1AC Cuba Travel Ban 1NC T - Economic Engagement T - Effects Neoliberalism K Lift the Embargo CP 2NC T 1NR CP 2NR T
2nd Year State
Semis
Opponent: Westminster DH | Judge: Paula Cheng, Meredith McKay, Ben Schultz
1AC Cuba Travel Ban 1NC Castaeda CP Anthro K T - Cultural Environment DA Iran Sanctions Politics DA 2NC T K 1NR CP 2NR CP
2nd Year State
Quarters
Opponent: Johns Creek BT | Judge: Shunta Jordan, Paula Cheng, Meredith McKay
1AC Cuba Travel Ban 1NC T - appeasement and effects Plan wo plan text CP Normativity "DA" Baudrillard and Heideggar on case 2NC T and DA 1NR Case 2NR T
2nd Year State
3
Opponent: Druid Hills HJ | Judge: P Shenoy
1AC Cuba Travel Ban 1NC Neoliberalism K Algae CP Environment DA T - QPQ 2NC CP T DA 1NR K 2NR CP K
Milton
1
Opponent: Johns Creek OW | Judge: Rob Ebeck
1AC Mexican Border Infrastructure (Manufacturing and Trade Leadership) 1NC T - Trade Neolib K case 2NC Neolib K 1NR T - Trade 2NR Neolib K
Milton
5
Opponent: Wheeler AP | Judge: Andrew Lockwood
1AC Conditional MBI (Manufacturing and Caro Quintero) 1NC Security K Turn Off Engines CP heg bad case defense 2NC Security K 1NR heg bad 2NR Security K
Milton
3
Opponent: Johns Creek LM | Judge: Judy Butler
1AC MBI (Manufacturing and Trade Leadership) 1NC Short Sea Shipping CP Security K Farm Bill Politics China DA Dedev case defense 2NC CP and Politics 1NR Dedev and case defense 2NR CP and Politics
UGA
1
Opponent: Pace MP | Judge: Aaron Hardy
1AC Cuba Travel Ban (Right to Travel and Framing) 1NC T (economic engagement) Sex Offenders CP Property Rights QPQ CP Ableism DA Racism DA Neoliberalism K 2NC T and Sex Offenders 1NR Property Rights 2NR Sex Offenders CP
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Tournament: Milton | Round: 5 | Opponent: Wheeler AP | Judge: Andrew Lockwood As part of the U.S.-Mexico High Level Economic Dialogue, the United States federal government should offer to facilitate improved efficiency and reduced congestion at Land Ports of Entry along the U.S.-Mexico border if Mexico agrees to apprehend Rafael Caro Quintero and extradite him to the United States to face charges.
Advantage One: Manufacturing
First, congestion at the U.S.-Mexico border hamstrings bilateral trade — infrastructure is antiquated. Farnsworth 1/15 — Eric Farnsworth, Vice President of the Council of the Americas and Americas Society, formerly served in the White House Office of the Special Envoy for the Americas and the U.S. Department of State, holds an M.P.A. from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University, 2014 (“NAFTA at Twenty: Accomplishments, Challenges, and the Way Forward,” Testimony Before The Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere of the Committee on Foreign Affairs in the U.S. House of Representatives, January 15th, Available Online at http://docs.house.gov/meetings/FA/FA07/20140115/101650/HHRG-113-FA07-Wstate-FarnsworthE-20140115.pdf, Accessed 01-16-2014, p. 3-4) But the World has Changed in the Past 20 Years, and NAFTA has Become Dated Since then, however, the world has changed dramatically, and NAFTA is … infrastructure. As trade increases, this picture will continue to get worse.
Second, the plan effectively creates a 21st century U.S.-Mexico border. The framework already exists but bilateral engagement is key to economic health and the manufacturing sector. Wilson 12/9 — Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, previously served as a Mexico Analyst for the U.S. Military and as a researcher at American University’s Center for North American Studies, holds an M.A. in International Affairs from American University, 2013 (“Improving Security and Facilitating Commerce With Mexico At America’s Southern Border,” Testimony Before The Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere of the Committee on Foreign Affairs in the U.S. House of Representatives, December 9th, Available Online at http://docs.house.gov/meetings/FA/FA07/20131209/101563/HHRG-113-FA07-Wstate-WilsonC-20131209.pdf, Accessed 01-16-2014, p. 2-4) In my judgement, the framework for border management … payoffs for each of these actions would be considerable.
Third, strong American manufacturing is vital to economic growth, competitiveness, and innovation. Ezell 12 — Stephen Ezell, Senior Analyst with the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation—a non-partisan research and educational institute and think tank whose mission is to formulate and promote public policies to advance technological innovation and productivity, former head of the Global Service Innovation Consortium at Peer Insight—an innovation research and consulting firm, holds a B.S. from the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University with an Honors Certificate from Georgetown’s Landegger International Business Diplomacy program, 2012 (“Why the United States Needs a National Manufacturing Strategy,” Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization, Volume 7, Number 3, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Project MUSE, p. 179-183) Why Manufacturing Matters to the U.S. Economy A robust manufacturing sector is indispensable to the health of the U.S. economy for at least four critical reasons… Senator Sherrod Brown (D-OH) has introduced similar legislation (S. 751) in the Senate.25
Fourth, economic growth is crucial to address all global challenges — the impact is linear. ? Silk 93 — Leonard Silk, Distinguished Professor of Economics at Pace University, Senior Research Fellow at the Ralph Bunche Institute on the United Nations at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, and former Economics Columnist with the New York Times, 1993 (“Dangers of Slow Growth,” Foreign Affairs, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis) Like the Great Depression, the current econ
1/19/14
Cuba Travel Ban 1AC - Quarters
Tournament: 2nd Year State | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Johns Creek BT | Judge: Shunta Jordan, Paula Cheng, Meredith McKay Contention One: The Right To Travel
First, most Americans are denied the right to travel to Cuba. The current “travel for some” policy doesn’t go far enough. Engagement via a “travel for all” policy is needed. CDA 9 — Center for Democracy in the Americas—an independent, non-profit organization focused on reforming U.S. policy toward Latin America, 2009 (“Center for Democracy in the Americas Statement on Freedom to Travel to Cuba Act,” March 31st, Available Online at http://www.lawg.org/storage/documents/cuba-pc-cda_statement_on_cuba_travel.pdf, Accessed 01-29-2014) With Senators Dorgan and Enzi unveiling their Freedom to Travel to Cuba legislation (S.428) and its list of 20 cosponsors today, Sarah Stephens, executive director of the Center for Democracy in the Americas, released the following statement: “This legislation attacks a core contradiction of US-Cuba policy: namely, that the right way to express our views on political freedom to Cubans is by stopping Americans from traveling to their island. “President Obama is on the right track by restoring the … and Cuban American leaders – takes place April 2.
Second, the “travel for some” policy violates the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. Selectively depriving individuals of their fundamental right to travel is unconstitutional. Valdés 9 — Nelson P. Valdés, Emeritus Professor of Sociology at the University of New Mexico, Director of the Cuba-L Project, 2009 (“Why Obama’s New Cuba Rules Violate the Constitution,” CounterPunch, March 18th, Available Online at http://www.counterpunch.org/2009/03/18/why-obama-s-new-cuba-rules-violate-the-constitution/, Accessed 01-28-2014) Section 621 of the Omnibus Appropriations Act of 2009 authorizes Cuban ancestry persons subject to the jurisdiction of … Every US citizen and resident alien should have the right and freedom to travel to Cuba, if they wish to do so.
Third, protecting the Constitution is a side constraint. Policymakers have an obligation to uphold the Constitution regardless of the consequences. Carter 87 — Steven Carter, Professor of Law at Yale University, 1987 (“From Sick Chicken to Synar: The Evolution and Subsequent De-Evolution of the Separation of Powers,” Brigham Young University Law Review, Issue 3, Available Online at http://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1531andcontext=lawreview, Accessed 01-29-2014, p. 751-752) The problem with this use of our burgeoning public policy science, an inevitable one in an area of theory driven by instrumental rationality … the Constitution—can be justified through reference to the policy itself as the end.139
Fourth, the ban violates individuals’ right to travel — it’s a fundamental civil and human right. CSG 8 — Cuba Study Group—a non-profit, non-partisan organization comprised of business and community leaders of Cuban descent who share a common interest and vision of a free and democratic Cuba, 2008 (“Lifting Restrictions on Travel and Remittances to Cuba: A Case for Unilateral Action,” December 10th, Available Online at http://www.lawg.org/storage/documents/cuba-pc-cuba-study-group-travelandremittancesforweb.pdf, Accessed 01-28-2014, p. 4-5) Existing travel restrictions are unethical, violate basic American freedoms and infringe upon international …does not believe it is the Federal government’s business to regulate human relationships in this manner.
Fifth, the right to travel is the bedrock of all other rights. Free speech and free association are meaningless if the government can ban international travel. Woods 96 — Jeanne M. Woods, Associate Professor at Loyola University School of Law, holds an LLB from Temple University School of Law, 1996 (“Travel That Talks: Toward First Amendment Protection for Freedom of Movement,” The George Washington Law Review (65 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 106), November, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis) I. Travel in the Context of Postmodern Rights Discourse The establishment of a right of free expression ... constrains the decision-making process in the direction of free expression. n12 The political philosophy of democratic … Essay will address primarily the restrictions on this right imposed by United States economic embargo laws. n36
Finally, rights violations cannot be justified for any reason. Appeals to “the greater good” misunderstand moral responsibility — we are only responsible for our own actions. Harris 8 — Alexander Norman Harris, Adjunct Analyst at the Competitive Enterprise Institute, former Koch Summer Fellow at the Cato Institute, holds an A.B. in Social Studies from Harvard College, 2008 (“Libertarian Rights,” Thesis Presented to the Committee on Degrees in Social Studies at Harvard College, June, Available Online at http://www.scribd.com/doc/19013558/Libertarian-Rights, Accessed 01-26-2014, p. 23-26) Finally, consequentialism rests on erroneous views of causality and … and their justification must be non-teleological and not jump the positive-normative gap. In the next chapter, we will see what sorts of justifications can be offered and what principles arise from them.
Plan
The United States federal government should normalize its travel relations with Cuba.
Contention Two: Framing
First, the plan is economic engagement — contextual evidence. Castellaw et al. 13 — John Castellaw, Retired Lieutenant General in the United States Marine Corps, et al., with Paul Eaton, Retired Major General in the United States Army, Robert G. Gard, Retired Lieutenant General in the United States Army, John Hutson, Retired Rear Admiral in the United States Navy, David Irvine, Retired Brigadier General in the United States Army, John Johns, Retired Brigadier General in the United States Army, Charles P. Otstott, Retired Lieutenant General in the United States Army, Lawrence Wilkerson, Retired Colonel in the United States Army, and Stephen N. Xenakis, Retired Brigadier General in the United States Army, 2013 (Letter to the House Foreign Affairs Committee, September 27th, Available Online at http://spi.typepad.com/files/us-military-leaders-letter-to-hfac-cuba-travel-ban-092710.pdf, Accessed 01-28-2014) Dear Chairman Berman and Ranking Member Ros-Lehtinen: We have spent our professional lives defending … removing unnecessary sources of discontent in a country so close to the United States.
Second, there are no prior questions — policy action is needed in specific situations despite uncertainty. Kratochwil 9 — Friedrich Kratochwil, Chair of International Relations at the European University Institute, holds an M.A. in International Relations from Georgetown University and a Ph.D. in Politics from Princeton University, 2009 (“Ten points to ponder about pragmatism: some critical reflections on knowledge generation in the social sciences,” Pragmatism in International Relations, Edited by Harry Bauer and Elisabetta Brighi, Published by Routledge, ISBN 9780203885093, p. 20-21) First, a pragmatic approach does not begin with objects or ‘things’... ‘timing’ seems to be quite recalcitrant to analytical treatment.
Third, policy analysis is valuable even though policymakers aren’t listening — debating about policy ideas is good. Shulock 99 — Nancy Shulock, Associate Vice President for Academic Affairs and Assistant Professor of Public Policy and Administration at California State University-Sacramento, holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of California-Davis, 1999 (“The Paradox of Policy Analysis: If It Is Not Used, Why Do We Produce So Much of It?,” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Volume 18, Number 2, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Wiley InterScience, p. 240-241) The critiques and accompanying prescriptions for a reinvented … Policy analysis can supply the ideas.
Fourth, reject arguments founded on suspicion about politics. Radical critiques make efforts to create a better future impossible — the impact is anti-politics. Berman 1 — Paul Schiff Berman, Associate Professor at the University of Connecticut School of Law, 2001 (“Approaches To The Cultural Study Of Law: Telling A Less Suspicious Story: Notes Toward A Non-Skeptical Approach To Legal/Cultural Analysis,” Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities (13 Yale J.L. and Human. 95), Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis) The second drawback of the hermeneutics of … agents who need to act in the world cannot afford to maintain. 113
Fifth, anti-politics prevents effective resolution of all national and global challenges and opens the door to authoritarianism. Debate should be oriented toward political problem-solving, not radical critique. Boggs 97 — Carl Boggs, 1997 (“The great retreat: Decline of the public sphere in late twentieth-century America,” Theory and Society, Volume 26, Issue 6, December, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via SpingerLink, p. 773-775) Political malaise and global challenge The decline of the public sphere in late twentieth-century … very types of information, skills, and attitudes.
Sixth, it is important to find common ground and build coalitions. Totalizing rejection destroys effective progressive politics. Giroux 12 — Henry A. Giroux, Global TV Network Chair Professorship in the Department of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 2012 (“Authoritarian Politics in the Age of Casino Capitalism,” truthout, August 27th, Available Online at http://www.counterpunch.org/2012/08/27/authoritarian-politics-in-the-age-of-casino-capitalism/, Accessed 11-16-2012) Rather than invest in electoral politics, it … wider effort to create a radical democracy.
Seventh, debating about foreign policy is vital to student engagement — policy analysis is key. Van de Velde 13 — Jacqueline Van de Velde, senior International Affairs and English major at the University of Georgia, Campus Network Senior Fellow for Defense and Diplomacy at the Roosevelt Institute, 2013 (“Obama Can't Avoid Foreign Policy Focus, and Neither Should Young People,” Next New Deal—the Roosevelt Institute’s blog, September 9th, Available Online at http://www.nextnewdeal.net/millennial-pulse/obama-cant-avoid-foreign-policy-focus-and-neither-should-young-people, Accessed 09-20-2013) But if my work this summer was any indication, our most pressing … about producing quality policy analysis. So, let’s get started.
Eighth, grassroots education and activism about the travel ban are valuable. LAWG 13 — Latin American Working Group—a non-profit activist organization that represents a coalition of over 60 national religious, human rights, grassroots, foreign policy, research, peace and development organizations dedicated to a more peaceful, just, and humane U.S. policy toward Latin America, 2013 (“What You Can Do To Support Travel For All To Cuba,” Available Online at http://www.lawg.org/storage/documents/Cuba/Flyer_-_how_to_become_an_advocate.pdf, Accessed 02-05-2014) At the Latin America Working Group, we think that the … ban with education and action from the grassroots.
Ninth, disadvantages to economic engagement with Cuba are not unique. Wapshott 12/16 — Nicholas Wapshott, International Editor of Newsweek, 2013 (“Obama, Castro, and the perversity of the Cuban embargo,” Reuters, December 16th, Available Online at http://blogs.reuters.com/nicholas-wapshott/2013/12/16/obama-castro-and-the-perversity-of-the-cuban-embargo/, Accessed 02-04-2014) Obama has already started the process by allowing in 2009 Cuban-Americans to send money back to their families … trading goods for human rights, normalization for individual liberties, and hand shaking for closed fists.
Finally, there is no risk of nuclear war or great power conflict—nuclear deterrence. Tepperman 9 — Jonathan Tepperman, Deputy Editor of Newsweek, Member of the Council on Foreign Relations, now Managing Editor of Foreign Affairs, holds a B.A. in English Literature from Yale University, an M.A. in Jurisprudence from Oxford University, and an LL.M. in International Law from New York University, 2009 (“Why Obama Should Learn to Love the Bomb,” The Daily Beast, August 28th, Available Online at http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/08/28/why-obama-should-learn-to-love-the-bomb.print.html, Accessed 01-27-2012) A growing and compelling body of research suggests that nuclear … but nothing in their behavior suggests they have a death wish.
2/9/14
Cuba Travel Ban 1AC - Semis
Tournament: 2nd Year State | Round: Semis | Opponent: Westminster DH | Judge: Paula Cheng, Meredith McKay, Ben Schultz Contention One: The Right To Travel
First, most Americans are denied the right to travel to Cuba. The current “travel for some” policy doesn’t go far enough. Engagement via a “travel for all” policy is needed. CDA 9 — Center for Democracy in the Americas—an independent, non-profit organization focused on reforming U.S. policy toward Latin America, 2009 (“Center for Democracy in the Americas Statement on Freedom to Travel to Cuba Act,” March 31st, Available Online at http://www.lawg.org/storage/documents/cuba-pc-cda_statement_on_cuba_travel.pdf, Accessed 01-29-2014) With Senators Dorgan and Enzi unveiling their Freedom to Travel to Cuba legislation (S.428) and its list of 20 cosponsors today, Sarah Stephens, executive director of the Center for Democracy in the Americas, released the following statement: “This legislation attacks a core contradiction of US-Cuba policy: namely, that the right way to express our views on political freedom to Cubans is by stopping Americans from traveling to their island. “President Obama is on the right track by restoring the … and Cuban American leaders – takes place April 2.
Second, the “travel for some” policy violates the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. Selectively depriving individuals of their fundamental right to travel is unconstitutional. Valdés 9 — Nelson P. Valdés, Emeritus Professor of Sociology at the University of New Mexico, Director of the Cuba-L Project, 2009 (“Why Obama’s New Cuba Rules Violate the Constitution,” CounterPunch, March 18th, Available Online at http://www.counterpunch.org/2009/03/18/why-obama-s-new-cuba-rules-violate-the-constitution/, Accessed 01-28-2014) Section 621 of the Omnibus Appropriations Act of 2009 authorizes Cuban ancestry persons subject to the jurisdiction of … Every US citizen and resident alien should have the right and freedom to travel to Cuba, if they wish to do so.
Third, protecting the Constitution is a side constraint. Policymakers have an obligation to uphold the Constitution regardless of the consequences. Carter 87 — Steven Carter, Professor of Law at Yale University, 1987 (“From Sick Chicken to Synar: The Evolution and Subsequent De-Evolution of the Separation of Powers,” Brigham Young University Law Review, Issue 3, Available Online at http://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1531andcontext=lawreview, Accessed 01-29-2014, p. 751-752) The problem with this use of our burgeoning public policy science, an inevitable one in an area of theory driven by instrumental rationality … the Constitution—can be justified through reference to the policy itself as the end.139
Fourth, the ban violates individuals’ right to travel — it’s a fundamental civil and human right. CSG 8 — Cuba Study Group—a non-profit, non-partisan organization comprised of business and community leaders of Cuban descent who share a common interest and vision of a free and democratic Cuba, 2008 (“Lifting Restrictions on Travel and Remittances to Cuba: A Case for Unilateral Action,” December 10th, Available Online at http://www.lawg.org/storage/documents/cuba-pc-cuba-study-group-travelandremittancesforweb.pdf, Accessed 01-28-2014, p. 4-5) Existing travel restrictions are unethical, violate basic American freedoms and infringe upon international …does not believe it is the Federal government’s business to regulate human relationships in this manner.
Fifth, the right to travel is the bedrock of all other rights. Free speech and free association are meaningless if the government can ban international travel. Woods 96 — Jeanne M. Woods, Associate Professor at Loyola University School of Law, holds an LLB from Temple University School of Law, 1996 (“Travel That Talks: Toward First Amendment Protection for Freedom of Movement,” The George Washington Law Review (65 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 106), November, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis) I. Travel in the Context of Postmodern Rights Discourse The establishment of a right of free expression ... constrains the decision-making process in the direction of free expression. n12 The political philosophy of democratic … Essay will address primarily the restrictions on this right imposed by United States economic embargo laws. n36
Finally, rights violations cannot be justified for any reason. Appeals to “the greater good” misunderstand moral responsibility — we are only responsible for our own actions. Harris 8 — Alexander Norman Harris, Adjunct Analyst at the Competitive Enterprise Institute, former Koch Summer Fellow at the Cato Institute, holds an A.B. in Social Studies from Harvard College, 2008 (“Libertarian Rights,” Thesis Presented to the Committee on Degrees in Social Studies at Harvard College, June, Available Online at http://www.scribd.com/doc/19013558/Libertarian-Rights, Accessed 01-26-2014, p. 23-26) Finally, consequentialism rests on erroneous views of causality and … and their justification must be non-teleological and not jump the positive-normative gap. In the next chapter, we will see what sorts of justifications can be offered and what principles arise from them.
Plan
The United States federal government should normalize its travel relations with Cuba.
Contention Two: Framing
First, the plan is economic engagement — contextual evidence. Castellaw et al. 13 — John Castellaw, Retired Lieutenant General in the United States Marine Corps, et al., with Paul Eaton, Retired Major General in the United States Army, Robert G. Gard, Retired Lieutenant General in the United States Army, John Hutson, Retired Rear Admiral in the United States Navy, David Irvine, Retired Brigadier General in the United States Army, John Johns, Retired Brigadier General in the United States Army, Charles P. Otstott, Retired Lieutenant General in the United States Army, Lawrence Wilkerson, Retired Colonel in the United States Army, and Stephen N. Xenakis, Retired Brigadier General in the United States Army, 2013 (Letter to the House Foreign Affairs Committee, September 27th, Available Online at http://spi.typepad.com/files/us-military-leaders-letter-to-hfac-cuba-travel-ban-092710.pdf, Accessed 01-28-2014) Dear Chairman Berman and Ranking Member Ros-Lehtinen: We have spent our professional lives … unnecessary sources of discontent in a country so close to the United States.
Second, no QPQ counterplans — conditioning Americans’ right to travel on action by Cuba is unethical and counterproductive. Delahunt 10 — Bill Delahunt, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives (D-MA), Senior Member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, 2010 (“It's time to end the ban on travel to Cuba,” Letter to the Editor of The Washington Post, July 13th, Available Online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/07/12/AR2010071205154.html, Accessed 01-28-2014) As a sponsor of legislation to end the ban on travel by Americans to Cuba, I noted a glaring omission in the July 9 editorial … help the Cuban people more than it will help their government.
Third, disadvantages to economic engagement with Cuba are not unique. Wapshott 12/16 — Nicholas Wapshott, International Editor of Newsweek, 2013 (“Obama, Castro, and the perversity of the Cuban embargo,” Reuters, December 16th, Available Online at http://blogs.reuters.com/nicholas-wapshott/2013/12/16/obama-castro-and-the-perversity-of-the-cuban-embargo/, Accessed 02-04-2014) Obama has already started the process … shaking for closed fists.
Fifth, hyperbolic extinction impacts should be rejected — they make rational decision-making impossible. Gross and Gilles 12 — Mathew Barrett Gross, New Media Strategist who served as the Director of Internet Communications for Howard Dean's 2004 presidential campaign, and Mel Gilles, Director of Sol Kula Yoga and Healing, 2012 (“How Apocalyptic Thinking Prevents Us from Taking Political Action,” The Atlantic, April 23rd, Available Online at http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/04/how-apocalyptic-thinking-prevents-us-from-taking-political-action/255758/, Accessed 10-10-2013) Flip through the cable channels for … And what is the likely impact of the worst-case model of any given threat?
Sixth, there are no prior questions — policy action is needed in specific situations despite uncertainty. Kratochwil 9 — Friedrich Kratochwil, Chair of International Relations at the European University Institute, holds an M.A. in International Relations from Georgetown University and a Ph.D. in Politics from Princeton University, 2009 (“Ten points to ponder about pragmatism: some critical reflections on knowledge generation in the social sciences,” Pragmatism in International Relations, Edited by Harry Bauer and Elisabetta Brighi, Published by Routledge, ISBN 9780203885093, p. 20-21) First, a pragmatic approach does not begin with … assumptions. Besides, ‘timing’ seems to be quite recalcitrant to analytical treatment.
Seventh, grassroots education and activism about the travel ban are valuable. LAWG 13— Latin American Working Group—a non-profit activist organization that represents a coalition of over 60 national religious, human rights, grassroots, foreign policy, research, peace and development organizations dedicated to a more peaceful, just, and humane U.S. policy toward Latin America, 2013 (“What You Can Do To Support Travel For All To Cuba,” Available Online at http://www.lawg.org/storage/documents/Cuba/Flyer_-_how_to_become_an_advocate.pdf, Accessed 02-05-2014) At the Latin America Working Group, we think that the … ban with education and action from the grassroots.
Eighth, debating about foreign policy is vital to student engagement — policy analysis is key. Van de Velde 13 — Jacqueline Van de Velde, senior International Affairs and English major at the University of Georgia, Campus Network Senior Fellow for Defense and Diplomacy at the Roosevelt Institute, 2013 (“Obama Can't Avoid Foreign Policy Focus, and Neither Should Young People,” Next New Deal—the Roosevelt Institute’s blog, September 9th, Available Online at http://www.nextnewdeal.net/millennial-pulse/obama-cant-avoid-foreign-policy-focus-and-neither-should-young-people, Accessed 09-20-2013) But if my work this summer was any … that problem won’t be so immense. On foreign policy, perhaps more than any other policy area, young Americans must be vocal about our ideas, whether that means promoting them in in-person meetings, suggesting them in blog posts, or presenting them at conferences. That will be critical if we hope to gain the access that is required to make an impact. With implementation of our ideas often in the hands of high-level politicians, analysts, and diplomats, we need to be just as serious about being heard as we are about producing quality policy analysis. So, let’s get started.
Ninth, it is important to find common ground and build coalitions. Totalizing rejection destroys effective progressive politics. Giroux 12 — Henry A. Giroux, Global TV Network Chair Professorship in the Department of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 2012 (“Authoritarian Politics in the Age of Casino Capitalism,” truthout, August 27th, Available Online at http://www.counterpunch.org/2012/08/27/authoritarian-politics-in-the-age-of-casino-capitalism/, Accessed 11-16-2012) Rather than invest in electoral politics … wider effort to create a radical democracy.
Finally, there is no risk of nuclear war or great power conflict—nuclear deterrence. Tepperman 9 — Jonathan Tepperman, Deputy Editor of Newsweek, Member of the Council on Foreign Relations, now Managing Editor of Foreign Affairs, holds a B.A. in English Literature from Yale University, an M.A. in Jurisprudence from Oxford University, and an LL.M. in International Law from New York University, 2009 (“Why Obama Should Learn to Love the Bomb,” The Daily Beast, August 28th, Available Online at http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/08/28/why-obama-should-learn-to-love-the-bomb.print.html, Accessed 01-27-2012) A growing and compelling body … but nothing in their behavior suggests they have a death wish.
2/9/14
Cuba Travel Ban 1AC - State
Tournament: 2nd Year State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Johns Creek MR | Judge: Tommy Jordan Contention One: The Right To Travel
First, most Americans are denied the right to travel to Cuba. The current “travel for some” policy doesn’t go far enough. Engagement via a “travel for all” policy is needed. CDA 9 — Center for Democracy in the Americas—an independent, non-profit organization focused on reforming U.S. policy toward Latin America, 2009 (“Center for Democracy in the Americas Statement on Freedom to Travel to Cuba Act,” March 31st, Available Online at http://www.lawg.org/storage/documents/cuba-pc-cda_statement_on_cuba_travel.pdf, Accessed 01-29-2014) With Senators Dorgan and Enzi unveiling their Freedom to Travel to Cuba legislation (S.428) and its list of 20 cosponsors today, Sarah Stephens, executive director of the Center for Democracy in the Americas, released the following statement: “This legislation attacks a core contradiction of US-Cuba policy: namely, that the right way to express our views on political freedom to Cubans is by stopping Americans from traveling to their island. “President Obama is on the right track by restoring the … and Cuban American leaders – takes place April 2.
Second, the “travel for some” policy violates the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. Selectively depriving individuals of their fundamental right to travel is unconstitutional. Valdés 9 — Nelson P. Valdés, Emeritus Professor of Sociology at the University of New Mexico, Director of the Cuba-L Project, 2009 (“Why Obama’s New Cuba Rules Violate the Constitution,” CounterPunch, March 18th, Available Online at http://www.counterpunch.org/2009/03/18/why-obama-s-new-cuba-rules-violate-the-constitution/, Accessed 01-28-2014) Section 621 of the Omnibus Appropriations Act of 2009 authorizes Cuban ancestry persons subject to the jurisdiction of … Every US citizen and resident alien should have the right and freedom to travel to Cuba, if they wish to do so.
Third, protecting the Constitution is a side constraint. Policymakers have an obligation to uphold the Constitution regardless of the consequences. Carter 87 — Steven Carter, Professor of Law at Yale University, 1987 (“From Sick Chicken to Synar: The Evolution and Subsequent De-Evolution of the Separation of Powers,” Brigham Young University Law Review, Issue 3, Available Online at http://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1531andcontext=lawreview, Accessed 01-29-2014, p. 751-752) The problem with this use of our burgeoning public policy science, an inevitable one in an area of theory driven by instrumental rationality … the Constitution—can be justified through reference to the policy itself as the end.139
Fourth, the ban violates individuals’ right to travel — it’s a fundamental civil and human right. CSG 8 — Cuba Study Group—a non-profit, non-partisan organization comprised of business and community leaders of Cuban descent who share a common interest and vision of a free and democratic Cuba, 2008 (“Lifting Restrictions on Travel and Remittances to Cuba: A Case for Unilateral Action,” December 10th, Available Online at http://www.lawg.org/storage/documents/cuba-pc-cuba-study-group-travelandremittancesforweb.pdf, Accessed 01-28-2014, p. 4-5) Existing travel restrictions are unethical, violate basic American freedoms and infringe upon international …does not believe it is the Federal government’s business to regulate human relationships in this manner.
Fifth, the right to travel is the bedrock of all other rights. Free speech and free association are meaningless if the government can ban international travel. Woods 96 — Jeanne M. Woods, Associate Professor at Loyola University School of Law, holds an LLB from Temple University School of Law, 1996 (“Travel That Talks: Toward First Amendment Protection for Freedom of Movement,” The George Washington Law Review (65 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 106), November, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis) I. Travel in the Context of Postmodern Rights Discourse The establishment of a right of free expression ... constrains the decision-making process in the direction of free expression. n12 The political philosophy of democratic … Essay will address primarily the restrictions on this right imposed by United States economic embargo laws. n36
Finally, rights violations cannot be justified for any reason. Appeals to “the greater good” misunderstand moral responsibility — we are only responsible for our own actions. Harris 8 — Alexander Norman Harris, Adjunct Analyst at the Competitive Enterprise Institute, former Koch Summer Fellow at the Cato Institute, holds an A.B. in Social Studies from Harvard College, 2008 (“Libertarian Rights,” Thesis Presented to the Committee on Degrees in Social Studies at Harvard College, June, Available Online at http://www.scribd.com/doc/19013558/Libertarian-Rights, Accessed 01-26-2014, p. 23-26) Finally, consequentialism rests on erroneous views of causality and … and their justification must be non-teleological and not jump the positive-normative gap. In the next chapter, we will see what sorts of justifications can be offered and what principles arise from them.
The United States federal government should normalize its travel relations with Cuba.
Contention Two: Framing
First, the plan is economic engagement — contextual evidence. Castellaw et al. 13 — John Castellaw, Retired Lieutenant General in the United States Marine Corps, et al., with Paul Eaton, Retired Major General in the United States Army, Robert G. Gard, Retired Lieutenant General in the United States Army, John Hutson, Retired Rear Admiral in the United States Navy, David Irvine, Retired Brigadier General in the United States Army, John Johns, Retired Brigadier General in the United States Army, Charles P. Otstott, Retired Lieutenant General in the United States Army, Lawrence Wilkerson, Retired Colonel in the United States Army, and Stephen N. Xenakis, Retired Brigadier General in the United States Army, 2013 (Letter to the House Foreign Affairs Committee, September 27th, Available Online at http://spi.typepad.com/files/us-military-leaders-letter-to-hfac-cuba-travel-ban-092710.pdf, Accessed 01-28-2014) Dear Chairman Berman and Ranking Member Ros-Lehtinen: We have spent our professional lives … unnecessary sources of discontent in a country so close to the United States.
Second, no QPQ counterplans — conditioning Americans’ right to travel on action by Cuba is unethical and counterproductive. Delahunt 10 — Bill Delahunt, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives (D-MA), Senior Member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, 2010 (“It's time to end the ban on travel to Cuba,” Letter to the Editor of The Washington Post, July 13th, Available Online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/07/12/AR2010071205154.html, Accessed 01-28-2014) As a sponsor of legislation to end the ban on travel by Americans to Cuba, I noted a glaring omission in the July 9 editorial … help the Cuban people more than it will help their government.
Third, disadvantages to economic engagement with Cuba are not unique. Wapshott 12/16 — Nicholas Wapshott, International Editor of Newsweek, 2013 (“Obama, Castro, and the perversity of the Cuban embargo,” Reuters, December 16th, Available Online at http://blogs.reuters.com/nicholas-wapshott/2013/12/16/obama-castro-and-the-perversity-of-the-cuban-embargo/, Accessed 02-04-2014) Obama has already started the process … shaking for closed fists.
Fifth, hyperbolic extinction impacts should be rejected — they make rational decision-making impossible. Gross and Gilles 12 — Mathew Barrett Gross, New Media Strategist who served as the Director of Internet Communications for Howard Dean's 2004 presidential campaign, and Mel Gilles, Director of Sol Kula Yoga and Healing, 2012 (“How Apocalyptic Thinking Prevents Us from Taking Political Action,” The Atlantic, April 23rd, Available Online at http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/04/how-apocalyptic-thinking-prevents-us-from-taking-political-action/255758/, Accessed 10-10-2013) Flip through the cable channels for … And what is the likely impact of the worst-case model of any given threat?
Sixth, there are no prior questions — policy action is needed in specific situations despite uncertainty. Kratochwil 9 — Friedrich Kratochwil, Chair of International Relations at the European University Institute, holds an M.A. in International Relations from Georgetown University and a Ph.D. in Politics from Princeton University, 2009 (“Ten points to ponder about pragmatism: some critical reflections on knowledge generation in the social sciences,” Pragmatism in International Relations, Edited by Harry Bauer and Elisabetta Brighi, Published by Routledge, ISBN 9780203885093, p. 20-21) First, a pragmatic approach does not begin with … assumptions. Besides, ‘timing’ seems to be quite recalcitrant to analytical treatment.
Seventh, grassroots education and activism about the travel ban are valuable. LAWG 13— Latin American Working Group—a non-profit activist organization that represents a coalition of over 60 national religious, human rights, grassroots, foreign policy, research, peace and development organizations dedicated to a more peaceful, just, and humane U.S. policy toward Latin America, 2013 (“What You Can Do To Support Travel For All To Cuba,” Available Online at http://www.lawg.org/storage/documents/Cuba/Flyer_-_how_to_become_an_advocate.pdf, Accessed 02-05-2014) At the Latin America Working Group, we think that the … ban with education and action from the grassroots.
Eighth, debating about foreign policy is vital to student engagement — policy analysis is key. Van de Velde 13 — Jacqueline Van de Velde, senior International Affairs and English major at the University of Georgia, Campus Network Senior Fellow for Defense and Diplomacy at the Roosevelt Institute, 2013 (“Obama Can't Avoid Foreign Policy Focus, and Neither Should Young People,” Next New Deal—the Roosevelt Institute’s blog, September 9th, Available Online at http://www.nextnewdeal.net/millennial-pulse/obama-cant-avoid-foreign-policy-focus-and-neither-should-young-people, Accessed 09-20-2013) But if my work this summer was any … that problem won’t be so immense. On foreign policy, perhaps more than any other policy area, young Americans must be vocal about our ideas, whether that means promoting them in in-person meetings, suggesting them in blog posts, or presenting them at conferences. That will be critical if we hope to gain the access that is required to make an impact. With implementation of our ideas often in the hands of high-level politicians, analysts, and diplomats, we need to be just as serious about being heard as we are about producing quality policy analysis. So, let’s get started.
Ninth, it is important to find common ground and build coalitions. Totalizing rejection destroys effective progressive politics. Giroux 12 — Henry A. Giroux, Global TV Network Chair Professorship in the Department of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 2012 (“Authoritarian Politics in the Age of Casino Capitalism,” truthout, August 27th, Available Online at http://www.counterpunch.org/2012/08/27/authoritarian-politics-in-the-age-of-casino-capitalism/, Accessed 11-16-2012) Rather than invest in electoral politics … wider effort to create a radical democracy.
Finally, there is no risk of nuclear war or great power conflict—nuclear deterrence. Tepperman 9 — Jonathan Tepperman, Deputy Editor of Newsweek, Member of the Council on Foreign Relations, now Managing Editor of Foreign Affairs, holds a B.A. in English Literature from Yale University, an M.A. in Jurisprudence from Oxford University, and an LL.M. in International Law from New York University, 2009 (“Why Obama Should Learn to Love the Bomb,” The Daily Beast, August 28th, Available Online at http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/08/28/why-obama-should-learn-to-love-the-bomb.print.html, Accessed 01-27-2012) A growing and compelling body … but nothing in their behavior suggests they have a death wish.
2/8/14
Cuba Travel Ban 1AC - State Round 3
Tournament: 2nd Year State | Round: 3 | Opponent: Druid Hills HJ | Judge: P Shenoy See "Cuba Travel Ban 1AC - State"
2/9/14
Cuba Travel Ban 1AC - UGA
Tournament: UGA | Round: 1 | Opponent: Pace MP | Judge: Aaron Hardy The first advantage is the same as 2nd Year State
Contention Two: Framing
First, the plan is economic engagement — contextual evidence. Castellaw et al. 13 — John Castellaw, Retired Lieutenant General in the United States Marine Corps, et al., with Paul Eaton, Retired Major General in the United States Army, Robert G. Gard, Retired Lieutenant General in the United States Army, John Hutson, Retired Rear Admiral in the United States Navy, David Irvine, Retired Brigadier General in the United States Army, John Johns, Retired Brigadier General in the United States Army, Charles P. Otstott, Retired Lieutenant General in the United States Army, Lawrence Wilkerson, Retired Colonel in the United States Army, and Stephen N. Xenakis, Retired Brigadier General in the United States Army, 2013 (Letter to the House Foreign Affairs Committee, September 27th, Available Online at http://spi.typepad.com/files/us-military-leaders-letter-to-hfac-cuba-travel-ban-092710.pdf, Accessed 01-28-2014) Dear Chairman Berman and Ranking Member Ros-Lehtinen: We have spent our professional lives … unnecessary sources of discontent in a country so close to the United States.
Second, no QPQ counterplans — conditioning Americans’ right to travel on action by Cuba is unethical and counterproductive. Delahunt 10 — Bill Delahunt, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives (D-MA), Senior Member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, 2010 (“It's time to end the ban on travel to Cuba,” Letter to the Editor of The Washington Post, July 13th, Available Online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/07/12/AR2010071205154.html, Accessed 01-28-2014) As a sponsor of legislation to end the ban on travel by Americans to Cuba, I noted a glaring omission in the July 9 editorial … help the Cuban people more than it will help their government.
Third, disadvantages to economic engagement with Cuba are not unique. Wapshott 12/16 — Nicholas Wapshott, International Editor of Newsweek, 2013 (“Obama, Castro, and the perversity of the Cuban embargo,” Reuters, December 16th, Available Online at http://blogs.reuters.com/nicholas-wapshott/2013/12/16/obama-castro-and-the-perversity-of-the-cuban-embargo/, Accessed 02-04-2014) Obama has already started the process … shaking for closed fists.
Fifth, hyperbolic extinction impacts should be rejected — they make rational decision-making impossible. Gross and Gilles 12 — Mathew Barrett Gross, New Media Strategist who served as the Director of Internet Communications for Howard Dean's 2004 presidential campaign, and Mel Gilles, Director of Sol Kula Yoga and Healing, 2012 (“How Apocalyptic Thinking Prevents Us from Taking Political Action,” The Atlantic, April 23rd, Available Online at http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/04/how-apocalyptic-thinking-prevents-us-from-taking-political-action/255758/, Accessed 10-10-2013) Flip through the cable channels for … And what is the likely impact of the worst-case model of any given threat?
Sixth, there are no prior questions — policy action is needed in specific situations despite uncertainty. Kratochwil 9 — Friedrich Kratochwil, Chair of International Relations at the European University Institute, holds an M.A. in International Relations from Georgetown University and a Ph.D. in Politics from Princeton University, 2009 (“Ten points to ponder about pragmatism: some critical reflections on knowledge generation in the social sciences,” Pragmatism in International Relations, Edited by Harry Bauer and Elisabetta Brighi, Published by Routledge, ISBN 9780203885093, p. 20-21) First, a pragmatic approach does not begin with … assumptions. Besides, ‘timing’ seems to be quite recalcitrant to analytical treatment.
Seventh, no Cuba Economy DA — the travel ban has no meaningful effects (:15). NAF 10 — New America Foundation—a non-profit, nonpartisan public policy institute and think tank, 2010 (“Should Americans Be Free to Visit Cuba? Responding to Critics,” Report by the U.S.-Cuba Policy Initiative, January, Available Online at http://newamerica.net/sites/newamerica.net/files/policydocs/ShouldAmericansbeFreetoVisitCuba.pdf, Accessed 01-29-2014, p. 2) 1) Economic Lifeline Argument: Travel Ban Advocates Argue: “Lifting restrictions on travel would throw an economic lifeline to the Castros’ dictatorship.” Our response:...limits U.S. influence among Cubans on the island.
Eighth, no Human Rights DA — the travel ban is net-worse for human rights in Cuba. Vivanco 10 — José Miguel Vivanco, Executive Director of the Americas Division of Human Rights Watch, 2010 (“Cuba: Letter to Chairman Berman on Lifting the US Travel Ban,” Human Rights Watch, September 27th, Available Online at http://www.hrw.org/news/2010/09/28/us-letter-chairman-berman, Accessed 01-28-2014) I write you in advance of the markup of the Committee...direction towards fixing this broken policy.
Ninth, no Politics DA — vote aff if the plan is a good idea regardless of political expediency. Klein 13 — Ezra Klein, blogger for The Washington Post, former associate editor for The American Prospect, B.A. in Political Science from UCLA, 2013 (“The problem with covering policy as politics,” Wonkblog—Ezra Klein’s Washington Post blog, July 30th, Available Online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/07/30/the-problem-with-covering-policy-as-politics/?wprss=rss_ezra-klein, Accessed 01-24-2014) Here's the problem with coming up with policy ideas...them before they've even read them.
Finally, there is no risk of nuclear war or great power conflict—nuclear deterrence. Tepperman 9 — Jonathan Tepperman, Deputy Editor of Newsweek, Member of the Council on Foreign Relations, now Managing Editor of Foreign Affairs, holds a B.A. in English Literature from Yale University, an M.A. in Jurisprudence from Oxford University, and an LL.M. in International Law from New York University, 2009 (“Why Obama Should Learn to Love the Bomb,” The Daily Beast, August 28th, Available Online at http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/08/28/why-obama-should-learn-to-love-the-bomb.print.html, Accessed 01-27-2012) A growing and compelling body of research suggests that nuclear ... behavior suggests they have a death wish.
2/28/14
Mexican Border Infrastructure 1AC - Milton
Tournament: Milton | Round: 1 | Opponent: Johns Creek OW | Judge: Rob Ebeck As part of the U.S.-Mexico High Level Economic Dialogue, the United States federal government should offer to facilitate improved efficiency and reduced congestion at Land Ports of Entry along the U.S.-Mexico border.
Advantage One: Manufacturing
First, congestion at the U.S.-Mexico border hamstrings bilateral trade — infrastructure is antiquated. Farnsworth 1/15 — Eric Farnsworth, Vice President of the Council of the Americas and Americas Society, formerly served in the White House Office of the Special Envoy for the Americas and the U.S. Department of State, holds an M.P.A. from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University, 2014 (“NAFTA at Twenty: Accomplishments, Challenges, and the Way Forward,” Testimony Before The Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere of the Committee on Foreign Affairs in the U.S. House of Representatives, January 15th, Available Online at http://docs.house.gov/meetings/FA/FA07/20140115/101650/HHRG-113-FA07-Wstate-FarnsworthE-20140115.pdf, Accessed 01-16-2014, p. 3-4) But the World has Changed in the Past 20 Years, and NAFTA has Become Dated Since then, however, the world has changed dramatically, and NAFTA is … infrastructure. As trade increases, this picture will continue to get worse.
Second, the plan effectively creates a 21st century U.S.-Mexico border. The framework already exists but bilateral engagement is key to economic health and the manufacturing sector. Wilson 12/9 — Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, previously served as a Mexico Analyst for the U.S. Military and as a researcher at American University’s Center for North American Studies, holds an M.A. in International Affairs from American University, 2013 (“Improving Security and Facilitating Commerce With Mexico At America’s Southern Border,” Testimony Before The Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere of the Committee on Foreign Affairs in the U.S. House of Representatives, December 9th, Available Online at http://docs.house.gov/meetings/FA/FA07/20131209/101563/HHRG-113-FA07-Wstate-WilsonC-20131209.pdf, Accessed 01-16-2014, p. 2-4) In my judgement, the framework for border management … payoffs for each of these actions would be considerable.
Third, strong American manufacturing is vital to economic growth, competitiveness, and innovation. Ezell 12 — Stephen Ezell, Senior Analyst with the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation—a non-partisan research and educational institute and think tank whose mission is to formulate and promote public policies to advance technological innovation and productivity, former head of the Global Service Innovation Consortium at Peer Insight—an innovation research and consulting firm, holds a B.S. from the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University with an Honors Certificate from Georgetown’s Landegger International Business Diplomacy program, 2012 (“Why the United States Needs a National Manufacturing Strategy,” Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization, Volume 7, Number 3, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Project MUSE, p. 179-183) Why Manufacturing Matters to the U.S. Economy A robust manufacturing sector is indispensable to the health of the U.S. economy for at least four critical reasons… Senator Sherrod Brown (D-OH) has introduced similar legislation (S. 751) in the Senate.25
Fourth, economic growth is crucial to address all global challenges — the impact is linear. ? Silk 93 — Leonard Silk, Distinguished Professor of Economics at Pace University, Senior Research Fellow at the Ralph Bunche Institute on the United Nations at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, and former Economics Columnist with the New York Times, 1993 (“Dangers of Slow Growth,” Foreign Affairs, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis) Like the Great Depression, the current economic slump has … liberal and open economies and societies.
Fifth, innovation is vital to maintain the defense industrial base and U.S. technological leadership. Yudken 10 — Joel S. Yudken, Principal and Founder of High Road Strategies, LLC—a nationally known expert on industrial, energy, economic development, and technology policy issues, Sectoral Economist and Technology Policy Analyst in the Public Policy Department of the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, former member of the National Research Council’s Board on Manufacturing and Engineering Design, holds an M.S. in Engineering-Economic Systems and a Ph.D. in Technology and Society from Stanford University, 2010 (“Conclusion,” Manufacturing Insecurity: America's Manufacturing Crisis and the Erosion of the U.S. Defense Industrial Base, Report Prepared for the Industrial Union Council of the AFL-CIO, September, Available Online at http://www.aflcio.org/content/download/3665/38375/manuffull_092010.pdf, Accessed 09-01-2013) The erosion and overseas migration of domestic manufacturing is…, and embodied in those displaced workers, is being lost as well.
Sixth, a strong defense industrial base is necessary to deter global conflict. Eaglen and Sayers 9 — Mackenzie Eaglen, Research Fellow for National Security Studies at The Heritage Foundation, served as the Principal Defense Adviser to Sen. Susan Collins (R-Maine), former Presidential Management Fellow at the United States Department of Defense, holds an M.A. from the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, and Eric Sayers, Research Assistant for National Security Policy at the Heritage Foundation, holds a M.Sc. in Strategic Studies from the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies and an M.A. in Political Science from The University of Western Ontario, 2009 (“Maintaining the Superiority of America's Defense Industrial Base,” Heritage Foundation Backgrounder #2276, May 22nd, Available Online at http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2009/05/maintaining-the-superiority-of-americas-defense-industrial-base, Accessed 09-01-2013) America's military strength remains vital to preserving the nation's … and Marine to remain adequately prepared for a full spectrum of potential operations.
Seventh, technological leadership is key to sustain overall U.S. leadership—theoretical models and 500 years of history. Drezner 1 — Daniel Drezner, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, International Economist in the Office of International Banking and Securities at the Department of the Treasury, International Affairs Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from Stanford University, 2001 (“State Structure, Technological Leadership and The Maintenance Of Hegemony,” Review of International Studies, Volume 27, Issue 1, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Cambridge Journals Online, p. 3-5) The importance of economic growth to state power is undisputed by international … global stability, it cannot explain why technological hegemons lose their lead over time.
Eighth, U.S. leadership is the lynchpin of global stability — withdrawal opens a power vacuum that spurs conflict. Goure 13 — Daniel Goure, President of The Lexington Institute—a nonprofit public-policy research organization, Adjunct Professor in Graduate Programs at the Center for Peace and Security Studies at Georgetown University, Adjunct Professor at the National Defense University, former Deputy Director of the International Security Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, has consulted for the Departments of State, Defense and Energy, has taught or lectured at the Johns Hopkins University, the Foreign Service Institute, the National War College, the Naval War College, the Air War College, and the Inter-American Defense College, holds Masters and Ph.D. degrees in International Relations and Russian Studies from Johns Hopkins University, 2013 (“How U.S. Military Power Holds the World Together,” inFocus Quarterly—the Jewish Policy Center's journal, Volume VII, Number 2, Summer, Available Online at http://www.jewishpolicycenter.org/4397/us-military-power, Accessed 08-17-2013) The Centrality of U.S. Power There are three fundamental problems with the argument in favor of abandoning … and growing threats to security at home.
Ninth, U.S. leadership is vital and sustainable — the right policies will prevent decline. Lieber 13 — Robert J. Lieber, Professor of Government and International Affairs at Georgetown University, has held fellowships from the Guggenheim, Rockefeller and Ford Foundations, the Council on Foreign Relations, and the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, holds a Ph.D. from the Department of Government at Harvard University, 2013 (“Against the Idea of American Decline,” inFocus Quarterly—the Jewish Policy Center's journal, Volume VII, Number 2, Summer, Available Online at http://www.jewishpolicycenter.org/4398/american-decline, Accessed 08-17-2013) The stakes are immense, and not only for America itself. Since World … a resilience that has proved invaluable in the past and is likely to do so in the future.
Finally, U.S. hegemony ensures global peace — there’s no replacement. Thayer 13 — Bradley A. Thayer, Tenured Professor and Head of the Department of Political Science at Utah State University, former Professor of Political Science at Baylor University and Associate Professor of Defense and Strategic Studies at Missouri State University, holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Chicago, 2013 (“Humans, Not Angels: Reasons to Doubt the Decline of War Thesis,” in “The Decline of War”—a Forum edited by Nils Petter Gleditsch, International Studies Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, September, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Wiley Online Library) The Importance of the System and the Distribution of Power Pinker adopts a unit level approach to his study, … relative power changes and not to the benefit of the United States.
Advantage Two: Trade Leadership
First, U.S. global trade leadership is waning. Reinvigorating NAFTA by investing in border infrastructure is necessary to reverse this trend. McLarty 12/15 — Thomas F. "Mack" McLarty, former White House Chief of Staff for President Bill Clinton, recipient of the Secretary of State’s Distinguished Service Medal and the Center for the Study of the Presidency Distinguished Service Award, 2013 (“It's Time for NAFTA 2.0,” Wall Street Journal, December 15th, Available Online at http://thedialogue.org/page.cfm?pageID=32andpubID=3455, Accessed 01-14-2014) Yet today the U.S. and the region are facing a changing international … an opportunity for another bipartisan moment in Washington.
Second, border investment via the U.S.-Mexico High Level Economic Dialogue builds trade momentum and reinvigorates trade leadership — it’s key to the success of the Trans-Pacific Partnership and Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership. COA 1/10 — The Council of the Americas, 2014 (“Comments on the U.S.-Mexico High Level Economic Dialogue,” January 10th, Available Online at http://www.as-coa.org/articles/comments-us-mexico-high-level-economic-dialogue, Accessed 01-15-2014) The Council of the Americas (Council) appreciates this opportunity to provide comments concerning the U.S.-Mexico High Level Economic Dialogue (HLED), particularly on the third pillar, Partnering for Regional and Global Leadership. The Council … Department of Commerce for the opportunity to submit these comments and offers itself as a continued resource for the HLED.
Third, U.S. global trade leadership through the TPP and TTIP is vital to global security. The certainty of the plan signals America’s commitment to free trade — it’s key to the economy, competitiveness, soft power, and transatlantic relations. Heywood 10/15 — Marcela Heywood, Intern at the National Security Network, 2013 (“TPP, TTIP and Getting America's Competitiveness Back on Track,” Democracy Arsenal—a scholarly blog about foreign policy from the National Security Network, October 15th, Available Online at http://www.democracyarsenal.org/2013/10/tpp-ttip-and-getting-americas-competitiveness-back-on-track.html, Accessed 01-15-2014) Last week’s Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit in Bali, Indonesia marked further progress for the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and set an ambitious goal to finish negotiations by the end of the year. Although the U.S. government shutdown – and President Obama’s absence in Bali – did not hinder the trade talks, it did call America’s credibility into question. Government shutdown could threaten both TPP and … the structure of the international system in the 21st century.
Fourth, trade leadership accesses every major impact — revitalizing NAFTA is key. Dreier 1/15 — David Dreier, Chairman of The Annenberg-Dreier Commission at Sunnylands—a commission promoting trade with an advisory board comprised of distinguished public servants and diplomats including Jon Huntsman—former U.S. Ambassador to China, Thomas F. "Mack" McLarty, III—former White House Chief of Staff, Madeleine Albright—former U.S. Secretary of State, Henry Kissinger—former U.S. Secretary of State, and Robert Zoellick—former World Bank president, served as a Member of the United States House of Representatives from 1981 to 2013 (R-CA), 2014 (“NAFTA at Twenty: Accomplishments, Challenges, and the Way Forward,” Testimony Before The Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere of the Committee on Foreign Affairs in the U.S. House of Representatives, January 15th, Available Online at http://docs.house.gov/meetings/FA/FA07/20140115/101650/HHRG-113-FA07-Wstate-DreierD-20140115.pdf, Accessed 01-16-2014, p. 2-3) Mr. Chairman, today's hearing is timely. There is a ripe… , perhaps more than on any other issue, may determine how the promise of the 21st century plays out for our people and the world.
Finally, any alternative to U.S. trade leadership collapses the international system and sparks nuclear war. Panzner 7— Michael J. Panzner, Faculty Member specializing in Equities, Trading, Global Capital Markets and Technical Analysis at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and J.P. Morgan Chase, 2007 (“Geopolitics,” Financial Armageddon: Protecting Your Future from Four Impending Catastrophes, Published by Kaplan Publishing, ISBN 141959608X, p. 130-138) With the United States losing its place at the head of the economic ….forcing many Americans to wonder when, or if, it will ever end.
