appear to be result of inadvertent use in particular regulation, use of word “should” was intended to convey idea that particular precaution involved was desirable and recommended, but not mandatory. ORS 654.005 et seq.----Baldassarre v. West Oregon Lumber Co., 239 P.2d 839, 193 Or. 556.---Labor and Emp. 2857
AIDs and deadly venereal diseases are pertinent in instances of prostitution Urgarte et. Al, 3 (Marisa B., Executive director at Bilateral safety Corridor Coalition Laura Zarate, Directora at Alentar | Capacitación and Recursos Humanos, Docente Universitaria - Tutora Académica at Universidad Catolica de Cuyo, Melissa Farley, an American clinical psychologist and researcher and feminist anti-pornography and anti-prostitution activist. Farley is best known for her studies of the effects of prostitution, trafficking, and sexual violence, “Prostitution and Trafficking of Women and Children from Mexico to the United States,” http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/Mexico-U.S.20Trafficking.pdf, P.148-167, Accessed: 12/15/13, LPS.)
A US physician who worked for a clinic that provided health care to mi-¶ grant workers said, ‚ÄúThe first time I went to the camps ….. The overwhelming health consequences to the victim¶ of captivity, terrorization, traumatic psychological stress and violence are off-¶ cially ignored, as in this case.
AIDS, STD’s and other deadly poverty-based diseases are prevalent because of prostitution Urgarte et. Al, 3 (Marisa B., Executive director at Bilateral safety Corridor Coalition Laura Zarate, Directora at Alentar | Capacitación and Recursos Humanos, Docente Universitaria - Tutora Académica at Universidad Catolica de Cuyo, Melissa Farley, an American clinical psychologist and researcher and feminist anti-pornography and anti-prostitution activist. Farley is best known for her studies of the effects of prostitution, trafficking, and sexual violence, “Prostitution and Trafficking of Women and Children from Mexico to the United States,” http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/Mexico-U.S.20Trafficking.pdf, P.148-167, Accessed: 12/15/13, LPS.)
Because young women are without resources, and because they are paid more for not using condoms, STDs are the rule rather than the exception. ….
2/5/14
2AC- CPS BY- RD5
Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 5 | Opponent: College Prep YB | Judge: Roger Copenhaven Knee-Chuh The alt is anti political – that trades off with debate of specific issues and dooms their movement Gitlin 5 Todd Gitlin formerly served as professor of sociology and director of the mass communications program at the University of California, Berkeley, and then a professor of culture, journalism and sociology at New York University. He is now a professor of journalism and sociology and chair of the Ph.D. program in Communications at Columbia University. He was a long-time political activist( from the Left). From the Book: The Intellectuals and the Flag – 2005 – available via CIAO Books – date accessed 7/16/10 – http://www.ciaonet.org.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/book/git01/git01_02.pdf This book assumes that political thinking matters to …. But resistance presupposes that power has the initiative—resistance is its negative pole.
Nietzsche’s framework alone does not affirm life – rejecting violence and domination are prerequisites because they enable a societal balance free from human alienation. Schutte, ’84 (Professor of philosophy at the University of South Florida, PhD from Yale, Beyond Nihilism: Nietzsche Without Masks, p. 96-7) The rhetorical (still unreflective) effect of the personified use of the … for having alienated and continuing to alienate human beings from nature, from each other, from temporal existence—in short, from the meaning of the earth. 2. Perm: the celebration of life is hollow if it doesn’t include efforts to CHANGE the world May 5 (Todd May, Clemson Univ PHILOSOPHY and SOCIAL CRITICISM, vol 31 nos 5–6, http://psc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/31/5-6/517) We seek to conceive what is wrong in the world ….. , it is anathema for all of us who awaken each day to an America whose expansive boldness is matched only by an equally expansive disregard for those we place in harm’s way.
3. The struggle against injustice does not reduce life to commiseration – instead, it enables effective challenges to oppression. Robert C. Solomon, Philosophy @ UT Austin, 1994 (Nietzsche, Genealogy, Morality, p. 116-7) In the Nietzschean context, we are so accustomed to thinking of …. and this presupposes, as a matter of strategy if not also compassion, that the oppression and thus the resentment are shared. 4. Philosophies based on Nietzschian thought lead to genocide Richard Wolin 2004 Distinguished Professor of History at the CUNY Graduate Center The Seduction of Unreason – The Intellectual Romance with Fascism from Nietzsche to Postmodernism pp. 58-59
Was it really so far-fetched, as Nietzsche’s ….
cultural left who believe they can appropriate the radical trappings of Nietzsche’s doctrines without succumbing to their distasteful political debilities.
CIR
Cir won’t pass Leber, Reporter for Think Progress, 1/30 Rebecca, 12:40pm, “Republicans Admit Racism Is Big Obstacle To Passing Immigration Reform”, thinkprogress.org, http://thinkprogress.org/immigration/2014/01/30/3226951/immigration-gop-racism/, 1/31/14, JAZ Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-SC) noted that race and demagoguery have always been a factor when it’s come to U.S. immigration policy, and it certainly is one now …. The opposition puts Republicans at odds with Americans’ overwhelming support for immigration reform and a path to citizenship.
The use of manufactured drama trivializes the content of the 1AC and results in political apathy foreclosing our ability to engage politics
BENNETT IN 1996 W. Lance Bennett, teaches Political Science at the University of Washington, News: The Politics of Illusion, New York: Longman Publishers, 3rd Edition; 1996; pg 56-57 The most obvious effect of dramatization is to trivialize news content …. The human capacity for planning, compromise, and sensitive analysis dissolves in the face of crisis, confrontation, and simplistic images.
Backlash of other parties shouldn’t implicate your decision calculus as an ethical policy maker Alan Gewirth, Professor of Philosophy @ The University of Chicago, 1982 (“Human Rights: Essay on Justification and Application.” Pg. 230)
The required supplement is provided by the principle of intervening action. According to this principle, …. the reply would be that these rights cannot justifiably be secured at the price of the rights of blacks.
State department does the plan- no link to politics Meyer, analyst in Latin American, and Sullivan, Specialist in Latin American Affairs, 12 (Peter J., analyst in Latin American Affairs, Mark P., Specialist in Latin American Affairs, 6/26/12, “Congressional Research Service, CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and ¶ the Caribbean: Recent Trends and FY2013 Appropriations,” http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42582.pdf, P. 9, Accessed: 7/2/13, LPS.)
Nevertheless, Mexico ¶ would still account for over 45 of aid to the sub-region as a result of ….. Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs, testimony before the U.S. ¶
PC theory is wrong – winners win Hirsh, National Journal Chief Correspondent, 13 – National Journal chief correspondent, citing various political scientists Michael, former Newsweek senior correspondent, "There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital," National Journal, 2-9-13, www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207, accessed 2-8-13, mss The idea of political capital—or mandates, or momentum—is so poorly defined that …. “It is a controllable fact of political life.” Johnson had the skill and wherewithal to realize that, at that moment of history, he could have unlimited coinage if he handled the politics right. He did. (At least until Vietnam, that is.)
On April 23, 24 members of Congress sent a letter to Secretary of State John ….. increased human rights training for Mexico’s security forces, and more government agents held responsible for the human rights violations they commit.”
# Main Entry: 1re·solve # Pronunciation: \ri-?zälv, -?z?lv also -?zäv or -?z?v\ # Function: verb # Inflected Form(s): re·solved; re·solv·ing 1 : to become separated into component parts; also : to become reduced by dissolving or analysis 2 : to form a resolution : determine 3 : consult, deliberate
Should means desirable or recommended, not mandatory Words and Phrases, 2002 (“Words and Phrases: Permanent Edition” Vol. 39 Set to Signed. Pub. By Thomson West. P. 372-373)
Or. 1952. Where safety regulation for sawmill industry providing that a two by two inch guard rail should be installed at extreme outer edge of walkways adjacent to sorting tables was immediately preceded by other regulations in which word “shall” instead of “should” was used, and word “should” did not appear to be result of inadvertent use in particular regulation, use of word “should” was intended to convey idea that particular precaution involved was desirable and recommended, but not mandatory. ORS 654.005 et seq.----Baldassarre v. West Oregon Lumber Co., 239 P.2d 839, 193 Or. 556.---Labor and Emp. 2857
AIDs and deadly venereal diseases are pertinent in instances of prostitution Urgarte et. Al, 3 (Marisa B., Executive director at Bilateral safety Corridor Coalition Laura Zarate, Directora at Alentar | Capacitación and Recursos Humanos, Docente Universitaria - Tutora Académica at Universidad Catolica de Cuyo, Melissa Farley, an American clinical psychologist and researcher and feminist anti-pornography and anti-prostitution activist. Farley is best known for her studies of the effects of prostitution, trafficking, and sexual violence, “Prostitution and Trafficking of Women and Children from Mexico to the United States,” http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/Mexico-U.S.20Trafficking.pdf, P.148-167, Accessed: 12/15/13, LPS.)
A US physician who worked for a clinic that provided health care to mi-¶ grant workers said, ‚ÄúThe first time I went to the camps ….. The overwhelming health consequences to the victim¶ of captivity, terrorization, traumatic psychological stress and violence are off-¶ cially ignored, as in this case.
AIDS, STD’s and other deadly poverty-based diseases are prevalent because of prostitution Urgarte et. Al, 3 (Marisa B., Executive director at Bilateral safety Corridor Coalition Laura Zarate, Directora at Alentar | Capacitación and Recursos Humanos, Docente Universitaria - Tutora Académica at Universidad Catolica de Cuyo, Melissa Farley, an American clinical psychologist and researcher and feminist anti-pornography and anti-prostitution activist. Farley is best known for her studies of the effects of prostitution, trafficking, and sexual violence, “Prostitution and Trafficking of Women and Children from Mexico to the United States,” http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/Mexico-U.S.20Trafficking.pdf, P.148-167, Accessed: 12/15/13, LPS.)
Because young women are without resources, and because they are paid more for not using condoms, STDs are the rule rather than the exception. ….
2/5/14
2AC- PV Peninsula-RD5
Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 5 | Opponent: PV Peninsula | Judge: Joe Engle Case SO2 isn’t sufficient to offset increasing CO2 NewScientist.com, Weekly science and technology news magazine, considered by some to be the world's best, with diverse subject matter, 2004, (2004 “Climate Change,” www.newscientist.com/hottopics/climate/climatefaq.jsp)
Right again. One of the nice ironies of this story is that burning coal and oil produces sulphate particles - which make acid rain. ….. So sulphates are not a solution.
Black aerosols outweigh reflective particles Science Daily, Breaking science news and articles on global warming, extrasolar planets, stem cells, bird flu, autism, nanotechnology, dinosaurs, evolution -- the latest 10 (Best Hope for Saving Arctic Sea Ice Is Cutting Soot Emissions, Say Researchers, July 30, 2010, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100728092617.htm)
The quickest, best way to slow the rapid melting of Arctic sea ice is to reduce soot emissions from the burning of fossil fuel, …… it is really hard to regenerate because there is not an efficient mechanism to cool the ocean down in the short term."
The plan is an engagement in alien phenomenology—not linguistic correlationism—we do not assume that the world conforms to human perception but rather that engaging and linking with new institutions like the USFG offers the chance to rethink the ontology of the human. Sacilotto ’12 Daniel Sacilotto, “In Defense of Unfashionable Causes,” Speculations III, September 2012, http://www.speculations-journal.org/storage/In20Defense20of20Unfashionable20Causes_Sacilotto.pdf The more difficult question comes however with regard to ER.
…… even Bryant’s account would have to be deemed implicitly representational in claiming to provide a suitable account of the metaphysical structure of reality.
We can have politics, but only after ontology. At this point, we are hardly political at all - it eliminates the possibility for an event. Galloway 12 - Phd in Literature, Associate professor in the Department of Media, Culture, and Communication at New York University (Alexander, http://itself.wordpress.com/2012/06/03/a-response-to-graham-harmans-marginalia-on-radical-thinking/, A response to Graham Harman’s “Marginalia on Radical Thinking”, June 3rd 2012) I cite this as a textbook example of the liberal bourgeois position that people from the likes of Zizek to Carl Schmitt have called “ …. And here I agree with Mehdi Belhaj Kacem’s recent characterization of Tristan Garcia’s ontology, modeled closely after Harman’s, as essentially a treatise on “Being Without Event.”
T-QPQ QPQ A. Counter Interpretation; Economic engagement includes both explicit quid pro quos and unconditional strategies. Kahler, Professor of Political Science at UC San Diego and Kastner, Professor of Gov’t and Politics @ U of Maryland, 6 (Miles and Scott, “Strategic Uses of Interdependence”, www.bsos.umd.edu/gvpt/kastner/KahlerKastner.doc? , Accessed 7/7/13 GAL)
Scholars have usefully distinguished between two types of economic engagement: conditional policies that require an explicit quid-pro-quo on the ….. part of the target country transforming agent that helps to reshape the goals of the target state. Sea Turtles The condition of the CP forecloses open gift exchange and enables the worst forms of violence Vaughan ‘4 (Genevieve , “A radically different world is possible” http://www.gifteconomyconference.com/pages/confstate.html) The stage seems to have been set for the millennium by Patriarchy and Capitalism with wars and counter wars at the personal and at the political levels. Attack and reprisal seem to be the pattern of interaction of all. Even suspicion of intent to attack is thought to justify counterattack. The cycle of violence is based upon exchange, …… the movement against domestic violence and trafficking of women and children, the peace and ecology movements, the movements for alternative spiritualities and art. Permutation- Do the Counterplan it’s not textually competitive AND– we don’t sever
# Main Entry: 1re·solve # Pronunciation: \ri-?zälv, -?zo?lv also -?zäv or -?zo?v\ # Function: verb # Inflected Form(s): re·solved; re·solv·ing 1 : to become separated into component parts; also : to become reduced by dissolving or analysis 2 : to form a resolution : determine 3 : consult, deliberate
Should means desirable or recommended, not mandatory Words and Phrases, 2002 (“Words and Phrases: Permanent Edition” Vol. 39 Set to Signed. Pub. By Thomson West. P. 372-373)
Or. 1952. Where safety regulation for sawmill industry providing that a two by two inch guard rail should be installed at extreme outer edge of walkways adjacent to sorting tables was immediately preceded by other regulations in which word “shall” instead of “should” was used, and word “should” did not appear to be result of inadvertent use in particular regulation, use of word “should” was intended to convey idea that particular precaution involved was desirable and recommended, but not mandatory. ORS 654.005 et seq.----Baldassarre v. West Oregon Lumber Co., 239 P.2d 839, 193 Or. 556.---Labor and Emp. 2857
Uncertainty prevents commercial spillover – no commercialization of greentech Anadon et. al. 10 – Associate Director of Science, Technology, and Public Policy Program and Director of the Energy Technology Innovation Policy research group; Project Manager of the Energy Research, Development, Demonstration and Deployment Policy Project at the Harvard Kennedy School and part of Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs (Laura, December 1–2, 2010 “Transforming the Energy Economy: Options for Accelerating the Commercialization of Advanced Energy Technologies” http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/ETIP_Workshop_Framing_Statement_Dec_2010_2.pdf)//BB Policy and regulations have a significant impact on almost all aspects of energy technologies. Lack of, or uncertainty about, policy …… or that mandates will not materialize (e.g., a Renewable Portfolio Standard or a Clean Energy Portfolio Standard for electricity).
That independently leads to warming-cross apply our internals and deibell Clean water is key to sustainable agricultural practices and food security – Gallup study proves Rheault and Tortora 12 (Magali, Bob, Gallup, "Clean Drinking Water Linked to Food Security in Africa," Mar 21, www.gallup.com/poll/153191/clean-drinking-water-linked-food-security-africa.aspx) The Gallup findings underscore the close association between potable water and having enough food to eat …… In addition, current views as to the scarcity of water call for deeper analysis to determine future water needs based on population growth in cities and rural areas.
Famine causes millions of deaths each year – distribution of grain solves Oracle 10 (Education Foundation, http://library.thinkquest.org/C002291/high/future/distribution.htm) IGM The amount of grain produced in the world today could provide each person on the planet with the equivalent of two loaves of bread per day. ….. , but those countries that are really in need of their share of the food to solve their hunger problems, cannot afford the high prices that these farmers charge and can get from other richer countries.
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Philosophically analyzing the aff and policy actions are not pragmatic and will lead to stalemate in the impending collapse of civilization- we have a moral obligation to act pragmatically- now is key to act- we’re the only policy that can solve Scranton, 11/10 (Roy, Department of English at Princeton University, joined the English Department in 2010. His interestsinclude the literature and cultures of war, 20th-century American literature, and the rhetoric and practice of experimental literature, His scholarship and essays have been published or are forthcoming in Contemporary Literature, Theory and Event, the New York Times, Boston Review, Bookforum, and elsewhere. He has also published fiction in Prairie Schooner, Epiphany, and LIT. He is co-editor of Fire and Forget: Short Stories from the Long War (Da Capo, 2013), an anthology of literary fiction by veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan. 11/10/13, The New York Times, “Learning How to Die in the Anthropocene,” http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/10/learning-how-to-die-in-the-anthropocene/?_r=1and, Accessed: 11/13/13, LPS.)
Geological time scales, civilizational collapse and species extinction give rise to profound problems that humanities scholars and academic philosophers ….. If we want to learn to live in the Anthropocene, we must first learn how to die.¶
Policy analysis should precede discourse – most effective way to challenge power Taft-Kaufman ’95 Jill Taft-Kaufman, Speech prof @ CMU, 1995, Southern Comm. Journal, Spring, v. 60, Iss. 3, “Other Ways”, p pq The postmodern passwords of "polyvocality," "Otherness," and "difference ….. institutions, agencies, and the budgets that fuel them.
Apocalyptic rhetoric motivates environmentalism. Salvador and Norton 11 (Michael Salvador - Michael Salvador is an Associate Professor in the Edward R. Murrow College of Communication at Washington State University and Todd Norton - Todd Norton is an Assistant Professor in the Edward R. Murrow College of Communication at Washington State University, “The Flood Myth in the Age of Global Climate Change,” 2/18/11, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2010.544749) Gangeezy
For Killingsworth and Palmer (1996), use of apocalyptic rhetoric has shifted in …. by prefacing the solution with a future scenario of what could happen if action is not taken, if the problem goes untreated’’ (Killingsworth and Palmer, 1996, p. 22).
Perm solves- Combining a focus on discursive power with political practice is the only way to ensure solvency Giroux, 6. Henry (Penn State Chair of Education and Cultural Studies), Dirty Democracy and States of Terrorism: The Politics of the New Authoritarianism in the United States in Comparative Studies of South Asia Volume 26 Number 6, p 176-177.
Abstracted from the ideal of public commitment, the new authoritarianism represents a …… —but it is within that circle that human hopes and the chances of humanity are inscribed, and can be nowhere else.
The inclusion of hypothetical impact scenarios supercharges the deliberative process by providing a normative means of assessing consequences Larsen and Ostling 9 (Katarina Larsen, a KTH – Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Philosophy and History of Technology, Division of History of Science and Technology, Teknikringen 76, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, Ulrika Gunnarsson-Östling, KTH – Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Planning and Environment, Division of Environmental Strategies Research, Drottning Kristinas väg 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, “Climate change scenarios and citizen-participation: Mitigation and adaptation perspectives in constructing sustainable futures,” Volume 33, Issue 3, July 2009, Pages 260–266, Science Direct)
In constructing normative scenarios a set of images are generated illustrating future ways of living, travelling and consuming products and …… However, similar reasoning about legitimacy of these processes suggests that people who are not allowed (by some reason) to take part in the process might not experience the result as legitimate. Thus, the external legitimacy might be low.
Mexico says no – corruption outweighs environmental interests, empirics prove, and international law’s too complex.
The Gulf of Ulloa covers roughly the northern half of the Pacific coastline of Southern Baja. …. America just as Mexico, money talks and bullshit walks.
An inherent difficulty for long-term adaptation decisions is uncertainty, due to limitations in our ¶ scientific knowledge of a highly complex climate system and the likely impacts of perturbing it. …… and could result ¶ in the abandonment of some highly populated coastal regions, including several European cities.
Scientists believe that Global Warming will lead to a weaker Ozone layer, …… The ozone depletion has also been correlated with higher levels of cancer in humans and animals.\
Ozone depletion causes complete extinction – scientific consensus is on our side Greenpeace, 1995, Full of Holes: Montreal Protocol and the Continuing Destruction of the Ozone Layer, http://archive.greenpeace.org/ozone/holes/holebg.html When chemists Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina first postulated a link between chlorofluorocarbons and ozone layer depletion …. - the stakes are literally the continuation of life on earth.
Benefits are short-term – can’t act as a sufficient negative feedback and warming kills other resources needed to sustain agriculture Mann 4 (Michael E, PHD in Geology and Geophysics from Yale, member of the Penn State University faculty, holding joint positions in the Departments of Meteorology and Geosciences, and the Earth and Environmental Systems Institute (EESI). He is also director of the Penn State Earth System Science Center (ESSC), "CO2 Fertilization," http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2004/11/co_2-fertilization/) It has sometimes been argued that the earth’s biosphere (in large part, the terrestrial biosphere) may have the capacity to sequestor much of the increased carbon dioxide (CO2) …… n. While CO2 fertilization could help to increase above ground vegetation a bit, storing more than a few tens of percent of the existing carbon would be quite surprising, and this is likely to be more like a few percent of global carbon emissions projected for the 21st century.
Multiple reasons warming kills agriculture William Cline, Senior Fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics and the Center for Global Development, 3-2008, “Global warming and agriculture” Finance and Development, the quarterly publication of the IMF March 2008,. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2008/03/cline.htm For that reason, this study (Cline, 2007) was undertaken both to get a better long-term fix on overall world effects under current policies (the so-called baseline or business-as-usual scenario) and to understand the likely impact on individual countries and regions. The time frame stretched out to the average for 2070–99, what is called the "2080s." Climate model projections are available on a comparable basis for this period, which is far enough in the future to allow sizable warming and potential damage to materialize but close enough to the present to elicit public concern. …… But we do know that this phenomenon does not much help C4 crops (such as sugar-cane and maize), which account for about one-fourth of all crops by value.
1/5/14
2AC- Slim Shady- RD1
Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 1 | Opponent: Interlake-Slim Isaac | Judge: Goldberg Case Blindly engaging in one methodology falls short. Institutional debate about these issues creates the possibility for difference Lander, Central University of Venezuela Professor, 2k (Edgardo, Sociologist, Venezuelan, professor at the Central University of Venezuela and a Fellow of the Transnational Institute, 2000, Nepantla: Views from South, Volume 1, Issue 3, “Eurocentrism and Colonialism in Latin American Social Thought”, pp. 519-523, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/nepantla/summary/v001/1.3lander.html, Accessed 7/5/13, JB)
These debates create possibilities for new intellectual strategies to address the challenges posed by the crisis of modernity for Latin American critical theory. In view of the fact that “we are at a point in our work …….. Americans who work in North American universities (Escobar 1995; Mignolo 1996a,1996b; Coronil 1996, 1997).
There’s a moral obligation to act against injustice even when our words won’t have an effect Filice 90 (Carlo, Asst Prof of Philosophy @ State University of New York, On the Obligation to Keep Informed about Distant Atrocities, Geneseo, Human Rights Quarterly, Aug, Vol. 12, No. 3. p. 397-414) Objection 111: Help only those you can, i.e., your neighbors. ……… As I have argued, however, the need for intelligence in one's efforts must not collapse into the need to limit one's focus to parochial matters.
QPQ A. Counter Interpretation; Economic engagement includes both explicit quid pro quos and unconditional strategies. Kahler, Professor of Political Science at UC San Diego and Kastner, Professor of Gov’t and Politics @ U of Maryland, 6 (Miles and Scott, “Strategic Uses of Interdependence”, www.bsos.umd.edu/gvpt/kastner/KahlerKastner.doc? , Accessed 7/7/13 GAL)
Scholars have usefully distinguished between …. transforming agent that helps to reshape the goals of the target state.
a. Of motion (or action figured as motion): In the direction of; so as to approach (but not necessarily reach: thus differing from to prep. 1).
“Its” means belonging to it or that thing Oxford English Dictionary, 1989 (second edition, online)
Its A. As adj. poss. pron. Of or belonging to it, or that thing (L. ejus); also refl., Of or belonging to itself, its own (L. suus). The reflexive is often more fully its own, for which in earlier times the own, it own, were used: see OWN.
We have an embedded critique of your definition of economic engagement – the devaluing of our type of engagement is how low-income communities are cast out from development and the project of modernity. Community Economies Collective 01 (Brian Bannon, Carole Biewener, Jeff Boulet, Ken Byrne, Jenny Cameron, Gabriela Delgadillo, Rebecca Forest, Katherine Gibson, Julie Graham, Stephen Healy, Greg Horvath, Beth Rennekamp, et. al) 2001 “IMAGINING AND ENACTING NONCAPITALIST FUTURES” Socialist Review, Vol 28, Nos. 3 + 4 online @ http://www.communityeconomies.org/papers/rethink/rethinkp2imagining31.pdf I am interested in imagining alternative approaches to economic development in South Holyoke and in inner-city neighborhoods generally. Such neighborhoods usually have a high percentage of low-income, female-headed, single-parent households. …… Where the mainstream sees absence or emptiness, we see presence and fullness. Apoc Rhetoric
Focusing on government policy-making is productive – critical approaches can’t resolve real world problems McClean, Mollow College Philosophy Professor, 01 David E., Adjunct Professor of Philosophy, Molloy College, New York, 2001 “The Cultural Left and the Limits of Social Hope,” Presented at the 2001 Annual Conference of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy, Available Online at www.american-philosophy.org/archives/past_conference_programs/pc2001/Discussion20papers/david_mcclean.htm, JMP, Accessed on July 5, 2013)SP Yet for some reason, at least partially explicated in Richard Rorty's Achieving Our Country, a book that I think is long overdue ……… philosophers and culture critics with their snobish disrespect for the so-called "managerial class."
This brings us neatly finally to the third problem with PWG: politics. …. But beyond the environmentalist camp, this message will not work. In the face of the biggest collective challenge that humanity has faced, we need a narrative that has the human potential to solve problems, and overcome apparently unbeatable odds, at its heart.
No Prior Questions- if the future is uncertain, we must do everything we can to intervene. Kurasawa, Professor of Sociology at the York University of Toronto, 4 Fuyuki, 2004, Blackwell Publishing, “Cautionary Tales: The Global Culture of Prevention and the Work of Foresight”, http://www.yorku.ca/kurasawa/Kurasawa20Articles/Constellations20Article.pdf, pp. 457-458, accessed 7-19-13, HG
In addition, farsightedness has become a priority in world affairs due to the appearance of new global threats and the resurgence of ‘older’ ones …..
As such, the establishment of a capacity for early warning is the first aspect of the question that we need to tackle.
Policy analysis should precede discourse – most effective way to challenge power Taft-Kaufman ’95 Jill Taft-Kaufman, Speech prof @ CMU, 1995, Southern Comm. Journal, Spring, v. 60, Iss. 3, “Other Ways”, p pq The postmodern passwords of "polyvocality," "Otherness," and "difference," ….. institutions, agencies, and the budgets that fuel them.
Apocalyptic rhetoric motivates environmentalism. Salvador and Norton 11 (Michael Salvador - Michael Salvador is an Associate Professor in the Edward R. Murrow College of Communication at Washington State University and Todd Norton - Todd Norton is an Assistant Professor in the Edward R. Murrow College of Communication at Washington State University, “The Flood Myth in the Age of Global Climate Change,” 2/18/11, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2010.544749) Gangeezy
For Killingsworth and Palmer (1996), use of apocalyptic rhetoric has shifted in response to …. by prefacing the solution with a future scenario of what could happen if action is not taken, if the problem goes untreated’’ (Killingsworth and Palmer, 1996, p. 22).
Perm solves- Combining a focus on discursive power with political practice is the only way to ensure solvency Giroux, 6. Henry (Penn State Chair of Education and Cultural Studies), Dirty Democracy and States of Terrorism: The Politics of the New Authoritarianism in the United States in Comparative Studies of South Asia Volume 26 Number 6, p 176-177.
Abstracted from the ideal of public commitment, the new authoritarianism represents a political and economic practice and form of militarism that loosen the connections among substantive democracy, critical agency, …… —but it is within that circle that human hopes and the chances of humanity are inscribed, and can be nowhere else.
The inclusion of hypothetical impact scenarios supercharges the deliberative process by providing a normative means of assessing consequences Larsen and Ostling 9 (Katarina Larsen, a KTH – Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Philosophy and History of Technology, Division of History of Science and Technology, Teknikringen 76, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, Ulrika Gunnarsson-Östling, KTH – Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Planning and Environment, Division of Environmental Strategies Research, Drottning Kristinas väg 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, “Climate change scenarios and citizen-participation: Mitigation and adaptation perspectives in constructing sustainable futures,” Volume 33, Issue 3, July 2009, Pages 260–266, Science Direct)
In constructing normative scenarios a set of images are generated illustrating future ways of living, travelling and consuming products and services …. However, similar reasoning about legitimacy of these processes suggests that people who are not allowed (by some reason) to take part in the process might not experience the result as legitimate. Thus, the external legitimacy might be low.
1AR
Ableism creates real, psychoemotional, systemic, and culture forms of violence- this leads to loss of vtl and outweigh all other impacts Goodley, Manchester Metropolitan University Professor of Psychology and Disability, and Runswick-Cole, Manchester Metropolitan University Research Associate, 11 (Dan and Katherine, no full date given, Sociology of Health and Illness, "The violence of disablism," 33:4, p. 605-606, EBSCOhost Health Source Nursing Academic Edition, CNM) In the article we explore four types of violence; real, psychoemotional, systemic and cultural. Each of these overlap with one another …. Cultural, social and psychical forms of violence against disabled people reflect often subtle, mundane and everyday encounters with disablism.
1/5/14
2AC-Bingham-RD 3
Tournament: Alta | Round: 3 | Opponent: Bingham | Judge: Givan T A. Counter Interpretation; Economic engagement includes infrastructure development and technical assistance. Daily News 7 ("India attaches highest importance to Lankan ties," 1/26, http://www.dailynews.lk/2007/01/26/news33.asp Accessed 7/7/13)
Bilateral economic and commercial relations between India and Sri Lanka are multi-faceted. …. technical training and extension of lines of credit. Hardt and Negri
A.) Philosophically analyzing the aff and policy actions are not pragmatic and will lead to stalemate in the impending collapse of civilization- we have a moral obligation to act pragmatically- now is key to act- we’re the only policy that can solve Scranton, 11/10 (Roy, Department of English at Princeton University, joined the English Department in 2010. His interestsinclude the literature and cultures of war, 20th-century American literature, and the rhetoric and practice of experimental literature, His scholarship and essays have been published or are forthcoming in Contemporary Literature, Theory and Event, the New York Times, Boston Review, Bookforum, and elsewhere. He has also published fiction in Prairie Schooner, Epiphany, and LIT. He is co-editor of Fire and Forget: Short Stories from the Long War (Da Capo, 2013), an anthology of literary fiction by veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan. 11/10/13, The New York Times, “Learning How to Die in the Anthropocene,” http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/10/learning-how-to-die-in-the-anthropocene/?_r=1and, Accessed: 11/13/13, LPS.)
Geological time scales, civilizational collapse and species extinction give rise to profound problems that humanities scholars and academic philosophers, with their taste for fine-grained analysis, … If we want to learn to live in the Anthropocene, we must first learn how to die.¶
It is not a problem for the Third World that more and more diseases have been made curable in the Western world. …. on condition that the patents are preserved so that they can maintain full prices in wealthier countries.
…. This often results in lower prices and high performance. When competition allows market forces to prevail, leading technology companies can offer the best products to the widest audiences.
3. Capitalism key to environment Taylor ,director of natural resource studies at CATO,2003 (Jerry ,April 22, Happy Earth Day? Thank Capitalism, http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=3073)
Indeed, we wouldn't even have environmentalists in our midst were it not for capitalism. Environmental amenities, after all, are luxury goods. America -- like much of the Third World today – …… Capitalism can save more lives threatened by environmental pollution than all the environmental organizations combined.
4. Capitalism reduces likelihood of war Griswold ,director of the Cato Institute Center for Trade Policy Studies,2005 (Daniel, December 28, Happy Earth Day? Thank Capitalism, http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=3073)
First, trade and globalization have reinforced the trend toward democracy, and democracies don't pick fights with each other. ….. In large part because of their intertwined economies, a general war in Europe is now unthinkable.
Fear from failed attempts at intervention is only an excuse to avoid our moral obligation Edwards No Date (Moral Obligation or Neo-Imperialism?¶ A Helping Hand: Moral Obligation or Neo-Imperialism?¶ By Glenn Edwards a first-year Politics, Psychology, and Sociology student at Pembroke College. Cambridge University United Nations Association¶ http://groupspaces.com/cuuna/pages/moral-obligation-or-neo-imperialismAR)
Gone are the days of international power politics. …. The spotlight rests firmly on the UN Security Council. Its future could be at stake, along with the lives of ordinary Libyans.
¶ WASHINGTON, D.C. – …… , where they can sign up for e-mail updates and for his Facebook, Twitter and YouTube pages.
Plan popular- empirics prove- Dehaven, 10/29 (Tad, a budget analyst on federal and state budget issues for the Cato Institute. Previously he was a deputy director of the Indiana Office of Management and Budget. DeHaven also worked as a budget policy advisor to Senators Jeff Sessions (R-AL) and Tom Coburn (R-OK), 10/29/13, The Cato Institute, “Water Infrastructure Bill: Bipartisanship Lives!,” http://www.cato.org/blog/water-infrastructure-bill-bipartisanship-lives, Accessed: 12/3/13, LPS.)
Last week, the Republican-controlled House overwhelmingly passed a water infrastructure bill with only three members (two Republicans and one Democrat) voting against. …… Taxpayers for Common Sense completely undermines that claim (see here).
“I’ve made it clear that the House is going to leave next Friday,” Boehner said. “You all know me pretty well: I say what I mean, and I mean what I say.”
¶ H.R. 3080 was introduced in the House by Transportation and Infrastructure (TandI) Committee Chairman Bill Shuster (PA-9) and was co-sponsored by U.S. Rep. Scott Perry (PA-4), …. while supporting effective and targeted flood protection and environmental restoration needs.
10. Budget and CIR are priorities and tons of other agenda items thump the DA Lightman, 12/2 (David, a reporter based in Washington, D.C. He covers Congress and politics for McClatchy Newspapers, 12/2/13, McClatchy Washington Bureau, Congress returns from Thanksgiving break, but agenda so far is slim, http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2013/12/02/210239/congress-returns-from-thanksgiving.html, Accessed: 12/3/13, LPS.)
Congress returns Monday, sort of.¶ The House of Representatives plans floor sessions today through Thursday afternoon, while the Senate is not back until next Monday …. fittings, fixtures, solder, and flux (Sponsored by Rep. Bill Johnson / Energy and Commerce Committee)
12/7/13
2AC-Carrollton- RD 7
Tournament: Alta | Round: 7 | Opponent: Carrollton | Judge: Lucas-Bolin Case The drug war is not declining and will not end unless there is cooperation. Hornberger, founder and president of The Future of Freedom Foundation, 7/18 Jacob, 7/18/13, MWC News, “Is the Drug War now Over?,” http://mwcnews.net/focus/politics/28714-drug-war-over.html, 7/19/13, JZ
Young people have no idea that people who have grown up with the drug war have heard all the Trevino-type buzz before …. They need each other, which is why both sides want the drug war to keep going and going and going.
MX politics
Reform won’t lead to decentralization of energy- means they can’t solve the impact- Graham and Martinez, 12/7 (David Senior Correspondent at Reuters, and Ana Isabel, Reuters Staff, 12/7/13, Reuters, “UPDATE 4-Mexico nears energy bill, oil to remain in state hands,” http://in.reuters.com/article/2013/12/07/mexico-reforms-idINL2N0JL0RW20131207, Accessed: 12/7/13, LPS.)
Dec 6 (Reuters) - Mexican senators on Friday neared agreement on a bill that would allow private investors to drill for oil and market the country's black gold, …. stressing that it will not put ownership of the country's oil wealth in private hands.
A deal hinges on talks between Pena Nieto's Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and the conservative National Action Party ….. the PAN wants an autonomous body. 4. Winners win- Nieto needs policy victories to get majority on board. Farnsworth Council of the Americas VP and Werz Center for American Progress Senior Fellow 12 Eric, 11/30/12, Center for American Progress, “The United States and Mexico: The Path Forward”, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/news/2012/11/30/46430/the-united-states-and-mexico-the-path-forward/, accessed 6/27/13, ALT
The fate of the reform agenda will arguably be the new president’s greatest and most immediate test. …. And the to-do list for the United States is extensive, but it is largely focused on economic policy and immigration reform.
5. The Link is Non-Unique—Other issues take president, despite Nieto’s indication that energy is first on the agenda Bolton, Council on Hemispheric Affairs Research Fellow, 13 Gene, Council on Hemispheric Affairs, March 12th 2013, “Off and Running — Peña Nieto’s Domestic Agenda,” http://www.coha.org/21851/, Accessed 6/28/13, CB Education reform was Peña Nieto’s first priority when he entered into office last December; a surprising development ….
6 However, this assertion is incorrect, and the president will not be able to ride on the laurels of Gordillo’s arrest in order to advance the rest of his domestic agenda.
Iran sanctions
Failure to pass sanctions leads to nuclear conflict with Russia and China- that goes global Associated Press, 11/14 (Associated Press, 11/14/13, Press TV, “Global nuclear conflict between US, Russia, China likely if Iran talks fail,” http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2013/11/13/334544/global-nuclear-war-likely-if-iran-talks-fail/, Accessed: 10/15/13, LPS.) ¶ A global conflict between the US, Russia, and China is likely in the coming months should the world powers fail to reach a nuclear deal with Iran, …. The analyst also noted that Israel and Saudi Arabia are “the usual suspects,” which are “working hand in hand to try to prevent” an interim nuclear agreement with Iran.
2. Failure to pass sanctions leads to Middle Eastern prolif- that’s the most likely scenario for a full blown nuclear war UN News Centre, 10/1 (UN News Centre, 10/1/13, “At UN, Israel insists tough sanctions must remain to deter Iranian nuclear threat,” http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=46167andCr=general+debateandCr1=#.Ukx_DutQ1NI, Accessed: 10/2/13, LPS.)
¶ 1 October 2013 – Addressing the United Nations today, …. “It would make the spectre of nuclear terrorism a clear and present danger.”
WASHINGTON — As early as next week the U.S. Congress could approve tough new sanctions on Iran. … And now some members of Congress want to put even more economic pressure on Tehran by approving a new round of sanctions.
President Barack Obama says more time is needed for diplomacy …… “As we have seen with Iran, it frequently has violated its own pledges in the past so this deal could go up in smoke in the course of the next six months,” he said. 7. Plan is massively popular- empirics prove- no Mexico perception links- Associated Press, 10/24 (Associated Press,10/24/13, Congressman Scott Perry, “U.S. House Approves Bipartisan Water Infrastructure Bill,” http://perry.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/us-house-approves-bipartisan-water-infrastructure-bill, Accessed: 12/3/13, LPS.)
¶ WASHINGTON, D.C. – The U.S. House approved bipartisan legislation ….. , where they can sign up for e-mail updates and for his Facebook, Twitter and YouTube pages. 8. PC theory is wrong – winners win Hirsh, National Journal Chief Correspondent, 13 – National Journal chief correspondent, citing various political scientists Michael, former Newsweek senior correspondent, "There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital," National Journal, 2-9-13, www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207, accessed 2-8-13, mss The idea of political capital—or mandates, or momentum—is so poorly defined that presidents and pundits often get it wrong ….. “It is a controllable fact of political life.” Johnson had the skill and wherewithal to realize that, at that moment of history, he could have unlimited coinage if he handled the politics right. He did. (At least until Vietnam, that is.)
¶ H.R. 3080 was introduced in the House by Transportation and Infrastructure (TandI) … while supporting effective and targeted flood protection and environmental restoration needs. 12. Budget and CIR are priorities and tons of other agenda items thump the DA Lightman, 12/2 (David, a reporter based in Washington, D.C. He covers Congress and politics for McClatchy Newspapers, 12/2/13, McClatchy Washington Bureau, Congress returns from Thanksgiving break, but agenda so far is slim, http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2013/12/02/210239/congress-returns-from-thanksgiving.html, Accessed: 12/3/13, LPS.)
Congress returns Monday, sort of.¶ ….. (Sponsored by Rep. Bill Johnson / Energy and Commerce Committee) 14. The plan increases Obama’s political capital- means he can sustain diplomacy efforts on Iran Hammond, 11/28 (Andrew, formerly US Analyst at Oxford Analytica, and a Special Adviser in the Government of Tony Blair, Daily Egypt News, “Iranian breakthrough and Obama foreign policy success,” http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/11/28/iranian-breakthrough-and-obama-foreign-policy-success/, Accessed: 11/29/13, LPS.)
The landmark Iranian deal, combined with continued uncertainty in Syria and Egypt, has refocused Washington’s attention towards the Middle East in a manner unanticipated by Obama only a few months ago. In particular, the intense polarisation and gridlock of Washington.
50 States
No jurisdiction – federal government has authority over offshore drilling – the counterplan can’t solve for any of our drilling advantages or relations because it doesn’t have authority to act Energy Information Administration Office of Oil and Gas, 5 September, Overview of U.S. Legislation and Regulations Affecting Offshore Natural Gas and Oil Activity, http://www.eia.gov/pub/oil_gas/natural_gas/feature_articles/2005/offshore/offshore.pdf, p. 4-5, accessed 7-19-13
Who Has Jurisdiction Over Offshore Regions?
…. OCSLA was amended six times to account for changing issues. It remains the cornerstone of offshore legislation to this day (see next section).
Fresh water is key to prevent water wars, transbouandry agreements solve. Jarvis, Institute for Water and Watersheds, Oregon State University, 2010 Todd, 3/16/13, Journal of Ground Water, “Water Wars, War of the Well, and Guerilla Well-fare,” http://www.kysq.org/docs/Water_Wars_War_of_the_Well.pdf, 12/1/13, JAZ
To get a feel for how sensationalist the term¶ ….. reduce environmental¶ degradation, and achieve economic growth.
1AR
States Perm Do Both solves- Federal Pre-emption key to effective state regulation Ruth 10(Corporate Law Scholar and Professor of Law, 10 Mason, “Federalism and the Taxing Power,”12-1 http://www.californialawreview.org/assets/pdfs/99-4/02_Mason.pdf, pg. 994, accessed 7-9) When comparing the federalism impact of various modes of federal regulation, it is important to note that conditional grants do not cut states out of the regulatory process entirely.
…… . In this way, federal tax incentives may be federalism-preserving compared to grants.
States have no jurisdiction—interstate commerce CRS 12 Inland Waterways: Recent Proposals and Issues for Congress Charles V. Stern Analyst in Natural Resources Policy April 12, 2012, Congressional Research Report
The Inland Waterway System predates the founding of the nation itself. Before the onset of rail and highway transport, ….. but these waterways remain a significant component in the nation’s transportation mix for many bulk commodities.
States lack the necessary capacity and planning and fight over investment The Economist 11 (04/28, “America's transport infrastructure: Life in the slow lane,” http://www.economist.com/node/18620944)
Formula-determined block grants to states are, at least, designed to leave important decisions to local authorities. But the formulas used to allocate the money shape infrastructure planning in a remarkably block-headed manner. ….. but New Jersey faced cost overruns that in a better system should have been shared with other potential beneficiaries all along the north-eastern corridor. Regional planning could help to avoid problems like this.
NON UNIQUE: Growth is sustainable – There is an incentive to preserve resources – high prices will eventually curb consumption – that will trigger a mindset shift towards sustainability without collapse Cudd, 11 (Ann E., Professor of Philosophy, Associate Dean for Humanities, University of Kansas, “Capitalism, For and Against - A Feminist Debate,” Cambridge University Press, Section 3, accessed 7-10-12 BLE) I agree with Professor Holmstrom that we should be very concerned with pollution, and particularly with climate change AND the good are willing to pay the price that reflects the relative scarcity of the good and the expense of preserving it. The ability to own a competing resource privately and sell it means that alternatives can be cultivated as well, which removes some of the pressure from the more scarce, and therefore more expensive, privately owned good.
Even if transition was possible, it causes environmental degradation, continual resource conflict, poverty, and war Barnhizer 6 (David, Professor Emeritus of Law at Cleveland State University, “Waking From Sustainability’s Impossible Dream: The Decision-making Realities of Business and Government,” Georgetown International Environmental Law Review Vol. 18, March 2006, pg. 22, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=878405#23) PCS
“Small is beautiful” has become an impossible dream for all but a few communities. The process of impossibility is driven by population growth AND in specific contexts and, while seeking efficiency and conservation, place economic and social justice high on a list of priorities.
Progress is inevitable- this debate should be about presenting a positive view of the future, negative portrayals stall problem solving Aligica 3 (Paul, Adjunct Fellow at the Hudson Institute, faculty fellow at the James Buchanan Center for Political Economy at George Mason University, “The Great Transition and the Social Limits to Growth,” The Hudson Institute, April 21, 2003, http://rs.reviewhudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_detailsandid=2827) PCS
An important part of Herman Kahn's efforts was dedicated to the way the challenge put by the limits to growth movement should be dealt with. AND (Kahn, 1976, 210). Kahn was convinced that it is easier to mobilize society around a positive rather than a negative image. Moreover "if the negative image is largely inaccurate and morale-eroding as well, it could be destructive if widely disseminated" (Kahn, 1976, 210).
T-QPQ A. Counter Interpretation; Economic engagement includes both explicit quid pro quos and unconditional strategies. Kahler, Professor of Political Science at UC San Diego and Kastner, Professor of Gov’t and Politics @ U of Maryland, 6 (Miles and Scott, “Strategic Uses of Interdependence”, www.bsos.umd.edu/gvpt/kastner/KahlerKastner.doc? , Accessed 7/7/13 GAL)
Scholars have usefully distinguished between two types of economic engagement: conditional policies that require an explicit quid-pro-quo on the part of the target country, AND a transforming agent that helps to reshape the goals of the target state. CIR
Realtions inev-no war Joshi 13 Yogesh, doctoral student in international politics at the Center for International Politics, Organization and Disarmament (CIPOD), School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi studying post-Cold War transitions in Indian foreign policy. He is a CSIS-Pacific Forum young leader and also represented India at Global Zero World Summits in Paris (2010) and London (2011). Recently, he joined the steering committee of the International Network of Emerging Nuclear Specialists (INENS) as a career and professional development liaison, 03/01, “U.S.-India Relations: New Delhi's Responsibility,” http://www.diplomaticourier.com/news/regions/brics/1372-us-india-relations-new-delhis-responsibility While the U.S. presidential candidates were slugging it out during the debates on foreign policy, India remained conspicuously absent from the narrative. AND Similarly, India remains cagey about consummating the military component of its strategic relationship with the U.S. insofar it wants to keep China in good humour.
1) Non-unique --- CIR wont pass Jordan Fabian, Political Editor, ABC News-Univision, http://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/house-handle-immigration-reform-analysis/story?id=20587483, 10/16/12 House Speaker John Boehner (R-Ohio) has made every effort to placate rebellious Tea Party elements within the House GOP, yet he has still struggled to form majorities around major pieces of legislation. That’s been the main reason for the holdup on immigration.. But The Senate’s immigration bill likely has the votes -- between Democrats and a handful of Republicans -- to pass the House Boehner has refused to violate the unwritten “Hastert Rule," under which legislation must have the support AND That makes it even less likely that he will roll them over to pass a bill that’s at the top of President Obama’s list of domestic priorities
2) PC theory is wrong – winners win Hirsh, National Journal Chief Correspondent, 13 – National Journal chief correspondent, citing various political scientists Michael, former Newsweek senior correspondent, "There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital," National Journal, 2-9-13, www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207, accessed 2-8-13, mss The idea of political capital—or mandates, or momentum—is so poorly defined that presidents and pundits often get it wrong. On Tuesday, in his State of the Union address, President Obama will do what every president does this time of year. For about 60 minutes, he will lay out a sprawling and ambitious wish list highlighted by gun control and immigration reform, climate change and debt reduction. In response, the pundits will do what they always do this time of year: They will talk about how unrealistic most of the proposals are, discussions often informed by sagacious reckonings of how much “political capital” Obama possesses to push his program through. Most of this talk will have no bearing on what actually happens over the next four years. Consider this: Three months ago, just before the November election, if someone had talked seriously about Obama having enough political capital to oversee passage of both immigration reform and gun-control legislation at the beginning of his second term—even after winning the election by 4 percentage points and 5 million votes (the actual final tally)—this person would have been called crazy and stripped of his pundit’s license. (It doesn’t exist, but it ought to.) In his first term, in a starkly polarized country, the president had been so frustrated by GOP resistance that he finally issued a limited executive order last August permitting immigrants who entered the country illegally as children to work without fear of deportation for at least two years. Obama didn’t dare to even bring up gun control, a Democratic “third rail” that has cost the party elections and that actually might have been even less popular on the right than the president’s health care law. And yet, for reasons that have very little to do with Obama’s personal prestige or popularity—variously put in terms of a “mandate” or “political capital”—chances are fair that both will now happen. What changed? In the case of gun control, of course, it wasn’t the election. It was the horror of the 20 first-graders who were slaughtered in Newtown, Conn., in mid-December. The sickening reality of little girls and boys riddled with bullets from a high-capacity assault weapon seemed to precipitate a sudden tipping point in the national conscience. One thing changed after another. Wayne LaPierre of the National Rifle Association marginalized himself with poorly chosen comments soon after the massacre. The pro-gun lobby, once a phalanx of AND Johnson had the skill and wherewithal to realize that, at that moment of history, he could have unlimited coinage if he handled the politics right. He did. (At least until Vietnam, that is.)
3) The plan is bipartisan — strong GOP support Troyan Gannett News Washington correspondent, 5/30/13 Mary Orndorff Troyan, Washington correspondent at Gannett, BA in journalism from Auburn University, 2013 (“Rep. Duncan Backs Offshore Drilling Deal with Mexico,” Gannett, Gannett Washington Bureau, News, 5-30-13, Available Online at http://www.wltx.com/news/article/238607/2/Rep-Duncan-Backs-Offshore-Drilling-Deal-with-Mexico, Accessed on June 29, 2013)SP
WASHINGTON- About 1.5 million acres along the U.S.-Mexico maritime border would open to oil and gas drilling under an agreement negotiated by the administration and championed by a conservative Republican from South Carolina. AND If approved by the House, the legislation will move to the Senate.
4) Link Non-Unique- Obama increasing energy cooperation now with Mexico via electrical connections State Department 13 May 06, 2013, Smartgrid.com, “President Obama and Leaders of Mexico and Central America Expand Low Carbon Electricity Cooperation” http://smart-grid.tmcnet.com/news/2013/05/06/7113437.htm, accessed 7/1/13 EYS
President Obama and Leaders of Mexico and Central America Expand Low Carbon Electricity Cooperation Fact Sheet Office of the Spokesperson Washington, DC May 4, 2013 During his May 2-4 visit to Mexico and Costa Rica, AND and *Nevada's Ormat Technologies, Inc. will soon break ground on a 35 MW geothermal plant -- Honduras' first. Ormat also operates and plans to expand on plants in Guatemala. 8 Capital’s not sufficient to pass immigration reform Soto 13, Dr. Victoria M. DeFrancesco Soto, NBC Latino and MSNBC contributor, Senior Analyst for Latino Decisions and Fellow at the Center for Politics and Governance at the LBJ School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas, at Austin, “Opinion: Immigration reform will not be easy, but it’s not impossible,” January 4th, http://nbclatino.com/2013/01/04/opinion-immigration-reform-will-not-be-easy-but-its-not-impossible/ Unlike in his first administration, the president seems to be on board and ready for rolling up his sleeves and getting into immigration reform, AND prevent the president from crossing off immigration reform from his 2013 to-do list. XO Permutation- Do the counterplan
Congress can and will overturn Obama’s executive orders Ritz, The Blaze, 1-2-13 (Erica, The Blaze, “WHICH OBAMA EXECUTIVE ORDER DID THE HOUSE OVERWHELMINGLY OVERTURN YESTERDAY?,” Accessed- 7-9-13, RRR)
President Barack Obama made waves last Friday when — amid a fierce fiscal cliff debate — he signed an executive order ending the pay freeze on certain federal workers. AND The measure received immense bipartisan support, passing 287-129, with 55 Democrats voting with Republicans against the president’s proposal.
Unpopular XOs have political consequences and spark massive congressional backlash Risen, Managing editor of Democracy: A Journal of Ideas, 4 Clay, , M.A. from the University of Chicago “The Power of the Pen: The Not-So-Secret Weapon of Congress-wary Presidents” The American Prospect, July 16, http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=the_power_of_the_pen The most effective check on executive orders has proven to be political. AND But the overwhelmingly negative public reaction forced Bush to quickly withdraw his proposal--and it painted him indelibly as an anti-environmental president.
CAP Focusing on government policy-making is productive – critical approaches can’t resolve real world problems McClean, Mollow College Philosophy Professor, 01 David E., Adjunct Professor of Philosophy, Molloy College, New York, 2001 “The Cultural Left and the Limits of Social Hope,” Presented at the 2001 Annual Conference of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy, Available Online at www.american-philosophy.org/archives/past_conference_programs/pc2001/Discussion20papers/david_mcclean.htm, JMP, Accessed on July 5, 2013)SP Yet for some reason, at least partially explicated in Richard Rorty's Achieving Our Country, a book that I think is long overdue, AND This might help keep us from being slapped down in debates by true policy pros who actually know what they are talking about but who lack awareness of the dogmatic assumptions from which they proceed, and who have not yet found a good reason to listen to jargon-riddled lectures from philosophers and culture critics with their snobish disrespect for the so-called "managerial class."
Violence has massively decreased because of econ growth/modernization/interdependence- best data proves Gat ‘13 (AZAR GAT, DPhil in History (University of Oxford, 1986); Ezer Weitzman Professor of National Security, Political Science Department, Tel Aviv University; recent books: War in Human Civilization (Oxford University Press, 2006); Victorious and Vulnerable: Why Democracy Won in the 20th Century and How It Is Still Imperiled (Hoover Institution, Rowman and Littlefield, 2010); Nations: The Long History and Deep Roots of Political Ethnicity and Nationalism (Cambridge University Press, 2013). Is war declining – and why? Azar Gat? Department of Political Science, University of Tel Aviv azargat@post.tau.ac.il , March 19th 2013)
When quite a number of scholars simultaneously and independently AND Referring to my argument in this regard, Levy and Thompson (2011: 72–75) excused themselves from deciding on the issue on the grounds of insufficient information regarding the cost of premodern war. But as already noted, the information on the subject is quite clear.
The alt fails, causes transition conflicts, requires totalitarianism, and flips their impacts Aligica ‘3 (fellow at the Mercatus Center, George Mason University, and Adjunct Fellow at the Hudson Institute (Paul, 4/21. “The Great Transition and the Social Limits to Growth: Herman Kahn on Social Change and Global Economic Development”, April 21, http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_detailsandid=2827)
Stopping things would mean if not to engage in an experiment to change the human nature, at least in an equally difficult experiment in altering powerful cultural forces: AND Ultimately "it is precisely this position the one that increases the potential for the kinds of disasters which most at its advocates are trying to avoid" (Kahn, 1976, 210; 1984).
And neoliberalism is inevitable—if we don’t spread our economy, China or Iran will- that’s Cerna 11
AND it’s sustainable- Newest studies prove growth will help solve the environmental crisis Sari and Soytas ‘9 (Ramazan and Ugur, Dept. of Business Administration, Middle East Technical University, “Are global warming and economic growth compatible? Evidence from ?ve OPEC countries?,” Applied Energy, Volume 86, pg. 1887-1893, ScienceDirect)
The recent studies on the other hand improved our understanding in at least two ways. Firstly, the empirical studies may be suffering from omitted variables AND no policy action is necessary.
This brings us neatly finally to the third problem with PWG: politics. Jackson does have some discussion of the need for our old favourite “political will” towards the end of the book, and there are some examples of concrete ideas (e.g. shorter working week, ban advertising aimed at children), AND No, we can’t”. But beyond the environmentalist camp, this message will not work. In the face of the biggest collective challenge that humanity has faced, we need a narrative that has the human potential to solve problems, and overcome apparently unbeatable odds, at its heart.
Perm solves- The State Department is functionally normal means Meyer, analyst in Latin American, and Sullivan, Specialist in Latin American Affairs, 12 (Peter J., analyst in Latin American Affairs, Mark P., Specialist in Latin American Affairs, 6/26/12, “Congressional Research Service, CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and ¶ the Caribbean: Recent Trends and FY2013 Appropriations,” http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42582.pdf, P. 1, Accessed: 7/2/13, LPS.)
This report is an overview of U.S. assistan¶ ce to Latin America and the Caribbean. It briefly ¶ examines historical and recent trends in aid to the region. AND the end of the ¶ Central American civil conflicts, and the spread of electoral democracy throughout the region.
The CP can’t solve- the State Department can’t act alone- the three branches are key to US State Department Action US Department of State, 13 (US Department of State, US Department of State Diplomacy in Action, “Bureau of Legislative Affairs” http://www.state.gov/s/h/, Accessed: 7/4/13, LPS.)
¶ The Bureau of Legislative Affairs (H) coordinates legislative activity for the Department of State and advises the Secretary, the Deputy, AND directs the Bureau of Legislative Affairs, and acts as the Department's principal liaison with the Congress.
# Main Entry: 1re·solve # Pronunciation: \ri-?zälv, -?zo?lv also -?zäv or -?zo?v\ # Function: verb # Inflected Form(s): AND determine 3 : consult, deliberate
Should means desirable or recommended, not mandatory Words and Phrases, 2002 (“Words and Phrases: Permanent Edition” Vol. 39 Set to Signed. Pub. By Thomson West. P. 372-373)
Or. 1952. Where safety regulation for sawmill industry providing that a two by two inch guard rail should AND Baldassarre v. West Oregon Lumber Co., 239 P.2d 839, 193 Or. 556.---Labor and Emp. 2857
2.Blackouts lead to meltdowns at nuclear reactors Earth Issues, 2011 (“Experts: Move to protect nuke plants from solar flare damage,” March 5, http://www.earth-issues.com/2011/03/experts-move-to-protect-nuke-plants-from-solar-flare-damage/) Nuclear power plants are not themselves self-powered and require a tie-in to the electric power grid to operate. AND Its general manager, Kenneth Badaracco, said the plant will turn out “something less than 100? transformers a year costing between $3 million and $5 million each.
CIR
1) 1. Relations inevitable, there’s no impact, and they don’t solve Joshi 13 Yogesh, doctoral student in international politics at the Center for International Politics, Organization and Disarmament (CIPOD), School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi studying post-Cold War transitions in Indian foreign policy. He is a CSIS-Pacific Forum young leader and also represented India at Global Zero World Summits in Paris (2010) and London (2011). Recently, he joined the steering committee of the International Network of Emerging Nuclear Specialists (INENS) as a career and professional development liaison, 03/01, “U.S.-India Relations: New Delhi's Responsibility,” http://www.diplomaticourier.com/news/regions/brics/1372-us-india-relations-new-delhis-responsibility While the U.S. presidential candidates were slugging it out during the debates on foreign policy, India remained conspicuously absent from the narrative.
AND
Similarly, India remains cagey about consummating the military component of its strategic relationship with the U.S. insofar it wants to keep China in good humour. 3. Will not pass Steve Benon, producer of the Rachel Maddow Show 10/18/13 09:36 http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/gop-already-balking-new-immigration-push The push came on the heels of similar remarks from Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-Nev.), AND Presumably, then, that’s an outcome Republicans prefer to inflict on themselves?
5. Plan should have already triggered the link, Obama already pushing massive renewable projects Lederman 2013 (Josh; President Obama to expand Renewable Energy; June 25; www.abcactionnews.com/dpp/news/political/president-obama-to-expand-renewable-energy; kdf) WASHINGTON (AP) - President Barack
AND Environmental groups say Obama's most important step will be to launch a process to regulate carbon emissions from existing power plants. ¶ The groups were not authorized to discuss Obama's plan publicly and demanded anonymity. ¶ Obama will unveil his national climate plan Tuesday at Georgetown University.
Voters just love government investment in renewable energy — much more than their representatives in Washington, it seems. I was reading an analysis of the State of the Union Address based AND Some day, some masterful, Churchillian politician will figure this all out and lead the country toward true clean energy revolution. Some day.
7. PC theory is wrong – winners win Hirsh, National Journal Chief Correspondent, 13 – National Journal chief correspondent, citing various political scientists Michael, former Newsweek senior correspondent, "There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital," National Journal, 2-9-13, www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207, accessed 2-8-13, mss The idea of political capital—or mandates, or momentum— AND Johnson had the skill and wherewithal to realize that, at that moment of history, he could have unlimited coinage if he handled the politics right. He did. (At least until Vietnam, that is.)
10. Energy Department does the plan- no link to politics Hattem and Goad, 8/13 (Julian, Staff writer at the Hill Washington Correspondent at The Yomiuri Shimbun Reporting Intern at Huffington Post Investigative Fund Project Coordinator at Arete Fund and Ben, Reporter at The Press Enterprise, 8/26/13, The Hill, “REGULATION NATION: Obama bypassing Congress on climate,” http://thehill.com/blogs/regwatch/administration/318599-regulation-nation-obama-pins-climate-hopes-on-bypassing-congress Most of the climate initiative can be achieved without congressional backing, AND Supporters say that the Obama has no choice than to act through regulations, given the political landscape.
NEOLIB K Focusing on government policy-making is productive – critical approaches can’t resolve real world problems McClean, Mollow College Philosophy Professor, 01 David E., Adjunct Professor of Philosophy, Molloy College, New York, 2001 “The Cultural Left and the Limits of Social Hope,” Presented at the 2001 Annual Conference of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy, Available Online at www.american-philosophy.org/archives/past_conference_programs/pc2001/Discussion20papers/david_mcclean.htm, JMP, Accessed on July 5, 2013)SP Yet for some reason, at least partially explicated in Richard Rorty's Achieving Our Country, a book that I think is long overdue, AND This might help keep us from being slapped down in debates by true policy pros who actually know what they are talking about but who lack awareness of the dogmatic assumptions from which they proceed, and who have not yet found a good reason to listen to jargon-riddled lectures from philosophers and culture critics with their snobish disrespect for the so-called "managerial class."
Violence has massively decreased because of econ growth/modernization/interdependence- best data proves Gat ‘13 (AZAR GAT, DPhil in History (University of Oxford, 1986); Ezer Weitzman Professor of National Security, Political Science Department, Tel Aviv University; recent books: War in Human Civilization (Oxford University Press, 2006); Victorious and Vulnerable: Why Democracy Won in the 20th Century and How It Is Still Imperiled (Hoover Institution, Rowman and Littlefield, 2010); Nations: The Long History and Deep Roots of Political Ethnicity and Nationalism (Cambridge University Press, 2013). Is war declining – and why? Azar Gat? Department of Political Science, University of Tel Aviv azargat@post.tau.ac.il , March 19th 2013)
When quite a number of scholars simultaneously and independently AND Referring to my argument in this regard, Levy and Thompson (2011: 72–75) excused themselves from deciding on the issue on the grounds of insufficient information regarding the cost of premodern war. But as already noted, the information on the subject is quite clear.
The alt fails, causes transition conflicts, requires totalitarianism, and flips their impacts Aligica ‘3 (fellow at the Mercatus Center, George Mason University, and Adjunct Fellow at the Hudson Institute (Paul, 4/21. “The Great Transition and the Social Limits to Growth: Herman Kahn on Social Change and Global Economic Development”, April 21, http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_detailsandid=2827)
Stopping things would mean if not to engage in an experiment to change the human nature, at least in an equally difficult experiment in altering powerful cultural forces: AND Ultimately "it is precisely this position the one that increases the potential for the kinds of disasters which most at its advocates are trying to avoid" (Kahn, 1976, 210; 1984).
And neoliberalism is inevitable—if we don’t spread our economy, China or Iran will- that’s Cerna 11
AND it’s sustainable- Newest studies prove growth will help solve the environmental crisis Sari and Soytas ‘9 (Ramazan and Ugur, Dept. of Business Administration, Middle East Technical University, “Are global warming and economic growth compatible? Evidence from ?ve OPEC countries?,” Applied Energy, Volume 86, pg. 1887-1893, ScienceDirect)
The recent studies on the other hand improved our understanding in at least two ways. Firstly, the empirical studies may be suffering from omitted variables AND no policy action is necessary.
This brings us neatly finally to the third problem with PWG: politics. Jackson does have some discussion of the need for our old favourite “political will” towards the end of the book, and there are some examples of concrete ideas (e.g. shorter working week, ban advertising aimed at children), AND No, we can’t”. But beyond the environmentalist camp, this message will not work. In the face of the biggest collective challenge that humanity has faced, we need a narrative that has the human potential to solve problems, and overcome apparently unbeatable odds, at its heart.
1AR Cards
1) Non-unique --- CIR wont pass Jordan Fabian, Political Editor, ABC News-Univision, http://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/house-handle-immigration-reform-analysis/story?id=20587483, 10/16/12 House Speaker John Boehner (R-Ohio) has made every effort to placate rebellious Tea Party elements within the House GOP, yet he has still struggled to form majorities around major pieces of legislation. AND That makes it even less likely that he will roll them over to pass a bill that’s at the top of President Obama’s list of domestic priorities.
Plan popular- similar agreements have bi-part support Kasperowicz 6/27 (Peter; House votes to implement US-Mexico offshore energy deal; thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/house/308263-house-votes-to-implement-us-mexico-offshore-energy-deal; kdf) The House AND Several Democrats said during debate that they support the 2012 agreement between the U.S. and Mexico. But they pointed out that the legislation includes language that would waive a provision of Dodd-Frank that requires companies to disclose payments made to foreign governments. Winners win – plan is a win for Obama because he overcomes opposition Ornstein, American Enterprise Institute fellow and political analyst, 1993 (Norman J., Roll Call, “Clinton Can Still Emerge a Winner; Here's What to Do”, May 27, p. Online)
2. Winning comes to those who look like winners. AND will go unreported or will be played down because they will be seen as the exception that proves the rule of strength and competence.
11/12/13
2AC-Highland-RD4
Tournament: Tahoma | Round: 4 | Opponent: Highland | Judge: Tut T-Economic Engagement Economic engagement includes infrastructure development and technical assistance. Daily News 7 ("India attaches highest importance to Lankan ties," 1/26, http://www.dailynews.lk/2007/01/26/news33.asp Accessed 7/7/13)
Bilateral economic …. lines of credit.
Economic engagement includes both explicit quid pro quos and unconditional strategies. Kahler, Professor of Political Science at UC San Diego and Kastner, Professor of Gov’t and Politics @ U of Maryland, 6 (Miles and Scott, “Strategic Uses of Interdependence”, www.bsos.umd.edu/gvpt/kastner/KahlerKastner.doc? , Accessed 7/7/13 GAL)
Scholars have usefully distinguished between …. as a constraint on the foreign policy behavior of the target state, and economic interdependence can act as a transforming agent that helps to reshape the goals of the target state. Neolib
A.) Focusing on government policy-making is productive – critical approaches can’t resolve real world problems McClean, Mollow College Philosophy Professor, 01 David E., Adjunct Professor of Philosophy, Molloy College, New York, 2001 “The Cultural Left and the Limits of Social Hope,” Presented at the 2001 Annual Conference of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy, Available Online at www.american-philosophy.org/archives/past_conference_programs/pc2001/Discussion20papers/david_mcclean.htm, JMP, Accessed on July 5, 2013)SP Yet for some reason, at least partially explicated in Richard Rorty's Achieving Our Country, a book that I think is long overdue, ….. good reason to listen to jargon-riddled lectures from philosophers and culture critics with their snobish disrespect for the so-called "managerial class."
The role of the ballot is political engagement---in the context of energy it empirically inculcates portable skills that lead to better energy policy – it gives voice to buried arguments and challenges bias and institutional affiliations Mitchell 10 (Gordon R, Associate Professor and Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of Communication at the University of Pittsburgh, where he also directs the William Pitt Debating Union, “SWITCH-SIDE DEBATING MEETS DEMAND-DRIVEN RHETORIC OF SCIENCE”, http://www.pitt.edu/~gordonm/JPubs/Mitchell2010.pdf) An additional dimension of nuance emerging from this avenue of analysis pertains to the precise nature of the deliberative goals set by bridge. …. of policy planning with situated, contingent judgments informed by reflective deliberation.
Violence has massively decreased because of econ growth/modernization/interdependence- best data proves Gat ‘13 (AZAR GAT, DPhil in History (University of Oxford, 1986); Ezer Weitzman Professor of National Security, Political Science Department, Tel Aviv University; recent books: War in Human Civilization (Oxford University Press, 2006); Victorious and Vulnerable: Why Democracy Won in the 20th Century and How It Is Still Imperiled (Hoover Institution, Rowman and Littlefield, 2010); Nations: The Long History and Deep Roots of Political Ethnicity and Nationalism (Cambridge University Press, 2013). Is war declining – and why? Azar Gat? Department of Political Science, University of Tel Aviv azargat@post.tau.ac.il , March 19th 2013)
When quite a number of scholars …… Referring to my argument in this regard, Levy and Thompson (2011: 72–75) excused themselves from deciding on the issue on the grounds of insufficient information regarding the cost of premodern war. But as already noted, the information on the subject is quite clear.
Permutation- Do the plan and imagine post-neoliberal strategies as a starting-point for movements toward alternative modes of governance
The alt fails, causes transition conflicts, requires totalitarianism, and flips their impacts Aligica ‘3 (fellow at the Mercatus Center, George Mason University, and Adjunct Fellow at the Hudson Institute (Paul, 4/21. “The Great Transition and the Social Limits to Growth: Herman Kahn on Social Change and Global Economic Development”, April 21, http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_detailsandid=2827)
Stopping things would mean if not to engage in an experiment to change the human nature, at least in an equally difficult experiment in altering powerful cultural forces: "We firmly believe that …..
This brings us neatly finally to the third problem with PWG: politics. Jackson does have some discussion of the need for our old favourite “political will” towards the end of the book ….. But beyond the environmentalist camp, this message will not work. In the face of the biggest collective challenge that humanity has faced, we need a narrative that has the human potential to solve problems, and overcome apparently unbeatable odds, at its heart.
Mexico has large untapped areas of geothermal, wind, and solar potential, …… —are good entry points for a broader U.S.-Mexico dialogue, she remarked.
Energy poverty perpetuates the poverty cycle IEF 9 International Energy Forum, “Reducing Energy Poverty through Cooperation and Partnership”, IEF Symposium on Energy Poverty, December 8-9 2009, www.ief.org/_resources/files/content/events/ief-symposium-on-energy-poverty/background-paper.pdf LN
The 11¶ th ¶ International Energy Forum (Rome, 20¶ -¶ 22 April 2008) noted that “ …. had a serious impact on low-income countries” and agreed on the importance of multilateral measures to mitigate this effect.
Poverty is on-par with an ongoing nuclear war – it kills millions a year Mumia Abu-Jamal, 9-19-1998, “A Quiet and Deadly Violence,” www1.minn.net/meis/quietdv.htm We live, equally immersed, and to a deeper degree, …. accelerating, thermonuclear war, or genocide on the weak and poor every year of every decade, throughout the world." Gilligan, p. 196 Capitalism solves quality of life Norberg, Fellow at Timbro and CATO, MA with a focus in economics and philosophy, 2003 (Johan, July 31 , In Defense of Global Capitalism,http://books.google.com/books?hl=enandlr=andid=VpnmwhBneTcCandoi=fndandpg=PA7anddq=In+Defense+of+Global+Capitalismandots=xW0wpNx5QGandsig=Pbj8YC655sJ_-nMBjFnv3d_Xlec)
It is not a problem for the Third World that more …. A number of pharmaceutical companies are lowering the prices of inhibitors for HIV/AIDS in poor countries by up to 95 percent, on condition that the patents are preserved so that they can maintain full prices in wealthier countries.
In certain settings, the Copenhagen School seems very close to this position. …..
While the Copenhagen School has been insufficiently clear in developing these aspects of securitization theory, they link clearly to some of the most interesting current analyses of the practical ethics of social-constructivism.
11/24/13
2AC-Interlake-Finals
Tournament: Tahoma | Round: Finals | Opponent: Interlake | Judge: Donnelley, Holoquin, Callero T A. Counter Interpretation; Economic engagement includes infrastructure development and technical assistance.
Counter Interpretation; Economic engagement includes both explicit quid pro quos and unconditional strategies. Kahler, Professor of Political Science at UC San Diego and Kastner, Professor of Gov’t and Politics @ U of Maryland, 6 (Miles and Scott, “Strategic Uses of Interdependence”, www.bsos.umd.edu/gvpt/kastner/KahlerKastner.doc? , Accessed 7/7/13 GAL)
Scholars have usefully distinguished between …. as a constraint on the foreign policy behavior of the target state, and economic interdependence can act as a transforming agent that helps to reshape the goals of the target state.
Its is belonging to The Free Dictionary 5(Thefreedictionary.com, June 25 2005, DA 6/21/11, OST)
a. of, belonging to, …. ach town claims its is the best
Should means desirable or recommended, not mandatory Words and Phrases, 2002 (“Words and Phrases: Permanent Edition” Vol. 39 Set to Signed. Pub. By Thomson West. P. 372-373)
Or. 1952. ….. ORS 654.005 et seq.----Baldassarre v. West Oregon Lumber Co., 239 P.2d 839, 193 Or. 556.---Labor and Emp. 2857
Resolve: “To form a purpose; ….. as, to resolve on a better course of life.”
BECC fails - has no legal authority or coercive mechanisms to force the governments to be in compliance with plans certified through Environmental Impact Statements Sergio, Associate Professor at El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, 1 Peña , 6-23-1 , NOBE/REF International Research Forum , "CROSS-BORDER PLANNING ON THE U.S.-MEXICO BORDER: BILATERAL VS. BINATIONAL AGENCIES" , http://www.nobe-ref.org/pdf/Conferences/2001/PANELIV_SPENA.PDF , Accessed: 7-10-13 , JC
The transformation costs for BECC …… but BECC does not have the legal authority or coercive¶ mechanisms to force local governments to be in compliance with the certified plan.
The BECC fails to incoporate sustainable development principles when assessing border projects - leads to catastrophic environmental damage Marston , director of the Texas office of the Environmental Defense Fund , 95 James, Good Neighbor Environmental Board, "First Annual Report of the Good Neighbor Environmental Board" pg.16 , JC The lack of a comprehensive, sustainable development plan for the border region and the failure to address ….. We recommend that federal agencies, BECC, NADBank, and other public and private funders incorporate sustainable development principles in planning or funding border environmental programs and projects. Neolib
A.) Focusing on government policy-making is productive – critical approaches can’t resolve real world problems McClean, Mollow College Philosophy Professor, 01 David E., Adjunct Professor of Philosophy, Molloy College, New York, 2001 “The Cultural Left and the Limits of Social Hope,” Presented at the 2001 Annual Conference of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy, Available Online at www.american-philosophy.org/archives/past_conference_programs/pc2001/Discussion20papers/david_mcclean.htm, JMP, Accessed on July 5, 2013)SP Yet for some reason, at least partially explicated in Richard …. disrespect for the so-called "managerial class." Violence has massively decreased because of econ growth/modernization/interdependence- best data proves Gat ‘13 (AZAR GAT, DPhil in History (University of Oxford, 1986); Ezer Weitzman Professor of National Security, Political Science Department, Tel Aviv University; recent books: War in Human Civilization (Oxford University Press, 2006); Victorious and Vulnerable: Why Democracy Won in the 20th Century and How It Is Still Imperiled (Hoover Institution, Rowman and Littlefield, 2010); Nations: The Long History and Deep Roots of Political Ethnicity and Nationalism (Cambridge University Press, 2013). Is war declining – and why? Azar Gat? Department of Political Science, University of Tel Aviv azargat@post.tau.ac.il , March 19th 2013)
When quite a number of scholars ….. Referring to my argument in this regard, Levy and Thompson (2011: 72–75) excused themselves from deciding on the issue on the grounds of insufficient information regarding the cost of premodern war. But as already noted, the information on the subject is quite clear.
Capitalism is inevitable, The alt fails, causes transition conflicts, requires totalitarianism, and flips their impacts, Aligica ‘3 (fellow at the Mercatus Center, George Mason University, and Adjunct Fellow at the Hudson Institute (Paul, 4/21. “The Great Transition and the Social Limits to Growth: Herman Kahn on Social Change and Global Economic Development”, April 21, http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_detailsandid=2827)
Stopping things would mean if not to engage in an experiment to …. increases the potential for the kinds of disasters which most at its advocates are trying to avoid" (Kahn, 1976, 210; 1984).
AND it’s sustainable- Newest studies prove growth will help solve the environmental crisis Sari and Soytas ‘9 (Ramazan and Ugur, Dept. of Business Administration, Middle East Technical University, “Are global warming and economic growth compatible? Evidence from ?ve OPEC countries?,” Applied Energy, Volume 86, pg. 1887-1893, ScienceDirect)
The recent studies on the other hand …. and no policy action is necessary.
This brings us neatly finally to the third problem with PWG: politics. Jackson does have some discussion of the need for our old favourite “political will” towards the end of the book, and there are some examples of concrete ideas (e.g. shorter working week, ban advertising aimed at children …. “No, we can’t”. But beyond the environmentalist camp, this message will not work. In the face of the biggest collective challenge that humanity has faced, we need a narrative that has the human potential to solve problems, and overcome apparently unbeatable odds, at its heart.
China DA 2AC
Recent Change in Chinese Leadership means Peace with Taiwan Tatar, analyst at the International Economic Relations and Global Issues Program at the Polish Institute of International Affairs, 13 Justyna Szczudlik, 4/26/13, http://www.pism.pl/files/?id_plik=13507, 7.8.13, ARH
The change of leadership in China ….. the TAO chief post, when at the 11th Cross-Strait Relations Symposium held in China in late March he claimed that political talks should not be perceived as a restricted topic. Sino-Taiwanese Relations Warming Now – Bilateral Trade Proves Aljazeera, renowned newspaper for South-Asian Relations, 13 2/25/13, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia-pacific/2013/02/2013225163641663682.html, 7/8/13, ARH
China's incoming leader has said the ….. Tension between China and its neighbors, including Japan, Vietnam and the Philippines, over competing offshore claims has become more of a worry for the region than China-Taiwan differences.¶
China and U.S. relations down—cyber espionage charges Lawrence, Specialist in Asian Affairs, 13 Susan, Congressional research services “U.S.-China Relations: Policy Issues” http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41108.pdf Date accessed: 7/7/13 KG
Cyber espionage allegedly ….. the Department of Defense wrote that cyber-intrusions targeting U.S. government and other computer systems “appear to be attributable directly to the Chinese government and military.”
No encroachment – China is avoiding misunderstandings – THIS Post dates Nolte, director of the GIGA Institute of Latin American Studies, 13 Detlef, 5-15-13, German Institute of Global and Area Studies, “The Dragon in the Backyard: US Visions of China’s Relations toward Latin America,” http://www.giga-hamburg.de/dl/download.php?d=/content/publikationen/pdf/gf_international_1305.pdf, accessed 7-9-13, MM
This positive view of Chinese investment in natural resources is supported by empirical evidence, ….. There could be more cooperation in Latin America between the countries in the future.
No competition- US China can cooperate in Mexico Peters, Hearn, Shaiken, all journalists for the Shanghai Institute for International Studies, 13 Enrique, Adrian, Harley, 2013, Shanghai Institute for International Studies, “US-Mexico-China Relations in the Context of Regional Cooperation”, http://en.siis.org.cn/index.php?m=contentandc=indexanda=showandcatid=15andid=87, accessed 7/9/13, JA
The psychology, though understandable ….. the three countries may cooperate more actively with each other and achieve an all-win outcome through the interactions.
Strong interdependence prevents confrontation- cooperation is win-win Dan, Editor at Xinhua, 13 Zhang, 6/10/13, Xinhua, “Commentary: Xi-Obama Summit Opens New Chapter in China-U.S. Relations,” http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/zmgxs/zxxx/t1049306.htm, Accessed 7/9/13, ML
Although Chinese President Xi ….. Obama have just charted and cast a long-running positive influence upon the peace and development of the whole world.
Oil DA 2AC High oil prices increases likelihood of Russian economic crash Englund, Washington Post, 11 Will, March 21, 2011 “Increase in oil revenue amid unrest in Arab world gives Russia some breathing room” http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/10/AR2011031001553.html 7/10/13 EYS But with increased oil revenue also comes the danger of complacency.
…. than in other developed countries - and it hurts small ones, where jobs and creativity tend to be nurtured. Information technology firms, with high labor costs, will suffer, Guriev said, and they are central to Medvedev's vision for the future of Russia.
No impact to Russian economy Blackwill, Council of Foreign Relations Senior Fellow, 9 Robert D, 2009, RAND, “The Geopolitical Consequences of the World Economic Recession—A Caution” http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/occasional_papers/2009/RAND_OP275.pdf p. 5 7/10/13 EYS Now on to Russia. Again, five years from today …. objectives of Russian foreign policy are likely to be changed in any serious way by the economic crisis.
(smaller, deeper fields) and more marginal regions (deep water, high arctic) to produce the incremental barrel of oil.
11/24/13
2AC-Interlake-Sems
Tournament: Tahoma | Round: Semis | Opponent: Interlake | Judge: McCool T A. Counter Interpretation; Economic engagement includes infrastructure development and technical assistance.
Counter Interpretation; Economic engagement includes both explicit quid pro quos and unconditional strategies. Kahler, Professor of Political Science at UC San Diego and Kastner, Professor of Gov’t and Politics @ U of Maryland, 6 (Miles and Scott, “Strategic Uses of Interdependence”, www.bsos.umd.edu/gvpt/kastner/KahlerKastner.doc? , Accessed 7/7/13 GAL)
Scholars have usefully distinguished between …. as a constraint on the foreign policy behavior of the target state, and economic interdependence can act as a transforming agent that helps to reshape the goals of the target state.
Its is belonging to The Free Dictionary 5(Thefreedictionary.com, June 25 2005, DA 6/21/11, OST)
a. of, belonging to, …. ach town claims its is the best
China and U.S. relations down—cyber espionage charges Lawrence, Specialist in Asian Affairs, 13 Susan, Congressional research services “U.S.-China Relations: Policy Issues” http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41108.pdf Date accessed: 7/7/13 KG
Cyber espionage allegedly …… the Department of Defense wrote that cyber-intrusions targeting U.S. government and other computer systems “appear to be attributable directly to the Chinese government and military.”
This positive view of Chinese investment in natural resources is supported by empirical evidence, which shows “that Chinese investment in ….. (communication by Gonzalo Paz March 7, 2013). There could be more cooperation in Latin America between the countries in the future.
No competition- US China can cooperate in Mexico Peters, Hearn, Shaiken, all journalists for the Shanghai Institute for International Studies, 13 Enrique, Adrian, Harley, 2013, Shanghai Institute for International Studies, “US-Mexico-China Relations in the Context of Regional Cooperation”, http://en.siis.org.cn/index.php?m=contentandc=indexanda=showandcatid=15andid=87, accessed 7/9/13, JA
The psychology, though understandable, …. the three countries may cooperate more actively with each other and achieve an all-win outcome through the interactions.
Strong interdependence prevents confrontation- cooperation is win-win Dan, Editor at Xinhua, 13 Zhang, 6/10/13, Xinhua, “Commentary: Xi-Obama Summit Opens New Chapter in China-U.S. Relations,” http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/zmgxs/zxxx/t1049306.htm, Accessed 7/9/13, ML
Although Chinese President Xi ….. Should history be any indication, the trans-Pacific relationship will forge ahead along the course Xi and Obama have just charted and cast a long-running positive influence upon the peace and development of the whole world.
Oil DA 2AC
No impact to Russian economy Blackwill, Council of Foreign Relations Senior Fellow, 9 Robert D, 2009, RAND, “The Geopolitical Consequences of the World Economic Recession—A Caution” http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/occasional_papers/2009/RAND_OP275.pdf p. 5 7/10/13 EYS Now on to Russia. Again, five years from today. ….. objectives of Russian foreign policy are likely to be changed in any serious way by the economic crisis.
…. All but a sliver of the increase in U.S. output was matched by cutbacks in the Middle East, leaving oil prices barely changed.
Even if OPEC fails, marginal costs ensure high prices Mackenzie, Financial Times editor, 12 Kate, May 02, 2012 “Marginal oil production osts are heading towards $100/barrel” http://ftalphaville.ft.com/blog/2012/05/02/983171/marginal-oil-production-costs-are-heading-towards-100barrel/ 7/10/13 EYS Bernstein’s energy analysts have looked at the upstream costs for the 50 biggest listed oil producers and found that — surprise, surprise — “the era of cheap oil is over”:
… (smaller, deeper fields) and more marginal regions (deep water, high arctic) to produce the incremental barrel of oil.
No capacity for backstopping Saxena, Puru Saxena Wealth Management founder, 11 Puru, Jul 18, 2011 “An Epic Energy Crunch, Global Crude Oil Demand Exceeds Production” http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article29323.html 7/10/13 EYS The majority of the world’s developed economies are growing at a sluggish pace, yet the price of NYMEX crude is trading around US$100 per barrel.
….. In summary, we view the panic fueled sell off in the nuclear sector as a great opportunity for the patient investor
Should means desirable or recommended, not mandatory Words and Phrases, 2002 (“Words and Phrases: Permanent Edition” Vol. 39 Set to Signed. Pub. By Thomson West. P. 372-373)
Or. 1952. ….. ORS 654.005 et seq.----Baldassarre v. West Oregon Lumber Co., 239 P.2d 839, 193 Or. 556.---Labor and Emp. 2857
Blackouts lead to meltdowns at nuclear reactors Earth Issues, 2011 (“Experts: Move to protect nuke plants from solar flare damage,” March 5, http://www.earth-issues.com/2011/03/experts-move-to-protect-nuke-plants-from-solar-flare-damage/) Nuclear power plants are not themselves ….. Its general manager, Kenneth Badaracco, said the plant will turn out “something less than 100? transformers a year costing between $3 million and $5 million each.
A2 Cap (im sorry em I 3 u) A.) Focusing on government policy-making is productive – critical approaches can’t resolve real world problems McClean, Mollow College Philosophy Professor, 01 David E., Adjunct Professor of Philosophy, Molloy College, New York, 2001 “The Cultural Left and the Limits of Social Hope,” Presented at the 2001 Annual Conference of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy, Available Online at www.american-philosophy.org/archives/past_conference_programs/pc2001/Discussion20papers/david_mcclean.htm, JMP, Accessed on July 5, 2013)SP Yet for some reason, at least partially explicated in Richard …. disrespect for the so-called "managerial class." Violence has massively decreased because of econ growth/modernization/interdependence- best data proves Gat ‘13 (AZAR GAT, DPhil in History (University of Oxford, 1986); Ezer Weitzman Professor of National Security, Political Science Department, Tel Aviv University; recent books: War in Human Civilization (Oxford University Press, 2006); Victorious and Vulnerable: Why Democracy Won in the 20th Century and How It Is Still Imperiled (Hoover Institution, Rowman and Littlefield, 2010); Nations: The Long History and Deep Roots of Political Ethnicity and Nationalism (Cambridge University Press, 2013). Is war declining – and why? Azar Gat? Department of Political Science, University of Tel Aviv azargat@post.tau.ac.il , March 19th 2013)
When quite a number of scholars ….. Referring to my argument in this regard, Levy and Thompson (2011: 72–75) excused themselves from deciding on the issue on the grounds of insufficient information regarding the cost of premodern war. But as already noted, the information on the subject is quite clear.
Capitalism is inevitable, The alt fails, causes transition conflicts, requires totalitarianism, and flips their impacts, Aligica ‘3 (fellow at the Mercatus Center, George Mason University, and Adjunct Fellow at the Hudson Institute (Paul, 4/21. “The Great Transition and the Social Limits to Growth: Herman Kahn on Social Change and Global Economic Development”, April 21, http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_detailsandid=2827)
Stopping things would mean if not to engage in an experiment to …. increases the potential for the kinds of disasters which most at its advocates are trying to avoid" (Kahn, 1976, 210; 1984).
AND it’s sustainable- Newest studies prove growth will help solve the environmental crisis Sari and Soytas ‘9 (Ramazan and Ugur, Dept. of Business Administration, Middle East Technical University, “Are global warming and economic growth compatible? Evidence from ?ve OPEC countries?,” Applied Energy, Volume 86, pg. 1887-1893, ScienceDirect)
The recent studies on the other hand …. and no policy action is necessary.
This brings us neatly finally to the third problem with PWG: politics. Jackson does have some discussion of the need for our old favourite “political will” towards the end of the book, and there are some examples of concrete ideas (e.g. shorter working week, ban advertising aimed at children …. “No, we can’t”. But beyond the environmentalist camp, this message will not work. In the face of the biggest collective challenge that humanity has faced, we need a narrative that has the human potential to solve problems, and overcome apparently unbeatable odds, at its heart.
First, Cap Sustains Free Trade and the WTO Gerogia, president of the Transnational Institute, ’99 (Susan; March 24-26; “A Short History Of Neo-Liberalism: Twenty Years Of Elite Economics And Emerging Opportunities For Structural Change,” pg online @ http://www.globalexchange.org/campaigns/econ101/neoliberalism.html; RR)
Over the past twenty years, the IMF has been strengthened enormously. ….. all obligations to governments and no rights at all to citizens.
Free trade promotes peace and decreases the likelihood of war—empirically proven Griswold, Associated Director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies at the CATO Institute, 98 (Daniel, “Peace on Earth, Free Trade for Men,” 31 Dec, http://www.cato.org/dailys/12-31-98.html)
Advocates of free trade have long argued that its benefits are not merely economic. Free trade
…… wars have been fought between two nations that were outwardly oriented in their trade policies. In every one of the two dozen or so wars between nations fought since 1945, at least one side was dominated by a nation or nations that did not pursue a policy of free trade.
Shunning puts an unequal burden on the people of a nation—it creates larger injustices – that means inaction is worse Beversluis, Ph.D. in philosophy from Northwestern University, 89 Eric H., April, Public Affairs Quarterly, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 15-25, “ON SHUNNING UNDESIRABLE REGIMES: ETHICS AND ECONOMIC SANCTIONS”, accessed 7/3/13, VJ
Finally, shunning can itself cause injustices. …. funded out of general revenues and thereby spread the burden fairly over the whole nation.
Risk of extinction shatters the framework for evaluating impacts- the impact is infinite and must be avoided at any cost. Schell 82 Jonathan Schell 1982 “Fate of the Earth” pp. 93-96
To say that human extinction is a certainty would, of course, be a misrepresentation – just as it would be a misrepresentation to say that extinction can be ruled out. …. reverence and caution should lead us to act without delay to withdraw the threat we now post to the world and to ourselves.
Failing to prevent a horrible outcome is just as bad as causing it – the aff is moral evasion. Nielsen, philosophy prof @ U of Calgary - 93 (Kai, Absolutism and Its Consequentialist Critics, ed. Joram Graf Haber, 1993, p. 170-2)
Forget the levity of the example and consider the case of the innocent fat man. If there really is no other way of unsticking our fat man and if plainly …. tries to keep his `moral purity' and avoid `dirty hands' at the price of utter moral failure and what Kierkegaard called `double mindedness.' It is understandable that people should act in this morally evasive way but this does not make it right.
Must weigh consequences – their moral tunnel vision is complicit with the evil they criticize Isaac, Professor of Political Science at Indiana University 2 (Jeffrey C, Dissent Magazine, 49(2), “Ends, Means, and Politics”, Spring, Proquest)
As writers such as Niccolo Machiavelli, Max Weber, Reinhold Niebuhr, and Hannah Arendt have taught, an ... It alienates those who are not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness.
# Main Entry: 1re·solve # Pronunciation: \ri-?zälv, -?zo?lv also -?zäv or -?zo?v\ # Function: verb # Inflected Form(s): re·solved; re·solv·ing 1 : to become separated into component parts; also : to become reduced by dissolving or analysis 2 : to form a resolution : determine 3 : consult, deliberate
Should means desirable or recommended, not mandatory Words and Phrases, 2002 (“Words and Phrases: Permanent Edition” Vol. 39 Set to Signed. Pub. By Thomson West. P. 372-373)
Or. 1952. Where safety regulation for sawmill industry providing that a two by two inch guard rail should be installed at extreme outer edge of walkways adjacent to sorting tables was immediately preceded by other regulations in which word “shall” instead of “should” was used, and word “should” did not appear to be result of inadvertent use in particular regulation, use of word “should” was intended to convey idea that particular precaution involved was desirable and recommended, but not mandatory. ORS 654.005 et seq.----Baldassarre v. West Oregon Lumber Co., 239 P.2d 839, 193 Or. 556.---Labor and Emp. 2857
Cap Disengagement from the political sphere cedes control to the far right – this causes violence, oppression, and straight turns the K Richard Rorty, professor emeritus of comparative literature and philosophy at Stanford University, “Achieving Our Country: Leftist Thought in Twentieth-Century America, 1998, pp. 89-94 Many writers on socioeconomic policy have warned that the old industrialized democracies are heading into a Weimar-like period, one in which populist movements …. "haunting agency, which is everywhere and nowhere, as evanescent and insistent as a resourceful spook."10
Violence has massively decreased because of econ growth/modernization/interdependence- best data proves Gat ‘13 (AZAR GAT, DPhil in History (University of Oxford, 1986); Ezer Weitzman Professor of National Security, Political Science Department, Tel Aviv University; recent books: War in Human Civilization (Oxford University Press, 2006); Victorious and Vulnerable: Why Democracy Won in the 20th Century and How It Is Still Imperiled (Hoover Institution, Rowman and Littlefield, 2010); Nations: The Long History and Deep Roots of Political Ethnicity and Nationalism (Cambridge University Press, 2013). Is war declining – and why? Azar Gat? Department of Political Science, University of Tel Aviv azargat@post.tau.ac.il , March 19th 2013)
When quite a number of scholars simultaneously and independently of one another arrive at very similar conclusions on an …. Referring to my argument in this regard, Levy and Thompson (2011: 72–75) excused themselves from deciding on the issue on the grounds of insufficient information regarding the cost of premodern war. But as already noted, the information on the subject is quite clear.
The alt fails, causes transition conflicts, requires totalitarianism, and flips their impacts Aligica ‘3 (fellow at the Mercatus Center, George Mason University, and Adjunct Fellow at the Hudson Institute (Paul, 4/21. “The Great Transition and the Social Limits to Growth: Herman Kahn on Social Change and Global Economic Development”, April 21, http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_detailsandid=2827)
Stopping things would mean if not to engage in an experiment to change the human nature, at least in an equally difficult experiment in altering powerful cultural forces … e that increases the potential for the kinds of disasters which most at its advocates are trying to avoid" (Kahn, 1976, 210; 1984).
AND it’s sustainable- Newest studies prove growth will help solve the environmental crisis Sari and Soytas ‘9 (Ramazan and Ugur, Dept. of Business Administration, Middle East Technical University, “Are global warming and economic growth compatible? Evidence from ?ve OPEC countries?,” Applied Energy, Volume 86, pg. 1887-1893, ScienceDirect)
The recent studies on the other hand improved our understanding ….. As Rothman and de Bruyn 35 suggest if the hypothesis holds economic growth can gradually become a solution to environmental problems and no policy action is necessary.
They say their impact is in equality, but prefer our specificity we solve for energy in equality. No mindset shift and no alt solvency Matthew Lockwood 11, previously Associate Director for Climate, Transport and Energy at the Institute for Public Policy Research, “The Limits to Environmentalism”, March 25, http://politicalclimate.net/2011/03/25/the-limits-to-environmentalism-4/
This brings us neatly finally to the third problem with PWG: politics. Jackson does have some discussion of the need for our old favourite “political will” towards the end of the book, and there are some examples of concrete ideas (e.g. shorter working week, ban advertising aimed at children …. . In the face of the biggest collective challenge that humanity has faced, we need a narrative that has the human potential to solve problems, and overcome apparently unbeatable odds, at its heart.
Capitalism isn’t the root cause of violence – historically and causally incoherent in the context of state-centric IR Christopher Dandeker, professor of military sociology in the Department of War Studies at King's College London, "The Causes of War and the History of Modern Sociological Theory," Effects of War on Society, ed. Giorgio Ausenda, 1992, pp. 44-46 All these arguments presuppose two specious sociological contentions: …. populations have lived under such arrangements and these have been the achievements of modern nation-states (Dandeker 1990:51; Giddens 1985:172).
1/11/14
2AC-Lowell-Rd1
Tournament: ASU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lowell | Judge: Sander Case SO2 isn’t sufficient to offset increasing CO2 NewScientist.com, Weekly science and technology news magazine, considered by some to be the world's best, with diverse subject matter, 2004, (2004 “Climate Change,” www.newscientist.com/hottopics/climate/climatefaq.jsp)
Right again. One of the nice ironies of this story is that burning coal and oil produces sulphate particles - which make acid rain. …. If you carry on burning a given amount of fossil fuel, the cooling effect of the sulphates will remain constant, while the warming effect of C02 will keep on increasing. So sulphates are not a solution.
Black aerosols outweigh reflective particles Science Daily, Breaking science news and articles on global warming, extrasolar planets, stem cells, bird flu, autism, nanotechnology, dinosaurs, evolution -- the latest 10 (Best Hope for Saving Arctic Sea Ice Is Cutting Soot Emissions, Say Researchers, July 30, 2010, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100728092617.htm)
The quickest, best way to slow the rapid melting of Arctic sea ice is to reduce soot emissions from the burning of fossil fuel, ….. ," said Jacobson. "Once the sea ice is gone, it is really hard to regenerate because there is not an efficient mechanism to cool the ocean down in the short term."
T A. Counter Interpretation; Economic engagement includes infrastructure development and technical assistance. Daily News 7 ("India attaches highest importance to Lankan ties," 1/26, http://www.dailynews.lk/2007/01/26/news33.asp Accessed 7/7/13)
Bilateral economic and commercial relations between India and Sri Lanka are multi-faceted. …. technical training and extension of lines of credit.
Economic engagement includes both explicit quid pro quos and unconditional strategies. Kahler, Professor of Political Science at UC San Diego and Kastner, Professor of Gov’t and Politics @ U of Maryland, 6 (Miles and Scott, “Strategic Uses of Interdependence”, www.bsos.umd.edu/gvpt/kastner/KahlerKastner.doc? , Accessed 7/7/13 GAL)
Scholars have usefully distinguished between ….. policy behavior of the target state, and economic interdependence can act as a transforming agent that helps to reshape the goals of the target state.
Cap
FW
Philosophically analyzing the aff and policy actions are not pragmatic and will lead to stalemate in the impending collapse of civilization- we have a moral obligation to act pragmatically- now is key to act- we’re the only policy that can solve Scranton, 11/10 (Roy, Department of English at Princeton University, joined the English Department in 2010. His interestsinclude the literature and cultures of war, 20th-century American literature, and the rhetoric and practice of experimental literature, His scholarship and essays have been published or are forthcoming in Contemporary Literature, Theory and Event, the New York Times, Boston Review, Bookforum, and elsewhere. He has also published fiction in Prairie Schooner, Epiphany, and LIT. He is co-editor of Fire and Forget: Short Stories from the Long War (Da Capo, 2013), an anthology of literary fiction by veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan. 11/10/13, The New York Times, “Learning How to Die in the Anthropocene,” http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/10/learning-how-to-die-in-the-anthropocene/?_r=1and, Accessed: 11/13/13, LPS.)
Geological time scales, civilizational collapse and species extinction give rise to ….. If we want to learn to live in the Anthropocene, we must first learn how to die.¶
Violence has massively decreased because of econ growth/modernization/interdependence- best data proves Gat ‘13 (AZAR GAT, DPhil in History (University of Oxford, 1986); Ezer Weitzman Professor of National Security, Political Science Department, Tel Aviv University; recent books: War in Human Civilization (Oxford University Press, 2006); Victorious and Vulnerable: Why Democracy Won in the 20th Century and How It Is Still Imperiled (Hoover Institution, Rowman and Littlefield, 2010); Nations: The Long History and Deep Roots of Political Ethnicity and Nationalism (Cambridge University Press, 2013). Is war declining – and why? Azar Gat? Department of Political Science, University of Tel Aviv azargat@post.tau.ac.il , March 19th 2013)
When quite a number of scholars simultaneously and independently of one another arrive at very similar conclusions on …. Referring to my argument in this regard, Levy and Thompson (2011: 72–75) excused themselves from deciding on the issue on the grounds of insufficient information regarding the cost of premodern war. But as already noted, the information on the subject is quite clear.
The alt fails, causes transition conflicts, requires totalitarianism, and flips their impacts Aligica ‘3 (fellow at the Mercatus Center, George Mason University, and Adjunct Fellow at the Hudson Institute (Paul, 4/21. “The Great Transition and the Social Limits to Growth: Herman Kahn on Social Change and Global Economic Development”, April 21, http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_detailsandid=2827)
Stopping things would mean if not to engage in an experiment to change the human nature, at least in an equally difficult experiment in altering powerful cultural forces ….. that increases the potential for the kinds of disasters which most at its advocates are trying to avoid" (Kahn, 1976, 210; 1984).
AND it’s sustainable- Newest studies prove growth will help solve the environmental crisis Sari and Soytas ‘9 (Ramazan and Ugur, Dept. of Business Administration, Middle East Technical University, “Are global warming and economic growth compatible? Evidence from ?ve OPEC countries?,” Applied Energy, Volume 86, pg. 1887-1893, ScienceDirect)
The recent studies on the other hand improved our understanding in ….. suggest if the hypothesis holds economic growth can gradually become a solution to environmental problems and no policy action is necessary.
This brings us neatly finally to the third problem with PWG: politics. Jackson does have some discussion of the need for our old favourite “political will” ….. But beyond the environmentalist camp, this message will not work. In the face of the biggest collective challenge that humanity has faced, we need a narrative that has the human potential to solve problems, and overcome apparently unbeatable odds, at its heart.
Greed and capitalism are inevitable – the concepts of property rights and free trade are engrained in our psyche Wilkinson 5 (Will, policy analyst@CATO, CATO Policy Report, XXVII(1), January/February, http://www.cato.org/research/articles/wilkinson-050201.html, accessed: 29 June 2011, JT) Perhaps the most depressing lesson of evolutionary psychology ….. That, they argue, points to the existence of "functionally specialized, content-dependent cognitive adaptations for social exchange
Second, those demanding a new round of … Iran is playing us for the fool. Only more pressure backed by the credible threat of military force will bring Iran to recognize the costs of keeping their program outweigh any benefit.”
4. Plan should have already triggered the link, Obama already pushing massive renewable projects Lederman 2013 (Josh; President Obama to expand Renewable Energy; June 25; www.abcactionnews.com/dpp/news/political/president-obama-to-expand-renewable-energy; kdf) WASHINGTON (AP) - President Barack …. groups say Obama's most important step will be to launch a process to regulate carbon emissions from existing power plants. ¶ The groups were not authorized to discuss Obama's plan publicly and demanded anonymity. ¶ Obama will unveil his national climate plan Tuesday at Georgetown University.
…. Some day, some masterful, Churchillian politician will figure this all out and lead the country toward true clean energy revolution. Some day.
6. PC theory is wrong – winners win Hirsh, National Journal Chief Correspondent, 13 – National Journal chief correspondent, citing various political scientists Michael, former Newsweek senior correspondent, "There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital," National Journal, 2-9-13, www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207, accessed 2-8-13, mss The idea of political capital—or mandates, or momentum— ….. “It is a controllable fact of political life.” Johnson had the skill and wherewithal to realize that, at that moment of history, he could have unlimited coinage if he handled the politics right. He did. (At least until Vietnam, that is.)
9. Energy Department does the plan- no link to politics Hattem and Goad, 8/13 (Julian, Staff writer at the Hill Washington Correspondent at The Yomiuri Shimbun Reporting Intern at Huffington Post Investigative Fund Project Coordinator at Arete Fund and Ben, Reporter at The Press Enterprise, 8/26/13, The Hill, “REGULATION NATION: Obama bypassing Congress on climate,” http://thehill.com/blogs/regwatch/administration/318599-regulation-nation-obama-pins-climate-hopes-on-bypassing-congress Most of the climate initiative can be achieved without congressional backing, …. will be replacing Obama at the White House. Supporters say that the Obama has no choice than to act through regulations, given the political landscape. 10. Farm and Immigration thump the DA Murphy, 1/8 Joan, 2014, “Farm bill, immigration reform top produce industry issues for 2014”, http://www.producenews.com/index.php/news-dep-menu/test-featured/12011-farm-bill-immigration-reform-top-produce-industry-issues-for-2014, The Produce News, 1/9/13, JAZ WASHINGTON -- After Congress acted on few legislative priorities last year, produce industry advocates are hoping for a 2014 farm bill agreement this month and cautiously optimistic lawmakers may begin addressing the broken immigration issue in the first half of 2014. Stakeholders may get a first glimpse at the farm bill conference report as early as the second ….
consumption of fruits, vegetables, and tree nuts. Produce industry advocates say the House and Senate versions have been very similar, so their issues have not been a priority during negotiations.
XO
Permutation- Do both Take years to happen Mayer, Proff. Of Polt. Science Univ. of Wisconsin, 01 (Kenneth, , Princeton Univ., “With the Stroke of a Pen: Executive Orders and Presidential Power”, p. 61, http://www.questiaschool.com/read/103282967?title=With20the20Stroke20of20a20Pen3a20Executive20Orders20and20Presidential20Power, accessed: 7/9/13, ML) In contemporary practice, executive orders typically either originate from the advisory structures within the Executive Office ……. complex orders can take years, and can even be derailed over an inability to obtain the necessary consensus or clearances.
¶ The House appropriations subcommittee, controlled by Republicans, proposed cutting the administration’s request by $12 billion, ….. he said in a telephone interview from Nairobi, Kenya, where he was overseeing relief to the famine in the Horn of Africa. “The budget impact is negligible. The impact around the world is enormous.”
Congress can and will overturn Obama’s executive orders Ritz, The Blaze, 1-2-13 (Erica, The Blaze, “WHICH OBAMA EXECUTIVE ORDER DID THE HOUSE OVERWHELMINGLY OVERTURN YESTERDAY?,” Accessed- 7-9-13, RRR)
President Barack Obama made waves last Friday when — amid a fierce fiscal cliff debate — he signed an executive order ending the pay freeze on certain federal workers. …. The measure received immense bipartisan support, passing 287-129, with 55 Democrats voting with Republicans against the president’s proposal.
Insulating the president from bad news has proved impossible. Other White Houses have tried doing so with more ….. It's naive to believe he can step back and have some Cabinet secretary be the face of the oil spill. The buck stops with his office."
Presidential powers are a slippery slope that could lead to war – Vietnam proves. Healy, a senior editor at the Cato Institute, 8 Gene, The Cult of the Presidency Americas Dangerous Devotion to Executive Power, pgs 91-3 , AS
Lyndon Johnson’s attitude toward Congress echoed Truman’s imperiousness. …… ‘‘We have the power to shape the civilization that we want,’’ Johnson declared in his May 1964 Great Society speech at the University of Michigan.
1/11/14
2AC-Marquette-RD6
Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 6 | Opponent: Marquette | Judge: Lee Tatch T A. Counter Interpretation; Economic engagement includes both explicit quid pro quos and unconditional strategies. Kahler, Professor of Political Science at UC San Diego and Kastner, Professor of Gov’t and Politics @ U of Maryland, 6 (Miles and Scott, “Strategic Uses of Interdependence”, www.bsos.umd.edu/gvpt/kastner/KahlerKastner.doc? , Accessed 7/7/13 GAL)
Scholars have usefully distinguished between two types of economic engagement: conditional policies that require an explicit quid-pro-quo AND act as a transforming agent that helps to reshape the goals of the target state. Heidegger Focusing on government policy-making is productive – critical approaches can’t resolve real world problems McClean, Mollow College Philosophy Professor, 01 David E., Adjunct Professor of Philosophy, Molloy College, New York, 2001 “The Cultural Left and the Limits of Social Hope,” Presented at the 2001 Annual Conference of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy, Available Online at www.american-philosophy.org/archives/past_conference_programs/pc2001/Discussion20papers/david_mcclean.htm, JMP, Accessed on July 5, 2013)SP Yet for some reason, at least partially explicated in Richard Rorty's Achieving Our Country, a book that I think is long overdue, AND This might help keep us from being slapped down in debates by true policy pros who actually know what they are talking about but who lack awareness of the dogmatic assumptions from which they proceed, and who have not yet found a good reason to listen to jargon-riddled lectures from philosophers and culture critics with their snobish disrespect for the so-called "managerial class."
2. Perm solves- The world of technology can operate within Heidegger’s idea of the alternative. Heidegger does not oppose technology, just questions the way it is evaluated, as long as we can consider the meaning of technology of our own making, we can avoid the danger it presents. Cariño 09 Jovito, Mentor College of Architecture University of Santo Tomas. Philippiniana Sacra Vol. 44 Issue 132, p491-504, 14p, “Heidegger and the Danger of Modern Technology”, 2009, SM, accessed: 6/29/11 The benefits of modern technology can never be overstated and Heidegger himself is not discounting them
AND as we consider technology as something neutral, then the essence of technology and its danger shall remain unknown to us.
3. The alternative fails it prevents action- the permutation can effectively solve for the world’s problems Houseman and Flynn, professors of philosophy Emory, 2011 (Benjamin and Thomas, “Cooling Down Global Warming: Revisiting Sartre and Heidegger on this Modern Day Challenge”) Having said that, though, Heidegger never explicitly states how this mode of¶ dwelling described as a releasement toward things will allow us to say both yes and no to¶ technology—how it will guide us towards finding the hidden meaning in technology.¶ AND everyday¶ hustle-bustle and finds meaning in what presences around us through careful¶ consideration and a non-doing that lets being be.
4. Technology is not inherently evil- we have to combine the definitions to determine the essence of technology Idhe, Professor of Philosophy and the Director of the Technoscience Research Group at Stony Brook, 2010 (Don, Heidegger’s Technologies, Project Muse, Pg. 29-31 To uncover the phenomenon, it must be free from its layers of less¶ adequate interpretation which, again in typical fashion, Heidegger attributes¶ to a ‘‘subjective’’ understanding, here called the instrumental and¶ anthropological definitions of technology.¶ AND Variables given in¶ this sense are particular shapes of the invariant revealing-concealing structure¶ of truth. 7. Heidegger predetermines the result of ontological interrogation ensuring that ontology precludes ethical considerations from occurring. This inevitably recreates orders of violence. Emmanuel Levinas, professor of philosophy, Totality and Infinity: An Essay on Exteriority, 1969, pg. 45-46 The primacy of ontology for Heidegger does not rest on the truism: AND here exists anonymously. Universality presents itself as impersonal; and this is another inhumanity. 9. No link- There is no inherent evil in science- it enables a self-reflective process that solves the impact Richardson, professor emeritus of philosophy at Boston College. , 2012 (Williams, “Heidegger’s Critique of Science”, Heidegger on Science edited by Trish Glazebrook, Project Muse, Pg 33-34) The scientific method implies that the scientist conceives of himself as a¶ subject and of the beings with which he deals in research as objects that¶ are posed before him to be investigated. This seems innocuous enough.¶ AND the thinker’s certainty of his own existence..
CIR No aging crisis impact – aging crisis exaggerated, no dependency, cross-country studies prove Hamilton 1 – Institute director, citing Dr. Kinnear Dr. Clive, “Ageing Crisis A Myth,” 12-16-1, accessed 2-10-13, mss The paper shows that the expected costs of retirement incomes and health for the elderly have been exaggerated AND Rising health costs are caused mainly by factors other than ageing such as the growth of medical technology, rising consumer demand and escalating prices. 3. Will not pass Steve Benon, producer of the Rachel Maddow Show 10/18/13 09:36 http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/gop-already-balking-new-immigration-push The push came on the heels of similar remarks from Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-Nev.), AND Presumably, then, that’s an outcome Republicans prefer to inflict on themselves? 5. Plan should have already triggered the link, Obama already pushing massive renewable projects Lederman 2013 (Josh; President Obama to expand Renewable Energy; June 25; www.abcactionnews.com/dpp/news/political/president-obama-to-expand-renewable-energy; kdf) WASHINGTON (AP) - President Barack
AND Environmental groups say Obama's most important step will be to launch a process to regulate carbon emissions from existing power plants. ¶ The groups were not authorized to discuss Obama's plan publicly and demanded anonymity. ¶ Obama will unveil his national climate plan Tuesday at Georgetown University.
Voters just love government investment in renewable energy — much more than their representatives in Washington, it seems. I was reading an analysis of the State of the Union Address based AND Some day, some masterful, Churchillian politician will figure this all out and lead the country toward true clean energy revolution. Some day.
7. PC theory is wrong – winners win Hirsh, National Journal Chief Correspondent, 13 – National Journal chief correspondent, citing various political scientists Michael, former Newsweek senior correspondent, "There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital," National Journal, 2-9-13, www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207, accessed 2-8-13, mss The idea of political capital—or mandates, or momentum— AND Johnson had the skill and wherewithal to realize that, at that moment of history, he could have unlimited coinage if he handled the politics right. He did. (At least until Vietnam, that is.)
10. Energy Department does the plan- no link to politics Hattem and Goad, 8/13 (Julian, Staff writer at the Hill Washington Correspondent at The Yomiuri Shimbun Reporting Intern at Huffington Post Investigative Fund Project Coordinator at Arete Fund and Ben, Reporter at The Press Enterprise, 8/26/13, The Hill, “REGULATION NATION: Obama bypassing Congress on climate,” http://thehill.com/blogs/regwatch/administration/318599-regulation-nation-obama-pins-climate-hopes-on-bypassing-congress Most of the climate initiative can be achieved without congressional backing, AND Supporters say that the Obama has no choice than to act through regulations, given the political landscape.
Oil DA High oil prices increases likelihood of Russian economic crash Englund, Washington Post, 11 Will, March 21, 2011 “Increase in oil revenue amid unrest in Arab world gives Russia some breathing room” http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/10/AR2011031001553.html 7/10/13 EYS But with increased oil revenue also comes the danger of complacency. Bureaucrats, defense contractors, pensioners and workers in construction and finance all stand to gain from the money coming in, along with the oil companies. AND Guriev said, and they are central to Medvedev's vision for the future of Russia. OPEC maintains high prices Levi, David M. Rubenstein senior fellow, 12 Michael, July/August 2012, “Think Again: The American Energy Boom” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/06/18/think_again_the_american_energy_boom?wp_login_redirect=0 7/10/13 EYS "We Can Drill Our Way Out of High Prices." Don't bet on it. Some people claim that unleashing U.S. oil and gas resources would slash the price of crude. AND The net impact was a mere 4 cents a gallon fall. Why? All but a sliver of the increase in U.S. output was matched by cutbacks in the Middle East, leaving oil prices barely changed.
Even if OPEC fails, marginal costs ensure high prices Mackenzie, Financial Times editor, 12 Kate, May 02, 2012 “Marginal oil production osts are heading towards $100/barrel” http://ftalphaville.ft.com/blog/2012/05/02/983171/marginal-oil-production-costs-are-heading-towards-100barrel/ 7/10/13 EYS Bernstein’s energy analysts have looked at the upstream costs for the 50 biggest listed oil producers and found that — surprise, surprise — AND As global demand has surged over the past decade the marginal cost of production and oil prices have increased, as the industry has venture to increasingly higher cost (smaller, deeper fields) and more marginal regions (deep water, high arctic) to produce the incremental barrel of oil.
No capacity for backstopping Saxena, Puru Saxena Wealth Management founder, 11 Puru, Jul 18, 2011 “An Epic Energy Crunch, Global Crude Oil Demand Exceeds Production” http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article29323.html 7/10/13 EYS The majority of the world’s developed economies are growing at a sluggish pace, yet the price of NYMEX crude is trading around US$100 per barrel. Interestingly, the price of Brent Crude AND This ‘oil pour’ created a lot of sensational headlines in the media and caused the price of crude to drop sharply. However, this decline proved to be short-lived and the oil price bounced right back up again.MARKED
Political manipulation notwithstanding, the truth is that the fundamentals for petroleum are wildly bullish and all the governments put together will not succeed in suppressing the price of oil. AND In summary, we view the panic fueled sell off in the nuclear sector as a great opportunity for the patient investor
1AR
No impact to Russian economy Blackwill, Council of Foreign Relations Senior Fellow, 9 Robert D, 2009, RAND, “The Geopolitical Consequences of the World Economic Recession—A Caution” http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/occasional_papers/2009/RAND_OP275.pdf p. 5 7/10/13 EYS Now on to Russia. Again, five years from today.
AND 26 None of these enduring objectives of Russian foreign policy are likely to be changed in any serious way by the economic crisis.
11/12/13
2AC-Marquette-RD6
Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 6 | Opponent: Marquette | Judge: Lee Tatch T A. Counter Interpretation; Economic engagement includes both explicit quid pro quos and unconditional strategies. Kahler, Professor of Political Science at UC San Diego and Kastner, Professor of Gov’t and Politics @ U of Maryland, 6 (Miles and Scott, “Strategic Uses of Interdependence”, www.bsos.umd.edu/gvpt/kastner/KahlerKastner.doc? , Accessed 7/7/13 GAL)
Scholars have usefully distinguished between two types of economic engagement: conditional policies that require an explicit quid-pro-quo AND act as a transforming agent that helps to reshape the goals of the target state. Heidegger Focusing on government policy-making is productive – critical approaches can’t resolve real world problems McClean, Mollow College Philosophy Professor, 01 David E., Adjunct Professor of Philosophy, Molloy College, New York, 2001 “The Cultural Left and the Limits of Social Hope,” Presented at the 2001 Annual Conference of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy, Available Online at www.american-philosophy.org/archives/past_conference_programs/pc2001/Discussion20papers/david_mcclean.htm, JMP, Accessed on July 5, 2013)SP Yet for some reason, at least partially explicated in Richard Rorty's Achieving Our Country, a book that I think is long overdue, AND This might help keep us from being slapped down in debates by true policy pros who actually know what they are talking about but who lack awareness of the dogmatic assumptions from which they proceed, and who have not yet found a good reason to listen to jargon-riddled lectures from philosophers and culture critics with their snobish disrespect for the so-called "managerial class."
2. Perm solves- The world of technology can operate within Heidegger’s idea of the alternative. Heidegger does not oppose technology, just questions the way it is evaluated, as long as we can consider the meaning of technology of our own making, we can avoid the danger it presents. Cariño 09 Jovito, Mentor College of Architecture University of Santo Tomas. Philippiniana Sacra Vol. 44 Issue 132, p491-504, 14p, “Heidegger and the Danger of Modern Technology”, 2009, SM, accessed: 6/29/11 The benefits of modern technology can never be overstated and Heidegger himself is not discounting them
AND as we consider technology as something neutral, then the essence of technology and its danger shall remain unknown to us.
3. The alternative fails it prevents action- the permutation can effectively solve for the world’s problems Houseman and Flynn, professors of philosophy Emory, 2011 (Benjamin and Thomas, “Cooling Down Global Warming: Revisiting Sartre and Heidegger on this Modern Day Challenge”) Having said that, though, Heidegger never explicitly states how this mode of¶ dwelling described as a releasement toward things will allow us to say both yes and no to¶ technology—how it will guide us towards finding the hidden meaning in technology.¶ AND everyday¶ hustle-bustle and finds meaning in what presences around us through careful¶ consideration and a non-doing that lets being be.
4. Technology is not inherently evil- we have to combine the definitions to determine the essence of technology Idhe, Professor of Philosophy and the Director of the Technoscience Research Group at Stony Brook, 2010 (Don, Heidegger’s Technologies, Project Muse, Pg. 29-31 To uncover the phenomenon, it must be free from its layers of less¶ adequate interpretation which, again in typical fashion, Heidegger attributes¶ to a ‘‘subjective’’ understanding, here called the instrumental and¶ anthropological definitions of technology.¶ AND Variables given in¶ this sense are particular shapes of the invariant revealing-concealing structure¶ of truth. 7. Heidegger predetermines the result of ontological interrogation ensuring that ontology precludes ethical considerations from occurring. This inevitably recreates orders of violence. Emmanuel Levinas, professor of philosophy, Totality and Infinity: An Essay on Exteriority, 1969, pg. 45-46 The primacy of ontology for Heidegger does not rest on the truism: AND here exists anonymously. Universality presents itself as impersonal; and this is another inhumanity. 9. No link- There is no inherent evil in science- it enables a self-reflective process that solves the impact Richardson, professor emeritus of philosophy at Boston College. , 2012 (Williams, “Heidegger’s Critique of Science”, Heidegger on Science edited by Trish Glazebrook, Project Muse, Pg 33-34) The scientific method implies that the scientist conceives of himself as a¶ subject and of the beings with which he deals in research as objects that¶ are posed before him to be investigated. This seems innocuous enough.¶ AND the thinker’s certainty of his own existence..
CIR No aging crisis impact – aging crisis exaggerated, no dependency, cross-country studies prove Hamilton 1 – Institute director, citing Dr. Kinnear Dr. Clive, “Ageing Crisis A Myth,” 12-16-1, accessed 2-10-13, mss The paper shows that the expected costs of retirement incomes and health for the elderly have been exaggerated AND Rising health costs are caused mainly by factors other than ageing such as the growth of medical technology, rising consumer demand and escalating prices. 3. Will not pass Steve Benon, producer of the Rachel Maddow Show 10/18/13 09:36 http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/gop-already-balking-new-immigration-push The push came on the heels of similar remarks from Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-Nev.), AND Presumably, then, that’s an outcome Republicans prefer to inflict on themselves? 5. Plan should have already triggered the link, Obama already pushing massive renewable projects Lederman 2013 (Josh; President Obama to expand Renewable Energy; June 25; www.abcactionnews.com/dpp/news/political/president-obama-to-expand-renewable-energy; kdf) WASHINGTON (AP) - President Barack
AND Environmental groups say Obama's most important step will be to launch a process to regulate carbon emissions from existing power plants. ¶ The groups were not authorized to discuss Obama's plan publicly and demanded anonymity. ¶ Obama will unveil his national climate plan Tuesday at Georgetown University.
Voters just love government investment in renewable energy — much more than their representatives in Washington, it seems. I was reading an analysis of the State of the Union Address based AND Some day, some masterful, Churchillian politician will figure this all out and lead the country toward true clean energy revolution. Some day.
7. PC theory is wrong – winners win Hirsh, National Journal Chief Correspondent, 13 – National Journal chief correspondent, citing various political scientists Michael, former Newsweek senior correspondent, "There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital," National Journal, 2-9-13, www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207, accessed 2-8-13, mss The idea of political capital—or mandates, or momentum— AND Johnson had the skill and wherewithal to realize that, at that moment of history, he could have unlimited coinage if he handled the politics right. He did. (At least until Vietnam, that is.)
10. Energy Department does the plan- no link to politics Hattem and Goad, 8/13 (Julian, Staff writer at the Hill Washington Correspondent at The Yomiuri Shimbun Reporting Intern at Huffington Post Investigative Fund Project Coordinator at Arete Fund and Ben, Reporter at The Press Enterprise, 8/26/13, The Hill, “REGULATION NATION: Obama bypassing Congress on climate,” http://thehill.com/blogs/regwatch/administration/318599-regulation-nation-obama-pins-climate-hopes-on-bypassing-congress Most of the climate initiative can be achieved without congressional backing, AND Supporters say that the Obama has no choice than to act through regulations, given the political landscape.
Oil DA High oil prices increases likelihood of Russian economic crash Englund, Washington Post, 11 Will, March 21, 2011 “Increase in oil revenue amid unrest in Arab world gives Russia some breathing room” http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/10/AR2011031001553.html 7/10/13 EYS But with increased oil revenue also comes the danger of complacency. Bureaucrats, defense contractors, pensioners and workers in construction and finance all stand to gain from the money coming in, along with the oil companies. AND Guriev said, and they are central to Medvedev's vision for the future of Russia. OPEC maintains high prices Levi, David M. Rubenstein senior fellow, 12 Michael, July/August 2012, “Think Again: The American Energy Boom” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/06/18/think_again_the_american_energy_boom?wp_login_redirect=0 7/10/13 EYS "We Can Drill Our Way Out of High Prices." Don't bet on it. Some people claim that unleashing U.S. oil and gas resources would slash the price of crude. AND The net impact was a mere 4 cents a gallon fall. Why? All but a sliver of the increase in U.S. output was matched by cutbacks in the Middle East, leaving oil prices barely changed.
Even if OPEC fails, marginal costs ensure high prices Mackenzie, Financial Times editor, 12 Kate, May 02, 2012 “Marginal oil production osts are heading towards $100/barrel” http://ftalphaville.ft.com/blog/2012/05/02/983171/marginal-oil-production-costs-are-heading-towards-100barrel/ 7/10/13 EYS Bernstein’s energy analysts have looked at the upstream costs for the 50 biggest listed oil producers and found that — surprise, surprise — AND As global demand has surged over the past decade the marginal cost of production and oil prices have increased, as the industry has venture to increasingly higher cost (smaller, deeper fields) and more marginal regions (deep water, high arctic) to produce the incremental barrel of oil.
No capacity for backstopping Saxena, Puru Saxena Wealth Management founder, 11 Puru, Jul 18, 2011 “An Epic Energy Crunch, Global Crude Oil Demand Exceeds Production” http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article29323.html 7/10/13 EYS The majority of the world’s developed economies are growing at a sluggish pace, yet the price of NYMEX crude is trading around US$100 per barrel. Interestingly, the price of Brent Crude AND This ‘oil pour’ created a lot of sensational headlines in the media and caused the price of crude to drop sharply. However, this decline proved to be short-lived and the oil price bounced right back up again.MARKED
Political manipulation notwithstanding, the truth is that the fundamentals for petroleum are wildly bullish and all the governments put together will not succeed in suppressing the price of oil. AND In summary, we view the panic fueled sell off in the nuclear sector as a great opportunity for the patient investor
1AR
No impact to Russian economy Blackwill, Council of Foreign Relations Senior Fellow, 9 Robert D, 2009, RAND, “The Geopolitical Consequences of the World Economic Recession—A Caution” http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/occasional_papers/2009/RAND_OP275.pdf p. 5 7/10/13 EYS Now on to Russia. Again, five years from today.
AND 26 None of these enduring objectives of Russian foreign policy are likely to be changed in any serious way by the economic crisis.
11/12/13
2AC-Newport-RD 2
Tournament: Tahoma | Round: 2 | Opponent: Newport | Judge: Thomas QPQ A. Counter Interpretation; Economic engagement includes both explicit quid pro quos and unconditional strategies. Kahler, Professor of Political Science at UC San Diego and Kastner, Professor of Gov’t and Politics @ U of Maryland, 6 (Miles and Scott, “Strategic Uses of Interdependence”, www.bsos.umd.edu/gvpt/kastner/KahlerKastner.doc? , Accessed 7/7/13 GAL)
Scholars have usefully distinguished …. a transforming agent that helps to reshape the goals of the target state.
No capacity for backstopping Saxena, Puru Saxena Wealth Management founder, 11 Puru, Jul 18, 2011 “An Epic Energy Crunch, Global Crude Oil Demand Exceeds Production” http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article29323.html 7/10/13 EYS The majority of the world’s developed economies are growing at a sluggish pace, yet the price of NYMEX crude is trading around US$100 per barrel.
…… In summary, we view the panic fueled sell off in the nuclear sector as a great opportunity for the patient investor
SO2 Screw SO2 isn’t sufficient to offset increasing CO2 NewScientist.com, Weekly science and technology news magazine, considered by some to be the world's best, with diverse subject matter, 2004, (2004 “Climate Change,” www.newscientist.com/hottopics/climate/climatefaq.jsp)
Right again. One of the nice ironies of this story is that burning coal and oil produces sulphate particles - which make acid rain. ….. If you carry on burning a given amount of fossil fuel, the cooling effect of the sulphates will remain constant, while the warming effect of C02 will keep on increasing. So sulphates are not a solution.
Black aerosols outweigh reflective particles Science Daily, Breaking science news and articles on global warming, extrasolar planets, stem cells, bird flu, autism, nanotechnology, dinosaurs, evolution -- the latest 10 (Best Hope for Saving Arctic Sea Ice Is Cutting Soot Emissions, Say Researchers, July 30, 2010, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100728092617.htm)
The quickest, best way to slow the rapid melting of Arctic sea ice is to reduce soot emissions from the burning of fossil fuel, ….. because there is not an efficient mechanism to cool the ocean down in the short term."
Blackouts are inevitable and U.S. Mexico grid cooperation solves Power Engineering International, 2008 (01/04, “Achieving Versatile power sharing between the USA and Mexico http://www.powerengineeringint.com/articles/print/volume-16/issue-3/features/network-interconnection/achieving-versatile-power-sharing-between-the-usa-and-mexico.html, accessed 7/10, J.Y.) With strengthened grid reliability a priority for the customer, Sharyland Utilities, ….. high performance digital signal processors (SHARC). This gives an unequalled calculation capacity that is used to fine-tune the performance of the converter firing control system during various system disturbances.
Tournament: ASU | Round: Octas | Opponent: Hamilton | Judge: Gulati, Brantly, Marcus Apoc Rhetoric
Disengagement from the political sphere cedes control to the far right – this causes violence, oppression, and straight turns the K Richard Rorty, professor emeritus of comparative literature and philosophy at Stanford University, “Achieving Our Country: Leftist Thought in Twentieth-Century America, 1998, pp. 89-94 Many writers on socioeconomic policy have warned that the old industrialized democracies are heading into a Weimar-like period, one in which populist movements are likely to overturn constitutional governments. Edward Luttwak, for example, has suggested that fascism may be the American future. The point of his book The Endangered …. These result in an intellec¬tual environment which is, as Mark Edmundson says in his book Nightmare on Main Street, Gothic. The cultural Left is haunted by ubiquitous specters, the most frightening of which is called "power." This is the name of what Edmund¬son calls Foucault's "haunting agency, which is everywhere and nowhere, as evanescent and insistent as a resourceful spook."10
Policy analysis should precede discourse – most effective way to challenge power Taft-Kaufman ’95 Jill Taft-Kaufman, Speech prof @ CMU, 1995, Southern Comm. Journal, Spring, v. 60, Iss. 3, “Other Ways”, p pq The postmodern passwords of "polyvocality," "Otherness," and "difference," unsupported by substantial analysis of the concrete contexts of subjects, creates a solipsistic quagmire …. institutions, agencies, and the budgets that fuel them. Perm solves- Combining a focus on discursive power with political practice is the only way to ensure solvency Giroux, 6. Henry (Penn State Chair of Education and Cultural Studies), Dirty Democracy and States of Terrorism: The Politics of the New Authoritarianism in the United States in Comparative Studies of South Asia Volume 26 Number 6, p 176-177.
Abstracted from the ideal of public commitment, the new authoritarianism represents a …. One may view that intimate connection as another specimen of a vicious circle—but it is within that circle that human hopes and the chances of humanity are inscribed, and can be nowhere else.
The inclusion of hypothetical impact scenarios supercharges the deliberative process by providing a normative means of assessing consequences Larsen and Ostling 9 (Katarina Larsen, a KTH – Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Philosophy and History of Technology, Division of History of Science and Technology, Teknikringen 76, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, Ulrika Gunnarsson-Östling, KTH – Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Planning and Environment, Division of Environmental Strategies Research, Drottning Kristinas väg 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, “Climate change scenarios and citizen-participation: Mitigation and adaptation perspectives in constructing sustainable futures,” Volume 33, Issue 3, July 2009, Pages 260–266, Science Direct)
In constructing normative scenarios a set of images are generated illustrating future ways of living, travelling and consuming products and services …. However, similar reasoning about legitimacy of these processes suggests that people who are not allowed (by some reason) to take part in the process might not experience the result as legitimate. Thus, the external legitimacy might be low.
Eco-securitization opens space for pluralist debate to foster support for effective solutions Dabelko 97 – director, Environmental Change and Security Project (Geoffrey, Environment and Security, SAIS Review 17.1, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/sais_review/v017/17.1dabelko.html)
Undoubtedly, environment and security research, rhetoric, and activities--and the sobering statistics and trenchant analyses of environment and population dynamics that accompany them--have significantly raised the profile of many environmental concerns. ….. priorities for the twenty-first century, the vibrant debates concerning environment and security matters will continue to be instructive.
Representations of ecological crisis are good – rejecting apocalyptic rhetoric would destroy the environmental movement. True, Earth won’t cease to exist, but all of humanity actually could die. Foster 98 (1998, John Bellamy Foster, a member of the Board of the Monthly Review Foundation, teaches sociology at the University of Oregon and is coeditor of Organization and Environment, Monthly Review, April, findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1132/is_/ai_20931195, da 2/10, mat)
The postulation of a planetary ecological crisis, the very idea that the planet is somehow `vulnerable' to human action or …. It might have been added that the survival of the human species was also in doubt as a result of these very same processes.
Linking environment to security is the only way to solve for environmental issues in a holistic manner Graeger, International Peace Research Institute, 1996 (Nina, February, “Environmental Security?”, Journal of Peace Research, volume: 33, Pg. 109-111)
It seems virtually impossible to agree on an unambigious definition of environmental security - or, indeed, whether it is a fruitful concept at all. There are, however, at least ……
It has become legitimate for mainstream politicians to speak out in favour of an environmentally responsible security policy. Environmental security may still be mostly a politically attractive slogan, but environmental sustainability has indeed become part of the 'high politics' sphere in several Western countries. Case outweighs—evaluate issue-specific securitization first Floyd in 07 (Rita Floyd, University of Warwick, Review of International Studies, Vol 33 p 327-250) Towards a consequentialist evaluation of security Considering the two brief overviews of the different schools provided in the first section, it could be argued that …. ‘every moral theory invokes values such that it can make sense to recommend in consequentialist fashion that they be promoted or in non-consequentialist fashion that they be honoured,
Government PIC
First, role playing is essential to teaching responsible political practice Esberg and Sagan ’12 Jane Esberg, special assistant to the director at NYU’s Center on International Cooperation, and Scott Sagan, professor of political science and director of Stanford’s Center for International Security and Cooperation, “NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION: Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy,” The Nonproliferation Review, vol. 19, issue 1, 2012, pp. 95-108, taylor and francis These government or quasi-government ….. argue, brief, and negotiate with others.13 Facts can change quickly; simulations teach students how to contextualize and act on information.14 “Federal Government” means the central government in Washington D.C. Encarta ‘2K (Online Encyclopedia, http://encarta.msn.com) “The federal government of the United States is centered in Washington DC” United States Federal Government should” means the debate is solely about the outcome of a policy established by governmental means Ericson, California Polytechnic Dean Emeritus, 03 (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)
The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, each topic contains certain key elements, ….. What you agree to do, then, when you accept the affirmative side in such a debate is to offer sufficient and compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action that you propose.
That turns the K – focusing on the details and inner-workings of government policy-making is productive – critical approaches can’t resolve real world problems like poverty, racism and war McClean, Mollow College Philosophy Professor, 01 David E., Adjunct Professor of Philosophy, Molloy College, New York, 2001 “The Cultural Left and the Limits of Social Hope,” Presented at the 2001 Annual Conference of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy, Available Online at www.american-philosophy.org/archives/past_conference_programs/pc2001/Discussion20papers/david_mcclean.htm, JMP, Accessed on July 5, 2013)SP Yet for some reason, at least partially explicated in Richard Rorty's Achieving Our Country, a book that I think is long overdue, …. from philosophers and culture critics with their snobish disrespect for the so-called "managerial class."
Yes the government has flawed components but challenging our understanding of government is important and valuable through discussion of federal policies--- Learning that language allows us to confront and challenge those institutions outside of this round and resolves a lot of the impacts they discuss Hoppe, Twente University policy professor, 99 Robbert, Professor of Policy and knowledge in the Faculty of Management and Governance at Twente University “Argumentative Turn,” Science and Public Policy, volume 26, number 3, June 1999, pages 201–210
ACCORDING TO LASSWELL (1971), policy science is about the production and application of knowledge of and in policy. Policy-makers who desire to tackle problems on the political agenda successfully, …..
post-parliamentary democracy; and to a broader audience of an ideologically disoriented and politically disenchanted citizenry.
2/9/14
2AC-Polytechnic AA-Octos
Tournament: Alta | Round: Octas | Opponent: Polytechnic AA | Judge: Idriss, Conklin, Uncle Jimmy Plan Flaw
Ask 4 analytics
Wholism
Consequentialism is the most moral standard for policymakers Robert E. Goodin, professor of social sciences and philosopher at the Research School of Social Sciences at Australian National University, Utilitarianism as a Public Philosophy, 1995, p. 4 The thesis or this book is that at least one normative theory, …. utilitarian doctrine. Indeed, in my view they make it almost indecent to apply any other. Consequentialism is the only way that policymakers can deal with an uncertain world Robert E. Goodin, professor of social sciences and philosopher at the Research School of Social Sciences at Australian National University, Utilitarianism as a Public Philosophy, 1995, p. 26 The great advantage of utilitarianism as a guide to public conduct ……. The fixation on motives makes absolutely no sense in the public realm, and might make precious little sense in the private one even, as Chapter 3 shows.
Lacan D.) Philosophically analyzing the aff and policy actions are not pragmatic and will lead to stalemate in the impending collapse of civilization- we have a moral obligation to act pragmatically- now is key to act- we’re the only policy that can solve Scranton, 11/10 (Roy, Department of English at Princeton University, joined the English Department in 2010. His interestsinclude the literature and cultures of war, 20th-century American literature, and the rhetoric and practice of experimental literature, His scholarship and essays have been published or are forthcoming in Contemporary Literature, Theory and Event, the New York Times, Boston Review, Bookforum, and elsewhere. He has also published fiction in Prairie Schooner, Epiphany, and LIT. He is co-editor of Fire and Forget: Short Stories from the Long War (Da Capo, 2013), an anthology of literary fiction by veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan. 11/10/13, The New York Times, “Learning How to Die in the Anthropocene,” http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/10/learning-how-to-die-in-the-anthropocene/?_r=1and, Accessed: 11/13/13, LPS.)
Geological time scales, civilizational collapse and species extinction give rise to profound problems that humanities scholars and academic philosophers, with their taste for fine-grained analysis, esoteric debates and archival marginalia, might seem remarkably ill suited to address. After all, how will thinking about Kant help us trap carbon dioxide? ….. If we want to learn to live in the Anthropocene, we must first learn how to die.¶ E) Policy debate is good for education, the development of empathy, and producing real world engagement from participants. Clear rules, a stable topic, and institutional role playing and simulation are integral to the process. The things you criticize about debate make it a unique exercise in active learning. Lantis 8 (Jeffrey S. Lantis is Professor in the Department of Political Science and Chair of the International Relations Program at The College of Wooster, “The State of the Active Teaching and Learning Literature”, http://www.isacompss.com/info/samples/ thestateoftheactiveteachingandlearningliterature_sample.pdf)
Simulations, games, and role-play represent a third important set of active teaching and learning approaches. …. the development of empathy, and acquisition and retention of knowledge.
Pragmatism Good Deconstruction and pragmatism agree on the necessity of using the plan as a problem solving tool. Even if their criticism is correct, we should not use philosophy as an excuse to disengage from politics. Their rejection claim is also a rejection of the philosophical tradition that produced Derridean thinking. Rorty 1999 (Richard, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Virginia, Philosophy and Social Hope, pp. xii-xv) So far I have been speaking of 'we so-called relativists' and …. We can throw it away not because we have reached a final resting place, but because we have different problems to solve than those which perplexed our ancestors.
THE LINK IS A LIE: Lacan’s Lack is merely a secondary after-effect to the illusions of ego and meaning – there is no lack inherent in reality. Holland 1999 (Eugene, Associate Professor of French and Comparative Literature at the Ohio State University; Deleuze and Guatarri’s Anti-Oedipus and introduction to Schitzoanalysis) Pg 51-52 Yet as virulent as the Lacanian critique of the unified subject has …. the original top half of the schema, transforming partial-objects into whole-objects, and subjects as well as objects of desire into global persons.
? Psychoanalysis cannot achieve anything – their strategy is limited to reframing and reinterpreting events. Hoenisch 06 (Steve, PhD, The Myth of Psychoanalysis: Wittgenstein Contra Freud, http://www.criticism.com/md/tech.html) My central thesis is that if, as Wittgenstein says, ….. the metaphysical problems may be unsolvable. For another, they may not be problems at all, but only appear, through the haze of language, as problems.
The Lacanian alternative results in conservatism Robinson 5 (Andrew, PhD in political theory at the University of Nottingham, “The Political Theory of Constitutive Lack,” Johns Hopkins University Press)
It is in this pragmatism that the ambiguity of ….. Lacanian theory tends, therefore, to produce an "anything goes" attitude to state action: because everything else is contingent, nothing is to limit the practical consideration of tactics by dominant elites. Link – Using disability such as “the analyst” as a metaphor perpetuates ableism Ben-Moshe, Syracuse University, Doctorate in Disabilities studies, 5 (Liat, 4-1-05,“Building Pedagogical Curb Cuts: Incorporating Disability in the University Classroom and Curriculum,” http://www.syr.edu/gradschool/pdf/resourcebooksvideos/Pedagogical20Curb20Cuts.pdf, accessed: 7-5-2012, p.107, CAS)
In the English language, using disability as a metaphor, an analogy and a derogatory term is common. …. perpetuates false beliefs about disability and creates an environment of unease and exclusion.
Oppression is the systematic victimization of one group by another …..
Disability represents at this moment in time the final frontier of justifiable human inferiority.
1AR
Wholism
Ethical obligations are tautological—the only coherent rubric is to maximize number of lives saved Greene 2010 Associate Professor of the Social Sciences Department of Psychology Harvard University (Joshua, Moral Psychology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, “The Secret Joke of Kant’s Soul”, www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/lchang/material/Evolutionary/Developmental/Greene-KantSoul.pdf
What turn-of-the-millennium science is telling us is that human moral judgment is not a pristine rational enterprise …..
. But, as with many religious people's accounts of what's essential to religion, they don't really explain what's distinctive about the philosophy in
Like every ism, ableism is absorbed through the culture on a more subconscious level, embedding itself in our language like a guerrilla force. ……..
Crazy is also often used to describe a neurotypical person that the speaker disagrees with. It’s used to discredit able-privileged persons by saying that they are actually mentally disabled – and what could be worse than that?
MARKED
Examples: “Tom Cruise is fucking crazy. Seriously, he’s batshit insane about Prozac, yelling at Matt Lauer and shit.” … It’s used to discredit, to marginalize, to make sure that we feel shame for our disability and discourage self-care, to make sure that those of us brave enough to publicly identify as having mental disabilities are continually discredited.
Alternative – Vote for us to reject their speech act - Ableism must be challenged at the level of rhetoric Cherney, Wayne State University, Department of Communications, Assistant Professor 11 (James L, 2011, Disability Studies Quarterly, “The Rhetoric of Ableism”,Vol 31, No 3, http://dsq-sds.org/article/view/1665/1606, accessed 7-4-12 FFF)
In this essay I analyze ableism as a rhetorical problem for three reasons. First, ableist culture sustains and perpetuates itself via rhetoric; …… reduces their symbolic potential, and can even transform them into superficial measures that give the appearance of change yet elide a recalcitrant ableist system.
12/10/13
2AC-Saint Francis-Octos
Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: Octas | Opponent: Saint Francis-GR | Judge: Paige Spraker, Goldberg, Matt Filpi Case Their discourse and ontology arguments are non-falsifiable and can’t produce a coherent method for understanding terrorism. Jones, Associate Professor and editorial board member on the Studies in Conflict and Terrorism and Smith, Professor of War Studies, 8 (David Martin and M.L.R., April 13, 2008, “We’re All Terrorists Now: Critical—or Hypocritical—Studies “on” Terrorism?”Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, accessed 7/3/12, CPO)
The critical approach to language and its deconstruction of an otherwise useful, if imperfect, political vocabulary has been the source of much confusion and inconsequentiality in the practice of the social sciences
…… this confused mixture of fact and discourse that critical thinking seeks to impose on the study of terrorism and infuses the practice of critical theory more generally. From this confused seed no coherent method grows.
In certain settings, the Copenhagen School seems very close to this position. Securitization must be understood as both an existing reality and a continual possibility. ……
they link clearly to some of the most interesting current analyses of the practical ethics of social-constructivism.
EE
Economic Engagement A. Counter Interpretation; Economic engagement includes infrastructure development and technical assistance. Daily News 7 ("India attaches highest importance to Lankan ties," 1/26, http://www.dailynews.lk/2007/01/26/news33.asp Accessed 7/7/13)
Bilateral economic and commercial relations between India and Sri Lanka are multi-faceted. The wide swath of our economic engagement includes buoyant trade, investments, services, infrastructure development, technical training and extension of lines of credit. B. We have an embedded critique of your definition of economic engagement – the devaluing of our type of engagement is how low-income communities are cast out from development and the project of modernity. Community Economies Collective 01 (Brian Bannon, Carole Biewener, Jeff Boulet, Ken Byrne, Jenny Cameron, Gabriela Delgadillo, Rebecca Forest, Katherine Gibson, Julie Graham, Stephen Healy, Greg Horvath, Beth Rennekamp, et. al) 2001 “IMAGINING AND ENACTING NONCAPITALIST FUTURES” Socialist Review, Vol 28, Nos. 3 + 4 online @ http://www.communityeconomies.org/papers/rethink/rethinkp2imagining31.pdf I am interested in imagining alternative approaches to economic development in South Holyoke and in inner-city neighborhoods generally. Such neighborhoods usually have a high percentage of low-income, female-headed, single-parent households. Mainstream representations situate these households within a racialized discourse of cultural pathology. …. Where the mainstream sees absence or emptiness, we see presence and fullness.
Colonialism K
Disengagement from the political sphere cedes control to the far right – this causes violence, oppression, and straight turns the K Richard Rorty, professor emeritus of comparative literature and philosophy at Stanford University, “Achieving Our Country: Leftist Thought in Twentieth-Century America, 1998, pp. 89-94 Many writers on socioeconomic policy have warned that the old industrialized democracies are heading into a Weimar-like period, one in which populist movements are likely to overturn constitutional governments. Edward Luttwak, for example, has suggested that fascism may be the American future. The point of his book The Endangered Ameri¬can Dream is that ….. The cultural Left is haunted by ubiquitous specters, the most frightening of which is called "power." This is the name of what Edmund¬son calls Foucault's "haunting agency, which is everywhere and nowhere, as evanescent and insistent as a resourceful spook."10 The state should be rearticulated towards emancipatory ends Martin and Pierce ’13 Deborah G. Martin, Joseph Pierce, “Reconceptualizing Resistance: Residuals of the State and Democratic Radical Pluralism,” Antipode, Vol. 45, Issue 1, pp. 61-79, January 2013, DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2012.00980.x The state offers a complex set of power structures against and with which resistance struggles (Holloway 2005; Scott 1988; Tormey 2004). …. , one we explore further in the rest of this paper.
Role playing is essential to teaching responsible political practice Esberg and Sagan ’12 Jane Esberg, special assistant to the director at NYU’s Center on International Cooperation, and Scott Sagan, professor of political science and director of Stanford’s Center for International Security and Cooperation, “NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION: Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy,” The Nonproliferation Review, vol. 19, issue 1, 2012, pp. 95-108, taylor and francis These government or quasi-government think tank simulations often provide very similar lessons for high-level players as are learned by students in educational simulations …. .13 Facts can change quickly; simulations teach students how to contextualize and act on information.14
Their criticism will be co-opted by the right – ensures worse exploitation Wapner ‘3 Paul Wapner, associate professor and director of the Global Environmental Policy Program at American University. “Leftist Criticism of "Nature" Environmental Protection in a Postmodern Age,” Dissent Winter 2003 http://www.dissentmagazine.org/menutest/archives/2003/wi03/wapner.htm The postmodern argument also poses challenges for anyone concerned with environmental protection. …. whether they come from the left or are co-opted by the right, are playing an increasing role in structuring the confrontation between anti- and pro-environmentalists. And they are re-setting the fault lines within the environmental movement itself.
Alt fails- Colonialism cannot be stopped- neocolonialism is being successfully channeled through nationalist patriarchal elites. Shohat 1992 Ella, Prof. of Cultural Studies at NYU, 1992, “Notes on the "Post-Colonial" http://www.jstor.org/stable/466220?origin=JSTOR-pdfand, Accessed 7/8/13- JM The hegemonic structures and conceptual frameworks generated over the last five hundred years cannot be vanquished by waving the magical wand of the "postcolonial." ….. The "neo-colonial," like the "post-colonial" also suggests continuities and discontinuities, but its emphasis is on the new modes and forms of the old colonialist practices, not on a "beyond."
Perm do the plan and reject in all other instances of colonialism Using Decoloniality as a metaphor turns decolonialization into an empty signifier and equivocates the different forms of suffering that happen under colonialism Tuck and Yang. 2012 Eve Tuck is an assistant professor of educational foundations at the State University of New York at New Paltz. Her writing, which has been concerned with Indigenous theories, qualitative research, research ethics, and theories of change, has appeared in the Harvard Educational Review, the Urban Review and several edited volumes, including Ethical Futures in Qualitative Research and the Handbook of Critical and Indigenous Methodologies. K. Wayne Yang is an assistant professor at UC San Diego. Ph.D., 2004, Social and Cultural Studies, University of California, Berkeley. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. 1-?40 In this set of settler colonial relations, colonial subjects who are displaced by external colonialism, …. This is precisely why decolonization is necessarily unsettling, especially across lines of solidarity. “Decolonization never takes place unnoticed” (Fanon, 1963, p. 36). Settler colonialism and its decolonization implicates and unsettles everyone. Blindly engaging in one methodology falls short. Institutional debate about these issues creates the possibility for difference Lander, Central University of Venezuela Professor, 2k (Edgardo, Sociologist, Venezuelan, professor at the Central University of Venezuela and a Fellow of the Transnational Institute, 2000, Nepantla: Views from South, Volume 1, Issue 3, “Eurocentrism and Colonialism in Latin American Social Thought”, pp. 519-523, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/nepantla/summary/v001/1.3lander.html, Accessed 7/5/13, JB)
These debates create possibilities for new intellectual strategies to address the challenges posed by the crisis of modernity for Latin American critical theory. …… North American universities (Escobar 1995; Mignolo 1996a,1996b; Coronil 1996, 1997).
Their epistemology indicts don't decrease the value of our truth claims - epistemological uncertainty doesn't preclude taking action to stop suffering Cowen ‘4 Tyler Cowen, Department of Economics at George Mason University, "The Epistemic Problem Does Not Refute Consequentialism," 2 November 2004, http://www.gmu.edu/jbc/Tyler/Epistemic2.pdf, p. 14-15) The epistemic critique relies heavily on a complete lack of information about initial circumstances. …… The critique appears strongest only when we have absolutely no idea about the future; this is a special rather than a general case. Simply boosting the degree of background generic uncertainty should not stop us from pursuing large upfront benefits of obvious importance.
Alt fails - rejecting or eradicating colonialism just allows other worse pervasive and exclusionary form of epistemology and knowledge production from seeping in - turns the K Wallerstein, is an American sociologist, historical social scientist, and world-systems analyst, 97 (Immanuel, an American sociologist, historical social scientist, and world-systems analyst. His bimonthly commentaries on world affairs are syndicated, 1997, Binghamton.edu "Eurocentrism and its Avatars: The Dilemmas of Social Science," http://www2.binghamton.edu/fbc/archive/iweuroc.htm, Accessed: 7/6/13, LPS.)
This kind of revisionist historiography is often persuasive in detail, and certainly tends to be cumulative. …. Before, however, we can tackle this large question, we must review some of the other critiques of Eurocentrism.
1/5/14
2AC-Skyview- RD 2
Tournament: Alta | Round: 2 | Opponent: Skyview | Judge: Belisle Case
Blackouts are inevitable and U.S. Mexico grid cooperation solves Power Engineering International, 2008 (01/04, “Achieving Versatile power sharing between the USA and Mexico http://www.powerengineeringint.com/articles/print/volume-16/issue-3/features/network-interconnection/achieving-versatile-power-sharing-between-the-usa-and-mexico.html, accessed 7/10, J.Y.) With strengthened grid reliability a priority for the customer, Sharyland Utilities, ABB designed an HVDC solution that includes a unique ‘black start’ emergency assistance capability …. This gives an unequalled calculation capacity that is used to fine-tune the performance of the converter firing control system during various system disturbances.
Apoc Rhetoric
A.) Policy discussion about Latin America key to education Cook, Education Practitioner, 85 Kay K., September 1985, “Latin American Studies”, http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-923/latin.htm, accessed 7/7/13, ALT
Gallup polls indicate that Latin America--Mexico, Central America, South America, and the independent countries of the Caribbean--is a region about which United States citizens are poorly informed (Glab 1981). …..
Case studies, decision-making exercises, and role playing have been effective methods of introducing Latin American culture and erasing preconceived notions about that region.
C. Nuclear war outweighs- survival is a prerequisite to other values. Nye, Professor of Political Science @ Harvard, 86 (Joseph S., Served as Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs; “Nuclear Ethics” pg. 45-46)
Is there any end that could justify a nuclear war that threatens the survival of the species …… The degree of that risk is a justifiable topic of both prudential and moral reasoning.
d. Focusing on government policy-making is productive – critical approaches can’t resolve real world problems McClean, Mollow College Philosophy Professor, 01 David E., Adjunct Professor of Philosophy, Molloy College, New York, 2001 “The Cultural Left and the Limits of Social Hope,” Presented at the 2001 Annual Conference of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy, Available Online at www.american-philosophy.org/archives/past_conference_programs/pc2001/Discussion20papers/david_mcclean.htm, JMP, Accessed on July 5, 2013)SP Yet for some reason, at least partially explicated in Richard Rorty's Achieving Our Country, a book that I think is long overdue, ….. philosophers and culture critics with their snobish disrespect for the so-called "managerial class."
Policy analysis should precede discourse – most effective way to challenge power Taft-Kaufman ’95 Jill Taft-Kaufman, Speech prof @ CMU, 1995, Southern Comm. Journal, Spring, v. 60, Iss. 3, “Other Ways”, p pq The postmodern passwords of "polyvocality," "Otherness," and "difference," unsupported by substantial analysis of the concrete contexts of subjects, creates a solipsistic quagmire. …. institutions, agencies, and the budgets that fuel them.
Apocalyptic rhetoric motivates environmentalism. Salvador and Norton 11 (Michael Salvador - Michael Salvador is an Associate Professor in the Edward R. Murrow College of Communication at Washington State University and Todd Norton - Todd Norton is an Assistant Professor in the Edward R. Murrow College of Communication at Washington State University, “The Flood Myth in the Age of Global Climate Change,” 2/18/11, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2010.544749) Gangeezy
For Killingsworth and Palmer (1996), use of apocalyptic rhetoric has shifted in response to the changing relationship between the prevailing paradigm of human domination over nature*limitless American progress through technology and economic development* ….. of what could happen if action is not taken, if the problem goes untreated’’ (Killingsworth and Palmer, 1996, p. 22).
3. Perm solves- Combining a focus on discursive power with political practice is the only way to ensure solvency Giroux, 6. Henry (Penn State Chair of Education and Cultural Studies), Dirty Democracy and States of Terrorism: The Poli
This year will see very little progress in increasing potable water, sanitation and wastewater treatment coverages in Mexico, according to the government's first annual report. …… , previously told BNamericas that the government plans to invest an annual average of 42bn pesos in water infrastructure.
Economic Engagement A. Counter Interpretation; Economic engagement includes infrastructure development and technical assistance. Daily News 7 ("India attaches highest importance to Lankan ties," 1/26, http://www.dailynews.lk/2007/01/26/news33.asp Accessed 7/7/13)
Bilateral economic and commercial relations between India and Sri Lanka are multi-faceted. The wide swath of our economic engagement includes buoyant trade, investments, services, infrastructure development, technical training and extension of lines of credit.
Dev K
Philosophically analyzing the aff and policy actions are not pragmatic and will lead to stalemate in the impending collapse of civilization- we have a moral obligation to act pragmatically- now is key to act- we’re the only policy that can solve Scranton, 11/10 (Roy, Department of English at Princeton University, joined the English Department in 2010. His interestsinclude the literature and cultures of war, 20th-century American literature, and the rhetoric and practice of experimental literature, His scholarship and essays have been published or are forthcoming in Contemporary Literature, Theory and Event, the New York Times, Boston Review, Bookforum, and elsewhere. He has also published fiction in Prairie Schooner, Epiphany, and LIT. He is co-editor of Fire and Forget: Short Stories from the Long War (Da Capo, 2013), an anthology of literary fiction by veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan. 11/10/13, The New York Times, “Learning How to Die in the Anthropocene,” http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/10/learning-how-to-die-in-the-anthropocene/?_r=1and, Accessed: 11/13/13, LPS.)
Geological time scales, civilizational collapse and species extinction give rise to profound problems that humanities scholars and academic philosophers, …… If we want to learn to live in the Anthropocene, we must first learn how to die.¶
Postdevelopment fails – ambiguity dooms alternative solvency, modernity and capitalism are inescapable. Fernando, professor of political economy and sustainability development at University of Arizona, 3 (Jude L. Fernando, November 2003, “The Power of Unsustainable Development: What is To be Done?”, accessed 7/10/13, http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3658543.pdf, ST) The idea of sustainability entered the discourse of development at the same time as what is known as the "postdevelopmentalist" turn in thinking on development generally. …… sustainable development should be predicated on a sound theory of social change-one that takes into account what it is and what it ought to be for a sustainable world order.
Discourse doesn’t shape reality Roskoski and Peabody, Asst. General Counsel at Latham and Watkins, 94 (Matthew, Joe, 26 Oct 1994, Florida State University, “A Linguistic and Philosophical Critique of Language ‘Arguments’”, http://debate.uvm.edu/Library/DebateTheoryLibrary/RoskoskiandPeabody-LangCritiques, RJ) Initially, it is important to note that the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis does not intrinsically deserve presumption …… The prevalence of such multiple meanings in a debate context is demonstrated with every new topicality debate, where debaters spend entire rounds quibbling over multiple interpretations of a few words.1
Development is good – better living conditions for the South prove Simon, University of London Development Geography Professor and Director of the Centre for Developing Areas research, 97 (David, 6/12/97, Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography, “Devlopment Reconsidered: New Directions in Development Thinking,” p. 185-186, http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/490357.pdf?acceptTC=true , accessed 7/10/13, IC) In assessing the shortcomings or failures of devel-opment initiatives, …… Two of the most clear-cut ex- amples are Tanzania and Zimbabwe, as even the World Bank now readily acknowledges in its advo- cacy of greater attention to the social dimensions of adjustment (e.g. Cornia et al., 1992; Woodward, 1992; Simon et al., 1995; Husain and Faruqee, 1996; UNDP, annual).
Although the second and third of these concerns have been dominant in recent discussions of¶ renewable energy, the first should not be overlooked. In fact it has played a much more important role¶ in the history of ….. and¶ allows the farmer to think beyond the mere harvest of produce to products that have a higher degree of¶ value added Nieto Talks CP The condition of the CP forecloses open gift exchange and enables the worst forms of violence Vaughan ‘4 (Genevieve , “A radically different world is possible” http://www.gifteconomyconference.com/pages/confstate.html) The stage seems to have been set for the millennium by Patriarchy and Capitalism with wars and counter wars at the personal and at the political levels. Attack and reprisal seem to be the pattern of interaction of all. Even suspicion of intent to attack is thought to justify counterattack. …. We need to recognize the thread that unites us, that unites the women's movement with the movement of indigenous peoples, the movement against globalization, the movement for the elimination of hunger and disease, the movement against domestic violence and trafficking of women and children, the peace and ecology movements, the movements for alternative spiritualities and art.
# Main Entry: 1re·solve # Pronunciation: \ri-?zälv, -?zo?lv also -?zäv or -?zo?v\ # Function: verb # Inflected Form(s): re·solved; re·solv·ing 1 : to become separated into component parts; also : to become reduced by dissolving or analysis 2 : to form a resolution : determine 3 : consult, deliberate
Should means desirable or recommended, not mandatory Words and Phrases, 2002 (“Words and Phrases: Permanent Edition” Vol. 39 Set to Signed. Pub. By Thomson West. P. 372-373)
Or. 1952. Where safety regulation for sawmill industry providing that a two by two inch guard rail should be installed at extreme outer edge of walkways adjacent to sorting tables was immediately preceded by other regulations in which word “shall” instead of “should” was used, and word “should” did not appear to be result of inadvertent use in particular regulation, use of word “should” was intended to convey idea that particular precaution involved was desirable and recommended, but not mandatory. ORS 654.005 et seq.----Baldassarre v. West Oregon Lumber Co., 239 P.2d 839, 193 Or. 556.---Labor and Emp. 2857
Resolve: “To form a purpose; to make a decision; especially, to determine after reflection; as, to resolve on a better course of life.”
Uncertainty prevents commercial spillover – no commercialization of greentech Anadon et. al. 10 – Associate Director of Science, Technology, and Public Policy Program and Director of the Energy Technology Innovation Policy research group; Project Manager of the Energy Research, Development, Demonstration and Deployment Policy Project at the Harvard Kennedy School and part of Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs (Laura, December 1–2, 2010 “Transforming the Energy Economy: Options for Accelerating the Commercialization of Advanced Energy Technologies” http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/ETIP_Workshop_Framing_Statement_Dec_2010_2.pdf)//BB Policy and regulations have a significant impact on almost all aspects of energy technologies. ……. , or that mandates will not materialize (e.g., a Renewable Portfolio Standard or a Clean Energy Portfolio Standard for electricity).
That independently leads to warming-cross apply our internals and deibell
Shunning Shunning puts an unequal burden on the people of a nation—it creates larger injustices – that means inaction is worse Beversluis, Ph.D. in philosophy from Northwestern University, 89 Eric H., April, Public Affairs Quarterly, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 15-25, “ON SHUNNING UNDESIRABLE REGIMES: ETHICS AND ECONOMIC SANCTIONS”, accessed 7/3/13, VJ
Finally, shunning can itself cause injustices. Should we shun a nation that violates the rights of some or all of its citizens if the burden will fall primarily on those victims? …. which can be funded out of general revenues and thereby spread the burden fairly over the whole nation.
John Feeley, the Deputy Chief of Mission of the United States Embassy to Mexico, said on Tuesday that the U.S. government would not abandon the fight against drug trafficking and organized crime.¶ “ ….. Mexico has also played its part by launching actions against human trafficking and by guaranteeing the human rights of immigrants, Feeley added.
Must weigh consequences – their moral tunnel vision is complicit with the evil they criticize Isaac, Professor of Political Science at Indiana University 2 (Jeffrey C, Dissent Magazine, 49(2), “Ends, Means, and Politics”, Spring, Proquest)
As writers such as Niccolo Machiavelli, Max Weber, Reinhold Niebuhr, and Hannah Arendt have taught, an unyielding concern with moral goodness undercuts political responsibility. The concern ….. Moral absolutism inhibits this judgment. It alienates those who are not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness.
1AR
Blindly engaging in one methodology falls short. Institutional debate about these issues creates the possibility for difference Lander, Central University of Venezuela Professor, 2k (Edgardo, Sociologist, Venezuelan, professor at the Central University of Venezuela and a Fellow of the Transnational Institute, 2000, Nepantla: Views from South, Volume 1, Issue 3, “Eurocentrism and Colonialism in Latin American Social Thought”, pp. 519-523, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/nepantla/summary/v001/1.3lander.html, Accessed 7/5/13, JB)
These debates create possibilities for new intellectual strategies ….. Americans who work in North American universities (Escobar 1995; Mignolo 1996a,1996b; Coronil 1996, 1997).
Alt fails - rejecting or eradicating Eurocentrism just allows other worse pervasive and exclusionary form of epistemology and knowledge production from seeping in - turns the K Wallerstein, is an American sociologist, historical social scientist, and world-systems analyst, 97 (Immanuel, an American sociologist, historical social scientist, and world-systems analyst. His bimonthly commentaries on world affairs are syndicated, 1997, Binghamton.edu "Eurocentrism and its Avatars: The Dilemmas of Social Science," http://www2.binghamton.edu/fbc/archive/iweuroc.htm, Accessed: 7/6/13, LPS.)
This kind of revisionist historiography is often persuasive in detail, and certainly tends to be cumulative. At a certain point, the debunking, or deconstructing, may become pervasive, and perhaps a counter-theory take hold. …..
Before, however, we can tackle this large question, we must review some of the other critiques of Eurocentrism.
Plan and alt in all other instances
Eurocentric epistemological reproduction is inevitable O’Brien, Professor of Economic History, London School of Economics, 10 (Patrick Karl, Centennial Professor of Economic History, London School of Economics, Fellow of the British Academy and Academia Europaea,. Doctorates honoris causa from Carlos III University Madrid and Uppsala University, Sweden; Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, President of British Economic History Society, 9/7/10, Global History for the London School of Economics, “How Do You Study Global History? Comparisons, Connections, Entanglement’s and Eurocentrism,” http://globalhistoryatlse.wordpress.com/2010/10/07/how-do-you-study-global-history-comparisons-connections-entanglements-and-eurocentrism/, Accessed: 7/6/13, LPS.) How do we learn the past? We learn the past by being taught it by someone else, whether orally or by reading …… This is both a historical and Epistemology process.
Violence has massively decreased because of econ growth/modernization/interdependence- best data proves Gat ‘13 (AZAR GAT, DPhil in History (University of Oxford, 1986); Ezer Weitzman Professor of National Security, Political Science Department, Tel Aviv University; recent books: War in Human Civilization (Oxford University Press, 2006); Victorious and Vulnerable: Why Democracy Won in the 20th Century and How It Is Still Imperiled (Hoover Institution, Rowman and Littlefield, 2010); Nations: The Long History and Deep Roots of Political Ethnicity and Nationalism (Cambridge University Press, 2013). Is war declining – and why? Azar Gat? Department of Political Science, University of Tel Aviv azargat@post.tau.ac.il , March 19th 2013)
When quite a number of scholars simultaneously and independently of one another arrive at very similar conclusions on an issue of cardinal theoretical and practical significance ….. Referring to my argument in this regard, Levy and Thompson (2011: 72–75) excused themselves from deciding on the issue on the grounds of insufficient information regarding the cost of premodern war. But as already noted, the information on the subject is quite clear.
1/5/14
ASU- New Advantage-Grid
Tournament: ASU | Round: 2 | Opponent: New Advantage | Judge: New Advantage Advantage 1 is Energy
Grid integration stimulates investment in Mexican renewables and energy trade Markey, lawyer practicing in LA focusing on the renewable energy sector, 2010 (David, February 2010, “Cross-Border Renewables — Baja to California,” Project Finance Newswire, p. 40, EB) By a fortunate coincidence, Baja California, as the Mexican side of the Baja peninsula is called, has excellent potential for wind, solar and geothermal projects. …
There are already signs that California transmission will improve in ways that will benefit projects located in Baja. The Sunrise Powerlink project was approved by the California Public Utilities Commission in December 2008.This project involves construction of a new 500-kv line from the Imperial Valley to SDGandE service territory. This has been seen as a significant boost for those wishing to export energy from Baja to California. Scientific Consensus Based on Climate Models and Observational Data That Warming is Real and Anthropogenic By Joe Romm on Aug 28, 2012 at 12:29 pm OE ROMM is a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress “Meteorological Society: Warming Is ‘Unequivocal’, We’re The ‘Dominant Cause’, We Need ‘Rapid Reduction’ Of CO2” http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/08/28/757991/meteorological-society-warming-is-unequivocal-were-the-dominant-cause-we-need-rapid-reduction-of-co2/ The American Meteorological Society has updated and strengthened its statement on global warming.¶ Here are its summary
…… Observations show increases in globally averaged air and ocean temperatures, as well as widespread melting of sno w and ice and rising globally averaged sea level.
Cooperation with Mexico on climate change gets modeled globally Selee, Vice President for Programs and Senior Advisor to the Mexico Institute, and Wilson, associate with the Mexico Institute, 2012 (Andrew and Christopher, November, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, “A New Agenda With Mexico,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/a_new_agenda_with_mexico.pdf, accessed 7-6-13, EB) Over the past few years, the U.S. and Mexican governments have expanded beyond the bilateral agenda to work closely together on …. and through cooperative efforts the U.S. can take advantage of Mexico’s role as a bridge between the developed and developing worlds, and between North America and Latin America.
Warming causes extinction - a preponderance of evidence proves it's real, anthropogenic, and outweighs other threats- turns every impact Scranton, 11/10 (Roy, Department of English at Princeton University, joined the English Department in 2010. His interests include the literature and cultures of war, 20th-century American literature, and the rhetoric and practice of experimental literature, His scholarship and essays have been published or are forthcoming in Contemporary Literature, Theory and Event, the New York Times, Boston Review, Bookforum, and elsewhere. He has also published fiction in Prairie Schooner, Epiphany, and LIT. He is co-editor of Fire and Forget: Short Stories from the Long War (Da Capo, 2013), an anthology of literary fiction by veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan. 11/10/13, The New York Times, “Learning How to Die in the Anthropocene,” http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/10/learning-how-to-die-in-the-anthropocene/?_r=1and, Accessed: 11/13/13, LPS.)
The challenge the Anthropocene poses is a challenge not just to national security, to food and energy markets, or to our “way of life” …… If homo sapiens (or some genetically modified variant) survives the next millenniums, it will be survival in a world unrecognizably different from the one we have inhabited. Development of a hemispheric energy partnership insulates the US from inevitable energy shocks that would collapse critical infrastructure Alison Terry, 2012, International Affairs Review, Vol. 20, No. 3., "Policy and Practice in North American Energy Security," http://www.iar-gwu.org/sites/default/files/articlepdfs/North20American20Energy20Security.pdf
The United States, Canada, and Mexico each has a unique history in the ¶ development of their national energy policies, however, all three countries ….. the relationship of energy sharing ¶ could act as a stabilizing force for the continent in the face of tenuous ¶ import-export relationships in the international energy trade.
Collapse of critical infrastructure kills millions and tanks the economy Zabarenko 12, Deborah Zabarenko Reporter for Reuters¶ WASHINGTON | Fri Aug 3, 2012 http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/04/us-solar-superstorm-idUSBRE8721K820120804 Power blackouts can cause chaos, as …. natural gas, which also rely on pipelines for resupply.¶ The academy report said more than 130 million people in the United States could be affected. Andres said the death toll could run into the millions in the worst-case scenario. Economic collapse causes global wars and terrorism Royal ‘10 director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense (Jedediah, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal, and Political Perspectives, pg 213-215) Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict. ….. with external conflict al systemic, dyadic and national levels.' This implied connection between integration, crises and armed conflict has not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.
If successful in the November election, the Obama Administration will make energy a¶ centrepiece of US foreign policy. While energy has always been central to US diplomacy, ….. Ms Clinton’s speech was founded on three broad themes: building capacity among allies; countering challenges to Washington’s global interests; and fostering economic growth.
The Energy Diplomacy Tightrope. 2012 brought into stark reality the ways in which energy influences U.S. foreign policy. ….. Japan and China over energy resources in the South China Sea, as examples of how U.S. diplomatic clout is vital to reducing global conflict over energy supplies.
Future energy conflicts will ignite great power wars- that causes extinction Jim Cabral, 8/12/2010, Valley Advocate, "Beyond BP: Michael Klare on US Energy Policy," http://www.valleyadvocate.com/article.cfm?aid=12165
The preoccupation of states with securing the reliability of energy through exploration and extraction might seem benign enough (leaving aside for a moment the weighty issues of diminishing and increasingly remote supplies). But understood as a matter of state security ….. The Great Powers are not only adding tinder to possible future fires, but also increasing the risk that they will be caught in any conflagration."
Regional energy influence is key to prevent a Chinese ASATs attack Hulse 7 (Janie Hulse, Master’s degree in Politics of Development of Latin America from the London School of Economics, is an independent contractor based in Buenos Aires, Argentina, who provides communica-tions and research services to private and public sector organizations “CHINA’S EXPANSION INTO AND U.S. WITHDRAWAL FROM ARGENTINA’S TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND SPACE INDUSTRIES AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY,” Strategic Studies Institute, September, http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/download.cfm?q=806 ) Chinese presence in Western Hemisphere space creates particular vulnerabilities for the United States …… especially in countries similar to Argentina where U.S. popularity is low and where China has made substantial inroads. The impact is US-Sino nuclear war Forden, PhD and Research Associate @ MIT, 8 (Geoffrey, PhD and Research Associate at MIT, “How China Loses the Coming Space War (Pt. 2),” 1/10, http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2008/01/inside-the-ch-1/,
The United States has five satellites in geostationary orbit that detect missile launches …. satellites would risk both intentional and mistaken escalation of the conflict into a nuclear war without a clear military goal.
Mexico has large untapped areas of geothermal, wind, and solar potential …… —are good entry points for a broader U.S.-Mexico dialogue, she remarked.
Energy poverty perpetuates the poverty cycle IEF 9 International Energy Forum, “Reducing Energy Poverty through Cooperation and Partnership”, IEF Symposium on Energy Poverty, December 8-9 2009, www.ief.org/_resources/files/content/events/ief-symposium-on-energy-poverty/background-paper.pdf LN
The 11¶ th ¶ International Energy Forum (Rome, 20¶ -¶ 22 April 2008) noted ……. Further still, participants¶ a¶ t the London Energy M¶ eeting (19 December 2008) ¶ noted that “high or volatile prices for oil and other energy sources had a serious impact on low-income countries” and agreed on the importance of multilateral measures to mitigate this effect.
Poverty is on-par with an ongoing nuclear war – it kills millions a year Mumia Abu-Jamal, 9-19-1998, “A Quiet and Deadly Violence,” www1.minn.net/meis/quietdv.htm We live, equally immersed, and to a deeper degree …… in fact accelerating, thermonuclear war, or genocide on the weak and poor every year of every decade, throughout the world." Gilligan, p. 196
1/11/14
Contact Info
Tournament: Contact Info | Round: 1 | Opponent: Info | Judge: Emailzzz Cite Requests:
Aff Cites: julia.zaglindeb@gmail.com
Neg Cites/a good time: lili.stenndeb@gmail.com
Coaches:
jmcgougan@pugetsound.edu (if something at a tournament was broken its probably his fault if he doesn't respond its because hes asleep or lost all his electronics and is wandering around Tacoma and/or Spokane)
austin.brittenham@gmail.com
11/25/13
Ethif of Care 1AC
Tournament: Cal | Round: Quads | Opponent: All | Judge: All 1st is Historical Analysis We start with the story of a young anonymous woman who was illegally sold into prostitution- she refused to reveal her name in fear of retaliation from her pimps family- Brumback and Stevenson, 10 (Kate AP reporter covering legal affairs, immigration and more for print and video in Atlanta, and Mark, Multimedia Journalist NBC, CBS, Huffington Post, 8/9/10, The Huffington Post, Mexican Women Forced Into U.S. Prostitution By Pimps, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/08/09/mexican-women-forced-into_n_676165.html, Accessed: 12/14/13, LPS.)
A young victim who agreed to speak to The Associated Press fit that profile perfectly. She asked not to be identified because she fears retaliation from her pimp's family …. "I felt that if my family found out, they would be so disappointed because of what I was doing." Human Trafficking is slavery, and economically driven destructive act. Across the US Mexican boarder hundreds of thousands of trafficked persons are affected. Weaver, Hessler and Goldberg, 2014 Erin, Carl and Michael, 1/19/14, The Montgomery Media, “Human trafficking not just a global problem”, http://www.montgomerynews.com/articles/2014/01/19/public_spirit_willow_grove_guide/news/doc52dbe77743709152750814.txt?viewmode=fullstory, Copyright 2014 Montgomery News, a 21st Century Media Property and part of Digital First Media PA, 2/14/14, JAZ This is the first article in a three-part series looking at the problem of human trafficking, its social impact and potential solutions. This article examines the problem of human trafficking both worldwide and locally.
….. “Slavery tears at our social fabric, fuels violence and organized crime, and debases our common humanity. During National Slavery and Human Trafficking Prevention Month, we renew our commitment to ending this scourge in all its forms.”
An ethical view is needed in every level to prevent trafficking. Ginberg, CNN, 2004 Emanuella, 4/9/2004, “In Juarez murders, progress but few answers Probe into hundreds of cases enters second decade”, CNN International, http://edition.cnn.com/2004/LAW/04/09/juarez/, Cable News Network, JAZ, 2/14/14 Court TV) -- Rebeca Contreras' body was found March 10, raped and strangled, in a desolate waste lot on the outskirts of Mexican border town Ciudad Juarez. ….. ," said Morfin Otero. "We need better coordination of federal authorities and to strengthen the lines of cooperation with civilian society and local authority."
Mexican Women are illegally trafficked across the border and sold into the lucrative trade of prostitution- where they are sold, raped, tortured, and killed – this is an example of the worst atrocities along the US-Mexico border Brumback and Stevenson, 10 (Kate AP reporter covering legal affairs, immigration and more for print and video in Atlanta, and Mark, Multimedia Journalist NBC, CBS, Huffington Post, 8/9/10, The Huffington Post, Mexican Women Forced Into U.S. Prostitution By Pimps, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/08/09/mexican-women-forced-into_n_676165.html, Accessed: 12/14/13, LPS.)
¶ TENANCINGO, Mexico — In this impoverished town in central Mexico …. "When somebody is isolated, or unprotected, they are the perfect victim."
Sex trafficking in Mexico is the root cause of trade all over central and south America- only our model can solve Urgarte et. Al, 3 (Marisa B., Executive director at Bilateral safety Corridor Coalition Laura Zarate, Directora at Alentar | Capacitación and Recursos Humanos, Docente Universitaria - Tutora Académica at Universidad Catolica de Cuyo, Melissa Farley, an American clinical psychologist and researcher and feminist anti-pornography and anti-prostitution activist. Farley is best known for her studies of the effects of prostitution, trafficking, and sexual violence, “Prostitution and Trafficking of Women and Children from Mexico to the United States,” http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/Mexico-U.S.20Trafficking.pdf, P.148-167, Accessed: 12/15/13, LPS.)
Mexico-to-United States immigration has been described as the longest-¶ running labor migration in the world …. involving immigrants, military personnel, police, governmental offi-¶ cials, and businessmen (Azaola, 2001).
Border Sex-trafficking is a form of racism and gender discrimination- this is the result of bad status quo border policies and will result in mass violations of human rights, murder, and further unthinkable crimes against humanity- Urgarte et. Al, 3 (Marisa B., Executive director at Bilateral safety Corridor Coalition Laura Zarate, Directora at Alentar | Capacitación and Recursos Humanos, Docente Universitaria - Tutora Académica at Universidad Catolica de Cuyo, Melissa Farley, an American clinical psychologist and researcher and feminist anti-pornography and anti-prostitution activist. Farley is best known for her studies of the effects of prostitution, trafficking, and sexual violence, “Prostitution and Trafficking of Women and Children from Mexico to the United States,” http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/Mexico-U.S.20Trafficking.pdf, P.148-167, Accessed: 12/15/13, LPS.)
There is great danger of sex trafficking¶ occurs along the Mexican-U.S. border, …. Coyotes who transport people¶ across the Mexico/USA border are aware that neither victims nor their families¶ will report these crimes, since the victims themselves would risk felony¶ charges for illegal entry into the United States.¶ The pre-supposed ideology of Latin American women of lesser tools and “meat” of men is the worst form of dehumanization- the psychic violence caused outweighs all other impacts- Urgarte et. Al, 3 (Marisa B., Executive director at Bilateral safety Corridor Coalition Laura Zarate, Directora at Alentar | Capacitación and Recursos Humanos, Docente Universitaria - Tutora Académica at Universidad Catolica de Cuyo, Melissa Farley, an American clinical psychologist and researcher and feminist anti-pornography and anti-prostitution activist. Farley is best known for her studies of the effects of prostitution, trafficking, and sexual violence, “Prostitution and Trafficking of Women and Children from Mexico to the United States,” http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/Mexico-U.S.20Trafficking.pdf, P.148-167, Accessed: 12/15/13, LPS.)
Mexican and other Latin American men generally assume the right to sexu-¶ ally exploit any female. …. ¨Åciently resist.¶ They may feel especially work really was.
The tradition security mentality of anti trafficking policy cause more harms to trafficked persons by simply placing them back in the beginning of the cycle, essentially re-trafficking them. Lobasz, Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Political Science at the University of Minnesota, 2009 Jennifer k., “Beyond Border Security: Feminist Approaches to Human Trafficking” https://www.academia.edu/294799/Beyond_Border_Security_Feminist_Approaches_to_Human_Trafficking, 1/2/14, JAZ Feminists challenge the traditional security approach ….. In short, feminists maintain that traditional¶ security approaches to human trafficking are both morally and practically¶ deficient.¶
The current international ethic towards trafficked women is devoid of values, ignoring the gendered lens which continuing a cycle where nothing is resolved. Santokie, PhD Political Science, Department of political science University of Toronto, 2012 Kara, University of Toronto ““Caring” Global Policy? Sex Trafficking and Feminist International Ethics,” https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/34875/3/Santokie_Kara_201211_PhD_thesis.pdf, 1/2/14, JAZ In this context, relational ….. The answer to ¶ this question becomes simple with the application of an ethic of care.
Thus Julia and I advocate economic engagement towards the United Mexican States by readdressing human trafficking through the perspective of an ethic of care.
2nd is the Ethic Reanalyzing representations of trafficked persons prevents the cycle of trafficking that is fueled by racism, sexism and marginalization. Lobasz, Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Political Science at the University of Minnesota, 2009 Jennifer k., “Beyond Border Security: Feminist Approaches to Human Trafficking” https://www.academia.edu/294799/Beyond_Border_Security_Feminist_Approaches_to_Human_Trafficking, 1/2/14, JAZ This impasse seems, at first glance, irreconcilable, and, perhaps as relates¶ to the moral status of prostitution, it is. …… is to discover how we might escape this cycle. Changing the way trafficked persons who are trafficked are treated before after and during the practice of trafficking prevention must be done with the ethic of care, as the goal of fostering autonomy is where true prevention could be completed. Santokie, PhD Political Science, Department of Political Science University of Toronto, 2012 Kara, University of Toronto ““Caring” Global Policy? Sex Trafficking and Feminist International Ethics,” https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/34875/3/Santokie_Kara_201211_PhD_thesis.pdf, 1/2/14, JAZ
In general, the nature of the relationship between the international community and ¶ trafficked women must be changed. …. Yet, in working towards these goals even within the context of ¶ constrained choices, autonomy is exercised. ¶
Intervening actors check all impacts—can’t be responsible for events beyond our direct control Gewirth 83 (Alan, philosopher, Human Rights: Essays on Justification and Applications, p 230-231) A third distinction is between respecting other persons and avoiding bad consequences.
….. As for the rights of the other Americans to peace and order, the reply would be that these rights cannot justifiably be secured at the price of the rights of blacks.
Extinction is inevitable—this is an opportunity to prioritize ethics Clark 10 (Nigel, Senior Lecturer in Geography @ Open U, Ex-Orbitant Generosity: Gifts of Love in a Cold Cosmos, Parallax, Vol. 16, No. 1, p. 80-95) In this way, desire or love is becoming, and generosity is generativity - which makes it, to borrow a formulation from Ray Brassier, `ontologically ubiquitous’.56 Effectively, there is no need for a distinctive ethics to address the injuries of transmutation, because the catastrophe itself is ultimately productive. With the championing of pure process and incessant becoming that characterises much of the contemporary take on `immanence’, …. `can turn away from faces as we can turn away from the surfaces of things’. Or choose not too. Even if it is not unique, perhaps our particularly pronounced capacity to vacillate between turning toward and turning away has a defining quality. If not us, then who?
The Aff is a prior question and has ultimate policy relevance – deconstructing gender sets the necessary terms for effective politics. The neg can never capture the ethical critique of the 1AC. Our criticism is a pre-requisite to preventing policy failure–focusing solely on policy solutions leads to blowback and turns their offense. Shepherd 2007 Laura J., Department of Political Science and International Studies, University of Birmingham, “Victims, Perpetrators and Actors’ Revisited:1 Exploring the Potential for a Feminist Reconceptualisation of (International) Security and (Gender) Violence,” BJPIR: 2007 VOL 9, 239–256
In this article, I explore the discursive constitution of concepts of (gender) violence and (international) security in particular texts. However …. —than linguistic practices can enable thinking gender differently. Nuclear miscalculation and genocide are inevitable absent our ethic—we control direction of uniqueness in a world of realism- it justifies Auschwitz and Hiroshima Fasching 93 (Darrell J., Prof of Religious Studies @ U of South Florida, The Ethical Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima, p. 232-233) These technological barbarians, says Neuhaus, "are composed of the most sophisticated and educated elites of our society, .. . those who in …. the primacy of human dignity and human rights, especially those of the stranger, as an absolute limit to which all sacred orders must be subordinated.
Current constructions of trafficking do not allow for the multiplicity of trafficked persons and discount their worth, actors must be constructed as individuals with equal human rights. Lobasz, Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Political Science at the University of Minnesota, 2009 Jennifer k., “Beyond Border Security: Feminist Approaches to Human Trafficking” https://www.academia.edu/294799/Beyond_Border_Security_Feminist_Approaches_to_Human_Trafficking, 1/2/14, JAZ Feminist analyses of human trafficking do more than expand the referent ….. unjustly prioritize the sexual traffic of white women¶ over the traffic of women and men of all races who are trafficked for purposes¶ including, but not exclusive to, the sex trade.
2/16/14
Grid Inegration 1AC-Fullerton
Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 1 | Opponent: Charminade | Judge: Gautam Plan: The United States Federal Government should increase non-hydrocarbon energy integration with the United Mexican States.
Advantage 1 is Renewable Development Grid integration stimulates investment in Mexican renewables and energy trade Markey, lawyer practicing in LA focusing on the renewable energy sector, 2010 (David, February 2010, “Cross-Border Renewables — Baja to California,” Project Finance Newswire, p. 40, EB) By a fortunate coincidence, ….
SDGandE service territory. This has been seen as a significant boost for those wishing to export energy from Baja to California. Cooperation with Mexico on climate change gets modeled globally Selee, Vice President for Programs and Senior Advisor to the Mexico Institute, and Wilson, associate with the Mexico Institute, 2012 (Andrew and Christopher, November, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, “A New Agenda With Mexico,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/a_new_agenda_with_mexico.pdf, accessed 7-6-13, EB) Over the past few years, ….
developed and developing worlds, and between North America and Latin America.
Earth experienced its biggest mass extinction 250 million years ago. …. What caused the mass extinction?
Scenario 2 is Warming
Scientific Consensus Based on Climate Models and Observational Data That Warming is Real and Anthropogenic By Joe Romm on Aug 28, 2012 at 12:29 pm OE ROMM is a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress “Meteorological Society: Warming Is ‘Unequivocal’, We’re The ‘Dominant Cause’, We Need ‘Rapid Reduction’ Of CO2” http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/08/28/757991/meteorological-society-warming-is-unequivocal-were-the-dominant-cause-we-need-rapid-reduction-of-co2/ The American Meteorological Society has updated and strengthened its statement on global warming …. Observations show increases in globally averaged air and ocean temperatures, as well as widespread melting of sno w and ice and rising globally averaged sea level.
Warming causes extinction - a preponderance of evidence proves it's real, anthropogenic, and outweighs other threats Deibel 7 (Terry, "Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic of American Statecraft," Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today) Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as prosperity) ….. It is a threat not only to the security and prosperity to the United States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet.
Third is Pharmaceutical Development
Renewable development is uniquely key to stimulation the pharmaceutical industry- new development techniques means none of their defense applies Roberts, Associate Prof. of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 10 (Susan, Associate Prof. of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 11/28/10, Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship, “Renewable production of natural product pharmaceuticals: In vitro engineering advances,” http://www.igert.org/highlights/356, Accessed: 8/8/13, LPS.)
¶ Plants are a tremendous source of natural diversity in the multitude of compounds that they synthesize, many of which are useful therapeutics for treating a variety of human illnesses and maladies, ….. as there had previously been no way to rapidly and reliably measure the size distribution of the aggregates.
The pharmaceutical industry is a crucial sector in combating bioterrorism, but insufficient funding hampers efficient actions Poupard, president of the Pharma Institute of Philadelphia, Inc., 5 (James, BA in natural science from Temple University, an MS in clinical microbiology from Thomas Jefferson Medical College, started his PhD studies in the history of science at Bryn Mawr College and completed his PhD studies at the University of Pennsylvania, supervisor of clinical microbiology at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and microbiology director of Bryn Mawr Hospital and later became associate professor of microbiology, pathology, and medicine at the Medical College of Pennsylvania, 2005, “Pharmaceutical Industry (Drug Industry, Pharma Companies, Biotech Companies)”, published in Encyclopedia of Bioterrorism Defense, edited by Richard F. Pilch, M.D., and Raymond A. Zilinskas, Ph.D., pg. 385, accessed 7/1/13, JZ)
PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY DRUG DISCOVERY PROGRAMS As noted, a vital approach to responding to highly resistant organisms in the future is the continued implementation of drug discovery programs to enhance the pipeline of novel agents …. The pharmaceutical industry will continue to be an active participant in the dialog necessary to move forward in these areas in the years to come. Bioterrorism is comparatively the most likely extinction scenario Matheny, Johns Hopkins Health Policy and Management professor, 7 (Jason, Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 2007, Risk Analysis vol. 27 iss 5,“Reducing the Risk of Human Extinction”, http://users.physics.harvard.edu/~wilson/pmpmta/Mahoney_extinction.pdf, pg. 1337, accessed 7/1/13, JZ)
We already invest in some extinction countermeasures. NASA spends $4 million per year monitoring near-Earth asteroids and comets (Leary, 2007) ….. monitor biological agents and emerging diseases, and strengthen the capacities of local health systems to respond to pandemics (Lam, Franco, and Shuler, 2006).
Advantage 2 is Relations A Window of opportunity is opening now to bolster bilateral relations- Failure to cooperate kills relations- would be perceived by Mexico and other Latin American partners as a “okay” to continue with weapons smuggling and drug trade- continued relations are key Wilson, et. al. 13 (Christopher E., Christopher Wilson is an Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Eric L. Olson, the Associate Director of the Latin American Program at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, DC, Miguel R. Salazar¶ , the Public Affairs Specialist for the Latin American Program's Mexico Institute, where he is responsible for the program's outreach and communications efforts, Andrew Selee, the Wilson Center’s Vice President for Programs in April 2012. He was the founding Director the Center’s Mexico Institute from 2003-12. He is an adjunct professor of Government at Johns Hopkins University and of International Affairs at George Washington University and has been a visiting professor at El Colegio de Mexico, and Duncan Wood, the Director of the Mexico Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, January, 2013, The Wilson Center, “New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S. Mexico Relations,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf, Accessed: 8/8/13, LPS.)
A long term commitment to supporting institutional reform in Mexico …. there is some good ¶ news ¶ –¶ the U.S. and Mexico are working together to find solutions.
MEXICO CITY (Reuters) - Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto said on Wednesday that if allegations were proven that the United States had spied on its southern neighbor, it would be "totally unacceptable." …. Former President Felipe Calderon, who left office last year, worked closely with the United States on security as he waged a bloody battle against Mexico's drug cartels that has claimed an estimated 70,000 lives since the start of 2007.
Oil cooperation is unsustainable – must shift toward renewables to avert relations collapse Donnelly, Program Associate, Mexico Institute, ‘10 (Robert, 5/24/10, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/us-mexico-cooperation-renewable-energy-building-green-agenda, “U.S.-Mexico Cooperation on Renewable Energy: Building a Green Agenda”, js) Wood cited recent developments that have encouraged renewable energy investment in Mexico. ….. "Mexico can help them reach these (renewable energy) targets," he said. Yet at the same time, Dukert said that Mexico needs to do more to enhance its profile as a renewable-energy supplier, and specifically suggested that energy attaches be assigned to the embassy and consulates
And that Spills over Taylor, State Department correspondent. for the Washington Times, ‘13 (Guy, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/feb/28/energy-links-seen-boosting-us-ties-mexico/, 2/28/13, “Energy links seen boosting U.S. ties to Mexico”, js) A senior Obama administration official voiced optimism about the growing economic relationship between the U.S. and Mexico, stressing that energy sector ties between the two nations have “enormous potential for progress.” …. The potential for foreign firms to become more deeply involved in Mexico’s economic future could signal a significant shift in the narrative of crime and illegal immigration that has dominated relations between the U.S. and its southern neighbor — particularly since nearly 60,000 people were killed in drug-related violence in Mexico during recent years. That spillover leads to three internal links Scenario One is the economic implications Economic cooperation between the US and Mexico is key to the global economy Schiffer, President of the Inter-American Dialogue, 2013 (Michael Schiffer, February, “A More Ambitious Agenda: A Report of the Inter-American Dialogue’s commission on Mexico-US relations.” http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD9042_USMexicoReportEnglishFinal.pdf Date Accessed 7-5-2013, BK)
The first is to reinforce and deepen economic cooperation …. and coordination among the United States, Mexico, and Canada in negotiations toward the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP).
Economic downturn causes great power wars and extinction.
AUSLIN ‘9 - scholar at American Enterprise Institute (Michael, “The global Economy Unravels” American Enterprise Institute, http://www.aei.org/publications/filter.all,pubID.29502/pub_detail.asp)
What do these trends mean in the short and medium term? …..
The result may be a series of small explosions that coalesce into a big bang
Second is US hegemony- Mexican Stability is Critical to U.S. Hegemony Kaplan, Chief Geopolitical Analyst at Stratfor, 12 Kaplan, March 2012, Stratfor, “With the Focus on Syria, Mexico Burns,” http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/focus-syria-mexico-burns, accessed 7/5/13, AR) While the foreign policy elite in Washington focuses on the 8,000 deaths in a conflict in Syria
--…..
. If policymakers in Washington calculate U.S. interests properly regarding those two critical countries, then the United States will have power to spare so that its elites can continue to focus on serious moral questions in places that matter less.
Events in Libya are a further reminder for Americans that we stand at a crossroads in our continuing evolution as the world's sole full-service superpower.
…. America then successfully replicated globalization further in East Asia over the second half of the 20th century, setting the stage for the Pacific Century now unfolding.
Scenario 3 is the War on Drugs- US bilateral co-op and economic co-op is key to combat the drug war O’Neal Senior Fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) 2011 (Shannon K. March 29 2011. Center on Foreign Relations “U.S. and Mexico Must Increase Cooperation to Confront Drug War, Argues CFR Report” http://www.cfr.org/mexico/us-mexico-must-increase-cooperation-confront-drug-war-argues-cfr-report/p24514 NMS) “Mexico is in the midst of a worsening security crisis,” warns David A. Shirk, director of the Trans-Border Institute at the University of San Diego in a new Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) Special Report.
…. - Focus on U.S. drug demand, firearms, and money laundering at home, and direct greater assistance for institutional and economic development, such as educational and judicial reform.
2 Impacts-
1) Moral Obligation to solve Mexico drug violence—it’s the root cause of homicide, violence, human trafficking, kidnapping and and government instability Buscaglia, senior scholar in Law and Economics at Columbia University, 13 (Edgardo, senior scholar in Law and Economics at Columbia University, and president of the Instituto de Acción Ciudadana in Mexico, 5/30/13, The New York Times, “Mexico’s Deadly Power Vaacum,” http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/31/opinion/global/mexicos-deadly-power-vacuum.html?pagewanted=1and_r=0andref=drugtrafficking, Accessed: 6/28/13, LPS.)
It is fashionable in the United States these days to assert that Mexico has arrived on the world stage economically and politically. ….. operate in local and regional markets that augment the lucrative trade in illicit narcotics.
Unstable governments cause extinction Manwaring, Professor of Military Strategy, 5 Max G., retired army colonel and former member of Defense Intelligence Agency, “Venezuela's Hugo Chavez, Bolivarian Socialism, and Asymmetric Warfare,” p. 22-23, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub628.pdf, accessed 7/1/13, MC
President Chávez also understands that the process leading to state failure is the most dangerous long-term security challenge facing the global community today.
….. And, of course, the longer dysfunctional, rogue, criminal, and narco-states and people’s democracies persist, the more they and their associated problems endanger global security, peace, and prosperity.65
We have a responsibility to use the state when a particularity demands it – Derrida ‘4 Jacques Derrida, Directeur d’Etudes at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales in Paris, and Professor of Philosophy, French and Comparative Literature at the University of California, Irvine, 2004, For What Tomorrow? A Dialogue With Elisabeth Roudinesco, p. 91-92
J.D.: A moment ago you spoke of regicide as the necessity of an ex¬ception, in sum. …. Deconstruction is on the side of unconditionaliry, even when it seems im¬possible, and not sovereignty, even when it seems possible.
Drug cartels along America’s southern border, whose smuggling operations move contraband and people into the United States, …. You have to build bridges. It will be all about alliances and coalitions. And the military has to build bridges to the civilian sectors to create security.
Hezbollah has the capability- it’s only a matter of cartels helping them Devoe, Government Relations Journalist, 12 (Todd W. Devoe, February 5, 2012, American Board for Certification in Homeland Security, “Violence at Our Borders: Its Potential Effects on Homeland Security,” http://www.abchs.com/ihs/SPRING2012/ihs_articles_cover.php, accessed June 30, 2013, EK)
Do the cartels move their product illegally across the border with little effort? Yes. ….. and provide a testament to the opportunities the lax border control provides. Is this an ongoing problem for the United States? Yes, every day.
Terrorist retaliation causes nuclear war – draws in Russia and China Ayson, Victoria University professor in strategic studies, 10(Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, July, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld)
A terrorist nuclear attack, and even the use of nuclear weapons in response by the country attacked in the first place, would not necessarily represent the worst of the nuclear worlds imaginable. …. In that situation, the temptations to preempt such actions might grow, although it must be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.
Contention 2 is Solvency Grid integration between Mexico and the U.S. would solve transmission efficiency to spur renewable energy developments, a strong bilateral, executive agenda on both ends is possible and necessary to solve for renewables and relations- the federal government is key- Wood, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Full Professor, Director of the Program in International Relations and Director of the Canadian Studies Program at the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM) in Mexico City, 10’ (Duncan, “Environment, Development and Growth: U.S.-Mexico Cooperation in Renewable energies,.,http://www.statealliancepartnership.org/resources_files/USMexico_Cooperation_Renewable_Energies.pdf, accessed 7/1/13, LLM).”
The need for integration of North American renewable energy markets is real and immediate. …. Continued cooperation in the areas of geothermal wind, solar, and biofuels are therefore vital if Mexico’s true potential is to be fully realized.
Mexico will say yes- they want to engage with the US in other areas than immigration, security, and the drug war, specifically, their energy industry Reyes, Attorney and member of the USA Today Board of Contributors 2013 (Paul A. April 29th, 2013. NBC Latino “Opinion: President Obama has the chance to improve US/Mexico relations” http://nbclatino.com/2013/04/29/opinion-president-obama-has-the-chance-to-improve-usmexico-relations/ NMS) Obama will arrive in Mexico with good and bad news …. time for a foreign policy with Mexico based on its potential, not on its problems.
Mexico has large untapped areas of geothermal, wind, and solar potential, ….. —are good entry points for a broader U.S.-Mexico dialogue, she remarked.
Energy poverty perpetuates the poverty cycle IEF 9 International Energy Forum, “Reducing Energy Poverty through Cooperation and Partnership”, IEF Symposium on Energy Poverty, December 8-9 2009, www.ief.org/_resources/files/content/events/ief-symposium-on-energy-poverty/background-paper.pdf LN
The 11¶ th ¶ International Energy Forum (Rome, 20¶ -¶ 22 April 2008) noted that “ ….. ” Further still, participants¶ a¶ t the London Energy M¶ eeting (19 December 2008) ¶ noted that “high or volatile prices for oil and other energy sources had a serious impact on low-income countries” and agreed on the importance of multilateral measures to mitigate this effect.
Poverty is on-par with an ongoing nuclear war – it kills millions a year Mumia Abu-Jamal, 9-19-1998, “A Quiet and Deadly Violence,” www1.minn.net/meis/quietdv.htm We live, equally immersed, and to a deeper degree ….. in fact accelerating, thermonuclear war, or genocide on the weak and poor every year of every decade, throughout the world." Gilligan, p. 196
11/24/13
UNLV Trafficking
Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 5 | Opponent: College Prep YB | Judge: Roger Copenhaven We start with the story of a young anonymous woman who was illegally sold into prostitution- she refused to reveal her name in fear of retaliation from her pimps family- Brumback and Stevenson, 10 (Kate AP reporter covering legal affairs, immigration and more for print and video in Atlanta, and Mark, Multimedia Journalist NBC, CBS, Huffington Post, 8/9/10, The Huffington Post, Mexican Women Forced Into U.S. Prostitution By Pimps, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/08/09/mexican-women-forced-into_n_676165.html, Accessed: 12/14/13, LPS.)
A young victim who agreed to speak to The Associated Press fit that profile perfectly AND out, they would be so disappointed because of what I was doing."
Mexican Women are illegally trafficked across the border and sold into the lucrative trade of prostitution- where they are sold, raped, tortured, and killed – this is an example of the worst atrocities along the US-Mexico border Brumback and Stevenson, 10 (Kate AP reporter covering legal affairs, immigration and more for print and video in Atlanta, and Mark, Multimedia Journalist NBC, CBS, Huffington Post, 8/9/10, The Huffington Post, Mexican Women Forced Into U.S. Prostitution By Pimps, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/08/09/mexican-women-forced-into_n_676165.html, Accessed: 12/14/13, LPS.)
¶ TENANCINGO, Mexico — In this impoverished town in central Mexico, a sinister AND When somebody is isolated, or unprotected, they are the perfect victim."
Sex trafficking in Mexico is the root cause of trade all over central and south America- only our model can solve Urgarte et. Al, 3 (Marisa B., Executive director at Bilateral safety Corridor Coalition Laura Zarate, Directora at Alentar | Capacitación and Recursos Humanos, Docente Universitaria - Tutora Académica at Universidad Catolica de Cuyo, Melissa Farley, an American clinical psychologist and researcher and feminist anti-pornography and anti-prostitution activist. Farley is best known for her studies of the effects of prostitution, trafficking, and sexual violence, “Prostitution and Trafficking of Women and Children from Mexico to the United States,” http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/Mexico-U.S.20Trafficking.pdf, P.148-167, Accessed: 12/15/13, LPS.)
Mexico-to-United States immigration has been described as the longest-¶ running AND police, governmental offi-¶ cials, and businessmen (Azaola, 2001).
Border Sex-trafficking is a form of racism and gender discrimination- this is the result of bad status quo border policies and will result in mass violations of human rights, murder, and further unthinkable crimes against humanity- Urgarte et. Al, 3 (Marisa B., Executive director at Bilateral safety Corridor Coalition Laura Zarate, Directora at Alentar | Capacitación and Recursos Humanos, Docente Universitaria - Tutora Académica at Universidad Catolica de Cuyo, Melissa Farley, an American clinical psychologist and researcher and feminist anti-pornography and anti-prostitution activist. Farley is best known for her studies of the effects of prostitution, trafficking, and sexual violence, “Prostitution and Trafficking of Women and Children from Mexico to the United States,” http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/Mexico-U.S.20Trafficking.pdf, P.148-167, Accessed: 12/15/13, LPS.)
There is great danger of sex trafficking¶ occurs along the Mexican-U. AND themselves would risk felony¶ charges for illegal entry into the United States.¶ The pre-supposed ideology of Latin American women of lesser tools and “meat” of men is the worst form of dehumanization- the psychic violence caused outweighs all other impacts- Urgarte et. Al, 3 (Marisa B., Executive director at Bilateral safety Corridor Coalition Laura Zarate, Directora at Alentar | Capacitación and Recursos Humanos, Docente Universitaria - Tutora Académica at Universidad Catolica de Cuyo, Melissa Farley, an American clinical psychologist and researcher and feminist anti-pornography and anti-prostitution activist. Farley is best known for her studies of the effects of prostitution, trafficking, and sexual violence, “Prostitution and Trafficking of Women and Children from Mexico to the United States,” http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/Mexico-U.S.20Trafficking.pdf, P.148-167, Accessed: 12/15/13, LPS.)
Mexican and other Latin American men generally assume the right to sexu-¶ ally exploit AND to sufÔ¨Åciently resist.¶ They may feel especially work really was.
The tradition security mentality of anti trafficking policy cause more harms to trafficked persons by simply placing them back in the beginning of the cycle, essentially re-trafficking them. Lobasz, Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Political Science at the University of Minnesota, 2009 Jennifer k., “Beyond Border Security: Feminist Approaches to Human Trafficking” https://www.academia.edu/294799/Beyond_Border_Security_Feminist_Approaches_to_Human_Trafficking, 1/2/14, JAZ Feminists challenge the traditional security approach to international¶ human trafficking on two levels: AND ¶ security approaches to human trafficking are both morally and practically¶ deficient.¶
The current international ethic towards trafficked women is devoid of values, ignoring the gendered lens which continuing a cycle where nothing is resolved. Santokie, PhD Political Science, Department of political science University of Toronto, 2012 Kara, University of Toronto ““Caring” Global Policy? Sex Trafficking and Feminist International Ethics,” https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/34875/3/Santokie_Kara_201211_PhD_thesis.pdf, 1/2/14, JAZ In this context, relational autonomy might be understood as the concrete expression of ¶ AND this question becomes simple with the application of an ethic of care. ¶
Nuclear miscalculation and genocide are inevitable absent our ethic—we control direction of uniqueness in a world of realism- it justifies Auschwitz and Hiroshima Fasching 93 (Darrell J., Prof of Religious Studies @ U of South Florida, The Ethical Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima, p. 232-233) These technological barbarians, says Neuhaus, "are composed of the most sophisticated and AND , as an absolute limit to which all sacred orders must be subordinated.
Thus the Plan: The United States federal government should increase its economic engagement with the United Mexican States by the expansion of anti-trafficking resources.
Reanalyzing representations of trafficked persons prevents the cycle of trafficking that is fueled by racism, sexism and marginalization. Lobasz, Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Political Science at the University of Minnesota, 2009 Jennifer k., “Beyond Border Security: Feminist Approaches to Human Trafficking” https://www.academia.edu/294799/Beyond_Border_Security_Feminist_Approaches_to_Human_Trafficking, 1/2/14, JAZ This impasse seems, at first glance, irreconcilable, and, perhaps as relates AND ¶ or otherwise, is to discover how we might escape this cycle. Changing the way trafficked persons who are trafficked are treated before after and during the practice of trafficking prevention must be done with the ethic of care, as the goal of fostering autonomy is where true prevention could be completed. Santokie, PhD Political Science, Department of Political Science University of Toronto, 2012 Kara, University of Toronto ““Caring” Global Policy? Sex Trafficking and Feminist International Ethics,” https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/34875/3/Santokie_Kara_201211_PhD_thesis.pdf, 1/2/14, JAZ
In general, the nature of the relationship between the international community and ¶ trafficked AND even within the context of ¶ constrained choices, autonomy is exercised. ¶
Intervening actors check all impacts—can’t be responsible for events beyond our direct control Gewirth 83 (Alan, philosopher, Human Rights: Essays on Justification and Applications, p 230-231) A third distinction is between respecting other persons and avoiding bad consequences. Respect for AND rights cannot justifiably be secured at the price of the rights of blacks.
Extinction is inevitable—this is an opportunity to prioritize ethics Clark 10 (Nigel, Senior Lecturer in Geography @ Open U, Ex-Orbitant Generosity: Gifts of Love in a Cold Cosmos, Parallax, Vol. 16, No. 1, p. 80-95) In this way, desire or love is becoming, and generosity is generativity - AND turning away has a defining quality. If not us, then who?
The Aff is a prior question and has ultimate policy relevance – deconstructing gender sets the necessary terms for effective politics. The neg can never capture the ethical critique of the 1AC. Our criticism is a pre-requisite to preventing policy failure–focusing solely on policy solutions leads to blowback and turns their offense. Shepherd 2007 Laura J., Department of Political Science and International Studies, University of Birmingham, “Victims, Perpetrators and Actors’ Revisited:1 Exploring the Potential for a Feminist Reconceptualisation of (International) Security and (Gender) Violence,” BJPIR: 2007 VOL 9, 239–256
In this article, I explore the discursive constitution of concepts of (gender) AND men’ and ‘women’—than linguistic practices can enable thinking gender differently.
Without absolute side constraints against violating human dignity, utilitarianism becomes a justification for slavery, torture, and murder. Clifford, Professor of Philosophy @ Mississippi State University, 11 Michael, Spring, “MORAL LITERACY”, Volume 11, Issue 2, https://webprod1.uvu.edu/ethics/seac/Clifford_Moral_Literacy.pdf, Accessed 7-6-13, ABS
Whether or not you believe in individual rights, whether or not you are convinced AND to be a line that cannot be crossed, regardless of the consequences.
Current constructions of trafficking do not allow for the multiplicity of trafficked persons and discount their worth, actors must be constructed as individuals with equal human rights. Lobasz, Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Political Science at the University of Minnesota, 2009 Jennifer k., “Beyond Border Security: Feminist Approaches to Human Trafficking” https://www.academia.edu/294799/Beyond_Border_Security_Feminist_Approaches_to_Human_Trafficking, 1/2/14, JAZ Feminist analyses of human trafficking do more than expand the referent¶ of security from AND for purposes¶ including, but not exclusive to, the sex trade. The state is inevitable—means you have an ethical obligation to strive to make it better-we have a responsibility to use the state when a particularity demands it – Derrida ‘4 Jacques Derrida, Directeur d’Etudes at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales in Paris, and Professor of Philosophy, French and Comparative Literature at the University of California, Irvine, 2004, For What Tomorrow? A Dialogue With Elisabeth Roudinesco, p. 91-92 J.D.: A moment ago you spoke of regicide as the necessity AND im¬possible, and not sovereignty, even when it seems possible.
There’s a moral obligation to act against injustice even when our words won’t have an effect Filice 90 (Carlo, Asst Prof of Philosophy @ State University of New York, On the Obligation to Keep Informed about Distant Atrocities, Geneseo, Human Rights Quarterly, Aug, Vol. 12, No. 3. p. 397-414) Objection 111: Help only those you can, i.e., your neighbors AND must not collapse into the need to limit one's focus to parochial matters.
2/3/14
Water 1AC-
Tournament: Alta | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All Plan: The United States federal government should increase its investment in Transboundary aquifers and water infrastructure integration and development bilaterally with the United Mexican States Advantage 1 is Water
There is no comprehensive aquifer agreement currently Eckstein, Professor of Law, Texas Wesleyan University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX, USA Director, International Water Law Project, 2011 (Gabriel E, International Community Law Review 13 (2011) 273–290, “Buried Treasure or Buried Hope? The Status of Mexico-U.S. Transboundary Aquifers under International Law”, Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2011, http://www.internationalwaterlaw.org/bibliography/articles/Eckstein-Mex-US_ICLR.pdf, JAZ)
Presently, there exists no comprehensive agreement between Mexico and the United States on the regulation, management, allocation, or protection of the numerous aquifers ….. This multiplicity of legal regimes and jurisdictions, however, is one of the most vexing challenges to the development of robust bi-national cooperation.
Lack of regulation leads to contamination, depletion of resources, and unclear information that is necessary for both countries Eckstein, Professor of Law, Texas Wesleyan University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX, USA Director, International Water Law Project, 2011 (Gabriel E, International Community Law Review 13 (2011) 273–290, “Buried Treasure or Buried Hope? The Status of Mexico-U.S. Transboundary Aquifers under International Law”, Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2011, http://www.internationalwaterlaw.org/bibliography/articles/Eckstein-Mex-US_ICLR.pdf, JAZ)
The boundary between the Mexico and the United States stretches 1954 miles from the Pacific Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico. ….. and cesspools discharging around 94 million gallons of wastewater per day into the subsurface.18
We celebrate new Border 2012 demonstration projects, including storm-water detention structures in Nogales, Sonora; ….. and the reduction of GHG within the border states, and (b) current market initiatives within the United States and practical information regarding financial tools and mechanisms for projects.
Cooperation with Mexico on climate change gets modeled globally Selee, Vice President for Programs and Senior Advisor to the Mexico Institute, and Wilson, associate with the Mexico Institute, 2012 (Andrew and Christopher, November, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, “A New Agenda With Mexico,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/a_new_agenda_with_mexico.pdf, accessed 7-6-13, EB) Over the past few years, the U.S. and Mexican governments have expanded beyond the bilateral ….. and through cooperative efforts the U.S. can take advantage of Mexico’s role as a bridge between the developed and developing worlds, and between North America and Latin America.
Scientific Consensus Based on Climate Models and Observational Data That Warming is Real and Anthropogenic By Joe Romm on Aug 28, 2012 at 12:29 pm OE ROMM is a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress “Meteorological Society: Warming Is ‘Unequivocal’, We’re The ‘Dominant Cause’, We Need ‘Rapid Reduction’ Of CO2” http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/08/28/757991/meteorological-society-warming-is-unequivocal-were-the-dominant-cause-we-need-rapid-reduction-of-co2/ The American Meteorological Society has updated and strengthened its statement on global warming. Here are its summary …… according to many different kinds of evidence. Observations show increases in globally averaged air and ocean temperatures, as well as widespread melting of sno w and ice and rising globally averaged sea level.
Warming causes extinction - a preponderance of evidence proves it's real, anthropogenic, and outweighs other threats- turns every impact Scranton, 11/10 (Roy, Department of English at Princeton University, joined the English Department in 2010. His interests include the literature and cultures of war, 20th-century American literature, and the rhetoric and practice of experimental literature, His scholarship and essays have been published or are forthcoming in Contemporary Literature, Theory and Event, the New York Times, Boston Review, Bookforum, and elsewhere. He has also published fiction in Prairie Schooner, Epiphany, and LIT. He is co-editor of Fire and Forget: Short Stories from the Long War (Da Capo, 2013), an anthology of literary fiction by veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan. 11/10/13, The New York Times, “Learning How to Die in the Anthropocene,” http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/10/learning-how-to-die-in-the-anthropocene/?_r=1and, Accessed: 11/13/13, LPS.)
The challenge the Anthropocene poses is a challenge not just to national security, to food and energy markets, or to our “way of life” — though these challenges are all real, profound, and inescapable. …… If homo sapiens (or some genetically modified variant) survives the next millenniums, it will be survival in a world unrecognizably different from the one we have inhabited.
Scenario Two is Disease-
Water infrastructure is key to solve water borne diseases EPA, 13 (Environment Protection Agency, 3/21/13, Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Mexico Border Program Improving Public Health and the Environment in U.S.-Mexico Border Communities, http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/wastewater/mexican/, Accessed: 11/11/13, LPS.)
The EPA U.S. Mexico Borderer Water Infrastructure Program works collaboratively to address critical public health and environmental problems ….. Public Health Benefits: 60,000 homes have been connected with safe drinking water and 544,000 homes with adequate wastewater service which has helped reduce the risk of water-borne diseases.
Clean water scarcity perpetuates the rich poor binary – means disease, poverty, and death Ereklam 09 (Franziska Erklam, Aarhus School of Business, University of Aarhus, Peer reviewed by Academic Supervisor: Christian Bjørnskov, http://pure.au.dk/portal-asb-student/files/7926/Franziska_Erlekam_-_Master_Thesis.pdf, “To which extent is water shortage a key determinant for a retarded economic growth? A case study of Mexico City”, September 2009, 7/19/13, CW) Despite institutional efforts, the supply of clean water is neither nationwide, nor fairly distributed within the Federal District. …… have been detected in the water72. Almost 50 percent of the water running out of the households’ taps is actually not drinkable, they claim73. Due to this fact, there was a boom in the sale of bottled water in the last decade
Disease leads to extinction Discover 2000 (“Twenty Ways the World Could End” by Corey Powell in Discover Magazine, October 2000, http://discovermagazine.com/2000/oct/featworld) If Earth doesn't do us in, our fellow organisms might be up to the task. Germs and people have always coexisted, but occasionally the balance gets out of whack …. About 12,000 years ago, a sudden wave of mammal extinctions swept through the Americas. Ross MacPhee of the American Museum of Natural History argues the culprit was extremely virulent disease, which humans helped transport as they migrated into the New World.
Scenario 3 is Economic Benefits
Water Infrastructure has massive economic benefits EPA, 13 (Environment Protection Agency, 3/21/13, Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Mexico Border Program Improving Public Health and the Environment in U.S.-Mexico Border Communities, http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/wastewater/mexican/, Accessed: 11/11/13, LPS.)
Environmental Benefits: More than 450 …… due to reduced health care costs and gains in productivity. Infrastructure construction stimulates local economies and creates jobs.
Economic cooperation between the US and Mexico is key to the global economy Schiffer, President of the Inter-American Dialogue, 2013 (Michael Schiffer, February, “A More Ambitious Agenda: A Report of the Inter-American Dialogue’s commission on Mexico-US relations.” http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD9042_USMexicoReportEnglishFinal.pdf Date Accessed 7-5-2013, BK)
The first is to reinforce and deepen economic cooperation. ….. and Canada in negotiations toward the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP).
Economic downturn causes great power wars and extinction.
AUSLIN ‘9 - scholar at American Enterprise Institute (Michael, “The global Economy Unravels” American Enterprise Institute, http://www.aei.org/publications/filter.all,pubID.29502/pub_detail.asp)
What do these trends mean in the short and medium term? ….. The result may be a series of small explosions that coalesce into a big bang
We, the National Coordinators of the 115.-Mexico Border Environmental Program: ….. Tribal Border Water Infrastructure funding to serve the Campo Band of Mission Indians.
The federal government has a moral obligation to ensure the well-being of American Indians to do otherwise is racist Berry et al 3 - Professor of American Social Thought and Professor of History at the University of Pennsylvania (Mary, US Commission on Civil Rights, “A Quiet Crises: Federal Funding and Unmet Needs in Indian Country”, http://www.usccr.gov/pubs/na0703/na0731.pdf) *Mary Berry is the chairperson of the commission A quiet crisis is occurring in Indian Country. ……. The disparities in services show evidence of discrimination and denial of equal protection of the laws.
Racism creates a permanent condition of war Mendieta 02, Eduardo Mendieta, PhD and Associate professor of Stonybrook School of Philosophy, “‘To make live and to let die’ –Foucault on Racism Meeting of the Foucault Circle, APA Central Division Meeting” http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/philosophy/people/faculty_pages/docs/foucault.pdf This is where racism intervenes, not from without, exogenously, but from within, constitutively. For the emergence of biopower as the form of a new form of political rationality, entails the inscription within the very logic of the modern state the logic of racism. For racism grants, and here I am quoting: ….. To protect society entails we be ready to kill its threats, its foes, and if we understand society as a unity of life, as a continuum of the living, then these threat and foes are biological in nature.
Racism outweighs– its the precondition to ethical political decision making. MEMMI 2k – Professor Emeritus of Sociology at the University of Paris (Albert, “RACISM”, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163-165) The struggle against racism will be long, difficult, without intermission ….. If it is accepted, we can hope someday to live in peace. True, it is a wager, but the stakes are irresistible.
Advantage Two is Relations
A Window of opportunity is opening now to bolster bilateral relations- Failure to cooperate kills relations- would be perceived by Mexico and other Latin American partners as a “okay” to continue with weapons smuggling and drug trade- continued relations are key Wilson, et. al. 13 (Christopher E., Christopher Wilson is an Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Eric L. Olson, the Associate Director of the Latin American Program at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, DC, Miguel R. Salazar , the Public Affairs Specialist for the Latin American Program's Mexico Institute, where he is responsible for the program's outreach and communications efforts, Andrew Selee, the Wilson Center’s Vice President for Programs in April 2012. He was the founding Director the Center’s Mexico Institute from 2003-12. He is an adjunct professor of Government at Johns Hopkins University and of International Affairs at George Washington University and has been a visiting professor at El Colegio de Mexico, and Duncan Wood, the Director of the Mexico Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, January, 2013, The Wilson Center, “New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S. Mexico Relations,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf, Accessed: 8/8/13, LPS.)
A long term commitment to supporting institutional reform in Mexico; reducing illegal drug consumption and disrupting firearms trafficking and money laundering at home. ….. Amidst the devastating violence and insecurity that gripped Mexico the past six years, there is some good news – the U.S. and Mexico are working together to find solutions.
Mexico is investigating allegations that the United States spied on President Enrique Pena Nieto before his election, and on his predecessor, Felipe Calderon. …. '' and said his government will insist that those who authorized it "be sanctioned appropriately.''
Water infrastructure is key to relations Seelke, Specialist in Latin American Affairs at the Congressional Research Service, 2013 Clare Ribando, Mexico’s Peña Nieto Administration: ¶Priorities and Key Issues in U.S.-Mexican ¶Relations, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42917.pdf, 11/18/13, JAZ
As Mexico is experiencing a major domestic shift in power from PAN to PRI rule, U.S.-Mexican ¶ relations are also evolving …..
Mexico has emerged as a new issue of interest, while water disputes in the Rio Grande region ¶ have reemerged as a bone of contention
Current Co-op on Water is not sufficient Eckstein, Professor of Law, Texas Wesleyan University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX, USA Director, International Water Law Project, 2011 (Gabriel E, International Community Law Review 13 (2011) 273–290, “Buried Treasure or Buried Hope? The Status of Mexico-U.S. Transboundary Aquifers under International Law”, Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2011, http://www.internationalwaterlaw.org/bibliography/articles/Eckstein-Mex-US_ICLR.pdf, JAZ)
Transboundary aquifers, however, underlay large segments of the border region …. and non-point sources, including domestic septic tanks and cesspools discharging¶ around 94 million gallons of wastewater per day into the subsurface.18
And that Spills over Taylor, State Department correspondent. for the Washington Times, ‘13 (Guy, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/feb/28/energy-links-seen-boosting-us-ties-mexico/, 2/28/13, “Energy links seen boosting U.S. ties to Mexico”, js) A senior Obama administration official voiced optimism about the growing economic relationship between the U.S. and Mexico, …… that has dominated relations between the U.S. and its southern neighbor — particularly since nearly 60,000 people were killed in drug-related violence in Mexico during recent years.
Spillover leads to two internal links First is US hegemony- Mexican Stability is Critical to U.S. Hegemony Kaplan, Chief Geopolitical Analyst at Stratfor, 12 Kaplan, March 2012, Stratfor, “With the Focus on Syria, Mexico Burns,” http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/focus-syria-mexico-burns, accessed 7/5/13, AR) While the foreign policy elite in Washington focuses on the 8,000 deaths in a conflict in Syria … If policymakers in Washington calculate U.S. interests properly regarding those two critical countries, then the United States will have power to spare so that its elites can continue to focus on serious moral questions in places that matter less.
Events in Libya are a further reminder for Americans that we stand at a crossroads ….. in East Asia over the second half of the 20th century, setting the stage for the Pacific Century now unfolding.
Second is the Drug war US bilateral co-op and economic co-op is key to combat the drug war O’Neal Senior Fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) 2011 (Shannon K. March 29 2011. Center on Foreign Relations “U.S. and Mexico Must Increase Cooperation to Confront Drug War, Argues CFR Report” http://www.cfr.org/mexico/us-mexico-must-increase-cooperation-confront-drug-war-argues-cfr-report/p24514 NMS) “Mexico is in the midst of a worsening security crisis,” warns David A. Shirk, director of the Trans-Border Institute at the University of San Diego in a new Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) Special Report. ….. - Focus on U.S. drug demand, firearms, and money laundering at home, and direct greater assistance for institutional and economic development, such as educational and judicial reform.
We’ll isolate two impact scenarios 1.) Moral Obligation to solve Mexico drug violence—it’s the root cause of homicide, violence, human trafficking, kidnapping and and government instability Buscaglia, senior scholar in Law and Economics at Columbia University, 13 (Edgardo, senior scholar in Law and Economics at Columbia University, and president of the Instituto de Acción Ciudadana in Mexico, 5/30/13, The New York Times, “Mexico’s Deadly Power Vaacum,” http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/31/opinion/global/mexicos-deadly-power-vacuum.html?pagewanted=1and_r=0andref=drugtrafficking, Accessed: 6/28/13, LPS.)
It is fashionable in the United States these days to assert that Mexico has arrived on the world stage economically and politically. …..
Studies show that organized crime syndicates usually try to avoid confrontation with strong central governments, preferring to operate in local and regional markets that augment the lucrative trade in illicit narcotics. Unstable governments cause extinction Manwaring, Professor of Military Strategy, 5 Max G., retired army colonel and former member of Defense Intelligence Agency, “Venezuela's Hugo Chavez, Bolivarian Socialism, and Asymmetric Warfare,” p. 22-23, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub628.pdf, accessed 7/1/13, MC
President Chávez also understands that the process leading to state failure is the most dangerous long-term security challenge facing the global community today. …..
And, of course, the longer dysfunctional, rogue, criminal, and narco-states and people’s democracies persist, the more they and their associated problems endanger global security, peace, and prosperity.65
We have a responsibility to use the state when a particularity demands it – Derrida ‘4 Jacques Derrida, Directeur d’Etudes at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales in Paris, and Professor of Philosophy, French and Comparative Literature at the University of California, Irvine, 2004, For What Tomorrow? A Dialogue With Elisabeth Roudinesco, p. 91-92 J.D.: A moment ago you spoke of regicide as the necessity of an ex¬ception, in sum. ….. Deconstruction is on the side of unconditionaliry, even when it seems im¬possible, and not sovereignty, even when it seems possible.
Drug cartels along America’s southern border, whose smuggling operations move contraband and people into the United States, ……
And the military has to build bridges to the civilian sectors to create security.
Hezbollah has the capability- it’s only a matter of cartels helping them Devoe, Government Relations Journalist, 12 (Todd W. Devoe, February 5, 2012, American Board for Certification in Homeland Security, “Violence at Our Borders: Its Potential Effects on Homeland Security,” http://www.abchs.com/ihs/SPRING2012/ihs_articles_cover.php, accessed June 30, 2013, EK)
Do the cartels move their product illegally across the border with little effort? …… Is this an ongoing problem for the United States? Yes, every day.
Terrorist retaliation causes nuclear war – draws in Russia and China Ayson, Victoria University professor in strategic studies, 10(Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, July, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld)
A terrorist nuclear attack, and even the use of nuclear weapons in response by the country attacked in the first place, would not necessarily represent the worst of the nuclear worlds imaginable. ….. In that situation, the temptations to preempt such actions might grow, although it must be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.
This year will see very little progress in increasing potable water, sanitation and wastewater treatment coverages in Mexico, according to the government's first annual report. …… Antonio Fernández, Conagua director of potable water, sanitation studies and projects, previously told BNamericas that the government plans to invest an annual average of 42bn pesos in water infrastructure.
Federal Government key to solve Eckstein, Professor of Law, Texas Wesleyan University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX, USA Director, International Water Law Project, 2011 (Gabriel E, International Community Law Review 13 (2011) 273–290, “Buried Treasure or Buried Hope? The Status of Mexico-U.S. Transboundary Aquifers under International Law”, Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2011, http://www.internationalwaterlaw.org/bibliography/articles/Eckstein-Mex-US_ICLR.pdf, JAZ)
One of the most essential procedural requirements for transboundary waters is the regular exchange of data and information. ….. 74 a general notice requirement for plans to exploit a transboundary natural resource is already part of customary international law.75 71)
12/10/13
Water 1AC-Gonzaga
Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 2 | Opponent: New Advantage | Judge: New Advantage Plan: The United States federal government should increase its investment in Transboundary aquifers, infrastructure and technology trade, water infrastructure integration and development bilaterally with the United Mexican States. Advantage 1 is Water
A Window of opportunity is opening now to bolster bilateral relations- Failure to cooperate kills relations- would be perceived by Mexico and other Latin American partners as a “okay” to continue with weapons smuggling and drug trade- continued relations are key Wilson, et. al. 13 (Christopher E., Christopher Wilson is an Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Eric L. Olson, the Associate Director of the Latin American Program at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, DC, Miguel R. Salazar , the Public Affairs Specialist for the Latin American Program's Mexico Institute, where he is responsible for the program's outreach and communications efforts, Andrew Selee, the Wilson Center’s Vice President for Programs in April 2012. He was the founding Director the Center’s Mexico Institute from 2003-12. He is an adjunct professor of Government at Johns Hopkins University and of International Affairs at George Washington University and has been a visiting professor at El Colegio de Mexico, and Duncan Wood, the Director of the Mexico Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, January, 2013, The Wilson Center, “New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S. Mexico Relations,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf, Accessed: 8/8/13, LPS.)
A long term commitment to supporting institutional reform in Mexico; reducing illegal drug consumption and disrupting firearms trafficking and money laundering at home. …… Amidst the devastating violence and insecurity that gripped Mexico the past six years, there is some good news – the U.S. and Mexico are working together to find solutions.
Water infrastructure is key to relations Seelke, Specialist in Latin American Affairs at the Congressional Research Service, 2013 Clare Ribando, Mexico’s Peña Nieto Administration: ¶Priorities and Key Issues in U.S.-Mexican ¶Relations, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42917.pdf, 11/18/13, JAZ
As Mexico is experiencing a major domestic shift in power from PAN to PRI rule, U.S.-Mexican ¶ relations are also evolving.
…..
Mexico has emerged as a new issue of interest, while water disputes in the Rio Grande region ¶ have reemerged as a bone of contention
Current Co-op on Water is not sufficient Eckstein, Professor of Law, Texas Wesleyan University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX, USA Director, International Water Law Project, 2011 (Gabriel E, International Community Law Review 13 (2011) 273–290, “Buried Treasure or Buried Hope? The Status of Mexico-U.S. Transboundary Aquifers under International Law”, Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2011, http://www.internationalwaterlaw.org/bibliography/articles/Eckstein-Mex-US_ICLR.pdf, JAZ)
Transboundary aquifers, however, underlay large segments of the border region.¶ Numerous wells dot the landscape and peoples on both side of the border rely¶ heavily on the region’s ground water resources. ….. and non-point sources, including domestic septic tanks and cesspools discharging¶ around 94 million gallons of wastewater per day into the subsurface.18
Lack of regulation leads to contamination, depletion of resources, and unclear information that is necessary for both countries Eckstein, Professor of Law, Texas Wesleyan University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX, USA Director, International Water Law Project, 2011 (Gabriel E, International Community Law Review 13 (2011) 273–290, “Buried Treasure or Buried Hope? The Status of Mexico-U.S. Transboundary Aquifers under International Law”, Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2011, http://www.internationalwaterlaw.org/bibliography/articles/Eckstein-Mex-US_ICLR.pdf, JAZ)
The boundary between the Mexico and the United States stretches 1954 miles from the Pacific Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico.4 For the most part, it is a dry and arid environment ……
around 94 million gallons of wastewater per day into the subsurface.18
We celebrate new Border 2012 demonstration projects, including storm-water detention structures in Nogales, Sonora; designed wetlands in Mexicali and Tecate; ….. , and the reduction of GHG within the border states, and (b) current market initiatives within the United States and practical information regarding financial tools and mechanisms for projects.
Cooperation with Mexico on climate change gets modeled globally Selee, Vice President for Programs and Senior Advisor to the Mexico Institute, and Wilson, associate with the Mexico Institute, 2012 (Andrew and Christopher, November, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, “A New Agenda With Mexico,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/a_new_agenda_with_mexico.pdf, accessed 7-6-13, EB) Over the past few years, the U.S. and Mexican governments have expanded beyond the bilateral agenda to work closely together …… and through cooperative efforts the U.S. can take advantage of Mexico’s role as a bridge between the developed and developing worlds, and between North America and Latin America.
2 Impacts- 1st- Scientific Consensus Based on Climate Models and Observational Data That Warming is Real and Anthropogenic By Joe Romm on Aug 28, 2012 at 12:29 pm OE ROMM is a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress “Meteorological Society: Warming Is ‘Unequivocal’, We’re The ‘Dominant Cause’, We Need ‘Rapid Reduction’ Of CO2” http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/08/28/757991/meteorological-society-warming-is-unequivocal-were-the-dominant-cause-we-need-rapid-reduction-of-co2/ The American Meteorological Society has updated and strengthened its statement on global warming. Here are its summary …… Observations show increases in globally averaged air and ocean temperatures, as well as widespread melting of sno w and ice and rising globally averaged sea level.
Warming causes extinction - a preponderance of evidence proves it's real, anthropogenic, and outweighs other threats- turns every impact Scranton, 11/10 (Roy, Department of English at Princeton University, joined the English Department in 2010. His interests include the literature and cultures of war, 20th-century American literature, and the rhetoric and practice of experimental literature, His scholarship and essays have been published or are forthcoming in Contemporary Literature, Theory and Event, the New York Times, Boston Review, Bookforum, and elsewhere. He has also published fiction in Prairie Schooner, Epiphany, and LIT. He is co-editor of Fire and Forget: Short Stories from the Long War (Da Capo, 2013), an anthology of literary fiction by veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan. 11/10/13, The New York Times, “Learning How to Die in the Anthropocene,” http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/10/learning-how-to-die-in-the-anthropocene/?_r=1and, Accessed: 11/13/13, LPS.)
The challenge the Anthropocene poses is a challenge not just to national security, to food and energy markets, or to our “way of life” …. If homo sapiens (or some genetically modified variant) survives the next millenniums, it will be survival in a world unrecognizably different from the one we have inhabited.
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), ….. and (c) the biological effects of decreasing ocean pH reach far beyond limiting calcification.
Ocean acidification caused extinction, empirically proven Dickey ’10 Gwyneth Dickey is an intern at the Stanford News Service. “Stanford scientists link ocean acidification to prehistoric mass extinction” Stanford Report, April 27, 2010, http://news.stanford.edu/news/2010/april/prehistoric-mass-extinction-042710.htmlEarth experienced its biggest mass extinction 250 million years ago. New evidence from Stanford, which looks at calcium isotopes, …… China helps answer a question scientists have been debating for decades: What caused the mass extinction?
Scenario Two is Disease-
Water infrastructure is key to solve water borne diseases EPA, 13 (Environment Protection Agency, 3/21/13, Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Mexico Border Program Improving Public Health and the Environment in U.S.-Mexico Border Communities, http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/wastewater/mexican/, Accessed: 11/11/13, LPS.)
The EPA U.S. Mexico Borderer Water Infrastructure Program works collaboratively to address critical public health and environmental problems …. . Public Health Benefits: 60,000 homes have been connected with safe drinking water and 544,000 homes with adequate wastewater service which has helped reduce the risk of water-borne diseases.
Clean water is a pre-req to solve for all water-bourne diseases- means only the aff can solve- The United Nations World Water Development Report, 12 (The United Nations World Water Development Report, 2012, Lenntech, “The United Nations World Water Development Report 'Water for people Water for life',” http://www.lenntech.com/library/diseases/diseases/waterborne-diseases.htm, P. 102, Accessed: 12/31/13, LPS.) ¶ The only way to break the continued transmission is to improve the people’s hygienic behaviour and to provide them with certain basic needs: drinking water, washing and bathing facilities and sanitation ….. chlorine dioxide or ozone, and irradiation with Ultra-Violet (UV) radiation.
3 Impacts-
1st-Water-bourne diseases account for more than 4/5th of ALL deaths in developing countries- means we control the direction of magnitude- their generic impact defense can never assume the scope of our systemic impact- The United Nations World Water Development Report, 12 (The United Nations World Water Development Report, 2012, Lenntech, “The United Nations World Water Development Report 'Water for people Water for life',” http://www.lenntech.com/library/diseases/diseases/waterborne-diseases.htm, P. 102, Accessed: 12/31/13, LPS.)
Water-borne diseases are any illness caused by drinking water contaminated by human or animal faeces, which contain pathogenic microorganisms.¶ The full picture of water-associated diseases is complex for a number of reasons. Over the past decades, the picture of water-related human health issues has become increasingly comprehensive …… In developing countries four-fifths of all the illnesses are caused by water-borne diseases, with diarrhoea being the leading cause of childhood death.
Disease spread leads to extinction Greger 08 – M.D., is Director of Public Health and Animal Agriculture at The Humane Society of the United States (Michael Greger, Bird Flu: A Virus of Our Own Hatching, http://birdflubook.com/a.php?id=111) Senate Majority Leader Frist describes the recent slew of emerging diseases in almost biblical terms: “All of these new diseases were advance patrols of a great army that is preparing way out of sight.” ……. Yet such optimism,” wrote the Ehrlich prize-winning former chair of zoology at the University College of London, “might easily transmute into a tune whistled whilst passing a graveyard.”3154
2nd-Clean water scarcity perpetuates the rich poor binary – means disease, poverty, and death Ereklam 09 (Franziska Erklam, Aarhus School of Business, University of Aarhus, Peer reviewed by Academic Supervisor: Christian Bjørnskov, http://pure.au.dk/portal-asb-student/files/7926/Franziska_Erlekam_-_Master_Thesis.pdf, “To which extent is water shortage a key determinant for a retarded economic growth? A case study of Mexico City”, September 2009, 7/19/13, CW) Despite institutional efforts, the supply of clean water is neither nationwide, nor fairly distributed within the Federal District ….. have been detected in the water72. Almost 50 percent of the water running out of the households’ taps is actually not drinkable, they claim73. Due to this fact, there was a boom in the sale of bottled water in the last decade
3rd-Lack of Water sanitation causes billions of deaths and hundreds of millions of people to live with unbearable disabilities- The United Nations World Water Development Report, 12 (The United Nations World Water Development Report, 2012, Lenntech, “The United Nations World Water Development Report 'Water for people Water for life',” http://www.lenntech.com/library/diseases/diseases/waterborne-diseases.htm, P. 102, Accessed: 12/31/13, LPS.)
The global picture of water and health has a strong local dimension with some 1.1 billion people still lacking access to improved drinking water sources and some 2.4 billion to adequate sanitation. Today we have strong evidence that water-, sanitation and hygiene-related diseases account for some 2,213,000 deaths annually and an annual loss of 82,196,000 Disability Adjusted Life Years ( ….. has been claimed that malaria has reduced economic growth in African countries by 1.3 each year over the past 30 years .
Social structure unfairly favors certain forms of existence and the medical view of disability neglects the oppressive nature of the social structure. Medical View destroys value to life Ho, University of British Columbia, professor of applied Ethics, 5 (Anita, 4-1-05, The Graduate School, Syracuse University, “Building Pedagogical Curb Cuts: Incorporating Disability in the University Classroom and Curriculum,” http://www.syr.edu/gradschool/pdf/resourcebooksvideos/Pedagogical20Curb20Cuts.pdf, accessed: 7-5-2012, p.23, CAS)
In the reading packet that my student wished she did not have to purchase, I included articles and discussions from the disability perspectives that help to challenge the ways we understand various concepts. …..
. As I said, disability is not an “additional” topic, but an important part of our everyday existence.
We, the National Coordinators of the 115.-Mexico Border Environmental Program: ……
A Tribal Border Water Infrastructure funding to serve the Campo Band of Mission Indians.
The federal government has a moral obligation to ensure the well-being of American Indians to do otherwise is racist Berry et al 3 - Professor of American Social Thought and Professor of History at the University of Pennsylvania (Mary, US Commission on Civil Rights, “A Quiet Crises: Federal Funding and Unmet Needs in Indian Country”, http://www.usccr.gov/pubs/na0703/na0731.pdf) *Mary Berry is the chairperson of the commission A quiet crisis is occurring in Indian Country. Whether intentional or not, the government is failing to live up to its trust responsibility to Native
……. . The disparities in services show evidence of discrimination and denial of equal protection of the laws.
Racism leads to genocide and normalization of the worst atrocities Mendieta 02, Eduardo Mendieta, PhD and Associate professor of Stonybrook School of Philosophy, “‘To make live and to let die’ –Foucault on Racism Meeting of the Foucault Circle, APA Central Division Meeting” http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/philosophy/people/faculty_pages/docs/foucault.pdf This is where racism intervenes, not from without, exogenously, but from within, constitutively. For the emergence of biopower as the form of a new form of political rationality, entails the inscription within the very logic of the modern state the logic of racism. For racism grants, and here I am quoting: “ ….. To protect society entails we be ready to kill its threats, its foes, and if we understand society as a unity of life, as a continuum of the living, then these threat and foes are biological in nature.
Racism outweighs– its the precondition to ethical political decision making. MEMMI 2k – Professor Emeritus of Sociology at the University of Paris (Albert, “RACISM”, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163-165) The struggle against racism will be long, difficult, without intermission, without remission, probably never achieved, …. If it is accepted, we can hope someday to live in peace. True, it is a wager, but the stakes are irresistible.
We have a responsibility to use the state when a particularity demands it – Derrida ‘4 Jacques Derrida, Directeur d’Etudes at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales in Paris, and Professor of Philosophy, French and Comparative Literature at the University of California, Irvine, 2004, For What Tomorrow? A Dialogue With Elisabeth Roudinesco, p. 91-92 J.D.: A moment ago you spoke of regicide as the necessity of an ex¬ception, in sum. Well, yes, one can refer provisionally to Carl Schmitt (whatever one may think of him, his arguments are always useful for problematizing the “political …… Deconstruction is on the side of unconditionaliry, even when it seems im¬possible, and not sovereignty, even when it seems possible.
Advantage 2 is Framing First, No Power Wars- A) Globalization has made war obsolete – great powers and rising states need international institutions to survive Ikenberry, Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University, and Deudney, professor of political science at Johns Hopkins University, 2009 (Daniel and G. John, Jan/Feb, “The Myth of the Autocratic Revival,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 88, Issue 1, p. 8, EB) It is in combination with these factors that the regime divergence between autocracies and democracies will become increasingly dangerous. ….. In fact, the conditions of the twenty-first century point to the renewed value of international integration and cooperation. B) Nuclear weapons deter all war – empirics prove Tepperman, LL.M. in International Law from NYU, former Managing Editor of Foreign Affairs, 2009 (Jonathan, 8-28-9, The Daily Beast, “Why Obama Should Learn to Love the Bomb,” http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/08/28/why-obama-should-learn-to-love-the-bomb.html, accessed 7-14-13, EB) A growing and compelling body of research suggests that nuclear weapons ….. These countries may be brutally oppressive, but nothing in their behavior suggests they have a death wish.
C) Miscalculation is unlikely and doesn’t escalate Mueller, professor of Political Science at Ohio State University, 2010 (John, Atomic Obsession: Nuclear Alarmism from Hiroshima to Al-Qaeda, p. 100, EB) However, even if a bomb, or a few bombs, were to go off, it does not necessarily follow that war would result. …..
Most of the tactical and theatre weapons have been dismantled and the numbers of strategic weapons halved. Scenarios for nuclear extinction are exaggerated – scientists ignore the possibility of adaptation Martin, research associate in the Dept. of Mathematics at Australian National University, 1984 (Brian, May 1984, Scientists Against Nuclear Arms Newsletter, “Extinction politics,” number 16, p. 5-6, EB) The promotion of beliefs in massive death and destruction from war has been an important facet of the efforts of many peace movements. …. diets away from grain-fed beef to direct consumption of the grain, thereby greatly extending reserves of food.
This year will see very little progress in increasing potable water, sanitation and wastewater treatment coverages in Mexico, according to the government's first annual report. ….. Antonio Fernández, Conagua director of potable water, sanitation studies and projects, previously told BNamericas that the government plans to invest an annual average of 42bn pesos in water infrastructure.
Federal Government key to solve Eckstein, Professor of Law, Texas Wesleyan University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX, USA Director, International Water Law Project, 2011 (Gabriel E, International Community Law Review 13 (2011) 273–290, “Buried Treasure or Buried Hope? The Status of Mexico-U.S. Transboundary Aquifers under International Law”, Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2011, http://www.internationalwaterlaw.org/bibliography/articles/Eckstein-Mex-US_ICLR.pdf, JAZ)
One of the most essential procedural requirements for transboundary waters is the regular exchange of data and information. ….
74 a general notice requirement for plans to exploit a transboundary natural resource is already part of customary international law.75 71)
.