Opponent: Law Magnet HC | Judge: Kaine Cherry an Nikhil Jain
1AC Imperialism Counterfactual 1NC Global Destruction K Referendum CP Labor Exploitation DA T - Should 2NC Referendum CP 1NR Global Destruction K 2NR Referendum CP
Westminster
2
Opponent: All | Judge: All
These are the arguments that Woodward novices have read on the negative There may be small variations for speed of debater
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Cites
Entry
Date
1NC Latin America Critique
Tournament: St Marks Novice Round-up | Round: 1 | Opponent: Everyone | Judge: NA THE FIRST/NEXT OFF-CASE POSITION IS THE “LATIN AMERICA” CRITIQUE Vote negative to reject the affirmative’s deployment of the term and concept of “Latin America.” First, there is no such thing as “Latin America.” Usage of the term and concept by scholars is insulting and results in misrecognition. Júnior 10 — João Feres Júnior, Professor of Political Science at the Institute of Social and Political Studies of the State University of Rio de Janeiro, Coordinator of the Group of Multidisciplinary Studies on Affirmative Action, holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from the City University of New York, 2010 (“Introduction,” The Concept of Latin America in the United States: Misrecognition and Social Scientific Discourse, Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.—originally published in Portuguese in Brazil in 2004 where it was awarded a prize for Best Political Science Manuscript by Brazil’s National Association of Social Sciences Graduate Programs, ISBN 9781607418689, p. 7-8) This work bears…insult in itself. Second, “Latin America” as a term and concept is fundamentally racist. Júnior 10 — João Feres Júnior, Professor of Political Science at the Institute of Social and Political Studies of the State University of Rio de Janeiro, Coordinator of the Group of Multidisciplinary Studies on Affirmative Action, holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from the City University of New York, 2010 (“Preface,” The Concept of Latin America in the United States: Misrecognition and Social Scientific Discourse, Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.—originally published in Portuguese in Brazil in 2004 where it was awarded a prize for Best Political Science Manuscript by Brazil’s National Association of Social Sciences Graduate Programs, ISBN 9781607418689, p. vii-ix) Terms used to…this asymmetrical operation. Third, reject racism in every instance — even if unintentional. Memmi 2k — Albert Memmi, Professor Emeritus of Sociology at the University of Paris, 1999 (Racism, Published by the University of Minnesota Press, ISBN 0816631654, p. 163-165) The struggle against…stakes are irresistible. Finally, language choices are a voting issue—this is an a priori issue. Chernus 6 — Ira Chernus, Professor of Religious Studies and Co-Director of the Peace and Conflict Studies Program at the University of Colorado-Boulder, 2006 (Monsters to Destroy: The Neoconservative War on Terror and Sin, Published by Paradigm Publishers, ISBN 1594512752, p. 7-8) But their ideals…must be studied.
5/2/14
1NC Multilateralism Critique
Tournament: St Marks Novice Round-up | Round: 1 | Opponent: Everyone | Judge: NA THE FIRST/NEXT OFF-CASE POSITION IS THE MULTILATERALISM CRITIQUE First, multilateralism enables American imperialism. The affirmative’s discourse reifies colonial violence by normalizing U.S. leadership. Muppidi 4 — Himadeep Muppidi, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Vassar College, holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Minnesota, 2004 (“Globalization in the United States,” The Politics of the Global, Published by the University of Minnesota Press, ISBN 9780816695393, p. 72-74) Appropriating The Other In a scathing…of the world. Second, this risks extinction. U.S. imperialism sanctions endless violence. Comissiong 13 — Solomon Comissiong, Professor of African American Studies at the University of Maryland-College Park, Education Consultant and Activist, holds a B.A. in Communications and M.S. in College Student Personnel from the University of Rhode Island, 2013 (“The United States of War: An Addiction to Imperialism,” Black Agenda Report, October 22nd, Available Online at http://www.blackagendareport.com/content/united-states-war-addiction-imperialism, Accessed 12-05-2013) A common description…United State must care. Finally, the alternative is de-Orientalization. Vote negative to reject the discourse of multilateralism intrinsic to the affirmative’s case for change. Falk 9 — Richard Falk, Albert G. Milbank Professor Emeritus of International Law at Princeton University, Visiting Distinguished Professor of Global and International Studies at the University of California-Santa Barbara, holds a Doctor of Juridical Science from Harvard Law School, 2009 (“Orientalism and International Law,” Achieving Human Rights, Published by Routledge, ISBN 0415990157, p. 52-53) The transition to…its sinister forms.
5/2/14
1NC Neoliberalism Critique
Tournament: St Marks Novice Round-up | Round: 1 | Opponent: Everyone | Judge: NA THE FIRST/NEXT OFF-CASE POSITION IS THE NEOLIBERALISM CRITIQUE First, the affirmative is confined to the dominant discourse of transnational capital — this produces unethical policy decisions based on an unsustainable system — we control uniqueness Makwana 06 — Rajesh Makwana, the executive director of Share The World's Resources, 2006 (“Neoliberalism and Economic Globalization,” STWR, November 23rd, Available Online at http://www.stwr.org/globalization/neoliberalism-and-economic-globalization.html, Accessed on February 18, 2014) The goal of…both likely causes.
Second, this normalizes the destruction of the environment and the exploitation of the lower class based on the short term logic of growth — the impact is extinction Werlhof 08 — Claudia von Werlhof, Professor at the Institute of Political Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Austria, 2008 ("The Consequences of Globalization and Neoliberal Policies. What are the Alternatives?" Centre for Research on Globalization, February 1st, Available Online at www.globalresearch.ca/the-consequences-of-globalization-and-neoliberal-policies-what-are-the-alternatives/7973, Accessed on February 18, 2014) Social, cultural, traditional…persecuted as such (Chossudovsky 2005). Our alternative is to cross the fictitious boundaries of exclusion and marginalization to contribute to the configuration of new ways of being and remove ontological falsities — this is key to promote education of the inter-cultural, the inter-epistemic and the de-colonial that is necessary to deconstruct the ruse of neoliberalism Walsh 12 Catherine Walsh is a professor of Latin American Culture at the Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar “The Politics of Naming” Cultural Studies 26:1 p. 117-122, 1/6/2012, accessible to subscribing institutions at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09502386.2012.642598#.UwKz1vldXUg, accessed on 2/17/14) Cultural Studies, in…not close, paths.
5/2/14
1NCMental Deputy Politics
Tournament: St Marks Novice Round-up | Round: 1 | Opponent: Everyone | Judge: NA THE FIRST/NEXT OFF-CASE POSITION IS MENTAL DEPUTY POLITICS The affirmative begins with the wrong starting point—highlighting the need for change at the level of government obscures our individual responsibility for violence. Kappeler 95 — Susanne Kappeler, Lecturer in English at the University of East Anglia (UK) and freelance writer, 1995 (“Violence and the will to violence,” The Will To Violence: The Politics of Personal Behaviour, Published by Polity Press (Cambridge, UK), ISBN 0745613047, p. 10) ‘We are the war’…always made elsewhere This makes the affirmative nothing more than mental deputy politics. Vote negative to acknowledge our individual agency and refuse to displace responsibility onto the government. Kappeler 95 — Susanne Kappeler, Lecturer in English at the University of East Anglia (UK) and freelance writer, 1995 (“Violence and the will to violence,” The Will To Violence: The Politics of Personal Behaviour, Published by Polity Press (Cambridge, UK), ISBN 0745613047, p. 10-11) Yet our insight...war and violence.
5/2/14
1NCMonsters To Destroy Critique
Tournament: St Marks Novice Round-up | Round: 1 | Opponent: Everyone | Judge: NA First, the affirmative's depiction of an imminent terrorist threat transforms the real people who commit terrorist acts into a group of shadowy monsters who are always just around the corner plotting their next attack. This framing of the terrorist threat sidesteps the question of why they hate us and normalizes a state of permanent national insecurity. Chernus 6 — Ira Chernus, Professor of Religious Studies and Co-Director of the Peace and Conflict Studies Program at the University of Colorado-Boulder, 2006 (Monsters to Destroy: The Neoconservative War on Terror and Sin, Published by Paradigm Publishers, ISBN 1594512752, p. 1-2) Monsters are not…attack and counterattack. Second, their impact claims are self-fulfilling — constant repetition of terrorism scenarios creates a vicious cycle of fear and violence. Lifton 3 — Robert Jay Lifton, Visiting Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, previously Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology at the Graduate School and Director of The Center on Violence and Human Survival at John Jay College of Criminal Justice at the City University of New York, 2003 (Superpower Syndrome: America’s Apocalyptic Confrontation With The World, Published by Thunder’s Mouth Press / Nation Books, ISBN 1560255129, p. 115-116) The amorphousness of…the Islamist apocalyptic. Third, this turns the case — the affirmative’s framing of the terrorist threat entrenches a cycle of insecurity that makes attacks more likely. Chernus 6 — Ira Chernus, Professor of Religious Studies and Co-Director of the Peace and Conflict Studies Program at the University of Colorado-Boulder, 2006 (Monsters to Destroy: The Neoconservative War on Terror and Sin, Published by Paradigm Publishers, ISBN 1594512752, p. 4-5) The structure is…another grievous attack. The alternative is to problematize the affirmative’s impact claims and stop believing in monsters. The affirmative’s policy prescription is inescapably bound up in the stories they tell to justify action. The role of the ballot is to choose between two competing visions of the world. Chernus 6 — Ira Chernus, Professor of Religious Studies and Co-Director of the Peace and Conflict Studies Program at the University of Colorado-Boulder, 2006 (Monsters to Destroy: The Neoconservative War on Terror and Sin, Published by Paradigm Publishers, ISBN 1594512752, p. 11-13) The twin towers…between the two.
5/2/14
1NCThe Cult of Reputation Critique
Tournament: St Marks Novice Round-up | Round: 1 | Opponent: Everyone | Judge: NA THE FIRST/NEXT OFF-CASE POSITION IS THE CULT OF REPUTATION CRITIQUE First, the affirmative is caught up in the cult of reputation—the assumption that the U.S.’s credibility is its own possession and that it spills over across issues and to other countries is demonstrably false. Tang 5 — Shiping Tang, Associate Research Fellow and Deputy Director of the Center for Regional Security Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing, Co-director of the Sino-American Security Dialogue, 2005 (“Reputation, Cult of Reputation, and International Conflict,” Security Studies, Volume 14, Number 1, January-March, p. 41-45) Two implicitly related...the logic of their belief Second, the U.S. can’t control the perceptions of others—the underlying assumptions of the cult of reputation are logically and empirically bankrupt. Fettweis 8 — Christopher J. Fettweis, Assistant Professor of National Security Affairs in the National Security Decision Making Department at the U.S. Naval War College, holds a Ph.D. in International Relations and Comparative Politics from the University of Maryland-College Park, 2007-2008 (“Credibility and the War on Terror,” Political Science Quarterly, Volume 122, Number 4, Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via IngentaConnect, p. 633) Both logic and…depth of its flaws Third, this turns the case—the belief in credibility empirically causes war. Tang 5 — Shiping Tang, Associate Research Fellow and Deputy Director of the Center for Regional Security Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing, Co-director of the Sino-American Security Dialogue, 2005 (“Reputation, Cult of Reputation, and International Conflict,” Security Studies, Volume 14, Number 1, January-March, p. 46) Decisionmakers’ persistent concern …which friend would trust us then?” (Type I-a).43 The alternative is to stop believing in credibility. Basing decisions on perceptions of credibility makes serial policy failure inevitable—decades of scholarship are on our side. Fettweis 9 — Christopher J. Fettweis, Assistant Professor of National Security Affairs in the National Security Decision Making Department at the U.S. Naval War College, holds a Ph.D. in International Relations and Comparative Politics from the University of Maryland-College Park, 2009 ("Madmen in Authority: Threats, Pathology and Grand Strategy," Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Society of Political Psychology, June, Available Online at http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p314364_index.html , p. 4-6) Many academic fields…system as a whole.
5/2/14
1NCThe Genocidaires Discourse Critique
Tournament: St Marks Novice Round-up | Round: 1 | Opponent: Everyone | Judge: NA THE NEXT OFF CASE POSITION IS THE GENOCIDE CRITIQUE The affirmative’s depictions of “genocide” reveal the violence inherent in modernity’s quest to define and categorize cultural groups. Unfortunately, their discussion of “genocide” leaves un-interrogated the role of their own project in creating and maintaining the very same violent naming that the genocidaires have used to accomplish their horrific ends. This performative contradiction is at the heart of modernity’s relationship with genocide. Hamblet 3 — Wendy C. Hamblet, Professor of Philosophy at Adelphia University, 2003 ("The crisis of meanings: could the cure be the cause of genocide?," Journal of Genocide Research, Volume 5, Issue 2, June, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Ingenta, p. 237-238) While establishing clear …by the genocidaires. By conceiving of “genocide” in this way, the affirmative is complicit in the same violent system that makes genocidal violence possible. Absent the tools of identification and categorization that the affirmative embraces, all of the worst forms of ethnic violence would not be possible – this outweighs the case. Hamblet 3 — Wendy C. Hamblet, Professor of Philosophy at Adelphia University, 2003 ("The crisis of meanings: could the cure be the cause of genocide?," Journal of Genocide Research, Volume 5, Issue 2, June, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Ingenta, p. 239-240) In the reality…accomplishment of genocide. The alternative is to reject the affirmatives usage of the term “genocide” and its anthropological baggage that justifies violence and ethically illegitimate hierarches which ends up causing the “genocide” that they critique. Rather than a denial of the reality of violence or an escape from our obligations to resist injustice, our alternative consists of an activist stance that refuses to take up the genocidaire’s tools. This refusal to accept cultural categories and fixed identities opens space for an audacious hope for the end of mass murder in all its forms. Hamblet 3 — Wendy C. Hamblet, Professor of Philosophy at Adelphia University, 2003 ("The crisis of meanings: could the cure be the cause of genocide?," Journal of Genocide Research, Volume 5, Issue 2, June, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Ingenta, p. 247-248) So what do benignly…of human groups.
5/2/14
Alan Gross CP
Tournament: Carrolton | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA The United States federal government should offer to plan if and only if the Republic of Cuba releases Alan Gross. The counterplan solves the case and is net-beneficial— First, the U.S. should trade increased economic engagement for Gross’s release — a quid pro quo is key to boost relations. Smith 12 — Wayne Smith, Director of the Cuba Program and Senior Fellow at the Center for International Policy, served as unofficial ambassador to Cuba under President Jimmy Carter, 2012 (“What Roles for Foreign Direct Investment in the New Cuban Economy?,” Transcript of a Brookings Institution Panel Discussion, December 10th, Available Online at http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/events/2012/12/1020cuba/20121210_cuban_economy.pdf, Accessed 09-02-2013, p. 30-31) MR. PICCONE: Let’s take one more. Wayne, up front here, please ... between the two, if would seem to me.
Second, Cuba wants to use Gross as leverage to negotiate with Washington on other bilateral issues — they’ll “say yes” to the counterplan. Sweig 13 — Julia E. Sweig, Nelson and David Rockefeller Senior Fellow for Latin America Studies and Director for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, holds an M.A. and Ph.D. from the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, interviewed by Robert McMahon, Editor of CFR.org, 2013 (“Talking to Cuba,” Council On Foreign Relations, January 25th, Available Online at http://www.cfr.org/cuba/talking-cuba/p29879?cid=rss-latinamericaandthecaribbea-talking_to_cuba-012513, Accessed 09-02-2013) Washington continues to point to what it says is the biggest impediment, which is the case of Alan Gross ... That is sort of a deep strategic driver on this Gross case.
Third, Gross’s continued detention is a violation of international law and human decency. Better relations with Cuba are impossible until he is released. Washington Post 10 — Washington Post, 2010 (“Cuba's Jewish hostage,” Op-Ed, December 6th, Available Online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/12/06/AR2010120606357.html, Accessed 09-02-2013) Raul Castro’s attempt to win foreign favor and investment for Cuba's moribund economy ... are no substitute for reversing this wrong.
12/4/13
Apocalyptic Thinking Kritik
Tournament: Carrolton | Round: 2 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA First, the affirmative’s dramatization of impacts as existential risks replaces risk assessment with worst-case thinking. Furedi 10 — Frank Furedi, Professor of Sociology at the University of Kent at Canterbury, holds a Ph.D. from the School of Oriental and African Studies at London University, 2010 ("Fear is key to irresponsibility," The Australian, October 9th, Available Online at http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/opinion/fear-is-key-to-irresponsibility/story-e6frg6zo-1225935797740, Accessed 10-18-2010) In the 21st century the optimistic belief in humanity’s potential for subduing the unknown and to become master of its fate has given way to the belief that we are too powerless to deal with the perils confronting us. We live in an era where problems associated with uncertainty and risk are amplified and, through our imagination, mutate swiftly into existential threats. Consequently, it is rare that unexpected natural events are treated as just that. Rather, they are swiftly dramatised and transformed into a threat to human survival. The clearest expression of this tendency is the dramatisation of weather forecasting. Once upon a time the television weather forecasts were those boring moments when you got up to get a snack. But with the invention of concepts such as "extreme weather", routine events such as storms, smog or unexpected snowfalls have acquired compelling entertainment qualities. This is a world where a relatively ordinary, technical, information-technology problem such as the so-called millennium bug was interpreted as a threat of apocalyptic proportions, and where a flu epidemic takes on the dramatic weight of the plot of a Hollywood disaster movie. Recently, when the World Health Organisation warned that the human species was threatened by the swine flu, it became evident that it was cultural prejudice rather than sober risk assessment that influenced much of present-day official thinking. In recent times European culture has become confused about the meaning of uncertainty and risk. Contemporary Western cultural attitudes towards uncertainty, chance and risk are far more pessimistic and confused than they were through most of the modern era. Only rarely is uncertainty perceived as an opportunity to take responsibility for our destiny. Invariably uncertainty is represented as a marker for danger and change is often regarded with dread. Frequently, worst-case thinking displaces any genuine risk-assessment process. Risk assessment is based on an attempt to calculate the probability of different outcomes. Worst-case thinking—these days known as precautionary thinking—is based on an act of imagination. It imagines the worst-case scenario and demands that we take action on that basis.
Second, this causes serial policy failure — acting based on worst-case possibilities ruins decision-making. Evans 12 — Dylan Evans, Lecturer in Behavioral Science at University College Cork School of Medicine, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the London School of Economics, 2012 ("Nightmare Scenario: The Fallacy of Worst-Case Thinking," Risk Management, April 2nd, Available Online at http://www.rmmagazine.com/2012/04/02/nightmare-scenario-the-fallacy-of-worst-case-thinking/, Accessed 10-10-2013) There’s something mesmerizing about apocalyptic scenarios. Like an alluring femme fatale, they exert an uncanny pull on the imagination. That is why what security expert Bruce Schneier calls "worst-case thinking" is so dangerous. It substitutes imagination for thinking, speculation for risk analysis and fear for reason. One of the clearest examples of worst-case thinking was the so-called "1 doctrine," which Dick Cheney is said to have advocated while he was vice president in the George W. Bush administration. According to journalist Ron Suskind, Cheney first proposed the doctrine at a meeting with CIA Director George Tenet and National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice in November 2001. Responding to the thought that Al Qaeda might want to acquire a nuclear weapon, Cheney apparently remarked: "If there’s a 1 chance that Pakistani scientists are helping Al Qaeda build or develop a nuclear weapon, we have to treat it as a certainty in terms of our response. It’s not about our analysis…It’s about our response." By transforming low-probability events into complete certainties whenever the events are particularly scary AND the extreme but improbable risks and does a poor job at assessing outcomes."
Third, this is the most important impact — training students to make good decisions is debate’s fundamental purpose. Strait and Wallace 8 — L. Paul Strait, Ph.D. Candidate in Communication at the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Southern California, and Brett Wallace, M.A. Candidate in Security Policy Studies at George Washington University, 2008 ("Academic Debate as a Decision-Making Game: Inculcating The Virtue of Practical Wisdom," Contemporary Argumentation and Debate, Volume 29, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via EBSCOhost Communication 26 Mass Media Complete, p. 3-6) Practical Wisdom Since the inception of modern academic debate, much of the praise it has received AND the highest government officials to the most inconsequential members of society, uses. Aristotle (c. 330BCE/1941a) argues that this decision-making process combines desire and reasoning in the act of deliberation focused on some end. The ability to make good decisions (and to follow through with them) is associated with the virtue of practical wisdom: end page 3 Practical wisdom... is concerned with things human and things about which it is possible AND , and practice is concerned with particulars. (231141b 6-16). This underlies our contention that practical wisdom is the final cause of debate. Practical wisdom is broad, provides coherence and unity in a non-arbitrary way, and is value-neutral with respect to the growing divide between the policy-focused and the critically-inclined. Non-practical ends are not helpful – as Aristotle (c. 330BCE/1941a) argues: The origin of action—its efficient, not its final cause—is choice, and that of choice is desire and reasoning with a view to an end... Intellect itself, however, moves nothing, but only the intellect which aims at an end and is practical; for this rules the productive intellect as well, since everyone who makes makes for an end, and that which is made is not an end in the unqualified sense. (231139a32 – 37). Practical ends that are not unqualified—e.g., Mitchell’s (1995) AND highest quality of skills, while at the same time preserving competitive equity. The ability to make decisions deriving from deliberation, argumentation or debate, is that AND is considered the appropriate decision-maker(s) must be identified: The appropriate decision makers are those necessary to the ultimate implementation of the decision. You may win adherence of fellow students to the proposition that the midterm exam should count less than the final paper in grading your class, but if the professor says no, little is gained... It is important end page 5 for... arguers to recognize who the appropriate decision makers are. (Rieke 26 Sillars, 1993, p. 2). Since policy debate aims at determining whether a particular course of action is expedient all arguments which misapprehend the appropriate decision maker(s) are red herrings and interfere with true rational deliberation. Academics from outside the contest debate community make this argument in different ways in discussing AND success, and preparation for college and employment" (p. 49).
Finally, hyperbolic extinction impacts should be rejected. The alternative is to vote against the affirmative because their 1AC has made effective decision-making impossible. Gross and Gilles 12 — Mathew Barrett Gross, New Media Strategist who served as the Director of Internet Communications for Howard Dean’s 2004 presidential campaign, and Mel Gilles, Director of Sol Kula Yoga and Healing, 2012 ("How Apocalyptic Thinking Prevents Us from Taking Political Action," The Atlantic, April 23rd, Available Online at http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/04/how-apocalyptic-thinking-prevents-us-from-taking-political-action/255758/, Accessed 10-10-2013) Flip through the cable channels for long enough, and you’ll inevitably find the apocalypse AND Nile virus, are the looming specter of apocalypse darkening our nation’s horizon. How to make sense of it all? After all, not every scenario can AND rapid reversal of the world’s magnetic poles might seem terrifyingly likely and imminent. The last time apocalyptic anxiety spilled into the mainstream to the extent that it altered the course of history — during the Reformation — it relied on a revolutionary new communications technology: the printing press. In a similar way, could the current surge in apocalyptic anxiety be attributed in part to our own revolution in communications technology? The media, of course, have long mastered the formula of packaging remote possibilities AND . "They don’t teach that in Sunday school, but it’s true." Nothing inspires fear like the end of the world, and ever since Y2K, AND an Arab terrorist poisoning that drinking supply, resulting in millions of casualties? Yet not all of the crises or potential threats before us are equal, nor are they equally probable – a fact that gets glossed over when the media equate the remote threat of a possible event, like epidemics, with real trends like global warming. Over the last decade, the 24-hour news cycle and the proliferation of AND flu, or swine flu also never lived up to their media hype. This over-reliance on the apocalyptic narrative causes us to fear the wrong things AND the likely impact of the worst-case model of any given threat?
12/4/13
Caro Quintero CP
Tournament: Carrolton | Round: 2 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA The United States federal government should pass House Resolution 1613 if and only if Mexico agrees to apprehend Rafael Caro Quintero and extradite him to the United States to face charges. The counterplan solves the case and is net-beneficial— First, Rafael Caro Quintero was in prison for killing a DEA Agent but Mexico released him early without telling the United States. Justice demands that the plan be conditioned on Caro Quintero’s apprehension and extradition. Bensinger 8/29 — Peter Bensinger, served as administrator of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration from 1976 to 1981, 2013 ("Perspective: A travesty of justice," Chicago Tribune, August 29th, Available Online at http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-08-29/opinion/ct-oped-0830-dea-20130830_1_drug-cartel-u-s-consulate-rafael-caro-quintero-http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-08-29/opinion/ct-oped-0830-dea-20130830_1_drug-cartel-u-s-consulate-rafael-caro-quintero, Accessed 09-03-2013) Enrique "Kiki" Camarena, a special agent with the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, left the U.S. Consulate in Guadalajara, Mexico, the afternoon of Feb. 7, 1985, to have lunch with his wife. He was kidnapped by several police officers working under the direction of Rafael Caro Quintero, head of the Guadalajara drug cartel. Camarena had caused problems for Caro Quintero by locating secret marijuana fields and millions of dollars of drug money that was frozen in U.S. banks. Camarena was taken to a private residence in Guadalajara, tortured for two days and killed by a blow to his skull with a tire iron. DEA agents asked Mexican police to investigate, but many of them were directly involved with Camarena’s kidnapping. The U.S. brought pressure, ordering that every vehicle crossing the border between the U.S. and Mexico be inspected. The Mexican police finally responded four weeks after Camarena’s disappearance, by identifying a ranch 60 miles outside of Guadalajara where the bodies of Camarena and Alfredo Zavala, a Mexican pilot who worked closely with Camarena, were found. Caro Quintero had taken off in his jet to Costa Rica two days after Camarena’s abduction. The DEA found him by tracing telephone calls from a home he had in Costa Rica. With the cooperation of Costa Rican authorities, Caro Quintero was taken back to Mexico. He was convicted and sentenced to 40 years in prison. On Aug. 9, a three-judge panel in Mexico ordered his release AND continuing criminal enterprise. Both charges carry a maximum sentence of life imprisonment. Caro Quintero’s early release from prison is a travesty of justice. It represents a AND the world did Mexico release one of its most notorious drug cartel bosses? Mexico has a new president, Enrique Pena Nieto. His government needs to send AND leader and the killer of a U.S. drug enforcement agent. The United States must make clear its outrage at the release of Caro Quintero. And Mexico must bring him to justice.
Second, insisting on extradition as a condition for engagement is vital to preserve U.S.-Mexico relations and maintain law and order. The signal of the counterplan is key. DMN 8/12 — Dallas Morning News, 2013 ("Mexican cartel leader’s release an outrage," August 12th, Available Online at http://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/20130812-editorial-mexican-cartel-leaders-release-an-outrage.ece-http://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/20130812-editorial-mexican-cartel-leaders-release-an-outrage.ece, Accessed 09-03-2013) A Mexican judge’s decision to release drug cartel leader Rafael Caro Quintero makes our blood boil. Caro Quintero played a key role in the 1985 kidnapping, sustained torture and death of a U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration agent, Enrique "Kiki" Camarena. Few cases did more to sour U.S.-Mexico relations than this one. And if President Enrique Peña Nieto fails to act swiftly to block Caro Quintero from escaping justice, bilateral relations could once again turn frosty. Since the United States has long requested Caro Quintero’s extradition, Peña Nieto should honor it. Washington should insist on it. Caro Quintero remains at the top of the DEA’s list of international fugitives. He partnered with two other drug lords, Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo and Miguel Angel Felix Gallardo, in a cartel based in the western state of Jalisco but whose business spanned multiple Mexican states, Colombia and the U.S.-Mexico border. They paid massive bribes to Mexican officials to expand their empire and evade prosecution. All of this occurred when the Institutional Revolutionary Party, or PRI, was firmly ensconced as the ruling party, a position it held for seven decades, until 2000. Last year, Mexicans returned the PRI to the presidency after Peña Nieto pledged there would be no return to the party’s old, corrupt ways. His handling of Caro Quintero’s case serves as a test of the PRI’s new commitment to law and order. Caro Quintero’s operations, including Camarena’s murder, fell under the aegis of an international AND Fonseca Carrillo. Felix Gallardo’s attorney has yet not stated plans to appeal. Not only did the three cartel leaders order Camarena’s execution, according to U.S. trial documents, they employed a doctor whose job was to administer drugs to keep Camarena alive and conscious so they could drag out his torture sessions. The abduction, trial and ultimate acquittal of the doctor in the United States added to the international rancor over this case. Since then, free trade and other cooperative ventures have helped thaw bilateral relations, though coordination on counternarcotics operations continues to be fraught with mistrust. Neither country can afford to let relations devolve to that old, abysmal era. Mexico should not expect Washington simply to forget what happened. Caro Quintero’s extradition would send a strong message about the priority Peña Nieto places on close U.S. relations — and on serving notice to other cartel leaders that they will not escape justice for their crimes.
12/4/13
China Disadvantage 1NC
Tournament: Westminster | Round: 2 | Opponent: All | Judge: All
1NC — China Disadvantage
A. Uniqueness — Chinese investment in Latin America is strong and increasing.
B. Link — Influence is zero sum — Latin America allows Chinese investment because of lack of US economic engagement.
Erikson and Chen 7 — Daniel P. Erikson, Senior Associate for U.S. policy at the Inter-American Dialogue and coeditor of Transforming Socialist Economies: Lessons for Cuba and Beyond, and Janice Chen, joint-degree candidate at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and Georgetown University Law Center, former intern at Inter-American Dialogue (“China, Taiwan, and the Battle for Latin America,” The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs Journal, Tufts University, Summer, 2007, 31 Fletcher F. World Aff. 69, Available Online from Lexis Nexis Law Journals) Meanwhile, Chinaand#39;s galloping entrance … menace to their nascent manufacturing sectors.
C. Impact — Chinese investment in Latin America key to economic growth and regime stability.
Ellis 11 — R. Evan Ellis, professor of national security studies, modeling, gaming, and simulation with the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies at the National Defense University, with a research focus on Latin America’s relationships with external actors, including China, Russia, and Iran, Ph.D. in Political Science (“Chinese Soft Power in Latin America: A Case Study, Joint Force Quarterly, A Publication of the National Defense University Press, Issue 60, 1st Quarter 2011, Available Online: http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/images/jfq-60/JFQ60_85-91_Ellis.pdf, Accessed: 05/22/2013) Access to Latin American Markets. … in which the PRC would have been disadvantaged.
Chinese economic decline risks internal collapse and war over Taiwan.
Lewis 8 — Dan Lewis, Research Director of the Economic Research Council, 2008 (“Industry will put innovation on fast track,” World Finance, May 13th, Available Online at http://www.worldfinance.com/home/final-bell/the-nightmare-of-a-chinese-economic-collapse, Accessed 11/26/2012) A reduction in demand for imported … whom America is pledged to defend.
9/12/13
Diplomatic Capital Disadvantage 1NC
Tournament: Westminster | Round: 2 | Opponent: All | Judge: All
1NC — Diplomatic Capital Disadvantage
United States diplomatic focus has shifted to the Middle East — now key to determine future priorities.
Borger 13 — Julian Borger, the Guardianand#39;s diplomatic editor, former correspondent in the US, the Middle East, eastern Europe and the Balkans (“John Kerry looks to old allies as US foreign policy focus moves west,” The Guardian, February 25, 2013, Available Online: www.theguardian.com/world/2013/feb/25/john-kerry-foreign-policy-focus, Accessed: 08/07/2013) The arrival of John Kerry in London … to revisit familiar, if intractable, problems.
Insert Specific Link (Below)
US must conserve diplomatic capital — key to international support and US national security.
Schaefer 2K — Brett D. Schaefer, Fellow in International Regulatory Affairs at the Heritage Foundation, former assistant for international criminal court policy at the Pentagon, M.A. in international development from the School of International Service at American University (“Green Creep: The Increasing Influence of Environmentalism in U.S. Foreign Policy,” In The Greening of U.S. Foreign Policy, ed. Terry L. Anderson and Henry I. Miller, Stanford, CA: Hoover Press, p. 46. Available Online from Amazon Preview) Diplomacy is the first option in addressing … foreign economies (Holmes and Moore 1996, xi-xvii).
Focused US engagement in the Middle East key to prevent regional instability.
Kahl 13 — Colin Kahl, Associate Professor at Georgetown’s Walsh School of Foreign Service, Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for the Middle East (“Hard Choices for the New Middle East,” Defense One, July 15, 2013, Available Online: http://www.defenseone.com/politics/2013/07/hard-choices-new-middle-east/66626/, Accessed: 08/09/2013) The Obama administration may want to … the reforms essential for the region’s stability.
Middle East war is probable and devastating — strong U.S. involvement is needed to prevent nuclear escalation.
London 10 — Herbert I. London, President of the Hudson Institute—a non-profit think tank, Professor Emeritus and former John M. Olin Professor of Humanities at New York University, holds a Ph.D. from New York University, 2010 (“The Coming Crisis In The Middle East,” Gatestone Institute—a non-partisan, not-for-profit international policy council and think tank, June 28th, Available Online at http://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/1387/coming-crisis-in-the-middle-east, Accessed 08-10-2013) The coming storm in the Middle East …Maronite tend to believe in its veracity -- a truly bad sign.
1NC — Cuba Link
Ending the Cuban embargo saps Kerry’s diplomatic capital — it’s not a current priority.
Miroff 7/31 — Nick Miroff, Cuba reporter for GlobalPost, contributor to NPR, Washington Post, Mother Jones and the San Francisco Chronicle, MA in Journalism from Berkeley (“Can Kerry make friends with Cuba?,” GlobalPost, Available Online: http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/americas/cuba/121231/kerry-cuba-secretary-of-state-obama, Accessed: 07/31/2013) Now, with Sen. John Kerry (D-Mass.) …minimal and timid changes but nothing big.”
1NC — Mexico Link
Border infrastructure improvement requires substantial State Department investment of resources — the planning process is complex.
Lee and Wilson 12 — Erik Lee, Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, former assistant director at the Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies at the University of California-San Diego, holds an M.A. in Latin American Studies from the University of California-San Diego, and Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, previously served as a Mexico Analyst for the U.S. Military and as a researcher at American University’s Center for North American Studies, holds an M.A. in International Affairs from American University, 2012 (“The State of Trade, Competitiveness and Economic Wellbeing in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region,” Working Paper of the Border Research Partnership—comprised of Arizona State University’s North American Center for Transborder Studies, the Colegio de la Frontera Norte, and the Woodrow Wilson Center’s Mexico Institute, June, Available Online at http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/State_of_Border_Trade_Economy_0.pdf, Accessed 08-10-2013, p. 18-19) Coordination and Cooperation: Border … California’s award-winning master plan.
1NC — Venezuela Link
Engaging with Venezuela costs diplomatic capital — it’s an ongoing uphill battle.
Shifter 13 — Michael Shifter, Adjunct Professor of Latin American Studies at Georgetown Universityand#39;s School of Foreign Service (“The Empire Makes Nice: Is it time for a Venezuela reset?” Foreign Policy, March 11, 2013, Available Online: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/03/11/the_empire_makes_nice_venezuela_hugo_chavez, Accessed: 07/31/2013) Absent Chávez, Venezuela will continue …a simple reason -- because he could.
9/12/13
Global Destruction K
Tournament: St Marks Novice Round Up | Round: 1 | Opponent: Law Magnet HC | Judge: Kaine Cherry an Nikhil Jain They situation their opposition to U.S. imperialism as something that is “out there”. This necessarily trades off with efforts to resist oppression here at home—the affirmative should be held responsible for their decision to frame the aff in this way.
Vote negative to reject this political framing. This is a floating PIC. Rodriguez 8 — Dylan Rodriguez, Professor and Chair of the Department of Ethnic Studies at the University of California-Riverside, holds an M.A. and Ph.D. in Ethnic Studies from the University of California-Berkeley, 2008 (“Warfare and the Terms of Engagement,” Abolition Now!: Ten Years of Strategy and Struggle Against the Prison Industrial Complex, Edited by The CR10 Publications Collective, Published by AK Press, ISBN 1904859968, p. 93) We are collectively...geographies of "home"
This impact outweighs the case by entrenching institutionalized dehumanization—vote negative to make this domestic warfare our starting point for resistance. Rodriguez 8 — Dylan Rodriguez, Professor and Chair of the Department of Ethnic Studies at the University of California-Riverside, holds an M.A. and Ph.D. in Ethnic Studies from the University of California-Berkeley, 2008 (“Warfare and the Terms of Engagement,” Abolition Now!: Ten Years of Strategy and Struggle Against the Prison Industrial Complex, Edited by The CR10 Publications Collective, Published by AK Press, ISBN 1904859968, p. 94-97) The time of crisis...premises of these wars
5/9/14
Labor Exploitation DA
Tournament: St Marks Novice Round Up | Round: 1 | Opponent: Law Magnet HC | Judge: Kaine Cherry an Nikhil Jain First, the plan enables US investment in Cuba that exploits workers and cements totalitarian oppression. CSIC 14 — The Independent Trade Union Coalition of Cuba, 2014 (“CSIC Declaration on Freedom, Democracy and Social Justice,” February 26th, Available Online at http://www.cubasindical.org/docs/CSIC022614_e.html, Accessed 04-08-2014) Foreign Investment Law No. 77...happiness they deserve
Second, their advantages are built on the backs of oppressed Cuban workers. This is a decision rule: no “comparative advantage” justifies slave labor to achieve profits. Noriega 12 — Roger Noriega, Fellow and Program Coordinator for Latin America at the American Enterprise Institute, Former Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs, Former U.S. Ambassador to the Organization of American States, 2012 (“Foreign companies profit from Cuban labor abuses,” AEI-Ideas—an American Enterprise Institute blog, November 27th, Available Online at http://www.aei-ideas.org/2012/11/foreign-companies-profit-from-cuban-labor-abuses/, Accessed 04-08-2014) For the past half century...scandalous exploitation
5/9/14
Referendum CP
Tournament: St Marks Novice Round Up | Round: 1 | Opponent: Law Magnet HC | Judge: Kaine Cherry an Nikhil Jain As an acknowledgment of the immorality of our imperialism, the United States federal government should hold a binding national referendum over whether to recognize the legitimacy of Cuba's ownership of companies it nationalized from the United State and initiate trade with those Cuban companies. We’ll clarify.
Second, referendums are uniquely important for foreign policy decisions like the plan. The counterplan is vital to uphold individual liberty. Rourke et al. 92 — John T. Rourke, Professor of International Relations and U.S. and Comparative Politics at the University of Connecticut, et al., with Richard P. Hiskes and Cyrus Ernesto Zirakzadeh, 1992 (“Referendums and the Theory of Democracy,” Direct Democracy and International Politics: Deciding International Issues Through Referendums, Published by Lynne Rienner Publishers, p. 24-25)
Finally, protecting individual freedom is a decision-rule. Petro 74 — Sylvester Petro, Professor of Law at Wake Forest University, 1974 (“Civil Liberty, Syndicalism, and the NLRA,” Toledo Law Review (5 U. Tol. L. Rev. 447), Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via HeinOnline, p. 480)
5/9/14
Security Kritik
Tournament: Carrolton | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA Policy responses to specific crises is premised on the flawed epistemology of securitization — their solvency claims ignore structural and systemic causes of their impact— causes serial policy failure and turns the case. Ahmed 11 — Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed, M.A. in Contemporary War and Peace Studies and a PhD in International Relations from the School of Global Studies at Sussex University, Executive Director of the Institute for Policy Research and Development, Professor at the Department of International Relations, University of Sussex, UK, 2011 (“The international relations of crisis and the crisis of international relations: from the securitisation of scarcity to the militarisation of society,” Department of International Relations, University of Sussex, UK, Global Change, Peace and Security, Vol. 23, No. 3, October 2011, 335–355, p.1-2. PDF, Accessed on August 20, 2013) The twenty-first century heralds the unprecedented acceleration … processes of social polarization that can culminate in violent conflict.
Securitization normalizes political violence in the international system as a “rational strategy”— that inevitably triggers every major impact and causes extinction— we access root cause. Ahmed 11 — Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed, M.A. in Contemporary War and Peace Studies and a PhD in International Relations from the School of Global Studies at Sussex University, Executive Director of the Institute for Policy Research and Development, Professor at the Department of International Relations, University of Sussex, UK, 2011 (“The international relations of crisis and the crisis of international relations: from the securitisation of scarcity to the militarisation of society,” Department of International Relations, University of Sussex, UK, Global Change, Peace and Security, Vol. 23, No. 3, October 2011, 335–355, p.345. PDF, Accessed on August 20, 2013) Under traditional neorealist logic, a strategic response … if not planetary annihilation?61
The alternative is to reject to affirmative — that is key to challenge and deconstruct security as the dominant political approach to problem solving— the criticism is mutually exclusive with the aff. Charret 09 — Catherine Charret, a PhD candidate at Aberystwyth University, UK in the department of International Politics and she hold a Masters degree from the London School of Economics, 2008 (“A Critical Application of Securitization Theory: Overcoming the Normative Dilemma of Writing Security,” International Catalan Institute for Peace, Barcelona, December 2008, Available Online at http://www20.gencat.cat/docs/icip/Continguts/Publicacions/WorkingPapers/Arxius/WP7_ANG.pdf, Accessed on August 21, 2013) Critics of the CS have challenged its fixed conceptualization… replicate realist approaches of defending a sovereign order.
12/4/13
Shunning Disadvantage 1NC
Tournament: Westminster | Round: 2 | Opponent: All | Judge: All
1NC — Shunning DA
Insert Specific Link (Below)
Second, reject engagement with human rights abusers — moral duty to shun.
Beversluis 89 — Eric H. Beversluis, Professor of Philosophy and Economics at Aquinas College, holds an A.B. in Philosophy and German from Calvin College, an M.A. in Philosophy from Northwestern University, an M.A. in Economics from Ohio State University, and a Ph.D. in the Philosophy of Education from Northwestern University, 1989 (“On Shunning Undesirable Regimes: Ethics and Economic Sanctions,” Public Affairs Quarterly, Volume 3, Number 2, April, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via JSTOR, p. 17-19) A fundamental task of morality is resolving … willful, persistent, and flagrant immorality.
Finally, any compromise sanctions evil — reject every instance regardless of consequences.
Gordon and Gordon 95 — Haim Gordon, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Education at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, and Rivca Gordon, general director of the Foundation for Democratic Education in Israel and chairperson of the Gaza Team for Human Rights, 1995 (“Introduction,” Sartre and Evil: Guidelines for a Struggle, Published by Greenwood Press, ISBN 031327861X, p. xvi-xviii) Put differently, this book is also about us, … questions in Sartreand#39;s literature and drama.
1NC — Cuba Link
First, Cuba is a flagrant, willful, and persistent violator of human rights — repression is worsening.
First, Mexico is a flagrant, willful, and persistent violator of human rights — abuses are widespread.
Pachico 13 — Elyssa Pachico, Analyst at InSight Crime—a think tank about organized crime in the Americas, 2013 (“Amnesty International Critiques Human Rights Abuses of Mexico Drug War,” InSight Crime, May 23rd, Available Online at In its annual report, Amnesty International … and fighting organized crime more effectively.
1NC — Venezuela Link
First, Venezuela is a flagrant, willful, and persistent violator of human rights — abuses are rampant.
Halvorssen 12 — Thor Halvorssen, Venezuelan Human Rights Advocate, President of the Human Rights Foundation—an organization devoted to protecting liberty in the Americas, Columnist for the Huffington Post, holds graduate degrees in Political Science and History from the University of Pennsylvania, 2012 (“A Tyrannical Victory at the Human Rights Council?,” The Global Journal, November 13th, Available Online at http://theglobaljournal.net/article/view/895/, Accessed 07-22-2013) The Venezuelan government has continually …ignoring the international decisions of the Council.
9/12/13
T - Should
Tournament: St Marks Novice Round Up | Round: 1 | Opponent: Law Magnet HC | Judge: Kaine Cherry an Nikhil Jain A. “Should” means “supposed to” and implies a future obligation. BC 99 — Butte College Department of English Tip Sheet—a guide to grammar and usage, 1999 (“Tip Sheet: Would, Should, Could,” Available Online at https://butte.edu/departments/cas/tipsheets/grammar/would.html, Accessed 04-08-2014) Should...Is essential to any presidential victory.
B. Violation— the aff doesn’t meet our interpretation because the aff is in the past—the plan must be a future action.
C. Prefer Our Interpretation—any other interpretation of the word should is based off of outdated rules that have no ground in modern English.
D. Standards 1st – Limits—The affirmative confines us to policies that have already been passed. This only allows for a few cases and does not allow us to study relevant US policies. 2nd – Ground— Our interpretation allows DA’s to be unique. This allows the neg to make arguments based of timeframe.
D. Vote Negative: topicality is an a priori jurisdictional voting issue. “Good” isn’t good enough — a strict definition of the topic mechanism is a prerequisite for in-depth research and robust clash over core issues.
5/9/14
T-Appeasment
Tournament: Carrolton | Round: 2 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA “Engagement” requires long-term contacts across multiple issue-areas in order to normalize relations. Resnick 1 — Evan Resnick, Ph.D. Candidate in Political Science at Columbia University, holds an M.Phil. in Political Science and an M.A. in Political Science from Columbia University, 2001 (“Defining engagement,” Journal of International Affairs, Volume 54, Issue 2, Spring, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via ABI/INFORM Complete) A REFINED DEFINITION OF ENGAGEMENT … permits the elucidation of multiple types of positive sanctions.
The plan doesn’t meet this interpretation because it doesn’t establish and enhance contacts across multiple issue-areas. The plan is “appeasement,” not “engagement”. Resnick 1 — Evan Resnick, Ph.D. Candidate in Political Science at Columbia University, holds an M.Phil. in Political Science and an M.A. in Political Science from Columbia University, 2001 (“Defining engagement,” Journal of International Affairs, Volume 54, Issue 2, Spring, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via ABI/INFORM Complete) DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN ENGAGEMENT AND APPEASEMENT … for certain concessions on the part of the target state.
Prefer our interpretation and vote negative — meaningful limits require conceptually distinguishing between appeasement and engagement. Defining engagement to include appeasement overstretches neg preparation and fractures topic coherence — generic “engagement bad” strategies don’t link to small appeasement cases that don’t initiate contacts over multiple issue-areas. “Good” isn’t good enough — a strict definition of the topic mechanism is a prerequisite for in-depth research and robust clash over core issues.