Opponent: St Paul Central BF | Judge: Devane Murphy
1AC- Drug Reparations 2NR- Zizek
Capitol Classic
2
Opponent: Bronx Science RN | Judge:
Accidentally defended fiat
Georgetown
Doubles
Opponent: GBN | Judge:
1AC THA v2
Georgetown
4
Opponent: St Ignatius | Judge:
1AC THA v2
Georgetown
Octas
Opponent: Berkeley Prep DD | Judge: Unwala, Randall, Day
1AC THA v2
Greenhill
2
Opponent: St Marks GP | Judge:
1AC from Wake
Greenhill
3
Opponent: Meadows CN | Judge:
1AC from wake 2NR - T QPQ
Greenhill
6
Opponent: Notre Dame AB | Judge:
1AC - THA v2 2NR - Oil Drilling Bad (Navy) Case D
Lexington
1
Opponent: Stuyvestant CX | Judge: Daniel Kim
1AC - IPR
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
Entry
Date
1AC - Embargo - UMich Round 2
Tournament: UMich | Round: 2 | Opponent: Detroit Community Hurricane MB | Judge: Kevin Bancroft Advantage 1 is Power:
Unipolarity has been the most violent time in US history Montiero ‘12 Winter 2012, Nuno Montiero is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yale University “Unrest Assured: Why Unipolarity is Not Peaceful” International Security, http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ISEC_a_00064, RS In contrast, the question of unipolar peacefulness has received virtually no attention. Although AND e., the debate on durability) has all but monopolized our attention.
Multiple structural factors make unilateral action unsustainable Haass ‘8 May/June 2008, Richard – President of the Council on Foreign Relations (Bottom of Form The Age of Nonpolarity What Will Follow U.S. Dominance, Foreign Affairs, RS But even if great-power rivals have not emerged, unipolarity has ended. AND or block Tehran's access to nuclear technology and materials. Nonpolarity begets nonpolarity.
Absolute power is inevitable—the relative rise of the rest means our hegemony is ineffective—increased cooperation and soft power is the only way to revitalize US influence Nye ‘10 November/December 2010, Joseph S. Nye, Jr., University Distinguished Service Professor at Harvard University, “The Future of American Power,” Foreign Affairs, Volume 89, Issue 6, RS Among the range of possible futures, the more likely are those in which China AND networks that are responsive to the new context of a global information age.
That makes multilateral cooperation key—The new distribution of power causes global instability and a power vacuum—International cooperation is key to fill in and create stability—solves every impact Haass ‘8 4/16/08, Richard Haass, president of the Council on Foreign Relations, “The Age of Nonpolarity”, http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2008/04/the_age_of_nonpolarity.html, RS The increasingly nonpolar world will have mostly negative consequences for the United States -- and AND and increase the odds that the international system will not deteriorate or disintegrate.
Power is not the same as leadership—only multilateral support can create an effective US-led international order—we’ll beat your turns with this card alone Fakiolas and Fakiolas ‘7 Efstathios T. Fakiolas holds a PhD from the Department of War Studies, King's College London, and is currently working as a strategy and southeastern European affairs analyst at ATEbank AND Tassos E. Fakiolas holds a PhD from IMEMO, Moscow, Russian Academy of Sciences and is a special adviser on Russian and east European affairs for a Greek business firm., “Pax Americana or Multilateralism?”, Mediterranean Quarterly 18.4 (2007) 53-86, RS Since the aftermath of the 11 September 2001 terrorist bombings, the president of the AND able to make its conception of order and stability acceptable to the others. Ending the Cuba embargo signals a commitment to multitateralism Colvin ‘8 Jake, fellow with the New Ideas Fund, a group that seeks new approaches and paradigms for U.S. national security and foreign policy. He is also Vice President for Global Trade Issues at the National Foreign Trade Council (NFTC) and oversees the Cuba initiative of USA*Engage, “The Case for a New Cuba Policy”, 12/23/2008, http://web.archive.org/web/20120904201743/http://www.newideasfund.org/proposals/Colvin20-20Cuba20-20Master.pdf, RS A signal to the world Beyond the domestic political benefit of acknowledging a changing Cuban AND have an enormous impact. I think you can do that with Cuba.?
Normalizing economic relations with Cuba is key to multilateralism – key to conflict resolution and reversing American decline Dickerson ‘10 Sergio M – Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted in fulfillment of a Master of Strategic Studies Degree at the US Army War College, “UNITED STATES SECURITY STRATEGY TOWARDS CUBA,” 1/14/10, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a518053.pdf, RS At the international political level, President Obama sees resuming relations with Cuba as a AND decline in the greater global order bringing true peace for years to come.
Independently, multilateralism solves every impact Zakaria, ’08 Fareed Zakaria, 10/29/08, “Wanted: A New Grand Strategy”, http://www.newsweek.com/2008/11/28/wanted-a-new-grand-strategy.html, DS The "Global Trends" report identifies several worrying aspects of the new international order AND world's major players, old and new, in order to be effective.
Multilateralism is good—it shows the US isn’t exceptionable enough to blow off the rest of the world which is the only way to solve global problems Rothkopf 13——visiting scholar at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace where he chairs the Carnegie Economic Strategy Roundtable. He was formerly chief executive of Intellibridge Corporation, managing director of Kissinger Associates and U.S. Deputy Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade Policy.¶ Rothkopf has also taught international affairs and national security studies at Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs and Georgetown's School of Foreign Service, (David, “Leaning Away Maybe the real failed states are the ones that have the means to help other nations -- but choose to retreat inward.” August, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/06/24/leaning_away?page=0,0, chm)we don’t endorse gendered language There are no failed states. There is only a failure of our international system AND historical isolationism, but which today seems much less inclined to do so.
US leadership in multilateral cooperation is key to solve warming Patrick 9 (Stewart, Senior Fellow and Director, Program on International Institutions and Global Governance, Washington Quarterly, October 1, “Prix Fixe and a` la Carte: Avoiding False Multilateral Choices”, EBSCO) Anticipating similar criticisms, the Obama administration launched the MEF with assurances that it would AND two forms of collective action should be mutually reinforcing, not mutually exclusive.
Warming’s real and anthropogenic---reject skeptics Prothero 12 Donald R. Prothero, Professor of Geology at Occidental College and Lecturer in Geobiology at the California Institute of Technology, 3-1-2012, "How We Know Global Warming is Real and Human Caused," Skeptic, 17.2, EBSCO
How do we know that global warming is real and primarilyhuman caused? There are AND change when it threatens their survival. Neither can we as a society.
And, warming leads to extinction Deibel, 2007 (Terry, Professor of National Strategy at the National War College, “Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft”, pgs. 387-389) Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as AND States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet.
Multilat leads to global coop and power sharing—it creates shared framework of interaction changes the way states interpret global politics Pouliot ’11 2011, Vincent, Professor of Political Science at McGill University, “Multilateralism as an End in Itself,” International Studies Perspectives (2011) 12, 18–26 Because it rests on open, nondiscriminatory debate, and the routine exchange of viewpoints AND that further strengthen the impetus for multilateral dialog. Pg. 21-23
That cooperation is key to planetary survival—weak regulations risk extinction. Masciulli ’11 February 2011, Joseph, Professor of Political Science at St Thomas University, “The Governance Challenge for Global Political and Technoscientific Leaders in an Era of Globalization and Globalizing Technologies,” Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society vol. 31 no. 1 pg. 3-5 What is most to be feared is enhanced global disorder resulting from the combination of AND survival and security to their longer term agendas. Pg. 4-5
Default to democratic peace – The aff locks in the war system – infinite number of possible ‘root causes’ means that only our theory solves Moore ‘04 John Moore, chaired law prof, UVA. first Chairman of the Board of the US Institute of Peace and as the Counselor on Int Law to the Dept. of State, Beyond the Democratic Peace, 44 Va. J. Int'l L. 341, Lexis If major interstate war is predominantly a product of a synergy between a potential nondemocratic AND in general, happens when levels of deterrence are dramatically increased or decreased?
The United States federal government should normalize its trade relations with the Republic of Cuba.
Plan The United States federal government should substantially normalize its trade relations with the Republic of Cuba.
Plan: The United States Federal Government should implement the agreement between the United States and United Mexican States concerning Transboundary Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico
1AC – PEMEX
Contention 1 is Pemex
Pemex is dying due to decreased production – reforms to spur deep water drilling and private investment is needed to revitalize Pemex Kerry et al. ’12 ~December/2012, JOHN F. KERRY is the secretary of state in the United States, ¶ BARBARA BOXER, California RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana¶ ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey BOB CORKER, Tennessee¶ BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho¶ ROBERT P. CASEY, Jr., Pennsylvania MARCO RUBIO, Florida¶ JIM WEBB, Virginia JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma¶ JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire JIM DeMINT, South Carolina¶ CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia¶ RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming¶ TOM UDALL, New Mexico MIKE LEE, Utah¶ William C. Danvers, Staff Director ¶ Kenneth A. Myers, Jr., Republican Staff Director, "OIL, MEXICO, AND THE AGREEMENT", December 2012, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT77567/html/CPRT-112SPRT77567.htm~~ Progress, but can it last? A snapshot of Mexico’s oil sector Mexico has AND poverty alleviation to the rule of law, let alone broader economic growth.
Current reforms are insufficient – International oil companies are deterred and privatization is not happening Otillar ’13~5/1/13, Steven Otillar, has been representing clients in the development, finance, acquisition and divestiture of domestic and international energy projects for over 15 years, with a particular emphasis on upstream projects in emerging markets, May 1, 2013, "Outlook for Mexico’s Oil Industry — Opportunities and Obstacles", http://cdn.akingump.com/images/content/2/3/v2/23206/Akin-Otillar.pdf-http://cdn.akingump.com/images/content/2/3/v2/23206/Akin-Otillar.pdf.~~ The Need for Reform Production from Mexico’s shallow offshore fields, including Cantarell, continues AND the number, type and complexity of projects being pursued in the aggregate.
TBA solves – it allows cooperation that leads to private investment in Mexico, increased production, and broader reforms Brown and Meacham ’13 ~6/5/13 Neil Brown and Carl Meacham, Brown is non-resident fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States. Meacham is director of the Americas Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, June 6, 2013, "Time for US-Mexico Transboundary Agreement", http://thehill.com/opinion/op-ed/303739-time-for-us-mexico-transboundary-agreement-http://thehill.com/opinion/op-ed/303739-time-for-us-mexico-transboundary-agreement.~~ The United States-Mexico Transboundary Agreement (TBA) would enable cooperation between our AND partners. That is good for Mexico and for the U.S.
And ONLY the TBA can lead to sustained Mexican oil production – solves growth Kerry et al. ’12 ~December/2012, JOHN F. KERRY is the secretary of state in the United States, ¶ BARBARA BOXER, California RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana¶ ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey BOB CORKER, Tennessee¶ BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho¶ ROBERT P. CASEY, Jr., Pennsylvania MARCO RUBIO, Florida¶ JIM WEBB, Virginia JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma¶ JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire JIM DeMINT, South Carolina¶ CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia¶ RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming¶ TOM UDALL, New Mexico MIKE LEE, Utah¶ William C. Danvers, Staff Director ¶ Kenneth A. Myers, Jr., Republican Staff Director, "OIL, MEXICO, AND THE AGREEMENT", December 2012, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT77567/html/CPRT-112SPRT77567.htm~~ The centerpiece of the TBA is the mandate to establish so-called ’’unitization’’ AND and friendly neighbor, Mexican oil imports support U.S. energy security
And the warrant is reverse casual – oil decline causes Mexican economic collapse Krauss and Malkin ’10 ~3/8/10, Clifford Kraus and Elisabeth Malkin, Krauss is a national business correspondent based in Houston covering energy for the NYT, Malkin covers environmental and energy news especially for Mexico for the NYT, "Mexico Oil Politics Keeps Riches Just Out of Reach", http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/09/business/global/09pemex.html?pagewanted=all26_r=0-http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/09/business/global/09pemex.html?pagewanted=all26_r=0.~~ VENUSTIANO CARRANZA, Mexico — To the Mexican people, one of the great achievements AND , Pemex is in a key moment in its history," he said.
Mexican growth is good Cohen 7-30 ~7/30/13, Luc Cohen is a Reporter for Reuters. "Mexico’s Poverty Rate: Half Of Country’s Population Lives In Poverty", http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/29/mexico-poverty_n_3673568.html~~ POVERTY TRAP While the number of people living in extreme poverty fell to 11. AND to grow at a faster clip in order to lower the poverty rate.
Mexico’s economy is critical to the US – collapse causes decline of US economy and competitiveness O’Neal ’13 ~2013, Shannon K. O’Neil is a senior fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations (CFR) a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization, "Two Nations Indivisible", it’s a book~ The Binational Road Forward. Mexico has come a long way in the last three AND already seen both sides of the border before hitting the showroom down south.
The US is key to the global economy Caploe ’9 David is the Chief Political Economist at Economy Watch and holds a PhD in International Political Economy from Princeton. April 7, 2009, The Straits Times, "Focus still on America to lead global recovery," http://acalaha.com/STarticle07Apr09.pdf IN THE aftermath of the G-20 summit, most observers seem to have AND - has cascaded into the worst global economic crisis since the Great Depression.
Global economic decline leads to miscalculation and crisis escalation—escalates Harris and Burrows, ’09 ~Mathew, PhD European History at Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer, member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit "Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis" http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf-http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf~~ Increased Potential for Global Conflict Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and AND within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.
Broad studies prove our argument Royal, ’10 ~2010, Jedediah Royal is the Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives", ed. By Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215~ Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict AND such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.
Our method is best – it is falsifiable Weede ’4 ~2004, Erich, professor of sociology at the University of Bonn, Germany, In Winter 1986-87, he was Visiting Professor of International Relations at the Bologna Center of The Johns Hopkins University, "BALANCE OF POWER, GLOBALIZATION, AND THE CAPITALIST PEACE," http://www.fnf.org.ph/downloadables/Balance20of20Power,20Globalization20and20Capitalist20Peace.pdf-http://www.fnf.org.ph/downloadables/Balance of Power, Globalization and Capitalist Peace.pdf~ If one does research or summarize the research of others – of course, most AND hodgepodge of ambiguous hunches, contradictory thinking, and unsystematically evaluated empirical evidence.
We can make good true predictions for the economy DOUGLAS W. HANDS 84 Department of Economics University of Puget Sound What Economics Is Not: An Economist’s Response to Rosenberg Source: Philosophy of Science, Vol. 51, No. 3 (Sep., 1984), pp. 495-503 http://www.jstor.org/stable/187496
Economic Predictions. Much of Rosenberg’s discussion is directed toward explaining the " AND its predictive failings are not as great as Rosenberg would have us believe.
Rational choice theory is accurate Camerer 6 - American behavioral economist and a Robert Kirby Professor of Behavioral Finance and Economics at the California Institute of Technology (Colin, "Neuroeconomics: Using neuroscience to make economic predictions", May 2 of 2006, http://www.hss.caltech.edu/~~camerer/Hahn06v3.pdf-http://www.hss.caltech.edu/~camerer/Hahn06v3.pdf)//AW In many simple choice domains, evolution has had a long time to sculpt pan AND , obeying the GARP axiom, when exchanging tokens for different food rewards.
No other agreement with Mexico compares to the TBA – the cooperation is unique and puts Mexico on the US’s level and puts them as our equal Vargas ’12 ~October 2012, Jorge A. Vargas is University of San Diego Law professor. "The 2012 U.S.-Mexico Agreement on Transboundary Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico: A Blueprint for Progress or a Recipe for Conflict?", San Diego International Law Journal; Fall2012, Vol. 14 Issue 1, Lexis~ III. The 2012 United States-Mexico Agreement on Transboundary Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in the AND States such as the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Canada.
1AC – Oil Spills
Contention 2 is oil spills
We control uniqueness – Pemex is about to drill alone – they don’t have the safety to prevent a spill Shields ’12 ~2/20/12, David Shields is an independent energy analyst based in Mexico City, quoted by the Inter-American Dialogue. "Q and A: Is Mexico Prepared for Deepwater Drilling in the Gulf?" Inter-American Dialogue, February 20-24, http://repository.unm.edu/bitstream/handle/1928/20477/Is20Mexico20Prepared20for20Deepwater20Drilling20in20the20Gulf.pdf?sequence=1~~ "They say that if a country does not defend its borders, then others AND has come and gone. The next disaster is just waiting to happen."
It spills over to the entire Gulf of Mexico Velarde ’12 ~3/19/12, Velarde is an Attorney and Counselor-at-Law, admitted in Mexico in 1988, and in the State of New York in 1991. Mr. López-Velarde held various positions at Pemex during 1988-1993, including that of Financial Advisor to the Finance Department, In-House Counsel in Houston, Texas, In-House Counsel in New York, and Head of the International Legal Department of Pemex. He was honored with the "Most Distinguished Attorney Award" of Pemex for the period 1990-1991. "US-Mexican treaty on Gulf of Mexico transboundary reservoirs", International Law Office, http://www.internationallawoffice.com/newsletters/detail.aspx?g=b9326bf8-f27f-43ff-b45a-1b2b70ccb217~~ Pemex has indicated that it has no information to confirm the existence of a transboundary AND ) would agree to harmonise applicable standards only in respect of transboundary reservoirs.
Your resiliency arguments don’t apply to the Gulf – BP put us on the brink Craig ’11 ~12/20/11, Robin Kundis Craig, Attorneys’ Title Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Environmental Programs, Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, Florida, "Legal Remedies for Deep Marine Oil Spills and Long-Term Ecological Resilience: A Match Made in Hell" http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1906839-http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1906839~~ Importantly, however, the second aspect of resilience theory acknowledges that ecosystems can exist AND tourism~ and the environment on which they depend for future generations."16
The Gulf is a key ocean biodiversity hotspot Brenner ’8 ~3/14/08, Jorge Brenner, "Guarding the Gulf of Mexico’s valuable resources" www.scidev.net/en/opinions/guarding-the-gulf-of-mexico-s-valuable-resources.html~ Rich in biodiversity and habitats¶ The Gulf of Mexico is rich in biodiversity and AND in the North Atlantic that helps to regulate the climate of western Europe.
Extinction Clark and Downes ’6 ~2006, Dana Clark, Center for International Environmental Law, and David Downes, US Interior Dept. Policy Analysis Senior Trade Advisor, , What price biodiversity?, http://www.ciel.org/Publications/summary.html~~ Biodiversity is the diversity of life on earth, on which we depend for our AND we lose the opportunity for mental or spiritual rejuvenation through contact with nature.
Outweighs any other impact Chen ’2K ~Jim Chen is a Professor of law U of Minnesota, Now Dean of Law School at Louisville "Globalization and Its Losers", 9 Minn. J. Global Trade 157’ ~ The spread of Homo sapiens around the earth have brought about mass extinctions and related AND by Homo sapiens - in ten million years, perhaps a hundred million.
Environment security is inevitable AND key to change – the alternative FAILS without political engagement. Schatz, ’12 ~July 14, 2012, JL Schatz is a Professor of English and Feminist Evolutionary Studies at Binghamton University, The Journal of Ecocriticism: Vol 4, No 2 "The Importance of Apocalypse: The Value of End-Of-The-World Politics While Advancing Ecocriticism"~ Any hesitancy to deploy images of apocalypse out of the risk of acting in a AND pressing need to inaugurate a new future for there to be any future.
4 Influencing other people through argument and end-of-the-world tactics is AND where multitudes, and not governments, guide the fate of the planet.
10/4/13
1AC Cuba ecology ag aff --- MBA
Tournament: MBA | Round: 2 | Opponent: GBN DK | Judge: Brandon Canniff Advantage 1 is the Environment
Current Industrial Agriculture Practices in America and around the world destroy non-humans AND than the current unsustainable practices in the status quo by cultivating ecological consciousness. Frye ‘6 Spring 2006, Joshua Frye is a Ph.D. student in the Department of Communication at Purdue University. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2005 annual convention of the National Communication Association in Boston. The author would like to thank Bryan Crable and others participating in the convention panel for their valuable feedback. The author would like to thank Don Burks for the exemplary tutelage he has provided into the life, mind, and spirit of Kenneth Burke. Thanks also to Robert Wess who provided good council and through his able stewardship helped this essay become what it is. Lastly, the author would like to thank Christiana Frye for her patience, support and inspiration during the writing process. “Burke, Socioecology, and the Example of Cuban Agriculture”, The Journal of Kenneth Burke: Volume 2, Issue 2, Spring 2006, http://www.kbjournal.org/frye II Socioecology, like symbolic action, functions at—and through—a nexus AND which can lead to ecological disharmony and imbalance through inter species gene transfers.
Our industrial agriculture practices are centered around “efficiency” and “output,” while we pollute fossil fuels, destroy biodiversity, send chemicals into the oceans, erode soil, and consume unsustainable amounts of water. Now is the time to demand a move to sustainable agriculture as a crucial shift away from degrading the environment. Horrigan ‘2 May 2002. Leo Horrigan is a Master of Health Sciences in Health Policy from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, writing in conjunction with Robert S. Lawrence, and Polly Walker, from the Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. “How Sustainable Agriculture Can Address the Environmental and Human Health Harms of Industrial Agriculture.” Jstor The Union of Concerned Scientists (1) said that industrial agriculture views the farm AND decreased emphasis on economic efficiencies that shunt environ- mental costs onto society.
Only normalizing relations can save agricultural sustainability. It leads to an influx in capital that props up Cuban farms, allowing them to expand operations. Shkolnick ’12 “SIN EMBARGO: n1 THE CUBAN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR THE UNITED STATES.” Jacob Shkolnick, J.D. Candidate, Drake University Law School, 2013. 2012 Drake Journal of Agricultural Law. LexisNexis VI. New Opportunities While investment in Cuban businesses and sales or purchases of Cuban AND future, until policies in both the United States and Cuba are changed.
Expansion of Cuban operations and success in the market lets the Cuban model spill over globally, transitioning to sustainable organoponics. Shkolnick ’12 “SIN EMBARGO: n1 THE CUBAN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR THE UNITED STATES.” Jacob Shkolnick, J.D. Candidate, Drake University Law School, 2013. 2012 Drake Journal of Agricultural Law. LexisNexis n167 For a relatively small sum, American investors will get not only the AND may be just what is needed to allow for urban agriculture to flourish.
Independently, adopting the Cuban model is key to global environmental sustainability Edward ’11 May 2011. Joshua Edward—Masters of City and Metropolitan Planning from the University of Utah. ““IL FAUT RÉCULER POUR MIEUX SAUTER.” (YOU HAVE TO STEP BACK TO JUMP FURTHER): AGRICULTURE, SUSTAINABILITY AND COMMUNITY RESILIENCY IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS.” http://content.lib.utah.edu/utils/getfile/collection/etd3/id/600/filename/284.pdf Cuba’s contributions to urban agricultural production warrant specific inclusion, and are well documented in AND nutritional needs of their urban residents without a return to urban agricultural production.
Sustainability matters -- anthropocentric views ignore the importance of environmental ethics and contribute to destruction of the environment Sivil, 2000 2000, Richard Sivil studied at the University of Durban Westville, and at the University of Natal, Durban. He has been lecturing philosophy since 1996. “WHY WE NEED A NEW ETHIC FOR THE ENVIRONMENT”, http://www.crvp.org/book/Series02/II-7/chapter_vii.htm Three most significant and pressing factors contributing to the environmental crisis are the ever increasing AND fail to provide a stable ground for the development of an environmental ethic.
Environmental ethics must come first. Shumar, ’99 1999, Wesley Shumar Review of: Beyond Anthropocentrism in Ethics, BEING AND WORTH, by Andrew Collier. Routledge, Critical Realism Intervention Series Being and Worth is a small book with a big argument, and in it AND relative to cultural assump- tions but have an objectivity that transcends culture. Plan The United States federal government should normalize sustainable agricultural relations with the Republic of Cuba.
Advantage 2 is Framing
Our discourse on environmentalism is important. The 1AC is more than just a technical policy proposal; it is a dialogue to change the way environmentalism operates to create a long-term strategy. Nordhaus and Shellenberger ‘4 October 2004. Ted Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger are leading global thinkers on energy, climate, security, human development, and politics. Their 2007 book Break Through was called "prescient" by Time and "the best thing to happen to environmentalism since Rachel Carson's Silent Spring" by Wired. “The death of environmentalism: Global warming politics in a post-environmental world.” http://grist.org/series/dont-fear-the-reapers-on-the-alleged-death-of-environmentalism/ Going Beyond Special Interests and Single Issues To be empty of a fixed identity allows AND that look more and more like those of America’s progressive and environmental base.
Unfortunately, debate is a rigged game – Low-probability, high impact scenarios are preferred in the status quo because of inherent psychological judging biases DESPITE statistics—reject their fixation on worst case scenarios Berube, ‘00 2000, David M. Berube is an Associate Professor of Speech Communication and Director of Debate at the University of South Carolina, PhD. New York University, CONTEMPORARY ARGUMENTATION AND DEBATE 21(2000) 55-73, “DEBUNKING MINI-MAX REASONING: THE LIMITS OF EXTENDED CAUSAL CHAINS IN CONTEST DEBATING” We don’t endorse this article’s employment of ableist language To employ a mathematical analogy, we can say that although the risk of extinction AND this adage: We must avoid thinking that allows smoke to trump fire.
We are reaching a brink; human destruction of the environment will lead to “environmental crisis” unless we reevaluate our values. Sivil, 2000 2000, Richard Sivil studied at the University of Durban Westville, and at the University of Natal, Durban. He has been lecturing philosophy since 1996. “WHY WE NEED A NEW ETHIC FOR THE ENVIRONMENT”, http://www.crvp.org/book/Series02/II-7/chapter_vii.htm We are enveloped and immersed in a world comprised of air, earth, waters AND an anthropocentric value system is inadequate for the development of an environmental ethic.
Reject Human Centered justifications and framing. Katz and Oechsli, ’93 1993, Eric Katz and Lauren Oechsli areMembers of the Science, Technology, and Society Program New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark. Katz is currently Vice President of the International Society for Environmental Ethic.“Moving beyond Anthropocentrism: Environmental Ethics, Development, and the Amazon”, http://www.umweltethik.at/download.php?id=392. Can an environmentalist defend a policy of preservation in the Amazon rain forest without violating AND avoiding problems in environmental policy that a human-based ethic cannot.13
1/6/14
1AC Drug Reparations
Tournament: Capitol Classic | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bronx Science RN | Judge: 1AC WE START OUR DEBATE WITH THE FOLLOWING LETTER FROM HUNDREDS OF GRASS-ROOTS ORGANIZATIONS TO THE HEADS OF STATE IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE UNITED STATES JUST ASSOCIATES an International feminist organization 2k13 Letter to heads of states dated April 30 and reprinted by JUSTASSOCIATES.ORG; http://www.justassociates.org/sites/justassociates.org/files/eng_letter_to_heads_of_states_-_sica_april_30_2013.pdf Dear Honorable: President Barack Obama President Enrique Peña Nieto President Laura Chinchilla President Otto Pérez Molina President Porfirio Lobo President Mauricio Funes President Daniel Ortega President Ricardo Martinelli Attorney General and Minister of Foreign Affairs Wilfred Elrington April 30, 2013 We, the undersigned civil society organizations from throughout the region, are writing to you on the eve of your meetings in Mexico and at the Summit of the Central American Integration System (SICA) in Costa Rica. We welcome the opportunity for our nations to discuss cooperation on critical cross-border issues and urge our States to address our concerns about the dire human rights crisis in Mesoamerica. Our organizations have documented an alarming increase in violence and human rights violations. While we recognize that transnational crime and drug trafficking play a role in this violence, we call on our governments to acknowledge that failed security policies that have militarized citizen security have only exacerbated the problem, and are directly contributing to increased human suffering in the region. It is time to refocus regional dialogue and resource investment to address the root causes of violence, understanding that for many citizens and communities, drug trafficking is not the principal cause of insecurity. Harmful “development” policies have similarly caused increased conflict and abuses, while forced migration and criminalization of migrants and human rights activists continues to divide families. Most importantly, the region’s challenges must be addressed without violating fundamental rights and human dignity. We offer further analysis and recommendations of the key issues that require urgent attention: 1. Militarization of the drug war has caused increased violence and has failed to provide citizen security. Human rights abuses against our families and communities are, in many cases, directly attributable to failed and counterproductive security policies that have militarized our societies in the name of the “war on drugs.” The deployment of our countries’ armed forces to combat organized crime and drug-trafficking, and the increasing militarization of police units, endanger already weak civilian institutions and leads to increased human rights violations. • In Mexico, drug-related violence and the militarized response has killed AND narcotics continue to flow into the U.S. market virtually unabated. • In Guatemala, rates of violence are dangerously reaching levels only seen during the AND six indigenous protesters in October 2012 is tragic evidence of these misguided policies. • Perhaps the starkest example of a breakdown of democratic institutions today is Honduras. AND allegedly involved in abuses and killings but are almost never brought to justice. • Even the host country, Costa Rica, which has no army and a constitutional mandate for peace, finds itself drawn into a mounting military effort to confront drug trafficking that compromises its independence and tranquility. • The U.S. government’s domestic and regional policies that promote militarization to AND massive and nearly unrestricted transfer of arms to criminal networks throughout the region. 2. The imposition of large-scale extractive projects on marginalized communities does not AND destruction and impoverishment. Governments and businesses routinely violate communities’ right to consultation. Communities across the region that oppose large-scale transnational projects have suffered repression at the hands of government security forces, and we have documented systemic patterns of threats, criminalization, and attacks against land rights activists. We hope to see these concerns reflected in the final statement of the SICA conference and in ongoing bilateral conversations about security, investment, development, and immigration reform.
Organizations Signed: International and US-Based Alianza de Organizaciones Guatemaltecas de Houston (ADOGUAH) Alliance for Global Justice America’s Program of the Center for International Policy American Friends Service Committee Association for Women’s Rights in Development (AWID) Bay Area Latin America Solidarity Coalition (BALASC) CASA de Maryland Chiapas Support Committee Chicago Religious Leadership Network on Latin America (CRLN) Comite Chirij' Juyub' Committee in Solidarity with the People of El Salvador (CISPES) Dominican Sisters - Grand Rapids Fellowship of Reconciliation Friendship Office of the Americas Global Fund for Women Guatemala Human Rights Commission/USA (GHRC) Impunity Watch JASS (Just Associates) Lakes Area Group Organizing Solidarity with the People of Guatemala (LAGOS) Latin America Solidarity Committee-Milwaukee Latin America Working Group (LAWG) Marin Task Force on the Americas (MITF) National Alliance of Latin American and Caribbean Communities (NALACC) Network in Solidarity with the People of Guatemala (NISGUA) Nicaragua Center for Community Action (NICCA) Other Worlds Quixote Center Red Por la Paz y Desarrollo de Guatemala (RPDG) Rights Action School of the Americas Watch Sisters of Mercy of the Americas – Institute Justice Team Sociedad Independiente Ix St. Louis Inter-Faith Committee on Latin America Witness for Peace Regional Alianza de Mujeres Indígenas de Centroamérica y México Alianza Feminista Centroamericana contra la cultura patriarcal Articulación Feminista Mercosur A.F.M Asociación HablaGuate Campaña contra las Bases Militares Extranjeras en América Latina Comité de América Latina y el Caribe para la Defensa de los Derechos de las Mujeres (CLADEM) Confluencia Feminista Mesoamericana Las Petateras Fondo Centroamericano de Mujeres Mesoamerican Women Human Rights Defenders Initiative (IM-Defensoras) Prophetic Voice Commission - Sisters of Mercy of Latin America and the Caribbean Red Latinoamericana contra represas y por los ríos (REDLAR) Urgent Action Fund of Latin America Colombia Liga de Mujeres Desplazadas (Colombia) Observatorio Género Democracia y Derechos Humanos (Colombia) Costa Rica Agenda Política Alianza de Mujeres Costarricense Asociación Red de Mujeres Nicaragüenses en Costa Rica Centro de Amigos para la Paz Centro Feminista de Información Acción (CEFEMINA) Colectiva Irreversibles Colectivo Las Hijas de la Negrita Comuna de la Luna Llena Feministas en Resistencia Juventud del Partido Acción Ciudadana La Liga Internacional de Mujeres pro Paz y Libertada Mujeres Mesoamericanas en Resistencia por una Vida Digna, Costa Rica El Salvador Asociación Agropecuaria de Mujeres Rurales Produciendo en la Tierra (AMSATI de RL) Asociación Cooperativa del Grupo Independiente Pro-Rehabilitación Integral (ACOGIPRI) La Colectiva Feminista para el Desarrollo Local Mesoamericanas en Resistencia Por Una Vida Digna, El Salvador Guatemala Alianza Política Sector de Mujeres y Colectivo Artesana Asociación de Trabajadoras del Hogar a Domicilio y de Maquila (ATRAHDOM) Asociación para el Desarrollo Integral de las Victimas de la Violencia en las Verapaces, Maya Achì (ADIVIMA) Asociación para el Desarrollo Integral de San Miguel Ixtahaucan (ADISMI) Asociación para el Estudio y Promoción de la Seguridad en Democracia (SEDEM) Asociación Sororidad Activa Centro de Análisis Forense y Ciencias Aplicadas (CAFCA) Comité Campesino del Altiplano (CCDA) Equipo de Estudios Comunitarios y Acción Psicosocial (ECAP) Fundación Guillermo Toriello Instituto de Estudios Comparados en Ciencias Penales (ICCPG) Mundo sin guerras y sin violencia y más vida Tierra Viva Guatemala Unidad de Protección a Defensoras y Defensores de Derechos Humanos - Guatemala (UDEFEGUA) Unión Nacional de Mujeres Guatemaltecas (UNAMG) Honduras Cattrachas Organización Lésbica Feminista de Honduras Centro de Derechos de Mujeres (CDM) Centro de Estudios de la Mujer-Honduras (CEM-H) Comité de Familiares de Detenidos Desaparecidos en Honduras (COFADEH) Consejo Cívico de Organizaciones Populares e Indígenas de Honduras (COPINH) Coordinadora de Organizaciones Populares del Aguan (COPA) Insurrectas autónomas Mesoamericanas en Resistencia Por Una Vida Digna, Honduras Misericordia Tejedora de Sueños Mosquitia Asla Takanka -Unidades de la Mosquitia National Women Human Rights Defenders Network in Honduras Organización Fraternal Negra de Honduras (OFRANEH) Organización Movimiento de Mujeres por la Paz Visitación Padilla Mexico Alternativas Pacíficas (ALPAZ) Aluna (Acompañamiento Psicosocial) Atzin Desarrollo comunitario A.C. Campaña ¡¡¡Si no están ellas... No estamos todas!!! Triqui Centro De Apoyo Al Trabajador, A.C. Grupo De Mujeres De San Cristóbal Las Casas, A. C Centro de Derechos Humanos de la Montaña Tlachinollan Centro de Derechos Humanos de las Mujeres de Chihuahua Centro de Derechos Humanos Miguel Agustín Pro Juárez Centro de Derechos Humanos Paso del Norte, A.C Centro de Derechos Indígenas Flor y Canto A.C Centro Diocesano para los Derechos Humanos Fray Juan de Larios, A.C. Centro para los Derechos de la Mujer Nääxwiin, A.C. Centro Regional de Derechos Humanos "Bartolomé Carrasco Briseño" A. C. CIMAC, Comunicación e Información de la Mujer, .A.C. Ciudadanos en Apoyo a los Derechos Humanos, A.C. Coalición Regional contra el Tráfico de Mujeres y Niñas en América Latina y el Caribe (Catwlac) Colectivo Feminista de Xalapa, AC Colectivo Oaxaqueño En Defensa De Los Territorios Colectivo Obreras Insumisasto Tlaktole Calaki Mo Yolo A.C. Colectivo Raíz De Aguascalientes Comisión de Solidaridad y Defensa de los Derechos Humanos, A. C. Comité Cerezo Comité de Defensa Integral de Derechos Humanos Gobixha A.C. Comité de Familiares de Detenidos Desaparecidos !Hasta Encontrarlos¡ Consorcio para el Diálogo Parlamentario y la Equidad Consorcio para el Diálogo Parlamentario y La Equidad Oaxaca A.C. Defensoras Populares, A.C. Fuerzas Unidas por Nuestros Desaparecidos en México Grupo De Mujeres De San Cristóbal Las Casas, A. C Hijos por la Identidad y la Justicia contra el Olvido y el Silencio (H.I.J.O.S.) Instituto Guerrerense de Derechos Humanos A.C Instituto Mexicano para el Desarrollo Comunitario (IMDEC, A.C) Kinal Antzentik Guerrero A.C. Miguel Agustín Pro Juárez Human Rights Center (Center Prodh) Movimiento Migrante Mesoamericano Mujeres Barzonistas Mujeres Indígenas por Ciarena Mujeres por México en Chihuahua, A.C. Mujeres Unidas: Olympia De Gouges, A.C. Mujeres Mesoamericanas en Resistencia por una Vida Digna, México Mujeres, Lucha y Derechos para Todas A.C National Women Human Rights Defenders Network in Mexico Organización del Pueblo indígena Me´phaa (OPIM) ProDESC Red Mesa de Mujeres de Ciudad Juárez Red Todos los Derechos para Todos y Todas Salud Integral para la Mujer, A.C. Servicios Humanitarios en Salud sexual y Reproductiva, AC Servicios Para una Educación Alternativa A.C (EDUCA) Servicios Socioeducativos y Psicológicos de Oaxaca Servicios y Asesoría para la Paz, A.C. (SERAPAZ) Si Hay Mujeres en Durango, A.C. Tamaulipas Diversidad Vihda Trans A.C Unión De Comunidades Indígenas De La Zona Norte Del Istmo-Oaxaca Yotlakat Non Siwatl A. C. Nicaragua Asociación de Mujeres "Las Golondrinas" Coordinadora de los Pueblos Indígenas Chorotega (CPICh) Grupo Nicaraguenses de Mujeres lesbiana (SAFO) Grupo Venancia Instituto de Liderazgo de las Segovias Movimiento Autónomo de Mujeres Red de la No Violencia contra las Mujeres Red de Mujeres de Matagalpa Panama Coordinadora de organizaciones para el Desarrollo Integral de la Mujer (CODIM) FUNDAGÉNERO Mujeres Mesoamericanas en Resistencia por una Vida Digna, Panamá Others Acción Ecológica (Ecuador) COOPERACCIÓ (Spain) Cotidiano Mujer (Uruguay) VSF Justicia Alimentaria Global (Spain)
THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION HAS BEEFED UP MILITARY PRESENCE IN MEXICO MAIN writer for the Americas’ blog @ CEPR 2k13 Alex Main, Writer for the americas blog at CEPR - Obama and the Militarization of the “Drug War” in Mexico and Central America - 09 May 2013 12:56- Online- http://www.eurasiareview.com/24062013-ecuador-or-another-country-should-grant-asylum-to-snowden-cepr-co-director-saysE2808F/ During his trip last week to Mexico and Costa Rica, President Obama sought to AND continue to wait for some form of justice and compensation for the killings.
At the 2011 International Drug Policy Reform Conference in Los Angeles last weekend, one AND crimes against humanity because they are done by our governments," he said.
A GENOCIDE KNOWN ALL TOO WELL BY BLACKS ON THE DOMESTIC FRONT Dix-2011 Carl Dix- 2011- Activist and Author- Mass Incarceration + Silence = Genocide- Online BlackAdgendaReport.com
This article is a response to Bruce Dixon’s March 27 piece, “Black mass AND and more, telling us the problem was something other than US imperialism!)
HENCE WE CALL FOR THE IMPOSSIBLE ECONOMIC ENGAGEMENT WITH MEXICO, THE BILL THE U.S. CAN NEVER PAY. A SUBSTANTIAL INCREASE THAT ERASES THE POSITION OF THE U.S. AS THE ARBITRATOR OF POWER. WE CALL FOR REPARATIONS BASED ON THE GENOCIDE ENVOKED ON PEOPLE OF COLOR DUE TO THE WAR ON DRUGS AND THE PROHIBITION OF MARIJUANA.
REPARATIONS OR BUST: NO OTHER REFORM IS VIABLE AS AN OPTION Lee – 2012 Martin A Lee - the author of Smoke Signals: A Social History of Marijuana – Medical, Recreational and Scientific (Scribner, 2012). He is the director of Project CBD, cofounder of the media watch group FAIR, and the author of Acid Dreams and The Beast Reawakens. For more information and regular updates, follow Smoke Signals—the book on Facebook.Image by Rolling Okie, courtesy of Creative Commons license. Marijuana legalization is a beginning, not an end. Online- http://www.realitysandwich.com/marijuana_legalization_not_enough When residents of Colorado and Washington voted to legalize the adult use of cannabis, AND that doesn't address pathological income inequality will not be able to heal itself.
OBSERVATION TWO: THE RACIAL EVALUATIVE FRAMEWORK
REPARATIONS FOR THE WAR ON DRUGS IS RHETORICALLY JUSTIFIED WATKINS Scholar in Residence in Entrepreneurship and Innovation @ Syracuse University 2k12 Dr. Boyce D. (male)-American author, economist, political analyst, and social commentator. Formerly a member of the finance faculty @ Syracuse and also a Distinguished Scholar with the Barbara Jordan Institute for Policy Research, previously a visiting Fellow at the Shanghai University of Finance and Economics and the Centre for European Economic Research (Mannheim, Germany). He is also a faculty affiliate with the College Sports Research Institute @ the University of North Carolina @ Chapel Hill; “Why Blacks Deserve Reparations for War on Drugs; NEWSONE.COM, May 2, 2012; http://newsone.com/2005463/author-of-the-new-jim-crow-agrees-with-reparations-for-the-war-on-drugs/\ The other day, I mentioned that it makes sense for Black America to call AND drugs to come into our neighborhoods to fund covert and illegal wars overseas. SEE ALSO: Saluting Civil Rights Icon Julian Bond As a result, families were torn apart by addiction, homicide rates flew through the roof, and Black America has been at the receiving end of a mass incarceration epidemic of holocaust proportions. Given that it has been proven that government officials played a direct role in the creation of this madness, I say that there is a logical argument for reparations. I spoke with Ohio State University Law Professor Michelle Alexander (pictured), author of the book, “The New Jim Crow,” and she agrees with this assessment. Alexander’s book is a telling and riveting reminder of the horrific impact that mass incarceration has had on Black America. “I think it’s a powerful point you’re making,” she said. “Also AND , as well as payments to individuals and families that have been destroyed.” Are reparations practical? I am not sure, given that we live in a nation that has refused to even apologize for slavery. But the fact that an entity refuses to take responsibility for its actions does not AND built on accepting responsibility for wrongs that have been committed in the past. The war on drugs is not like slavery, which affected our great, great AND very simple to prove that the damage has been nothing short of crippling. It’s time to address this matter in a series of public forums, legislation, AND the mess in our community. It’s time to start making things right.
THE 1AC’S DISCOURSE WITHIN THE DEBATE SPACE IS ON POINT! Alexander-2010- Michelle- former lawyer turn anti-incarceration activist- The New Jim Crow- 221-225 The list could go on, of course, but the point has been made AND employed in the War on Drugs, this result is no freak accident.
10/27/13
1AC Drug Reparations - Blake - New Advocacy
Tournament: Blake | Round: 5 | Opponent: St Paul Central BF | Judge: Devane Murphy HENCE WE RHETORICALLY SIGN THE LETTER AND CALL FOR THE IMPOSSIBLE ECONOMIC ENGAGEMENT WITH MEXICO, THE BILL THE U.S. CAN NEVER PAY. A SUBSTANTIAL INCREASE THAT ERASES THE POSITION OF THE U.S. AS THE ARBITRATOR OF POWER. WE CALL FOR REPARATIONS TO ADVOCATE AGAINST THE NEW RACIAL CASTE SYSTEM OF MASS INCARCENATION THAT IS JUSTIFIED THROUGH THE PUBLIC CONSENSUS FOR THE WAR ON DRUGS.
Unipolarity has been the most violent time in US history Montiero ‘12 Winter 2012, Nuno Montiero is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yale University “Unrest Assured: Why Unipolarity is Not Peaceful” International Security, http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ISEC_a_00064, RS In contrast, the question of unipolar peacefulness has received virtually no attention. Although AND e., the debate on durability) has all but monopolized our attention.
Multiple structural factors make unilateral action unsustainable Haass ‘8 May/June 2008, Richard – President of the Council on Foreign Relations (Bottom of Form The Age of Nonpolarity What Will Follow U.S. Dominance, Foreign Affairs, RS But even if great-power rivals have not emerged, unipolarity has ended. AND or block Tehran's access to nuclear technology and materials. Nonpolarity begets nonpolarity.
Absolute power is inevitable—the relative rise of the rest means our hegemony is ineffective—increased cooperation and soft power is the only way to revitalize US influence Nye ‘10 November/December 2010, Joseph S. Nye, Jr., University Distinguished Service Professor at Harvard University, “The Future of American Power,” Foreign Affairs, Volume 89, Issue 6, RS Among the range of possible futures, the more likely are those in which China AND networks that are responsive to the new context of a global information age.
That makes multilateral cooperation key—The new distribution of power causes global instability and a power vacuum—International cooperation is key to fill in and create stability—solves every impact Haass ‘8 4/16/08, Richard Haass, president of the Council on Foreign Relations, “The Age of Nonpolarity”, http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2008/04/the_age_of_nonpolarity.html, RS The increasingly nonpolar world will have mostly negative consequences for the United States -- and AND and increase the odds that the international system will not deteriorate or disintegrate.
Power is not the same as leadership—only multilateral support can create an effective US-led international order—we’ll beat your turns with this card alone Fakiolas and Fakiolas ‘7 Efstathios T. Fakiolas holds a PhD from the Department of War Studies, King's College London, and is currently working as a strategy and southeastern European affairs analyst at ATEbank AND Tassos E. Fakiolas holds a PhD from IMEMO, Moscow, Russian Academy of Sciences and is a special adviser on Russian and east European affairs for a Greek business firm., “Pax Americana or Multilateralism?”, Mediterranean Quarterly 18.4 (2007) 53-86, RS Since the aftermath of the 11 September 2001 terrorist bombings, the president of the AND able to make its conception of order and stability acceptable to the others.
Ending the Cuba embargo signals a commitment to multitateralism Colvin ‘8 Jake, fellow with the New Ideas Fund, a group that seeks new approaches and paradigms for U.S. national security and foreign policy. He is also Vice President for Global Trade Issues at the National Foreign Trade Council (NFTC) and oversees the Cuba initiative of USA*Engage, “The Case for a New Cuba Policy”, 12/23/2008, http://web.archive.org/web/20120904201743/http://www.newideasfund.org/proposals/Colvin20-20Cuba20-20Master.pdf, RS A signal to the world Beyond the domestic political benefit of acknowledging a changing Cuban AND have an enormous impact. I think you can do that with Cuba.?
Normalizing economic relations with Cuba is key to multilateralism – key to conflict resolution and reversing American decline Dickerson ‘10 Sergio M – Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted in fulfillment of a Master of Strategic Studies Degree at the US Army War College, “UNITED STATES SECURITY STRATEGY TOWARDS CUBA,” 1/14/10, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a518053.pdf, RS At the international political level, President Obama sees resuming relations with Cuba as a AND decline in the greater global order bringing true peace for years to come.
Independently, multilateralism solves every impact Zakaria, ’08 Fareed Zakaria, 10/29/08, “Wanted: A New Grand Strategy”, http://www.newsweek.com/2008/11/28/wanted-a-new-grand-strategy.html, DS The "Global Trends" report identifies several worrying aspects of the new international order AND world's major players, old and new, in order to be effective.
Effective US influence is key to deescalate all scenarios for conflict—using coalitions is key Joffe ‘9 Josef, Senior Fellow at Stanford's Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, "The Default Power Subtitle: The False Prophecy of America's Decline", Foreign Affairs, Oct 2009, DS And yet, for all the anti-Americanism that has coursed through western Europe AND would prefer any of them to take over as housekeeper of the world. Plan
The United States federal government should substantially normalize its trade relations with the Republic of Cuba
Advantage 2 Cuba’s agriculture is at a turning point—it’s slipping away from sustainability now King ’12 March 2012. “Cuban Sustainability: The Effects of Economic Isolation on Agriculture and Energy.” M. Dawn King – Professor of Political Science and Environmental Studies at. Lehigh University. http://wpsa.research.pdx.edu/meet/2012/kingmdawn.pdf Despite the potential to become more sustainable with a purposive and focused opening of the AND goal of sustainable development to increase short-term capital and energy needs.
Cuba is reverting back to industrial farming—now is key to stave off agriculture collapse and transition to a sustainable model Patel ’12 April 2012. Raj Patel is a Fellow at the Institute for Food and Development Policy. “What Cuba Can Teach Us About Food and Climate Change?” www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/future_tense/2012/04/agro_ecology_lessons_from_cuba_on_agriculture_food_and_climate_change_.single.html The Studebakers plying up and down Havana’s boardwalk aren’t the best advertisement for dynamism and AND to the future, even if their automobiles are stuck in the past.
Lifting the embargo creates an influx US capital that props up Cuban farms Shkolnick ’12 “SIN EMBARGO: n1 THE CUBAN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR THE UNITED STATES.” Jacob Shkolnick, J.D. Candidate, Drake University Law School, 2013. 2012 Drake Journal of Agricultural Law. LexisNexis VI. New Opportunities While investment in Cuban businesses and sales or purchases of Cuban AND future, until policies in both the United States and Cuba are changed.
Access to the US market is critical to Cuban sustainable agriculture Kost ‘ 4William Kost is an Agricultural Economist with ERS, US Department of Agriculture. “UBAN AGRICULTURE: TO BE OR NOT TO BE ORGANIC?” http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume14/pdfs/kost.pdf EXTERNAL MARKETS MAY BE CRITICAL FOR AN ORGANIC CUBA In addition to the above European AND and other inputs to support growth in other sectors of the Cuban economy.
Cuban agriculture spills over globally and promotes sustainable oranoponics Shkolnick ’12 “SIN EMBARGO: n1 THE CUBAN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR THE UNITED STATES.” Jacob Shkolnick, J.D. Candidate, Drake University Law School, 2013. 2012 Drake Journal of Agricultural Law. LexisNexis n167 For a relatively small sum, American investors will get not only the AND may be just what is needed to allow for urban agriculture to flourish.
Adopting the Cuban model is key to global environmental sustainability Edward ’11 May 2011. Joshua Edward—Masters of City and Metropolitan Planning from the University of Utah. ““IL FAUT RÉCULER POUR MIEUX SAUTER.” (YOU HAVE TO STEP BACK TO JUMP FURTHER): AGRICULTURE, SUSTAINABILITY AND COMMUNITY RESILIENCY IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS.” http://content.lib.utah.edu/utils/getfile/collection/etd3/id/600/filename/284.pdf Cuba’s contributions to urban agricultural production warrant specific inclusion, and are well documented in AND nutritional needs of their urban residents without a return to urban agricultural production.
Environmental collapse causes extinction Erlich and Erlich ’13 January 9, 2013. Anne Erlich is a Professor of Biology at Stanford; Paul Erlich is a Senior Research Scientist there. Can a collapse of global civilization be avoided? Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences, Proc. R. Soc. B 2013 280 But today, for the first time, humanity’s global civilization—the worldwide, AND or that gross domestic product can be disengaged from resource use 26
Sustainable agriculture is key to shift from fertilizers that exacerbate ocean acidification and climate change Vuattoux ’12 “INTENSIVE VERTICAL URBAN AGRICULTURE: RETHINKING OUR CITIES’ FOOD SUPPLY. MOVING TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT.” ROMAIN VUATTOUX—Masters Thesis for Malmo University. Spring 2012. http://muep.mah.se/bitstream/handle/2043/15202/VUATTOUX20R.pdf?sequence=2 Closed-loops and import substitution strategies may go a long way in helping achieve AND need agriculture more than ever to produce increasing yields (Foley, 2012).
Ocean Acidification causes Extinction Craig ‘3 (Robin Kundis Craig, Associate Professor of Law, Indiana University School of Law, 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155) Biodiversity and ecosystem function arguments for conserving marine ecosystems also exist, just as they AND - even if a few fishers go out of business as a result.
And, warming leads to extinction Deibel, 2007 (Terry, Professor of National Strategy at the National War College, “Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft”, pgs. 387-389) Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as AND States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet.
Industrial agriculture causes global water shortages Picone ‘2 2002. Picone is a Research Scientist at the Land Institute. “Agriculture and Biodiversity Loss: Industrial Agriculture.” www.landinstitute.org/pages/Picone20and20Van20Tassel202002.pdf Industrial agriculture consumes increasing amounts of freshwater (Figure 3). Humans now consume about AND salmon as well as steelhead and cutthroat trout in the northwestern United States.
Those escalate Weiner ’90 – Pulitzer Prize winning author (Jonathan, “The Next One Hundred Years”, p. 270) If we do not destroy ourselves with the A-bomb and the H- AND of the 60,000 nuclear warheads the world has stockpiled since Trinity.
Independently, extinction is inevitable in the current agricultural system Vuattoux ’12 “INTENSIVE VERTICAL URBAN AGRICULTURE: RETHINKING OUR CITIES’ FOOD SUPPLY. MOVING TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT.” ROMAIN VUATTOUX—Masters Thesis for Malmo University. Spring 2012. http://muep.mah.se/bitstream/handle/2043/15202/VUATTOUX20R.pdf?sequence=2 Our modern “traditional” agricultural system is not sustainable. This system is highly AND is reaching its limits and that there is a need for new solutions.
Solvency
Normal Trade Relations is vital – no trade occurs without it French 09 – editor of and a frequent contributor to The Havana Note, has led more than two dozen research trips to Cuba (Anya, “Options for Engagement A Resource Guide for Reforming U.S. Policy toward Cuba” http://www.lexingtoninstitute.org/library/resources/documents/Cuba/USPolicy/options-for-engagement.pdf) the path to “normal” trade relations If the United States were to lift AND Ac cyears, as both countries would need to adopt statutory and regulatory changes.
11/2/13
1AC IPR - Lexington
Tournament: Lexington | Round: 1 | Opponent: Stuyvestant CX | Judge: Daniel Kim 1AC—Plan Text Plan: The Department of Commerce, through the United States Trade and Patent Office, should provide technical assistance to the United Mexican States for the implementation of domestic intellectual property protections modeled after the United States federal government’s implementation of intellectual property law, including but not limited to, the Patent and Trademark Law Amendments Act of 1980 1AC—IP Leadership Contention One is IP Leadership
Current USTR IP promotion relies on coercive “301 reports”—this prompts international backlash and delegitimizes US efforts Sutton, ’12 May 2nd, 2012, Maria Sutton writes for the Electronic Frontier Federation, “Special 301 Report 2012: The USTR’s Bogus List of Countries That "Don't Enforce" Copyrights,” https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2012/05/special-301-report-2012-ustrs-absurd-list-international-disappointments The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) released its annual Special AND with Public Knowledge to the USTR this year. It said pdf:
IP enforcement with China is key to maintain and prevent the collapse of relations and war over Taiwan—our internal link is reverse causal Thomson, ‘6 September 15th, 2006, Tom Thompson is the Executive Director at the Coalition for Intellectual Property Rights, “U.S. Policy Roadmap: Moving China from a Haven for Pirates to a Country of IPR Stakeholders,” http://www.tthomsonassociates.com/2006/09/u-s-policy-roadmap-moving-china-from-a-haven-for-pirates-to-a-country-of-ipr-stakeholders/ What are the Consequences to U.S. Policy of not Realizing Improved IPR AND relationship is truly generational and demands a long-term strategic economic engagement.”
Bayh Dole is the crucial model—fundamentally changes the perception of our IP programs and restores IP credibility—specifically with China Espinel, ‘7 October 18th, 2007, Victoria A. Espinel is an Assistant US Representitive for Intellectual Property and Innovation at the Office of the US Trade Representative, “INTERNATIONAL PIRACY: THE CHALLENGES OF PROTECTING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN THE 21ST CENTURY”, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-110hhrg38337/html/CHRG-110hhrg38337.htm So I would direct this to Ms. Espinel and to Mr. Smith. AND having a greater stake in the international system for protecting intellectual property.
Only the plan solves—cooperative efforts and an extensive use of “carrots” result in effective adoption by the Chinese Government Thomson, ‘6 September 15th, 2006, Tom Thompson is the Executive Director at the Coalition for Intellectual Property Rights, “U.S. Policy Roadmap: Moving China from a Haven for Pirates to a Country of IPR Stakeholders,” http://www.tthomsonassociates.com/2006/09/u-s-policy-roadmap-moving-china-from-a-haven-for-pirates-to-a-country-of-ipr-stakeholders/ Unlike Russia, the PRC’s actions have appeared to be more forthright than the Russians AND enforcement practices to protect patents, trademarks and copyrights must be in place.
US Mexican IP cooperation gets modeled Zagaris, ‘94 1994, Bruce Zagaris, George Washington University, B.A., J.D., LL.M.; adjunct professor, Washington College of Law, American University, and Fordham University School of Law; chair, Committee on International Criminal Law, Section of Criminal Law, American Bar Association, “Enforcement of Intellectual Property Protection Between Mexico and the United States: A Precursor of Criminal Enforcement for Western Hemispheric Integration?,” Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal, http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1098andcontext=iplj The increase in trade liberalization and the negotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement AND model for future Western hemispheric, as well as global, economic integration.
Relations solve US-China conflict and arms race Roy 12 November 2012, J. Stapleton Roy is a senior US diplomat specializing in Asian affairs, “DEALING WITH A RISING CHINA,” The Wilson Center, November 2012, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/policy_brief_dealing_with_a_rising_china.pdf The Policy Context: Sustainable U.S. Engagement with East Asia The United AND . This challenge will be the critical test of leaders in both countries.
Taiwain war goes nuclear Hunkovic, ‘9 2009, Lee Hunkovic is a Professor of Military Studies at the American Military University, “The Chinese-Taiwanese Conflict – Possible Futures of a Confrontation between China, Taiwan, and the United States of America” www.lampmethod.com A war between China, Taiwan and the United States has the potential to escalate AND outcome, therefore, other countries will not be considered in this study.
1AC—Biotech Contention Two is Biotech
The plan is key to US and Mexican biotech development—revolutionizes the manufacturing industry Surpin, ‘7 October 2007, Beni Surpin is the CEO of Biocom with a Master of Public Health from the University of Pittsburgh, “Moving Technology Across the Border: The Future of Biotech for the U.S. and Mexico,”, http://www.latinolawblog.com/2007/10/articles/crossborder-insolvency/moving-technology-across-the-border-the-future-of-biotech-for-the-us-and-mexico/ With so many research institutions, universities, and biotechnology companies located in the U AND the two countries, as well as the region as a whole.
IP modeling is the vital internal link to cooperation and innovation in the life sciences Surpin, ‘7 October 2007, Beni Surpin is the CEO of Biocom with a Master of Public Health from the University of Pittsburgh, “Moving Technology Across the Border: The Future of Biotech for the U.S. and Mexico,”, http://www.latinolawblog.com/2007/10/articles/crossborder-insolvency/moving-technology-across-the-border-the-future-of-biotech-for-the-us-and-mexico/ Historically, the collaborative efforts between the U.S. and Mexico in the AND regional biotech partners and collectively push the biotechnology industry to new levels.
Crossborder cooperation catalyzes biotech innovation—that spillsover internationally and establishes an international model for life sciences SDD, ‘7 June 2007, The San Diego Dialogue is a division of the a division of University of California San Diego Extension which contributes to the advancement of research, “Borderless Biotech and Mexico’s Emerging Life Sciences Industry,” http://www.sandiegodialogue.org/pdfs/Borderless_Biotech.pdf This document is yet another part of a continuing effort to describe Mexico’s evolution in AND job growth, new discoveries, and a world of borderless biotech.
Mexico is key—has expertise and a strong base that is necessary to spur innovation SDD, ‘7 June 2007, The San Diego Dialogue is a division of the a division of University of California San Diego Extension which contributes to the advancement of research, “Borderless Biotech and Mexico’s Emerging Life Sciences Industry,” http://www.sandiegodialogue.org/pdfs/Borderless_Biotech.pdf In most discussions about the global life sciences industry, Mexico is not usually considered AND and microbial genomes of potential use for agricultural, medical and industrial applications.
Expansion of the life sciences solve multiple scenarios for extinction NAS, ‘8 December 3rd, 2008, National Academy of Sciences, “The Role of the Life Sciences in Transforming America's Future Summary of a Workshop”, Board on Life Sciences Division on Earth and Life Studies A Critical Time for the Life Sciences Speaker after speaker at the Summit agreed: AND biological processes at work in the oceans can humans live sustainably on earth.
Biotech solves extinction Trewavas, ‘2k June 5th, 2000, Anthony Trewavas is from the Institute of cell and molecular biology at the University of Edinburgh, “GM Is the Best Option We Have,” www.agbioworld.org/biotech-info/articles/biotech-art/best_option.html In 535A.D. a volcano near the present Krakatoa exploded with the force AND principle in recent years; my version of it is "be prepared".
Robust IP protection for University scientists is necessary to spur genomic medicine in Mexico March et al, ‘8 August 18th, 2013, Gerardo Jimenez-Sanchez, Irma Silva-Zolezzi, Alfredo Hidalgo, and Santiago March from the National Institute of Genomic Medicine, “Genomic medicine in Mexico: Initial steps and the road ahead,” http://genome.cshlp.org/content/18/8/1191.full Developing genomic medicine in Mexico and taking it to a leadership level where medical applications AND and public research institutions for specific projects, including those in genomic medicine.
Mexico is a KEY knowledge center for industrial enzymes and genomics—eliminating IPR issues creates opportunities for U.S. Cooperation and development of alternative energy and pharmaceutical products on a large scale—that solves diseases Quezada, ‘6 April 2006, Fernando Quezada is Executive Director of the Biotechnology Center of Excellence Corporation, a Massachusetts-based organisation advising international public and private sector agencies in biotechnology development programmes, Commercial biotechnology in Latin America: Current opportunities and challenges Mexico Mexico represents the tenth biggest economy in the world today and is a destination AND leadership among the countries of the region and among the industrial sectors themselves.
H5N1 and other deadly pathogens will escape from BSL-4 labs—the impact is extinction Wilson, ’13 April 15th, 2013, Grant Wilson is a Professional Associate at the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute and J.D. from Lewis and Clark Law School, "Minimizing Global Catastrophic and Existential Risks from Emerging Technologies through International Law," http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2179094 NOTE: GCR/ER = Global Catastrophic and Existential Risk An accidental release of a bioengineered microorganism during legitimate research poses a GCR/ER AND with unknown but potentially catastrophic consequences, thus establishing a GCR/ER.
There are no vaccines for H5N1 Begley 12 February 16th, 2012, Sharon Begley, "How secure are labs handling world’s deadliest pathogens?," http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/16/us-health-biosecurity-idUSTRE81E0R420120216 Last year, labs at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and Erasmus MC AND , at a symposium at the New York Academy of Sciences this month.
Drug-resistant TB strains are developing in Mexico—spreads quickly and is airborne Wall Street Journal 13 March 8th, 2013, Wall Street Journal is a new source, “Risk of Deadly TB Exposure Grows Along U.S.-Mexico Border,” https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/tb-roundtable/N3ec0AnfzZA The Tijuana General Hospital TB Clinic in Mexico is working to treat drug-resistant AND , then spearheaded India's TB-fighting program for the World Health Organization.
And, XDR TB spread risks becoming a pandemic—puts the global population at risk Bio-Medicine, ‘7 2007, one of the Internet’s leading online Organizations devoted to biology and medicine (s/o to erin), “The Dreaded Disease Tuberculosis Raises Its Ugly Head”, http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news/The-Dreaded-Disease-Tuberculosis-Raises-Its-Ugly-Head-20674-1/ When Mr. Andrew Speaker and his wife returned to United States from Europe they AND more difficult and expensive to treat, the highly lethal XDR-TB.
Reject your cognitive bias—we have been extremely lucky in the past Klotz, ’12 August 7th, 2012, Lynn C. Klotz is a Senior Science Fellow at the Center for Arms Control and Non Proliferation and a long-time member of the Scientists’ Working Group on Chemical and Biological Weapons, "The unacceptable risks of a man-made pandemic," http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/the-unacceptable-risks-of-man-made-pandemic What is the likelihood that the virus's escape could lead to a pandemic? Too AND an average of two to three others, the key measure of contagiousness. ? Breakthroughs are crucial—their defense doesn’t assume mutation, population size, bio-engineering, or globalization Darling, ’12 March 18th, 2012, David Darling is a British Astronomer, “9 Strange Ways the World Really Might End,” http://blog.seattlepi.com/thebigblog/2012/03/18/9-strange-ways-the-world-really-might-end/?fb_xd_fragment Catastrophometer Scale 7.5: The enemy within (Pandemics) Our body is AND marsupial in Australia) the very survival of our species could be threatened.
Burnout theory is a fallacy Casadevall 12 March 21st, 2012, Arturo Casaveall is a professor of Microbiology and Immunology at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Arturo, “The future of biological warfare,” http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1751-7915.2012.00340.x/full In considering the importance of biological warfare as a subject for concern it is worthwhile AND acquired the capacity for pathogenicity as a consequence of natural evolution or bioengineering.
1/18/14
1AC Lexington - Global Engagement Advantage
Tournament: Lexington | Round: 3 | Opponent: Weston CL | Judge: Caporal, Jack Advantage 2 is Global engagement – The rise of global competitors is inevitable-bolstering relations with non-democratic powers is key to maintaining peaceful relations with rising powers and preventing great-power conflict Fujimoto ‘12 1/11/12, Kevin Fujimito is a Lt. Colonel for U.S. Army. “Preserving U.S. National Security Interests Through a Liberal World Construct”, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/index.cfm/articles/Preserving-US-National-Security-Interests-Liberal-World-Construct/2012/1/11 The emergence of peer competitors, not terrorism, presents the greatest long-term AND protect its interests later when we are no longer the world's only superpower.
The embargo is the symbol of failed American democratization- a full repeal is key to send an international signal of willingness to engage non-democratic states Hinderdael ‘11 6/11/2011, Klaas Hinderdael is a M.A. candidate at SAIS Bologna Center, concentrating in American Foreign Policy and Energy, Resources, and Environment, “Breaking the Logjam: Obama's Cuba Policy and a Guideline for Improved Leadership”, http://bcjournal.org/volume-14/breaking-the-logjam.html?printerFriendly=true The two countries’ histories have long been intertwined, particularly after the Monroe Doctrine of AND truly willing to extend his hand once America’s traditional adversaries unclench their fists.
And, diplomatic commitment to Cuba without them having met democratization requirements sends a vast international signal of the US commitment to global engagement Colvin ‘08 12/23/2008, Jake Colvin is a fellow with the New Ideas Fund, a group that seeks new approaches and paradigms for U.S. national security and foreign policy. He is also Vice President for Global Trade Issues at the National Foreign Trade Council (NFTC) and oversees the Cuba initiative of USA*Engage. “The Case for a New Cuba Policy”, http://web.archive.org/web/20120904201743/http://www.newideasfund.org/proposals/Colvin20-20Cuba20-20Master.pdf A signal to the world Beyond the domestic political benefit of acknowledging a changing Cuban AND have an enormous impact. I think you can do that with Cuba.?
And, the plan’s embrace of political diversity promotes U.S. interests more effectively in the multilateral international order than promoting a narrow democratic model Kupchan and Mount ‘09 Spring 2009, Charles Kupchan is professor of International Affairs at Georgetown University and senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations and Adam Mount is doctoral candidate in the Department of Government at Georgetown University, “The Autonomy Rule”, Democracy: A Journal of Ideas, http://www.democracyjournal.org/pdf/12/Kupchan.pdf) Many American strategists recognize the inevitability of a more level global playing field, but AND the principles around which the next order is most likely to take shape.
And, cooperation with a plurality of governance models is key to solve great power war, warming, proliferation, terrorism, energy security, food security, water security, and economic decline Kupchan ‘12 2012, Charles Kupchan is professor of International Affairs at Georgetown University and senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, “No One's World: The West, the Rising Rest, and the Coming Global Turn”, Kindle edition Although Western hegemony is in its waning days, it still provides a significant level AND if they are to agree on an ideological foundation for the next world.
And, warming leads to extinction Deibel, 2007 (Terry, Professor of National Strategy at the National War College, “Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft”, pgs. 387-389) Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as AND States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet.
And – Nuclear terrorism invokes a massive nuclear superpower war that can only culminate in extinction Ayson, 2010 (Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies at the Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects”, Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Vol. 33 Iss. 7, July) But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a AND for the terrorists. This might not help the chances of nuclear restraint.
And, accepting political diversity’s more likely to resolve every impact than aggressive democracy promotion---the current democratization strategy can only backfire and strengthen the resolve of the non-democratic states it attempts to isolate Kupchan and Mount, 2009 (Charles, professor of International Affairs at Georgetown University and senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, and Adam, doctoral candidate in the Department of Government at Georgetown University, “The Autonomy Rule,” Democracy: A Journal of Ideas, Spring 2009, http://www.democracyjournal.org/pdf/12/Kupchan.pdf) Critics from the right will see this call for toleration of political diversity as moral AND would be as respectful of America’s preferences as America should be of theirs.
Food insecurity causes great power war Calvin 98 (William, Theoretical Neurophysiologist – U Washington, Atlantic Monthly, January, Vol 281, No. 1, p. 47-64) The population-crash scenario is surely the most appalling. Plummeting crop yields would AND longer do so if it lost the extra warming from the North Atlantic.
1/30/14
1AC Lexington Doubles - Transition Advantage
Tournament: Lexington | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Damien SQ | Judge: Whitmore, McCaffrey, Morehead Cuba’s current reforms are slow, contradictory, and insufficient—the plan is key Shifter et al 10/15 – Michael is an Adjunct Professor of Latin American AND Economy, 10/15/13, Latin America Adviser, pdf) In late September, Cuba's government¶ announced the legalization of 18 new categories of AND U.S.-Cuba relations¶ during the presidency of Barack Obama."
The embargo ruins Cuba’s economy – six warrants CETIM 03 – independent research and political organization working at the UN (Centre Europe Tiers Monde, THE EFFECTS OF THE US EMBARGO AGAINST CUBA AND THE REASONS OF THE URGENT NEED TO LIFT IT, http://www.cetim.ch/oldsite/2003/03js04w4.htm)
The harmful economic effects of the embargo From an official Cuban source, the direct AND of raw materials (New York), of nickel, tobacco, rum.
And it’s on the brink – two reasons—
First, geopolitical trends catalyze economic instability and make collapse inevitable Morris, 11 – London Metropolitan University (Emily, FORECASTING CUBA’S ECONOMY: 2, 5, AND 20 YEARS, Presented at the international symposium “Cuba Futures: Past and Present,” organized by The Cuba Project Bildner Center for Western Hemisphere Studies at The Graduate Center/CUNY, http://web.gc.cuny.edu/dept/bildn/cuba/cubaforecasting.pdf) Risks in the short term Political risks arise from th e process of transferring AND within the economies of the growth leaders, China and India. 14 C
Second, Chavez’s death and the election of Maduro undermines stability French 13 – editor of and a frequent contributor to The Havana Note, has led more than two dozen research trips to Cuba (Anya Landau, “Can Cuba Survive the Loss of Chavez”, 3/6/13, http://thehavananote.com/node/1067) MDM
At the same time, it became clear to any honest observer inside or outside AND countries such as China will no doubt increase economic engagement of the island.
Normalized relations with Cuba are key to resolving structural issues in Cuba’s economy Ashby 13 – Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs (Timothy, “Commentary: Presercing stability in Cuba after normalizing relations with the US”, Caribbean News Now, 4/1/13, http://www.caribbeannewsnow.com/headline-Commentary3A-Preserving-stability-in-Cuba-after-normalizing-relations-with-the-US-15197.html) MDM Cuba under Raúl Castro has entered a new period of economic, social, and AND unwise to treat Cuba differently from its stated models, China and Vietnam.
And, it entrenches long-term economic stability – current reform process is failing Piccone, 13 – Brookings Institute Senior Fellow and Deputy Director, Foreign Policy (Joseph, “Opening to Havana”, 1/17/13, http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2013/01/opening-to-havana)
Under Raul Castro, the Cuban government has continued to undertake a number of important AND Cuban government to engage constructively alongside an effort to empower the Cuban people.
Additionally, more moderate approaches comparatively fail to stabilize Cuba Koenig 10 – Lance is a US Army Colonel. This is a paper submitted for a Masters in Strategic Studies at the US Army War College. (“Time for a New Cuba Policy”, March 11, 2010, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA518130) The United States requires a policy that will lead to better relations between the United AND guides her onto a path that will benefit the nations of the Americas.
Cuban economic collapse crushes U.S. deterrence and exacerbates hotspots Gorrell 05 – Lieutenant Colonel (Tim, “CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?” 3/18/5, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074)
Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, Cuba’s AND in an effort to facilitate a manageable transition to post-Castro Cuba?
The understanding that small but violent acts can spark global conflagration is etched into the AND not even a hint that France, Russia or China would respond militarily.
We’ll isolate 2 impacts- Taiwan war goes nuclear Lowther 3/16 William, Taipei Times, citing a report by the Center for Strategic and International Studies, 3/16/13, “Taiwan could spark nuclear war: report,” http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/03/16/2003557211 Taiwan is the most likely potential crisis that could trigger a nuclear war between China AND arsenals, such a conflict would be tremendously dangerous and quite possibly devastating.”
Plan: The United States Federal Government should implement the agreement between the United States and United Mexican States concerning Transboundary Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico
1AC – Relations
Contention 1 is Relations
US Mexico relations are at a pivotal point – failure to ratify the Transboundary Hydrocarbons Agreement erodes trusts and collapses relations Kerry et al. ’12 ~December/2012, JOHN F. KERRY is the secretary of state in the United States, ¶ BARBARA BOXER, California RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana¶ ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey BOB CORKER, Tennessee¶ BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho¶ ROBERT P. CASEY, Jr., Pennsylvania MARCO RUBIO, Florida¶ JIM WEBB, Virginia JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma¶ JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire JIM DeMINT, South Carolina¶ CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia¶ RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming¶ TOM UDALL, New Mexico MIKE LEE, Utah¶ William C. Danvers, Staff Director ¶ Kenneth A. Myers, Jr., Republican Staff Director, "OIL, MEXICO, AND THE AGREEMENT", December 2012, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT77567/html/CPRT-112SPRT77567.htm~~ Perhaps the most important U.S.-specific benefits of the TBA are three AND companies could be shut out of certain opportunities until the TBA is ratified.
Now is the time – investment in oil is the only thing that solves Rubenstein ’3-14 ~4/14/13, David M. AND U.S. Energy Security: Enhancing Partnerships with Mexico and Canada," The agreement also comes at a critical time for reform in the Mexican oil industry AND will be noticed, with potentially negative consequences for the broader bilateral relationship.
Effective cooperation is the only way to resolve the drug war Brzezinski ’12 ~2012, Zbigniew Brzezinski is a former National Security Adviser, "Strategic Vision: America and the Crisis of Global Power", pp. 198-199~ Defeating the narcotics pandemic would become exponentially more difficult if the United States declined, AND a state would stimulate further anti-Mexican tendencies in the United States.
A strong Mexico would boost multilateral cooperation – a collapse would cause international fallout. Relations are critical O’Neal ’13 ~2013, Shannon K. O’Neil is a senior fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations (CFR) a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization, "Two Nations Indivisible", it’s a book~ Mexico’s Crossroads. After nearly three transformative decades, Mexico is still in the midst AND misguided poli¬cies have and will have real consequences as Mexico faces its future.
US multilateralism is critical to legitimacy that solves extinction Ikenberry ’2 ~John Ikenberry, Professor of Geopolitics and Global Justice @ Georgetown, October 2002, "America’s Imperial Ambition—Foreign Affairs, lexis~ Pitfalls accompany this neoimperial grand strategy, however. Unchecked U.S. power AND tend to trigger self-encirclement by their own overestimation of their power.
1AC – PEMEX
Contention 2 is Pemex
Pemex is dying due to decreased production – reforms to spur deep water drilling and private investment is needed to revitalize Pemex Kerry et al. ’12 ~December/2012, JOHN F. KERRY is the secretary of state in the United States, ¶ BARBARA BOXER, California RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana¶ ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey BOB CORKER, Tennessee¶ BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho¶ ROBERT P. CASEY, Jr., Pennsylvania MARCO RUBIO, Florida¶ JIM WEBB, Virginia JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma¶ JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire JIM DeMINT, South Carolina¶ CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia¶ RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming¶ TOM UDALL, New Mexico MIKE LEE, Utah¶ William C. Danvers, Staff Director ¶ Kenneth A. Myers, Jr., Republican Staff Director, "OIL, MEXICO, AND THE AGREEMENT", December 2012, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT77567/html/CPRT-112SPRT77567.htm~~ Progress, but can it last? A snapshot of Mexico’s oil sector Mexico has AND poverty alleviation to the rule of law, let alone broader economic growth.
Current reforms are insufficient – International oil companies are deterred and privatization is not happening Otillar ’13~5/1/13, Steven Otillar, has been representing clients in the development, finance, acquisition and divestiture of domestic and international energy projects for over 15 years, with a particular emphasis on upstream projects in emerging markets, May 1, 2013, "Outlook for Mexico’s Oil Industry — Opportunities and Obstacles", http://cdn.akingump.com/images/content/2/3/v2/23206/Akin-Otillar.pdf-http://cdn.akingump.com/images/content/2/3/v2/23206/Akin-Otillar.pdf.~~ The Need for Reform Production from Mexico’s shallow offshore fields, including Cantarell, continues AND the number, type and complexity of projects being pursued in the aggregate.
TBA solves – it allows cooperation that leads to private investment in Mexico, increased production, and broader reforms Brown and Meacham ’13 ~6/5/13 Neil Brown and Carl Meacham, Brown is non-resident fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States. Meacham is director of the Americas Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, June 6, 2013, "Time for US-Mexico Transboundary Agreement", http://thehill.com/opinion/op-ed/303739-time-for-us-mexico-transboundary-agreement-http://thehill.com/opinion/op-ed/303739-time-for-us-mexico-transboundary-agreement.~~ The United States-Mexico Transboundary Agreement (TBA) would enable cooperation between our AND partners. That is good for Mexico and for the U.S.
And ONLY the TBA can lead to sustained Mexican oil production – solves growth Kerry et al. ’12 ~December/2012, JOHN F. KERRY is the secretary of state in the United States, ¶ BARBARA BOXER, California RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana¶ ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey BOB CORKER, Tennessee¶ BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho¶ ROBERT P. CASEY, Jr., Pennsylvania MARCO RUBIO, Florida¶ JIM WEBB, Virginia JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma¶ JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire JIM DeMINT, South Carolina¶ CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia¶ RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming¶ TOM UDALL, New Mexico MIKE LEE, Utah¶ William C. Danvers, Staff Director ¶ Kenneth A. Myers, Jr., Republican Staff Director, "OIL, MEXICO, AND THE AGREEMENT", December 2012, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT77567/html/CPRT-112SPRT77567.htm~~ The centerpiece of the TBA is the mandate to establish so-called ’’unitization’’ AND and friendly neighbor, Mexican oil imports support U.S. energy security
And the warrant is reverse casual – oil decline causes Mexican economic collapse Krauss and Malkin ’10 ~3/8/10, Clifford Kraus and Elisabeth Malkin, Krauss is a national business correspondent based in Houston covering energy for the NYT, Malkin covers environmental and energy news especially for Mexico for the NYT, "Mexico Oil Politics Keeps Riches Just Out of Reach", http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/09/business/global/09pemex.html?pagewanted=all26_r=0-http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/09/business/global/09pemex.html?pagewanted=all26_r=0.~~ VENUSTIANO CARRANZA, Mexico — To the Mexican people, one of the great achievements AND , Pemex is in a key moment in its history," he said.
Mexico’s economy is critical to the US – collapse causes decline of US economy and competitiveness O’Neal ’13 ~2013, Shannon K. O’Neil is a senior fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations (CFR) a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization, "Two Nations Indivisible", it’s a book~ The Binational Road Forward. Mexico has come a long way in the last three AND already seen both sides of the border before hitting the showroom down south.
Competitiveness solves Great power war Baru, ’9 ~March 2009, Sanjaya Barus is visiting Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy in Singapore Geopolitical Implications of the Current Global Financial Crisis, Strategic Analysis, Volume 33, Issue 2 March 2009, pages 163 – 168~ Hence, economic policies and performance do have strategic consequences. In the modern era AND they will do so once again in today’s America remains to be seen.
The US is key to the global economy Caploe ’9 David is the Chief Political Economist at Economy Watch and holds a PhD in International Political Economy from Princeton. April 7, 2009, The Straits Times, "Focus still on America to lead global recovery," http://acalaha.com/STarticle07Apr09.pdf IN THE aftermath of the G-20 summit, most observers seem to have AND - has cascaded into the worst global economic crisis since the Great Depression.
Global economic decline leads to miscalculation and crisis escalation—escalates Harris and Burrows, ’09 ~Mathew, PhD European History at Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer, member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit "Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis" http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf-http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf~~ Increased Potential for Global Conflict Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and AND within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.
Broad studies prove our argument Royal, ’10 ~2010, Jedediah Royal is the Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives", ed. By Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215~ Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict AND such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.
Our method is best – it is falsifiable Weede ’4 ~2004, Erich, professor of sociology at the University of Bonn, Germany, In Winter 1986-87, he was Visiting Professor of International Relations at the Bologna Center of The Johns Hopkins University, "BALANCE OF POWER, GLOBALIZATION, AND THE CAPITALIST PEACE," http://www.fnf.org.ph/downloadables/Balance20of20Power,20Globalization20and20Capitalist20Peace.pdf-http://www.fnf.org.ph/downloadables/Balance of Power, Globalization and Capitalist Peace.pdf~ If one does research or summarize the research of others – of course, most AND hodgepodge of ambiguous hunches, contradictory thinking, and unsystematically evaluated empirical evidence.
1AC – Oil Spills
Contention 3 is oil spills
We control uniqueness – Pemex is about to drill alone – they don’t have the safety to prevent a spill Shields ’12 ~2/20/12, David Shields is an independent energy analyst based in Mexico City, quoted by the Inter-American Dialogue. "Q and A: Is Mexico Prepared for Deepwater Drilling in the Gulf?" Inter-American Dialogue, February 20-24, http://repository.unm.edu/bitstream/handle/1928/20477/Is20Mexico20Prepared20for20Deepwater20Drilling20in20the20Gulf.pdf?sequence=1~~ "They say that if a country does not defend its borders, then others AND has come and gone. The next disaster is just waiting to happen."
It spills over to the entire Gulf of Mexico Velarde ’12 ~3/19/12, Velarde is an Attorney and Counselor-at-Law, admitted in Mexico in 1988, and in the State of New York in 1991. Mr. López-Velarde held various positions at Pemex during 1988-1993, including that of Financial Advisor to the Finance Department, In-House Counsel in Houston, Texas, In-House Counsel in New York, and Head of the International Legal Department of Pemex. He was honored with the "Most Distinguished Attorney Award" of Pemex for the period 1990-1991. "US-Mexican treaty on Gulf of Mexico transboundary reservoirs", International Law Office, http://www.internationallawoffice.com/newsletters/detail.aspx?g=b9326bf8-f27f-43ff-b45a-1b2b70ccb217~~ Pemex has indicated that it has no information to confirm the existence of a transboundary AND ) would agree to harmonise applicable standards only in respect of transboundary reservoirs.
Your resiliency arguments don’t apply to the Gulf – BP put us on the brink Craig ’11 ~12/20/11, Robin Kundis Craig, Attorneys’ Title Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Environmental Programs, Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, Florida, "Legal Remedies for Deep Marine Oil Spills and Long-Term Ecological Resilience: A Match Made in Hell" http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1906839-http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1906839~~ Importantly, however, the second aspect of resilience theory acknowledges that ecosystems can exist AND tourism~ and the environment on which they depend for future generations."16
The Gulf is a key ocean biodiversity hotspot Brenner ’8 ~3/14/08, Jorge Brenner, "Guarding the Gulf of Mexico’s valuable resources" www.scidev.net/en/opinions/guarding-the-gulf-of-mexico-s-valuable-resources.html~ Rich in biodiversity and habitats¶ The Gulf of Mexico is rich in biodiversity and AND in the North Atlantic that helps to regulate the climate of western Europe.
Extinction Clark and Downes ’6 ~2006, Dana Clark, Center for International Environmental Law, and David Downes, US Interior Dept. Policy Analysis Senior Trade Advisor, , What price biodiversity?, http://www.ciel.org/Publications/summary.html~~ Biodiversity is the diversity of life on earth, on which we depend for our AND we lose the opportunity for mental or spiritual rejuvenation through contact with nature.
Outweighs any other impact Chen ’2K ~Jim Chen is a Professor of law U of Minnesota, Now Dean of Law School at Louisville "Globalization and Its Losers", 9 Minn. J. Global Trade 157’ ~ The spread of Homo sapiens around the earth have brought about mass extinctions and related AND by Homo sapiens - in ten million years, perhaps a hundred million.
9/22/13
1AC Wake- THA v1
Tournament: Wake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harker | Judge:
1AC – Plan
Plan: The United States federal government should implement the Agreement between the United States of America and the United Mexican States Concerning Transboundary Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico.
1AC – Relations
Contention 1 is Relations
US Mexico relations are at a pivotal point – failure to ratify the Transboundary Hydrocarbons Agreement erodes trusts and collapses relations Kerry et al. 12 (JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts, Chairman ¶ BARBARA BOXER, California RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana¶ ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey BOB CORKER, Tennessee¶ BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho¶ ROBERT P. CASEY, Jr., Pennsylvania MARCO RUBIO, Florida¶ JIM WEBB, Virginia JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma¶ JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire JIM DeMINT, South Carolina¶ CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia¶ RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming¶ TOM UDALL, New Mexico MIKE LEE, Utah¶ William C. Danvers, Staff Director ¶ Kenneth A. Myers, Jr., Republican Staff Director, and#34;OIL, MEXICO, AND THE AGREEMENTand#34;, December 2012, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT77567/html/CPRT-112SPRT77567.htm) Perhaps the most important U.S.-specific benefits of the TBA are three AND companies could be shut out of certain opportunities until the TBA is ratified.
Now is the time – investment in oil is the only thing that solves Rubenstein 3-14 David Rubenstein, Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment, March 14, 2013, and#34;U.S. Energy Security: Enhancing Partnerships with Mexico and Canadaand#34; The agreement also comes at a critical time for reform in the Mexican oil industry AND will be noticed, with potentially negative consequences for the broader bilateral relationship.
Increased relations is key to stop the spread of drug trafficking Olson 9 (Eric L., M.A., International Affairs, American University; B.A., History and Secondary Education, Trinity College, Associate Director of the Latin American Program at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, as a Senior Specialist in the Department for Promotion of Good Governance at the Organization of American States, January 2009, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/The20U.S.20and20Mexico.20Towards20a20Strategic20Partnership.pdf-http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/The U.S. and Mexico. Towards a Strategic Partnership.pdf) It is time to strengthen the U.S. relationship with Mexico. There AND develop a comprehensive and bilateral approach ¶ that limits the reach of organized crime
Relations are key to Mexico’s economy and stability– Mexico collapse would destroy the US economy and cause isolationism O’Neal ’13 ~2013, Shannon K. O’Neil is a senior fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations (CFR) a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization, and#34;Two Nations Indivisibleand#34;, it’s a book~ Mexico’s Crossroads. After nearly three transformative decades, Mexico is still in the midst AND misguided poli¬cies have and will have real consequences as Mexico faces its future.
Hegemony prevents multiple nuclear conflicts Brooks, Ikenberry, and Wohlforth ’13 (Stephen, Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, John Ikenberry is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, William C. Wohlforth is the Daniel Webster Professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College and#34;Don’t Come Home America: The Case Against Retrenchment,and#34; International Security, Vol. 37, No. 3 (Winter 2012/13), pp. 7–51) A core premise of deep engagement is that it prevents the emergence of a far AND that of potential rivals is by many measures growing rather than shrinking. 85
War is at its lowest level in history because of US primacy—-best statistical studies prove Owen 11 (John M. Owen Professor of Politics at University of Virginia PhD from Harvard and#34;DON’T DISCOUNT HEGEMONYand#34; Feb 11 www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony-http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony/) Our colleagues at Simon Fraser University are brave indeed. That may sound like a AND U.S. material and moral support for liberal democracy remains strong.
Failure to stop the drug war causes broader Latin American instability Shirk 11 (David A., Associate Professor, Political Science, and Director, Trans-Border Institute, University of San Diego, and#34;The Drug War in Mexico Confronting a Shared Threatand#34;, March 2011, pg. 26-27) The opportunity for effective U.S.-Mexico cooperation to address these shared concerns AND , and a more sensible policy for managing the harms associated with drugs.
Latin America instability causes extinction Manwaring 5 (Max G., Retired U.S. Army colonel and an Adjunct Professor of International Politics at Dickinson College, venezuela’s hugo chávez, bolivarian socialism, and asymmetric warfare, October 2005, pg. PUB628.pdf) President Chávez also understands that the process leading to state failure is the most dangerous AND and their associated problems endanger global security, peace, and prosperity.65
1AC – PEMEX
Contention 2 is Pemex
Pemex is dying due to decreased production – reforms to spur deep water drilling and private investment is needed to revitalize Pemex Kerry et al. 12 (JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts, Chairman ¶ BARBARA BOXER, California RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana¶ ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey BOB CORKER, Tennessee¶ BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho¶ ROBERT P. CASEY, Jr., Pennsylvania MARCO RUBIO, Florida¶ JIM WEBB, Virginia JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma¶ JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire JIM DeMINT, South Carolina¶ CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia¶ RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming¶ TOM UDALL, New Mexico MIKE LEE, Utah¶ William C. Danvers, Staff Director ¶ Kenneth A. Myers, Jr., Republican Staff Director, and#34;OIL, MEXICO, AND THE AGREEMENTand#34;, December 2012, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT77567/html/CPRT-112SPRT77567.htm-http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT77567/html/CPRT-112SPRT77567.htm) Progress, but can it last? A snapshot of Mexico’s oil sector Mexico has AND poverty alleviation to the rule of law, let alone broader economic growth.
Current reforms are insufficient – International oil companies are deterred and privatization is not happening Otillar 5-1 Steven Otillar, has been representing clients in the development, finance, acquisition and divestiture of domestic and international energy projects for over 15 years, with a particular emphasis on upstream projects in emerging markets, May 1, 2013, and#34;Outlook for Mexico’s Oil Industry — Opportunities and Obstaclesand#34;, http://cdn.akingump.com/images/content/2/3/v2/23206/Akin-Otillar.pdf-http://cdn.akingump.com/images/content/2/3/v2/23206/Akin-Otillar.pdf. The Need for Reform Production from Mexico’s shallow offshore fields, including Cantarell, continues AND the number, type and complexity of projects being pursued in the aggregate.
TBA solves – it allows cooperation that leads to private investment in Mexico, increased production, and broader reforms Brown and Meacham 6-5 Neil Brown and Carl Meacham, Brown is non-resident fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States. Meacham is director of the Americas Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, June 6, 2013, and#34;Time for US-Mexico Transboundary Agreementand#34;, http://thehill.com/opinion/op-ed/303739-time-for-us-mexico-transboundary-agreement-http://thehill.com/opinion/op-ed/303739-time-for-us-mexico-transboundary-agreement. The United States-Mexico Transboundary Agreement (TBA) would enable cooperation between our AND partners. That is good for Mexico and for the U.S.
And ONLY the TBA can lead to sustained Mexican oil production – solves growth Kerry et al. 12 (JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts, Chairman ¶ BARBARA BOXER, California RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana¶ ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey BOB CORKER, Tennessee¶ BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho¶ ROBERT P. CASEY, Jr., Pennsylvania MARCO RUBIO, Florida¶ JIM WEBB, Virginia JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma¶ JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire JIM DeMINT, South Carolina¶ CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia¶ RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming¶ TOM UDALL, New Mexico MIKE LEE, Utah¶ William C. Danvers, Staff Director ¶ Kenneth A. Myers, Jr., Republican Staff Director, and#34;OIL, MEXICO, AND THE AGREEMENTand#34;, December 2012, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT77567/html/CPRT-112SPRT77567.htm-http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT77567/html/CPRT-112SPRT77567.htm) The centerpiece of the TBA is the mandate to establish so-called ’’unitization’’ AND and friendly neighbor, Mexican oil imports support U.S. energy security
And the warrant is reverse casual – oil decline causes Mexican economic collapse Krauss and Malkin 10 Clifford Kraus and Elisabeth Malkin, Krauss is a national business correspondent based in Houston covering energy for the NYT, Malkin covers environmental and energy news especially for Mexico for the NYT, March 8, 2010, and#34;Mexico Oil Politics Keeps Riches Just Out of Reachand#34;, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/09/business/global/09pemex.html?pagewanted=all26_r=0-http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/09/business/global/09pemex.html?pagewanted=all26_r=0. VENUSTIANO CARRANZA, Mexico — To the Mexican people, one of the great achievements AND , Pemex is in a key moment in its history,and#34; he said.
Mexico’s economy is critical to the US – collapse causes decline of US economy and competitiveness O’Neal ’13 ~2013, Shannon K. O’Neil is a senior fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations (CFR) a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization, and#34;Two Nations Indivisibleand#34;, it’s a book~ The Binational Road Forward. Mexico has come a long way in the last three AND already seen both sides of the border before hitting the showroom down south.
The US is key to the global economy Caploe 9 David is the Chief Political Economist at Economy Watch and holds a PhD in International Political Economy from Princeton. April 7, 2009, The Straits Times, and#34;Focus still on America to lead global recovery,and#34; http://acalaha.com/STarticle07Apr09.pdf IN THE aftermath of the G-20 summit, most observers seem to have AND - has cascaded into the worst global economic crisis since the Great Depression.
Global economic decline leads to miscalculation and crisis escalation—escalates Harris and Burrows, ’09 ~Mathew, PhD European History at Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer, member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit and#34;Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisisand#34; http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf-http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf~~ Increased Potential for Global Conflict Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and AND within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.
Broad studies support our argument ROYAL 10 Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense ~Jedediah Royal, 2010, Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises, in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215~ Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict AND not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.
Mexican growth solves immigration Pethokoukis 3/6/13 (James Pethokoukis is the Money 26 Politics columnist-blogger for the American Enterprise Institute, citing Kenneth Rogoff, Professor of Economics and Public Policy at Harvard University, and#34;The Mexican economy and US immigrationand#34; http://www.aei-ideas.org/2013/03/the-mexican-economy-and-us-immigration/) Marco Rubio is for a path to citizenship. Jeb Bush, apparently, is AND as much as Mexico if conditions south of the border begin breaking good.
Bioterror leads to extinction Anders Sandberg 8, is a James Martin Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University; Jason G. Matheny, PhD candidate in Health Policy and Management at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and special consultant to the Center for Biosecurity at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Milan M. ?irkovi?, senior research associate at the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade and assistant professor of physics at the University of Novi Sad in Serbia and Montenegro, 9/8/8, and#34;How can we reduce the risk of human extinction?,and#34; Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction-http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction The risks from anthropogenic hazards appear at present larger than those from natural ones. AND may increase as biotechnologies continue to improve at a rate rivaling Moore’s Law.
1AC – Oil Spills
Absent the plan, oil spills are inevitable Shields 12 – David is an independent energy analyst based in Mexico City, quoted by the Inter-American Dialogue. (and#34;Q and A: Is Mexico Prepared for Deepwater Drilling in the Gulf?and#34; Inter-American Dialogue, February 20-24, http://repository.unm.edu/bitstream/handle/1928/20477/Is20Mexico20Prepared20for20Deepwater20Drilling20in20the20Gulf.pdf?sequence=1) and#34;They say that if a country does not defend its borders, then others AND has come and gone. The next disaster is just waiting to happen.and#34;
Regardless of regulations, joint inspections solve Baker 12 – George is the publisher of Mexico Energy Intelligence. (and#34;Q and A: Is Mexico Prepared for Deepwater Drilling in the Gulf?and#34; Inter-American Dialogue, February 20-24, http://repository.unm.edu/bitstream/handle/1928/20477/Is20Mexico20Prepared20for20Deepwater20Drilling20in20the20Gulf.pdf?sequence=1) and#34;The serious issues of corporate governance and regulation in the shadow of the Macondo AND safety and occupational safety to be carried out separately, by different teams.and#34;
The plan spills over the environmental protection in the entire Gulf of Mexico Velarde 12 – Attorney and Counselor-at-Law, admitted in Mexico in 1988, and in the State of New York in 1991. Mr. López-Velarde held various positions at Pemex during 1988-1993, including that of Financial Advisor to the Finance Department, In-House Counsel in Houston, Texas, In-House Counsel in New York, and Head of the International Legal Department of Pemex. He was honored with the and#34;Most Distinguished Attorney Awardand#34; of Pemex for the period 1990-1991. (and#34;US-Mexican treaty on Gulf of Mexico transboundary reservoirsand#34;, International Law Office, March 19, 2012, http://www.internationallawoffice.com/newsletters/detail.aspx?g=b9326bf8-f27f-43ff-b45a-1b2b70ccb217) Pemex has indicated that it has no information to confirm the existence of a transboundary AND ) would agree to harmonise applicable standards only in respect of transboundary reservoirs.
Resiliency does not apply to Gulf Coast ecosystems—another spill will destroy marine biodiversity Craig 11 (Robin Kundis Craig, Attorneys’ Title Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Environmental Programs, Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, Florida, 12/20/11 and#34;Legal Remedies for Deep Marine Oil Spills and Long-Term Ecological Resilience: A Match Made in Helland#34; http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1906839-http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1906839) Importantly, however, the second aspect of resilience theory acknowledges that ecosystems can exist AND tourism~ and the environment on which they depend for future generations.and#34;16
Extinction Clark and Downes 6 Dana Clark, Center for International Environmental Law, and David Downes, US Interior Dept. Policy Analysis Senior Trade Advisor, 2006, What price biodiversity?, http://www.ciel.org/Publications/summary.html Biodiversity is the diversity of life on earth, on which we depend for our AND we lose the opportunity for mental or spiritual rejuvenation through contact with nature.
The Gulf is a key ocean biodiversity hotspot Brenner 8 – Jorge Brenner, March 14th, 2008, and#34;Guarding the Gulf of Mexico’s valuable resourcesand#34; www.scidev.net/en/opinions/guarding-the-gulf-of-mexico-s-valuable-resources.html Rich in biodiversity and habitats¶ The Gulf of Mexico is rich in biodiversity and AND in the North Atlantic that helps to regulate the climate of western Europe.
There’s an invisible threshold Craig 11 (Robin Kundis Craig, Attorneys’ Title Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Environmental Programs, Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, Florida, 12/20/11 and#34;Legal Remedies for Deep Marine Oil Spills and Long-Term Ecological Resilience: A Match Made in Helland#34; http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1906839-http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1906839) What would happen instead if we incorporated full resilience theory into our laws? As AND actions do to the ecosystems that we both impact and depend upon.185
Ocean biodiversity is the fundamental building block for all life Craig 3 (Robin Kundis Craig, Associate Professor of Law, Indiana University School of Law, 2k3 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155) Biodiversity and ecosystem function arguments for conserving marine ecosystems also exist, just as they AND - even if a few fishers go out of business as a result.
a. No behind the scenes negotiations Everything is public this time – no behind the scenes negotiations that give us hope Weisman ’9-26 ~9/26/13, Johnathan Weisman is a writer for the NYT. "House GOP Raises Stakes in Debt-Ceiling Fight," http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/27/us/politics/house-gop-leaders-list-conditions-for-raising-debt-ceiling.html~~ WASHINGTON — With no serious negotiations in sight, a disorderly and divided Congress slipped AND taking place behind the scenes even as the parties traded public partisan shots.
b. negotiating postures. Strong 9-27 Jonathan, The GOP Thinks Obama Is Bluffing, National Review, http://www.nationalreview.com/node/359696/print House Republicans are heading into a showdown with Obama over the debt ceiling, convinced AND right flank of Speaker John Boehner’s conference for not containing enough spending cuts.
c. Boehner has no control over republicans Benen ’9-25 ~9/25/13, Steve Benen is a American politican blogger with a BA in Polsci from FIU and a master’s from George Washington university. "Start the clock on the 2013 debt-ceiling crisis," http://maddowblog.msnbc.com/_news/2013/09/25/20692643-start-the-clock-on-the-2013-debt-ceiling-crisis~~ Boehner has "said he’s not willing to allow" default? Yes, he AND out before you and I get burned, is some genuinely scary stuff.
e. No Obama push Cohen ’9-26 ~9/26/13, Tom Choen is a writer for CNN, "Boehner signals GOP focus now on debt ceiling," http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/26/politics/shutdown-showdown/?hpt=po_c1~~ However, King said the president previously negotiated on the need to increase how much AND of doing the same thing by refusing to negotiate on the debt ceiling.
Obama can’t negotiate – insane GOP requests – plus they want our aff Yglesias 9/26 Matthew, House GOP Just Showed Why Obama Can’t Compromise on the Debt Ceiling, Slate Political Correspondent, http://www.slate.com/blogs/moneybox/2013/09/26/house_debt_ceiling_bill_shows_why_compromise_is_unthinkable.html Over the past two days, I’ve started hearing murmurs from the CW-vendors AND changes designed to make it harder for regulatory agencies to crack the whip.
No one knows how to make a deal – Klein 9-23 Ezra, Washington Post Wonkblog editor, Wonkbook – daily email newsletter 1) Democrats don’t fear a shutdown. They do fear a debt-ceiling AND out don’t have any plausible explanation for what that way out might be.
1AR – Politics Link Turns
Offshore drilling trumps ideology Russel ’12 ~8/15/12, Barry Russell is President of the Independent Petroleum Association of America, "Energy Must Transcend Politics", http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/08/finding-the-sweet-spot-biparti.php~~232238176~~ There have been glimpses of great leadership, examples when legislators have reached across the AND ) is another Democratic leader who consistently votes to promote responsible energy development.
This olive branch is key to debt ceiling Weisman ’9-26 ~9/26/13, Johnathan Weisman is a writer for the NYT. "House GOP Raises Stakes in Debt-Ceiling Fight," http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/27/us/politics/house-gop-leaders-list-conditions-for-raising-debt-ceiling.html~~ But in their efforts to unify restive Republicans, House leaders were only widening the partisan divisions. Behind closed doors on Thursday, they laid out their demands for a debt ceiling increase that include the health law delay, fast-track authority to overhaul the tax code, construction of the Keystone XL oil pipeline, offshore oil and gas production and more permitting of energy exploration on federal lands.
1AR AT Dems Backlash Link
Dems won’t backlash or drain PC Hughes 2/6 Brian, "Obama’s base increasingly wary of drone program", 2013, washingtonexaminer.com/obamas-base-increasingly-wary-of-drone-program/article/2520787 "Democrats, they’re going to want the president to succeed on domestic priorities and don’t want to do anything to erode his political capital," said Christopher Preble, vice president for defense and foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute. "It’s just so partisan right now. An awful lot of ~lawmakers~ think the president should be able to do whatever he wants."
Only the Plan Solves U.S. House 4-25 ~4/25/13, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. "H.R. 1613: To amend the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act to provide for the proper Federal management and oversight of transboundary hydrocarbon reservoirs STATEMENT OF TOMMY P. BEAUDREAU ACTING ASSISTANT SECRETARY, LAND AND MINERALS MANAGEMENT UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES COMMITTEE ON NATURAL RESOURCES", http://www.doi.gov/ocl/hearings/113/hr1613_042513.cfm?renderforprint=126~~ The Mexican market has long been closed to participation by U.S. companies AND environmental risks that would result from unilateral exploration and development along the boundary.
CP Doesn’t Solve Case The Gleaner, 8-21-’13 ("Pemex To Explore For Oil In United States" http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20130821/business/business7.html) The plan will help Petroleos Mexicanos, known as Pemex, acquire drilling techniques it AND oil production has dropped by about one-quarter over the last decade.
CP creates uncertainty and disadvantages American companies- Simmons 4-24/13 (Daniel Simmons is the Institution for Energy Research State and Regulatory Affairs Director before the House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources in a hearing titled "U.S.-Mexico Transboundary Hydrocarbon Agreement and Steps Needed for Implementation.", "IER’s Simmons to Testify on Hydrocarbons Agreement", http://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/2013/04/24/testimony-of-daniel-simmons-subcommittee-on-energy-and-mineral-resources/~~23_ednref20 While the Transboundary Hydrocarbon Agreement is a good agreement that will aid both the United AND taking proper steps to isolate this unique agreement from the uncertainties surrounding 13q.
10/4/13
2AC Brazil DA
Tournament: Blake | Round: 3 | Opponent: Sioux Falls Lincoln | Judge: Brad Bolman Latin America impact empirically denied Hartzell ‘00 (Caroline A., 4/1/2000, Middle Atlantic Council of Latin American Studies Latin American Essays, “Latin America's civil wars: conflict resolution and institutional change.” http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-28765765_ITM) Latin America has been the site of fourteen civil wars during the post-World AND are the factors that are responsible for shaping post-war institutional change?
The plan solves Latin American relations White 13 – Senior fellow at the Center for International Policy and former U.S. ambassador to Paraguay and El Salvador (Robert, “After Chávez, a Chance to Rethink Relations With Cuba”, New York Times, 3/7/13, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/08/opinion/after-chavez-hope-for-good-neighbors-in-latin-america.html?pagewanted=all) FOR most of our history, the United States assumed that its security was inextricably linked to a partnership with Latin America. This legacy dates from the Monroe Doctrine, articulated in 1823, through the Rio pact, the postwar treaty that pledged the United States to come to the defense of its allies in Central and South America. Yet for a half-century, our policies toward our southern neighbors have alternated between intervention and neglect, inappropriate meddling and missed opportunities. The death this week of President Hugo Chávez of Venezuela — who along with Fidel Castro of Cuba was perhaps the most vociferous critic of the United States among the political leaders of the Western Hemisphere in recent decades — offers an opportunity to restore bonds with potential allies who share the American goal of prosperity. Throughout his career, the autocratic Mr. Chávez used our embargo as a wedge with which to antagonize the United States and alienate its supporters. His fuel helped prop up the rule of Mr. Castro and his brother Raúl, Cuba’s current president. The embargo no longer serves any useful purpose (if it ever did at all); President Obama should end it, though it would mean overcoming powerful opposition from Cuban-American lawmakers in Congress. An end to the Cuba embargo would send a powerful signal to all of Latin America that the United States wants a new, warmer relationship with democratic forces seeking social change throughout the Americas. I joined the State Department as a Foreign Service officer in the 1950s and chose AND region since the end of Spanish and Portuguese rule in the 19th century. Kennedy had a charisma of his own, and it captured the imaginations of leaders AND D. Roosevelt and transformed the whole concept of inter-American relations. Tragically, after Kennedy’s assassination in 1963, the ideal of the Alliance for Progress crumbled and “la noche mas larga” — “the longest night” — began for the proponents of Latin American democracy. Military regimes flourished, democratic governments withered, moderate political and civil leaders were labeled Communists, rights of free speech and assembly were curtailed and human dignity crushed, largely because the United States abandoned all standards save that of anti-Communism. During my Foreign Service career, I did what I could to oppose policies that supported dictators and closed off democratic alternatives. In 1981, as the ambassador to El Salvador, I refused a demand by the secretary of state, Alexander M. Haig Jr., that I use official channels to cover up the Salvadoran military’s responsibility for the murders of four American churchwomen. I was fired and forced out of the Foreign Service. The Reagan administration, under the illusion that Cuba was the power driving the Salvadoran revolution, turned its policy over to the Pentagon and C.I.A., with predictable results. During the 1980s the United States helped expand the Salvadoran military, which was dominated by uniformed assassins. We armed them, trained them and covered up their crimes. After our counterrevolutionary efforts failed to end the Salvadoran conflict, the Defense Department asked AND and at a cost disproportionate to any conventional conception of the national interest.” Over the subsequent quarter-century, a series of profound political, social and AND States — which excludes the United States and Canada — as an alternative. At a regional meeting that included Cuba and excluded the United States, Mr. Chávez said that “the most positive thing for the independence of our continent is that we meet alone without the hegemony of empire.” Mr. Chávez was masterful at manipulating America’s antagonism toward Fidel Castro as a rhetorical stick with which to attack the United States as an imperialist aggressor, an enemy of progressive change, interested mainly in treating Latin America as a vassal continent, a source of cheap commodities and labor. Like its predecessors, the Obama administration has given few signs that it has grasped the magnitude of these changes or cares about their consequences. After President Obama took office in 2009, Latin America’s leading statesman at the time, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, then the president of Brazil, urged Mr. Obama to normalize relations with Cuba. Lula, as he is universally known, correctly identified our Cuba policy as the chief stumbling block to renewed ties with Latin America, as it had been since the very early years of the Castro regime.- White Evidence After the failure of the 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion, Washington set out to accomplish by stealth and economic strangulation what it had failed to do by frontal attack. But the clumsy mix of covert action and porous boycott succeeded primarily in bringing shame on the United States and turning Mr. Castro into a folk hero. And even now, despite the relaxing of travel restrictions and Raúl Castro’s announcement that AND Committee, but his power has been weakened by a continuing ethics controversy.) Are there any other examples in the history of diplomacy where the leaders of a small, weak nation can prevent a great power from acting in its own best interest merely by staying alive? The re-election of President Obama, and the death of Mr. Chávez AND president is prepared to show some flexibility on Cuba and asks your help. Such a simple request could transform the Cuban issue from a bilateral problem into a multilateral challenge. It would then be up to Latin Americans to devise a policy that would help Cuba achieve a sufficient measure of democratic change to justify its reintegration into a hemisphere composed entirely of elected governments. If, however, our present policy paralysis continues, we will soon see the emergence of two rival camps, the United States versus Latin America. While Washington would continue to enjoy friendly relations with individual countries like Brazil, Mexico and Colombia, the vision of Roosevelt and Kennedy of a hemisphere of partners cooperating in matters of common concern would be reduced to a historical footnote.
Key to the economy and solve extinction Shifter 12 Michael is the President of Inter-American Dialogue. “Remaking the Relationship: The United States and Latin America,” April, IAD Policy Report, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf There are compelling reasons for the United States and Latin America to pursue more robust AND —both from the United States and from Latin America and the Caribbean.
Debt Ceiling First Taylor 9/26 ~September 26, 2013, Andrew Taylor is a writer for the Associated Press, "Boehner: House won’t pass ’clean’ spending bill", http://www.columbian.com/news/2013/sep/26/clean-spending-bill-obamacare/~~ WASHINGTON — House Republicans will not simply pass a temporary spending bill from the Democratic AND devices, which many Democrats also oppose — to the stopgap spending bill.
Energy policy is an olive branch –Polcap is not effective Grant 1-20 ~1/20/13, David Grant is the Christian Science Monitor’s congressional correspondent in Washington, D.C. where he covers Capitol Hill, "Obama’s second term: Can he work with Congress?", http://www.csmonitor.com/layout/set/print/USA/DC-Decoder/2013/0120/Obama-s-second-term-Can-he-work-with-Congress-video~~ While Mr. Obama came to Washington promising to change it, he spent much AND have plenty of GOP support – but that remains a large "if."
Turn Winner’s win A. Second term battles cause bandwagoning Hirsh ’2-7 ~2/7/13, Michael Hirsh is chief correspondent for National Journal; citing Ornstein, a political scientist and scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and Bensel, gov’t prof at Cornell, "There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital", www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207-http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207~~ But the abrupt emergence of the immigration and gun-control issues illustrates how suddenly AND change positions to get on the winning side. It’s a bandwagon effect."
B. Overloading – Increasing the size of the agenda makes items more likely to pass Cohn ’9 ~3/11/09, Jonathon Cohn, The New Republic, "The Case for Presidential Multi-Tasking", http://blogs.tnr.com/tnr/blogs/the_treatment/archive/2009/03/11/the-case-for-presidential-multi-tasking.aspx~~ My friend William Galston is not the only writer/pundit urging President Obama to AND that just won a landslide presidential election while building up huge congressional majorities.
PC Fails and is Low— only risk of a link turn Koring 9-16 ~9/16/13, Paul Koring is a Canadian journalist and foreign correspondent for The Globe and Mail. He is currently posted to the Washington Bureau as the paper’s foreign affairs and international security correspondent. "Obama faces fall showdown with Congress’", http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/obama-faces-fall-showdown-with-congress/article14329090/~~ In turn, despite the President’s impressive oratory, he may be wearing out his AND fiscal cliff to drive a stake into the President’s health-care program.
10/4/13
2AC Cap K
Tournament: UMich | Round: 3 | Opponent: UC Lab DL | Judge: Elyse Conklin The neg must connect their alternative to policy concerns and institutional practices—absent these questions shifts in knowledge production are useless – (governments’ obey institutional logics that exist independently of individuals and constrain decisionmaking ) Wight, ‘6 – Professor of IR @ University of Sydney (Colin, Agents, Structures and International Relations: Politics as Ontology, pgs. 48-50 One important aspect of this relational ontology is that these relations constitute our identity as AND upon it, upon its specific characteristics, its constants and its variables’.
A total shift is impossible—working at the intersection of economics and environmental sustainability is critical Barry 07 – Dr. John Barry is Director of the Institute of Governance, Public Policy and Social Research and Co-Director of the Centre for Sustainability and Environmental Governance at Queen’s University Belfast. His areas of research include the normative aspects of environmental policy, politics and sustainable development; environmental governance; the governance of science and innovation; the link between academic knowledge and policy making; trust, legitimacy and public policy; citizenship, public policy and governance; theories and practices of reconciliation in Northern Ireland. (“Towards a model of green political economy: from ecological modernisation to economic security”, Int. J. Green Economics, Vol. 1, Nos. 3/4, 2007, http://www.inderscience.com/storage/f614812932511107.pdf) 1 Introduction Economic analysis has been one of the weakest and least developed areas of AND development policy in the UK are founded (Barry and Paterson, 2004).
No impact to Capitalism Larrivee 10— PF ECONOMICS AT MOUNT ST MARY’S UNIVERSITY – MASTERS FROM THE HARVARD KENNEDY SCHOOL AND PHD IN ECONOMICS FROM WISCONSIN, 10 JOHN, A FRAMEWORK FOR THE MORAL ANALYSIS OF MARKETS, 10/1, http://www.teacheconomicfreedom.org/files/larrivee-paper-1.pdf The Second Focal Point: Moral, Social, and Cultural Issues of Capitalism AND problems in the first place, at least not to the degree theorized.
Alternative Causes transition wars Anderson 84 Perry, professor of sociology at UCLA, In the tracks of historical materialism, p.102-103 That background also indicates, however, what is essentially missing from his work. AND —as this work does—is to locate it in thin air.
Capitalism is sustainable and reflexive. Cudd, ‘10 – Dean of Humanities and Professor of Philosophy @ KU Anne Cudd, “Capitalism for and Against: A Feminist Debate,” pg. 124 Finally, capitalism promotes innovation, and as a path to technical innovation, science AND In this way, capitalism creates the conditions for trenchant critiques of capitalist fetishes
Utilitiarian framing key to equality. Cummiskey, ’90 David, Professor of Philosophy, Bates, Kantian Consequentialism, Ethics 100.3, p 601-2, p 606, jstor We must not obscure the issue by characterizing this type of case as the sacrifice AND consideration of conduct, one's own subjective concerns do not have overriding importance.
Trade liberalizations like the plan are critical to decrease poverty—prefer our studies Mishkin 6 – PhD in Economics, Professor of Economics @ Columbia (Frederic, “The Next Great Globalization: How Disadvantaged Nations Can Harness Their Financial Systems to Get Rich,” Ch 1) Have the participants in this new Age of Globalization experienced the good economic outcomes and AND of trade in goods and services are not a controversial subject among economists.
Marked
Polls of economists indicate that one of the few things they agree on is that the globalization of international trade, in which markets are opened to flows of foreign goods and services, is desirable.35 (Globalization of trade is, however, controversial among the general public and more will be said about it in Chapters 8 and 12.) Financial globalization, opening markets to flows of foreign capital, is, however, highly controversial even among economists.
Cubans want the embargo lifted because it’s THE primary example of imperial capitalism Edmonds 12 – Kevin Edmonds, writer for the NACLA, focusing on the Caribbean. (“Despite Global Opposition, United States Votes to Continue Cuban Embargo”, North American Congress on Latin America, November 15, 2012, https://nacla.org/blog/2012/11/15/despite-global-opposition-united-states-votes-continue-cuban-embargo, accessed: 7/4/13, LR)
In many ways, the ongoing Cuban embargo is one of the most symbolic policies of U.S. imperial control in the Americas. That said, the impact is much more than merely symbolic for the Cuban people, as according to Cuban Foreign Minister Bruno Rodriguez, the embargo is “an act of aggression and a permanent danger to the stability of the nation.”
Peak oil theory wrong—six reasons Hossein-zadeh 8 – Professor of Economics, Drake (Ismael, 6/25, Are they really oil wars?, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Global_Economy/JF25Dj05.html) Peak Oil theory is based on a number of assumptions and omissions that make it AND renewed US military threat against Iran, fuel prices move up several notches.
11/2/13
2AC China SOI DA
Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: St Marks GP | Judge: Non unique – Mexico is too close to the US Chunsi, ’13 ~2013, Wu ChunSi is Senior Fellow Institute for International Strategic Studies Executive Director Center for American Studies Member, "US-Mexico-China Relations in the Context of Regional Cooperation", http://en.siis.org.cn/index.php?m=content26c=index26a=show26catid=1526id=87~~ On the basis of above analyses, we see three important features in China- AND short side in the trilateral relations among the US, Mexico and China.
US-Mexico Trade Now Presidency of the Republic, 7-15 ~7/15/13, Staff for the President of Mexico, "Annual Trade between Mexico and the USA Totals US24500 Billion", http://www.mexidata.info/id3663.html~~ Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto declared that annual trade between Mexico and the United States AND , noting that Mexico is the only emerging economy currently promoting structural changes.
China influence in Latin America won’t hurt relations Cerna, ’11 ~4/15/11, Michael Cerna is a graduate student in International Policy Management at Kennesaw State University, "China’s Growing Presence in Latin America: Implications for U.S. and Chinese Presence in the Region", http://www.chinacenter.net/chinas-growing-presence-in-latin-america-implications-for-u-s-and-chinese-presence-in-the-region/~~ With both the U.S. and China making gains in the region in AND best measures the continued hegemony of the U.S. versus China.
Chinese Present in Latin America causes cyberattacks Ellis, ’13 ~6/6/13, R. Evan Ellis is an Assistant Professor of National Security Studies in the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies at the National Defense University and Associate with Booz Allen Hamilton, Inc., with an emphasis on Latin American security issues, PhD in Political Science, "China’s New Backyard: Does Washington realize how deeply Beijing has planted a flag?", http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/06/06/china_s_new_backyard_latin_america~~ The challenge to Washington from China’s presence in the region also extends beyond economics and AND represent potential assets in a global asymmetric warfare campaign against the United States.
Cyber-vulnerability causes great power nuclear war Fritz 9 Researcher for International Commission on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament ~Jason, researcher for International Commission on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament, former Army officer and consultant, and has a master of international relations at Bond University, "Hacking Nuclear Command and Control," July, http://www.icnnd.org/latest/research/Jason_Fritz_Hacking_NC2.pdf-http://www.icnnd.org/latest/research/Jason_Fritz_Hacking_NC2.pdf~~ This paper will analyse the threat of cyber terrorism in regard to nuclear weapons. AND its own, without the need for compromising command and control centres directly.
Balance of power in Southeast Asia checks war. Liselotte Odgard 01, Assistant professor of political science, U of Aarhus, Denmark, Contemporary Southeast Asia, August 2001, p292
The balance of power between China, Southeast Asia, and the United States promotes AND to allow for the development of stronger co-operative ties with China.
3. No risk of military conflict – Accessibility. Christopher C. Joyner 1998, Professor of International Law, Georgetown U, New England Law Review, spring, p836-7
Nevertheless, several factors suggest the unlikelihood of large-scale military conflict over the AND permit greater opportunities for confidence building measures to be considered as alternative energies.
China doesn’t know how to use soft power Nye, ’13 ~4/29/13, Joseph S. Nye is Dean of the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, "What China and Russia Don’t Get About Soft Power", http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/04/29/what_china_and_russia_don_t_get_about_soft_power?page=full~~ In his new book, China Goes Global, George Washington University’s David Shambaugh shows AND their civil societies. Unfortunately, that is not about to happen soon.
No Link Ruiz, 8 – Cuban Democracy Advocate (Hector, "CONSEQUENCES OF U.S. RESTRICTIONS ON CUBAN-AMERICAN TRAVEL", Congressional Testimony, September 18, 2008, lexis)eek Instead, China has chosen to exercise soft power in the region. Two channels AND the region because trade and diplomacy need not be zero-sum games.
Non unique – No China – Mexico Relations Chunsi, ’13 ~2013, Wu ChunSi is Senior Fellow Institute for International Strategic Studies Executive Director Center for American Studies Member, "US-Mexico-China Relations in the Context of Regional Cooperation", http://en.siis.org.cn/index.php?m=content26c=index26a=show26catid=1526id=87~~ On the basis of above analyses, we see three important features in China- AND short side in the trilateral relations among the US, Mexico and China.
10/4/13
2AC Cites
Tournament: Wake | Round: 2 | Opponent: | Judge: 2AC Cites for most common 2ACs will be posted i.e politics, T QPQ, Neolib. others will be posted upon request
The plan is key to clean tech Sarukhan 12 (Arturo Sarukhan is a distinguished affiliate in the Foreign Policyand Metropolitan Policy programs at Brookings. He focuses on hemispheric issues, Mexico-U.S. relations, immigration policy, new security threats, and the role of cities in the 21st Century. He is chairman of Global Solutions/A Podesta Company, a global strategic consulting and risk assessment firm. The grandson and son of conflict refugees in Mexico, he served as a career diplomat in the Mexican Foreign Service for 20 years and received the rank of career ambassador in 2006, February 2012, http://www.americanambassadors.org/publications/ambassadors-review/spring-2012/mexico-and-the-united-states-a-strategic-relationship)//moxley The fourth driver of our bilateral agenda is how we address energy security and energy AND in which both countries can come together in the development of clean fuel.
Warming is the only existential risk Deibel ’07—Prof IR @ National War College (Terry, "Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft," Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today) Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as AND United States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet
10/4/13
2AC Clean TechRenewables DA
Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: St Marks GP | Judge: Relations solve Renewable energy Wood 10 ~May 2010, Duncan Wood is the Director of the Mexico Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. For 17 years, Dr. Wood was a professor and the director of the International Relations Program at the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM) in Mexico City. He also held the role of researcher at the Centro de Derecho Económico Internacional (CDEI) at ITAM, "Environment, Development and Growth: U.S.-Mexico Cooperation in Renewable Energies", http://www.statealliancepartnership.org/resources_files/USMexico_Cooperation_Renewable_Energies.pdf~~ Further, this report argues that one of the factors that currently prevent the realization AND renewable energy sector holds enormous potential to contribute even more in the future.
No impact – warming will take centuries and adaptation solves Mendelsohn 9 – Robert O. Mendelsohn 9, the Edwin Weyerhaeuser Davis Professor, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, June 2009, "Climate Change and Economic Growth," online: http://www.growthcommission.org/storage/cgdev/documents/gcwp060web.pdf These statements are largely alarmist and misleading. Although climate change is a serious problem AND range climate risks. What is needed are long?run balanced responses.
The plan is key to clean technology Sarukhan 12 (Arturo Sarukhan is a distinguished affiliate in the Foreign Policyand Metropolitan Policy programs at Brookings. He focuses on hemispheric issues, Mexico-U.S. relations, immigration policy, new security threats, and the role of cities in the 21st Century. He is chairman of Global Solutions/A Podesta Company, a global strategic consulting and risk assessment firm. The grandson and son of conflict refugees in Mexico, he served as a career diplomat in the Mexican Foreign Service for 20 years and received the rank of career ambassador in 2006, February 2012, http://www.americanambassadors.org/publications/ambassadors-review/spring-2012/mexico-and-the-united-states-a-strategic-relationship)//moxley The fourth driver of our bilateral agenda is how we address energy security and energy AND in which both countries can come together in the development of clean fuel.
Tournament: Blake | Round: 1 | Opponent: New Trier OW | Judge: The 1ac is a positive vision for the future that inspires hope – this is key to activism Sandman and Valenti, 86 Peter M. Sandman, Professor of Human Ecology at Rutgers University, and JoAnn M. Valenti, Associate Chair of the Department of Communications at Brigham Young University, 1986, “Scared stiff — or scared into action,” Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, January, Available Online at http://www.psandman.com/articles/scarstif.htm, Accessed 10-16-2004 “The main obstacle to action,” writes Frank, “is neither apathy AND measure their efficacy. Constructing it should be a top-priority task.
Public debate about preventing future catastrophe corrects the flaws in our system Kurasawa, 2004 (Fuyuki. “Cautionary Tales: The Global Culture of Prevention and the Work of Foresight.” Constellations, Vol. 11 No 4.) Rather than bemoaning the contemporary preeminence of a dystopian imaginary, I am claiming that AND ,’ as well as fostering public participation in debates about the future.
Debate over preventing catastrophe solve – enables states to take the best action for the future Kurasawa, 2004 (Fuyuki. “Cautionary Tales: The Global Culture of Prevention and the Work of Foresight.” Constellations, Vol. 11 No 4.) My contention is that civic associations are engaging in dialogical, public, and transnational AND a position to ‘move up’ and become institutionalized via strong publics.7
Discursive focus is bad – ignores real political consequences and abandons political action. Taft-Kaufman ’95 - Jill (Professor of Speech at CMU); “Other Ways”; Southern Communication Journal; Spring; Vol. 60, No. 3 The postmodern passwords of "polyvocality," "Otherness," and "difference," unsupported AND political agendas, institutions, agencies, and the budgets that fuel them.
12/20/13
2AC Death Cult
Tournament: Blake | Round: 1 | Opponent: New Trier OW | Judge: The 1ac is a positive vision for the future that inspires hope – this is key to activism Sandman and Valenti, 86 Peter M. Sandman, Professor of Human Ecology at Rutgers University, and JoAnn M. Valenti, Associate Chair of the Department of Communications at Brigham Young University, 1986, “Scared stiff — or scared into action,” Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, January, Available Online at http://www.psandman.com/articles/scarstif.htm, Accessed 10-16-2004 “The main obstacle to action,” writes Frank, “is neither apathy AND measure their efficacy. Constructing it should be a top-priority task.
Public debate about preventing future catastrophe corrects the flaws in our system Kurasawa, 2004 (Fuyuki. “Cautionary Tales: The Global Culture of Prevention and the Work of Foresight.” Constellations, Vol. 11 No 4.) Rather than bemoaning the contemporary preeminence of a dystopian imaginary, I am claiming that AND ,’ as well as fostering public participation in debates about the future.
Debate over preventing catastrophe solve – enables states to take the best action for the future Kurasawa, 2004 (Fuyuki. “Cautionary Tales: The Global Culture of Prevention and the Work of Foresight.” Constellations, Vol. 11 No 4.) My contention is that civic associations are engaging in dialogical, public, and transnational AND a position to ‘move up’ and become institutionalized via strong publics.7
Discursive focus is bad – ignores real political consequences and abandons political action. Taft-Kaufman ’95 - Jill (Professor of Speech at CMU); “Other Ways”; Southern Communication Journal; Spring; Vol. 60, No. 3 The postmodern passwords of "polyvocality," "Otherness," and "difference," unsupported AND political agendas, institutions, agencies, and the budgets that fuel them.
Won’t Pass and Link turn- GOP wants Debt Ceiling Raised in exchange for more drilling Klein and Soltas, 9/26 ~September 26th 2013, Ezra Klein and Evan Soltas, "Wonkbook: The House’s debt-ceiling bill is…wow", http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/09/26/wonkbook-the-houses-debt-ceiling-bill-is-wow/~~ John Boehner isn’t even trying to pretend his House of Representatives is a sane place AND , Boehner either can’t stop them, or he’s too exhausted to try.
We’ll hit it – negotiating postures. Strong 9-27 Jonathan, The GOP Thinks Obama Is Bluffing, National Review, http://www.nationalreview.com/node/359696/print House Republicans are heading into a showdown with Obama over the debt ceiling, convinced AND right flank of Speaker John Boehner’s conference for not containing enough spending cuts.
Energy policy is an olive branch – key to debt ceiling. Polcap is not effective Grant 1-20 ~1/20/13, David Grant is the Christian Science Monitor’s congressional correspondent in Washington, D.C. where he covers Capitol Hill, "Obama’s second term: Can he work with Congress?", http://www.csmonitor.com/layout/set/print/USA/DC-Decoder/2013/0120/Obama-s-second-term-Can-he-work-with-Congress-video~~ While Mr. Obama came to Washington promising to change it, he spent much AND have plenty of GOP support – but that remains a large "if."
Oil lobbies key to fiscal fights Left of Legal ’11 ~4/12/11, Writer for FDL a political blog, "Republicans and the Oil Price Cake", http://my.firedoglake.com/leftoflegal/2011/04/12/republicans-and-the-oil-price-cake/~~ So, then, why is it that Republicans fight tooth and nail for any AND what is ultimately best for America. It haseverything to do with money:
No Link- Plan was already passed in the house not an executive agreement- means only risk of turn
Turn Winner’s win A. Second term battles cause bandwagoning Hirsh ’2-7 ~2/7/13, Michael Hirsh is chief correspondent for National Journal; citing Ornstein, a political scientist and scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and Bensel, gov’t prof at Cornell, "There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital", www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207-http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207~~ But the abrupt emergence of the immigration and gun-control issues illustrates how suddenly AND change positions to get on the winning side. It’s a bandwagon effect."
B. Overloading – Increasing the size of the agenda makes items more likely to pass Cohn ’9 ~3/11/09, Jonathon Cohn, The New Republic, "The Case for Presidential Multi-Tasking", http://blogs.tnr.com/tnr/blogs/the_treatment/archive/2009/03/11/the-case-for-presidential-multi-tasking.aspx~~ My friend William Galston is not the only writer/pundit urging President Obama to AND that just won a landslide presidential election while building up huge congressional majorities.
PC Fails and is Low— only risk of a link turn Koring 9-16 ~9/16/13, Paul Koring is a Canadian journalist and foreign correspondent for The Globe and Mail. He is currently posted to the Washington Bureau as the paper’s foreign affairs and international security correspondent. "Obama faces fall showdown with Congress’", http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/obama-faces-fall-showdown-with-congress/article14329090/~~ In turn, despite the President’s impressive oratory, he may be wearing out his AND fiscal cliff to drive a stake into the President’s health-care program.
Tournament: Georgetown | Round: Doubles | Opponent: GBN | Judge: Drug Trafficking causes extinction through ecological destruction Dreyfus, ’2 ~8/5/02, Pablo Gabriel Dreyfus is Arms control expert PhD from the Institut Universitaire De Hautes Etudes Internationale, "Border Spillover: Drug Trafficking and National Security in South America", http://doc.rero.ch/record/2861/files/DreyfusP-these.pdf-http://doc.rero.ch/record/2861/files/DreyfusP-these.pdf~~ Ecological threats: Ecological threats harm the biosphere, which is the essential support system on which all human enterprises depend.134 Ecological threats stemming from drug trafficking AND if it is outside of the region under analysis—is an example).
10/4/13
2AC Framework
Tournament: Blake | Round: 5 | Opponent: St Paul Central BF | Judge: Devane Murphy 2AC F/W
Framework is controlled by white supremacists – reject it Shaw, ’04 Katharine, Associate Professor of Urban Studies at Ohio State Using Feminist Critical Policy Analysis in the Realm of Higher Education: The Case of Welfare Reform as Gendered Educational Policy Source: The Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 75, No. 1, Special Issue: Questions of Research and Methodology, (Jan. - Feb., 2004), pp. 56-79 The methods and theoretical frameworks that dominate current policy analysis have been developed and implemented AND tied to prevailing relations of power" (1997a, p. 3).
THE AFFIRMATIVE’S ADVOCACY IS ECONOMIC ENGAGEMENT TOWARD MEXICO CARLSON Reporter @ THE INTERNATIONAL 2k13 Sarah-; “Mexico’s Future Shrouded by Ongoing Drug War: Will Nieto’s Policies Prevail; February 11; http://www.theinternational.org/articles/336-mexicos-future-shrouded-by-drug-ongoing As drug wars continue to ravage Mexico, President Enrique Peña Nieto signed The General Victims Act on January 9, 2013 that will trace and compensate innocent victims of the “War on Drugs”. The bill was approved by Congress in April 2012 under the Calderón administration, though implementation was delayed due to objections by former president Felipe Calderón that the bill was too vague, presenting the possibility of it being unconstitutional and difficult to implement. Calderón’s veto registered criticism from human rights activists who rallied for victim recognitions and reparations. The bill, which remains unchanged, was signed by Nieto with assurances that the contents would be specified to remove vagueness before implementation, but Nieto insisted that putting the law on the books was imperative. The law consists of a fund intended to allocate up to $70,000 per victim to family members. With an estimated 70,000 drug war victims, the law is a multimillion dollar commitment. Of the 70,000 victims, approximately 9,000 are unidentified bodies, making victim compensation that much more difficult. Also included are provisions for the creation of a victim database, so that more accurate records may be established. Yet while The General Victims Law is widely supported by human rights groups, problems remain and the law fails to establish any new mechanisms for fighting the drug cartels. Instead, the law is yet another reminder that the long-waged “War on Drugs” persists, and continues to be a resource drain on both the Mexican and American governments.
Resolved includes debaters as agents OED, 1989 “Of persons: determined”
Should means criticism, not a mandate. Oxford, ‘5 Aug 16, 2005; http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/should? Definition of should in English should Pronunciation: /??d/ verb (3rd sing AND ) used to give advice: I should hold out if I were you
Debate is not policymaking – We must challenge whiteness Dr. Crenshaw ‘97 Prof of Speech Comm @ Univ. Ala. Carrie-PhD. USC; former director of debate @ Univ. of Ala.; WESTERN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION; Resisting Whiteness’ Rhetorical Silence; 61(3), Summer; pp. 253-278.
Because discursive constructions of whiteness are typically un-marked and unnamed in personal, AND criticism is an appropri-ate avenue for analyzing interactions like this one.
C/I We should have a discussion of the topic. One that allows us to examine the history of how nations are MADE and UNMADE, one that invites an ACTIVE and CRITICAL EXAMINATION of the world and the increasing concerns with RACISM, equality and the plurality of identities. This allows genuine DISCUSSION, STUDY and LEARNING. History as the site of political struggle means POWER, PROCESSES and PRACTICES reproduce INCLUSIONS and EXCLUSIONS from SINGULAR, FIXED and STATIC notions of history. The USFG remains UNQUESTIONED reproducing the MYTHS of nation that basis of RACISM. Equality and Pluralism means there is no UNIFIED construction of knowledge only CONTESTED subjects of often contradictory voices and experiences. TROFANENKO Research Chair in Education, Culture and Community @ Acadia University 2k5 Brenda-; On Defense of the Nation; THE SOCIAL STUDIES, 96.5 (2005): 193+; http://go.galegroup.com.proxy.binghamton.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE7CA139957613andv=2.1andu=bingulandit=randp=AONEandsw=w Toward a More Global Sense of the Nation Knowing how history is a site of political struggle, how we engage with social AND how that element has been, and remains, useful at specific times. My hope is to extend the current critique of history within social studies, AND but rather an opportunity for genuine productive study, discussion, and learning.
You do not need to be part of the KKK in order to know about it. We can still make political change just like the Leaders of a Beautiful Struggle Polson ’12 2012, Dana Roe Polson is a Co-Director, teacher, and founder of ConneXions Community Leadership Academy, ““Longing for Theory:” Performance Debate in Action”, http://gradworks.umi.com/3516242.pdf I think that the talented tenth is actually the wrong metaphor for leadership in the AND and meetings not only to help out but as a form of leadership training
AT Limits/Ground
Fairness and predictability are not neutral or objective but rather shot through with biases produced by dominant power relations. Delgado, ‘92 (Richard, Law Prof at U. of Colorado, 1992 Richard, “Shadowboxing: An Essay On Power,” In Cornell Law Review, May) We have cleverly built power's view of the appropriate standard of conduct into the very AND acts. 59 A nice trick if you can get away with it.
12/26/13
2AC Heg Bad
Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: St Marks GP | Judge: US engagement and reintervention are inevitable—-it’s only a question of making it effective—-the plan prevents failed engagement that triggers their turns Kagan, ’11 (Robert, contributing editor to The Weekly Standard and a senior fellow in foreign policy at the Brookings Institution. "The Price of Power". The Weekly Standard, Jan 24, 2011, Vol. 16, No. 18. http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/price-power_533696.html?page=3) In theory, the United States could refrain from intervening abroad. But, in AND likely, however, it would simply prevent a president from intervening effectively.
This, after all, was the experience of the Bush administration in Iraq AND in the kind of international system that American power has built and defended.
9/21/13
2AC Immigration Reform DA - UMich
Tournament: UMich | Round: 3 | Opponent: UC Lab DL | Judge: Elyse Conklin Politics Science diplomacy fails – political motivates corrupt its effectiveness. David Dickson, SciDev, “The limits of science diplomacy,” 6/4/2009, http://www.scidev.net/en/editorials/the-limits-of-science-diplomacy.html
But — as emerged from a meeting entitled New Frontiers in Science Diplomacy, held AND substitute politics (or perhaps more worryingly, vice versa), is dangerous.
Won’t Pass and PC isn’t key – Elections Sullivan 10-28 10/28/13, Sean Sullivan is a reporter for The Olympian. “Why Obama is racing the clock on immigration”, http://www.theolympian.com/2013/10/28/2797321/why-obama-is-racing-the-clock.html Politically speaking, the president is right. The longer the immigration debate drags on AND day that goes by makes it increasingly difficult to pass new immigration laws.
Congressman Bobby Rush is trying to lift trade restrictions on Cuba. He reintroduced legislation to lift the embargo, travel, and parcel restrictions, normalize trade relations, and it would take Cuba off of the State Sponsors of Terrorism list.
the plan breaks the cuba lobby and allows agenda items LeoGrande 13—professor in the department of government at American University's School of Public Affairs in Washington, D.C. and a specialist in Latin American politics and U.S. foreign policy toward Latin America, Professor LeoGrande has been a frequent adviser to government and private sector agencies. Council on Foreign Relations International Affairs Fellow, and a Pew Faculty Fellow in International Affairs. Dean LeoGrande holds a B.A., an M.A., and a Ph.D, all from Syracuse University.(William, “The Cuba Lobby”, April 11, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/04/11/the_cuba_lobby_jay_z, chm) The irrationality of U.S. policy does not stem just from concerns about AND checkered legacy. Will Barack Obama have the courage to go to Havana?
Nomination Vote Pounds the DA Hopkins and Benson 10-31 10/31/13, Cheyenne Hopkins and Clea Benson are reporters for Bloomberg. “U.S. Senate Republicans Block Nomination of Mel Watt to Head FHFA”, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-31/u-s-senate-republicans-block-nomination-of-mel-watt-to-head-fhfa.html U.S. Senate Republicans today dealt a blow to President Barack Obama’s efforts AND at the White House and asked for their help finding the needed votes.
Political Capital theory is false – congressional factors determine legislative success Andres, ’10 Gary Andres, prominent conservative columnist, industry lobbyist and former White House aide for the Bush Administration, July 22, 2010, “Obama and Legislative Power”, http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/obama-and-legislative-power?page=2,SM The news media hailed President Obama’s victory on the Wall Street reform bill signed into AND from now, no one is going to be making analogies to LBJ.
US Production rise inevitable- will become net exporter Arsenault 8-31 ~8/31/13, Chris Arsenault is a reporter for Al Jazeera and was a reporter with Inter Press Service news agency. He has also reported for CBC radio, the Halifax Chronicle Herald and dozens of magazines. His work focuses on North and South America, geopolitics, energy markets and social movements. Educated in Canada, he holds a BA in history and economics from Dalhousie University and an MA in history from the University of British Columbia, where he was awarded the 2008/09 Phil Lind Fellowship. In 2012, he held the Wolfson Press Fellowship at Cambridge University. Arsenault has been a guest lecturer the University of Toronto, Queen’s University, York University, Laurentian, Saint Mary’s University and the Universidad Anáhuac in Mexico City. His first book is titled Blowback: A Canadian History of Agent Orange and the War at Home. "US could reclaim role as net energy exporter", http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/08/2013831142514713250.html~~ In changes that would have been unthinkable just five years ago, the US is AND according to a November 2012 report from the International Energy Agency (IEA).
Oil not key – consensus of experts Bondar and Reznikova 11 ~writers for RBC Daily ~Russia~, 2011, Natalia and Anna, "Oil Out of Favor," RBC daily, No.194, Lexis~ The weak GDP growth in the first half-year and the low level of AND 2011, agrees Igor Nikolaev, Director of Strategic Analysis at FBK Company.
Tournament: Blake | Round: 1 | Opponent: New Trier OW | Judge: The Embargo is Tainted in White Supremacy and Imperialist Ideology Dyson ’04 2004, Michael Eric Dyson is an American academic, author, and radio host. He is a professor of sociology at Georgetown University. “The Michael Eric Dyson Reader, book Related to that, let's talk about in particular a place you just came from AND of the poor, and government rooted in historical memory and national pride.
Alternative alone can’t solve – focus on tactics and strategy key Saloom JD UGA, 6 Rachel, JD Univ of Georgia School of Law and M.A. in Middle Eastern Studies from U of Chicago, Fall 2006, A Feminist Inquiry into International Law and International Relations, 12 Roger Williams U. L. Rev. 159, Lexis Because patriarchy is embedded within society, it is no surprise that the theory and AND question women's ability to speak up, challenge, and change the system.
Abdication of legal reformism makes concrete challenges to material barriers to feminism impossible Crawford, 07 1-1-2007 Toward a Third-Wave Feminist Legal Theory: Young Women, Pornography and the Praxis of Pleasure Bridget J. Crawford Pace University School of Law, bcrawford@law.pace.edu CONCLUSION In spite of third-wave feminism’s appeal, at this point in its AND young women to develop laws that enhance women’s autonomy and well-being.
While gender has a large impact – it isn’t monolithic, nor unified Hooper 1 Charlotte (University of Bristol research associate in politics), Manly States: Masculinities, International Relations, and Gender Politics pp 45-46.
Spike Peterson and Anne Sisson Runyan (1993), in their discussion of gendered dichotomies AND it as performing only an ideological or propagandistic role is also too simplistic.
Evaluate consequences – allowing violence for the sake of moral purity is evil Isaac 2 (Jeffrey C., Professor of Political Science – Indiana-Bloomington, Director – Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life, Ph.D. – Yale, Dissent Magazine, 49(2), “Ends, Means, and Politics”, Spring, Proquest) As writers such as Niccolo Machiavelli, Max Weber, Reinhold Niebuhr, and Hannah AND not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness.
Proves that the 1nc’s Ray evidence denies complex and interpersonal relationships Crenshaw, PhD, 2 Carrie, PhD, Perspectives In Controversy: Selected Articles from CAD, Scholar Feminism is not dead. It is alive and well in intercollegiate debate. AND does not discount the importance of feminists to individual or societal consciousness raising.
12/20/13
2AC Lesbian Separatism
Tournament: Blake | Round: 1 | Opponent: New Trier OW | Judge: The Embargo is Tainted in White Supremacy and Imperialist Ideology Dyson ’04 2004, Michael Eric Dyson is an American academic, author, and radio host. He is a professor of sociology at Georgetown University. “The Michael Eric Dyson Reader, book Related to that, let's talk about in particular a place you just came from AND of the poor, and government rooted in historical memory and national pride.
Alternative alone can’t solve – focus on tactics and strategy key Saloom JD UGA, 6 Rachel, JD Univ of Georgia School of Law and M.A. in Middle Eastern Studies from U of Chicago, Fall 2006, A Feminist Inquiry into International Law and International Relations, 12 Roger Williams U. L. Rev. 159, Lexis Because patriarchy is embedded within society, it is no surprise that the theory and AND question women's ability to speak up, challenge, and change the system.
Abdication of legal reformism makes concrete challenges to material barriers to feminism impossible Crawford, 07 1-1-2007 Toward a Third-Wave Feminist Legal Theory: Young Women, Pornography and the Praxis of Pleasure Bridget J. Crawford Pace University School of Law, bcrawford@law.pace.edu CONCLUSION In spite of third-wave feminism’s appeal, at this point in its AND young women to develop laws that enhance women’s autonomy and well-being.
While gender has a large impact – it isn’t monolithic, nor unified Hooper 1 Charlotte (University of Bristol research associate in politics), Manly States: Masculinities, International Relations, and Gender Politics pp 45-46.
Spike Peterson and Anne Sisson Runyan (1993), in their discussion of gendered dichotomies AND it as performing only an ideological or propagandistic role is also too simplistic.
Evaluate consequences – allowing violence for the sake of moral purity is evil Isaac 2 (Jeffrey C., Professor of Political Science – Indiana-Bloomington, Director – Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life, Ph.D. – Yale, Dissent Magazine, 49(2), “Ends, Means, and Politics”, Spring, Proquest) As writers such as Niccolo Machiavelli, Max Weber, Reinhold Niebuhr, and Hannah AND not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness.
Proves that the 1nc’s Ray evidence denies complex and interpersonal relationships Crenshaw, PhD, 2 Carrie, PhD, Perspectives In Controversy: Selected Articles from CAD, Scholar Feminism is not dead. It is alive and well in intercollegiate debate. AND does not discount the importance of feminists to individual or societal consciousness raising.
Momentum has been lost for Reforms Webber 9-2 ~9/2/13, Jude Webber is the Financial Times correspondent in Mexico City, "Peña Nieto promises to transform Mexico despite protests", http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/17911370-13fe-11e3-b0b4-00144feabdc0.html~~23axzz2eBJdbZf8~~ The president sought to minimise the protests, saying they were from teachers in poverty AND , Elba Esther Gordillo, on embezzlement charges and a key telecoms reform.
Plan Provides momentum for reforms Goldwyn et. al 8-14 ~8/14/13, David L. Goldwyn is president of Goldwyn Global Strategies, LLC, an international energy advisory consultancy, and a nonresident senior fellow with the Energy Security Initiative at the Brookings Institution. David Goldwyn served as the U.S. State Department’s special envoy and coordinator for international energy affairs from 2009-2011, reporting directly to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. In this position, Goldwyn conceived and developed the Global Shale Gas Initiative and the Energy Governance and Capacity Initiative, led ministerial-level energy dialogues with Angola, Canada, China, India, Iraq, Mexico, Nigeria and Brazil, and co-chaired a regional biofuels initiative with Brazil. Neil R. Brown is a Senior Advisor at Goldwyn Global Strategies. Cory R. Gill is an Associate at Goldwyn Global Strategies. "Time to Implement the U.S.-Mexico Transboundary Hydrocarbons Agreement — Congress: Drop the Poison Pill", http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/up-front/posts/2013/08/14-us-mexico-transboundary-hydrocarbon-goldwyn-brown-gill~~ Senior Mexican officials have indicated the transboundary agreement could provide crucial momentum to President Peña AND . Gulf Coast communities vulnerable to negative environmental impacts from Mexican exploration activities."
Plan is key to make Reforms Succesful Musarra 9-16 ~9/16/13, Sarah Parker Musarra is a reporter for OE Digital. "Mexico energy reform seeks to make history by repeating it", http://oedigital.com/technology/item/3993-mexico-energy-reform-seeks-to-make-history-by-repeating-it~~ The Mexican government recognizes that there are many parts that have to fall in place AND lying in wait in the area, as Mexico is already finding out.
Increased Drilling now Dilallo 5-10 ~5/10/13, Matt Dilallo is an energy reporter for the Motley Fool. "Can the Gulf of Mexico Supplant Saudi Arabia?", http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2013/05/10/can-the-gulf-of-mexico-supplant-saudi-arabia.aspx~~ Overall, activity is really starting to pick up in the Gulf. There are AND instead of depending on what’s been shifting sand for the last few decades.
Plan revitalizes shipbuilding industry Mason 2011 (Joseph Mason, Senior Fellow, The Wharton School, Louisiana State University Endowed Chair of Banking and nationally-renowned economist, April 6, 2011, House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources Hearing; Fisheries, Wildlife, Oceans and Insular Affairs Legislative Hearing on H.R. 306, H.R. 588, S. 266 and H.R. 285, Lexis) Apart from national energy concerns, however, economic considerations also favor increased development of AND billion per year) in new U.S. federal tax income.
Key to naval Effectiveness ICAF 2010 (Industrial College of the Armed Forces Report, CAPT Jose Casados-Ortiz, Mexican Navy Mr. Randall Culpepper, Dept of the Air Force Ms. Rebecca Gonzales, Dept of State¶ Mr. Charles Hall, Dept of the Navy¶ Mr. Bruce Matthews, Dept of State LtCol Kari Mostert, US Air Force¶ CDR Manuel Picon, US Navy¶ Col Robert Ricci, US Air Force¶ Mr. Todd Rollins, Dept of the Navy¶ Mr. James Ruocco, Dept of the Navy Mrs. Patricia Schaefer, Dept of State COL Lisa Schleder-Kirkpatrick, US Army Mr. Patrick Snellings, Dept of the Navy COL Jeffrey Vieira, US Army¶ Dr. Linda Brandt, Faculty¶ CAPT David Meyers, US Navy, Faculty Dr. Mark Montroll, Faculty¶ Dr. Seth Weissman, Faculty, Spring 2010, "Final Report: Shipbuilding Industry," Industrial College of the Armed Forces, http://www.ndu.edu/es/programs/academic/industry/reports/2010/pdf/icaf-is-report-shipbuilding-2010.pdf) There is no debate regarding whether or not America’s shipbuilding industrial base is a critical AND All of these benefits have a single underpinning element – a competitive marketplace.
No Internal Link- We don’t use the western gulf for military training means the plan can’t disrupt it
Naval power resilient – no challengers to overwhelming us Posen 3 (Barry R., Professor of Political Science – Massachusetts Institute of Technology, "Command of the Commons: The Military Foundation of U.S. Hegemony", International Security, 28(1), Ebsco) Command of the commons is the military foundation of U.S. political preeminence AND .S. power to secure additional bases and overflight rights as needed.
10/4/13
2AC Neolib K - Georgetown
Tournament: Georgetown | Round: Octas | Opponent: Berkeley Prep DD | Judge: Unwala, Randall, Day ? The neg must connect their alternative to policy concerns and institutional practices—absent these questions shifts in knowledge production are useless – (governments’ obey institutional logics that exist independently of individuals and constrain decisionmaking ) Wight, ’6 – Professor of IR @ University of Sydney (Colin, Agents, Structures and International Relations: Politics as Ontology, pgs. 48-50 One important aspect of this relational ontology is that these relations constitute our identity as AND upon it, upon its specific characteristics, its constants and its variables’.
The alt doesn’t solve the case – its inevitable and root cause does not mean solvency Jones 11—Owen, Masters at Oxford, named one of the Daily Telegraph’s ’Top 100 Most Influential People on the Left’ for 2011, author of "Chavs: The Demonization of the Working Class", The Independent, UK, "Owen Jones: Protest without politics will change nothing", 2011, www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/owen-jones-protest-without-politics-will-change-nothing-2373612.html My first experience of police kettling was aged 16. It was May Day 2001 AND of revolt, there remains no left to give it direction and purpose.
Pragmatic action is the only way to solve their impacts Bryant 12—professor of philosophy at Collin College (Levi, We’ll Never Do Better Than a Politician: Climate Change and Purity, 5/11/12, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/05/11/well-never-do-better-than-a-politician-climate-change-and-purity/) Somewhere or other Latour makes the remark that we’ll never do better than a politician AND But there’s no other way, there’s no way around this, and we
Neolib shields the environment Plastow 10 (Robert Plastow, University of Exeter, "Neoliberalism in environmental governance: a paradoxical double movement?", http://academia.edu/2703516/Neoliberalism_in_environmental_governance_a_paradoxical_double_movement) Neoliberalism has developed into an extremely strong and dynamic ideology within Western capitalist societies AND conservation, reflecting the power and pervasiveness of its rationality and adoption worldwide.
Open markets are true for Mexico O’Neal ’13 ~2013, Shannon K. O’Neil is a senior fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations (CFR) a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization, "Two Nations Indivisible", it’s a book~ Economic history shows us that trade has been a positive engine for wealth creation. AND has the potential to create a rising economic tide, lifting all boats.
Alternative Causes transition wars Anderson 84 Perry, professor of sociology at UCLA, In the tracks of historical materialism, p.102-103 That background also indicates, however, what is essentially missing from his work. AND —as this work does—is to locate it in thin air.
Prices will inevitably stay high- Middle East Instability Unger 9-4 ~9/4/13, David J. Unger is a staff writer for The Christian Science Monitor, covering energy for the Monitor’s Energy Voices. "Why oil prices will stay high – even without a Syria crisis", http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Energy-Voices/2013/0904/Why-oil-prices-will-stay-high-even-without-a-Syria-crisis~~ The threat is that violence in Syria will spill over to other nations. Even AND have driven demand down, and renewables offer even greater hope for energy independence
Aff has no impact on prices CCPP 10 – Collins Center for Public Policy, April 2010, "Potential Impacts of Oil 26 Gas Explorations in the Gulf," A Report to the Century Commission for a Sustainable Florida, www.mote.org/clientuploads/MPI/offshore oil drilling report_lr.pdf An important distinction to make between oil and natural gas markets is that prices for oil are largely determined through world markets while prices for natural gas are largely determined through regional markets. Even the most optimistic amounts of potential oil production from Florida state submerged lands and/or the Eastern Gulf of Mexico would be inconsequential for world market prices, which are dictated by more than 80 million barrels of oil consumed per day.
No impact on international markets Barnes ’11 Joe Barnes, the Bonner Means Baker Fellow at the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, written extensively on international economics, with a focus on the geopolitics of energy, April 29, 2011, "The Future of Oil in Mexico", http://bakerinstitute.org/publications/EF-pub-BarnesBilateral-04292011.pdf-http://bakerinstitute.org/publications/EF-pub-BarnesBilateral-04292011.pdf. In summary. the slow decline of Mexican oil production, in and of itself AND Pemex’s development into something like Norway’s Statol would mark an important improvement.36
Roleplaying is good – discussions of policy questions as if we were the government are crucial for skills development and change Esberg 26 Sagan 12 *Jane Esberg is special assistant to the director at New York University’s Center on. International Cooperation. She was the winner of 2009 Firestone Medal, AND Scott Sagan is a professor of political science and director of Stanford’s Center for International Security and Cooperation "NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION: Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy," 2/17 The Nonproliferation Review, 19:1, 95-108 These government or quasi-government think tank simulations often provide very similar lessons for AND allies and adversaries, would behave in response to US policy initiatives.7 By university age, students often have a pre-defined view of international affairs AND quickly; simulations teach students how to contextualize and act on information.14
Placing Blackness as oppositional denies it any existence independent of white supremacy and makes identity reliant on oppression Pinn 4 – Macalester College Professor of Religious Studies (Anthony, Dialog: A Journal of Theology, Volume 43, Number 1, Spring 2004, ’’’Black Is, Black Ain’t’’: Victor Anderson, African American Theological Thought, and Identity’, pg.57-58, Wiley online Library)
This connection between ontological blackness and religion is natural because: ’’ontological blackness signifies AND longer needing to surrender personal interests for the sake of monolithic collective status.
By definition ontology is permanent – no reason that the rejection of anti-blackness in civil society solves anything.
All their reasons the state is bad are a reason to vote affirmative—engaging means we know the tactics of the oppressor Williams, ’70 ~1970, Robert F. Williams, interviewed by The Black Scholar, "Interviews,", Vol. 1, No. 7, BLACK REVOLUTION (May 1970), pp. 2-14, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41163455~~ Williams: It is erroneous to think that one can isolate oneself completely from institutions AND people enter the vital organs of the establishment. Infiltrate the man’s institutions.
Oil spill clean-up is racist. Jefferson ’10 ~9/2/10, Cord Jefferson is a writer and editor with publications in National Geographic, USA Today, The Daily Beast, The Huffington Post, The Root, Gawker, "Why Oil SpillsDependence inevitable if not sequestration will trigger Cohen ’12 ~Summer/12, Ariel Cohen is Senior Research Fellow at the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies at the Heritage Foundation, "The Geopolitics of U.S. Energy Independence", http://www.international-economy.com/TIE_Su12_GeopoliticsEnergySymp.pdf~~ The lure of isolationism may appear as the United States is increasingly self-sufficient AND the most crucial geo-economic region of the world, the Gulf. Are a Racial Issue," http://www.theroot.com/blogs/blogging-beltway/why-oil-spill-are-racial-issue-http://www.theroot.com/blogs/blogging-beltway/why-oil-spill-are-racial-issue~~ Less than a month after the closure of the disastrous Deepwater Horizon oil leak in AND mutated it into a racial issue, and it’s likely to happen again.
Strikes Won’t Pass, Obama Will XO them and the Strikes Fail Boyle 9-5 ~9/5/13, Michael Boyle is assistant professor of political science at La Salle University, Philadelphia. Previously, he lectured in international relations at the Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence at the University of St Andrews, Scotland. In 2007 and 2008, Michael was an adviser on the Obama campaign’s counterterrorism expert group. "Obama’s ’pass the buck’ policy on Syria", http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/sep/05/obama-pass-the-buck-policy-syria~~ In this case, however, his decision to turn to Congress for a green AND guaranteed that this attempt to "lead from behind" will be unsuccessful.
UNIQUENESS GUTS THE INTERNAL LINK TO THE DISAD Obama seeking an EXIT STRATEGY for a military strike because he lacks the votes in Congress and public support. He is now considering other options PLANAS staff reporter for the BOSTON HERALD 9/7 Antonio-;"President Open to Ideas as Syria Support Lacking"; BOSTON HERALD; http://bostonherald.com/news_opinion/us_politics/2013/09/president_open_to_ideas_as_syria_support_lacking-http://bostonherald.com/news_opinion/us_politics/2013/09/president_open_to_ideas_as_syria_support_lacking President Obama may be seeking an exit strategy from his plan for a military strike against Syria as he struggles to line up votes in Congress and win the support of a war-weary American public. "He’s reading all of these tea leaves and he’s seeing there is a lack of public support, congressional support and allied support for military intervention," said William Keylor, an international studies professor at Boston University. "He may be considering other options other than just unilateral American intervention."
\ Strike causes oil shocks and kills Russia relations Wintour ’9-5 ~9/5/13, Patrick Wintour is a writer for The Guardian. "Syria crisis: China joins Russia in opposing military strikes," http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/05/syria-china-russia-opposing-military-strikes~~ Chinese intervention comes as leaders gather for G20 summit hosted by Vladimir Putin, who AND red lines requiring a military response if the Syrian government deployed chemical weapons.
Relations Solves war Allison 10/31 ~Graham, Director – Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard’s Kennedy School, and Former Assistant Secretary of Defense, and Robert D. Blackwill, Senior Fellow – Council on Foreign Relations, "10 Reasons Why Russia Still Matters", Politico, 2011, http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=161EF282-72F9-4D48-8B9C-C5B3396CA0E6~~ That central point is that Russia matters a great deal to a U.S AND missiles to Tehran to joining China in preventing U.N. Security Council
Oil Shocks cause great power nuke war Islam Yasin Qasem 7, a doctoral candidate in the Department of Politics and Social Sciences at the University of Pompeu Fabra (UPF) in Barcelona, MA in International Affairs from Columbia, July 9, 2007, "The Coming Warfare of Oil Shortage," online: http://www.opednews.com/articles/opedne_islam_ya_070709_the_coming_warfare_o.htm Recognizing the strategic value of oil for their national interests, superpowers will not hesitate AND the chances of using nuclear weapons in pursues of national interests are high.
Turn – ignoring the Iraq syndrome makes it worse and destroys cred – its is sane and justifiable Larison 9-4 ~9/4/13, Daniel Larison is a senior editor at TAC, where he also keeps a solo blog. He has been published in the New York Times Book Review, Dallas Morning News, Orthodox Life, Front Porch Republic, The American Scene, and Culture11, and is a columnist for The Week. He holds a PhD in history from the University of Chicago, "The Syria Vote and "Iraq Syndrome"", http://www.theamericanconservative.com/larison/the-syria-vote-and-iraq-syndrome/~~ I should add a few comments about "Iraq syndrome," since this is becoming AND even solely in terms of the near-constant use of military force.
This public insolvency makes hegemony ineffective – the US needs a strategy of selective engagement to uphold it’s leadership Kupchan and Trubowitz, ’07 ~Charles A. Kupchan is Professor of International Affairs at Georgetown University and Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations and Peter L. Trubowitz is Associate Professor of Government at the University of Texas at Austin and Senior Fellow at the Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law., "Dead Center" International Security, Vol. 32, No. 2 (Fall 2007), pp. 7–44~ A strategy of judicious retrenchment may not be the preferred course of neoconservative Republicans or AND but also restores the political equilibrium necessary to sustain a coherent national strategy.
9/7/13
2AC Politics DA- Debt Ceiling
Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: St Marks GP | Judge: Won’t pass—-Republicans won’t get on board without repealing Obama Care—-Democrats won’t budge on the issue—-this evidence is future predictive CNN, ’9/18 ~September 18th, 2013, CNN is a major news outlet, "House GOP: defund Obamacare or shut government down", http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/18/politics/obamacare-government-shutdown/index.html-http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/18/politics/obamacare-government-shutdown/index.html~~ Washington (CNN) — House GOP leaders announced their intention Wednesday to pass a AND pressure per se because I agreed we need to do away with Obamacare."
Energy policy is an olive branch – key to debt ceiling. Polcap is not effective Grant 1-20 ~1/20/13, David Grant is the Christian Science Monitor’s congressional correspondent in Washington, D.C. where he covers Capitol Hill, "Obama’s second term: Can he work with Congress?", http://www.csmonitor.com/layout/set/print/USA/DC-Decoder/2013/0120/Obama-s-second-term-Can-he-work-with-Congress-video~~ While Mr. Obama came to Washington promising to change it, he spent much AND have plenty of GOP support – but that remains a large "if."
Turn Winner’s win A. Second term battles cause bandwagoning Hirsh ’2-7 ~2/7/13, Michael Hirsh is chief correspondent for National Journal; citing Ornstein, a political scientist and scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and Bensel, gov’t prof at Cornell, "There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital", www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207-http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207~~ But the abrupt emergence of the immigration and gun-control issues illustrates how suddenly AND change positions to get on the winning side. It’s a bandwagon effect."
B. Overloading – Increasing the size of the agenda makes items more likely to pass Cohn ’9 ~3/11/09, Jonathon Cohn, The New Republic, "The Case for Presidential Multi-Tasking", http://blogs.tnr.com/tnr/blogs/the_treatment/archive/2009/03/11/the-case-for-presidential-multi-tasking.aspx~~ My friend William Galston is not the only writer/pundit urging President Obama to AND that just won a landslide presidential election while building up huge congressional majorities.
2. Fed Nomination Lee et. al 8-13 ~8/13/13, Carol Lee, Peter Nicholas, and Colleen McCain Nelson are White House correspondents for the Wall Street Journal. "Senate Pressure on Fed Pick Irks White House", http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323446404579011190517262538.html~~ Senior Senate officials expect Mr. Obama to announce his Fed chairman nominee in September AND of ~Mr. Obama’s~ second term," Mr. Bayh said.
PC Fails and is Low- The Congress stands divided- only risk of a link turn Koring 9-16 ~9/16/13, Paul Koring is a Canadian journalist and foreign correspondent for The Globe and Mail. He is currently posted to the Washington Bureau as the paper’s foreign affairs and international security correspondent. "Obama faces fall showdown with Congress’", http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/obama-faces-fall-showdown-with-congress/article14329090/~~ In turn, despite the President’s impressive oratory, he may be wearing out his AND fiscal cliff to drive a stake into the President’s health-care program.
Relations Solve Extinction Baker, ’7 ~July 2007, Dr. Biff Baker works with U.S. Northern Command J5/Theater Security Cooperation, retired Joint Specialty Of?cer, Defense Institute of Security Assistance Management graduate, and former Security Assistance Of?cer with the U.S. Embassy in Kuwait, "The United States and Mexico Enhanced Military Cooperation", http://www.disam.dsca.mil/pubs/Vol2029_3/Baker_Biff.pdf~~ Diplomatic relationships between the United States and Mexico have waxed and waned since our close AND foundation of every relationship whether it is between two individuals or two nations.
Relations solves Trade Deficit with China and boosts overall Latin American Relations Montealegre, 1-24 ~1/24/13, Oscar Montealegre is Diplomatic Courier Contributor and a freelancer specializing in Latin American markets, finance, economics, and geopolitics, MA in International Relations from the University of Westminster-London and a Certificate in International Trade and Commerce from UCLA, "U.S.-Mexico Relations: Love Thy Neighbor", http://www.diplomaticourier.com/news/regions/latin-america/1331~~ It is not common knowledge that Mexico is the United States’ third largest trading partner AND political corruption. But don’t India and China have corruption problems as well?
Data proves resolving the deficit solves protectionism Hufbauer et. al, ’10 ~March 2010, Gary Hufbauer is Former Senior Chair at the Council on Foreign Relations, Author of multiple books on international trade, Peterson Institute for International Economics. "US Protectionist Impulses in the Wake of the Great Recession", http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/hufbauer201003.pdf-http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/hufbauer201003.pdf~~ The U.S. unemployment rate more than doubled between the onset of the AND an easy pass on future new instances of U.S. protectionism.
Now, here we are again, at the beginning of what some commentators call AND perhaps longer. But we don’t think the real situation supports these fears.
Our framework is that the alternative should be judged on the efficacy of its response AND useless – governments’ obey institutional logics that exist independently of individuals and constrain decisionmaking Wight – Professor of IR @ University of Sydney – 6 (Colin, Agents, Structures and International Relations: Politics as Ontology, pgs. 48-50 One important aspect of this relational ontology is that these relations constitute our identity as AND upon it, upon its specific characteristics, its constants and its variables’.
Debating about policy towards Latin America is valuable – without it change is impossible and their discourse gets coopted Ried Ijed ’10 ~December/10, Ried Ijed is the Revista interamericana de Educación para la Democracia Interamerican Journal of Education for Democracy, "Towards a Deliberative and Democratic Model of International Cooperation in Education in Latin America", Vol 3 No. 2~ While the discourse of international organizations has changed over the past decade to emphasize more AND required to implement changes and mechanisms that would allow for more democratic participation.
Role of the ballot is political engagement—-in the context of energy it empirically inculcates portable skills that lead to better energy policy – it gives voice to buried arguments and challenges bias and institutional affiliations Mitchell 10 (Gordon R, Associate Professor and Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of Communication at the University of Pittsburgh, where he also directs the William Pitt Debating Union, "SWITCH-SIDE DEBATING MEETS DEMAND-DRIVEN RHETORIC OF SCIENCE", http://www.pitt.edu/~~gordonm/JPubs/Mitchell2010.pdf-http://www.pitt.edu/~gordonm/JPubs/Mitchell2010.pdf) An additional dimension of nuance emerging from this avenue of analysis pertains to the precise AND paradigms of policy planning with situated, contingent judgments informed by reflective deliberation.
The consensus is that open markets have been beneficial for Mexico, this is not that we should go control what they do, but let them choose to engage us for cooperative benefits O’Neal ’13 ~2013, Shannon K. O’Neil is a senior fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations (CFR) a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization, "Two Nations Indivisible", it’s a book~ Economic history shows us that trade has been a positive engine for wealth creation. AND has the potential to create a rising economic tide, lifting all boats.
While its impossible to determine the effects of poverty, trade and engagement has been good for Mexico Giordano and Li 12 ~November 2012, Paolo, PhD in Economics from the Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris, Lead Economist at the Integratoin and Trade Sector of the IADB, and Kun, Research Fellow at IADB, "An Updated Assessment of the Trade and Poverty Nexus in Latin America," pages 375-377, http://www.iadb.org/en/publications/publication-detail,7101.html?id=67029-http://www.iadb.org/en/publications/publication-detail,7101.html?id=67029~ Despite the move towards more open trade regimes, Latin American economies are still relatively AND to overstate the importance of strengthening the capacity of policymaking in this area.
They destroy effective political action – only by embracing modernist truth claims can we avoid relativism and establish a coherent understanding of the world – this is also a disad to the alt Jarvis 2000 ~DSL, lecturer in the Department of Government and International Relations, Faculty of Economics, Politics and Business at the University of Sydney, Australia, ’International Relations and the Challenge of Post Modernism, University of South Carolina Press, pg 189-190~
First, the project of subversive-deconstructive postmodernism can be seen as contrary to AND an intellectual poverty now famed perversely as the search for "thinking space."
A critique I hear often is that deep ecologists want to return to a way AND be made consistent with our growing awareness that the planet is really hurting?
Predictions are feasible and accurate—err aff specificity – positive claim predictions for policy making are good and helpful Chernoff 5 ~Fred, *prof of Political Science @ Colgate, "The Power of International Theory: Reforging the Link to Foreign Policy-Making Through Scientific Inquiry", 169-170~ Over the past century IR developed as a discipline with the primary goal of providing AND is a good or bad thing and what policy initiatives should be pursued.
Case o/w – K can’t access our specific internal links. We have multiple extinction scenarios – Maximizing all lives is the only way to affirm equality Cummiskey ’90 David, Professor of Philosophy, Bates, Kantian Consequentialism, Ethics 100.3, p 601-2, p 606, jstor We must not obscure the issue by characterizing this type of case as the sacrifice AND moral consideration of conduct, one’s own subjective concerns do not have overriding importance
10/4/13
2AC Relations Add-on Bioterror
Tournament: Georgetown | Round: Doubles | Opponent: GBN | Judge: Relations Solves Bioterror Rosales et al, ’11 ~January 2011, Cecilia Rosales is a MD has worked in the health arena for more than 20 years and in public health over 15 years, after serving five years as Director, Office of Border Health for the Arizona Department of Health Services. Dr. Rosales has expertise in program development and implementation, public health administration, policy and health disparities research in the Southwest, "U.S.Mexico cross-border workforce training needs:survey implementation", http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3134923/~~ Abinational border-wide, online assessment on preparedness/emergency response and workforce training AND the four U.S. Border States and two Mexico Border States.
Bioterror leads to extinction Anders Sandberg 8, is a James Martin Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University; Jason G. Matheny, PhD candidate in Health Policy and Management at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and special consultant to the Center for Biosecurity at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Milan M. ?irkovi?, senior research associate at the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade and assistant professor of physics at the University of Novi Sad in Serbia and Montenegro, 9/8/8, "How can we reduce the risk of human extinction?," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction-http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction The risks from anthropogenic hazards appear at present larger than those from natural ones. AND may increase as biotechnologies continue to improve at a rate rivaling Moore’s Law.
10/4/13
2AC Spills Add-on
Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: St Marks GP | Judge: Oil spill clean-up is racist. Jefferson ’10 ~9/2/10, Cord Jefferson is a writer and editor with publications in National Geographic, USA Today, The Daily Beast, The Huffington Post, The Root, Gawker, "Why Oil SpillsDependence inevitable if not sequestration will trigger Cohen ’12 ~Summer/12, Ariel Cohen is Senior Research Fellow at the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies at the Heritage Foundation, "The Geopolitics of U.S. Energy Independence", http://www.international-economy.com/TIE_Su12_GeopoliticsEnergySymp.pdf~~ The lure of isolationism may appear as the United States is increasingly self-sufficient AND the most crucial geo-economic region of the world, the Gulf. Are a Racial Issue," http://www.theroot.com/blogs/blogging-beltway/why-oil-spill-are-racial-issue-http://www.theroot.com/blogs/blogging-beltway/why-oil-spill-are-racial-issue~~ Less than a month after the closure of the disastrous Deepwater Horizon oil leak in AND mutated it into a racial issue, and it’s likely to happen again.
Racism must be rejected in every instance- it’s a Decision Rule MEMMI Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ Unv. Of Paris 2000, Albert-; RACISM, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163-165 The struggle against racism will be long, difficult, without intermission, without remission AND . True, it is a wager, but the stakes are irresistible.
9/21/13
2AC T - Economic Engagment
Tournament: Wake | Round: 3 | Opponent: River Hill DD | Judge: We meet – the plan is economic engagement Jacobson 06/18/13 (U.S. SENATE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS WRITTEN TESTIMONY BY ROBERTA S. JACOBSON, ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE FOR WESTERN HEMISPHERE AFFAIRS BEFORE FOREIGN RELATIONS COMMITTEE WESTERN HEMISPHERE SUBCOMMITTEE, UNITED STATES SENATE, JUNE 18, 2013, http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/texttrans/2013/06/20130618276661.html#axzz2YSwhF7iA)
We have negotiated and signed the U.S.-Mexico Transboundary Hydrocarbons Agreement. AND policy change, as is likely, these changes have the potential to reshape
C/I- Economic engagement is lifting restrictions Haass and O'Sullivan 2K 2008, Richard and Meghan, VP/Director of Foreign Policy Studies + Senior Fellow in the Foreign Policy Studies Program @ Brookings, "Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies," Survival, p. 2-3 Architects of engagement strategies can choose from a wide variety of¶ incentives. Economic AND just some of the possible incentives used in the form of¶ engagement.
9/14/13
2AC Zizek K
Tournament: Blake | Round: 5 | Opponent: St Paul Central BF | Judge: Devane Murphy Perm do both, the K alone fractures essential coalitions to solve anti racist struggles WEST Honorary chair of the Democratic Socialist of America 1988 Cornell-prof @Princeton University, DSA National Politicall Committee and a member of its African American Commission; “Toward a Socialist Theory of Racism”; RACE and ETHNICITY ESERV; http://race.eserver.org/toward-a-theory-of-racism.html (year of publication found on Dr. West’s website: http://www.pragmatism.org/library/west/) Socialism and Antiracism: Two Inseparable Yet Not Identical Goals It should be apparent that AND antiimperialist struggle can help turn the tide. It depends on how well we
A focus on racial identity politics is key – united class struggle fails to address segregated groups within the working class Ross 2000 Marlon B., Professor, Department of English and Carter G. Woodson Institute for African-American and African Studies, “Commentary: Pleasuring Identity, or the Delicious Politics of Belonging,” New Literary History, Vol. 31, No. 4, pages 841-842 Ironically, Ken's conclusion is full of the very identity concepts that he hopes AND , each forged by the other like two faces of an old coin.
Marxist revolutions cannot come to grip with the libidinal economy of White supremacy. Wilderson 2k5 Associate Professor @ UC IRVINE 2k5 Frank-Drama Department at UC Irvine; “Gramsci’s Black Marx: Whither the Slave in Civil Society?;” WE WRITE; January 2(1).
What I am saying is that the insatiability of the slave demand upon existing structures AND the record—which means they contain the seeds of anti-Blackness.
Capitalism is a derivative of slavery. Wilderson 2k5 Associate Professor @ UC IRVINE 2k5 Frank-Drama Department at UC Irvine; “Gramsci’s Black Marx: Whither the Slave in Civil Society?;” WE WRITE; January 2(1). Civil Death in Civil Society Capital was kick-started by the rape of the African continent. This phenomenon AND economy, and its primary target in political economy, the Black body.
Turn - Showing capitalism as a monolith kills the struggle against all power relations Biewener’99 Carole, Professor and Director of Gender/Cultural Studies at Simmons College, (“A Postmodern Encounter: Poststructuralist Feminism and the Decentering of Marxism,” Socialist Review, Volume 27, Issue 1/2, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via ProQuest) Marxism has produced a discourse of Capitalism that ostensibly identifies and defines an object of AND many different social actors may be understood as engaging in struggles over class.
Žižek’s alternative fragments progressive resistance against capitalism and reproduces violence and the oppression they seek to prevent Robinson and Tormey 03, Professors of Politics at Nottingham University (Andrew and Simon, "Žižek is not a Radical," http://homepage.ntlworld.com/simon.tormey/articles/Žižek notradical.pdf) Žižek ’s politics are not merely impossible, but potentially despotic, and also AND to bring the ‘no-where’ into the ‘now-here’.
