Tournament: Meadows | Round: 4 | Opponent: Heritage Hall CC | Judge: Kendra Doty
Text: The United States federal government should implement water preservation measures at the Ogallala aquifer including contour farming, contour strip cropping, and planting fiber strips.

CP solves best for Ogallala aquifer preservation- ensures filtering and best preservation
Guru et al 10 (http://www.kerrcenter.com/publications/ogallala_aquifer.pdf, “The Ogallala Aquifer”)Nuck
Some classic soil conservation/water quality preservation measures include contour farming (which is
AND
to prevent soil erosion and introduction of beneficial insects that eat harmful species.

Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 6 | Opponent: College Prep AG | Judge:
Discursive critiques of terrorism whitewash economic class in determining both the causes of ‘terrorism’ and the ideological backlash to it by the West – prior orthodox Marxist critique solves better
Bayo ’12 Ogunrotifa Ayodeji Bayo, “PUTTING HISTORICAL MATERIALISM INTO TERRORISM STUDIES,” International Journal of Current Research, vol. 4, issue 04, pp. 227-235, April 2012, http://www.journalcra.com/sites/default/files/1859_0.pdf
On the other side of debate is Critical Terrorism Studies (CTS) which seeks
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to occur in the Third world countries than anywhere else in the future. 

You should denounce their simple relationship with violence because the system of capital produces the material reality which makes violence inevitable
Zizek 2008 Slavoj Violence p 11-12
There is an old joke about a husband who returns home earlier than usual from
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sound”—reality doesn’t matter, what matters is the situation of capital...

Vote negative for historical materialism-it provides the ideological backdrop necessary to turn theory into praxis and end capitalist exploitation
Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary's Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness)
Historical materialism has, therefore, a much greater value for the proletariat than that
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with this knowledge, it could act accordingly. 224-225

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 4 | Opponent: Heritage Hall CC | Judge: Kendra Doty
Displacing environmental activism in global terms co-opts movements and ensures policies are crafted to serve the interests of multinational corporations
Shiva, 98 Vandana Shiva (a philosopher, environmental activist, author and eco feminist, “The Geopolitics Reader,” Volume 1 pg. 231-232)
The “global” in the dominant discourse is the political space in which a
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save tropical forests were forest dwellers themselves and farming communities dependent on forests.

The environment always exceeds human meddling—more intervention only worsens the cycle of crisis, guaranteeing ecological extinction- this turns the case.
Luke, 2001 (Educational Philosophy and Theory, Vol. 33, No. 2, 2001 Education, Environment and Sustainability: what are the issues, where to intervene, what must be done? TIMOTHY W. LUKE Department of Political Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA, also he blew up the death star)
Commoner also presents these two worlds as being `at war’ . As humans in
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overlook how resources are misused, risks are avoidable and recreations are mutable.

Vote negative to unravel the 1ac. 

Interrogating the way contemporary environmental policy is bound within market relations best enables more sustainable ethics
Luke, 2001 (Educational Philosophy and Theory, Vol. 33, No. 2, 2001 Education, Environment and Sustainability: what are the issues, where to intervene, what must be done? TIMOTHY W. LUKE Department of Political Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA, also he blew up the death star)
To create a truly more sustainable society, environmental education must unravel the complicated cycles
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as defenders of their local habitats in many corners of today’ s global economy

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 4 | Opponent: Boise High VJ | Judge: Lani Frazer
Framings of racial and gendered violence are rooted in a presupposition of human superiority—extermination of the other becomes possible only in a society which deems the ‘nonhuman’ exterminable with impunity
Deckha ’10 Maneesha Deckha, “It’s time to abandon the idea of ‘human’ rights,” The Scavenger, 12/13/2010, http://www.thescavenger.net/animals/its-time-to-abandon-the-idea-of-human-rights-77234-536.html
While the intersection of race and gender is often acknowledged in understanding the etiology of
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, sex, culture and species that lays the foundation for the violence.

The ethical irresponsibility of speciesism produces constant, unspeakable violence
Kochi and Ordan ‘8 Tarik Kochi and Noam Ordan, “An Argument for the Global Suicide of Humanity,” borderlands, vol. 7 no. 3, 2008, http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol7no3_2008/kochiordan_argument.pdf
Within the picture many paint of humanity, events such as the Holocaust are considered
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moral action re-conceived through this relational or dialectical standpoint in thought.

Text: Vote negative to refuse the speciesist ethic of the 1AC.

The aff’s ethical insufficiency is prior to its consequential benefits. Rejecting speciesism is essential to opening better ways of relating to other beings
Smith ’11 Mick Smith, Against Ecological Sovereignty, University of Minnesota Press: Minneapolis, 2011, p. 44-45
Leaving aside for the moment the question of how far Murdoch’s and Levinas’s understandings might
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to all attempts to enclose the nonhuman in an economy of the Same.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 6 | Opponent: GBN MT | Judge: Rufus Coates-Welsh
Analyses of renewable energy concerned primarily with production lead to serial policy failure borne on the backs of the worst-off.  Cyclical crises are inevitable without critical paradigm shifts in how we think of energy.
Vanderburg ‘8 Willem H. Vanderburg, associate professor in the Department of Civil Engineering for the University of Toronto, “The Most Economic, Socially Viable, and Environmentally Sustainable Alternative Energy,” Bulletin of Science Technology Society, Vol. 28, No. 2, April 2008, p. 98-104, http://www.uk.sagepub.com/chaston/Chaston20Web20readings20chapters201-12/Chapter201220-201220Vanderburg.pdf
Net Energy Availability The proposed approach to developing energy strategies must overcome a fundamental flaw
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a preventive orientation into the knowledge system (Vanderburg, 2005, 2006b).
The false presumption that we can instrumentalize excess is a uniquely reactive logic, culminating in military build-up and nuclear destruction
Stoekl ‘7 (Allan Stoekl, Professor at Penn State, Bataille’s Peak: Energy, Religion, Postsustainability, p. 36-38, 2007, Indiana University Press) aln
The Accursed Share, first published in 1949, has had a colorful history on
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of expenditure in which we, as human animals, should engage.13

Vote negative to sacrifice the 1AC.

Sacrifice discards selfish individualism to form the basis for communities of generosity
Stoekl ‘7 Allan Stoekl, Professor of French and Comparative Literature at Penn State University, Bataille’s Peak: Energy, Religion, and Postsustainability, University of Minnesota Press: Minneapolis, 2007, p. 26-29
Bataille’s science of heterology, in other words, interjects itself against Sade’s all -
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God and Man, goes on to reenergize a moribund and oppressive society.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Dallas Jesuit TW | Judge: Ben Schultz
Their “anti-Western” guilt negates ethics – legitimates non-Western violence and reduces morality to questions of apparent geographic space
Bruckner 1986
(Pascal, maître de conférences at the Institut d’Études Politiques de Paris, and collaborator at the Nouvel Observateur, “Tears of the White Man – Compassion as Contempt”, Ch.1 Page 21)
This political viewpoint makes all morality temporary and even irrelevant in the face of the
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European shores, the greater is its claim to total freedom from condemnation.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Canyon Springs VV | Judge: Andre Washington
CIR will pass- Obama is pushing, acknowledging disagreements
Dann 10-24 (Carrie Dann, NBC News reporter, Obama: 'This is the moment' to get immigration reform done, http://nbcpolitics.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/10/24/21116873-obama-this-is-the-moment-to-get-immigration-reform-done?lite, 10-24-13, anuss)
President Barack Obama tried to refocus attention on the incomplete comprehensive immigration reform push Thursday
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, even as the number of legislative days left in the year dwindles.

Bipartisanship is key to passage of immigration reform
Sanchez 8-12 (Robert Sanchez Staff writer Durbin calls for ‘cooperation’ on immigration reform/ http://www.dailyherald.com/article/20130812/news/708129705, 8-12-13, MT)
Saying the country has "a rare" opportunity to enact sweeping immigration reform,
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, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act, which Durbin helped author.

Bipartisan opposition
José R. Cárdenas 12, Foreign Policy, 11-13-12,
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any U.S. administration would need to re-evaluate the relationship

Immigration is key to cyber security
McLarty ‘9 Thomas F. McLarty III, President Of McLarty Associates, Former White House Chief of Staff and Task Force Co-Chair, question asked by Frank Finelli, the Carlyle Group, “U.S. Immigration Policy: Report of a CFR-Sponsored Independent Task Force,” Council on Foreign Relations, 7/8/2009, http://www.cfr.org/immigration/us-immigration-policy-report-cfr-sponsored-independent-task-force/p19759
We have seen, when you look at the table of the top 20 firms
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going to strengthen, I think, our system, our security needs.

Cyber-strike escalates to nuclear war
Lawson 9 (Sean - assistant professor in the Department of Communication at the University of Utah, Cross-Domain Response to Cyber Attacks and the Threat of Conflict, 5/13, http://www.seanlawson.net/?p=477)
At a time when it seems impossible to avoid the seemingly growing hysteria over the
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lethal agent is regarded with the same or greater seriousness.” 7

Tournament: ASU | Round: 1 | Opponent: St Francis GR | Judge: Desaray Odekirk
Immigration reform will pass-added pressure from the Chamber of Commerce.
Ho 1-8 (Catherine Bloomberg writer, The Washington Post “US Chamber of Commerce to “pull out all stops” on immigration reform” http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/capitalbusiness/us-chamber-to-pull-out-all-stops-to-pass-immigration-reform/2014/01/08/ce7f899c-7883-11e3-af7f-13bf0e9965f6_story.html)
The U.S. Chamber of Commerce will “pull out all stops”
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consumption, which is leading to more business investment and some new hiring.”

Obamas political capital is key to pass immigration reform and regenerate capital
AP 1-7 (“New prospects in 2014 for an immigration overhaul” Associated Press Boston Herald 1/7/2014 http://bostonherald.com/news_opinion/us_politics/2014/01/new_prospects_in_2014_for_an_immigration_overhaul)KG
WASHINGTON — His agenda tattered by last year's confrontations and missteps, President Barack Obama
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of the National Council of La Raza, a leading Latino advocacy group.

Immigration is key to cyber security
McLarty ‘9 Thomas F. McLarty III, President Of McLarty Associates, Former White House Chief of Staff and Task Force Co-Chair, question asked by Frank Finelli, the Carlyle Group, “U.S. Immigration Policy: Report of a CFR-Sponsored Independent Task Force,” Council on Foreign Relations, 7/8/2009, http://www.cfr.org/immigration/us-immigration-policy-report-cfr-sponsored-independent-task-force/p19759
We have seen, when you look at the table of the top 20 firms
AND
going to strengthen, I think, our system, our security needs.

Cyber-strike escalates to nuclear war
Lawson 9 (Sean - assistant professor in the Department of Communication at the University of Utah, Cross-Domain Response to Cyber Attacks and the Threat of Conflict, 5/13, http://www.seanlawson.net/?p=477)
At a time when it seems impossible to avoid the seemingly growing hysteria over the
AND
lethal agent is regarded with the same or greater seriousness.” 7

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Bellarmine NF | Judge: Steven Sanders
Congressional maneuvering can force a vote, even if that fails it strongly pressures GOP action on reform
UPI 2-14 (Obama predicts immigration reform no later than 2017, http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2014/02/14/Obama-predicts-immigration-reform-no-later-than-2017/UPI-83101392360045/#ixzz2tNcqgRmN)
Sen. Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., said Thursday a procedural
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this year -- and could help Democrats looking toward the 2016 presidential elections.

Obama’s leverage is key to pushing CIR and getting Republicans on board
Pace and Espo 2-1 (Julie Pace, David Espo, Associated Press writers, Ahead of elections, GOP wary of immigration issue, http://bostonherald.com/news_opinion/us_politics/2014/02/ahead_of_elections_gop_wary_of_immigration_issue, 2-1-14) aln
President Barack Obama's new declaration that he's open to legal status for many immigrants short
AND
Obama said Friday of an immigration overhaul in a Google Plus Hangout talk.

CIR’s key to future economic competitiveness
Kramer ‘14 (Hilary Kramer, top investment manager, MBA, University of Pennsylvania, 2/11/2014, How Immigration Reform - Or Lack Thereof - Is Hurting Our Economic Competitiveness, http://www.forbes.com/sites/hilarykramer/2014/02/11/how-immigration-reform-or-lack-thereof-is-hurting-our-economic-competitiveness/
With Washington often appearing hopelessly gridlocked, there’s one issue critical to the nation’s economic
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on an issue that members of both parties say is long past due.¶ 

Competitiveness key to primacy and averting great power war
Baru ‘9 Sanjaya Baru, professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School in Singapore, “Geopolitical Implications of the Current Global Financial Crisis,” Strategic Analysis 33:2, March 2009, pp. 163-168
Hence, economic policies and performance do have strategic consequences.2 In the modern
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they will do so once again in today's America remains to be seen.

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 4 | Opponent: Pinecrest BF | Judge: Christine Tsai
Immigration reform passage is most likely now, Boehner has high credibility, and 2014 passage is a key goal for the GOP
Vinik 2-6 (DANNY VINIK, graduated from Duke in 2013 with degrees in economics and public policy. political reporter at Business Insider. If Immigration Reform Is Going To Happen, Now Is The Time¶ FEB. 6, 2014, http://www.businessinsider.com/if-immigration-reform-is-going-to-happen-now-is-the-time-2014-2#ixzz2schq3fXV)
Given that midterm elections are often determined by a party's ability to get out its
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best time and political environment to push legislation. That time is now.

Obama’s leverage is key to pushing CIR and getting Republicans on board
Pace and Espo 2-1 (Julie Pace, David Espo, Associated Press writers, Ahead of elections, GOP wary of immigration issue, http://bostonherald.com/news_opinion/us_politics/2014/02/ahead_of_elections_gop_wary_of_immigration_issue, 2-1-14) aln
President Barack Obama's new declaration that he's open to legal status for many immigrants short
AND
Obama said Friday of an immigration overhaul in a Google Plus Hangout talk.

Immigration is key to cyber security
McLarty ‘9 Thomas F. McLarty III, President Of McLarty Associates, Former White House Chief of Staff and Task Force Co-Chair, question asked by Frank Finelli, the Carlyle Group, “U.S. Immigration Policy: Report of a CFR-Sponsored Independent Task Force,” Council on Foreign Relations, 7/8/2009, http://www.cfr.org/immigration/us-immigration-policy-report-cfr-sponsored-independent-task-force/p19759
We have seen, when you look at the table of the top 20 firms
AND
going to strengthen, I think, our system, our security needs.

Cyber-strike escalates to nuclear war
Lawson 9 (Sean - assistant professor in the Department of Communication at the University of Utah, Cross-Domain Response to Cyber Attacks and the Threat of Conflict, 5/13, http://www.seanlawson.net/?p=477)
At a time when it seems impossible to avoid the seemingly growing hysteria over the
AND
lethal agent is regarded with the same or greater seriousness.” 7

Tournament: Silver and Black | Round: 1 | Opponent: Skyview FR | Judge: Dana Randall
Zapatista politics are commodified and co-opted by capitalism to fuel the worst exercises of totalitarianism – their ontological flattening translates into imperialist politics
Žižek ‘7 Žižek, Slavoj. "Blows against the empire" in: Lacan.com. 2007. http://www.lacan.com/zizblow.htm
The mirror-image of this reliance on Marx is NH's political deadlock. One
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without the aim to organize the conditions in which this power will disappear)?

Tournament: NDCA | Round: 3 | Opponent: Hillcrest RS | Judge: Jon Sharp
CP Text:  The People’s Republic of China should 

Solves the aff, key 2 LA Stability
Mallén, 13 (Patricia covers Latin America for the International Business Times. Patricia holds two BAs from Universidad Complutense de Madrid and an MA in International Reporting from CUNY Graduate School of Journalism. “Latin America Increases Relations With China: What Does That Mean For The US?” June 28 2013, http://www.ibtimes.com/latin-america-increases-relations-china-what-does-mean-us-1317981#)

Though a recent trip to the region by Vice President Joe Biden seems to run
AND
period), and America continues to be the biggest foreign investor in the area

Tournament: NDCA | Round: 3 | Opponent: Hillcrest RS | Judge: Jon Sharp
Trade with Latin American countries translates into growing Chinese influence – but US economic engagement forces a zero-sum tradeoff
Kreps and Flores-Macías ’13 Sarah E. Kreps, Assistant Professor of Government at Cornell University, and Gustavo A. Flores-Macías, Assistant Professor of Government at Cornell University, “No Strings Attached? Evaluating China’s Trade Relations Abroad,” The Diplomat, 5/17/2013, http://thediplomat.com/china-power/no-strings-attached-evaluating-chinas-trade-relations-abroad/
In particular, we find that the more countries in Africa and Latin America trade
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its trade and diplomatic agenda as an important means of projecting influence abroad.

Chinese soft power is essential to resolving pressing international issues
Zhang ’12 Zhang Weiwei, professor of international relations at Fudan University, and a senior research fellow at the Chunqiu Institute, was a senior fellow at the Centre for Asian Studies, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, and a visiting professor at the Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations, “The rise of China's political soft power,” 9/4/2012, http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2012-09/04/content_26421330.htm
As China plays an increasingly significant role in the world, its soft power must
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As the China model improves, it will continue to surprise the world.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Jesuit Dallas FP | Judge: Ian Beier
Debt ceiling will pass- Obama and Boehner cooperation, and Graves bill
Sherman 9-15 (Jake Sherman, covers Congress for Politico, Masters in journalism at Columbia University, House Republican leaders: Debt hike is the better fight, 9-15-13, http://www.politico.com/story/2013/09/house-gop-leadership-wants-debt-hike-focus-96818_Page2.html, anuss)
A government shutdown... in those talks.

Political capital is key
Pace 9-12 (Julie, AP White House correspondent, Syria debate on hold, Obama refocuses on agenda, The Fresno Bee, 9/12/13, http://www.fresnobee.com/2013/09/12/3493538/obama-seeks-to-focus-on-domestic.html)
WASHINGTON — With a... on curbing spending.

Reforming US-Cuba trade laws cause fierce political fights
NY Times 12 (“Easing of Restraints in Cuba Renews Debate on U.S. Embargo”, November 19th, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/20/world/americas/changes-in-cuba-create-support-for-easing-embargo.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0)
And Cuba has... on its people.”

Debt default causes Iran Strikes
Nimmo 6 (Kurt Nimmo, well established political writer, Iran Attack: No Way Back Now, 1-19-06, http://www.propagandamatrix.com/articles/january2006/190106iranatack.htm, anuss)
But none of... prosperity without one.”

Goes nuclear
Primakov ’10 Yevgeny Primakov, President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and member of the editorial board of Russia in Global Affairs, “The Fundamental Conflict,” New Eastern Outlook, 1/2/2010, http://www.journal-neo.com/?q=node/102
The Middle East... such a possibility.

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 4 | Opponent: Boise High VJ | Judge: Lani Frazer
Their ascription of greater structural meaning to the insufferable pain of others are the attempts of bad conscience to internalize and disavow the tragic pain of existence-this ends in a self-hatred.
Deleuze ’83 (Gilles Deleuze, Nietzsche and Philosophy, 2nd ed., 1983, p. 129-130)
Such, at least, is the definition of the first aspect of bad conscience
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is internalised. But who invents and wills the internal meaning of pain?

Vote negative to embrace eternal recurrence of the same

Eternal recurrence is an acceptance that we cannot stop suffering and our attempts to order to cosmos inevitably fail; instead, it affirms that we should not try to change any part of our life, and should embrace the entirety of it, even those parts that lead to pain and suffering.  An acceptance that no change can happen allows us to master our pain.  Trying to change some parts of life or only embracing happy moments of life inevitably recreate hatred of life, meaning the permutation short circuits alt solvency
Kain 7 (Philip J., Professor at Penn State, Nietzsche, Eternal Recurrence, and the Horror of Existence, The Journal of Nietzsche Studies, Issue 33, Spring 2007, pp. 49-63, pmuse aks)
Eternal recurrence, I think we can say, shows us the horror of existence
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goal to try to do so is to enslave yourself to that suffering.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 5 | Opponent: Rowland Hall RF | Judge: Tim Mahoney
The President of the United States of America ought to issue an executive order with a signing statement, via appro-priate administrative agencies, _

An XO can eliminate the embargo
Knowles 2009
(Robert Acting Assistant Professor, New York University School of Law; American Hegemony and the Foreign Affairs Constitution; 41 Ariz. St. L.J. 87; kdf)
Realism is particularly compatible with functional methods of constitutional interpretation. The demands of real-politik
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the practical importance of an executive-centered constitutional foreign affairs framework. n185

Politics is a net benefit
Fleishman 76
Joel Fleishman (Professor of Law and Policy Sciences at Duke University) 1976 Law and Contemporary Problems, Summer p. 38

Several related factors, in particular, make executive orders especially attractive policymaking tools for
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off balance, to reduce its ability to formulate a powerful opposing position.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 6 | Opponent: GBN MT | Judge: Rufus Coates-Welsh
High food prices are here to stay despite minor decreases in the past months
Financial Times 6/18 – global business news organization (6/18/12, “Food prices: Leaders seek a long-term solution to hunger pains,” http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a6137e70-b15e-11e1-9800-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1yvS81f4h)JCP
This increase has forced global leaders to wake up to the reality that food aid
AND
slowly shifting from fighting the emergency to addressing the long-term problem.

High food prices cause massive investment in Russia and Africa—this solves famine, poverty, and maintains the Russian economy
BIOPACT 8-1-2008 (Brussels-based connective of European and African citizens who strive towards the establishment of a mutually beneficial 'energy relationship' based on biofuels and bioenergy, Biopact unites specialists in several disciplines related to bioenergy—an economic anthropologist, a bio-engineer, a professor in chemistry, a tropical agronomist, a sociologist with expertise on Central-Africa, and a development economist, “High food prices bringing fertile farmland back online - at last,” August 1, http://biopact.com/2008/08/high-food-prices-bringing-fertile.html)
The BBC has an interesting story about two British farmers who have moved to Russia
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to the much larger (future) biomass resource available in the country.

High grain prices key to Russian growth
AP NEWSWIRE 9-10-2008 (www.newsday.com/business/investing/wire/sns-ap-russian-breadbasket,0,5647019.story)
An American-made combine harvests barley doing the job of five Soviet tractors on
AND
least five tons of wheat out of the same plot, he said.

Nuclear war
FILGER 2009 (Sheldon, author and blogger for the Huffington Post, “Russian Economy Faces Disastrous Free Fall Contraction” http://www.globaleconomiccrisis.com/blog/archives/356)
In Russia historically, economic health and political stability are intertwined to a degree that
AND
the financial impact of the Global Economic Crisis is its least dangerous consequence.

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 1 | Opponent: GBS AK | Judge: Elsa Given
Note: We are still reading Cyber Strikes as the impact

There is momentum for immigration reform now
Nakamura 1/31 (David “Obama open to middle ground with Republicans on immigration reform” 1/31/2014 http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/obama-open-to-middle-ground-with-republicans-on-immigration-reform/2014/01/31/8aeb6e52-8a90-11e3-a5bd-844629433ba3_story.html)
President Obama sought Friday to accelerate momentum toward an overhaul of immigration laws, signaling
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own if they hope to strike a deal to end continued mass deportations.

Obama’s leverage is key to pushing CIR and getting Republicans on board
Pace and Espo 2-1 (Julie Pace, David Espo, Associated Press writers, Ahead of elections, GOP wary of immigration issue, http://bostonherald.com/news_opinion/us_politics/2014/02/ahead_of_elections_gop_wary_of_immigration_issue, 2-1-14) aln
President Barack Obama's new declaration that he's open to legal status for many immigrants short
AND
Obama said Friday of an immigration overhaul in a Google Plus Hangout talk.

Plan costs capital
Aho 13 (Matthew Aho, Inter-American Dialogue's Latin America Advisor, What Does Obama's Second Term Hold for U.S.-Cuba Relations?, http://www.cubastudygroup.org/index.cfm/newsroom?ContentRecord_id=2c202b27-1916-4509-b1b7-00d7ed8f4914, 1/23/13)
Aside from easing some travel restrictions, there have been only two emergent themes on
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could prove vital and create new opportunities for U.S. business.

Tournament: Silver and Black | Round: 4 | Opponent: Glenbrooks North DF | Judge: Gus Eyzaguirre
American hegemony delegitimizes its opposition as inhuman, irrational, or authoritarian, justifying self-interested intervention masquerading as moral responsibility.  This empirically causes violence and oppression.
Mouffe ‘5 Chantal Mouffe, professor in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Westminster, “Schmitt’s Vision of a Multipolar World Order,” South Atlantic Quarterly 104:2, Spring 2005
As far as Bush’s politics is concerned, it is clear that there is a
AND
dominus et supra grammaticam: Caesar also reigns over the grammar.’’ 4 

Abstract Universalism of Hegemony Creates Infinite Violence Against Difference, where wars are waged in the name of humanity, where the enemy is ‘inhuman’ and against ‘good’, this type of world will eventually lead to the eradication of the planet
Odysseos 8 Dr. Louiza Odysseos is a Senior Lecturer Department of International Relations, March 17, 2008, “Liberalism’s War, Liberalism’s Order: Rethinking the Global Liberal Order as a ‘Global Civil War”, paper prepared of Liberal Internationalism, San Francisco AKS
Jean-Luc Nancy does not utilise the exact terminology of ‘global civil war’
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to destroy than the world itself…’ (Nancy 2007: 34).

The Alternative is to vote negative to draw a line in the sand  

The world is moving towards the alternative, the only way to effectively bracket conflict is a pluralistic approach to the world and a rejection of US Hegemony and Abstract Universalism
Rasch ‘5 William Rasch, Associate Professor of Germanic Studies at Indiana University, "Lines in the Sand: Enmity as a Structuring Principle," South Atlantic Quarterly 104:2, Spring 2005, AKS
But as Max Weber observed firsthand, ascetic quietude leads so often, so¶
AND
it may also always produce recurring, asphyxiating political nightmares of absolute exclusion.

Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 2 | Opponent: Carrolton Sacred Heart DW | Judge: Scott Philips
Congress will be getting involved in Iran talks now- key to solve Iran proliferation- bipartisanship is key to agreements
Gaouette 10-29 (Nicole Gaouette, writer for Bloomberg News, Kerry Urges Pursuing Diplomacy on Iran’s Nuclear Program, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-29/kerry-urges-pursuing-diplomacy-on-iran-s-nuclear-program.html, 10-29-13, anuss)
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry said that failing to pursue diplomacy
AND
road was very difficult with both, in different ways,” he said.

Economic engagement with Mexico is politically divisive despite supporters
Wilson 13 – Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International. Center for Scholars (Christopher E., January, “A U.S.-Mexico Economic Alliance: Policy Options for a Competitive Region,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf)
At a time when Mexico is poised to experience robust economic growth, a manufacturing
AND
action to support regional exporters more politically divisive than it ought to be. 

Iran prolif causes global nuclear war
Kroenig ’12 Matthew Kroenig, Council on Foreign Relations Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow and Georgetown University assistant professor of government, “The History of Proliferation Optimism:  Does It Have A Future?” Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, 5/26/2012, http://www.npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1182andtid=30
Currently, Iran restrains its foreign policy because it fears a major military retaliation from
AND
, any one of those crises could result in a catastrophic nuclear exchange.

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 6 | Opponent: Lakeland KK | Judge: Alex Zavell
Text: The United State federal government should substantially increase market-fixed production cost incentives for electricity from Small Modular Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactors. The United States federal government should engage the United Mexican States to encourage Small Modular Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor construction and grid integration. The United States Federal Government should not increase renewable energy integration with the United Mexican States.

This causes a thorium renaissance
Rosner and Goldberg ‘11 (Robert (William E. Wrather Distinguished Service Professor in the Departments of Astronomy and Astrophysics and Physics) and Stephen (Special Assistant to the Director at the Argonne National Laboratory) , Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, “Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power Generation in the U.S.”, Technical Paper, Revision 1, November 2011)
Production Cost Incentive: A production cost incentive is a performance-based incentive.
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should be subject to further analysis as higher quality cost estimates become available.

Solves warming
Shellenberger et al ‘12 (Michael, founder of the Breakthrough Institute and MA in anthropology from UC Santa Cruz, Ted Nordhaus, Chairman of the Breakthrough Institute, and Jessica Lovering, Policy analyst in the Energy and Climate Program at the Breakthrough Institute with MA’s in Astrophysics and Environmental Studies from CU-Boulder. “New Nukes: Why We Need Radical Innovation to Make New Nuclear Energy Cheap” The Breakthrough Institute, http://thebreakthrough.org/index.php/programs/energy-and-climate/new-nukes/)
Arguably, the biggest impact of Fukushima on the nuclear debate, ironically, has
AND
than developing the nuclear technologies we will need to get that job done.

Tournament: NDCA | Round: 6 | Opponent: Bishop Guertin DI | Judge: Roger Copenhager
The affirmative has profaned life.  The ascription of a telos to an imaginary “political community” reduces the energies of those that make of that community to tools.  It becomes appropriated in an attempt to maximize production of the latest liberal goal.  This reduces all Others to a standing reserve whose destruction means nothing.  
Stoekl, 7
(Allan Stoekl is a Professor of French and Comparative Literature at Pennsylvania State University.  “Bataille’s Peak: Energy, Religion, and Postsustainability,” pg. 55-57) MG
The answer, I think, is to be found in the nature of the
AND
by which the person has been transformed in and through death, have disappeared
The creation of a utopian ideal causes ascetic hatred of the world we have – this turns and outweighs the affirmative.
Turanli, 03 (The Journal of Nietzsche Studies 26 (2003) 55-63, Nietzsche and the Later Wittgenstein: An Offense to the Quest for Another World, Aydan Turanli, Professor, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Istanbul Technical University).
The craving for absolutely general specifications results in doing metaphysics. Unlike Wittgenstein, Nietzsche
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"to show the fly the way out of the fly-bottle"

Their goal for the protection of the future of a “political community” deprives us of sovereignty – only expenditure without the consideration of future beyond the present can preserve a community of sovereignty.
Biles 11 (Jeremy, Professor of Philosophy at the Illinois Institute of Art, The Remains of God: Bataille/Sacrifice/Community, Culture, Theory and Critique, 52:2-3, 127-144, Taylor and Francis, MG)
All such expenditures – useless, diverted from any utilitarian ends – obviously ‘go
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when it lives in immanence’, or continuity (Hollier 1998: 65).

Alternative: Vote Negative to Sacrifice the 1AC

The act of incessant sacrifice destroys the ethical value of the 1AC and strips it of its telos.  Rendering the 1AC as merely another “thing” by sacrificing it creates the most intimate of communities.
Biles 11(Jeremy, Professor of Philosophy at the Illinois Institute of Art, The Remains of God: Bataille/Sacrifice/Community, Culture, Theory and Critique, 52:2-3, 127-144, Taylor and Francis, aks)
The anxious desire for durability corresponds to a demeaning substantialisation of the sacred. According
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he undergoes a fleeting experience of dissolution in the realm of the sacred.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 7 | Opponent: Green Valley YS | Judge: Sean Farris
Borderlessness” is a myth of Neoliberalism that reduces freedom to free markets.   Border conflict is the inevitable result of the struggle between labour and capital.  
DeFazio ‘2 Kimberly DeFazio Department of Humanities and Social Sciences at Clarkson University, Whither Borders? Red Critique, 2002 http://www.redcritique.org/MayJune02/whitherborders.htm
Until recently the leaders of big business couldn't boast enough about the new "borderless
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of postmodern "hybridity" and the more popular discourse of the Internet.

Disaster proliferates under neoliberal power—political-economic crisis, hunger, inequality, global warming, genocide are commonplace—radical action key
Parr ’13 Adrian Parr, The Wrath of Capital, 2013, p. 145-147
A quick snapshot of the twenty-first century so far: an economic meltdown
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must start from the point that after 2050 it may all be over.

Tournament: Silver and Black | Round: 7 | Opponent: Denver School FF | Judge: Mike Bausch
Their ascription of greater structural meaning to the insufferable pain of others are the attempts of bad conscience to internalize and disavow the tragic pain of existence
Deleuze ’83 Gilles Deleuze, Nietzsche and Philosophy, 2nd ed., 1983, p. 129-130
Such, at least, is the definition of the first aspect of bad conscience
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is internalised. But who invents and wills the internal meaning of pain?

Ressentiment turns life into a constant sickness worse than any death.  The joy of existence is inverted into a desire for hate, jealousy, and depression.
Deleuze ’83 Gilles Deleuze, Nietzsche and Philosophy, 2nd ed., 1983, p. 114-116
The first aspect of ressentiment is therefore topological. There is a topology of reactive
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cure will be subordinated to the transformation of types (reversal and transmutation).

Vote negative to sacrifice the 1AC. 

This affirms our essential condition as excessive waste, revolving infinitely across a meaningless universe.  Relinquish the aff’s will to order in favor of a celebration of unproductivity.
Land ’92 Nick Land, really weird guy, The Thirst for Annihilation: Georges Bataille and Virulent Nihilism, Routledge: New York, 1992, p. 17-18
Where accumulative reason has instituted ‘truth’ and ‘appearance’ as unsurpassable finalities or pure
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unconscious, desires for/as feminizing spasms of remigration are without limit.

Tournament: NDCA | Round: 6 | Opponent: Bishop Guertin DI | Judge: Roger Copenhager
Aff doesn’t specify their parameters, it’s severance and intrinsic and a voter.

Tournament: NDCA | Round: 6 | Opponent: Bishop Guertin DI | Judge: Roger Copenhager
First, A man cannot search either for what he knows or for what he does not know. He cannot search for what he knows--since he knows it, there is no need to search--nor for what he does not know, for he does not know what to look for." 

Second, Must touch an infinite number of points to go from point A to point B, never reach point B, so movement is impossible

Vote negative on presumption

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 4 | Opponent: Pinecrest BF | Judge: Christine Tsai
Text: We’ll advocate the entirety of the plan sans the framing arguments in the 1AC

You should reject preemption; it justifies war and creates the conflict it attempts to stop
Massumi 07 (Brian, Communication Department of the Université de Montréal , “Potential Politics and the Primacy of Preemption”) *ableist language modified
Fear is always a good reason to go politically conditional. Fear is the palpable
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and going kinetic was "contained" to the status of local anomaly.

Tournament: NDCA | Round: 2 | Opponent: St Marks JM | Judge: Mia Gil-Epner
The first link is Restricted Economics – The affirmative is part of a rational and restricted economy that assumes the world exists insofar as it is quantifiable.  This creates a lens of utility through which subjectivity can only be measured in terms of its usefulness.  This makes life disposable and denies the possible of a general economy.
Igrek 9 (Apple Zefelius Igrek, Professor in Philosophy at the University of Seattle, Modes of Luxurious Walking, September 2009, muse, aln)
The multi-layered, complex, book-length answer elaborated in Bataille's Peak
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the general finitude, exertion, madness, and jouissance of bodily economies.

Utility reduces life to a thing among other things – it creates a standing reserve that renders intimate destruction impossible.  Turns the case.
Stoekl, 7
(Allan Stoekl is a Professor of French and Comparative Literature at Pennsylvania State University.  “Bataille’s Peak: Energy, Religion, and Postsustainability,” pg. 55-57) Henge
The answer, I think, is to be found in the nature of the
AND
which the person has been transformed in and through death, have disappeared.
The Second Link is Imaginative Politics – The creation of a utopian ideal causes ascetic hatred of the world that renders life unintelligible.
Turanli, 03 (The Journal of Nietzsche Studies 26 (2003) 55-63, Nietzsche and the Later Wittgenstein: An Offense to the Quest for Another World, Aydan Turanli, Professor, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Istanbul Technical University).
The craving for absolutely general specifications results in doing metaphysics. Unlike Wittgenstein, Nietzsche
AND
"to show the fly the way out of the fly-bottle"

We are an explosion of energy, suffering is inevitable and temporal, we are dying from the day we are born – each moment devoted towards the ascetic liberal project is a sacrifice of sovereignty that destroys value to life.
Stoekl, 7
(Allan Stoekl is a Professor of French and Comparative Literature at Pennsylvania State University.  “Bataille’s Peak: Energy, Religion, and Postsustainability,” pg. 189-191) Henge
“Expenditure without return” is a floating concept, defined in opposition to the
AND
will guarantee the status of a certain act or of a certain politics.

Vote negative to sacrifice the 1AC and make the 1AC meaningless

Sacrifice is an act of meaningless and infinite expenditure that frees us from
the onward march of progress and restores expenditure to the real of sovereignty.
Stoekl, 7
(Allan Stoekl is a Professor of French and Comparative Literature at Pennsylvania State University.  “Bataille’s Peak: Energy, Religion, and Postsustainability,” pg. xvi-xvii) Henge
Bataille’s energy is inseparable from that which powers cars and raises elevators, but it
AND
this energy, of this movement of the death or void of God.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Jesuit Dallas FP | Judge: Ian Beier
Progressive inclusiveness is not benign—multiculturalist discourses depoliticize violent Western intervention, enabling extermination of difference.
Odysseos ‘8 Louiza Odysseos, Senior Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Sussex, “Against Ethics? Iconographies of Enmity and Acts of Obligation in Carl Schmitt’s Theory of the Partisan,” paper prepared for “Practices of Ethics: Relating/Responding to Difference in International Politics” at the annual convention of the International Studies Association, 22 March 2008, google scholar
In The Concept... consumed without remainder’ 

A World without enemies and difference create a forced equilibrium in which we identify a group as an enemy and attempt to eradicate them-turns case
Odysseos 8 Dr. Louiza Odysseos is a Senior Lecturer Department of International Relations, March 17, 2008, “Liberalism’s War, Liberalism’s Order: Rethinking the Global Liberal Order as a ‘Global Civil War”, paper prepared of Liberal Internationalism, San Francisco AKS
Jean-Luc Nancy...the world itself…’ 

By drawing the distinction of friends and enemies we are able to limit violence and absolute enmity
Rasch ‘5 William Rasch, Associate Professor of Germanic Studies at Indiana University, "Lines in the Sand: Enmity as a Structuring Principle," South Atlantic Quarterly 104:2, Spring 2005, AKS
But as Max...of absolute exclusion

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 5 | Opponent: St Marks GP | Judge: Jon Voss
United States economic engagement is a push for an assimilatory world order, where free trade is justified through universalizing notions of ‘freedom’ and ‘progress’
Rasch 3 William Rasch, Associate Professor of Germanic Studies at Indiana University, Human Rights as Geopolitics: Carl Schmitt and the Legal Form of American Supremacy Cultural Critique 54 (2003) 120-147, AKS
The only power to emerge from the twentieth-century's first world war fresh and
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nonlocalizable, enemy, which proved to be mere shadowboxing in the end.

In order to sustain its world order, western globalization destroys difference, causing a death drive that risks extinction
Odysseos 8 Dr. Louiza Odysseos is a Senior Lecturer Department of International Relations, March 17, 2008, “Liberalism’s War, Liberalism’s Order: Rethinking the Global Liberal Order as a ‘Global Civil War”, paper prepared of Liberal Internationalism, San Francisco AKS
Jean-Luc Nancy does not utilise the exact terminology of ‘global civil war’
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to destroy than the world itself…’ (Nancy 2007: 34).

Vote negative to draw a line in the sand.

By drawing the distinction of friends and enemies we are able to limit violence and absolute enmity
Rasch ‘5 William Rasch, Associate Professor of Germanic Studies at Indiana University, "Lines in the Sand: Enmity as a Structuring Principle," South Atlantic Quarterly 104:2, Spring 2005, AKS
But as Max Weber observed firsthand, ascetic quietude leads so often, so¶
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it may also always produce recurring, asphyxiating political nightmares of absolute exclusion.

Tournament: Silver and Black | Round: 4 | Opponent: Glenbrooks North DF | Judge: Gus Eyzaguirre
Cooperation on the budget deal is coming to an agreement- but it can still falter
Sherman 12-2 (Jake Sherman, writer for politico, Paul Ryan, Patty Murray closer to budget deal, 12-2-13, http://www.politico.com/story/2013/12/paul-ryan-patty-murray-budget-deal-100559.html) aln
House and Senate negotiators are pushing to finalize a small-scale deal to set
AND
fiscal policy that Washington tumbled into the first government shutdown in 17 years.

The deal requires bipartisanship to make it through negotiations
Przybyla and Wallbank 12-4 (Heidi Przybyla and Derek Wallbank, correspondents for Bloomberg News, Budget Negotiators Seeking to Avoid Shutdown Near Deal, 12-4-13, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-12-04/budget-negotiators-seeking-to-avoid-shutdown-near-deal.html) aln
U.S. budget negotiators are near a deal in which Democrats would accept
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Dec. 13 deadline or before federal spending expires on Jan. 15.

Congress hates Venezuela – Snowden scandal.
Berlutti 13 Aglaia Berlutti, 7-09-2013, witch by birth (no srsly doe), writer for the website Spanish Global Voices, “Venezuela's President Offers Asylum to Edward Snowden,” http://globalvoicesonline.org/2013/07/09/venezuelas-president-offers-asylum-to-edward-snowden-and-controversy-erupts/
The president of Venezuela, Nicolás Maduro, offered humanitarian asylum to Edward Snowden,
AND
to grant the humanitarian measure to the former U.S. contractor. 

Fail to pass a budget deal causes rapid economic decline- hurts money market funds and spikes yields
Harris 11-26 (Benjamin H. Harris, Policy Director the Hamilton Project, Fellow at the Brookings Institutions in Economic Studies, Why the Next Debt Limit Fight Could Convulse the Markets, http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2013/11/26-why-debt-limit-fight-convulse-markets-harris?rssid=LatestFromBrookings) aln
Congress's latest flirtation with debt-limit default caused barely a ripple in the financial
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the budget mess resurfaces in February or May. Let's not find out.

Economic collapse causes conflict- goes global and nuclear
Merlini ’11 Cesare Merlini, Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Italian Institute of International Affairs, of which he had been the president for many years, and a Non-resident Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution, “A Post-Secular World?” Survival: Global Politics and Strategy, Volume 53, Issue 2, 2011, DOI:10.1080/00396338.2011.571015
Two neatly opposed scenarios for the future of the world order illustrate the range of
AND
theocratic absolutes, competing or converging with secular absolutes such as unbridled nationalism.

Tournament: Silver and Black | Round: 5 | Opponent: Gulliver Prep | Judge: Jon Hines
Cooperation on the sequester is coming to an agreement- but it can still falter
Sherman 12-2 (Jake Sherman, writer for politico, Paul Ryan, Patty Murray closer to budget deal, 12-2-13, http://www.politico.com/story/2013/12/paul-ryan-patty-murray-budget-deal-100559.html) aln
House and Senate negotiators are pushing to finalize a small-scale deal to set
AND
fiscal policy that Washington tumbled into the first government shutdown in 17 years.

The deal requires bipartisanship to make it through negotiations
Przybyla and Wallbank 12-4 (Heidi Przybyla and Derek Wallbank, correspondents for Bloomberg News, Budget Negotiators Seeking to Avoid Shutdown Near Deal, 12-4-13, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-12-04/budget-negotiators-seeking-to-avoid-shutdown-near-deal.html) aln
U.S. budget negotiators are near a deal in which Democrats would accept
AND
Dec. 13 deadline or before federal spending expires on Jan. 15.

Bipartisan opposition to any small change in Cuba policy
Cárdenas 12, José R. , Foreign Policy, 11-13-12, http://shadow.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/11/13/cuba_policy_in_a_second_obama_term
irrational exuberance to expect any significant change in U.S.-Cuba relations over
AND
any U.S. administration would need to re-evaluate the relationship

Failure to reach compromise causes massive NASA cuts- devastating impact
Smith ’12 Marcia S. Smith, Space Policy Online, 9-14-2012 http://www.spacepolicyonline.com/news/white-house-report-on-sequestration-details-severe-impacts-on-nasa-noaa-and-dod
The White House today released the report required by Congress detailing the impact of sequestration
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sequestration "would have a devastating impact on important defense and nondefense programs."

Allowing commercial fill-in is bad – locks-out Access to Space via debris and kills space conduct regs
Gagnon ‘3
(Bruce, Coordinator of the Global Network Against Weapons and Nuclear Power in Space and Senior Fellow at The Nuclear Policy Research Institute, “Space Privatization: Road to Conflict?”, 6-21, http://www.space4peace.org/articles/road_to_conflict.htm)
Three major issues come immediately to mind concerning space privatization . Space as an environment
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must be raised before another new "frontier" of conflict is created . 

Asteroid’s coming, has huge impact. Space Access key to detect and deflect.
Cambier ‘9
(et al, Dr. Jean-Luc Cambier is a theoretical physicist and an internationally recognized expert in the design of innovative propulsion systems and computational physics. Jean-Luc earned his two doctorate degrees in Physics, the first from the University of Paris-Orsay, France, and a PhD from the University of California, Santa-Cruz. He has been leading the design and development of innovative propulsion concept – Journal of Cosmology – Journal of Cosmology, 2009, Vol 2, 371-385. Should be available online at: http://journalofcosmology.com/Extinction106.html)
Impacts from asteroids and comets constitute a profound threat to life on this planet,
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commercial space throughout the world, and is the subject of active research.
Notes to students:

Independently, human travel key to paradigm shift. Shift tempers violence and turns concerns cited in 1AC.
White ‘87
Frank White, is the author of The Overview Effect: Space Exploration and Human
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exploration and the future –, 1987, The Overview Effect, p. 166
The universe is so enormous and awesome that it becomes a unifying force in itself
AND
understandings of unity and disunity, war and peace, competition and cooperation.

Tournament: NDCA | Round: 2 | Opponent: St Marks JM | Judge: Mia Gil-Epner
It’s impossible to change the state—Vote neg on presumption
Gilbert 9 (Jeremy, really weird guy, Deleuzian Politics? A Survey and Some Suggestions, pages 10-33, aks)
The key question which emerges here is one of the most vexed and contentious in the field of studies of Deleuzian politics: namely, Deleuze and Guattari’s attitude to democracy. While it is quite possible to read in their work an advocacy of that ‘plural radical democracy’ which Laclau and Mouffe have also famously advocated, it is equally possible to read in Deleuze an aristocratic distaste for democracy which he shares with Nietzsche and much of the philosophical tradition. This is the reading offered by Phillipe Mengue, and it is not difficult to understand his argument. Democracy necessarily implies government by majorities, and as we have seen, ‘majority’ is, for Deleuze and Guattari, a wholly negative term. Deleuze’s express distaste for ‘opinion’, for ‘discussion’, his consistent emphasis on the value of the new, the creative and the different, all seem to bespeak an avant-gardism which is ultimately inimical to any politics of popular sovereignty. On the other hand, as Paul Patton has argued in response to Mengue, most of Deleuze’s anti-democratic statements can easily be read as expressions of distaste with the inadequacy of actually-existing liberal democracy, informed by the desire for a ‘becoming-democratic’ which would exceed the self-evident limitations of current arrangements. Taking this further, I would argue that if any mode of self-government emerges as implicitly desirable from the perspective developed by Deleuze and Guattari, then it would clearly be one which was both democratic and pluralistic without being subject to the existing limitations of representative liberal democracy. Deleuze’s earlier work may occasionally be characterised by a Nietzschean aristocratic tone. However, where he expresses ‘anti-democratic’ sentiments in his work with Guattari, these only ever seem to spring from a commitment to that Marxian tradition which understands liberal democratic forms to be deeply imbricated with processes of capitalist exploitation. When weighing up the legacy of this tradition today, it is worth reflecting that the degradation of actually existing ‘democracy’ under neoliberal conditions in recent decades, especially in the years since the fall of the Berlin wall, has lent much weight to the hypothesis that a ‘democratic’ politics which has no anti-capitalist dimension can only ultimately fail, as the individualisation of the social sphere and the corporate control of politics progressively undermine the effectiveness of public institutions From such a perspective, the problems with existing forms of representative democracy are several. Firstly, in ceding legislative sovereignty to elected bodies for several years at a time, they rely on the artificial stabilisation of ‘majorities’ of opinion along party lines which do not actually express the complexity of popular desires in any meaningful way. While it is clearly true that democracy as such necessarily demands the temporary organisation of ‘molarities’ for the purpose of taking collective decisions, the existing set of relationships between individuals and parties does not enable these molarities to emerge with sufficient intensity to effect major change: for example, despite the vehemence of anti-war opinion in the UK in 2003, the government was effectively at liberty to pursue the invasion of Iraq, safe in the knowledge that this intensity would disperse before the next general election. At the same time, these relationships do not enable the emergence of sites of engagement and deliberation which would enable new ideas and practices to emerge, simply delegating political engagement to a class of professional politicians, journalists, and policy-specialists whose job is not to innovate, invent and transform existing relations of power, but to maintain them, and the arrangements which express them. Most crucially, they do not enable the new forms of collective becoming which a more participatory, decentralised, ‘molecular’ democracy would facilitate, preventing any meaningful institutional expression of those new forms of dynamic, mobile, cosmopolitan collectivity which ‘globalisation’ makes possible. Instead they seek to actualize that potential only in the politically ineffectual forms of a universalized liberalism or banal forms of multiculturalism, two complementary ‘grids’ which are imposed upon global flows within the parameters of either the nation state or legalistic supra-national institutions. The drive to find new forms of participative democracy which characterises the leading-edge of contemporary socialist practice, and which has informed not only the politics of the social forum movement but more broadly the entire history of radical democratic demands (including, for example, the Chartists’ demand for annual parliaments, or the Bolshevik cry for ‘all power to the soviets’), surely expresses just this desire for democratic forms not stymied by the apparatuses of majority and individualisation.

Tournament: NDCA | Round: 2 | Opponent: St Marks JM | Judge: Mia Gil-Epner
Laugh and laugh at the sun
at the nettles
at the stones
at the ducks

at the rain
at the pee-pee of the pope
at mommy
at a coffin full of shit.
(Georges Bataille, Laughter, http://glennwallis.wordpress.com/tag/georges-bataille/)

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Dallas Jesuit TW | Judge: Ben Schultz
The President of the United States of America ought to issue an executive order with a signing statement, via appropriate administrative agencies, to end sanctions on Cuba. 

Obama can lift the embargo-travel ban proves
Heuvel ‘13 (Katrina Vanden, is the editor, publisher, and part-owner of the magazine The Nation6/2/13, The Washington Post, “The US Should End the Cuban Embargo,” http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-07-02/opinions/40316090_1_embargo-limited-private-enterprise-odebrecht, Accessed: 7/5/13, LPS.)
This month, 100 state-run produce markets and 26 other establishments are scheduled
AND
little choice but to change if it is to engage a younger generation.

Unilateral action avoids the politics DA – doesn’t spend political capital.
Howell ‘5 (William G., Associate Professor of Government @ Harvard University, “Unilateral Powers: A Brief Overview,” Presidential Studies Quarterly, 35, no. 3, September, p. 421)
The actions that Bush and his modern predecessors have taken by fiat do not fit
AND
overturn him, the president can be confident that his policy will stand.