Tournament: NDCA | Round: 2 | Opponent: Niles West CK | Judge: Mary Marcum
1AC

Biodiversity
Plan: The United States federal government should provide technical assistance to the government of Mexico for implementation of commercial domestic intellectual property protections.
The US uses Mexico as its backyard factory—the plan makes available the tools Mexico needs to push itself past a simple manufacturing base  

Surpin et al 2k7
(Beni Surpin, Bram Hanono and Joseph Panetta, CEO, Biocom, Master of Public Health from the University of Pittsburgh a bachelor of science degree in biology from LeMoyne College Panetta has been actively involved in biotechnology product development and commercialization for more than 20 years, joined Mycogen Corporation, a pioneering San Diego based biotechnology firm where he played a principal role in commercialization of the first recombinant DNA microbes and crops, “Moving Technology Across the Border: The Future of Biotech for the U.S. and Mexico,” pg online @ http://www.latinolawblog.com/2007/10/articles/crossborder-insolvency/moving-technology-across-the-border-the-future-of-biotech-for-the-us-and-mexico/ ghs-ef)
With so many research …as a whole.
The plan breaks the IP barrier between the US and Mexico --that enables research partnership

Surpin et al 2k7
(Beni Surpin, Bram Hanono and Joseph Panetta, CEO, Biocom, Master of Public Health from the University of Pittsburgh a bachelor of science degree in biology from LeMoyne College Panetta has been actively involved in biotechnology product development and commercialization for more than 20 years, joined Mycogen Corporation, a pioneering San Diego based biotechnology firm where he played a principal role in commercialization of the first recombinant DNA microbes and crops, “Moving Technology Across the Border: The Future of Biotech for the U.S. and Mexico,” pg online @ http://www.latinolawblog.com/2007/10/articles/crossborder-insolvency/moving-technology-across-the-border-the-future-of-biotech-for-the-us-and-mexico/ ghs-ef)
Historically, the collaborative ….to new levels.

And, US-Mexico cooperation over marine biosynthesis is critical to maintain ocean ecology—but, lack of patent rights and a model to incentivize development hinders breakthroughs
NRC 99
(AMC-NRC Joint Working Group on Ocean Sciences; Ocean Studies Board (OSB); Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources (CGER); Division on Earth and Life Studies (DELS); Academia Mexicana de Ciencias; National Research Council. “Building Ocean Science Partnerships: The United States and Mexico Working Together.” Pg online at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5874//sd)
 A good basis exists for …. distribution of royalties.

And, Joint research solves marine ecosystems—Mexico has the critical sites for investigation
Ayala-Casta Flares and Knox 2k
(Agustin Ayala-CastaFlares Universidad Naeional Aut6noma de Mexico  Mexico City Mexico Robert A. Knox Scripps Institution qfi Oceanography  University of Cal!fornia  San Diego USA. “Opportunities and challenges for Mexico-U.S. cooperation in ocean sciences” pg online at http://www.tos.org/oceanography/archive/13-3_castanares.pdf//sd)
Much of the Report is …marine natural products.
And, Loss of marine biodiversity collapses the overall biodiversity—only our studies control oceanic variables
Science Daily 2
(“Marine Biodiversity Essential To Preserving Species” pg online at http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/08/020822065304.htm//sd)
A new study of … and other groundfish.

And, this scientific analysis has produced a falsifiable method to make predictions based on observations
Jean Bricmont 1, professor of theoretical physics at the University of Louvain, “Defense of a Modest Scientific Realism”, September 23, http://www.physics.nyu.edu/faculty/sokal/bielefeld_final.pdf
So, how does one … as different theories.

And, Biodiversity loss burns the library of life—there is an invisible threshold and status quo management is ineffective
Howard 11
(Patricia, University of Kent (UK) and Wageningen University (NL), Royal Society, “Tipping Points and Biodiversity Change:Consequences for Human Wellbeing andChallenges for Science and Policy” pg online at http://www.academia.edu/537857/Tipping_Points_and_Biodiversity_Change_Consequences_for_Human_Wellbeing_and_Challenges_for_Science_and_Policy//sd)
Biodiversity, in its broadest sense, is ….  even global catastrophe.

Specifically, this library metaphor rests on objective facts and promotes political action to curb biodiversity loss
Hellsten 2
(VÄLIVERRONEN University of Helsinki, communications professor. His field of research is a media and journalism , science communication , and environmental issues in the media. IINA HELLSTEN University of Amsterdam, Associate Professor, specialized in Communication networks and Hypes. “From “Burning Library” to “Green Medicine” The Role of Metaphors in Communicating Biodiversity ESA” pg online at https://www.academia.edu/4084007/From_Burning_Library_to_Green_Medicine_._The_role_of_metaphors_in_communicating_biodiversity//sd)
The metaphor of a …the mass media.

And, even if it can be rhetorically flawed, our apocalyptic representation combined with our scientific analytical description of the oceans specifically motivates preventative action and works to inform an ignorant public
Dr. Cook 11
(Sandra, Lecturing Fellow Thompson Writing Program; Postdoctoral Research Associate Biology Department Duke University; graduate student of Dr. Cooke on Ocean Acidification. “The Use of Rhetorical Techniques in Film” pg online http://sites.duke.edu/writing20_12_f2011/2011/09/11/the-use-of-rhetorical-techniques-in-film///sd)
Barbara Ettinger’s film, “…. it is too late.

Our environmental rhetoric breaks hegemonic institutions—inaction is just as bio-political as action because it allows status quo authoritarians to dictate their story uncontested.
Schatz 12
(JL Schatz,  Director of Debate and Professor of Feminist Evolutionary Philosophy at Binghamton University, doctoral work was in transhumanist studies and … it be radical or reformist.

Using rhetorical tools towards environmental change deconstructs the master’s bio-political house and creates an ethic of interconnectedness to stop environmental collapse
Schatz 12
(JL Schatz,  Director of Debate and Professor of Feminist Evolutionary Philosophy at Binghamton University. “The Importance of Apocalypse: The Value of End-of-the-World Politics While Advancing Ecocriticism” http://ojs.unbc.ca/index.php/joe/article/view/394/ghs-sd)
Michael Hardt and Antonio … fate of the planet.

Solvency

Environmental responsibility rests with the collective more than the individual—BOTH are accountable, but the government facilitates or regulates the individual’s consumptive practices
Okansen 7
(Markku Oksanen University of Turku, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Philosophy, Post-Doc. “Species Extinction and Collective Responsibility” The Proceedings of the Twenty-First World Congress of Philosophy. Vol. 3. Human Rights. Zeynep Davran and Stephen Voss (Eds.). Ankara: Philosophical Society of Turkey, 2007, 179-83 https://www.academia.edu/847436/Species_Extinction_and_Collective_Responsibility//ghs-sd)
In our understanding of nature, … of a collective.

Specifically—in the context of oceans biodiversity loss is not always rooted in individual action, but instigated by external sources like plate tectonics that only cooperative research can solve
DeConto 8
(Rob, Ph.D., University of Colorado/National Center for Atmospheric Research, “PLATE TECTONICS AND CLIMATE CHANGE” pg online at https://www.geo.umass.edu/climate/papers2/deconto_tectonicsandclimate.pdf//sd)
The prolonged, effusive … of the two.

And, only this collective action relies on technological solutions that reverse inevitable collapse and prior human damages on the environment
Bostrom 3 PhD from the London School of Economics  (Nick, 2003, “Transhumanism FAQ”, http://www.paulbroman.com/myspace/Transhumanism_FAQ.txt) \
Population increase is …scarcely dream of.

Lastly, Sohum and I take individual responsibility for biodiversity loss and use this forum to inform others, but here are other ways we as individuals can cut our consumptive habits
PRI 7
(Paleontological Research Institution, “What can be done?” pg online at http://www.priweb.org/globalchange/bioloss/bl_06.html//sd)
There are several … of forest or field.

Tournament: Greenhill Round Robin | Round: 2 | Opponent: Wayzata GN | Judge: Ryan Walsh, Dave Arnett
Advantage 1: Cooperation –
First, our Framework for Cooperation is good – The plan is key to both U.S. and Mexican Biotech innovation and development – it pushes Mexico beyond a simple manufacturing base 

Surpin et al 2k7
(Beni Surpin, Bram Hanono and Joseph Panetta, CEO, Biocom, Master of Public Health from the University of Pittsburgh a bachelor of science degree in biology from LeMoyne College Panetta has been actively involved in biotechnology product development and commercialization for more than 20 years, joined Mycogen Corporation, a pioneering San Diego based biotechnology firm where he played a principal role in commercialization of the first recombinant DNA microbes and crops, “Moving Technology Across the Border: The Future of Biotech for the U.S. and Mexico,” pg online @ http://www.latinolawblog.com/2007/10/articles/crossborder-insolvency/moving-technology-across-the-border-the-future-of-biotech-for-the-us-and-mexico/ ghs-ef)
With so many … region as a whole.
And, the aff offers a model for Mexican innovation and cooperation on Life Sciences

Surpin et al 2k7
(Beni Surpin, Bram Hanono and Joseph Panetta, CEO, Biocom, Master of Public Health from the University of Pittsburgh a bachelor of science degree in biology from LeMoyne College Panetta has been actively involved in biotechnology product development and commercialization for more than 20 years, joined Mycogen Corporation, a pioneering San Diego based biotechnology firm where he played a principal role in commercialization of the first recombinant DNA microbes and crops, “Moving Technology Across the Border: The Future of Biotech for the U.S. and Mexico,” pg online @ http://www.latinolawblog.com/2007/10/articles/crossborder-insolvency/moving-technology-across-the-border-the-future-of-biotech-for-the-us-and-mexico/ ghs-ef)
Historically, the collaborative … to new levels.
And, Cross-border cooperation catalyzes biotech innovation — that spreads globally and establishes an international model for the life sciences 

SDD 2k7 — San Diego Dialogue, a division of University of California San Diego Extension, contributing to the advancement of research, relationships and solutions to the San Diego-Baja California crossborder region's long-term challenges in innovation, economy, health and education. As a part of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Division of Extended Studies and Public Programs, the Dialogue is an entirely self-funded public policy organization (San Diego Dialogue, Crossborder Group Inc., June 2007, “Borderless Biotech and Mexico’s Emerging Life Sciences Industry,” pg online @ http://www.sandiegodialogue.org/pdfs/Borderless_Biotech.pdf ghs-ef)
This document is … of borderless biotech.
And, Mexico is key – Boasts UNIQUE expertise and base of scientific research but commercialization is key

SDD 2k7 — San Diego Dialogue, a division of University of California San Diego Extension, contributing to the advancement of research, relationships and solutions to the San Diego-Baja California crossborder region's long-term challenges in innovation, economy, health and education. As a part of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Division of Extended Studies and Public Programs, the Dialogue is an entirely self-funded public policy organization (San Diego Dialogue, Crossborder Group Inc., June 2007, “Borderless Biotech and Mexico’s Emerging Life Sciences Industry,” pg online @ http://www.sandiegodialogue.org/pdfs/Borderless_Biotech.pdf ghs-ef)
In most discussions … generics bioequivalency requirements.
And, IP Protections provide the BEST protections for the poor and encourage Latin American Specific Disease and Pharma Breakthroughs
Bacalski 2k6
(Juan, J.D., University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law, 2007; B.S., Animal Physiology and Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, 1993, “Mexico's Pharmaceutical Patent Dilemma And The Lesson Of India,” Fall, 2006 23 Ariz. J. Int'l and Comp. Law 717 pg lexisghs-ef)
Technology thrives when … the world market.
Second, the impacts –
First, Life Sciences – The impact is multiple scenarios for Extinction 

NAS 8 (National Academy of Sciences, “The Role of the Life Sciences in Transforming America's Future Summary of a Workshop” December 3, 2008, Board on Life Sciences Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council)
A Critical Time for the Life Sciences …sustainably on earth.
Biotech advances independently solves extinction

Trewavas, 2k – Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology at the University of Edinburgh
(Anthony, “GM Is the Best Option We Have,” 6/5/2000, www.agbioworld.org/biotech-info/articles/biotech-art/best_option.html)
In 535A.D. a volcano … of it is "be prepared".

Second is disease - BSL-4 inevitably escapes and leads to extinction

Wilson 12
Professional Associate at the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute and J.D. from Lewis 26 Clark Law School
Grant, "Minimizing Global Catastrophic and Existential Risks from Emerging Technologies through International Law," Accepted @ Virginia Environmental Law Journal, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2179094
*GCR/ER = Global Catastrophic and Existential Risk
An accidental release …GCR/ER existential risk.
No vaccines for this strain

Begley 12
(Sharon, et al, "How secure are labs handling world’s deadliest pathogens?," Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/16/us-health-biosecurity-idUSTRE81E0R420120216)
Last year, labs…  Sciences this month.
Your defense is factually incorrect
Darling 12
(Astrobiologist Dirk Schulze-Makuch and British astronomer David Darling, Seattle's Big Blog, “9 Strange Ways the World Really Might End,” http://blog.seattlepi.com/thebigblog/2012/03/18/9-strange-ways-the-world-really-might-end/?fb_xd_fragment, Washington State University)
Our body is in … could be threatened.

And, Drug-resistant TB strains are developing in Mexico – spreads quickly and is airborne

Wall Street Journal 3/8
(“Risk of Deadly TB Exposure Grows Along U.S.-Mexico Border,” pg online @ https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/tb-roundtable/N3ec0AnfzZA ghs-ef)
The Tijuana General…  World Health Organization.
And, XDR TB spread risks becoming a pandemic – puts the global population at risk

Bio-Medicine 2007 – one of the Internet’s leading online Organizations devoted to biology and medicine,  http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news/The-Dreaded-Disease-Tuberculosis-Raises-Its-Ugly-Head-20674-1/
The Dreaded Disease…the highly lethal XDR-TB. 

Third is Mexican Brain drain –Mexico’s Economy is on the brink – brain drain stunts innovation, growth, and SandT base

Rosen 2k11
(Cecilia Rosen is a science journalist based in Mexico. She completed an MSc in science communication at Imperial College London and lives in Mexico City, pg online @ http://www.scidev.net/global/migration/feature/rebuilding-mexico-s-science-and-technology-capacity-1.html ghs-ef)
MEXICO CITY Despite being one of the richest countries…  favoured over basic research.
And, robust IP protection for University scientists is necessary to spur genomic medicine in Mexico and prevent Mexican brain drain 

March et al 2k8
(Gerardo Jimenez-Sanchez1,   Irma Silva-Zolezzi,   Alfredo Hidalgo, and   Santiago March, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico, “Genomic medicine in Mexico: Initial steps and the road ahead,” pg online @ http://genome.cshlp.org/content/18/8/1191.full ghs-ef)
Developing genomic medicine… in genomic medicine.
These genomic breakthroughs are key high tech algae production

Radakovits et al 10
(Randor, 1 Robert E. Jinkerson,1 Al Darzins,2 and Matthew C. Posewitz1, 1Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, and 2National Renewable Energy Laboratory, pg online @ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2863401/ ghs-ef)
Interest in a …and arable land.
Peak Phosphorous is on the way—it’s being depleted faster than it can be produced—causes Resource Wars and Extinction—Phosphorous is Necessary to Sustain Life on Earth
leo Lewis,  Asia Business Correspondent, 6/23/08 (“Scientists warn of lack of vital phosphorus as biofuels raise demand,” The Times, pg online @ http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/natural_resources/article4193017.ece greenhill-ef)

Battered by soaring …growth of biofuels.
the Plan Solves—algae Uses Waste-Water Streams as a Food Source, and Produces Nitrogen and Phosphorus that Can be Used as Fertilizer
Michael Briggs, University of New Hampshire Biodiesel Group, 4 (“Widescale Biodiesel Production from Algae,” pg online @ http://www.energybulletin.net/node/2364 greenhill-ef)

The algae farms… on farmland.

Advantage 2: U.S. IP Leadership
First, Current USTR Focus on 301 Reports Undermines U.S. Trade Policy – Heavy-Handed Approach bullies countries into IP protections 

Sutton 2k12
(“Special 301 Report 2012: The USTR’s Bogus List of Countries That "Don't Enforce" Copyrights,” pg online @ https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2012/05/special-301-report-2012-ustrs-absurd-list-international-disappointments ghs-ef)
The Office of the … USTR this year. It said pdf:

Failure to enforce Chinese IP protections collapses relations and cooperation on major hotspots-- causes U.S.-China Conflict 

Thomson 2k6
(Tom, Executive Director, Coalition for Intellectual Property Rights (CIPR), 15 September 2006 “U.S. Policy Roadmap: Moving China from a Haven for Pirates to a Country of IPR Stakeholders,” pg online @ http://www.tthomsonassociates.com/2006/09/u-s-policy-roadmap-moving-china-from-a-haven-for-pirates-to-a-country-of-ipr-stakeholders/ ghs-ef)
What are the …strategic economic engagement.”
Goes nuclear

Hunkovic ‘9
Lee. Prof Military Studies @ American Military University. “The Chinese-Taiwanese Conflict – Possible Futures of a Confrontation between China, Taiwan, and the United States of America” www.lampmethod.com, 2009
A war between China,… in this study.
And, Bayh Dole flips the IP process and is a CRITICAL model – Preserves U.S. IP Credibility and ensures China will build-in IP Protections – spills-over globally

Espinel 2k7
(Victoria A., Assistant U.S. Representative for  Intellectual Property and Innovation, Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, Washington, DChttp://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-110hhrg38337/html/CHRG-110hhrg38337.htm ghs-ef)
So I would direct … protecting intellectual property.
And, U.S.-Mexico IP efforts become a GLOBAL MODEL for IP enforcement 

Zagaris et al 94
(Bruce Zagaris, Partner, Cameron and Hornbostel, Washington, D.C.; George Washington University, B.A., J.D., LL.M.; adjunct professor, Washington College of Law, American University, and Fordham University School of Law; chair, Committee on International Criminal Law, Section of Criminal Law, American Bar Association, Alvaro J. Aguilary, Associate, Ffbrega, Barsallo, Molino and Mulino, Panama City, Panama; Universidad Santa Marfa Ia Antigua (Panama), LL.B. 1991; Washington College of Law, American University, “Enforcement of Intellectual Property Protection Between Mexico and the United States: A Precursor of Criminal Enforcement for Western Hemispheric Integration?,” Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal, pg online @ http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1098andcontext=iplj ghs-ef)
The increase in… global, economic integration.
Plan text:
Plan: The United States federal government should provide technical assistance to the government of Mexico for implementation of domestic intellectual property protections

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: Octas | Opponent: St Marks JM | Judge: Shiela Peterson, Jeff Buntin, Sarah Sanchez
Advantage 1: Cooperation –
First, our Framework for Cooperation is good – The plan is key to both U.S. and Mexican Biotech innovation and development – it pushes Mexico beyond a simple manufacturing base  

Surpin et al 2k7
(Beni Surpin, Bram Hanono and Joseph Panetta, CEO, Biocom, Master of Public Health from the University of Pittsburgh a bachelor of science degree in biology from LeMoyne College Panetta has been actively involved in biotechnology product development and commercialization for more than 20 years, joined Mycogen Corporation, a pioneering San Diego based biotechnology firm where he played a principal role in commercialization of the first recombinant DNA microbes and crops, “Moving Technology Across the Border: The Future of Biotech for the U.S. and Mexico,” pg online @ http://www.latinolawblog.com/2007/10/articles/crossborder-insolvency/moving-technology-across-the-border-the-future-of-biotech-for-the-us-and-mexico/ ghs-ef)
With so many… region as a whole.
And, the aff offers a model for Mexican innovation and cooperation on Life Sciences

Surpin et al 2k7
(Beni Surpin, Bram Hanono and Joseph Panetta, CEO, Biocom, Master of Public Health from the University of Pittsburgh a bachelor of science degree in biology from LeMoyne College Panetta has been actively involved in biotechnology product development and commercialization for more than 20 years, joined Mycogen Corporation, a pioneering San Diego based biotechnology firm where he played a principal role in commercialization of the first recombinant DNA microbes and crops, “Moving Technology Across the Border: The Future of Biotech for the U.S. and Mexico,” pg online @ http://www.latinolawblog.com/2007/10/articles/crossborder-insolvency/moving-technology-across-the-border-the-future-of-biotech-for-the-us-and-mexico/ ghs-ef)
Historically, the collaborative…  industry to new levels.
And, Cross-border cooperation catalyzes biotech innovation — that spreads globally and establishes an international model for the life sciences 

SDD 2k7 — San Diego Dialogue, a division of University of California San Diego Extension, contributing to the advancement of research, relationships and solutions to the San Diego-Baja California crossborder region's long-term challenges in innovation, economy, health and education. As a part of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Division of Extended Studies and Public Programs, the Dialogue is an entirely self-funded public policy organization (San Diego Dialogue, Crossborder Group Inc., June 2007, “Borderless Biotech and Mexico’s Emerging Life Sciences Industry,” pg online @ http://www.sandiegodialogue.org/pdfs/Borderless_Biotech.pdf ghs-ef)
This document is yet…  world of borderless biotech.
And, Mexico is key – Boasts UNIQUE expertise and base of scientific research but commercialization is key

SDD 2k7 — San Diego Dialogue, a division of University of California San Diego Extension, contributing to the advancement of research, relationships and solutions to the San Diego-Baja California crossborder region's long-term challenges in innovation, economy, health and education. As a part of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Division of Extended Studies and Public Programs, the Dialogue is an entirely self-funded public policy organization (San Diego Dialogue, Crossborder Group Inc., June 2007, “Borderless Biotech and Mexico’s Emerging Life Sciences Industry,” pg online @ http://www.sandiegodialogue.org/pdfs/Borderless_Biotech.pdf ghs-ef)
In most discussions …generics bioequivalency requirements. 

And, robust IP protection prevents Mexican brain drain and enables advanced Mexican science

March et al 2k8
(Gerardo Jimenez-Sanchez1,   Irma Silva-Zolezzi,   Alfredo Hidalgo, and   Santiago March, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico, “Genomic medicine in Mexico: Initial steps and the road ahead,” pg online @ http://genome.cshlp.org/content/18/8/1191.full ghs-ef)
Developing genomic medicine…  in genomic medicine.

And, IP Protections provide the BEST protections for the poor and encourage Latin American Specific Disease and Pharma Breakthroughs
Bacalski 2k6
(Juan, J.D., University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law, 2007; B.S., Animal Physiology and Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, 1993, “Mexico's Pharmaceutical Patent Dilemma And The Lesson Of India,” Fall, 2006 23 Ariz. J. Int'l and Comp. Law 717 pg lexisghs-ef)
Technology thrives when … the world market.

Second, the impacts –
First, Life Sciences – extinction is inevitable absent biological improvements to the biosphere

NAS 8 (National Academy of Sciences, “The Role of the Life Sciences in Transforming America's Future Summary of a Workshop” December 3, 2008, Board on Life Sciences Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council)
A Critical Time for the Life … sustainably on earth.
Biotech advances independently solves extinction

Trewavas, 2k – Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology at the University of Edinburgh
(Anthony, “GM Is the Best Option We Have,” 6/5/2000, www.agbioworld.org/biotech-info/articles/biotech-art/best_option.html)
In 535A.D. a volcano near …  of it is "be prepared".

Second is disease - BSL-4 inevitably escapes and leads to extinction

Wilson 12
Professional Associate at the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute and J.D. from Lewis 26 Clark Law School
Grant, "Minimizing Global Catastrophic and Existential Risks from Emerging Technologies through International Law," Accepted @ Virginia Environmental Law Journal, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2179094
*GCR/ER = Global Catastrophic and Existential Risk
An accidental release … GCR/ER existential risk.

And, Drug-resistant TB strains are developing in Mexico – spreads quickly and is airborne

Wall Street Journal 3/8
(“Risk of Deadly TB Exposure Grows Along U.S.-Mexico Border,” pg online @ https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/tb-roundtable/N3ec0AnfzZA ghs-ef)
The Tijuana General Hospital … the World Health Organization.
And, XDR TB spread risks becoming a pandemic – puts the global population at risk

Bio-Medicine 2007 – one of the Internet’s leading online Organizations devoted to biology and medicine,  http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news/The-Dreaded-Disease-Tuberculosis-Raises-Its-Ugly-Head-20674-1/
The Dreaded Disease Tuberculosis … the highly lethal XDR-TB. 

Plan text:
Plan: The United States federal government should provide technical assistance to the government of Mexico for implementation of commercial domestic intellectual property protections.
Advantage 2: Trade

USTR has a new push for ACTA—that causes stringent enforcement
EFF 3/1/13
(“US Trade Office Calls ACTA Back From the Dead and Canada Complies” in the Electronic Frontier Foundation pg online at https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/03/us-trade-office-calls-acta-back-dead-and-canada-complies//sd)
Major announcements from … other content industry interests.
USTR enforcement of IP independently disincentives free trade—the plan’s approach to IP enforcement reverse heavy handed pressure
Rangnath 11
(Rashmi, prior to joining Public Knowledge as a Staff Attorney and Director of PK's Global Knowledge Initiative, Rashmi Rangnath was a part time Law Clerk for special projects as well as a student Intern, working on copyright and patent law issues. Ms. Rangnath has also worked at the Association of Research Libraries as a student intern. “PK tells USTR: Adopt a More Rational Trade Policy” on Public Knowledge pg online at http://publicknowledge.org/blog/pk-tells-ustr-adopt-more-rational-trade-polic//sd)
Today, we filed two sets … and inclusive approach.

Specifically, USPTO technical assistance reverses negative USTR perceptions and trades off with the status quo policy of enforcement
Kaminski 12
(Margot e is a research scholar in law, executive director of the information society project, and lecturer in law at yale law school. she is a graduate of harvard university and yale law school and a former fellow of the information society project.lead article: the u.s. trade representative's democracy problem: the an-ti-counterfeiting trade agreement (acta) as a juncture for international lawmaking in the united states, suffolk transnational law review, 35 suffolk transnat'l l. rev. 519, symposium, 2012 pg online at lexissd)
The PRO-IP …  directed towards USTR.

US-India relations are at a crossroads—they are unwilling to meet high USTR IP standards over trade
Wills 7/24/13
(Ashley, served as the U.S. deputy chief of mission in New Delhi, U.S. ambassador to Sri Lanka and the Maldives, and assistant U.S. trade representative for South and Central Asia, “Repairing U.S.-Indian Trade Relations” pg online at http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887324110404578625410443236422//sd)
U.S. Vice President Joe … India must reverse its trade failures.

Relations are critical to prevent Indo-pak war
Cookman and Katulis 9, Colin Cookman is the Special Assistant for National Security at American Progress and Brian Katulis is a Senior Fellow, (Colin and Brian, “The U.S.-India Strategic Partnership Is Vital,” November 24, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/11/india_state_visit.html)
Indian Prime Minister Manmohan … achieve progress on global challenges.
India-Pakistan nuclear war is imminent—newest Kashmiri skirmishes have increased tensions
NY Times 1/22/13
(“India Warns Kashmiris to Prepare for Nuclear War” pg online at http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/23/world/asia/indian-officials-advise-preparations-for-possible-war.html//sd)
Indian officials are …. militarized areas in the world.

New Pakistani tactical nukes preclude deterrence and make nuclear war likely
Reuters 9/12/13
(“South Asian arms race raises risk of nuclear war: IISS think tank” pg online at http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/12/us-southasia-nuclear-idUSBRE98B0R220130912//sd)
An arms race in … it as a nuclear weapons state.
Escalates globally and hair-trigger alerts cause extinction
Helen Caldicott, Physicians for Social Responsibility, THE NEW NUCLEAR DANGER, 2002, p. xii.

The use of Pakistani … most life on earth.

US cooperative trade is critical to stop hostile trade blocs and global conflicts
Bergsten, Director of the Peterson Institute for International Economics and former Assistant Secretary for International Affairs at the Treasury Department, 9-27-97 (C. Fred, “America and the World,” The Economist,http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/print.cfm?doc=pubandResearchID=291)
Third, American leadership …. for America to withdraw from such a central component of international affairs, or indeed repudiate initiatives undertaken with great fanfare by its own president and his predecessors, without jolting confidence in its staying power in other respects.

Nuclear war
Seita 97, Law Professor at Albany Law School, J.D. from Stanford, M.B.A. from Stanford, 97 (Alex, “Globalization and the Convergence of Values,” Cornell International Law Journal, 30 Cornell Int'l L.J. 429)
In an indirect way, …. - the human race - though represented by different governments.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: C E Byrd | Judge:
Guest Workers 1AC
1AC – Plan
Plan: The United States federal government should implement a renewable, uncapped, portable guest worker visa program for workers from Mexico.

1AC – Agriculture
Advantage _1_ – Agriculture
Massive ag labor shortage now – immigration enforcement only makes it worse
Elias 13
(Thomas, masters in journalism from Stanford, “Farm labor shortages may drive immigration changes” Sandiego Source, newspaper, May 10, pg online at http://www.sddt.com/Commentary/article.cfm?SourceCode=20130510tzaandCommentary_ID=109and_t=Farm+labor+shortages+may+drive+immigration+changes#.Ucypofkphsk//sd)
There has … guest-worker program.
Labor shortages increase food prices
Washington Post 1/29
(“We’re running out of farm workers. Immigration reform won’t help.” 2013 pg online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/01/29/the-u-s-is-running-out-of-farm-workers-immigration-reform-may-not-help///sd)
For decades, … guest-worker programs.

US ag is the crux of global food prices—exporter of key crops
Coleman 12
(Isobel, Senior Fellow and Director of the Civil Society, Markets, and Democracy Initiative; Director of the Women and Foreign Policy Program, Council on Foreign relations, “U.S. Drought and Rising Global Food Prices” August 2, http://www.cfr.org/food-security/us-drought-rising-global-food-prices/p28777//sd)
The ongoing drought … the rest of the world?

Global food wars are approaching---increased US supply is vital
Klare 12 – Michael Klare is a professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College. (“The Hunger Wars in Our Future,” Huffington Post, 8-7-2012, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-t-klare/the-hunger-wars-in-our-fu_b_1751968.html)
The Great Drought of 2012 has yet to come to an end, but we already know that its consequences will be severe. With more than one-half of America’s counties designated as drought disaster…  famished, desperate people.
These wars go nuclear
Cribb 10 (Julian, Julian Cribb is a science communicator, journalist and editor of several newspapers and books. His published work includes over 7,000 newspaper articles, 1,000 broadcasts, and three books and has received 32 awards for science, medical, agricultural and business journalism. He was Director, National Awareness, for Australia's science agency, CSIRO, foundation president of the Australian Science Communicators, and originated the CGIAR's Future Harvest strategy. He has worked as a newspaper editor, science editor for "The Australian "and head of public affairs for CSIRO. He runs his own science communication consultancy, “The coming famine: the global food crisis and what we can do to avoid it,” p. 26)
This is the most likely … to secure them.

1AC—Manufacturing
Advantage _ is Manufacture
US manufacturing on a terminal decline—competition by low wage labor countries
Policy Mic 6/2
(nqa, “Trying to Revive American Manufacturing Is a Fool's Errand” pg online at http://www.policymic.com/articles/43371/trying-to-revive-american-manufacturing-is-a-fool-s-errand///sd)
The "manufacturing renaissance" narrative,….  he’d stop drowning, but the fall would still kill him.

Low wage immigrants are key to manufacturing—decline in native workforce
Capps and Fortuny 7
(Randy, demographer and Senior Policy Analyst with MPI's National Center on Immigrant Integration Policy, Karina, author of “Children of Immigrants: 2008 State Trends Update,”, “Trends in the Low-Wage Immigrant Labor Force, 2000–2005” pg online at http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411426_Low-Wafge_immigrant_Labor.pdf//sd)
As their absolute … correct policy choices.

Immigration low skilled labor is key to effective high-skilled labor—fulfills tech products
Clemens 13, Michael Clemens Ph.D. (2002), Harvard University, Economics; M.A. (1997), The Johns Hopkins University, Geography and Environmental Engineering; B.S. (1994), California Institute of Technology, Engineering and Applied Science, also is a senior fellow and research manager at the Washington-based Center for Global Development, where he leads the Migration and Development initiative, “We need more unskilled workers, please: Foreign Policy opinion”, http://www.oregonlive.com/opinion/index.ssf/2013/07/we_need_more_unskilled_workers.html//joey

In the congressional battle over … of unauthorized immigration.

H2-B visas include manufacturing, but status quo cap is too low—guts US manufacturing competitiveness
Dickenson 6
(Elizabeth C, Director of Immigration Services, Representative for the US Chamber of Commerce, “GUEST WORKER PROGRAMS: IMPACT ON THE AMERICAN WORKFORCE AND U.S. IMMIGRATION POLICY” to the HOUSE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND THE WORKFORCE July 19th, pg online at http://www.uschamber.com/sites/default/files/testimony/twptestimonydickson71906.pdf//sd)
The other major temporary … has said, it is cumbersome and litigation-prone.
Strong manufacturing is inextricably tied to US readiness—Foreign dependence and offshoring create terminal vulnerabilities
Adams et al. 13
(john, brigadier general u.s. army (retired) President, Guardian Six Consulting LLC, Paulette Kurzer, Ph.D. (Senior Vice President of Guardian Six Consulting LLC), Amber Allen Colonel Peter Aubrey, U.S. Army (Retired), Ryan G. Baird, Ph.D., Keith A. Grant, Ph.D., Janne E. Nolan, Ph.D., “remaking american security: supply chain vulnerabilities and national security risks across the u.s. defense industrial base” pg online at http://americanmanufacturing.org/files/RemakingAmericanSecurityMay2013.pdf//sd)
The United States’ national security …materials, parts, and finished goods they produce for their own use.

Loss of deterrence leads to nuclear war – perception heightens the link
Caves 10 – John P. Caves Jr., Senior Research Fellow In The Center For The Study Of Weapons Of Mass Destruction At The National Defense University, January 2010, “Avoiding A Crisis Of Confidence In The U.S. Nuclear Deterrent,” Strategic Forum, No. 252
Perceptions of a compromised …than what nuclear-armed terrorists alone could inflict.

1AC – Solvency

Despite high border security, undocumented immigration still increasing—unsecure rural areas
Potter, 13 (Mark Potter, NBC National News Correspondent, “Despite safer border cities, undocumented immigrants flow through rural areas”, May 3 2013, NBC News, http://dailynightly.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/05/02/17708115-despite-safer-border-cities-undocumented-immigrants-flow-through-rural-areas?lite, nikp)
As the national debate over comprehensive immigration… the rural areas.

Removing quotas is key to stop undocumented immigration – Guest worker program for Mexico increases legal immigration and reduces incentives for illegal immigration
Bier, 5/31  - David Bier is a policy analyst at the Competitive Enterprise Institute. His publications are often posted on the Huffington Post (“Senate Bill Won’t Stop Illegal Immigration Without More Work Visas”, 5/31/13, http://www.openmarket.org/2013/05/31/senate-bill-wont-stop-illegal-immigration-without-more-work-visas)
Over the next five …wave of illegal immigration.

Border enforcement fails – it increases migrant deaths, increases smugglers and causes more permanent underground status

Peri 2013 – prof of Economics at UC Davis (Peri, Giovanni. Intereconomics,(May 2013): 191-192., The economic consequences of the proposed immigration reform, ProQuest,)

Cornelius and his… from the same cost savings (Massy, Durand, and Malone 2003: 128-133). 

Border securitization causes racist harassment, unnecessary deaths and snowballs to social militarization

Ybarra-Maldonando 2013 - Speaker at Stanford Ray,  “Border Militarization Unacceptable Compromise,” The Center For International Society, 6-25-13,
http://cyberlaw.stanford.edu/blog/2013/06/border-militarization-unacceptable-compromise, Accessed 7-17-13

BORDER MILITARIZATION UNACCEPTABLE … migrants dying in the desert.
Excluding immigration from integration fosters anxiety – it Dehumanizes immigrants, constructing as “The Other” - as a threat which fuels a social cycle of repression

Ward 2013 – Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Southern Mississippi Matthew, , “They Say Bad Things Come in Threes: How Economic, Political and Cultural Shifts Facilitated Contemporary Anti-Immigration Activism in the United States,” Journal of Historical Sociology, May 29, 2013, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/johs.12024/abstract, Accessed July 18, 2013

This history of shifting …  to conservative mobilization.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Westwood JR | Judge: Hunter McCoullough
Guest Workers 1AC
1AC – Plan
Plan: The United States federal government should implement a renewable, uncapped, portable guest worker visa program for workers from Mexico.

1AC – Agriculture
Advantage  – Agriculture
Massive ag labor shortage now – immigration enforcement only makes it worse
Elias 13
(Thomas, masters in journalism from Stanford, “Farm labor shortages may drive immigration changes” Sandiego Source, newspaper, May 10, pg online at http://www.sddt.com/Commentary/article.cfm?SourceCode=20130510tzaandCommentary_ID=109and_t=Farm+labor+shortages+may+drive+immigration+changes#.Ucypofkphsk//sd)
There has been …guest-worker program.
Labor shortages increase food prices
Washington Post 1/29
(“We’re running out of farm workers. Immigration reform won’t help.” 2013 pg online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/01/29/the-u-s-is-running-out-of-farm-workers-immigration-reform-may-not-help///sd)
For decades, farms …
guest-worker programs.

US ag is the crux of global food prices—exporter of key crops
Coleman 12
(Isobel, Senior Fellow and Director of the Civil Society, Markets, and Democracy Initiative; Director of the Women and Foreign Policy Program, Council on Foreign relations, “U.S. Drought and Rising Global Food Prices” August 2, http://www.cfr.org/food-security/us-drought-rising-global-food-prices/p28777//sd)
The ongoing drought …happen to the rest of the world?

Global food wars are approaching-~--increased US supply is vital
Klare 12 – Michael Klare is a professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College. (“The Hunger Wars in Our Future,” Huffington Post, 8-7-2012, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-t-klare/the-hunger-wars-in-our-fu_b_1751968.html)
The Great Drought of 2012 has yet to come to an end, but we already know that its consequences will be severe. With more than one-half of America’s counties designated as drought disaster areas, ….famished, desperate people.
These wars go nuclear
Cribb 10 (Julian, Julian Cribb is a science communicator, journalist and editor of several newspapers and books. His published work includes over 7,000 newspaper articles, 1,000 broadcasts, and three books and has received 32 awards for science, medical, agricultural and business journalism. He was Director, National Awareness, for Australiaand#39;s science agency, CSIRO, foundation president of the Australian Science Communicators, and originated the CGIARand#39;s Future Harvest strategy. He has worked as a newspaper editor, science editor for and#34;The Australian and#34;and head of public affairs for CSIRO. He runs his own science communication consultancy, “The coming famine: the global food crisis and what we can do to avoid it,” p. 26)
This is … secure them.

1AC—Manufacturing
Advantage   is Manufacture
US manufacturing on a terminal decline—competition by low wage labor countries
Policy Mic 6/2
(nqa, “Trying to Revive American Manufacturing Is a Fooland#39;s Errand” pg online at http://www.policymic.com/articles/43371/trying-to-revive-american-manufacturing-is-a-fool-s-errand///sd)
The and#34;manufacturing renaissanceand#34; narrative,…. It is inevitably forced to make loans based on political incentives instead of business viability. Even if technocrats could make effective investments in green technology, it would be like throwing a life preserver to a drowning man heading over Niagara Falls — he’d stop drowning, but the fall would still kill him.

Low wage immigrants are key to manufacturing—decline in native workforce
Capps and Fortuny 7
(Randy, demographer and Senior Policy Analyst with MPIand#39;s National Center on Immigrant Integration Policy, Karina, author of “Children of Immigrants: 2008 State Trends Update,”, “Trends in the Low-Wage Immigrant Labor Force, 2000–2005” pg online at http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411426_Low-Wafge_immigrant_Labor.pdf//sd)
As their absolute number and share of …of the dynamics of entry and exit at the low and high ends of the labor marker will be needed to make correct policy choices.

Immigration low skilled labor is key to effective high-skilled labor—fulfills tech products
Clemens 13, Michael Clemens Ph.D. (2002), Harvard University, Economics; M.A. (1997), The Johns Hopkins University, Geography and Environmental Engineering; B.S. (1994), California Institute of Technology, Engineering and Applied Science, also is a senior fellow and research manager at the Washington-based Center for Global Development, where he leads the Migration and Development initiative, “We need more unskilled workers, please: Foreign Policy opinion”, http://www.oregonlive.com/opinion/index.ssf/2013/07/we_need_more_unskilled_workers.html//joey

In the congressional battle …of unauthorized immigration.

H2-B visas include manufacturing, but status quo cap is too low—guts US manufacturing competitiveness
Dickenson 6
(Elizabeth C, Director of Immigration Services, Representative for the US Chamber of Commerce, “GUEST WORKER PROGRAMS: IMPACT ON THE AMERICAN WORKFORCE AND U.S. IMMIGRATION POLICY” to the HOUSE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND THE WORKFORCE July 19th, pg online at http://www.uschamber.com/sites/default/files/testimony/twptestimonydickson71906.pdf//sd)
The other major temporary …Labor has said, it is cumbersome and litigation-prone.
Strong manufacturing is inextricably tied to US readiness—Foreign dependence and offshoring create terminal vulnerabilities
Adams et al. 13
(john, brigadier general u.s. army (retired) President, Guardian Six Consulting LLC, Paulette Kurzer, Ph.D. (Senior Vice President of Guardian Six Consulting LLC), Amber Allen Colonel Peter Aubrey, U.S. Army (Retired), Ryan G. Baird, Ph.D., Keith A. Grant, Ph.D., Janne E. Nolan, Ph.D., “remaking american security: supply chain vulnerabilities and national security risks across the u.s. defense industrial base” pg online at http://americanmanufacturing.org/files/RemakingAmericanSecurityMay2013.pdf//sd)
The United States’ national …foreign nations wanting to keep more of the raw materials, parts, and finished goods they produce for their own use.

Loss of deterrence leads to nuclear war – perception heightens the link
Caves 10 – John P. Caves Jr., Senior Research Fellow In The Center For The Study Of Weapons Of Mass Destruction At The National Defense University, January 2010, “Avoiding A Crisis Of Confidence In The U.S. Nuclear Deterrent,” Strategic Forum, No. 252
Perceptions of a …alone could inflict.

1AC- Security 

Despite high border security, undocumented immigration still increasing—unsecure rural areas
Potter, 13 (Mark Potter, NBC National News Correspondent, “Despite safer border cities, undocumented immigrants flow through rural areas”, May 3 2013, NBC News, http://dailynightly.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/05/02/17708115-despite-safer-border-cities-undocumented-immigrants-flow-through-rural-areas?lite, nikp)
As the national debate over …the rural areas.
Removing quotas is key to stop undocumented immigration – Guest worker program for Mexico increases legal immigration and reduces incentives for illegal immigration
Bier, 5/31  - David Bier is a policy analyst at the Competitive Enterprise Institute. His publications are often posted on the Huffington Post (“Senate Bill Won’t Stop Illegal Immigration Without More Work Visas”, 5/31/13, http://www.openmarket.org/2013/05/31/senate-bill-wont-stop-illegal-immigration-without-more-work-visas)
Over the next …wave of illegal immigration.

DHS is overstretched—increased border security trades off with vital programs
Coburn 9/11/13
(US Senator from Oklahoma, “Ten Years Later—Ten Challenges Facing the Department of Homeland Security” pg online at http://www.coburn.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/rightnow?ContentRecord_id=7598a594-80cb-4d0a-8ede-6dc0aed3d770andContentType_id=b4672ca4-3752-49c3-bffc-fd099b51c966andGroup_id=00380921-999d-40f6-a8e3-470468762340andMonthDisplay=9andYearDisplay=2013//sd)

1. DHS has spent …its component agencies.

Specifically, cyber-security is critical to protect vital infrastructure -~-- Prevents Collapse of civilization

Sebastian 2k9
(Rohan,- research for the office of Virginia Senator Mark Warner  CS Computer Science from UVA, 6-24 “The Federal Government’s Role in Preserving Cybersecurity for Critical Infrastructure”)
The intersection of…” and industry acceptance. 

That causes extinction 

Adhikari ’09
(Richard, leading journalist on advanced-IP issues for several major publications, including The Wall Street Journal  “Civilizationand#39;s High Stakes Cyber-Struggle: QandA With Gen. Wesley Clark (ret.)”)
The conflicts in the Middle … We donand#39;t know who the adversaries are in many cases, but we know what 

And, terrorists have the incentive, tech, and access to nuclear weapons
WEF 12 (World Economic Forum, July 11, 2012, nonprofit organization made up of international political leaders/intellectuals.  http://reports.weforum.org/global-agenda-council-2012/councils/nuclear-biological-chemical-weapons/ )
In addition, regional … terrorist microbial attacks.

Nuclear terrorism ensures planet-ending great power nuclear war

Dennis Ray Morgan 9, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin Campus - South Korea, Futures, Volume 41, Issue 10, December 2009, Pages 683-693
Years later, in 1982, at the height of the … misery and suffering in a

1AC – Solvency
Uncapped Guest worker program creates long term market viability—capped CIR doesn’t solve the case
Helen Krieble, chair for Center for Opportunity, Protection and Fariness, 6-10-2013, “Senateand#39;s immigration and#39;gangand#39; will bungle guest worker quotas,” Mercury News, http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_23429033/senates-immigration-gang-will-bungle-guest-worker-quotas
The latest Gang …trying to solve.

Tournament: Harvard RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Carrollton GR | Judge: Perkins
Advantage 1: Cooperation – 

First, our Framework for Cooperation is good – The plan is key to both U.S. and Mexican Biotech innovation and development – it pushes Mexico beyond a simple manufacturing base  

Surpin et al 2k7
(Beni Surpin, Bram Hanono and Joseph Panetta, CEO, Biocom, Master of Public Health from the University of Pittsburgh a bachelor of science degree in biology from LeMoyne College Panetta has been actively involved in biotechnology product development and commercialization for more than 20 years, joined Mycogen Corporation, a pioneering San Diego based biotechnology firm where he played a principal role in commercialization of the first recombinant DNA microbes and crops, “Moving Technology Across the Border: The Future of Biotech for the U.S. and Mexico,” pg online @ http://www.latinolawblog.com/2007/10/articles/crossborder-insolvency/moving-technology-across-the-border-the-future-of-biotech-for-the-us-and-mexico/ ghs-ef)
With so many …as a whole.
And, the aff offers a model for Mexican innovation and cooperation on Life Sciences

Surpin et al 2k7
(Beni Surpin, Bram Hanono and Joseph Panetta, CEO, Biocom, Master of Public Health from the University of Pittsburgh a bachelor of science degree in biology from LeMoyne College Panetta has been actively involved in biotechnology product development and commercialization for more than 20 years, joined Mycogen Corporation, a pioneering San Diego based biotechnology firm where he played a principal role in commercialization of the first recombinant DNA microbes and crops, “Moving Technology Across the Border: The Future of Biotech for the U.S. and Mexico,” pg online @ http://www.latinolawblog.com/2007/10/articles/crossborder-insolvency/moving-technology-across-the-border-the-future-of-biotech-for-the-us-and-mexico/ ghs-ef)
Historically, the collaborative … to new levels.

And, IP Protections encourage Latin American Specific Disease and Pharma Breakthroughs
Bacalski 2k6
(Juan, J.D., University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law, 2007; B.S., Animal Physiology and Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, 1993, “Mexico's Pharmaceutical Patent Dilemma And The Lesson Of India,” Fall, 2006 23 Ariz. J. Int'l and Comp. Law 717 pg lexisghs-ef)
Technology thrives when …  player in the world market.

US-Mexico cooperation over marine biosynthesis is critical to maintain ocean ecology—but, lack of patent rights and a model to incentivize development hinders breakthroughs
NRC 99
(AMC-NRC Joint Working Group on Ocean Sciences; Ocean Studies Board (OSB); Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources (CGER); Division on Earth and Life Studies (DELS); Academia Mexicana de Ciencias; National Research Council. “Building Ocean Science Partnerships: The United States and Mexico Working Together.” Pg online at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5874//sd)
 A good basis … distribution of royalties.

Joint research solves ocean tectonics and marine ecosystems
Ayala-Casta Flares and Knox 2k
(Agustin Ayala-CastaFlares Universidad Naeional Aut6noma de Mexico  Mexico City Mexico Robert A. Knox Scripps Institution qfi Oceanography  University of Cal!fornia  San Diego USA. “Opportunities and challenges for Mexico-U.S. cooperation in ocean sciences” pg online at http://www.tos.org/oceanography/archive/13-3_castanares.pdf//sd)
Much of the Report is … own marine natural products.
Loss of marine biodiversity collapses the overall biodiversity—only our studies control oceanic variables
Science Daily 2
(“Marine Biodiversity Essential To Preserving Species” pg online at http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/08/020822065304.htm//sd)
A new study …  larger rockfish and other groundfish.

Biodiversity loss burns the book of life—there is an invisible threshold and status quo management is ineffective
Howard 11
(Patricia, University of Kent (UK) and Wageningen University (NL), Royal Society, “Tipping Points and Biodiversity Change:Consequences for Human Wellbeing andChallenges for Science and Policy” pg online at http://www.academia.edu/537857/Tipping_Points_and_Biodiversity_Change_Consequences_for_Human_Wellbeing_and_Challenges_for_Science_and_Policy//sd)
Biodiversity, in its broadest …  and even global catastrophe.

Independently, ocean ecosystem collapse causes extinction
Craig ‘03
Associate Prof Law, Indiana U School Law, 2003
(McGeorge Law Review, 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155 Lexis)
Biodiversity and ecosystem …  biosphere with us.
Joint US-Mexican investigation on the Gulf of California is vital to mitigate tectonic rifts
NRC 99
(AMC-NRC Joint Working Group on Ocean Sciences; Ocean Studies Board (OSB); Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources (CGER); Division on Earth and Life Studies (DELS); Academia Mexicana de Ciencias; National Research Council. “Building Ocean Science Partnerships: The United States and Mexico Working Together.” Pg online at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5874//sd)
The Continental Borderland …  some paleontologic data?

Oceanic plate tectonics independently cause extinction and also trigger severe warming
DeConto 8
(Rob, Ph.D., University of Colorado/National Center for Atmospheric Research, “PLATE TECTONICS AND CLIMATE CHANGE” pg online at https://www.geo.umass.edu/climate/papers2/deconto_tectonicsandclimate.pdf//sd)
The prolonged, effusive …  on all timescales.

Warming guarantees multiple positive feedbacks triggering extinction.
Tickell -08 (Oliver, Climate Researcher, The Gaurdian, “On a planet 4C hotter, all we can prepare for is extinction”, 8/11http:www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange)
We need to …  similar hothouse Earth.

Release of methane hydrates from ocean crystals causes extinction
Hartmann 13
(Tom is a New York Times bestselling Project Censored Award winning author “The 'Ticking Time Bomb' That Could Cause Such Rapid Global Warming We'd Be Unable to Prevent Extinction” pg online at http://web.alternet.org/environment/ticking-time-bomb-could-cause-such-rapid-global-warming-wed-be-unable-prevent-extinction//sd)
Methane is a …  last mass extinction.

Plan text:
Plan: The United States federal government should provide technical assistance to the government of Mexico for implementation of commercial domestic intellectual property protections.
Advantage 2: Trade

USTR has a new push for ACTA—that causes stringent enforcement
EFF 3/1/13
(“US Trade Office Calls ACTA Back From the Dead and Canada Complies” in the Electronic Frontier Foundation pg online at https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/03/us-trade-office-calls-acta-back-dead-and-canada-complies//sd)
Major announcements from …  content industry interests.
USTR enforcement of IP independently disincentives free trade—the plan’s approach to IP enforcement reverse heavy handed pressure
Rangnath 11
(Rashmi, prior to joining Public Knowledge as a Staff Attorney and Director of PK's Global Knowledge Initiative, Rashmi Rangnath was a part time Law Clerk for special projects as well as a student Intern, working on copyright and patent law issues. Ms. Rangnath has also worked at the Association of Research Libraries as a student intern. “PK tells USTR: Adopt a More Rational Trade Policy” on Public Knowledge pg online at http://publicknowledge.org/blog/pk-tells-ustr-adopt-more-rational-trade-polic//sd)
Today, we filed two sets … and inclusive approach.

Specifically, USPTO technical assistance reverses negative USTR perceptions and trades off with the status quo policy of enforcement
Kaminski 12
(Margot e is a research scholar in law, executive director of the information society project, and lecturer in law at yale law school. she is a graduate of harvard university and yale law school and a former fellow of the information society project.lead article: the u.s. trade representative's democracy problem: the an-ti-counterfeiting trade agreement (acta) as a juncture for international lawmaking in the united states, suffolk transnational law review, 35 suffolk transnat'l l. rev. 519, symposium, 2012 pg online at lexissd)
The PRO-IP Act …  directed towards USTR.

US-India relations are at a crossroads—they are unwilling to meet high USTR IP standards over trade
Wills 7/24/13
(Ashley, served as the U.S. deputy chief of mission in New Delhi, U.S. ambassador to Sri Lanka and the Maldives, and assistant U.S. trade representative for South and Central Asia, “Repairing U.S.-Indian Trade Relations” pg online at http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887324110404578625410443236422//sd)
U.S. Vice President Joe Biden …t India must reverse its trade failures.

Relations are critical to prevent Indo-pak war
Cookman and Katulis 9, Colin Cookman is the Special Assistant for National Security at American Progress and Brian Katulis is a Senior Fellow, (Colin and Brian, “The U.S.-India Strategic Partnership Is Vital,” November 24, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/11/india_state_visit.html)
Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh …. stability and achieve progress on global challenges.
India-Pakistan nuclear war is imminent—newest Kashmiri skirmishes have increased tensions
NY Times 1/22/13
(“India Warns Kashmiris to Prepare for Nuclear War” pg online at http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/23/world/asia/indian-officials-advise-preparations-for-possible-war.html//sd)
Indian officials are …. in the world.

New Pakistani tactical nukes preclude deterrence and make nuclear war likely
Reuters 9/12/13
(“South Asian arms race raises risk of nuclear war: IISS think tank” pg online at http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/12/us-southasia-nuclear-idUSBRE98B0R220130912//sd)
An arms race …  a nuclear weapons state.
Escalates globally and hair-trigger alerts cause extinction
Helen Caldicott, Physicians for Social Responsibility, THE NEW NUCLEAR DANGER, 2002, p. xii.

The use of Pakistani ….  life on earth.

US cooperative trade is critical to stop hostile trade blocs and global conflicts
Bergsten, Director of the Peterson Institute for International Economics and former Assistant Secretary for International Affairs at the Treasury Department, 9-27-97 (C. Fred, “America and the World,” The Economist,http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/print.cfm?doc=pubandResearchID=291)
Third, American leadership …  staying power in other respects.

Nuclear war
Seita 97, Law Professor at Albany Law School, J.D. from Stanford, M.B.A. from Stanford, 97 (Alex, “Globalization and the Convergence of Values,” Cornell International Law Journal, 30 Cornell Int'l L.J. 429)
In an indirect way, the cultural … - the human race - though represented by different governments.

Tournament: MBA | Round: 1 | Opponent: GBN CH | Judge: Andres Gannon
Advantage 1: Cooperation –
First, our Framework for Cooperation is good – The plan is key to both U.S. and Mexican Biotech innovation and development – it pushes Mexico beyond a simple manufacturing base  

Surpin et al 2k7
(Beni Surpin, Bram Hanono and Joseph Panetta, CEO, Biocom, Master of Public Health from the University of Pittsburgh a bachelor of science degree in biology from LeMoyne College Panetta has been actively involved in biotechnology product development and commercialization for more than 20 years, joined Mycogen Corporation, a pioneering San Diego based biotechnology firm where he played a principal role in commercialization of the first recombinant DNA microbes and crops, “Moving Technology Across the Border: The Future of Biotech for the U.S. and Mexico,” pg online @ http://www.latinolawblog.com/2007/10/articles/crossborder-insolvency/moving-technology-across-the-border-the-future-of-biotech-for-the-us-and-mexico/ ghs-ef)
With so many… region as a whole.
And, the aff offers a model for Mexican innovation and cooperation on Life Sciences

Surpin et al 2k7
(Beni Surpin, Bram Hanono and Joseph Panetta, CEO, Biocom, Master of Public Health from the University of Pittsburgh a bachelor of science degree in biology from LeMoyne College Panetta has been actively involved in biotechnology product development and commercialization for more than 20 years, joined Mycogen Corporation, a pioneering San Diego based biotechnology firm where he played a principal role in commercialization of the first recombinant DNA microbes and crops, “Moving Technology Across the Border: The Future of Biotech for the U.S. and Mexico,” pg online @ http://www.latinolawblog.com/2007/10/articles/crossborder-insolvency/moving-technology-across-the-border-the-future-of-biotech-for-the-us-and-mexico/ ghs-ef)
Historically, the collaborative…  industry to new levels.
And, Cross-border cooperation catalyzes biotech innovation — that spreads globally and establishes an international model for the life sciences 

SDD 2k7 — San Diego Dialogue, a division of University of California San Diego Extension, contributing to the advancement of research, relationships and solutions to the San Diego-Baja California crossborder region's long-term challenges in innovation, economy, health and education. As a part of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Division of Extended Studies and Public Programs, the Dialogue is an entirely self-funded public policy organization (San Diego Dialogue, Crossborder Group Inc., June 2007, “Borderless Biotech and Mexico’s Emerging Life Sciences Industry,” pg online @ http://www.sandiegodialogue.org/pdfs/Borderless_Biotech.pdf ghs-ef)
This document is yet…  world of borderless biotech.
And, Mexico is key – Boasts UNIQUE expertise and base of scientific research but commercialization is key

SDD 2k7 — San Diego Dialogue, a division of University of California San Diego Extension, contributing to the advancement of research, relationships and solutions to the San Diego-Baja California crossborder region's long-term challenges in innovation, economy, health and education. As a part of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Division of Extended Studies and Public Programs, the Dialogue is an entirely self-funded public policy organization (San Diego Dialogue, Crossborder Group Inc., June 2007, “Borderless Biotech and Mexico’s Emerging Life Sciences Industry,” pg online @ http://www.sandiegodialogue.org/pdfs/Borderless_Biotech.pdf ghs-ef)
In most discussions …generics bioequivalency requirements. 

And, robust IP protection prevents Mexican brain drain and enables advanced Mexican science

March et al 2k8
(Gerardo Jimenez-Sanchez1,   Irma Silva-Zolezzi,   Alfredo Hidalgo, and   Santiago March, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico, “Genomic medicine in Mexico: Initial steps and the road ahead,” pg online @ http://genome.cshlp.org/content/18/8/1191.full ghs-ef)
Developing genomic medicine…  in genomic medicine.

And, IP Protections provide the BEST protections for the poor and encourage Latin American Specific Disease and Pharma Breakthroughs
Bacalski 2k6
(Juan, J.D., University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law, 2007; B.S., Animal Physiology and Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, 1993, “Mexico's Pharmaceutical Patent Dilemma And The Lesson Of India,” Fall, 2006 23 Ariz. J. Int'l and Comp. Law 717 pg lexisghs-ef)
Technology thrives when … the world market.

Second, the impacts –
First, Life Sciences – extinction is inevitable absent biological improvements to the biosphere

NAS 8 (National Academy of Sciences, “The Role of the Life Sciences in Transforming America's Future Summary of a Workshop” December 3, 2008, Board on Life Sciences Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council)
A Critical Time for the Life … sustainably on earth.
Biotech advances independently solves extinction

Trewavas, 2k – Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology at the University of Edinburgh
(Anthony, “GM Is the Best Option We Have,” 6/5/2000, www.agbioworld.org/biotech-info/articles/biotech-art/best_option.html)
In 535A.D. a volcano near …  of it is "be prepared".

Second is disease - BSL-4 inevitably escapes and leads to extinction

Wilson 12
Professional Associate at the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute and J.D. from Lewis 26 Clark Law School
Grant, "Minimizing Global Catastrophic and Existential Risks from Emerging Technologies through International Law," Accepted @ Virginia Environmental Law Journal, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2179094
*GCR/ER = Global Catastrophic and Existential Risk
An accidental release … GCR/ER existential risk.

And, Drug-resistant TB strains are developing in Mexico – spreads quickly and is airborne

Wall Street Journal 3/8
(“Risk of Deadly TB Exposure Grows Along U.S.-Mexico Border,” pg online @ https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/tb-roundtable/N3ec0AnfzZA ghs-ef)
The Tijuana General Hospital … the World Health Organization.
And, XDR TB spread risks becoming a pandemic – puts the global population at risk

Bio-Medicine 2007 – one of the Internet’s leading online Organizations devoted to biology and medicine,  http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news/The-Dreaded-Disease-Tuberculosis-Raises-Its-Ugly-Head-20674-1/
The Dreaded Disease Tuberculosis … the highly lethal XDR-TB. 

Plan text:
Plan: The United States federal government should provide technical assistance to the government of Mexico for implementation of commercial domestic intellectual property protections.
Advantage 2: Trade

USTR has a new push for ACTA—that causes stringent enforcement
EFF 3/1/13
(“US Trade Office Calls ACTA Back From the Dead and Canada Complies” in the Electronic Frontier Foundation pg online at https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/03/us-trade-office-calls-acta-back-dead-and-canada-complies//sd)
Major announcements from … other content industry interests.
USTR enforcement of IP independently disincentives free trade—the plan’s approach to IP enforcement reverse heavy handed pressure
Rangnath 11
(Rashmi, prior to joining Public Knowledge as a Staff Attorney and Director of PK's Global Knowledge Initiative, Rashmi Rangnath was a part time Law Clerk for special projects as well as a student Intern, working on copyright and patent law issues. Ms. Rangnath has also worked at the Association of Research Libraries as a student intern. “PK tells USTR: Adopt a More Rational Trade Policy” on Public Knowledge pg online at http://publicknowledge.org/blog/pk-tells-ustr-adopt-more-rational-trade-polic//sd)
Today, we filed two sets … and inclusive approach.

Specifically, USPTO technical assistance reverses negative USTR perceptions and trades off with the status quo policy of enforcement
Kaminski 12
(Margot e is a research scholar in law, executive director of the information society project, and lecturer in law at yale law school. she is a graduate of harvard university and yale law school and a former fellow of the information society project.lead article: the u.s. trade representative's democracy problem: the an-ti-counterfeiting trade agreement (acta) as a juncture for international lawmaking in the united states, suffolk transnational law review, 35 suffolk transnat'l l. rev. 519, symposium, 2012 pg online at lexissd)
The PRO-IP …  directed towards USTR.

US-India relations are at a crossroads—they are unwilling to meet high USTR IP standards over trade
Wills 7/24/13
(Ashley, served as the U.S. deputy chief of mission in New Delhi, U.S. ambassador to Sri Lanka and the Maldives, and assistant U.S. trade representative for South and Central Asia, “Repairing U.S.-Indian Trade Relations” pg online at http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887324110404578625410443236422//sd)
U.S. Vice President Joe … India must reverse its trade failures.

Relations are critical to prevent Indo-pak war
Cookman and Katulis 9, Colin Cookman is the Special Assistant for National Security at American Progress and Brian Katulis is a Senior Fellow, (Colin and Brian, “The U.S.-India Strategic Partnership Is Vital,” November 24, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/11/india_state_visit.html)
Indian Prime Minister Manmohan … achieve progress on global challenges.
India-Pakistan nuclear war is imminent—newest Kashmiri skirmishes have increased tensions
NY Times 1/22/13
(“India Warns Kashmiris to Prepare for Nuclear War” pg online at http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/23/world/asia/indian-officials-advise-preparations-for-possible-war.html//sd)
Indian officials are …. militarized areas in the world.

New Pakistani tactical nukes preclude deterrence and make nuclear war likely
Reuters 9/12/13
(“South Asian arms race raises risk of nuclear war: IISS think tank” pg online at http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/12/us-southasia-nuclear-idUSBRE98B0R220130912//sd)
An arms race in … it as a nuclear weapons state.
Escalates globally and hair-trigger alerts cause extinction
Helen Caldicott, Physicians for Social Responsibility, THE NEW NUCLEAR DANGER, 2002, p. xii.

The use of Pakistani … most life on earth.

US cooperative trade is critical to stop hostile trade blocs and global conflicts
Bergsten, Director of the Peterson Institute for International Economics and former Assistant Secretary for International Affairs at the Treasury Department, 9-27-97 (C. Fred, “America and the World,” The Economist,http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/print.cfm?doc=pubandResearchID=291)
Third, American leadership …. for America to withdraw from such a central component of international affairs, or indeed repudiate initiatives undertaken with great fanfare by its own president and his predecessors, without jolting confidence in its staying power in other respects.

Nuclear war
Seita 97, Law Professor at Albany Law School, J.D. from Stanford, M.B.A. from Stanford, 97 (Alex, “Globalization and the Convergence of Values,” Cornell International Law Journal, 30 Cornell Int'l L.J. 429)
In an indirect way, …. - the human race - though represented by different governments.

Tournament: Hockaday | Round: 4 | Opponent: Jesuit | Judge: Ziegler
2AC Mexican Politics
No impact
Villagran 9/3 (Lauren, CS monitor writer, “Mexico's Peña Nieto scores early political wins – but can he sustain support?”, CS Monitor, September 3 2013, http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Americas/2013/0903/Mexico-s-Pena-Nieto-scores-early-political-wins-but-can-he-sustain-support-video )
Yet the changes Peña Nieto 

says Carlos Bravo Regidor, political science professor at Mexico's Center for Research and Teaching in Economics (CIDE). 

Non-unique link: USPTO increasing IPR enforcement and personnel in MEXICO now
Espinel 13
(Victoria A., U.S. Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator, Assistant U.S. Representative for Intellectual Property and Innovation, Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, “2013 JOINT STRATEGIC PLAN ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ENFORCEMENT” U.S. Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator June 2, pg online at http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/IPEC/2013-us-ipec-joint-strategic-plan.pdf//sd)
The 17 key U.S. Embassies will continue to report regularly to the interagency working group regarding their progress on implementing the Embassy IP Work Plans. 

 to strategic locations to strengthen international cooperation on enforcement, to address threats at the source, and to enhance international cooperation and capacity-building efforts.

Uniqueness overwhelms the link – the Mexican left is fractured and can’t take advantage of popular resistance
Fausset 9/7 (Richard, LA times author, “Mexico's left wages campaign to derail Peña Nieto's agenda”, LA times, September 7 2013, http://www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-mexico-leftists-20130908,0,2402949.story )
MEXICO CITY — They have taken to the streets by the thousands, generating headlines and dramatically disrupting the day-to-day rhythms of the hemisphere's largest city. But 

and forming his own political movement called Morena. (The PRD is planning a separate energy reform protest on Sept. 15.)

And, Nieto’s recent PUBLIC calls for increased economic engagement with the US disprove the link
Fox News 9/20/13
(“Biden's Mexico Trip To Focus On Economy, May Touch On NSA Spying And DEA Killer” pg online at http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/politics/2013/09/20/biden-mexico-trip-to-focus-on-economy-may-touch-on-nsa-spying-and-dea-killer///sd)
While economic issues between the countries will be the centerpiece of the public meeting Friday between Vice President Joe 

Center for Scholars. “However it is hard to keep the public attention away from security.”

brain drain hinders Nieto’s reforms—aff solves
Hennemuth 13
Elizabeth Hennemuth, Fellow of The Project on International Peace and Security, think tank based in the College of William and Mary, William and Mary Institute for the Theory and Practice of International Relations, “Unintended Consequences: Considering Mexico’s Stability when Designing U.S. Immigration Reform,” May 2013, http://www.wm.edu/offices/itpir/_documents/pips/2012-2013/hennemuth_e_brief.pdf

More visas for highly skilled and educated workers would create opportunities for middle-class Mexicans seeking employment, safety, and a better future for their children. A large-scale influx of Mexican professionals into the United States 

The departure of better-educated, higher-earning migrants would leave the general Mexican population worse off economically.173

Disad isn’t logical—Nieto is campaigning for PEMEX reform in order to increase US investments
Tico Times (spicy!!) 9/29/13
(“Mexican president's agenda enters decisive phase” pg online at http://www.ticotimes.net/More-news/News-Briefs/Mexican-president-s-agenda-enters-decisive-phase_Sunday-September-29-2013//sd)
A crucial test for Peña Nieto might come as soon as mid-October, with lawmakers expected to vote in the coming weeks 

wells from mostly U.S. and British firms on March 18, 1938, an event celebrated here as Oil Expropriation Day.
No impact to opposition—Education reform passed despite heavy protests
DW 9/5
“Mexican Senate passes education reform as teachers continue to protest” pg online at http://www.dw.de/mexican-senate-passes-education-reform-as-teachers-continue-to-protest/a-17068473
Tens of thousands of teachers took to the streets of 

 of a series of reforms Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto has dubbed the "grand transformation."

Re-election bill thumps—it’s in October and contentious
WSJ 9/27/13
(‘Mexico Edges Toward Ending Some Term Limits” pg online at http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304795804579101300885562672.html//sd)
The re-election issue has sparked heated discussions 

, while allowing voters to make their representatives more accountable since they could be punished or rewarded at the ballot box for their performance.
Nieto doesn’t have political capital and scandals thump it
Ackerman 2013
John M., professor at the Institute for Legal Research of the National Autonomous University of Mexico and a visiting scholar at American University, “The Mexico Bubble,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/05/01/the_mexico_bubble_enrique_pena_nieto?wpisrc=obnetwork
According to the hype, Peña Nieto has already transformed the 

This will be an important test of political will for Peña Nieto to see whether he is able to prioritize accountability over political expediency. 

Teachers union protests hurt political capital
Montes 2013
Juan, “Strikes by Mexican Teachers Challenge New President,” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323551004578438882863242710.html
Last week, tens of thousands of teachers, some armed with metal bars and Molotov cocktails, marched in Guerrero's capital, Chilpancingo. 

It would also raise doubts over whether the education overhaul will be fully implemented, analysts say. Government officials say the protests won't stop the changes from proceeding.
Pemex reform not key- renewables too easily exploited
Lee, 11 -- Houston Journal of International Law executive editor
Zachary, "The Silver Lining to a Cloudy Situation," Houston Journal of International Law, 2011, 33.2, ebsco

WITH OR WITHOUT PEMEX REFORM
Much has been made of Mexico’s efforts to inject private capital and expertise into Pemex.

 so companies can produce more and generate more jobs, and so that people here can benefit through rent or association with these projects.”46
Even with Pemex reforms it’s too risky to do business with Mexico
Casillas 13- Juan Casillas, based in Mexico City, provides consulting services to international corporations regarding their activities in Mexico as well as to Mexican businesses on their operations and initiatives overseas. He is a seasoned participant in the Mexican market who has worked in both Mexico and the United States and has substantial experience in business development, strategic planning and analysis, government public affairs, and consulting in both countries. He has worked with companies in the financial, energy, manufacturing, infrastructure, hospitality, pharmaceutical, transportation, security, technology, and mining industries amongst others. He is fluent in Spanish and English. Prior to joining ManattJones, Mr. Casillas was the General Manager of STR SA de CV, a software development company. In 2000, Mr. Casillas founded Colegioweb SA de CV, an Internet company dedicated to providing Extranet services to schools and medium-size companies and organizations. From 1993 to 1999, Mr. Casillas was the Assistant General Director of a hologram manufacturing company in Mexico. Prior to the above, Mr. Casillas worked at Andersen Consulting in the Chicago office and at Servicios de Fomento Industrial, a Mexican consulting firm.

Juan Casillas, Michael Melamed, Mexico's upcoming energy reform: Opportunities, limitations, and challenges, Lexology, January 25 2013, http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=65b2a55c-4e63-44d5-bfb5-c90113fdf287, Accessed 10/7/13

Of course, there are and will continue to be risks associated with 

implementation of the reform are on the current Administration's agenda.

Tournament: Hockaday | Round: 4 | Opponent: Jesuit | Judge: Ziegler
2AC EE Catagories

We meet: tech assistance is economic engagement
Stensland 5/19
(Jeff, Associate Director of News and Internal Communications, “USC launches Office of Economic Engagement” pg online at http://www.sc.edu/news/newsarticle.php?nid=6181#.UjishsZjuSo//sd)
To better harness it, USC is creating the new Office of Economic Engagement. 

we will better meet the needs of South Carolinians.”

We meet: tech assistance is aid for trade
Cai 8
(Phoenix X.F. Assistant Professor of Law, University of Denver Sturm College of Law, University of California at Berkeley College of Law: Boalt Hall, J.D. 1999; Washington University in St. Louis, B.A. 1996. “36 Denv. J. Int'l L. and Pol'y 283” in the Denver Journal of International Law and Policy pg online at lexissd)
... Aid for trade is broad, multifaceted, and complex, comprising forms such as technical 

international trading system has much to gain from the effective use of aid for trade as a tool for fulfilling the promise of the Doha Development Agenda, alleviating global poverty, and giving developing nations a well-deserved placed at the table in the global trade regime.

IP protections is economic engagement with the government
US Chamber 13
(“U.S. Chamber Recommends More Economic Engagement With Pakistan” pg online at http://www.uschamber.com/node/5057/252Fseptember//sd)
U.S. Chamber Recommends More Economic Engagement 

sector investment in the country.
Technical assistance is government to government
Espinel 13
(Victoria A., U.S. Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator, Assistant U.S. Representative for Intellectual Property and Innovation, Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, “2013 JOINT STRATEGIC PLAN ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ENFORCEMENT” U.S. Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator June 2, pg online at http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/IPEC/2013-us-ipec-joint-strategic-plan.pdf//sd)
Government-to-Government Enforcement Training:
 property rights crime

Tech assistance for IP is long term
GAO 2k4
(Government Accountability Office, “INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY U.S. Efforts Have Contributed to Strengthened Laws Overseas, but Challenges Remain,” pg online @ http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d04912.pdf ghs-ef)
In addition to sponsoring seminars and 

enforcement issues may also support improved intellectual property enforcement.33
Providing technical assistance is trade and economic development
UN 5
(“Promotion of WTO-trade related Technical Assistance and Capacity Building” pg online at http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.php?page=viewandtype=1006andmenu=1348andnr=1611//sd)
International trade plays an important role in the promotion of 

 developing countries may benefit from the multilateral trading system. 

Counter-interp: Economic engagement is expanding economic ties
Kahler 4 – Miles Kahler, Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies at the University of California, San Diego, and Scott L. Kastner Department of Government and Politics University of Maryland, “Strategic Uses of Economic Interdependence: Engagement Policies in South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan”, November, http://www.bsos.umd.edu/gvpt/kastner/KahlerKastner.doc

Economic engagement—a policy of deliberately expanding economic ties 

 instead, it may be more widespread than previously recognized.

Conflation DA: They exclude all affs--Economic engagement inevitably carries political/diplomatic engagement
Niblock 10 — Tim Niblock, Director of the Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies at the University of Exeter, former Director of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Durham, 2010 (“China's Growing Involvement in the Gulf: The Geopolitical Significance,” Multidimensional Diplomacy of Contemporary China, Edited by Simon Shen and Jean-Marc F. Blanchard, Published by Lexington Books, ISBN 0739139940, p. 207)
The assumption is 

 the underlying presumption to be sustained.

Tournament: Hockaday | Round: 4 | Opponent: Jesuit | Judge: Ziegler
US politics
Non-unique link: USPTO increasing IPR enforcement and personnel in MEXICO now
Espinel 13
(Victoria A., U.S. Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator, Assistant U.S. Representative for Intellectual Property and Innovation, Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, “2013 JOINT STRATEGIC PLAN ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ENFORCEMENT” U.S. Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator June 2, pg online at http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/IPEC/2013-us-ipec-joint-strategic-plan.pdf//sd)
The 17 key U.S. Embassies will continue to report reg
ularly to the interagency working group regarding their progress on implementing the Embassy IP Work Plans. 

to strategic locations to strengthen international cooperation on enforcement, to address threats at the source, and to enhance international cooperation and capacity-building efforts.

USPTO power shields the link—broad discretionary authority and unilateral funding
Tran 12
(Sarah, B.S., Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, J.D., Order of the Coif, Georgetown University Law Center, “Patent powers” in the Harvard Journal of Law and Technology,. Pg. 609 Vol. 25 No. 2 pg online at lexissd)
Other powers granted by the America Invents Act also 

rulemaking muscles and invited it to flex them.
Obama is TOAST! CIR won’t pass and PC is divergent

Washington Post 10/17/13
(Obama to refocus on key aspects of agenda,” pg lexisghs-ef)
President Obama, fresh off a trouncing of congressional Republicans over the government shutdown, 

. The Environmental Protection Agency was hit hard by the shutdown - with 94 percent of its staff furloughed - but EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy said it did not have a significant effect on efforts to craft climate rules for new and existing power plants. "We're not going to lose any time," McCarthy said. "We're going to be able to deliver."

PC Not real and winners win
Hirsch, 13 (Michael Hirsch, chief correspondent for National Journal. He also contributes to 2012 Decoded. Hirsh previously served as the senior editor and national economics correspondent for Newsweek, based in its Washington bureau. He was also Newsweek’s Washington web editor and authored a weekly column for Newsweek.com, “The World from Washington.” Earlier on, he was Newsweek’s foreign editor, guiding its award-winning coverage of the September 11 attacks and the war on terror. He has done on-the-ground reporting in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other places around the world, and served as the Tokyo-based Asia Bureau Chief for Institutional Investor from 1992 to 1994. http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207)

On Tuesday, in his State of the Union address, President Obama will do 

on the right as a closet socialist. After that, Obama’s public posturing provoked automatic opposition from the GOP, no matter what he said. If the president put his personal imprimatur on any plan—from deficit reduction, to health care, to immigration reform—Republicans were virtually guaranteed to come out against it. But this year, when he sought to exploit the chastened GOP’s newfound willingness to compromise on immigration, his approach was different. He seemed to understand that the Republicans needed to reclaim immigration reform as their own issue, and he was willing to let them have some credit. When he mounted his bully pulpit in Nevada, he delivered another new message as well: You Republicans don’t have to listen to what I say anymore. And don’t worry about who’s got the political capital. Just take a hard look at where I’m saying this: in a state you were supposed to have won but lost because of the rising Hispanic vote. Obama was cleverly pointing the GOP toward conclusions that he knows it is already reaching on its own: If you, the Republicans, want to have any kind of a future in a vastly changed electoral map, you have no choice but to move. It’s your choice.

Obama backs away from controversial agency decisions
Herz ’12
(Michael E., professor of law and co-director of the Floersheimer Center for Constitutional Democracy, “Political Oversight of Agency Decisionmaking”, Administrative Law JOTWELL, 1-23-2012)
Mendelson begins with two important but often overlooked points. First, we know 

(Although Mendelson does not make the connection explicit, her account resonates with critiques by supporters of a nondelegation doctrine with teeth who are dismayed by Congress’s desire to take credit but not blame.)

USPTO has allocated money and full spending authority without Congressional approval
Tran 12
(Sarah, B.S., Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, J.D., Order of the Coif, Georgetown University Law Center, “Patent powers” in the Harvard Journal of Law and Technology,. Pg. 609 Vol. 25 No. 2 pg online at lexissd)
More Resources, More Flexibility, More Power 

establishing substantive patent law standards.
Obama doesn’t push the plan
Shull 2k
Shull, Professor of Political Science, 2000 (Steven, Presidential-Congressional Relations, p. 3)
Many bills are introduced without 

executive, but Congress retains a firm hand on many others.

Obama using capital to ease Congress’ hardline Iranian sanctions
Jerusalem Post 11/4/13
(“The ticking clocks of Iran's nuclear program” pg online at lexissd)
The stick Those in support of the measure argue that sanctions are a proven 

Ayatollah Khamenei, for attempting a futile reconciliation effort with the US.
Healthcare roll-out thumps
Democratic Underground 11/5/13
(“Heads need to roll for ACA still draining Obama's time and political capital!” pg online at http://www.democraticunderground.com/10023981311//sd)
Why? Because we are being delayed and set back on LGBT rights

so that he loses little further time or political capital unnecessarily!

US Agencies enforcing international IPR protection and coordination
Yager 9
(Loren, Director, International Affairs and Trade, Four Free Trade Agreements GAO Reviewed Have Resulted in Commercial Benefits, but Challenges on Labor and Environment Remain” GAO Report, pg online at lexissd)
The four selected FTAs have largely accomplished U.S. commercial objectives. While varying in some details, these FTAs have all 

to pursue further improvements.

Obama unpopular now because of lack of IP protections—aff solves
SIP 12
(“INTERNATIONAL IP ENFORCEMENT: PROTECTING PATENTS, TRADE SECRETS AND MARKET ACCESS” in the HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, COMPETITION, AND THE INTERNET OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION pg online http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112hhrg74817/html/CHRG-112hhrg74817.htm//sd)
Some have argued that the Obama administration has taken a 

tion develops their next joint strategic plan, they must expand their approach. The Administration should ensure that a significant part of IP enforcement includes the issues around patents, trade secrets, and market access. 

International aid and assistance high toward Latin America—should have triggered your links
Shah 13
(Rajiv, Administrator U.S. Agency for International Development, “United States, Canada and Africa; USAID's Shah At Senate Hearing On FY-2014 Budget Priorities” April 24th pg online at lexis)
The President's fiscal year 2014 budget request 

investment for development.

IPR legislation is using backdoor laws and avoid public debates and controversy
Tech Crunch 12
(“Zombie SOPA? Congressman Introduces Pieces Of Defeated Bill, With Support From Former Opponent Issa” pg online at http://techcrunch.com/2012/07/10/sopa-intellectual-property-attache-act///sd)
It’s alive! Hollywood darling U.S. Representative Lamar Smith is attempting to 

backdoor laws to skirt an open public debate about important technology issues.

Tournament: AAA | Round: Finals | Opponent: Contact Info | Judge:
Aff: Sohumdaftary@gmail.com
Neg: rickyghs5@gmail.com

Tournament: TOC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Sioux Falls MK | Judge: Greenstein
Advantage 1: Cooperation – 

First, our Framework for Cooperation is good – The plan is key to both U.S. and Mexican Biotech innovation and development – it pushes Mexico beyond a simple manufacturing base  

Surpin et al 2k7
(Beni Surpin, Bram Hanono and Joseph Panetta, CEO, Biocom, Master of Public Health from the University of Pittsburgh a bachelor of science degree in biology from LeMoyne College Panetta has been actively involved in biotechnology product development and commercialization for more than 20 years, joined Mycogen Corporation, a pioneering San Diego based biotechnology firm where he played a principal role in commercialization of the first recombinant DNA microbes and crops, “Moving Technology Across the Border: The Future of Biotech for the U.S. and Mexico,” pg online @ http://www.latinolawblog.com/2007/10/articles/crossborder-insolvency/moving-technology-across-the-border-the-future-of-biotech-for-the-us-and-mexico/ ghs-ef)
With so many …as a whole.
And, the aff offers a model for Mexican innovation and cooperation on Life Sciences

Surpin et al 2k7
(Beni Surpin, Bram Hanono and Joseph Panetta, CEO, Biocom, Master of Public Health from the University of Pittsburgh a bachelor of science degree in biology from LeMoyne College Panetta has been actively involved in biotechnology product development and commercialization for more than 20 years, joined Mycogen Corporation, a pioneering San Diego based biotechnology firm where he played a principal role in commercialization of the first recombinant DNA microbes and crops, “Moving Technology Across the Border: The Future of Biotech for the U.S. and Mexico,” pg online @ http://www.latinolawblog.com/2007/10/articles/crossborder-insolvency/moving-technology-across-the-border-the-future-of-biotech-for-the-us-and-mexico/ ghs-ef)
Historically, the collaborative … to new levels.

And, IP Protections encourage Latin American Specific Disease and Pharma Breakthroughs
Bacalski 2k6
(Juan, J.D., University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law, 2007; B.S., Animal Physiology and Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, 1993, “Mexico's Pharmaceutical Patent Dilemma And The Lesson Of India,” Fall, 2006 23 Ariz. J. Int'l and Comp. Law 717 pg lexisghs-ef)
Technology thrives when …  player in the world market.

US-Mexico cooperation over marine biosynthesis is critical to maintain ocean ecology—but, lack of patent rights and a model to incentivize development hinders breakthroughs
NRC 99
(AMC-NRC Joint Working Group on Ocean Sciences; Ocean Studies Board (OSB); Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources (CGER); Division on Earth and Life Studies (DELS); Academia Mexicana de Ciencias; National Research Council. “Building Ocean Science Partnerships: The United States and Mexico Working Together.” Pg online at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5874//sd)
 A good basis … distribution of royalties.

Joint research solves ocean tectonics and marine ecosystems
Ayala-Casta Flares and Knox 2k
(Agustin Ayala-CastaFlares Universidad Naeional Aut6noma de Mexico  Mexico City Mexico Robert A. Knox Scripps Institution qfi Oceanography  University of Cal!fornia  San Diego USA. “Opportunities and challenges for Mexico-U.S. cooperation in ocean sciences” pg online at http://www.tos.org/oceanography/archive/13-3_castanares.pdf//sd)
Much of the Report is … own marine natural products.
Loss of marine biodiversity collapses the overall biodiversity—only our studies control oceanic variables
Science Daily 2
(“Marine Biodiversity Essential To Preserving Species” pg online at http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/08/020822065304.htm//sd)
A new study …  larger rockfish and other groundfish.

Biodiversity loss burns the book of life—there is an invisible threshold and status quo management is ineffective
Howard 11
(Patricia, University of Kent (UK) and Wageningen University (NL), Royal Society, “Tipping Points and Biodiversity Change:Consequences for Human Wellbeing andChallenges for Science and Policy” pg online at http://www.academia.edu/537857/Tipping_Points_and_Biodiversity_Change_Consequences_for_Human_Wellbeing_and_Challenges_for_Science_and_Policy//sd)
Biodiversity, in its broadest …  and even global catastrophe.

Independently, ocean ecosystem collapse causes extinction
Craig ‘03
Associate Prof Law, Indiana U School Law, 2003
(McGeorge Law Review, 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155 Lexis)
Biodiversity and ecosystem …  biosphere with us.
Joint US-Mexican investigation on the Gulf of California is vital to mitigate tectonic rifts
NRC 99
(AMC-NRC Joint Working Group on Ocean Sciences; Ocean Studies Board (OSB); Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources (CGER); Division on Earth and Life Studies (DELS); Academia Mexicana de Ciencias; National Research Council. “Building Ocean Science Partnerships: The United States and Mexico Working Together.” Pg online at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5874//sd)
The Continental Borderland …  some paleontologic data?

Plan text:
Plan: The United States federal government should provide technical assistance to the government of Mexico for implementation of commercial domestic intellectual property protections.
Advantage 2: Trade

USTR has a new push for ACTA—that causes stringent enforcement
EFF 3/1/13
(“US Trade Office Calls ACTA Back From the Dead and Canada Complies” in the Electronic Frontier Foundation pg online at https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/03/us-trade-office-calls-acta-back-dead-and-canada-complies//sd)
Major announcements from …  content industry interests.
USTR enforcement of IP independently disincentives free trade—the plan’s approach to IP enforcement reverse heavy handed pressure
Rangnath 11
(Rashmi, prior to joining Public Knowledge as a Staff Attorney and Director of PK's Global Knowledge Initiative, Rashmi Rangnath was a part time Law Clerk for special projects as well as a student Intern, working on copyright and patent law issues. Ms. Rangnath has also worked at the Association of Research Libraries as a student intern. “PK tells USTR: Adopt a More Rational Trade Policy” on Public Knowledge pg online at http://publicknowledge.org/blog/pk-tells-ustr-adopt-more-rational-trade-polic//sd)
Today, we filed two sets … and inclusive approach.

Specifically, USPTO technical assistance reverses negative USTR perceptions and trades off with the status quo policy of enforcement
Kaminski 12
(Margot e is a research scholar in law, executive director of the information society project, and lecturer in law at yale law school. she is a graduate of harvard university and yale law school and a former fellow of the information society project.lead article: the u.s. trade representative's democracy problem: the an-ti-counterfeiting trade agreement (acta) as a juncture for international lawmaking in the united states, suffolk transnational law review, 35 suffolk transnat'l l. rev. 519, symposium, 2012 pg online at lexissd)
The PRO-IP Act …  directed towards USTR.

US-India relations are at a crossroads—they are unwilling to meet high USTR IP standards over trade
Wills 7/24/13
(Ashley, served as the U.S. deputy chief of mission in New Delhi, U.S. ambassador to Sri Lanka and the Maldives, and assistant U.S. trade representative for South and Central Asia, “Repairing U.S.-Indian Trade Relations” pg online at http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887324110404578625410443236422//sd)
U.S. Vice President Joe Biden …t India must reverse its trade failures.

Relations are critical to prevent Indo-pak war
Cookman and Katulis 9, Colin Cookman is the Special Assistant for National Security at American Progress and Brian Katulis is a Senior Fellow, (Colin and Brian, “The U.S.-India Strategic Partnership Is Vital,” November 24, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/11/india_state_visit.html)
Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh …. stability and achieve progress on global challenges.
India-Pakistan nuclear war is imminent—newest Kashmiri skirmishes have increased tensions
NY Times 1/22/13
(“India Warns Kashmiris to Prepare for Nuclear War” pg online at http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/23/world/asia/indian-officials-advise-preparations-for-possible-war.html//sd)
Indian officials are …. in the world.

New Pakistani tactical nukes preclude deterrence and make nuclear war likely
Reuters 9/12/13
(“South Asian arms race raises risk of nuclear war: IISS think tank” pg online at http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/12/us-southasia-nuclear-idUSBRE98B0R220130912//sd)
An arms race …  a nuclear weapons state.
Escalates globally and hair-trigger alerts cause extinction
Helen Caldicott, Physicians for Social Responsibility, THE NEW NUCLEAR DANGER, 2002, p. xii.

The use of Pakistani ….  life on earth.

US cooperative trade is critical to stop hostile trade blocs and global conflicts
Bergsten, Director of the Peterson Institute for International Economics and former Assistant Secretary for International Affairs at the Treasury Department, 9-27-97 (C. Fred, “America and the World,” The Economist,http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/print.cfm?doc=pubandResearchID=291)
Third, American leadership …  staying power in other respects.

Nuclear war
Seita 97, Law Professor at Albany Law School, J.D. from Stanford, M.B.A. from Stanford, 97 (Alex, “Globalization and the Convergence of Values,” Cornell International Law Journal, 30 Cornell Int'l L.J. 429)
In an indirect way, the cultural … - the human race - though represented by different governments.

Tournament: TOC | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wayzata NG | Judge: Kaavya Ramesh
1AC Uranium 

Mexico lacks technology transfer policies that enable university to industry collaboration—the aff provides a template to establish the connection

Surpin et al 2k7
(Beni Surpin, Bram Hanono and Joseph Panetta, CEO, Biocom, Master of Public Health from the University of Pittsburgh a bachelor of science degree in biology from LeMoyne College Panetta has been actively involved in biotechnology product development and commercialization for more than 20 years, joined Mycogen Corporation, a pioneering San Diego based biotechnology firm where he played a principal role in commercialization of the first recombinant DNA microbes and crops, “Moving Technology Across the Border: The Future of Biotech for the U.S. and Mexico,” pg online @ http://www.latinolawblog.com/2007/10/articles/crossborder-insolvency/moving-technology-across-the-border-the-future-of-biotech-for-the-us-and-mexico/ ghs-ef)
With so many ….  region as a whole.
Connecting research institutions and industries enables commercialization of breakthrough technologies and creates a US-Mexico biotech hub  

Surpin et al 2k7
(Beni Surpin, Bram Hanono and Joseph Panetta, CEO, Biocom, Master of Public Health from the University of Pittsburgh a bachelor of science degree in biology from LeMoyne College Panetta has been actively involved in biotechnology product development and commercialization for more than 20 years, joined Mycogen Corporation, a pioneering San Diego based biotechnology firm where he played a principal role in commercialization of the first recombinant DNA microbes and crops, “Moving Technology Across the Border: The Future of Biotech for the U.S. and Mexico,” pg online @ http://www.latinolawblog.com/2007/10/articles/crossborder-insolvency/moving-technology-across-the-border-the-future-of-biotech-for-the-us-and-mexico/ ghs-ef)
Historically, the collaborative … nology industry to new levels.

?
Specifically, this tech transfer model between start-ups and universities is necessary for industrial biotech
Festel et al 11
(Gunter, is co-founder of Autodisplay Biotech GmbH and responsible for business development. He founded the Swiss investment firm FESTEL CAPITAL and has co-founded, as founding angel, numerous start-ups in Germany and Switzerland. Christian Detzel joined Autodisplay Biotech GmbH in January 2011 as a senior scientist and business developer. He started his scientific career as a PhD student in the research group of Prof. Dr. Jose at the Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf. Prior to that, he studied pharmacy at the Philipps-University in Marburg/Germany. Ruth Maas is co-founder and CEO of Autodisplay Biotech GmbH. She studied molecular biology at the University of Saarbrucken and the Eberhard Karls University Tubingen. Before founding Autodisplay Biotech GmbH, she was a group leader at the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry at the Heinrich-Heine University Dusseldorf. In 2000, she was also co-founder of the start-up company Pharmacelcus GmbH in Saarbrucken. “Industrial biotechnology — Markets and industry structure”sd)

Start-ups, SMEs and MNEs normally … o the own technology/product portfolio.

Mexico focused strategy on industrial biotech makes it key to breakthroughs—only university to industry linkages are key
Otero 1
(Gerardo, Professor of Sociology and International Studies at Simon Fraser University. He received his B.A. in Business Administration at the Instituto Technológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM, 1975), an M.A. in Latin American Studies, with a major in Economics, at the University of Texas at Austin (1977), and a Ph.D. in sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1986. Dr. Otero has held a faculty appointment at SFU since 1990. He was a postdoctoral visiting fellow at the Center for U.S. – Mexican Studies at the University of California, San Diego in 1986-1987, and a visiting faculty in Rural Sociology at the University of Wisconsin in 1989-1990. In 2001, he was an associate professor of sociology at Tulane University.“Technological Capabilities in Developing Countries: Industrial Biotechnology in Mexico by Ruby Gonsen” Journal of Latin American Studies, Vol. 33, No. 3 (Aug., 2001), pp. 629-632 Cambridge University Press pg online at jstorsd)
The technological gap … n biotechnological capabilities. 

Uranium shortages are inevitable--Russian retaliation at sanctions causes them to cut off cheap, irreplaceable supply
Wellen 4/8
(Russ Wellen edits the Foreign Policy in Focus blog Focal Points for the Institute of Policy Studies. A student of the metaphysics of nuclear weapons, he has written about disarmament for a variety of publications such as AlterNet, Asia Times Online, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, the Journal of Psychohistory, and Truthout. “Is U.S. Nuclear Energy or Isn’t It Dependent on Russian Enriched Uranium? (Part 1)” pg online at http://fpif.org/u-s-nuclear-energy-isnt-dependent-russian-enriched-uranium////sd)
On March 26, we ran a … develop domestic uranium deposits.

Uranium key to nuclear deterrence
Munger 2/7/14
(Frank, citing General Harencak assistant chief of staff for Strategic Deterrence and Nuclear Integration at U.S. Air Force Headquarters, “Preaching nuclear deterrence “ pg online at  http://knoxblogs.com/atomiccity/2014/02/07/preaching-nuclear-deterrence///sd)
As a speaker, he’s a …  difficult budget times.

Loss of nuclear deterrence leads to nuclear war – perception heightens the link
Caves 10 – John P. Caves Jr., Senior Research Fellow In The Center For The Study Of Weapons Of Mass Destruction At The National Defense University, January 2010, “Avoiding A Crisis Of Confidence In The U.S. Nuclear Deterrent,” Strategic Forum, No. 252
Perceptions of a …  more catastrophic than what nuclear-armed terrorists alone could inflict.

And, heavy metal clean up can extract uranium products from waste
Singh et al 11
(Department of Pharmacognosy, Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology and Management Reena Singh, Senior Director Policy at Biotechnology Industry Organization Director Policy, Science and Renewable Chemicals at Biotechnology Industry Organization, Neetu Gautam, Anurag Mishra, and Rajiv Gupta, Prof. and Dean, School of Pharmacy,BBD University,Lucknow at BBD University Head at Deptt.of Pharmacognosy,Faculty of Pharmacy,BBDNITM,Lucknow “Heavy metals and living systems: An overview” pg online at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3113373///sd)
Metal ions are … concentration levels more efficiently.

Advanced Biotechnology can uptake spoils of uranium that has been wasted
Roongtanakiat 10
(Nualchavee Roongtanakiat*, Pimsiri Sudsawad and Narippawat Ngernvijit, Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, “Uranium Absorption Ability of Sunflower, Vetiver and Purple Guinea Grass” pg online at http://www.thaiscience.info/journals/Article/Uranium20absorption20ability20of20sunflower,vetiver20and20purple20guinea20grass.pdfsd)
Many human activities … effectively for radiophytoremediation

The plan’s industrial biotech solves sustainable development—enzymes degrade waste through bio-absorption
Thakur 6
Indu Shekhar , M. Sc., Ph.D., School of Environmental Sciences, Fellow Biotechnology Research Society of India, “Industrial Biotechnology: Problems and Remedies” pg online at http://www.abebooks.com/products/isbn/9788188237531/8295993360//sd)
The last five decades …  biotechnological methods. 

Current methods for heavy metal clean-up are deleterious and ineffective—only bio-absorption solves
Naja 10
(Ghinwa, McGill University, Chemical Engineering, “Biosorption, metals” pg online at http://biosorption.mcgill.ca/publication/PDFs/ENCYwiley'10.pdf//sd)
As previously discussed, …  for heavy metal removal 

Independently, Uranium contamination causes extinction
The Homer Tribune, 7 (Maka Fairman, http://www.landofthefreeclassifieds.com/article.php?aid=1555)

No one ever truly … l corporations have killed us.

And, heavy metals contain left over depleted uranium—that’s the by-product of uranium
Zieve 9
(Robert Zieve, M.D. is director of Pine Tree Clinic (www.pinetreeclinic.com) of Prescott, Arizona, and participating physician in the Prescott Natural Medical Center and in EuroMed Clinic in Scottsdale. He is president of the Center for Healthy Medicine, “The Newest Heavy Metal Threat” pg online at http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2009/08/08/the-newest-heavy-metal-threat.aspx//sd)
This article is …  playing catchup ball.

Depleted Uranium is key to overall war-fighting capability and airpower deterrence
Spencer and Scardaville 2K1
(Jack Spencer is a Policy Analyst for Defense and National Security, and Michael Scardaville is a Research Assistant in the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies at The Heritage Foundation, “Dispelling the Myths About Military Use of Depleted Uranium” February 20, 2001, pg online @ http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2001/02/Dispelling-the-Myths-About-Military-Use-of-Depleted-Uranium//greenhill-au)
FACT: Depleted uranium is …  structure in Europe.
Air power solves multiple wars

Tellis et al ‘98
(Ashley, Ashley J., Senior Political Scientist at RAND specializing in South Asian Security, Chung Min Lee, James Mulvenon, Courtney Purrington, and Michael D. Swaine, pg online @ http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR897/MR897.chap3.pdf ghs-ef)
REGIONAL CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS … revolution in military affairs.

Plan Text
Plan: The United States federal government should provide capacity-building to the government of Mexico for implementation of commercial domestic intellectual property protections.
1AC ACTA
USTR has a new push for ACTA—that causes stringent enforcement
EFF 3/1/13
(“US Trade Office Calls ACTA Back From the Dead and Canada Complies” in the Electronic Frontier Foundation pg online at https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/03/us-trade-office-calls-acta-back-dead-and-canada-complies//sd)
Major announcements from …  content industry interests.
USTR enforcement of IP independently disincentives free trade—the plan’s approach to IP enforcement reverse heavy handed pressure
Rangnath 11
(Rashmi, prior to joining Public Knowledge as a Staff Attorney and Director of PK's Global Knowledge Initiative, Rashmi Rangnath was a part time Law Clerk for special projects as well as a student Intern, working on copyright and patent law issues. Ms. Rangnath has also worked at the Association of Research Libraries as a student intern. “PK tells USTR: Adopt a More Rational Trade Policy” on Public Knowledge pg online at http://publicknowledge.org/blog/pk-tells-ustr-adopt-more-rational-trade-polic//sd)
Today, we filed two sets … and inclusive approach.

Specifically, USPTO technical assistance reverses negative USTR perceptions and trades off with the status quo policy of enforcement
Kaminski 12
(Margot e is a research scholar in law, executive director of the information society project, and lecturer in law at yale law school. she is a graduate of harvard university and yale law school and a former fellow of the information society project.lead article: the u.s. trade representative's democracy problem: the an-ti-counterfeiting trade agreement (acta) as a juncture for international lawmaking in the united states, suffolk transnational law review, 35 suffolk transnat'l l. rev. 519, symposium, 2012 pg online at lexissd)
The PRO-IP Act …  directed towards USTR.

US-India relations are at a crossroads—they are unwilling to meet high USTR IP standards over trade
Wills 7/24/13
(Ashley, served as the U.S. deputy chief of mission in New Delhi, U.S. ambassador to Sri Lanka and the Maldives, and assistant U.S. trade representative for South and Central Asia, “Repairing U.S.-Indian Trade Relations” pg online at http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887324110404578625410443236422//sd)
U.S. Vice President Joe Biden …t India must reverse its trade failures.

Relations are critical to prevent Indo-pak war
Cookman and Katulis 9, Colin Cookman is the Special Assistant for National Security at American Progress and Brian Katulis is a Senior Fellow, (Colin and Brian, “The U.S.-India Strategic Partnership Is Vital,” November 24, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/11/india_state_visit.html)
Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh …. stability and achieve progress on global challenges.
India-Pakistan nuclear war is imminent—newest Kashmiri skirmishes have increased tensions
NY Times 1/22/13
(“India Warns Kashmiris to Prepare for Nuclear War” pg online at http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/23/world/asia/indian-officials-advise-preparations-for-possible-war.html//sd)
Indian officials are …. in the world.

New Pakistani tactical nukes preclude deterrence and make nuclear war likely
Reuters 9/12/13
(“South Asian arms race raises risk of nuclear war: IISS think tank” pg online at http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/12/us-southasia-nuclear-idUSBRE98B0R220130912//sd)
An arms race …  a nuclear weapons state.
Escalates globally and hair-trigger alerts cause extinction
Helen Caldicott, Physicians for Social Responsibility, THE NEW NUCLEAR DANGER, 2002, p. xii.

The use of Pakistani ….  life on earth.

US cooperative trade is critical to stop hostile trade blocs and global conflicts
Bergsten, Director of the Peterson Institute for International Economics and former Assistant Secretary for International Affairs at the Treasury Department, 9-27-97 (C. Fred, “America and the World,” The Economist,http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/print.cfm?doc=pubandResearchID=291)
Third, American leadership …  staying power in other respects.

Nuclear war
Seita 97, Law Professor at Albany Law School, J.D. from Stanford, M.B.A. from Stanford, 97 (Alex, “Globalization and the Convergence of Values,” Cornell International Law Journal, 30 Cornell Int'l L.J. 429)
In an indirect way, the cultural … - the human race - though represented by different governments.