Still the embargo aff but wto cred advantage replaced multilat advantage
MBA
2
Opponent: Centennial KK | Judge: Elsa Givan
Basically the same 1AC just a few new cards on the multilat advantage
TOC
4
Opponent: Blake SW | Judge: Dana Randall
1AC Cuba R2D aff - Russia Advantage and R2D advantage
TOC
6
Opponent: Juan Diego FW | Judge: Hayley Hopkins
1AC - Mexican oil and nat gas pipelines keystone and mexican econ advantages 1NC - Patent PTX DA T-gov-to-gov Condition on labor rights CP FearTechNietzche K
UGA
5
Opponent: Westminster LS | Judge: Nasir Nanjee
NEW AFF - Mexico IPR - China and Econ Advs
UM
1
Opponent: | Judge:
We just added two more ethanol cards to the 1AC
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
Entry
Date
1AC
Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 2 | Opponent: The Harker School | Judge: Jack Manchester Advantage One 1AC – Global Credibility Scenario Advantage one is global credibility: Maintaining the Cuban embargo currently wrecks U.S. global credibility Hill et al., 2009, Brigadier General John Adams (Ret.), General James T. Hill (Ret.), Commanding General for US SOUTHCOM 2002-2004, Lieutenant General John G. Castellaw (Ret.), Rear Admiral John D. Hutson (Ret.), Lieutenant General Daniel W. Christman (Ret.), Superintendent of the United States Military Academy 1996-2001, Lieutenant General Claudia J. Kennedy (Ret.), Major General Paul D. Eaton (Ret.), General Barry R. McCaffrey (Ret.), Commanding General for US SOUTHCOM 1994-1996, Lieutenant General Robert G. Gard (Ret.), Col. Lawrence B. Wilkerson (Ret.), assistant to Colin Powell during tenure as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Secretary of State, Rear Admiral Donald J. Guter (Ret.), General Johnnie E. Wilson (Ret.), Letter from US military officials to President Obama regarding Cuba policy, prepared by the New America Foundation / US – Cuba Policy Initiative, 4/13/09, http://democracyinamericas.org/pdfs/National_Security.pdf
The current policy of isolating Cuba has failed, patently, to achieve our ends AND register deeply in the minds of our partners and competitors around the world.
The embargo egregiously violates international law - that’s destroys our ability to effectively cooperate and lead Manchak, 2010 (Benjamin Manchak, Staff Writer, Boston College Third World Law Journal, “COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC SANCTIONS, THE RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT, AND CONSTITUTIONALLY IMPERMISSIBLE VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW,” Spring 2012, 30 B.C. Third World L.J. 417, http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1021andcontext=twlj)
Yet, the international community’s efforts to impel the United States to lift its embargo AND of fundamental rights and liberties, Congress must end the embargo on Cuba.
And – The United States must demonstrate that it is willing to engage non-democratic states; only the plan sends the key signal Hinderdael, 2011 (Klaas, M.A. candidate at SAIS Bologna Center, concentrating in American Foreign Policy and Energy, Resources, and Environment, “Breaking the Logjam: Obama's Cuba Policy and a Guideline for Improved Leadership”, 6/11/2011, http://bcjournal.org/volume-14/breaking-the-logjam.html?printerFriendly=true)
The two countries’ histories have long been intertwined, particularly after the Monroe Doctrine of AND truly willing to extend his hand once America’s traditional adversaries unclench their fists.
And --- ending democracy promotion is key, the plan’s em/brace of political diversity promotes U.S. interests more effectively in the multilateral international order than promoting a narrow democratic model Kupchan and Mount, 2009 (Charles, professor of International Affairs at Georgetown University and senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, and Adam, doctoral candidate in the Department of Government at Georgetown University, “The Autonomy Rule,” Democracy: A Journal of Ideas, Spring 2009, http://www.democracyjournal.org/pdf/12/Kupchan.pdf)
Many American strategists recognize the inevitability of a more level global playing field, but AND the principles around which the next order is most likely to take shape.
And – The plan is key – demonstrating a willingness to cooperate with non-democratic regimes and lead is the only way to avert multiple scenarios for global war Kupchan, 2012 (Charles, professor of International Affairs at Georgetown University and senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, “No One's World: The West, the Rising Rest, and the Coming Global Turn”, Kindle edition (no page numbers)
Although Western hegemony is in its waning days, it still provides a significant level AND can be effectively addressed only in partnership with a wide array of countries.
Advantage Two 1AC – Latin American Relations Scenario Advantage Two is Regional Relations: Now is the key time – relations with Latin America are collapsing. Loosening the Cuban embargo is the only thing that can reset our regional relationship Robert E. White, 3/7/2013, a senior fellow at the Center for International Policy, was the United States ambassador to Paraguay from 1977 to 1979 and to El Salvador from 1980 to 1981, After Chávez, a Chance to Rethink Relations With Cuba, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/08/opinion/after-chavez-hope-for-good-neighbors-in-latin-america.html?pagewanted=all For most of our history, the United States assumed that its security was inextricably AND cooperating in matters of common concern would be reduced to a historical footnote.
And – U.S. relations with Latin America are critical to prevent regional instability and manage the impact of global financial crises Hakim, 2006 (January/February 2006, Peter Hakim is the President of the Inter-American Dialogue, “Is Washington Losing Latin America?”, http://www.chileconsult.com/Is_Washington_Losing_Latin_America.pdf)
Despite their disagreements and dissatisfaction with U.S. policy in the region, AND have demonstrated neither the will nor the ability to travel that road together.
And – Latin American instability escalates and draws in great powers Rochlin, 1994 (James Francis Rochlin, Professor of Political Science at Okanagan University, 1994, “Discovering the Americas: The Evolution of Canadian Foreign Policy Towards Latin America,” pages 130-131)
While there were economic motivations for Canadian policy in Central America, security considerations were AND , such as Contadora, as will be discussed in the next chapter.
And – Left unchecked, economic crises will translate into nuclear conflicts Harris and Burrows 2009 Mathew J. Burrows counselor in the National Intelligence Council and Jennifer Harris a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” The Washington Quarterly 32:2 https://csis.org/files/publication/twq09aprilburrowsharris.pdf
The shift in acreage devoted to food crops has not been successful in terms of AND point whether soybeans represent a more efficient use of Cuban land than sugarcane.
And – Cuban ethanol is critical to displace ethanol produced domestically and ethanol imported from Brazil – Cuban ethanol would satisfy U.S. demand Specht, 4/24/2013 (Jonathan – Legal Advisor, Pearlmaker Holsteins, Inc. B.A., Louisiana State University, 2009; J.D., Washington University in St. Louis 2012. “Raising Cane: Cuban Sugarcane Ethanol’s Economic and Environmental Effects on the United States” – ExpressO – http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/36/2/specht.pdf)
The full debate over the environmental consequences of the Brazilian biofuel production 111 is largely AND to promote the importation of Cuban sugarcane-based ethanol should be encouraged.
And – The Brazilian Cerrado is uniquely important – degradation wrecks global biodiversity and accelerates warming beyond the point of no return Isabella Vitali 2011, Soya and the Cerrado: Brazil’s forgotten jewel , http://assets.wwf.org.uk/downloads/soya_and_the_cerrado.pdf , Senior Policy Officer Loss of the Cerrado is of global concern not only because of its significant contribution AND Change (2000), at some 265 tonnes of carbon per hectare.33
And – Accelerated warming guarantees extinction Deibel 2007 (Terry, Professor of National Strategy at the National War College, “Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft”, pgs. 387-389)
Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as AND States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet.
And – Biodiversity is key to the survival of all living things Bruce E. Tonn, Urban Planning Prof @ Tennessee, November 2007, Futures v. 39, no. 9, “Futures Sustainability”, ln
The first principle is the most important because earth-life is needed to support AND earth-life into the distant future the earth's biodiversity must be protected.
1AC – U.S. Ethanol Scenario Scenario Two is U.S. Ethanol Reliance on domestically-produced ethanol means corn is used for fuel instead of food – this is already triggering global food price spikes and causing mass instability Timothy A. Wise October 10th 2012, US corn ethanol fuels food crisis in developing countries, http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/10/201210993632838545.html20(RSC) , Timothy A Wise is the Policy Research Director, Global Development and Environment Institute, Tufts University, Medford.
This is the third food price spike in the last five years, and this AND happened in 2007-2008. They are at 14 per cent now.
And – Price spikes escalate into global wars, it’s the most likely scenario for international conflict Cribb, 2010 (Julian Cribb; Professor in Science Communication at the University of Technology Sydney; principal of JCA, fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering,;“The Coming Famine: The Global Food Crisis and What We Can Do to Avoid It”)
The character of human conflict has also changed: since the early 1990s, more AND believe future food shortages are a far bigger world threat than global warming."
And – Food price spikes ensure devastating famine that kill billions of people POWER, 1996 Staff Writer – Tampa Tribune Paul Jr., “Grain shortage growing problem,” The Tampa Tribune, 1/20/96
There are more people in this world than ever, but less grain to feed AND in the developing world who live on a dollar a day or less." Independently US-Corn Based ethanol production also drives exacerbating climate change and bio-destruction. Specht, 4/24/2013 (Jonathan, Legal Advisor, Pearlmaker Holsteins, Inc. B.A., Louisiana State University, 2009; J.D., Washington University in St. Louis 2012, “Raising Cane: Cuban Sugarcane Ethanol’s Economic and Environmental Effects on the United States” http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/36/2/specht.pdf)
The process by which incentives for ethanol production change land use¶patterns and thereby AND corn production and, thus, to ¶ the domestic ethanol industry.68
Plan Text 1AC – Plan Text Plan – the United States federal government should phase out a substantial portion of its economic restrictions toward Cuba.
Advantage Four 1AC – National Security Advantage Advantage Four – National Security: Enforcing the Cuban embargo overstretches U.S. national security assets, preventing effective counter-terror and anti-prolif efforts GAO, 2007 (Government Accountability Office report Economic Sanctions: Agencies Face Competing Priorities in Enforcing the U.S. Economic Embargo on Cuba. “Enforcing Economic Sanctions Government Accountability Office Analysis,” November)
Since 2004, the United States has tightened the rules governing these exceptions--directly AND those on countries engaged in terrorism, weapons proliferation, and narcotics trafficking.
And – The plan is necessary to shift resources back towards counter-terror and anti-prolif Johnson, Spector and Lilac, 2010 - Andy Johnson, Director, National Security Program, Kyle Spector, Policy Advisor, National Security Program, Kristina Lilac, National Security Program, Senior Fellows of The Third Way Institute, (“End the Embargo of Cuba”, Article for The Third Way Institute, 9/16/10, http://content.thirdway.org/publications/326/Third_Way_Memo_-_End_the_Embargo_of_Cuba.pdf)
Keeping the embargo in place requires that the US government devote time and resources to AND to respond to the current threats posed by rogue states and terrorist networks.
And – Weak enforcement ensures that terrorists smuggle nuclear weapons into the United States Joyner, 2009 (Christopher C: Professor of Government and Foreign Service at Georgetown, June 22nd, “Article: Nuclear terrorism in a globalizing world: assessing the threat and the emerging management regime,” http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-216486733.html)
During the last decade, the determination of al-Qaeda to acquire nuclear weapons AND within one State" and will consequently require international solutions. (44)
And – Nuclear terrorism causes extinction Hellman, 2008 (Martin E. Hellman, emeritus prof of engineering @ Stanford, “Risk Analysis of Nuclear Deterrence” SPRING 2008 THE BENT OF TAU BETA PI, http://www.nuclearrisk.org/paper.pdf)
The threat of nuclear terrorism looms much larger in the public’s mind than the threat AND assume that preventing World War III is a necessity—not an option.
And – Nuclear prolif guarantees global catastrophe Glennon, 2013 (Michel J Glennon is the author of numerous articles on constitutional and international law as well as several books and the professor of international Law at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, in Medford, Massachusetts. “Pre-empting Proliferation: International Law, Morality, and Nuclear Weapons,” The European Journal of International Law, 2013)
In truth, because the track record, happily, is bare, no one AND therefore poses a threat to both the United States and the international community.
9/20/13
1AC --- Emory Round 5
Tournament: Emory | Round: 5 | Opponent: Glenbrook South CK | Judge: Rahul Patel Plan Text 1AC – Plan Text Plan – The United States federal government should phase out a substantial portion of its economic restrictions toward Cuba.
Ethanol 1AC – Ethanol Advantage:
Cuban ethanol is critical to displace ethanol produced domestically and ethanol imported from Brazil – Cuban ethanol would satisfy U.S. demand Specht, 4/24/2013 (Jonathan – Legal Advisor, Pearlmaker Holsteins, Inc. B.A., Louisiana State University, 2009; J.D., Washington University in St. Louis 2012. “Raising Cane: Cuban Sugarcane Ethanol’s Economic and Environmental Effects on the United States” – ExpressO – http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/36/2/specht.pdf)
The full debate over the environmental consequences of the Brazilian biofuel production 111 is largely AND to promote the importation of Cuban sugarcane-based ethanol should be encouraged. 2. We solve your alt causes – the reason that agribusiness is booming in the Cerrado right now is because of US corn ethanol production Butler 07, Rhett, co-founder of Tropical Conservation Science, an open-access academic journal that aims to provide opportunities for scientists in developing countries to publish their research, and the Tropical Forest Network, a social network in the San Francisco Bay Area broadly interested in tropical forest conservation and ecology. Outside of these pursuits, Rhett Butler has advised a wide range of organizations, including governments, multilateral development agencies, media outlets, academic institutions, foundations, and private sector entities. He has been an information source for the BBC, CNN, CBS, NBC, Fox News, National Geographic, the Wall Street Journal, Fortune Magazine, Business Week, Bloomberg, the Discovery Channel, Animal Planet, Reuters, Voice of America, the Associated Press, the San Francisco Chronicle, the L.A. Times, the New York Times, the Washington Post, and Forbes, among others. Rhett Butler also speaks regularly on topics surrounding forests and the environment (especially trends in deforestation) and new media. He has spoken at Stanford University, the University of California at Berkeley, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the National University of Singapore, ETH Zurich, the Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation 2010 meeting in Bali, UNFCCC COP 16 in Cancun, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, and Stony Brook University, among other places and events. In 2011 and 2012 he participated in the U.S. State Department Speakers Program in Indonesia. http://news.mongabay.com/2007/0821-cerrado.html
The shift in acreage devoted to food crops has not been successful in terms of AND point whether soybeans represent a more efficient use of Cuban land than sugarcane. 4. Raul will say yes. Elledge, 2009 Nicholas Elledge – Research Fellow at Council on Hemispheric Affairs – degrees from The London School of Economics and Political Science and Southern Methodist University – “Cuba’s Sugarcane Ethanol Potential: Cuba, Raul Castro, and the Return of King Sugar to the Island” – October 29, 2009 – http://www.coha.org/cubas-sugarcane-ethanol-potential/
Raul Castro, who has been hailed as more of a pragmatist than his famed AND shots, Cuba could become a key player in the global ethanol game.”
6. And – The Brazilian Cerrado is uniquely important – degradation wrecks global biodiversity and accelerates warming beyond the point of no return due to the massive release of CO2 into the atmosphere. Isabella Vitali 2011, Soya and the Cerrado: Brazil’s forgotten jewel , http://assets.wwf.org.uk/downloads/soya_and_the_cerrado.pdf , Senior Policy Officer Loss of the Cerrado is of global concern not only because of its significant contribution AND Change (2000), at some 265 tonnes of carbon per hectare.33
7. And – Accelerated warming guarantees extinction Deibel 2007 (Terry, Professor of National Strategy at the National War College, “Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft”, pgs. 387-389)
Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as AND States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet.
8. Independently US-Corn Based ethanol production also drives exacerbating climate change and bio-destruction. Specht, 4/24/2013 (Jonathan, Legal Advisor, Pearlmaker Holsteins, Inc. B.A., Louisiana State University, 2009; J.D., Washington University in St. Louis 2012, “Raising Cane: Cuban Sugarcane Ethanol’s Economic and Environmental Effects on the United States” http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/36/2/specht.pdf)
The process by which incentives for ethanol production change land use¶patterns and thereby AND corn production and, thus, to ¶ the domestic ethanol industry.68
9. And – Biodiversity is key to the survival of all living things Bruce E. Tonn, Urban Planning Prof @ Tennessee, November 2007, Futures v. 39, no. 9, “Futures Sustainability”, ln
The first principle is the most important because earth-life is needed to support AND earth-life into the distant future the earth's biodiversity must be protected.
New Advantage 1AC - New Advantage Global commitment to free trade is collapsing – US hypocrisy regarding the CUBAN EMBARGO dooms all efforts to reinvigorate US trade leadership and the WTO Ariyanti, 2013 (Dessianing, Associated press, yahoo news, “Cuba throws wrench in WTO talks over trade embargo”, 12-6-13, http://news.yahoo.com/cuba-throws-wrench-wto-talks-over-trade-embargo-025234855~-~-finance.html)
Cuba and three other Latin American countries refused to sign off on a World Trade AND the WTO's relevance as a forum for trade negotiations among its 159 member economies
And – This is fueling the violent breakdown of global trading networks Bhagwati, 2013 (Jagdish, Professor at Columbia University and Senior Fellow in International Economics at the Council on Foreign Relations. He is the author of Termites in the Trading System: How Preferential Agreements Undermine Free Trade, “Why the TPP is undermining the Doha Round”, 1-14-13, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2013/01/14/why-the-tpp-is-undermining-the-doha-round/)
Under regional FTAs like the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), far fewer countries AND , they are going to miss the boat on better multilateral free trade. And – Recent trade talks are failing precisely because of US hypocrisy on Cuba – only the Aff signals a renewed US commitment to global free trade Otto, 2013 (Ben, Wall street journal, “WTO Staggers On After Limited Trade Pact”, 12-8-13, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303722104579243370483666490)
Efforts to liberalize global trade inched forward over the weekend, but the limited progress AND also could have hurt the organization's dispute-settling mechanism, they said. Removing economic sanctions shows that the US is committed to the WTO dispute settlement body- that reverberates and generates momentum for the WTO Allen, 2010, (Masheika, July 28th, former legal instructor at Strayer University, Florida International University, Masters of International Business 2011 - 2012 The George Washington University Law School Master of Laws in Litigation and Dispute Resolution 2003 - 2004 Florida State University College of Law Juris Doctorate 2000 - 2003 Florida International University Bachelors of Arts- English 1996 - 2000 http://www.writerscafe.org/writing/pnut1913/582992/)
A 1996 Security Council Resolution regarding aviation safety is the only resolution that has been AND Cuban embargo is no longer justifiable on economic grounds and should be ended.
Continued US violations cause snowball protectionism Watson et al. 13 (K. William and Sallie James, analysts at the Cato Institute’s Herbert A. Stiefel Center, “Regulatory Protectionism A Hidden Threat to Free Trade for Trade Policy Studies,” 4/9/13, http://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/pubs/pdf/pa723.pdf)
There is a potential consequence for violating international trade law. If the United States AND the make up and quantity of domestic political forces aligned against the impugned policy The WTO’s credibility dispute settlement mechanism is critical to preventing rampant protectionism and overall WTO credibility Lawrence 2007 (Robert – Albert L. Williams Professor of International Trade and Investment at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government, The United States and the WTO Dispute Settlement System, p. 5-6)
But this “safety valve” argument is shortsighted. The use of antidumping suits AND the arguments of its critics, and finally provides some recommendations for improvement.
Multiple impacts First, Trade protectionism causes nuclear war Panzner, 2008 Michael, faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase, “Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse,” p. 136-138)
Continuing calls for curbs on the flow of finance and trade will inspire the United AND between Muslims and Western societies as the beginnings of a new world war.
Second, Regionalism causes preferential trade blocks --- causes war and global economic crisis Cho, 2007 Sungjoon Cho, Assistant Professor of Law, Chicago-Kent College of Law, Illinois Institute of Technology, Doha's Development, 25 Berkeley J. Int'l L. 165, 2007
Second, the mercantilist nature of the current competitive regionalism tends to evoke the strikingly AND seriously lest we repeat the same historical errors and are punished for them.
Economic crisis causes war Royal, 2010 2010, Jedediah Royal is the Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives”, ed. By Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict AND not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.
Third, China perceives regionalism as US containment - causes US-China war Fred Bergsten, Director, Institute for International Economics, "A new strategy for APEC," 9-6-2005, http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/bergsten0905apec.pdf Second, when President Bush visits Seoul after this year’s APEC summit, the United AND relations and exacerbating the more immediate United States–China conflict already noted.
The high-intensity scenario postulates a cross-strait war escalating into a full AND should that come to pass, we would see the destruction of civilisation. Fourth, There’s no alternative to a multilateral trade system --- collapses causes instability and great power conflict. Panitchpakdi 04 Panitchpakdi, 2/26/2004 Supachai – secretary-general of the UN Conference on Trade and Development, American Leadership and the World Trade Organization, p. http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/spsp_e/spsp22_e.htm
The second point is that strengthening the world trading system is essential to America's wider AND constrained, not by multilateral rules, but by the absence of rules.
Fifth, Multiple studies prove that the risk of war is less probable in a world of economic interdependence. Griswold, 4/20/2007 (Daniel – director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies, Trade, Democracy and Peace, p. http://www.freetrade.org/node/681)
A little-noticed headline on an Associated Press story a while back reported, AND governments. But deep trade and investment ties among nations make war less attractive Sixth, Credible WTO prevents nuclear war. Copley News Service, 12/1/1999 (Commentary, p. Lexis-Nexis)
For decades, many children in America and other countries went to bed fearing annihilation AND world peace shouldn't be protesting world trade. They should be celebrating it.
Independently, the embargo destroys US-EU free trade cooperation and causes conflict – that undermines free trade promotion efforts Morley and McGillion, 2005 (associate professor of politics and international relations at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia and senior lecturer in journalism, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia. Morris Morley and Chris McGillion, “Cuba, the United States, and the Post-Cold War World: The International Dimensions of the Washington-Havana Relationship”, http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:2860)
The relationship between America and Europe is more pivotal to the success of the global AND , another transatlantic contest over Cuba cannot be ruled out in the future.
1/25/14
1AC --- MBA
Tournament: MBA | Round: 2 | Opponent: Centennial KK | Judge: Elsa Givan 1st Affirmative Constructive Plan Text 1AC – Plan Text Plan – The United States federal government should phase out a substantial portion of its economic restrictions toward Cuba. Advantage One 1AC – Global Credibility Advantage Advantage one is global credibility: 2014 is a 1914 redux --- War and global conflagration are inevitable in the status squo --- and the end of the United States hegemony is now --- China’s rising and the world is rushing to collapse --- prefer our evidence --- historic trends prove the US is on the decline and war is coming. ---All Impacts: Russia War, US-Sino War, Taiwain, North Korea, Japan, Hot Spots, and cyber war ---China is rising because its being forced to be “liberal” through democracy promotion ---China trade increase ---Proliferation = easy escalation ---US in debt to China ---2014 = ticking time bomb *Edited for abelist language Seidel, 1/2/2014 (Jamie, Cadetship in Journalism, the Advertiser, Margaret Macmillan, professor of international history at Oxford University, warden of St. Antony’s College, Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and a Senior Fellow of Massey College, University of Toronto, and sits on the boards of the Mosaic Institute, the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, and the editorial boards of International History and First World War Studies. She has honorary degrees from the University of King’s College, the Royal Military College, Ryerson University, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario and Huron University College of the University of Western Ontario. Brookings Institute contributer “Are we on the brink of war? Academic sparks debate by drawing comparisons between 1914 past and 2014 present” http://www.news.com.au/world/are-we-on-the-brink-of-war-academic-sparks-debate-by-drawing-comparisons-between-1914-past-and-2014-present/story-fndir2ev-1226793586357
A CENTURY ago, a simple assassination was enough to topple an tenuous balance between AND it will probably take a major war for the world to find out.¶ While the decline of United States hegemony can’t be stopped we can avoid a global meltdown --- investing in multilateralism and rebuilding legitimacy is necessary to prevent escalation of wars --- the US must first rebuild international institutions and end its strategy of democracy promotion. ---No Pluralism Solves arg --- regional power movements will spillover into global conflicts due to superpower draw in. ---Solvency for The ILaw I/L --- rebuilding legitimacy will require rebuilding international institutions (ILaw) Fujimoto, 2012 (Kevin, Lt. Colonel, U.S. Army, January 11, 2012, “Preserving U.S. National Security Interests Through a Liberal World Construct,” http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/index.cfm/articles/Preserving-US-National-Security-Interests-Liberal-World-Construct/2012/1/11)
The emergence of peer competitors, not terrorism, presents the greatest long-term AND protect its interests later when we are no longer the world's only superpower.
The plan is the only way to solve that ---
Maintaining the Cuban embargo currently wrecks U.S. global legitimacy by undermining the UN and alienating partners and competitors around the world. Hill et al., 2009, Brigadier General John Adams (Ret.), General James T. Hill (Ret.), Commanding General for US SOUTHCOM 2002-2004, Lieutenant General John G. Castellaw (Ret.), Rear Admiral John D. Hutson (Ret.), Lieutenant General Daniel W. Christman (Ret.), Superintendent of the United States Military Academy 1996-2001, Lieutenant General Claudia J. Kennedy (Ret.), Major General Paul D. Eaton (Ret.), General Barry R. McCaffrey (Ret.), Commanding General for US SOUTHCOM 1994-1996, Lieutenant General Robert G. Gard (Ret.), Col. Lawrence B. Wilkerson (Ret.), assistant to Colin Powell during tenure as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Secretary of State, Rear Admiral Donald J. Guter (Ret.), General Johnnie E. Wilson (Ret.), Letter from US military officials to President Obama regarding Cuba policy, prepared by the New America Foundation / US – Cuba Policy Initiative, 4/13/09, http://democracyinamericas.org/pdfs/National_Security.pdf
The current policy of isolating Cuba has failed, patently, to achieve our ends AND register deeply in the minds of our partners and competitors around the world.
2. International Law --- The embargo egregiously violates it, destroying our ability to effectively cooperate and lead Manchak, 2010 (Benjamin Manchak, Staff Writer, Boston College Third World Law Journal, “COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC SANCTIONS, THE RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT, AND CONSTITUTIONALLY IMPERMISSIBLE VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW,” Spring 2012, 30 B.C. Third World L.J. 417, http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1021andcontext=twlj)
Yet, the international community’s efforts to impel the United States to lift its embargo AND of fundamental rights and liberties, Congress must end the embargo on Cuba.
3. It ends the strategy of democracy promotion --- the embargo was put in place solely because Cuba’s not democratic. Hinderdael, 2011 (Klaas, M.A. candidate at SAIS Bologna Center, concentrating in American Foreign Policy and Energy, Resources, and Environment, “Breaking the Logjam: Obama's Cuba Policy and a Guideline for Improved Leadership”, 6/11/2011, http://bcjournal.org/volume-14/breaking-the-logjam.html?printerFriendly=true)
The two countries’ histories have long been intertwined, particularly after the Monroe Doctrine of AND truly willing to extend his hand once America’s traditional adversaries unclench their fists.
4. The plan’s embrace of political diversity promotes U.S. interests more effectively in the multilateral international order than promoting a narrow democratic model Kupchan and Mount, 2009 (Charles, professor of International Affairs at Georgetown University and senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, and Adam, doctoral candidate in the Department of Government at Georgetown University, “The Autonomy Rule,” Democracy: A Journal of Ideas, Spring 2009, http://www.democracyjournal.org/pdf/12/Kupchan.pdf)
Many American strategists recognize the inevitability of a more level global playing field, but AND the principles around which the next order is most likely to take shape.
Still, they’re missing the point. The most potent challenge to America’s dominance comes AND confront dangerous pariahs and manage a world in which power is broadly shared.
Only multilateralism can act as a backstop on balance of power competition and power grabs --- specifically solves Russia and China war. Kupchan, 2012 (Charles, professor of International Affairs at Georgetown University and senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, “No One's World: The West, the Rising Rest, and the Coming Global Turn”, Kindle edition (no page numbers)
Although Western hegemony is in its waning days, it still provides a significant level AND can be effectively addressed only in partnership with a wide array of countries.
Also solves hot spot escalation. Kupchan and Mount, 2009 (Charles, professor of International Affairs at Georgetown University and senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, and Adam, doctoral candidate in the Department of Government at Georgetown University, “The Autonomy Rule,” Democracy: A Journal of Ideas, Spring 2009, http://www.democracyjournal.org/pdf/12/Kupchan.pdf)
Employing these minimal and consistent standards for inclusion would not only increase the number of AND discretion and a reflection of the diversity that is intrinsic to political life.
Multilateral cooperation facilitates power sharing that creates shared framework of interaction that act as a check on conflict-their solvency takeouts are irrelevant Pouliot, 2011 (Vincent, Professor of Political Science at McGill University, “Multilateralism as an End in Itself,” International Studies Perspectives (2011) pgs. 18-26) Because it rests on open, nondiscriminatory debate, and the routine exchange of viewpoints AND that further strengthen the impetus for multilateral dialog. Pg. 21-23
Advantage Two 1AC – Ethanol Advantage: First we solve ---
Cuban ethanol is critical to displace ethanol produced domestically and ethanol imported from Brazil – Cuban ethanol would satisfy U.S. demand Specht, 4/24/2013 (Jonathan – Legal Advisor, Pearlmaker Holsteins, Inc. B.A., Louisiana State University, 2009; J.D., Washington University in St. Louis 2012. “Raising Cane: Cuban Sugarcane Ethanol’s Economic and Environmental Effects on the United States” – ExpressO – http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/36/2/specht.pdf)
The full debate over the environmental consequences of the Brazilian biofuel production 111 is largely AND to promote the importation of Cuban sugarcane-based ethanol should be encouraged. 2. We solve your alt causes – the reason that agribusiness is booming in the Cerrado right now is because of US corn ethanol production Butler 07, Rhett, co-founder of Tropical Conservation Science, an open-access academic journal that aims to provide opportunities for scientists in developing countries to publish their research, and the Tropical Forest Network, a social network in the San Francisco Bay Area broadly interested in tropical forest conservation and ecology. Outside of these pursuits, Rhett Butler has advised a wide range of organizations, including governments, multilateral development agencies, media outlets, academic institutions, foundations, and private sector entities. He has been an information source for the BBC, CNN, CBS, NBC, Fox News, National Geographic, the Wall Street Journal, Fortune Magazine, Business Week, Bloomberg, the Discovery Channel, Animal Planet, Reuters, Voice of America, the Associated Press, the San Francisco Chronicle, the L.A. Times, the New York Times, the Washington Post, and Forbes, among others. Rhett Butler also speaks regularly on topics surrounding forests and the environment (especially trends in deforestation) and new media. He has spoken at Stanford University, the University of California at Berkeley, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the National University of Singapore, ETH Zurich, the Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation 2010 meeting in Bali, UNFCCC COP 16 in Cancun, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, and Stony Brook University, among other places and events. In 2011 and 2012 he participated in the U.S. State Department Speakers Program in Indonesia. http://news.mongabay.com/2007/0821-cerrado.html
The shift in acreage devoted to food crops has not been successful in terms of AND point whether soybeans represent a more efficient use of Cuban land than sugarcane. 4. Raul will say yes. Elledge, 2009 Nicholas Elledge – Research Fellow at Council on Hemispheric Affairs – degrees from The London School of Economics and Political Science and Southern Methodist University – “Cuba’s Sugarcane Ethanol Potential: Cuba, Raul Castro, and the Return of King Sugar to the Island” – October 29, 2009 – http://www.coha.org/cubas-sugarcane-ethanol-potential/
Raul Castro, who has been hailed as more of a pragmatist than his famed AND shots, Cuba could become a key player in the global ethanol game.”
And – The Brazilian Cerrado is uniquely important – degradation wrecks global biodiversity and accelerates warming beyond the point of no return due to the massive release of CO2 into the atmosphere. Isabella Vitali 2011, Soya and the Cerrado: Brazil’s forgotten jewel , http://assets.wwf.org.uk/downloads/soya_and_the_cerrado.pdf , Senior Policy Officer Loss of the Cerrado is of global concern not only because of its significant contribution AND Change (2000), at some 265 tonnes of carbon per hectare.33
Independently US-Corn Based ethanol production also drives exacerbating climate change and bio-destruction. Specht, 4/24/2013 (Jonathan, Legal Advisor, Pearlmaker Holsteins, Inc. B.A., Louisiana State University, 2009; J.D., Washington University in St. Louis 2012, “Raising Cane: Cuban Sugarcane Ethanol’s Economic and Environmental Effects on the United States” http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/36/2/specht.pdf)
The process by which incentives for ethanol production change land use¶patterns and thereby AND corn production and, thus, to ¶ the domestic ethanol industry.68
It’s not just the Cerrado – ethanol production in the Amazon will reverse previous trends towards protection, accelerating global warming. The plan is necessary to solve all alt causes by reorienting farming practices. McGowan, 2007, Chris, writer for Huffington Post, focusing specifically on environmental issues, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/chris-mcgowan/biofuel-could-eat-brazils_b_64466.html
The Amazon has lost 17-20 of its forest . Scientists are worried AND corn, which in turn will cause more agricultural expansion into the Amazon.
And – Accelerated warming guarantees extinction Deibel 2007 (Terry, Professor of National Strategy at the National War College, “Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft”, pgs. 387-389)
Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as AND States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet.
And – Biodiversity is key to the survival of all living things Bruce E. Tonn, Urban Planning Prof @ Tennessee, November 2007, Futures v. 39, no. 9, “Futures Sustainability”, ln
The first principle is the most important because earth-life is needed to support AND earth-life into the distant future the earth's biodiversity must be protected.
1/3/14
1AC --- Ohio Valley
Tournament: Ohio Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Johns Creek LR | Judge: Ross Gordon Same as 1AC --- Umich
12/7/13
1AC --- UMich
Tournament: UMich | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge: Plan Text 1AC – Plan Text Plan – the United States federal government should phase out a substantial portion of its economic restrictions toward Cuba. Advantage One 1AC – Global Credibility Advantage Advantage one is global credibility: The rise of global competitors is inevitable-bolstering relations with non-democratic powers is key to maintaining peaceful relations with rising powers and preventing great-power conflict Fujimoto, 2012 (Kevin, Lt. Colonel, U.S. Army, January 11, 2012, “Preserving U.S. National Security Interests Through a Liberal World Construct,” http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/index.cfm/articles/Preserving-US-National-Security-Interests-Liberal-World-Construct/2012/1/11) The emergence of peer competitors, not terrorism, presents the greatest long-term AND protect its interests later when we are no longer the world's only superpower. Maintaining the Cuban embargo currently wrecks U.S. global legitimacy Hill et al., 2009, Brigadier General John Adams (Ret.), General James T. Hill (Ret.), Commanding General for US SOUTHCOM 2002-2004, Lieutenant General John G. Castellaw (Ret.), Rear Admiral John D. Hutson (Ret.), Lieutenant General Daniel W. Christman (Ret.), Superintendent of the United States Military Academy 1996-2001, Lieutenant General Claudia J. Kennedy (Ret.), Major General Paul D. Eaton (Ret.), General Barry R. McCaffrey (Ret.), Commanding General for US SOUTHCOM 1994-1996, Lieutenant General Robert G. Gard (Ret.), Col. Lawrence B. Wilkerson (Ret.), assistant to Colin Powell during tenure as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Secretary of State, Rear Admiral Donald J. Guter (Ret.), General Johnnie E. Wilson (Ret.), Letter from US military officials to President Obama regarding Cuba policy, prepared by the New America Foundation / US – Cuba Policy Initiative, 4/13/09, http://democracyinamericas.org/pdfs/National_Security.pdf
The current policy of isolating Cuba has failed, patently, to achieve our ends AND register deeply in the minds of our partners and competitors around the world.
The embargo egregiously violates international law - that’s destroys our ability to effectively cooperate and lead Manchak, 2010 (Benjamin Manchak, Staff Writer, Boston College Third World Law Journal, “COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC SANCTIONS, THE RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT, AND CONSTITUTIONALLY IMPERMISSIBLE VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW,” Spring 2012, 30 B.C. Third World L.J. 417, http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1021andcontext=twlj)
Yet, the international community’s efforts to impel the United States to lift its embargo AND of fundamental rights and liberties, Congress must end the embargo on Cuba.
And – The United States must demonstrate that it is willing to engage non-democratic states; only the plan sends the key signal Hinderdael, 2011 (Klaas, M.A. candidate at SAIS Bologna Center, concentrating in American Foreign Policy and Energy, Resources, and Environment, “Breaking the Logjam: Obama's Cuba Policy and a Guideline for Improved Leadership”, 6/11/2011, http://bcjournal.org/volume-14/breaking-the-logjam.html?printerFriendly=true)
The two countries’ histories have long been intertwined, particularly after the Monroe Doctrine of AND truly willing to extend his hand once America’s traditional adversaries unclench their fists.
And --- ending democracy promotion is key, the plan’s embrace of political diversity promotes U.S. interests more effectively in the multilateral international order than promoting a narrow democratic model Kupchan and Mount, 2009 (Charles, professor of International Affairs at Georgetown University and senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, and Adam, doctoral candidate in the Department of Government at Georgetown University, “The Autonomy Rule,” Democracy: A Journal of Ideas, Spring 2009, http://www.democracyjournal.org/pdf/12/Kupchan.pdf)
Many American strategists recognize the inevitability of a more level global playing field, but AND the principles around which the next order is most likely to take shape.
And – The plan is key – demonstrating a willingness to cooperate with non-democratic regimes and lead is the only way to avert multiple scenarios for global war Kupchan, 2012 (Charles, professor of International Affairs at Georgetown University and senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, “No One's World: The West, the Rising Rest, and the Coming Global Turn”, Kindle edition (no page numbers)
Although Western hegemony is in its waning days, it still provides a significant level AND can be effectively addressed only in partnership with a wide array of countries.
Cooperative great-power relations across regime type creates a global backstop on escalation of conflict---enables the U.S to effectively isolate threats Kupchan and Mount, 2009 (Charles, professor of International Affairs at Georgetown University and senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, and Adam, doctoral candidate in the Department of Government at Georgetown University, “The Autonomy Rule,” Democracy: A Journal of Ideas, Spring 2009, http://www.democracyjournal.org/pdf/12/Kupchan.pdf)
Employing these minimal and consistent standards for inclusion would not only increase the number of AND discretion and a reflection of the diversity that is intrinsic to political life.
Multilateral cooperation facilitates power sharing that creates shared framework of interaction that act as a check on conflict-their solvency takeouts are irrelevant Pouliot, 2011 (Vincent, Professor of Political Science at McGill University, “Multilateralism as an End in Itself,” International Studies Perspectives (2011) pgs. 18-26) Because it rests on open, nondiscriminatory debate, and the routine exchange of viewpoints AND that further strengthen the impetus for multilateral dialog. Pg. 21-23
Advantage Two 1AC – Ethanol Advantage: First we solve ---
Cuban ethanol is critical to displace ethanol produced domestically and ethanol imported from Brazil – Cuban ethanol would satisfy U.S. demand Specht, 4/24/2013 (Jonathan – Legal Advisor, Pearlmaker Holsteins, Inc. B.A., Louisiana State University, 2009; J.D., Washington University in St. Louis 2012. “Raising Cane: Cuban Sugarcane Ethanol’s Economic and Environmental Effects on the United States” – ExpressO – http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/36/2/specht.pdf)
The full debate over the environmental consequences of the Brazilian biofuel production 111 is largely AND to promote the importation of Cuban sugarcane-based ethanol should be encouraged. 2. We solve your alt causes – the reason that agribusiness is booming in the Cerrado right now is because of US corn ethanol production Butler 07, Rhett, co-founder of Tropical Conservation Science, an open-access academic journal that aims to provide opportunities for scientists in developing countries to publish their research, and the Tropical Forest Network, a social network in the San Francisco Bay Area broadly interested in tropical forest conservation and ecology. Outside of these pursuits, Rhett Butler has advised a wide range of organizations, including governments, multilateral development agencies, media outlets, academic institutions, foundations, and private sector entities. He has been an information source for the BBC, CNN, CBS, NBC, Fox News, National Geographic, the Wall Street Journal, Fortune Magazine, Business Week, Bloomberg, the Discovery Channel, Animal Planet, Reuters, Voice of America, the Associated Press, the San Francisco Chronicle, the L.A. Times, the New York Times, the Washington Post, and Forbes, among others. Rhett Butler also speaks regularly on topics surrounding forests and the environment (especially trends in deforestation) and new media. He has spoken at Stanford University, the University of California at Berkeley, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the National University of Singapore, ETH Zurich, the Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation 2010 meeting in Bali, UNFCCC COP 16 in Cancun, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, and Stony Brook University, among other places and events. In 2011 and 2012 he participated in the U.S. State Department Speakers Program in Indonesia. http://news.mongabay.com/2007/0821-cerrado.html
The shift in acreage devoted to food crops has not been successful in terms of AND point whether soybeans represent a more efficient use of Cuban land than sugarcane. 4. Raul will say yes. Elledge, 2009 Nicholas Elledge – Research Fellow at Council on Hemispheric Affairs – degrees from The London School of Economics and Political Science and Southern Methodist University – “Cuba’s Sugarcane Ethanol Potential: Cuba, Raul Castro, and the Return of King Sugar to the Island” – October 29, 2009 – http://www.coha.org/cubas-sugarcane-ethanol-potential/
Raul Castro, who has been hailed as more of a pragmatist than his famed AND shots, Cuba could become a key player in the global ethanol game.”
And – The Brazilian Cerrado is uniquely important – degradation wrecks global biodiversity and accelerates warming beyond the point of no return due to the massive release of CO2 into the atmosphere. Isabella Vitali 2011, Soya and the Cerrado: Brazil’s forgotten jewel , http://assets.wwf.org.uk/downloads/soya_and_the_cerrado.pdf , Senior Policy Officer Loss of the Cerrado is of global concern not only because of its significant contribution AND Change (2000), at some 265 tonnes of carbon per hectare.33
Independently US-Corn Based ethanol production also drives exacerbating climate change and bio-destruction. Specht, 4/24/2013 (Jonathan, Legal Advisor, Pearlmaker Holsteins, Inc. B.A., Louisiana State University, 2009; J.D., Washington University in St. Louis 2012, “Raising Cane: Cuban Sugarcane Ethanol’s Economic and Environmental Effects on the United States” http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/36/2/specht.pdf)
The process by which incentives for ethanol production change land use¶patterns and thereby AND corn production and, thus, to ¶ the domestic ethanol industry.68
It’s not just the Cerrado – ethanol production in the Amazon will reverse previous trends towards protection, accelerating global warming. The plan is necessary to solve all alt causes by reorienting farming practices. McGowan, 2007, Chris, writer for Huffington Post, focusing specifically on environmental issues, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/chris-mcgowan/biofuel-could-eat-brazils_b_64466.html
The Amazon has lost 17-20 of its forest . Scientists are worried AND corn, which in turn will cause more agricultural expansion into the Amazon.
And – Accelerated warming guarantees extinction Deibel 2007 (Terry, Professor of National Strategy at the National War College, “Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft”, pgs. 387-389)
Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as AND States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet.
And – Biodiversity is key to the survival of all living things Bruce E. Tonn, Urban Planning Prof @ Tennessee, November 2007, Futures v. 39, no. 9, “Futures Sustainability”, ln
The first principle is the most important because earth-life is needed to support AND earth-life into the distant future the earth's biodiversity must be protected.
Scenario Two is food: Reliance on domestically-produced ethanol means corn is used for fuel instead of food – this is already triggering global food price spikes and causing mass instability Timothy A. Wise October 10th 2012, US corn ethanol fuels food crisis in developing countries, http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/10/201210993632838545.html20(RSC) , Timothy A Wise is the Policy Research Director, Global Development and Environment Institute, Tufts University, Medford.
This is the third food price spike in the last five years, and this AND happened in 2007-2008. They are at 14 per cent now.
And – Price spikes escalate into global wars, it’s the most likely scenario for international conflict Cribb, 2010 (Julian Cribb; Professor in Science Communication at the University of Technology Sydney; principal of JCA, fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering,;“The Coming Famine: The Global Food Crisis and What We Can Do to Avoid It”)
The character of human conflict has also changed: since the early 1990s, more AND believe future food shortages are a far bigger world threat than global warming."
And – Food price spikes ensure devastating famine that kill billions of people POWER, 1996 Staff Writer – Tampa Tribune Paul Jr., “Grain shortage growing problem,” The Tampa Tribune, 1/20/96
There are more people in this world than ever, but less grain to feed AND in the developing world who live on a dollar a day or less."
11/2/13
Round 6 TOC
Tournament: TOC | Round: 6 | Opponent: Juan Diego FW | Judge: Hayley Hopkins 1AC TOC Round 6 Notes Joint financing mechanisms is okay, but we don’t won’t to make the privatization cp or a states cp. We might sya the USFG should sub encourage investment. Or remove its.
Get a development on what cross border means.
Get read of any pronouns, so just be specific.
Shy away from saying China wants things, in a world where they question US deterrence and weakness, then nationalistic hardliners will have more sway in the decision makers in China. Nationalistic vs Nationalistic. The question is when can the hardliners increase hteir role in the government decision making prescence.
1AC --- Plan Text Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase investment in cross-border oil and natural gas pipelines toward Mexico. 1AC --- Oil Advantage Keystone XL Pipeline will be passed now because of political desire for new oil. Bipartisan majority in congress Public polled 3 to 1 for it Serious environmental consequences Only 50 permanent jobs Eilperin and Clement, 3/7/2014 (Julia Eilperin, Washington Post the House of Representatives reporter, Scott Clement, survey research analyst for Capital Insight, the independent polling group of Washington Post Media, “New Post-ABC News poll: Keystone XL project overwhelmingly favored by Americans”, Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/new-post-abc-news-poll-keystone-xl-project-overwhelmingly-favored-by-americans/2014/03/06/d74c58c6-a4a1-11e3-a5fa-55f0c77bf39c_story.html)
Americans support the idea of constructing the Keystone XL oil pipeline between Canada and the AND the evidence it needs to approve the Keystone XL pipeline without further delay.” The plan provides an alternative source of oil which removes the incentive for passage of Keystone. Collier, 2013 (Robert, foreign policy.com reported for san franscisco chronicle on foreign policy for 19 years, “How the opening of Mexico's state oil monopoly could spell the end of Keystone XL”, 12/19/13, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/12/19/mexico_oil_pemex_keystone_xl)
Mexico recently rewrote its constitution to lure foreign energy companies to help it tap vast AND its pipeline network to export more U.S. natural gas to Mexico
Keystone pipeline passage causes mass tar sand usage which emits up to four million more emissions than the status squo. Fitzsimmons, 2013 (Jill, Media Matters, citing media and Congressional Research Service Reports, “5 Myths About Keystone XL, Debunked”, 2/14/2013, http://mediamatters.org/research/2013/02/14/5-myths-about-keystone-xl-debunked/192668)
FACT: Pipeline Could Spur Expanded Production Of Dirty Tar Sands Oil CRS: Keystone AND /13 National Geographic's ScienceBlogs, 2/10/13
Tar sands cause four times the amount of greenhouse gas emissions as the status squo adding 173 million tons of CO2. Schmidt 3/13/12 (Jake, Switchboard – Natural Resource Defense Council, -- citing -- Oil sands mining and reclamation cause massive¶ loss of peatland and stored carbon¶ Rebecca C. Rooney, Suzanne E. Bayley, and David W. Schindler¶ 1¶ Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9¶ Contributed by David W. Schindler, November 3, 2011 (sent for review August 30, 2011) “More Signs that Tar Sands is a Bad Investment - Global Warming Damage Rises”, http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/jschmidt/more_signs_that_tar_sands_is_a.html)
Tar sands oil mining causes more carbon pollution than previously estimated – according to a AND would equal around 60-492,000 tons of CO2 per year. The difference in emission amount matters – status squo levels of warming is adaptable and manageable and won’t cause extinction. Robert O. Mendelsohn 9, the Edwin Weyerhaeuser Davis Professor, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, June 2009, “Climate Change and Economic Growth,” online: http://www.growthcommission.org/storage/cgdev/documents/gcwp060web.pdf
The heart of the debate about climate change comes from a number of warnings from AND range climate risks. What is needed are long?run balanced responses.
But accelerated warming would because of positive feedbacks. Deibel, 2007 (Terry, Professor of National Strategy at the National War College, “Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft”, pgs. 387-389)
Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as AND States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet. Keystone wrecks the Ogallala aquifer --- causes a global food crisis CBP 11 --- Checks and Balances Project 3 Security Concerns with the Keystone XL Pipeline 8-31-11, http://checksandbalancesproject.org/?s=pipeline+accident
3-The Keystone XL is a threat to water and food security¶ Beyond AND in Africa and anywhere else where a meal depends on cheap American exports.” And –Food shortages escalate into global wars, it’s the most likely scenario for international conflict Cribb, 2010 (Julian Cribb; Professor in Science Communication at the University of Technology Sydney; principal of JCA, fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering,;“The Coming Famine: The Global Food Crisis and What We Can Do to Avoid It”)
The character of human conflict has also changed: since the early 1990s, more AND believe future food shortages are a far bigger world threat than global warming."
1AC --- Natural Gas Advantage While US-Mexico trade is high, natural gas pipeline infrastructure is inadequate Wood, 13 (Duncan, Director of the Mexico Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, “Growing Potential for U.S.-Mexico Energy Cooperation “, 2013, http://wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/wood_energy.pdf) Beyond exploration and production, the pressing need for infrastructure stands out as an area AND were unable to secure stable and sufficient supplies of gas for their manufacturing processes Scenario 1 is growth Limited cheap natural gas in Mexico is ruining growth- expanded pipeline capacity is the only way to solve Capacity has been reached Solution is more pipelines Hurt growth and factories Could result in petrochemical rebirth Johnson, 13 (Tim, Mclatchey foreign policy staff, “In sign of energy dilemma, Mexico runs low on natural gas”9-8-13, http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2013/09/18/202503/in-sign-of-energy-dilemma-mexico.html) ALTAMIRA, MEXICO — Prices for natural gas over the border in Texas are at AND . “You could see a rebirth of the petrochemical industry,” Marcos said Cheap natural gas ensures that Mexico can sustain a manufacturing and industrial boom New projects don’t matter Kilisek, 14 (Roman, Global Energy and Natural Resources Analyst, “Mexico’s Energy Reforms: Can Mexico Emerge as a Prime Global Oil and Gas Industry Expansion Prospect?”, 1-8-14, http://breakingenergy.com/2014/01/08/mexicos-energy-reforms-can-mexico-emerge-as-a-prime-global-oil-gas-industry-expansion-prospect/) It is about time to tackle the inefficiencies in the Mexican energy sector: Mexico’s AND as well as risky endeavors and medium- to longer-term prospects. That’s key to US aerospace and defense manufacturing Guidi 11 (Ruxandra Guidi, Fronteras reporter at KPBS, covering immigration, border issues and culture, recipient of Johns Hopkins University’s International Reporting Project, 9/28/11, “Border Business: Aerospace As A Binational Industry” http://www.fronterasdesk.org/news/2011/sep/28/business-mexico-aerospace-industry-maquiladora/)
With its high-profile speakers and 3D simulation stations, the second annual Baja AND aerospace companies with operations in the Mexican border state grew by 50 percent. Prevents China-Taiwan conflict and Chinese heg Mosher, 2006 (Stephen Mosher, President of the Population Research Institute, CQ Congressional Testimony, “Chinese Influence on U.S. Foreign Policy,” February 14, 2006, pg lexis)
The ruthless mercantilism practiced by the CCP is thus a form of economic warfare. AND American military assets in the Asian-Pacific will have to be neutralized.
Taiwan escalates and goes nuclear---no defense Lowther 3/16/2013 (William, Taipei Times, citing a report by the Center for Strategic and International Studies, 3/16/13, “Taiwan could spark nuclear war: report,” http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/03/16/2003557211
Taiwan is the most likely potential crisis that could trigger a nuclear war between China AND arsenals, such a conflict would be tremendously dangerous and quite possibly devastating.” Second, Mexican growth key to solve the drug trade and Mexican instability Shoichet, 2012 11/27/12, Catherine E. Shoichet is a staff writer for CNN. “Mexican president-elect: Economic growth is key weapon in drug war,” http://www.cnn.com/2012/11/27/politics/mexico-president-interview Creating more economic opportunities will be Mexico's greatest weapon in the war on drugs, AND the violence or what aspects of outgoing President Felipe Caderon's strategy he will change And Mexico’s economy is declining now. Bain 4/24/14 (Ben, writer in Mexico City for Bloomberg, Mexico Peso Falls to One-Week Low on Concern Economy Stalling, Bloomberg.com, 4/24/14, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-24/mexico-peso-falls-to-three-week-low-on-concern-economy-stalling.html) Mexico’s peso slid to a one-week low on concern Latin America’s second- AND in March, remaining within the 2 percent to 4 percent target range.
Drug cartels cause instability and Mexican collapse – spreads through the region Bonner, 2010 (Robert C., senior principal of the Sentinel HS Group, former administrator of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, “The New Cocaine Cowboys”, Foreign Affairs, July/August 2010, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/66472/robert-c-bonner/the-new-cocaine-cowboys) The recent headlines from Mexico are disturbing: U.S. consular official gunned AND powerful transnational drug cartels that threaten the stability of Central and South America. Mexican collapse causes U.S. isolationism Haddick, 2008 (Robert, Managing Editor, Small Wars Journal, former U.S. Marine Corps officer, advisor for the State Department and the National Intelligence Council on irregular warfare issues, former Director of Research at the Fremont Group, http://westhawk.blogspot.com/2008/12/now-that-would-change-everything.html, MH) There is one dynamic in the literature of weak and failing states that has received AND Asia. However, there would be no running from a Mexican collapse.
Hegemony prevents multiple nuclear conflicts Brooks, Ikenberry, and Wohlforth, 2013 (Stephen, Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, John Ikenberry is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, William C. Wohlforth is the Daniel Webster Professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College “Don’t Come Home America: The Case Against Retrenchment,” International Security, Vol. 37, No. 3 (Winter 2012/13), pp. 7–51) A core premise of deep engagement is that it prevents the emergence of a far AND that of potential rivals is by many measures growing rather than shrinking. 85
4/27/14
round 4 TOC
Tournament: TOC | Round: 4 | Opponent: Blake SW | Judge: Dana Randall 1AC Cuba 1AC Contention One Contention One is Russia: The US is perceived as not engaging Cuba now. That is causing Russian take over in our backyard. Cuba is key to combating expansion. Otero, 3/27/2014 (Evelio, Retired US Air Force Colonel, double major from Iowa State University, in Political Science and Journalism. He earned a Master’s Degree in International Relations from Troy University, and a Master’s Degree in Strategic Studies from the U.S. Air War College, “With other countries on move in our backyard, U.S. is clawless” http://tbo.com/list/news-opinion-commentary/with-other-countries-on-move-in-our-backyard-us-is-clawless-20140327/)
On the first week in March the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, AND Russians, Cuba and China to influence Latin America any way they want.
Russia expanding into Latin America now – that collapses Washington’s influence and will escalate to nuclear weapons. Maloof, 3/22/2014 (Michael, senior staff writer for WND/G2Bulletin, is a former security policy analyst in the Office of the Secretary of Defense” http://www.wnd.com/2014/03/putin-to-put-russian-bases-in-latin-america/)
WASHINGTON – As the world remains riveted on Moscow’s annexation of the Crimean Peninsula, AND secure, pervasive and particularly significant in high tech areas,” Blank said.
This is only true because of US Neglect in the region – acts as a vacuum for Russia to fill. --AT: LA won’t let Russia In – They’ll cave b/c of Russian Influence and money. Goebel, 3/24/2014 (Nicole, DW, “Putin's power play embraces Latin America” http://www.dw.de/putins-power-play-embraces-latin-america/a-17516572)
There was little reaction from the Cuban government even after a Russian warship docked in AND it wants to restore the empire and it wants a totally free hand."
Cuban-Russian naval bases causes mass arm sales and nuclear tensions. Inter-American Dialogue, 2012 (U.S. based think tank for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs, “Are External Tensions Entangling Latin American Countries?” http://www.cepr.net/documents/CEPR_News/LAA120810.pdf)
A Stephen Johnson, senior fellow and director of the Americas Program at the Center AND America. There is no reason for the Russians to do so." Makes miscalc likely Orozco, 2008 (Jose, Correspondent for Christian Science Monitor, “Cold war echo: Russian military maneuvers with Venezuela,” http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Americas/2008/0912/p01s05-woam.html)
The last time a Russian Navy ship plied the azure waters of the Caribbean for AND as long-range patrol planes for the upcoming joint exercises with Venezuela.
President Obama and Russian President Dimitri Medvedev are scheduled to Wednesday in London during the AND alert status of nuclear weapons that existed in 1995 remains in place today. Normalizing relations with Cuba crowds out Russia Blank, 2009 (Stephen, Research Professor of National Security Affairs at the Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College, “Russia in Latin America: Geopolitical Games in the US’s Neighborhood,” pdf)
The only way in which Russian policy truly threatens the US and Latin America is AND reverse those outcomes and demonstrate what liberal democracy in action can truly accomplish. Loosening the Cuban embargo is the only thing that can reset our regional relationship Robert E. White, 3/7/2013, a senior fellow at the Center for International Policy, was the United States ambassador to Paraguay from 1977 to 1979 and to El Salvador from 1980 to 1981, After Chávez, a Chance to Rethink Relations With Cuba, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/08/opinion/after-chavez-hope-for-good-neighbors-in-latin-america.html?pagewanted=all
For most of our history, the United States assumed that its security was inextricably AND cooperating in matters of common concern would be reduced to a historical footnote.
1AC Plan Text The United States federal government should substantially reduce economic sanctions on Cuba because it violates their right to development. 1AC Contention Two Contention Two is Right to Develop: R2D is developed through the practice of leading nations like the United States. Only the plan makes the R2D self executing and codifies CIL. Manchak, 2010 (Benjamin, staff writer, Boston College Third World Law Journal, “NOTE: COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC SANCTIONS, THE RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT, AND CONSTITUTIONALLY IMPERMISSIBLE VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW,” 30 B.C. Third World L.J. 417, Lexis)
Because of its ubiquity and broad-based acceptance by the international¶ community, AND under treaty and¶ customary international law regarding the right to development.42 Embargo wrecks the R2D – only reforming domestic law solves reverse causality Manchak, 2010 (Benjamin, staff writer, Boston College Third World Law Journal, “NOTE: COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC SANCTIONS, THE RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT, AND CONSTITUTIONALLY IMPERMISSIBLE VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW,” 30 B.C. Third World L.J. 417, Lexis)
The manner in which the embargo impacts the humanitarian¶ situation in Cuba, and AND of the blockade even under the most restrictive¶ understandings of development.82 It’s reverse causal – lifting the embargo sends a signal of willingness to use Right to development Manchak 10 (Benjamin, staff writer, Boston College Third World Law Journal, “NOTE: COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC SANCTIONS, THE RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT, AND CONSTITUTIONALLY IMPERMISSIBLE VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW,” 30 B.C. Third World L.J. 417, Lexis)
As a matter of domestic law, it is clear the United States may disavow AND executive, legislative, and judicial--has a role to play. n125
Statistical analysis proves territorial disputes are likely and will escalate Valeriano 9 - Assistant Professor of Political Science, Ph.D. at Vanderbilt University Brandon, “When States Die: Geographic and Territorial Pathways to State Death,” http://tigger.uic.edu/~bvaler/When20Do20States20Die20II20Final.doc
Due to the salience of territorial disputes (Senese 1996) and their connection to AND primary factor that one must defend in order for a state to survive.
On February 3, 2014, on the front page of a Chinese newspaper there AND -sum game, and should treat China and other countries as equals. Specifically – different belief in the application of I-Law is necessary to solve territorial crisis escalation Zurong 14 (Wu, researcher at China Foundation for International StudiesRespect for China’s Right to Development Is Essential http://www.chinausfocus.com/foreign-policy/respect-for-chinas-right-to-development-is-essential/)
Secondly, if the US stops its reconnaissance of China at China’s door, it AND established international practices as well as the right way to work together. But it is very clear that the sustained US reconnaissance at China’s door, in AND people and remains one of the major obstacles in Sino-US relations. They go nuclear Chakraborty 10 (Tuhin Subhro, Research Associate at Rajiv Gandhi Institute for Contemporary Studies (RGICS, The United States Service Institution of India, 2010, “The Initiation and Outlook of ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting (ADMM) Plus Eight”, http://www.usiofindia.org/Article/?pub=Strategic20Perspectiveandpubno=20andano=739)
The first ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting Plus Eight (China, India, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Russia and the USA) was held on the 12th of October. When this frame work of ADMM Plus Eight came into news for the first time it was seen as a development which could be the initiating step to a much needed security architecture in the Asia Pacific. Asia Pacific is fast emerging as the economic center of the world, consequently securing of vulnerable economic assets has become mandatory. The source of threat to economic assets is basically unconventional in nature like natural disasters, terrorism and maritime piracy. This coupled with the conventional security threats and flashpoints based on territorial disputes and political differences are very much a part of the region posing a major security challenge. As mentioned ADMM Plus Eight can be seen as the first initiative on such AND can be seen as a more of a conventional threat to the region. The question here is that how far this ADMM Plus Eight can go to address the conventional security threats or is it an initiative which would be confined to meetings and passing resolution and playing second fiddle to the ASEAN summit. It is very important to realize that when one is talking about effective security architecture for the Asia Pacific one has to talk in terms of addressing the conventional issues like the territorial and political disputes. These issues serve as bigger flashpoint which can snowball into a major conflict which has the possibility of turning into a nuclear conflict.
Absent R2D for the SCS China will react violently. Haotian 08 (Chi Haotian, Reseracher – China Scope, “China Ready for Nuclear War, Top Chinese Military Official’s Speeches Reveal”, http://chinascope.org/m/content/view/424/148/1/0/)
At the present time in China, even the most hawkish of hawkish persons would AND is time for us to pick up arms to guard this national right. It is fitting that internal affairs determines diplomacy, but do not forget that in AND wish to invest more in science, education, culture, and health?
Solution of the SCS in conflict that favors developing countries is necessary to CCP stability Yanjun 10 Sun Yanjun, Epoch Times Staff, “The Chinese Regime’s Coming Move Into the South China Sea”
But the CCP’s hand will be forced by the expectations it has created among the AND China Sea, the CCP could well be abandoned by the Chinese people. Sovereignty and territoriality is the unique question Turcsanyi 13 10/21/2013 Richard Turcsanyi visiting fellow at the European Institute for Asian Studies. He studied international relations, economics and political science at Masaryk University, Czech Republic and currently is pursuing his Ph.D. at the the same institution, where he also teaches courses on East Asia, Chinese Foreign Policy and theories of international relations. He is also a Research Fellow at the Institute of Asian Studies, Bratislava and Editor-in-Chief of Global Politics magazine. His research interests include regional international system of East Asia, Chinese foreign policy and relations between China and (Central) Europe. China’s Swinging National Interest in the South China Sea
Eventually, the perspective of regime security is perhaps the ‘core interest’ being most AND the regime security, as the internal unrests which would threaten the regime.
CCP collapse causes multiple global nuclear wars – Korea, Taiwan, Japan, India, and Asian economic collapse. Perkinson 12 Jessica Perkinson, Master School Of International Service American University , “The Potential For Instability in the PRC: How The Doomsday Theory Misses the Mark”
There are a number of areas of concern among China’s immediate regional neighbors and partners AND regarding territorial disputes, and stability of the Sino-Indian border area. First, the stability of the Korean Peninsula rests in large part on the stability AND in trade156 in order to ease the effect of the existing international sanctions. In addition, China has been a facilitator of the Six-Party Talks, AND bring North Korea back to the diplomatic negotiations over their nuclear regime.159 South Korea’s dependence on China’s continued stability is twofold. Not only does South Korea AND with a serious nuclear and conventional military conflict between North and South Korea. A second region that relies heavily on the continued stability of China’s government is the AND to make any inflammatory statements that could set off conflict on the Strait. However, a period of significant reform within the CCP could lend itself to instability AND and allies could be pulled into a protracted conflict between the two regions. A third region that has a deep interest in China’s political stability is their neighbor AND that China and Japan are growing their trade dependence at an astounding rate. In addition, Japan and China continue to disagree over the status of some hotly AND regional neighbors and international partners into a protracted conflict between the two nations. A fourth region that would be negatively affected by political destabilization in China is their AND China’s potential actions or move to take the Arunachal Pradesh region by force. Not only could political instability in China cause a border conflict between India and China AND as China already suffers from this issue on its border with North Korea. In addition, any political stability within the CCP would spell disaster for the Indian AND from either side, destabilizing the region and India’ economy in the process. Outside of China’s immediate vicinity, there exist a number of countries that would be AND investment (FDI) into developing countries, primarily on the African continent.
Indian economic decline leads to global conflict and nuclear war between India and Pakistan Bouton 10 (Marshall M. Bouton, President – Chicago Council on Global Affairs, “America’s Interests in India”, CNAS Working Paper, October, http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_USInterestsinIndia_ Bouton.pdf) In South Asia, the most immediately compelling U.S. interest is preventing AND and terrorism, and much greater potential for unchecked interstate and civil conflict.
Korea war causes extinction Metz 13 Steven Metz 3-13, Chairman of the Regional Strategy and Planning Department and Research Professor of National Security Affairs at the Strategic Studies Institute, 3/13/13, “Strategic Horizons: Thinking the Unthinkable on a Second Korean War,” http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/12786/strategic-horizons-thinking-the-unthinkable-on-a-second-korean-war Today, North Korea is the most dangerous country on earth and the greatest threat AND two continued mutual trade and investment. Stranger things have happened in statecraft.
