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Cites
Entry
Date
Contact Info
Tournament: Contact Information | Round: 1 | Opponent: Not Applicable | Judge: Not Applicable Aff Cites: leokiminardo@gmail.com Neg Cites: jeremiahcha97@gmail.com
10/13/13
Fullerton Round 2
Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 2 | Opponent: Loyola DW | Judge: Lani Frazer Trade Normalization 1AC Contention 1 is Cuba Cooperation Trade normalization supports science diplomacy - solves biotechnology, biodiversity, and diseases. Pastrana et al., Sergio Jorge Pastrana is the Foreign Secretary of the Academia de AND . 5900 p. 345, ACCESSED June 30, 2013, RJ) In a few years, the two oldest national academies of science in the world AND us celebrate our mutual anniversaries by starting a new era of scientific cooperation. The embargo threatens biodiversity in shared and proximate regions – no bilateral cooperation on endangered species, oil spills, or natural disasters is sufficient in the status quo. Boom 12 (Brian M. Boom, Director of the Caribbean Biodiversity Program, September 2012, “Biodiversity without Borders: Advancing U.S.-Cuba Cooperation through ¶ Environmental Research,” Science and Diplomacy, Vol. 1, No. 3 (September 2012*). ¶ http://www.sciencediplomacy.org/article/2012/biodiversity-without-borders. Accessed June 24, 2013, RJ) THE ever-increasing challenges to the biodiversity shared by Cuba and the ¶ United AND further mutually beneficial study, monitoring, and protection ¶ of shared biodiversity.
Scenario 1 is Terror Biotechnology solves bioterror Bailey, Science Correspond for Reason Magazine, 1 Ronald, award-winning science correspondent for Reason magazine and Reason.com, where he writes a weekly science and technology column. Bailey is the author of the book Liberation Biology: The Moral and Scientific Case for the Biotech Revolution (Prometheus, 2005), and his work was featured in The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2004. In 2006, Bailey was shortlisted by the editors of Nature Biotechnology as one of the personalities who have made the "most significant contributions" to biotechnology in the last 10 years. 11/7/1, “The Best Biodefense,” Reason, http://reason.com/archives/2001/11/07/the-best-biodefense But Cipro and other antibiotics are just a small part of the arsenal that could AND , America’s best biodefense is a vital and profitable pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry. Bioterrorism coming now —most probable impact. Glassman, Executive director of the George W. Bush Institute, 12 James, 4-4-12 , "We're Letting Our Bioterrorism Defense Down" , http://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesglassman/2012/04/04/were-letting-our-bioterrorism-defenses-down/print/ , 7-10-13 , JC A little over three years ago, a commission of experts, established by Congress AND , dry-powdered anthrax,” said the Bio-Response Report Card.
Bioweapons o/w any nuclear war. Ochs, 2 – MA in Natural Resource Management from Rutgers University and Naturalist at Grand Teton National Park (Richard, “Biological Weapons Must be Abolished Immediately,” Jun 9, http://www.freefromterror.net/other_articles/abolish.html)
Of all the weapons of mass destruction, the genetically engineered biological weapons, many AND patriotism would extinguish humanity, then patriotism is the highest of all crimes. Scenario 2 is Coral Offshore oil development threatens Cuba and Florida environment, oil spills could destroy the ecosystem, including coral reefs and fisheries. Conell, Research associate at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs, 9 (Christina, June 12 2009, The Council on Hemispheric Affairs, “The U.S. and Cuba: Destined to be an Environmental Duo?” , http://www.coha.org/the-us-and-cuba-an-environmental-duo/, 6/25/13, ND) The recent discovery of oil and natural gas reserves in the Florida straits in Cuban AND a cooperative relationship that will foster tourism and growth in a sustainable manner.
Coral reefs are vital to curbing ocean acidification, necessary for breathable oxygen and the marine food web Romm, Ph.D. in physics from MIT, 9 (Joseph, Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, “Imagine a World without Fish: Deadly ocean acidification — hard to deny, harder to geo-engineer, but not hard to stop — is subject of documentary,” http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2009/09/02/204589/a-sea-change-imagine-a-world-without-fish-ocean-acidification-film/, 6-30-13)
Other continental shelf regions may also be impacted where anthropogenic CO2-enriched water is AND parts per million, you put calcification out of business in the oceans.” Biodiversity loss risks extinction Walsh 10 Bryan, covers environment, energy and — when the need arises — particularly alarming diseases for TIME magazine, Wildlife: A Global Convention on Biodiversity Opens in Japan, But Can It Make a Difference? October 18, 2010 http://ecocentric.blogs.time.com/2010/10/18/wildlife-a-global-convention-on-biodiversity-opens-in-japan-but-can-it-make-a-difference/#ixzz131wU6CSp The story of non-human life on the planet Earth over the past few AND forgive us. We're losing nature. And that loss really is forever. Scenario 3 is Disease
Extinction Yu ‘9 Victoria, “Human Extinction: The Uncertainty of Our Fate,” Dartmouth Journal of Undergraduate Science, May 22, http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/spring-2009/human-extinction-the-uncertainty-of-our-fate In the past, humans have indeed fallen victim to viruses. Perhaps the best AND could only infect birds — into a human-viable strain (10).
Contention 2 is Agriculture The plan jumpstarts US investment in Cuban organoponics – causing a widespread global urban agricultural revolution Shkolnick, 12 – (J.D. Candidate, Drake University Law School (Jacob, “SIN EMBARGO: n1 THE CUBAN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR THE UNITED STATES” 17 Drake J. Agric. L. 683, Fall, lexis)
VI. New Opportunities¶ While investment in Cuban businesses and sales or purchases of AND may be just what is needed to allow for urban agriculture to flourish. Scenario 1 is Food Security Global collapse of industrial agriculture is inevitable - new ag model is key to prevent food shortages. Peters, 10 – (LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf) The U.S. agricultural system is becoming increasingly more concentrated, specialized, AND response to rapidly changing climate conditions and will help to ensure food security. Food insecurity due to shortage will redraw the geopolitical map and cause a huge wave of food wars Ikerd 2002 – Professor Emeritus of Agricultural Economics @ University of Missouri (John E. Ikerd, “Small Farms: The Foundation for Long-Run Food Security,” Presented at “A Time to Act: Providing Educators with Resources to Address Small Farm Issues,” sponsored by University of Illinois, Agroecology/Sustainable Agriculture Program, Effingham and Peoria, IL, Nov. 13-14, 2002, pg. http://web.missouri.edu/ikerdj/papers/IllSmall.html)
Economists argue we need not be concerned about becoming dependent upon the rest of the AND willingness and ability to ensure the sustainability of its food and farming systems. Extinction Cribb 10 – (Julian is a science communicator and author of The Coming Famine: the global food crisis and what we can do to avoid it. He is a member of On Line Opinion's Editorial Advisory Board. “The Coming Famine,” August 24, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/25/books/excerpt-the-coming-famine.html?pagewanted=all, Accessed Date: 3-6-13 y2)HA The character of human conflict has also changed: since the early 1990s, more AND the greatest test of our global humanity and our wisdom we have yet faced
Scenario 2 is the Environment Dead zones cause ocean degradation Tatchell 8 – human rights activist, internally quotes ecologists (Peter, 8/13, The oxygen crisis, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/13/carbonemissions.climatechange, AG) Compared to prehistoric times, the level of oxygen in the earth's atmosphere has declined AND reproductive capacity of sea life, which could further diminish global fish supplies.
Extinction Craig 2k3, Robin Kundis , Associate Professor of Law, Indiana University School of Law, 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155, (From Wake HM) Biodiversity and ecosystem function arguments for conserving marine ecosystems also exist, just as they AND - even if a few fishers go out of business as a result. Thus the Plan The United States federal government should normalize its trade relations with Cuba. Contention 3: Solvency Cuban officials say they want the embargo lifted, solving any governmental impediments. Normalization is key Cave 12 (November 19, 2012, Damien Cave is a foreign correspondent for The New York Times, based in Mexico City. Along with two other reporters, he covers Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, “Easing of Restraints in Cuba Renews Debate on U.S. Embargo” http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/20/world/americas/changes-in-cuba-create-support-for-easing-embargo.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0) Cuban officials say the shortages fueling the black market are caused by the embargo. AND the 1950s. “There is a lot of work to be done.”
Access to the US export market is key to the viability of the Cuban model Kost, 4 – (agricultural economist, Specialty Crops Branch, Economic Research. Service, US Department of Agriculture (William, “CUBAN AGRICULTURE: TO BE OR NOT TO BE ORGANIC?” http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume14/pdfs/kost.pdf)//HA In addition to the above European markets, the successful expansion and viability of Cuba’s AND domestic consumption in an environment where other production approaches are just not available. Organoponic ag is sustainable – backed by ministry of ag Killoran o6, Faculty of environmental studies at (Sonja. “Cuba's Urban Agriculture: Food Security and Urban Sustainability”, Women and Environments International Magazine, 2006 (spring)
In Cuba this is far from the case. The density of the city, AND This means that women are the primary promoters and educators for urban agriculture. We control uniqueness of all Sphere of influence DA’s - China likes the plan Xinhua ’12 (U.S. embargo brings huge sufferings to Cuban people: China, 11/14/12, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-11/14/c_131971998.htm)
The economic, commercial and financial embargo imposed by the United States on Cuba has AND to promote the stability and development in Latin America and the Caribbean region."
Contention One is the Status Quo of Economic Engagement The United States selectively engages with Latin America for its own economic interests. This ideology dictates our thinking; we only care about Latin America when it’s useful for us to do so. Arceneaux and Pion-Berlin, 2005 (Craig, David, “Transforming Latin America: The International and Domestic Origins of Change”, p.219-221) Policy Implications Knowing when and why foreign forces matter to the conduct of events in AND will tell whether its independence proves to be a blessing or a curse. Even when policymakers choose to engage, they do so in a manner that disregards the interests of the people of Mexico. U.S. neoliberal interventions may have “secured” our narrow, strategic interests – but – they have resulted in ongoing violence against the people of Latin America, ignoring their interests. Jacobs 4 (Jamie Elizabeth, Assistant Prof of Polisci at West Virginia U, "Neoliberalism and Neopanamericanism: The View from Latin America," Latin American Politics and Society 46.4 (2004) 149-152, MUSE) The advance of neoliberalism suffers no shortage of critics, both from its supporters who AND further weakening of state sovereignty in the South. End Page 150 The Chiapan people are representative of the crisis of neoliberalism – people are commodities that are utilized by the elite in order to maximize profits. Nothing can outweigh. Banerjee, professor at the international graduate school of business at the University of South Australia, 2008 Subhabrata, Necrocapitalism, Organization Studies 2008 29: 1541
Many indigenous communities all over the world are fighting against economic, social, and AND the mines or prostitution became their only means of income (Sharma 2003). Capitalism renders masses of people nonexistent through exploitation and oppression. Your primary obligation is to work to bring the nonexistent back into existence Badiou 12 (Alain, philosophy at EGS, “The Rebirth of History”, p 55-56)-jn
I can summarize all this in a language at once more abstract and simpler. AND unlike the restitution of the inexistent, the event itself is invariably elusive. Thus, John and I affirm solidarity with the Zapatista Army of Liberation (EZLN) in Chiapas, Mexico. In 1994, a group of indigenous people in Mexico and disgruntled Mexican citizens marched on the government in reaction to the North American Free Trade Agreement. They demanded that the state no longer ignore them, and provide for the needs of their people. This declaration of war against these policies marked an eventual rupture in the fabric of globalization. Nail 12 (Thomas, postdoctoral lecturer in the Philosophy Department at the University of Denver, “Returning to Revolution”, ed. Claire Colebrook et al., p 102-103)-jn
It is also possible, however, that revolutionary interventions really split political life down AND is acknowledged but ultimately staved off through mediating forms of compromise and representation. Through this solidarity, we connect ourselves with the Zapatistas, which means we connect ourselves with a nonviolent protest against this oppressive domination Maccani 8 (RJ Maccani, senior reporter in NYC, working both for news organizations and resistance groups, from the newsletter, “Solidarity: What does it mean now? May/June 2008,” “Be a Zapatista Wherever You Are,” http://www.resistinc.org/newsletters/articles/be-zapatista-wherever-you-are,)
Behind our black mask, behind our armed voice, behind our unnamable name, AND powerfully and clearly in their "Everything for everyone, nothing for ourselves."
Zapatistas urge international solidarity to combat the totality of global neoliberalism Paulson, Justin 2001 “Peasant Struggles and International Solidarity: The Case of Chiapas” Socialist Register. 285-86 ¶ Nor should one accept the view that those who do act in solidarity thereby AND —¶ so far—a capacity to endure and evolve within the struggle. We should recreate debate as a pedagogical space beyond the ideological parameters of neoliberalism. This is the only way to change the world—each and every instance is key. Rodriguez 9 (Arturo, professor in the College of Education at Boise State University, “Anti-capitalist Analytical Fusion: Science, Pedagogy and Revolution”, Journal for Activist Science and Technology Education, volume 1, number 2, pp. 48-58)-jn-gender+disability modified
If the above resembles a rant consider why a string of words that includes political AND more importantly, offer an alternative to the living currently destroying the planet.
It’s a question of resonance—our speech act is key to criticize United States selective engagement. Every little action is key. Nail 12 (Thomas, postdoctoral lecturer in the Philosophy Department at the University of Denver, “Returning to Revolution”, ed. Claire Colebrook et al., p 165-168)-jn
Transversal Relays Thus, if solidarity is possible, how does it work? By AND heterogeneous political conditions (never merging but becoming more or less transversally identical).
Debate is key—it brings a new form of communication and activism (Mark Gelsomino,2010 Mark is a recent graduate of the Masters of Information Studies program at the University of Toronto. In addition to his studies he sat on the executive of the Canadian Library Association U of T Student Chapter and served as co-chair for the U of T Librarians Without Borders chapter. Prior to coming to Toronto, Mark worked as a Systems Specialist for the Ottawa Public Library. He completed his Anthropology undergrad at Carleton University where he focused on criminology, forensic psychology and Indigenous issues, “The Zapatista Effect: Information Communication Technology Activism and Marginalized Communities” http://fiq.ischool.utoronto.ca/index.php/fiq/article/view/15404)
Instead of running for office, the EZLN sought to influence the decision-making AND new forms of communication would allow them to side-step traditional practices.
And, ordering with obedience is a political praxis that allows for a pragmatic politics of the now – questions of long-term solvency frame systemic impacts as normalized functions of institutions. Only the aff can allow for critical analysis that interrogates institutions of domination. Wagner and Moreira 3 Valeria, professor of Hispanic studies at the University of Geneva, and Alejandro, Fall 2003, “Toward a Quixotic Pragmatism: The Case of the Zapatista Insurgence”, boundary 2, Volume 30, Number 3, pg. 205-207) That there is no foreseeable future to revolutions, "no recipes, lines, AND " is today, not tomorrow; their "moving principle," now. And, solidarity and collective agreement is necessary for an ideological shift in political praxis to occur – only by assuming a pragmatic form of revolutionary politics like that of the Zapatistas can we begin to change the capitalist status quo. Wagner and Moreira 2003 Valeria Wagner and Alejandro Moreira, Towards a Quixotic Pragmatism: The Case of the Zapatista Insurgence, PDF Academic Journal, 2003, http://muse.jhu.edu.proxy.lib.umich.edu/journals/boundary/v030/30.3wagner.html "As Che Guevara would have said: ‘When the dream of evolution dissipates AND nor the same revolution, that is associated with the image of Che. A necessary prerequisite to increasing our economic engagement is creating a paradigmatic shift in the way that policies are formulated and passed. We must usher in a new wave of non-oppressive systems that incorporate the perspectives of those who truly make up Mexico. Cuninghame and Corona 1998, Patrick Cuninghame (Sociology lecturer at the Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, A Hons degree in History from Edinburgh University, PhD in Sociology from Middlesex University) and Carolina Ballesteros Corona (psychologist and lecturer in pedagogy at the Universidad Pedagogica Nacional in the state of Mexico), A Rainbow at Midnight: Zapatistas and Autonomy, Pg. 14-16
January 1 1994 was chosen by the EZLN’s base support communities as the starting date AND from the political and economic institutions of both the state and the market.
11/30/13
Fullerton Round 6
Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 6 | Opponent: Nevada Union FH | Judge: Luz Lopez Trade Normalization 1AC Contention 1 is Cuba Cooperation Trade normalization supports science diplomacy - solves biotechnology, biodiversity, and diseases. Pastrana et al., Sergio Jorge Pastrana is the Foreign Secretary of the Academia de AND . 5900 p. 345, ACCESSED June 30, 2013, RJ) In a few years, the two oldest national academies of science in the world AND us celebrate our mutual anniversaries by starting a new era of scientific cooperation. The embargo threatens biodiversity in shared and proximate regions – no bilateral cooperation on endangered species, oil spills, or natural disasters is sufficient in the status quo. Boom 12 (Brian M. Boom, Director of the Caribbean Biodiversity Program, September 2012, “Biodiversity without Borders: Advancing U.S.-Cuba Cooperation through ¶ Environmental Research,” Science and Diplomacy, Vol. 1, No. 3 (September 2012*). ¶ http://www.sciencediplomacy.org/article/2012/biodiversity-without-borders. Accessed June 24, 2013, RJ) THE ever-increasing challenges to the biodiversity shared by Cuba and the ¶ United AND further mutually beneficial study, monitoring, and protection ¶ of shared biodiversity.
Scenario 1 is Terror Biotechnology solves bioterror Bailey, Science Correspond for Reason Magazine, 1 Ronald, award-winning science correspondent for Reason magazine and Reason.com, where he writes a weekly science and technology column. Bailey is the author of the book Liberation Biology: The Moral and Scientific Case for the Biotech Revolution (Prometheus, 2005), and his work was featured in The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2004. In 2006, Bailey was shortlisted by the editors of Nature Biotechnology as one of the personalities who have made the "most significant contributions" to biotechnology in the last 10 years. 11/7/1, “The Best Biodefense,” Reason, http://reason.com/archives/2001/11/07/the-best-biodefense But Cipro and other antibiotics are just a small part of the arsenal that could AND , America’s best biodefense is a vital and profitable pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry. Bioterrorism coming now —most probable impact. Glassman, Executive director of the George W. Bush Institute, 12 James, 4-4-12 , "We're Letting Our Bioterrorism Defense Down" , http://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesglassman/2012/04/04/were-letting-our-bioterrorism-defenses-down/print/ , 7-10-13 , JC A little over three years ago, a commission of experts, established by Congress AND , dry-powdered anthrax,” said the Bio-Response Report Card.
Bioweapons o/w any nuclear war. Ochs, 2 – MA in Natural Resource Management from Rutgers University and Naturalist at Grand Teton National Park (Richard, “Biological Weapons Must be Abolished Immediately,” Jun 9, http://www.freefromterror.net/other_articles/abolish.html)
Of all the weapons of mass destruction, the genetically engineered biological weapons, many AND patriotism would extinguish humanity, then patriotism is the highest of all crimes. Scenario 2 is Coral Offshore oil development threatens Cuba and Florida environment, oil spills could destroy the ecosystem, including coral reefs and fisheries. Conell, Research associate at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs, 9 (Christina, June 12 2009, The Council on Hemispheric Affairs, “The U.S. and Cuba: Destined to be an Environmental Duo?” , http://www.coha.org/the-us-and-cuba-an-environmental-duo/, 6/25/13, ND) The recent discovery of oil and natural gas reserves in the Florida straits in Cuban AND a cooperative relationship that will foster tourism and growth in a sustainable manner.
Coral reefs are vital to curbing ocean acidification, necessary for breathable oxygen and the marine food web Romm, Ph.D. in physics from MIT, 9 (Joseph, Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, “Imagine a World without Fish: Deadly ocean acidification — hard to deny, harder to geo-engineer, but not hard to stop — is subject of documentary,” http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2009/09/02/204589/a-sea-change-imagine-a-world-without-fish-ocean-acidification-film/, 6-30-13)
Other continental shelf regions may also be impacted where anthropogenic CO2-enriched water is AND parts per million, you put calcification out of business in the oceans.” Biodiversity loss risks extinction Walsh 10 Bryan, covers environment, energy and — when the need arises — particularly alarming diseases for TIME magazine, Wildlife: A Global Convention on Biodiversity Opens in Japan, But Can It Make a Difference? October 18, 2010 http://ecocentric.blogs.time.com/2010/10/18/wildlife-a-global-convention-on-biodiversity-opens-in-japan-but-can-it-make-a-difference/#ixzz131wU6CSp The story of non-human life on the planet Earth over the past few AND forgive us. We're losing nature. And that loss really is forever. Contention 2 is Agriculture Global industrial agriculture is unsustainable – effects are irreversible Peters 10 – LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf) The U.S. agricultural system is becoming increasingly more concentrated, specialized, AND to rapidly changing climate conditions and will help to ensure food security.46 Cuba’s model of urban agriculture is a sustainable alternative Peters 10 – LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf) While urban agriculture was a response to a dramatic crisis in Cuba’s history, through AND a new economy for many Cubans without negatively impacting the environment or society. The plan spreads organoponic production---revitalizing urban spaces Shkolnick 12 (Jacob, JD Candidate at Drake, SIN EMBARGO: 1 THE CUBAN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR THE UNITED STATES”, Fall 2012, 17 Drake J. Agric L 683, lexis)moxley While investment in Cuban businesses and sales or purchases of Cuban products must still move AND may be just what is needed to allow for urban agriculture to flourish. Access to US export model spreads the Cuban model Kost 04 – agricultural economist, Specialty Crops Branch, Economic Research. Service, US Department of Agriculture (William, “CUBAN AGRICULTURE: TO BE OR NOT TO BE ORGANIC?” http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume14/pdfs/kost.pdf) In addition to the above European markets, the successful expansion and viability of Cuba’s AND domestic consumption in an environment where other production approaches are just not available. The US is key to global ag policy WFP 10 World Food Prize, “Chicago Council Wins Grant to Expand Global Agricultural Development Initiative,” Dec 23, 2010, pg. http://www.worldfoodprize.org/index.cfm?nodeID=24667andaction=displayandnewsID=11003 A number of policy developments indicate that the United States is beginning to recognize the AND U.S. policy toward supporting agriculture as a poverty alleviation tool.”
Given the clear consensus among scientists that the world is not doing enough to leave the path to catastrophic climate change by 2020, the world looks to the United States for action. Contrary to perceptions of political inaction on climate change, the United States has not only already driven down its emissions, but also has several opportunities to step up climate leadership and win further emissions reductions. Industrial agriculture is the root cause of warming – only a shift now solves Cummins 10 (Ronnie, founder and Director of the Organic Consumers Association (OCA), a non-profit, U.S. based network of 850,000 consumers, dedicated to safeguarding organic standards and promoting a healthy, just, and sustainable system of agriculture and commerce. The OCA’s primary strategy is to work on national and global campaigns promoting health, justice, and sustainability that integrate public education, marketplace pressure, media work, litigation, and grassroots lobbying. Cummins is also editor of OCA’s website www.organicconsumers.org (30,000 visitors a day) and newsletters, Organic Bytes (270,000 subscribers), and Organic View, he has served as director of US and international efforts such as the Pure Food Campaign, and the Global Days of Action Against GMOs. From 1992-98 Cummins served as a campaign director for the Foundation on Economic Trends in Washington, D.C, October 10th, 2010, “Industrial Agriculture and Human Survival: The Road Beyond 10/10/10”, http://www.commondreams.org/view/2010/10/07-9)//moxley Industrial Food and Farming: A Deadly Root of Global Warming Although transportation, industry AND make the transition to an organic and green economy or we will perish. Scenario 3 is Warming Industrial agriculture is the root cause of warming – only a shift now solves Cummins 10 (Ronnie, founder and Director of the Organic Consumers Association (OCA), a non-profit, U.S. based network of 850,000 consumers, dedicated to safeguarding organic standards and promoting a healthy, just, and sustainable system of agriculture and commerce. The OCA’s primary strategy is to work on national and global campaigns promoting health, justice, and sustainability that integrate public education, marketplace pressure, media work, litigation, and grassroots lobbying. Cummins is also editor of OCA’s website www.organicconsumers.org (30,000 visitors a day) and newsletters, Organic Bytes (270,000 subscribers), and Organic View, he has served as director of US and international efforts such as the Pure Food Campaign, and the Global Days of Action Against GMOs. From 1992-98 Cummins served as a campaign director for the Foundation on Economic Trends in Washington, D.C, October 10th, 2010, “Industrial Agriculture and Human Survival: The Road Beyond 10/10/10”, http://www.commondreams.org/view/2010/10/07-9)//moxley Industrial Food and Farming: A Deadly Root of Global Warming Although transportation, industry AND make the transition to an organic and green economy or we will perish.
Thus the Plan The United States federal government should normalize its trade relations with Cuba. Contention 3: Solvency Cuban officials say they want the embargo lifted, solving any governmental impediments. Normalization is key Cave 12 (November 19, 2012, Damien Cave is a foreign correspondent for The New York Times, based in Mexico City. Along with two other reporters, he covers Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, “Easing of Restraints in Cuba Renews Debate on U.S. Embargo” http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/20/world/americas/changes-in-cuba-create-support-for-easing-embargo.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0) Cuban officials say the shortages fueling the black market are caused by the embargo. AND the 1950s. “There is a lot of work to be done.”
The economic, commercial and financial embargo imposed by the United States on Cuba has AND to promote the stability and development in Latin America and the Caribbean region."
11/30/13
LCC Round 5
Tournament: La Costa Canyon | Round: 5 | Opponent: PV Peninsula TW | Judge: Joel Su 1AC Contention One is the Status Quo of Economic Engagement The United States selectively engages with Latin America for its own economic interests. This ideology dictates our thinking; we only care about Latin America when it’s useful for us to do so. Arceneaux and Pion-Berlin, 2005 (Craig, David, “Transforming Latin America: The International and Domestic Origins of Change”, p.219-221) Policy Implications Knowing when and why foreign forces matter to the conduct of events in AND will tell whether its independence proves to be a blessing or a curse. Even when policymakers choose to engage, they do so in a manner that disregards the interests of the people of Mexico. U.S. neoliberal interventions may have “secured” our narrow, strategic interests – but – they have resulted in ongoing violence against the people of Latin America, ignoring their interests. Jacobs 4 (Jamie Elizabeth, Assistant Prof of Polisci at West Virginia U, "Neoliberalism and Neopanamericanism: The View from Latin America," Latin American Politics and Society 46.4 (2004) 149-152, MUSE) The advance of neoliberalism suffers no shortage of critics, both from its supporters who AND further weakening of state sovereignty in the South. End Page 150 The Chiapan people are representative of the crisis of neoliberalism – people are commodities that are utilized by the elite in order to maximize profits. Nothing can outweigh. Banerjee, professor at the international graduate school of business at the University of South Australia, 2008 Subhabrata, Necrocapitalism, Organization Studies 2008 29: 1541
Many indigenous communities all over the world are fighting against economic, social, and AND the mines or prostitution became their only means of income (Sharma 2003). Capitalism renders masses of people nonexistent through exploitation and oppression. Your primary obligation is to work to bring the nonexistent back into existence Badiou 12 (Alain, philosophy at EGS, “The Rebirth of History”, p 55-56)-jn
I can summarize all this in a language at once more abstract and simpler. AND unlike the restitution of the inexistent, the event itself is invariably elusive. Thus, John and I affirm solidarity with the Zapatista Army of Liberation (EZLN) in Chiapas, Mexico. In 1994, a group of indigenous people in Mexico and disgruntled Mexican citizens marched on the government in reaction to the North American Free Trade Agreement. They demanded that the state no longer ignore them, and provide for the needs of their people. This declaration of war against these policies marked an eventual rupture in the fabric of globalization. Nail 12 (Thomas, postdoctoral lecturer in the Philosophy Department at the University of Denver, “Returning to Revolution”, ed. Claire Colebrook et al., p 102-103)-jn
It is also possible, however, that revolutionary interventions really split political life down AND is acknowledged but ultimately staved off through mediating forms of compromise and representation. Through this solidarity, we connect ourselves with the Zapatistas, which means we connect ourselves with a nonviolent protest against this oppressive domination Maccani 8 (RJ Maccani, senior reporter in NYC, working both for news organizations and resistance groups, from the newsletter, “Solidarity: What does it mean now? May/June 2008,” “Be a Zapatista Wherever You Are,” http://www.resistinc.org/newsletters/articles/be-zapatista-wherever-you-are,)
Behind our black mask, behind our armed voice, behind our unnamable name, AND powerfully and clearly in their "Everything for everyone, nothing for ourselves."
Zapatistas urge international solidarity to combat the totality of global neoliberalism Paulson, Justin 2001 “Peasant Struggles and International Solidarity: The Case of Chiapas” Socialist Register. 285-86 ¶ Nor should one accept the view that those who do act in solidarity thereby AND —¶ so far—a capacity to endure and evolve within the struggle. We should recreate debate as a pedagogical space beyond the ideological parameters of neoliberalism. This is the only way to change the world—each and every instance is key. Rodriguez 9 (Arturo, professor in the College of Education at Boise State University, “Anti-capitalist Analytical Fusion: Science, Pedagogy and Revolution”, Journal for Activist Science and Technology Education, volume 1, number 2, pp. 48-58)-jn-gender+disability modified
If the above resembles a rant consider why a string of words that includes political AND more importantly, offer an alternative to the living currently destroying the planet.
It’s a question of resonance—our speech act is key to criticize United States selective engagement. Every little action is key. Nail 12 (Thomas, postdoctoral lecturer in the Philosophy Department at the University of Denver, “Returning to Revolution”, ed. Claire Colebrook et al., p 165-168)-jn
Transversal Relays Thus, if solidarity is possible, how does it work? By AND heterogeneous political conditions (never merging but becoming more or less transversally identical).
Debate is key—it brings a new form of communication and activism (Mark Gelsomino,2010 Mark is a recent graduate of the Masters of Information Studies program at the University of Toronto. In addition to his studies he sat on the executive of the Canadian Library Association U of T Student Chapter and served as co-chair for the U of T Librarians Without Borders chapter. Prior to coming to Toronto, Mark worked as a Systems Specialist for the Ottawa Public Library. He completed his Anthropology undergrad at Carleton University where he focused on criminology, forensic psychology and Indigenous issues, “The Zapatista Effect: Information Communication Technology Activism and Marginalized Communities” http://fiq.ischool.utoronto.ca/index.php/fiq/article/view/15404)
Instead of running for office, the EZLN sought to influence the decision-making AND new forms of communication would allow them to side-step traditional practices.
And, ordering with obedience is a political praxis that allows for a pragmatic politics of the now – questions of long-term solvency frame systemic impacts as normalized functions of institutions. Only the aff can allow for critical analysis that interrogates institutions of domination. Wagner and Moreira 3 Valeria, professor of Hispanic studies at the University of Geneva, and Alejandro, Fall 2003, “Toward a Quixotic Pragmatism: The Case of the Zapatista Insurgence”, boundary 2, Volume 30, Number 3, pg. 205-207) That there is no foreseeable future to revolutions, "no recipes, lines, AND " is today, not tomorrow; their "moving principle," now. And, solidarity and collective agreement is necessary for an ideological shift in political praxis to occur – only by assuming a pragmatic form of revolutionary politics like that of the Zapatistas can we begin to change the capitalist status quo. Wagner and Moreira 2003 Valeria Wagner and Alejandro Moreira, Towards a Quixotic Pragmatism: The Case of the Zapatista Insurgence, PDF Academic Journal, 2003, http://muse.jhu.edu.proxy.lib.umich.edu/journals/boundary/v030/30.3wagner.html "As Che Guevara would have said: ‘When the dream of evolution dissipates AND nor the same revolution, that is associated with the image of Che. A necessary prerequisite to increasing our economic engagement is creating a paradigmatic shift in the way that policies are formulated and passed. We must usher in a new wave of non-oppressive systems that incorporate the perspectives of those who truly make up Mexico. Cuninghame and Corona 1998, Patrick Cuninghame (Sociology lecturer at the Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, A Hons degree in History from Edinburgh University, PhD in Sociology from Middlesex University) and Carolina Ballesteros Corona (psychologist and lecturer in pedagogy at the Universidad Pedagogica Nacional in the state of Mexico), A Rainbow at Midnight: Zapatistas and Autonomy, Pg. 14-16
January 1 1994 was chosen by the EZLN’s base support communities as the starting date AND from the political and economic institutions of both the state and the market.
1/7/14
La Costa Canyon Round 1
Tournament: La Costa Canyon | Round: 1 | Opponent: Loyola MG | Judge: Ashley Moore Trade Normalization 1AC Plan: The United States federal government should normalize its trade relations with Cuba. Advantage 1 is Multilateralism The liberal order is collapsing—US commitment is key Deudney and Ikenberry 12 Daniel, Associate Professor of Political Science @ Johns Hopkins University, and G. John, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs @ Princeton University, November, “Democratic Internationalism An American Grand Strategy for a Post-Exceptionalist Era,” p. 4-5, AG This triumphalist moment is over. Within the United States, the domestic foundations of AND In short, the fate of democracies rests largely in their own hands. The plan is key to establishing a credible commitment to multilateralism and successful conflict resolution—this spills over to conflict prevention Dickerson 10 – Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted in fulfillment of a Master of Strategic Studies Degree at the US Army War College (Sergio M, “UNITED STATES SECURITY STRATEGY TOWARDS CUBA,” 1/14/10, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a518053.pdf) At the international political level, President Obama sees resuming relations with Cuba as a AND decline in the greater global order bringing true peace for years to come. Trade normalization reverses anti-Americanism and revitalizes diplomacy Hill et al. 09, Brigadier General John Adams (Ret.), General James T. Hill (Ret.), Commanding General for US SOUTHCOM 2002-2004, Lieutenant General John G. Castellaw (Ret.), Rear Admiral John D. Hutson (Ret.), Lieutenant General Daniel W. Christman (Ret.), Superintendent of the United States Military Academy 1996-2001, Lieutenant General Claudia J. Kennedy (Ret.), Major General Paul D. Eaton (Ret.), General Barry R. McCaffrey (Ret.), Commanding General for US SOUTHCOM 1994-1996, Lieutenant General Robert G. Gard (Ret.), Col. Lawrence B. Wilkerson (Ret.), assistant to Colin Powell during tenure as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Secretary of State, Rear Admiral Donald J. Guter (Ret.), General Johnnie E. Wilson (Ret.), Letter from US military officials to President Obama regarding Cuba policy, prepared by the New America Foundation / US – Cuba Policy Initiative, 4/13/09, http://democracyinamericas.org/pdfs/National_Security.pdf The current policy of isolating Cuba has failed, patently, to achieve our ends AND register deeply in the minds of our partners and competitors around the world. That solves for instability – the alternative is proliferation. Monteiro 11 (Nuno, Professor of Political Science at Yale University Monteiro is a research fellow at Yale’s Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies and a member of the Scientific Council of the Portuguese International Relations Institute (IPRI), Unrest Assured: Why Unipolarity Is Not Peaceful, http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ISEC_a_00064) A unipole carrying out an offensive-dominance strategy wants to revise the status quo AND development and, if necessary, resort to the use of force. 100 Global competitors is inevitable—bolstering relations is key to maintaining peaceful relations with rising powers and preventing great-power conflict. Fujimoto 2012 (Kevin, Lt. Colonel, U.S. Army, January 11, 2012, “Preserving U.S. National Security Interests Through a Liberal World Construct,” http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/index.cfm/articles/Preserving-US-National-Security-Interests-Liberal-World-Construct/2012/1/11) The emergence of peer competitors, not terrorism, presents the greatest long-term AND protect its interests later when we are no longer the world's only superpower.
Brink now – Russia and China are counter balancing – only multi lat solves Posen 13 Barry Posen - Ford International Professor of Political Science at MIT and the director of MIT's Security Studies Program. An expert in the field of security studies, he currently serves on the editorial boards of the journals International Security and Security Studies and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and served as a study group member for the Hart-Rudman Commission; ‘Pull Back: The Case for a Less Activist Foreign Policy’; http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138466/barry-r-posen/pull-back
American activism has also generated harder forms of balancing. China has worked assiduously to AND energy resources to export, and it still produces some impressive weapons systems.
Counterbalancing causes global nuclear escalation—multilateralism is key Roberts 7 (Paul Craig, Senior Research Fellow @ the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, William E. Simon Chairin Political Economy, Center for Strategic and International Studies “US Hegemony Spawns Russian-Chinese Military Alliance,”http:www.lewrockwell.com/roberts/roberts218.html) This week the Russian and Chinese militaries are conducting a joint military exercise involving large AND regime is the most irresponsibly aggressive regime the world has seen since Hitler’s. Advantage 2 is Agriculture Global industrial agriculture is unsustainable – multiple warrants Peters 10 – LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf) The U.S. agricultural system is becoming increasingly more concentrated, specialized, AND to rapidly changing climate conditions and will help to ensure food security.46 Scenario 1 is Dead Zones Dead zones cause ocean degradation Tatchell 8 – human rights activist, internally quotes ecologists (Peter, 8/13, The oxygen crisis, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/13/carbonemissions.climatechange, AG) Compared to prehistoric times, the level of oxygen in the earth's atmosphere has declined AND reproductive capacity of sea life, which could further diminish global fish supplies. Extinction Craig 2k3, Robin Kundis , Associate Professor of Law, Indiana University School of Law, 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155, (From Wake HM) Biodiversity and ecosystem function arguments for conserving marine ecosystems also exist, just as they AND - even if a few fishers go out of business as a result. Scenario 2 is Warming Industrial agriculture is the root cause of warming – only a shift now solves Cummins 10 (Ronnie, founder and Director of the Organic Consumers Association (OCA), a non-profit, U.S. based network of 850,000 consumers, dedicated to safeguarding organic standards and promoting a healthy, just, and sustainable system of agriculture and commerce. The OCA’s primary strategy is to work on national and global campaigns promoting health, justice, and sustainability that integrate public education, marketplace pressure, media work, litigation, and grassroots lobbying. Cummins is also editor of OCA’s website www.organicconsumers.org (30,000 visitors a day) and newsletters, Organic Bytes (270,000 subscribers), and Organic View, he has served as director of US and international efforts such as the Pure Food Campaign, and the Global Days of Action Against GMOs. From 1992-98 Cummins served as a campaign director for the Foundation on Economic Trends in Washington, D.C, October 10th, 2010, “Industrial Agriculture and Human Survival: The Road Beyond 10/10/10”, http://www.commondreams.org/view/2010/10/07-9)//moxley Industrial Food and Farming: A Deadly Root of Global Warming Although transportation, industry AND make the transition to an organic and green economy or we will perish. Warming is existential risk Deibel 7 (Terry L., professor of IR at National War College, “Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today Anthropogenic – caused by CO2,” Foreign Affairs Strategy, 2007) Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as AND States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet. Cuba’s model of urban agriculture is a sustainable alternative Peters 10 – LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf) While urban agriculture was a response to a dramatic crisis in Cuba’s history, through AND a new economy for many Cubans without negatively impacting the environment or society. The plan jumpstarts US investment in Cuban organoponics – causing a widespread global urban agricultural revolution Shkolnick, 12 – (J.D. Candidate, Drake University Law School (Jacob, “SIN EMBARGO: n1 THE CUBAN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR THE UNITED STATES” 17 Drake J. Agric. L. 683, Fall, lexis)
VI. New Opportunities¶ While investment in Cuban businesses and sales or purchases of AND may be just what is needed to allow for urban agriculture to flourish. Access to the US export market is key to the viability of the Cuban model Kost, 4 – (agricultural economist, Specialty Crops Branch, Economic Research. Service, US Department of Agriculture (William, “CUBAN AGRICULTURE: TO BE OR NOT TO BE ORGANIC?” http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume14/pdfs/kost.pdf)//HA In addition to the above European markets, the successful expansion and viability of Cuba’s AND domestic consumption in an environment where other production approaches are just not available.
1/2/14
La Costa Canyon Round 3
Tournament: La Costa Canyon | Round: 3 | Opponent: Nevada Union CH | Judge: Brian Saipramouk Trade Normalization 1AC Plan: The United States federal government should normalize its trade relations with Cuba. Advantage 1 is Multilateralism The liberal order is collapsing—US commitment is key Deudney and Ikenberry 12 Daniel, Associate Professor of Political Science @ Johns Hopkins University, and G. John, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs @ Princeton University, November, “Democratic Internationalism An American Grand Strategy for a Post-Exceptionalist Era,” p. 4-5, AG This triumphalist moment is over. Within the United States, the domestic foundations of AND In short, the fate of democracies rests largely in their own hands. The plan is key to establishing a credible commitment to multilateralism and successful conflict resolution—this spills over to conflict prevention Dickerson 10 – Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted in fulfillment of a Master of Strategic Studies Degree at the US Army War College (Sergio M, “UNITED STATES SECURITY STRATEGY TOWARDS CUBA,” 1/14/10, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a518053.pdf) At the international political level, President Obama sees resuming relations with Cuba as a AND decline in the greater global order bringing true peace for years to come. Trade normalization reverses anti-Americanism and revitalizes diplomacy Hill et al. 09, Brigadier General John Adams (Ret.), General James T. Hill (Ret.), Commanding General for US SOUTHCOM 2002-2004, Lieutenant General John G. Castellaw (Ret.), Rear Admiral John D. Hutson (Ret.), Lieutenant General Daniel W. Christman (Ret.), Superintendent of the United States Military Academy 1996-2001, Lieutenant General Claudia J. Kennedy (Ret.), Major General Paul D. Eaton (Ret.), General Barry R. McCaffrey (Ret.), Commanding General for US SOUTHCOM 1994-1996, Lieutenant General Robert G. Gard (Ret.), Col. Lawrence B. Wilkerson (Ret.), assistant to Colin Powell during tenure as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Secretary of State, Rear Admiral Donald J. Guter (Ret.), General Johnnie E. Wilson (Ret.), Letter from US military officials to President Obama regarding Cuba policy, prepared by the New America Foundation / US – Cuba Policy Initiative, 4/13/09, http://democracyinamericas.org/pdfs/National_Security.pdf The current policy of isolating Cuba has failed, patently, to achieve our ends AND register deeply in the minds of our partners and competitors around the world. That solves for instability – the alternative is proliferation. Monteiro 11 (Nuno, Professor of Political Science at Yale University Monteiro is a research fellow at Yale’s Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies and a member of the Scientific Council of the Portuguese International Relations Institute (IPRI), Unrest Assured: Why Unipolarity Is Not Peaceful, http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ISEC_a_00064) A unipole carrying out an offensive-dominance strategy wants to revise the status quo AND development and, if necessary, resort to the use of force. 100 Global competitors is inevitable—bolstering relations is key to maintaining peaceful relations with rising powers and preventing great-power conflict. Fujimoto 2012 (Kevin, Lt. Colonel, U.S. Army, January 11, 2012, “Preserving U.S. National Security Interests Through a Liberal World Construct,” http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/index.cfm/articles/Preserving-US-National-Security-Interests-Liberal-World-Construct/2012/1/11) The emergence of peer competitors, not terrorism, presents the greatest long-term AND protect its interests later when we are no longer the world's only superpower.
Brink now – Russia and China are counter balancing – only multi lat solves Posen 13 Barry Posen - Ford International Professor of Political Science at MIT and the director of MIT's Security Studies Program. An expert in the field of security studies, he currently serves on the editorial boards of the journals International Security and Security Studies and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and served as a study group member for the Hart-Rudman Commission; ‘Pull Back: The Case for a Less Activist Foreign Policy’; http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138466/barry-r-posen/pull-back
American activism has also generated harder forms of balancing. China has worked assiduously to AND energy resources to export, and it still produces some impressive weapons systems.
Counterbalancing causes global nuclear escalation—multilateralism is key Roberts 7 (Paul Craig, Senior Research Fellow @ the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, William E. Simon Chairin Political Economy, Center for Strategic and International Studies “US Hegemony Spawns Russian-Chinese Military Alliance,”http:www.lewrockwell.com/roberts/roberts218.html) This week the Russian and Chinese militaries are conducting a joint military exercise involving large AND regime is the most irresponsibly aggressive regime the world has seen since Hitler’s. Advantage 2 is Agriculture Global industrial agriculture is unsustainable – multiple warrants Peters 10 – LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf) The U.S. agricultural system is becoming increasingly more concentrated, specialized, AND to rapidly changing climate conditions and will help to ensure food security.46 Scenario 1 is Dead Zones Dead zones cause ocean degradation Tatchell 8 – human rights activist, internally quotes ecologists (Peter, 8/13, The oxygen crisis, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/13/carbonemissions.climatechange, AG) Compared to prehistoric times, the level of oxygen in the earth's atmosphere has declined AND reproductive capacity of sea life, which could further diminish global fish supplies. Extinction Craig 2k3, Robin Kundis , Associate Professor of Law, Indiana University School of Law, 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155, (From Wake HM) Biodiversity and ecosystem function arguments for conserving marine ecosystems also exist, just as they AND - even if a few fishers go out of business as a result. Scenario 2 is Warming Industrial agriculture is the root cause of warming – only a shift now solves Cummins 10 (Ronnie, founder and Director of the Organic Consumers Association (OCA), a non-profit, U.S. based network of 850,000 consumers, dedicated to safeguarding organic standards and promoting a healthy, just, and sustainable system of agriculture and commerce. The OCA’s primary strategy is to work on national and global campaigns promoting health, justice, and sustainability that integrate public education, marketplace pressure, media work, litigation, and grassroots lobbying. Cummins is also editor of OCA’s website www.organicconsumers.org (30,000 visitors a day) and newsletters, Organic Bytes (270,000 subscribers), and Organic View, he has served as director of US and international efforts such as the Pure Food Campaign, and the Global Days of Action Against GMOs. From 1992-98 Cummins served as a campaign director for the Foundation on Economic Trends in Washington, D.C, October 10th, 2010, “Industrial Agriculture and Human Survival: The Road Beyond 10/10/10”, http://www.commondreams.org/view/2010/10/07-9)//moxley Industrial Food and Farming: A Deadly Root of Global Warming Although transportation, industry AND make the transition to an organic and green economy or we will perish. Warming is existential risk Deibel 7 (Terry L., professor of IR at National War College, “Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today Anthropogenic – caused by CO2,” Foreign Affairs Strategy, 2007) Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as AND States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet. Cuba’s model of urban agriculture is a sustainable alternative Peters 10 – LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf) While urban agriculture was a response to a dramatic crisis in Cuba’s history, through AND a new economy for many Cubans without negatively impacting the environment or society. The plan jumpstarts US investment in Cuban organoponics – causing a widespread global urban agricultural revolution Shkolnick, 12 – (J.D. Candidate, Drake University Law School (Jacob, “SIN EMBARGO: n1 THE CUBAN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR THE UNITED STATES” 17 Drake J. Agric. L. 683, Fall, lexis)
VI. New Opportunities¶ While investment in Cuban businesses and sales or purchases of AND may be just what is needed to allow for urban agriculture to flourish. Access to the US export market is key to the viability of the Cuban model Kost, 4 – (agricultural economist, Specialty Crops Branch, Economic Research. Service, US Department of Agriculture (William, “CUBAN AGRICULTURE: TO BE OR NOT TO BE ORGANIC?” http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume14/pdfs/kost.pdf)//HA In addition to the above European markets, the successful expansion and viability of Cuba’s AND domestic consumption in an environment where other production approaches are just not available.