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Entry
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1ac- Octos- TOC
Tournament: Tournament of Companions | Round: Octas | Opponent: Centennial KK | Judge: Murrilo, Leonardi, Hayley-Hill The girls body turned up in a vacant lot in Colonia Las Flores. She AND everything looked different. (Roberto Bolaño, 2666)
Roberto Bolaño’s 2666 tells the story of femicides in the border-town of Santa Teresa during the time of the Maquiladora. Our reading of 2666 seeks to examine the intersections and entanglements of class, race, and the state in economic engagement with Mexico. Laura Reinares explains… Reinares 2010 (Laura Barberán, “Globalized Philomels: State Patriarchy, Transnational Capital, and the Femicides on the US-Mexican Border in Roberto Bolaño's 2666,” South Atlantic Review, Vol. 75, No. 4 (Fall 2010), pp. 51-72) American readers may remember the dreadful case of a female jogger raped in Central Park AND "unimportant" rape victims, they are poor and they are dark.
What these femicides reveal is that death is a required input of economic growth. The refusal of the US and Mexico to engage the question of femicide and resolve responsibility for maquiladora murders actively conceals the ontological condition of femicide that haunts neoliberalism. Grant Farred cautions… Farred 2010 – a native of South Africa, is a professor of Africana Studies and English at Cornell University. He has previously taught at Williams College, the University of Michigan, and Duke University. He has written several books and served for eight years as editor of South Atlantic Quarterly, and is a leading figure in contemporary African-American Studies, Cultural Studies, and Postcolonial Studies. (Grant, “The Impossible Closing: Death, Neoliberalism, And The Postcolonial In Bolaño's 2666,” Modern Fiction Studies56.4 (Winter 2010): 689-708,837) It is this postcolonial proclivity for redressing this tragic misreading of history that, as AND can death not be the only prism through which the postcolonial is thought?
In Santa Teresa there is no resolution to femicide. Rather, femicide is considered ordinary and thought to be a collateral damage of economic growth. Its perpetual condition demonstrates that death is always present in the time of neoliberalism. Thus, our task is to resolve the maquiladora murders. Farred continues… Farred 2010 – a native of South Africa, is a professor of Africana Studies and English at Cornell University. He has previously taught at Williams College, the University of Michigan, and Duke University. He has written several books and served for eight years as editor of South Atlantic Quarterly, and is a leading figure in contemporary African-American Studies, Cultural Studies, and Postcolonial Studies. (Grant, “The Impossible Closing: Death, Neoliberalism, And The Postcolonial In Bolaño's 2666,” Modern Fiction Studies56.4 (Winter 2010): 689-708,837) However, to pronounce death thinkable is to do no more than acknowledge its cognitive AND Mexican nation ensnared in and by the catastrophic workings of neoliberal capital.3
The task of resolving the maquiladora murders reveals that there can be no solution to global femicide without holding institutions accountable as possible suspects or causes of death. Our unique form of engagement with 2666 critically examines institutional violence in order to conceive of a time and place outside of the scene of death. Farred continues… Farred 2010 – a native of South Africa, is a professor of Africana Studies and English at Cornell University. He has previously taught at Williams College, the University of Michigan, and Duke University. He has written several books and served for eight years as editor of South Atlantic Quarterly, and is a leading figure in contemporary African-American Studies, Cultural Studies, and Postcolonial Studies. (Grant, “The Impossible Closing: Death, Neoliberalism, And The Postcolonial In Bolaño's 2666,” Modern Fiction Studies56.4 (Winter 2010): 689-708,837) The event is, by its very nature, the critical moment within the process AND -and time that is unto itself, unto the unknowable death alone.
The United States federal government should resolve economic engagement with Santa Teresa, Mexico.
Maquiladora murders are perpetuated by the refusal of the US to confront everyday forms of violence and death in Santa Teresa. To resolve economic engagement in the time of the maquiladora is to acknowledge complicity in femicide.
As students, locating death in economic engagement with Mexico opens the possibility of the university “to-come” as a site of resistance to and freedom from neoliberal domination. Tram Nguyen posits that… Nguyen 2012 – American University in Dubai (Tram, “Traveling Sovereignty: Counter-crossing Bolaño with Derrida,” The Comparatist36 (May 2012): 24-42) *edited for gendered language Furthermore, in "The University Without Condition," Derrida puts on the line the AND ). None of these entities is willing to confront the deaths head on.
Kat and I believe that the judge should vote for the team that best narrates a place and time outside of neoliberalism.
Our deployment of 2666 challenges governmentality’s reliance on individual subjectivation to sustain itself. Furthermore, the 1AC functions as a form of intersubjective economic engagement that challenges neoliberal attempts to commodify educational spaces. Sue Saltmarsh argues… Saltmarsh 2011 – Associate Professor of Educational Studies at the Australian Catholic University (Sue, “Economic Subjectivities in Higher Education: Self, Policy and Practice in the Knowledge Economy,” Cultural Studies Review volume 17 number 2) I understand educational and economic discourses and the promises they both¶ offer and withhold AND encounters of educational participation are disciplined through their metaphoric tethering to economic participation.
4/28/14
1ac- Rd 2- TOC
Tournament: Tournament of Campanions | Round: 2 | Opponent: Westminster LS | Judge: Oddo Juarez, across the Stanton Street Bridge, where the trash has settled becoming thick and oily in the sun, where you run your fingers along the rail and bring them up oxidized the beautiful black of coal, of stoves, of mines they found three girls, dead, link by a necklace of barbed wire, around them like a sham feast emptied oil in paper cups, newspapers spread like place mats, today's tabloids No tourists across the bridge except the grifos, the young who still pretend to be in love with death. I, too, used to be able to find what is beautiful in all this lucent despair. Today I despise my own sincerity my face as in a photograph, clean scrubbed hair combed and gelled. This is what you must do to survive: ...Do not attempt to gather things of value, the bright smooth-face televisions, The glossy shoes with high heels. Hoard only objects which will tell them nothing of who you are or where you came from.
From “How to be a Maquiladora” In How to be a Maquiladora, however, Black departs from the subject of disability to reveal another side of her experience. This slim volume of poetry portrays life in the borderlands between her home of Las Cruces, New Mexico and the Mexican border
Referring to the role of the beauty pageants, a former "Miss maquiladora" AND FN253-- Chela Delgado, former group chief at an electronics assembly plant
Women on the border, 2k
These rapes in Juarez are considered legitimate- the circumstances for which were created under the state LAURA BARBERÁN REINARES 10 ("Globalized Philomels: State Patriarchy, Transnational Capital, and the Femicides on the US-Mexican Border in Roberto Bolaño’s 2666" South Atlantic Review: The Journal of the Modern Language Association 75.4 (Fall 2010): 51-72.) “The U.S.-Mexican border es una herida abierta is an AND “unimportant” rape victims, they are poor and they are dark.
There women’s bodies are viewed as disposable – replicated role in the home and low wages Sierra Jorgenson, 04. http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/sci_cult/courses/knowbody/f04/web2/sjorgensen.html In a changing economic and political climate gender stereotypes in Juárez, Mexico refuse to AND either until views change or the women step back into their prescribed roles.
Maquiladoras rely on a disposable work force of women – high turnover rate reflects unrealistic expectations about workers’ bodies – this disposability generates a culture of femicide without escape gilDa Rodríguez, Dec 2010 (gilda rodríguez is a doctoral student in the Political Science department. She specializes in political theory and race, ethnicity, and politics, and is a Women’s Studies concentrator. Her dissertation focuses on the practices of political membership of indigenous Mexican migrants to the united States. She received a CSW travel grant, which that enabled her to present her paper “From Misogyny to Murder: everyday Sexism and Femicide in Cross-Cultural Context” at the 2010 meeting of the Western Political Science association., “From Misogyny to Murder”, http://www.csw.ucla.edu/publications/newsletters/2010-2011/article-pdfs/DEC2010_Gilda.pdf emoticon_smile
The maquiladora model is built on a conception of its workers as disposable. The AND and the femicides, continue to be an important player in the city’s economy
Export-oriented economic zones disable and disempower women, ultimately forcing them into direct and indirect forms of prostitution – the gender and racial dimensions of these policies are ignored in economic calculations Stienstra 96 (Madonna/Whore, Pimp /Protector: International Law and Organization Related to Prostitution, Deborah Stienstra is Professor of Politics at the University of Winnipeg)hhs-sh Prostitution for military personnel as well as for sex tour- ists has been enhanced AND in which this type of economic development has fostered gendered and racialized relations. Explicit analysis of gender relations is absent in most economic decisions – illuminating the connection between economic and women’s issues is critical to changing harmful policies Elson 93, Diane, “Gender Relations and Economic Issues,” Focus on Gender , Vol. 1, No. 3, Macroeconomic Policy and Gender Relations; Income Generation Projects and Empowerment (Oct., 1993), pp. 6-12 http://www.jstor.org/stable/4030260
MOST ECONOMIC ISSUES are discussed, at both technical and popular levels, in ways AND to empower women to enter more effectively into the discussion of economic issues. Plan: We should critically analyze gender relations implicit in economic engagement with Mexico.
We must use this debate round to redefine the traditional role of the intellectual in order to reject male centric ways of knowing the world. Our 1AC is a starting point by which the Latin American woman can be empowered both within the political sphere and social realm Miller 2002 (Nicola Miller, “Recasting the role of the intellectual: Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral,” Feminist Review, 2002)
The term 'intellectual' has tended to exclude women by definition. In its most influential AND as an extension of the home) (Castro-Klaren, 1991).
Our 1AC creates a new political imagination by which we can struggle against repressive regimes and reconstructing gender roles to engage in transformative politics Lopez 97 (Francie R. Chassen-López, From Casa to Calle: Latin American Women Transforming Patriarchal Spaces, Journal of Women's History, Volume 9, Number 1, Spring 1997, pp. 174-191 (Article), CP) Chilean writer Marjorie Agosin attempts to characterize the process of how "ordinary women succeeded AND new political agency is reconstructing gender roles which in turn is transforming politics.
As debaters, intellectuals, and citizens reliant on public discourse our only option is to critically analyze gender relations implicit in economic engagement – higher education is the only form of critical engagement left- but it’s threatened by ongoing corporatization policy. Only the plan can politicize the debate-space and infuse the ballot with concrete political meaning Giroux 11 Henry A. Giroux, Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 21 November 2011, “Occupy Colleges Now: Students as the New Public Intellectuals”
Finding our way to a more humane future demands a new politics, a new AND cultural conditions that are essential both to their future and to democracy itself.
A gendered lens is critical to expose socially constructed and culturally embedded systems of oppression Woehrle and Engelmann 8 (Lynne M Woehrle and Donna Engelmann. Gender Studies. In Lester Kurtz (Editor-in-Chief), Vol. 2 of Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict, 3 vols. pp. 859-868 Oxford: Elsevier, http://www.mtmary.edu/pdfs/academics/faculty/woehrle-genderstudies.pdf)hhs-sh Bringing gender studies into research on violence, peace, and conflict is essential. AND us a more complete view of the issues and events that we study.
The exploitation of the Latin American woman underlies the basis by which to combat hierarchal systems of domination that manifest themselves in the form of racism, classism, and material exploitation. Criticisms such as the 1AC are capable of creating grassroots movements and coalitions to encourage new models of economic analysis Lopez 97 (Francie R. Chassen-López, From Casa to Calle: Latin American Women Transforming Patriarchal Spaces, Journal of Women's History, Volume 9, Number 1, Spring 1997, pp. 174-191 (Article), CP) But, explains Teresa Tula, Latin American women "are fighting for our rights AND engendering new units of economic analysis, has undeniably transformed politics as usual.
Injecting gender issues into economic calculations is critical to combat gendered violence Sweet and Escalante 10 (Elizabeth L., visiting assistant professor in the Department of Geography and Urban Studies at Temple University. Sara Ortiz, a gender equity consultant and a researcher on women's safety based in Barcelona, Spain, “HOW PLANNING ENGAGES GENDER VIOLENCE: EVIDENCE FROM SPAIN, MEXICO AND THE U.S.,” http://www.eslarp.uiuc.edu/courses/FAA20391_Spring10/Sweet_How20planning20engages20gender20violence.pdf)hhs-sh In Mexico, multiple strategies were invoked to respond to gender violence. However, AND violence in these cities has been reduced as a result of these actions.
The problem can’t be resolved without examining the de-valuing of womens’ lives – regulation alone can’t solve Guzmán, and Gaspar de Alba, 10’ (Guzmán G, Gaspar de Alba A. Making A Killing : Femicide, Free Trade, And La Frontera e-book. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press; 2010. Available from: eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), Ipswich, MA. Accessed July 22, 2013. emoticon_smile When I attended the UCLA “Maquiladora Murders” Conference, I was one of AND gender violence and murder? Is this so unlikely a scenario for accountability?
Women who speak out in mexico are attacked, raped, or murdered- the state and media manipulation make the aff a prereq and necessitate our reading of it in the debate space (Laura Carlsen is Director of the Americas Program, cipamericas.org and a Consultant for Just Associates (JASS). Just Associates (JASS) Mesoamerica: http://www.justassociates.org/meso/index.htm¶ JASS International: http://www.justassociates.org/¶ Open Democracy: 16 Days of Action Against Gender Violence¶ Nobel Women’s Initiative: 16 Days of Activism to End Gender Violence¶ ¶ Photos: Prensa Libre¶ ¶ Source: Americas Program www.cipamericas.org¶ http://alainet.org/active/60271andlang=es 2012-12-12. “Killing the Messenger: Attacks Rise on Women Human Rights Defenders”) Juventina Villa knew her days were numbered. A leader of an environmental organization in AND They are our defense of the present, and guarantee for the future.
4/26/14
1ac- Rd 3- TOC
Tournament: Tournament of Companions | Round: 3 | Opponent: McDonogh RE | Judge: Toby Whisenhunt Juarez, across the Stanton Street Bridge, where the trash has settled becoming thick and oily in the sun, where you run your fingers along the rail and bring them up oxidized the beautiful black of coal, of stoves, of mines they found three girls, dead, link by a necklace of barbed wire, around them like a sham feast emptied oil in paper cups, newspapers spread like place mats, today's tabloids No tourists across the bridge except the grifos, the young who still pretend to be in love with death. I, too, used to be able to find what is beautiful in all this lucent despair. Today I despise my own sincerity my face as in a photograph, clean scrubbed hair combed and gelled. This is what you must do to survive: ...Do not attempt to gather things of value, the bright smooth-face televisions, The glossy shoes with high heels. Hoard only objects which will tell them nothing of who you are or where you came from.
From “How to be a Maquiladora” In How to be a Maquiladora, however, Black departs from the subject of disability to reveal another side of her experience. This slim volume of poetry portrays life in the borderlands between her home of Las Cruces, New Mexico and the Mexican border
Referring to the role of the beauty pageants, a former "Miss maquiladora" AND FN253-- Chela Delgado, former group chief at an electronics assembly plant
Women on the border, 2k
These rapes in Juarez are considered legitimate- the circumstances for which were created under the state LAURA BARBERÁN REINARES 10 ("Globalized Philomels: State Patriarchy, Transnational Capital, and the Femicides on the US-Mexican Border in Roberto Bolaño’s 2666" South Atlantic Review: The Journal of the Modern Language Association 75.4 (Fall 2010): 51-72.) “The U.S.-Mexican border es una herida abierta is an AND “unimportant” rape victims, they are poor and they are dark.
There women’s bodies are viewed as disposable – replicated role in the home and low wages Sierra Jorgenson, 04. http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/sci_cult/courses/knowbody/f04/web2/sjorgensen.html In a changing economic and political climate gender stereotypes in Juárez, Mexico refuse to AND either until views change or the women step back into their prescribed roles.
Maquiladoras rely on a disposable work force of women – high turnover rate reflects unrealistic expectations about workers’ bodies – this disposability generates a culture of femicide without escape gilDa Rodríguez, Dec 2010 (gilda rodríguez is a doctoral student in the Political Science department. She specializes in political theory and race, ethnicity, and politics, and is a Women’s Studies concentrator. Her dissertation focuses on the practices of political membership of indigenous Mexican migrants to the united States. She received a CSW travel grant, which that enabled her to present her paper “From Misogyny to Murder: everyday Sexism and Femicide in Cross-Cultural Context” at the 2010 meeting of the Western Political Science association., “From Misogyny to Murder”, http://www.csw.ucla.edu/publications/newsletters/2010-2011/article-pdfs/DEC2010_Gilda.pdf emoticon_smile
The maquiladora model is built on a conception of its workers as disposable. The AND and the femicides, continue to be an important player in the city’s economy
Export-oriented economic zones disable and disempower women, ultimately forcing them into direct and indirect forms of prostitution – the gender and racial dimensions of these policies are ignored in economic calculations Stienstra 96 (Madonna/Whore, Pimp /Protector: International Law and Organization Related to Prostitution, Deborah Stienstra is Professor of Politics at the University of Winnipeg)hhs-sh Prostitution for military personnel as well as for sex tour- ists has been enhanced AND in which this type of economic development has fostered gendered and racialized relations. Explicit analysis of gender relations is absent in most economic decisions – illuminating the connection between economic and women’s issues is critical to changing harmful policies Elson 93, Diane, “Gender Relations and Economic Issues,” Focus on Gender , Vol. 1, No. 3, Macroeconomic Policy and Gender Relations; Income Generation Projects and Empowerment (Oct., 1993), pp. 6-12 http://www.jstor.org/stable/4030260
MOST ECONOMIC ISSUES are discussed, at both technical and popular levels, in ways AND to empower women to enter more effectively into the discussion of economic issues. Plan: We should critically analyze gender relations implicit in economic engagement with Mexico.
We must use this debate round to redefine the traditional role of the intellectual in order to reject male centric ways of knowing the world. Our 1AC is a starting point by which the Latin American woman can be empowered both within the political sphere and social realm Miller 2002 (Nicola Miller, “Recasting the role of the intellectual: Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral,” Feminist Review, 2002)
The term 'intellectual' has tended to exclude women by definition. In its most influential AND as an extension of the home) (Castro-Klaren, 1991).
Our 1AC creates a new political imagination by which we can struggle against repressive regimes and reconstructing gender roles to engage in transformative politics Lopez 97 (Francie R. Chassen-López, From Casa to Calle: Latin American Women Transforming Patriarchal Spaces, Journal of Women's History, Volume 9, Number 1, Spring 1997, pp. 174-191 (Article), CP) Chilean writer Marjorie Agosin attempts to characterize the process of how "ordinary women succeeded AND new political agency is reconstructing gender roles which in turn is transforming politics.
As debaters, intellectuals, and citizens reliant on public discourse our only option is to critically analyze gender relations implicit in economic engagement – higher education is the only form of critical engagement left- but it’s threatened by ongoing corporatization policy. Only the plan can politicize the debate-space and infuse the ballot with concrete political meaning Giroux 11 Henry A. Giroux, Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 21 November 2011, “Occupy Colleges Now: Students as the New Public Intellectuals”
Finding our way to a more humane future demands a new politics, a new AND cultural conditions that are essential both to their future and to democracy itself.
A gendered lens is critical to expose socially constructed and culturally embedded systems of oppression Woehrle and Engelmann 8 (Lynne M Woehrle and Donna Engelmann. Gender Studies. In Lester Kurtz (Editor-in-Chief), Vol. 2 of Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict, 3 vols. pp. 859-868 Oxford: Elsevier, http://www.mtmary.edu/pdfs/academics/faculty/woehrle-genderstudies.pdf)hhs-sh Bringing gender studies into research on violence, peace, and conflict is essential. AND us a more complete view of the issues and events that we study.
The exploitation of the Latin American woman underlies the basis by which to combat hierarchal systems of domination that manifest themselves in the form of racism, classism, and material exploitation. Criticisms such as the 1AC are capable of creating grassroots movements and coalitions to encourage new models of economic analysis Lopez 97 (Francie R. Chassen-López, From Casa to Calle: Latin American Women Transforming Patriarchal Spaces, Journal of Women's History, Volume 9, Number 1, Spring 1997, pp. 174-191 (Article), CP) But, explains Teresa Tula, Latin American women "are fighting for our rights AND engendering new units of economic analysis, has undeniably transformed politics as usual.
Injecting gender issues into economic calculations is critical to combat gendered violence Sweet and Escalante 10 (Elizabeth L., visiting assistant professor in the Department of Geography and Urban Studies at Temple University. Sara Ortiz, a gender equity consultant and a researcher on women's safety based in Barcelona, Spain, “HOW PLANNING ENGAGES GENDER VIOLENCE: EVIDENCE FROM SPAIN, MEXICO AND THE U.S.,” http://www.eslarp.uiuc.edu/courses/FAA20391_Spring10/Sweet_How20planning20engages20gender20violence.pdf)hhs-sh In Mexico, multiple strategies were invoked to respond to gender violence. However, AND violence in these cities has been reduced as a result of these actions.
The problem can’t be resolved without examining the de-valuing of womens’ lives – regulation alone can’t solve Guzmán, and Gaspar de Alba, 10’ (Guzmán G, Gaspar de Alba A. Making A Killing : Femicide, Free Trade, And La Frontera e-book. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press; 2010. Available from: eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), Ipswich, MA. Accessed July 22, 2013. emoticon_smile When I attended the UCLA “Maquiladora Murders” Conference, I was one of AND gender violence and murder? Is this so unlikely a scenario for accountability?
Women who speak out in mexico are attacked, raped, or murdered- the state and media manipulation make the aff a prereq and necessitate our reading of it in the debate space (Laura Carlsen is Director of the Americas Program, cipamericas.org and a Consultant for Just Associates (JASS). Just Associates (JASS) Mesoamerica: http://www.justassociates.org/meso/index.htm¶ JASS International: http://www.justassociates.org/¶ Open Democracy: 16 Days of Action Against Gender Violence¶ Nobel Women’s Initiative: 16 Days of Activism to End Gender Violence¶ ¶ Photos: Prensa Libre¶ ¶ Source: Americas Program www.cipamericas.org¶ http://alainet.org/active/60271andlang=es 2012-12-12. “Killing the Messenger: Attacks Rise on Women Human Rights Defenders”) Juventina Villa knew her days were numbered. A leader of an environmental organization in AND They are our defense of the present, and guarantee for the future.
4/26/14
1ac- Rd 5- TOC
Tournament: Tournament of Companions | Round: 5 | Opponent: GBS CM | Judge: Rob Berry Juarez, across the Stanton Street Bridge, where the trash has settled becoming thick and oily in the sun, where you run your fingers along the rail and bring them up oxidized the beautiful black of coal, of stoves, of mines they found three girls, dead, link by a necklace of barbed wire, around them like a sham feast emptied oil in paper cups, newspapers spread like place mats, today's tabloids No tourists across the bridge except the grifos, the young who still pretend to be in love with death. I, too, used to be able to find what is beautiful in all this lucent despair. Today I despise my own sincerity my face as in a photograph, clean scrubbed hair combed and gelled. This is what you must do to survive: ...Do not attempt to gather things of value, the bright smooth-face televisions, The glossy shoes with high heels. Hoard only objects which will tell them nothing of who you are or where you came from.
From “How to be a Maquiladora” In How to be a Maquiladora, however, Black departs from the subject of disability to reveal another side of her experience. This slim volume of poetry portrays life in the borderlands between her home of Las Cruces, New Mexico and the Mexican border
Referring to the role of the beauty pageants, a former "Miss maquiladora" AND FN253-- Chela Delgado, former group chief at an electronics assembly plant
Women on the border, 2k
These rapes in Juarez are considered legitimate- the circumstances for which were created under the state LAURA BARBERÁN REINARES 10 ("Globalized Philomels: State Patriarchy, Transnational Capital, and the Femicides on the US-Mexican Border in Roberto Bolaño’s 2666" South Atlantic Review: The Journal of the Modern Language Association 75.4 (Fall 2010): 51-72.) “The U.S.-Mexican border es una herida abierta is an AND “unimportant” rape victims, they are poor and they are dark.
There women’s bodies are viewed as disposable – replicated role in the home and low wages Sierra Jorgenson, 04. http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/sci_cult/courses/knowbody/f04/web2/sjorgensen.html In a changing economic and political climate gender stereotypes in Juárez, Mexico refuse to AND either until views change or the women step back into their prescribed roles.
Maquiladoras rely on a disposable work force of women – high turnover rate reflects unrealistic expectations about workers’ bodies – this disposability generates a culture of femicide without escape gilDa Rodríguez, Dec 2010 (gilda rodríguez is a doctoral student in the Political Science department. She specializes in political theory and race, ethnicity, and politics, and is a Women’s Studies concentrator. Her dissertation focuses on the practices of political membership of indigenous Mexican migrants to the united States. She received a CSW travel grant, which that enabled her to present her paper “From Misogyny to Murder: everyday Sexism and Femicide in Cross-Cultural Context” at the 2010 meeting of the Western Political Science association., “From Misogyny to Murder”, http://www.csw.ucla.edu/publications/newsletters/2010-2011/article-pdfs/DEC2010_Gilda.pdf emoticon_smile
The maquiladora model is built on a conception of its workers as disposable. The AND and the femicides, continue to be an important player in the city’s economy
Export-oriented economic zones disable and disempower women, ultimately forcing them into direct and indirect forms of prostitution – the gender and racial dimensions of these policies are ignored in economic calculations Stienstra 96 (Madonna/Whore, Pimp /Protector: International Law and Organization Related to Prostitution, Deborah Stienstra is Professor of Politics at the University of Winnipeg)hhs-sh Prostitution for military personnel as well as for sex tour- ists has been enhanced AND in which this type of economic development has fostered gendered and racialized relations. Explicit analysis of gender relations is absent in most economic decisions – illuminating the connection between economic and women’s issues is critical to changing harmful policies Elson 93, Diane, “Gender Relations and Economic Issues,” Focus on Gender , Vol. 1, No. 3, Macroeconomic Policy and Gender Relations; Income Generation Projects and Empowerment (Oct., 1993), pp. 6-12 http://www.jstor.org/stable/4030260
MOST ECONOMIC ISSUES are discussed, at both technical and popular levels, in ways AND to empower women to enter more effectively into the discussion of economic issues. Plan: We should critically analyze gender relations implicit in economic engagement with Mexico.
We must use this debate round to redefine the traditional role of the intellectual in order to reject male centric ways of knowing the world. Our 1AC is a starting point by which the Latin American woman can be empowered both within the political sphere and social realm Miller 2002 (Nicola Miller, “Recasting the role of the intellectual: Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral,” Feminist Review, 2002)
The term 'intellectual' has tended to exclude women by definition. In its most influential AND as an extension of the home) (Castro-Klaren, 1991).
Our 1AC creates a new political imagination by which we can struggle against repressive regimes and reconstructing gender roles to engage in transformative politics Lopez 97 (Francie R. Chassen-López, From Casa to Calle: Latin American Women Transforming Patriarchal Spaces, Journal of Women's History, Volume 9, Number 1, Spring 1997, pp. 174-191 (Article), CP) Chilean writer Marjorie Agosin attempts to characterize the process of how "ordinary women succeeded AND new political agency is reconstructing gender roles which in turn is transforming politics.
As debaters, intellectuals, and citizens reliant on public discourse our only option is to critically analyze gender relations implicit in economic engagement – higher education is the only form of critical engagement left- but it’s threatened by ongoing corporatization policy. Only the plan can politicize the debate-space and infuse the ballot with concrete political meaning Giroux 11 Henry A. Giroux, Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 21 November 2011, “Occupy Colleges Now: Students as the New Public Intellectuals”
Finding our way to a more humane future demands a new politics, a new AND cultural conditions that are essential both to their future and to democracy itself.
A gendered lens is critical to expose socially constructed and culturally embedded systems of oppression Woehrle and Engelmann 8 (Lynne M Woehrle and Donna Engelmann. Gender Studies. In Lester Kurtz (Editor-in-Chief), Vol. 2 of Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict, 3 vols. pp. 859-868 Oxford: Elsevier, http://www.mtmary.edu/pdfs/academics/faculty/woehrle-genderstudies.pdf)hhs-sh Bringing gender studies into research on violence, peace, and conflict is essential. AND us a more complete view of the issues and events that we study.
The exploitation of the Latin American woman underlies the basis by which to combat hierarchal systems of domination that manifest themselves in the form of racism, classism, and material exploitation. Criticisms such as the 1AC are capable of creating grassroots movements and coalitions to encourage new models of economic analysis Lopez 97 (Francie R. Chassen-López, From Casa to Calle: Latin American Women Transforming Patriarchal Spaces, Journal of Women's History, Volume 9, Number 1, Spring 1997, pp. 174-191 (Article), CP) But, explains Teresa Tula, Latin American women "are fighting for our rights AND engendering new units of economic analysis, has undeniably transformed politics as usual.
Injecting gender issues into economic calculations is critical to combat gendered violence Sweet and Escalante 10 (Elizabeth L., visiting assistant professor in the Department of Geography and Urban Studies at Temple University. Sara Ortiz, a gender equity consultant and a researcher on women's safety based in Barcelona, Spain, “HOW PLANNING ENGAGES GENDER VIOLENCE: EVIDENCE FROM SPAIN, MEXICO AND THE U.S.,” http://www.eslarp.uiuc.edu/courses/FAA20391_Spring10/Sweet_How20planning20engages20gender20violence.pdf)hhs-sh In Mexico, multiple strategies were invoked to respond to gender violence. However, AND violence in these cities has been reduced as a result of these actions.
The problem can’t be resolved without examining the de-valuing of womens’ lives – regulation alone can’t solve Guzmán, and Gaspar de Alba, 10’ (Guzmán G, Gaspar de Alba A. Making A Killing : Femicide, Free Trade, And La Frontera e-book. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press; 2010. Available from: eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), Ipswich, MA. Accessed July 22, 2013. emoticon_smile When I attended the UCLA “Maquiladora Murders” Conference, I was one of AND gender violence and murder? Is this so unlikely a scenario for accountability?
Women who speak out in mexico are attacked, raped, or murdered- the state and media manipulation make the aff a prereq and necessitate our reading of it in the debate space (Laura Carlsen is Director of the Americas Program, cipamericas.org and a Consultant for Just Associates (JASS). Just Associates (JASS) Mesoamerica: http://www.justassociates.org/meso/index.htm¶ JASS International: http://www.justassociates.org/¶ Open Democracy: 16 Days of Action Against Gender Violence¶ Nobel Women’s Initiative: 16 Days of Activism to End Gender Violence¶ ¶ Photos: Prensa Libre¶ ¶ Source: Americas Program www.cipamericas.org¶ http://alainet.org/active/60271andlang=es 2012-12-12. “Killing the Messenger: Attacks Rise on Women Human Rights Defenders”) Juventina Villa knew her days were numbered. A leader of an environmental organization in AND They are our defense of the present, and guarantee for the future.
4/27/14
1ac- Round 7 Berkeley
Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 7 | Opponent: Highland Park HS | Judge: Juarez, across the Stanton Street Bridge, where the trash has settled becoming thick and oily in the sun, where you run your fingers along the rail and bring them up oxidized the beautiful black of coal, of stoves, of mines they found three girls, dead, link by a necklace of barbed wire, around them like a sham feast emptied oil in paper cups, newspapers spread like place mats, today's tabloids No tourists across the bridge except the grifos, the young who still pretend to be in love with death. I, too, used to be able to find what is beautiful in all this lucent despair. Today I despise my own sincerity my face as in a photograph, clean scrubbed hair combed and gelled. This is what you must do to survive: ...Do not attempt to gather things of value, the bright smooth-face televisions, The glossy shoes with high heels. Hoard only objects which will tell them nothing of who you are or where you came from.
From “How to be a Maquiladora” In How to be a Maquiladora, however, Black departs from the subject of disability to reveal another side of her experience. This slim volume of poetry portrays life in the borderlands between her home of Las Cruces, New Mexico and the Mexican border
Referring to the role of the beauty pageants, a former "Miss maquiladora" AND FN253-- Chela Delgado, former group chief at an electronics assembly plant
Women on the border, 2k
These rapes in Juarez are considered legitimate- the circumstances for which were created under the state LAURA BARBERÁN REINARES 10 ("Globalized Philomels: State Patriarchy, Transnational Capital, and the Femicides on the US-Mexican Border in Roberto Bolaño’s 2666" South Atlantic Review: The Journal of the Modern Language Association 75.4 (Fall 2010): 51-72.) “The U.S.-Mexican border es una herida abierta is an AND “unimportant” rape victims, they are poor and they are dark.
There women’s bodies are viewed as disposable – replicated role in the home and low wages Sierra Jorgenson, 04. http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/sci_cult/courses/knowbody/f04/web2/sjorgensen.html In a changing economic and political climate gender stereotypes in Juárez, Mexico refuse to AND either until views change or the women step back into their prescribed roles.
Maquiladoras rely on a disposable work force of women – high turnover rate reflects unrealistic expectations about workers’ bodies – this disposability generates a culture of femicide without escape gilDa Rodríguez, Dec 2010 (gilda rodríguez is a doctoral student in the Political Science department. She specializes in political theory and race, ethnicity, and politics, and is a Women’s Studies concentrator. Her dissertation focuses on the practices of political membership of indigenous Mexican migrants to the united States. She received a CSW travel grant, which that enabled her to present her paper “From Misogyny to Murder: everyday Sexism and Femicide in Cross-Cultural Context” at the 2010 meeting of the Western Political Science association., “From Misogyny to Murder”, http://www.csw.ucla.edu/publications/newsletters/2010-2011/article-pdfs/DEC2010_Gilda.pdf
The maquiladora model is built on a conception of its workers as disposable. The AND and the femicides, continue to be an important player in the city’s economy
Export-oriented economic zones disable and disempower women, ultimately forcing them into direct and indirect forms of prostitution – the gender and racial dimensions of these policies are ignored in economic calculations Stienstra 96 (Madonna/Whore, Pimp /Protector: International Law and Organization Related to Prostitution, Deborah Stienstra is Professor of Politics at the University of Winnipeg)hhs-sh Prostitution for military personnel as well as for sex tour- ists has been enhanced AND in which this type of economic development has fostered gendered and racialized relations. Explicit analysis of gender relations is absent in most economic decisions – illuminating the connection between economic and women’s issues is critical to changing harmful policies Elson 93, Diane, “Gender Relations and Economic Issues,” Focus on Gender , Vol. 1, No. 3, Macroeconomic Policy and Gender Relations; Income Generation Projects and Empowerment (Oct., 1993), pp. 6-12 http://www.jstor.org/stable/4030260
MOST ECONOMIC ISSUES are discussed, at both technical and popular levels, in ways AND to empower women to enter more effectively into the discussion of economic issues. Plan: We should critically analyze gender relations implicit in economic engagement with Mexico.
We must use this debate round to redefine the traditional role of the intellectual in order to reject male centric ways of knowing the world. Our 1AC is a starting point by which the Latin American woman can be empowered both within the political sphere and social realm Miller 2002 (Nicola Miller, “Recasting the role of the intellectual: Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral,” Feminist Review, 2002)
The term 'intellectual' has tended to exclude women by definition. In its most influential AND as an extension of the home) (Castro-Klaren, 1991).
Our 1AC creates a new political imagination by which we can struggle against repressive regimes and reconstructing gender roles to engage in transformative politics Lopez 97 (Francie R. Chassen-López, From Casa to Calle: Latin American Women Transforming Patriarchal Spaces, Journal of Women's History, Volume 9, Number 1, Spring 1997, pp. 174-191 (Article), CP) Chilean writer Marjorie Agosin attempts to characterize the process of how "ordinary women succeeded AND new political agency is reconstructing gender roles which in turn is transforming politics.
As debaters, intellectuals, and citizens reliant on public discourse our only option is to critically analyze gender relations implicit in economic engagement – higher education is the only form of critical engagement left- but it’s threatened by ongoing corporatization policy. Only the plan can politicize the debate-space and infuse the ballot with concrete political meaning Giroux 11 Henry A. Giroux, Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 21 November 2011, “Occupy Colleges Now: Students as the New Public Intellectuals”
Finding our way to a more humane future demands a new politics, a new AND cultural conditions that are essential both to their future and to democracy itself.
A gendered lens is critical to expose socially constructed and culturally embedded systems of oppression Woehrle and Engelmann 8 (Lynne M Woehrle and Donna Engelmann. Gender Studies. In Lester Kurtz (Editor-in-Chief), Vol. 2 of Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict, 3 vols. pp. 859-868 Oxford: Elsevier, http://www.mtmary.edu/pdfs/academics/faculty/woehrle-genderstudies.pdf)hhs-sh Bringing gender studies into research on violence, peace, and conflict is essential. AND us a more complete view of the issues and events that we study.
The exploitation of the Latin American woman underlies the basis by which to combat hierarchal systems of domination that manifest themselves in the form of racism, classism, and material exploitation. Criticisms such as the 1AC are capable of creating grassroots movements and coalitions to encourage new models of economic analysis Lopez 97 (Francie R. Chassen-López, From Casa to Calle: Latin American Women Transforming Patriarchal Spaces, Journal of Women's History, Volume 9, Number 1, Spring 1997, pp. 174-191 (Article), CP) But, explains Teresa Tula, Latin American women "are fighting for our rights AND engendering new units of economic analysis, has undeniably transformed politics as usual.
Injecting gender issues into economic calculations is critical to combat gendered violence Sweet and Escalante 10 (Elizabeth L., visiting assistant professor in the Department of Geography and Urban Studies at Temple University. Sara Ortiz, a gender equity consultant and a researcher on women's safety based in Barcelona, Spain, “HOW PLANNING ENGAGES GENDER VIOLENCE: EVIDENCE FROM SPAIN, MEXICO AND THE U.S.,” http://www.eslarp.uiuc.edu/courses/FAA20391_Spring10/Sweet_How20planning20engages20gender20violence.pdf)hhs-sh In Mexico, multiple strategies were invoked to respond to gender violence. However, AND violence in these cities has been reduced as a result of these actions.
The problem can’t be resolved without examining the de-valuing of womens’ lives – regulation alone can’t solve Guzmán, and Gaspar de Alba, 10’ (Guzmán G, Gaspar de Alba A. Making A Killing : Femicide, Free Trade, And La Frontera e-book. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press; 2010. Available from: eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), Ipswich, MA. Accessed July 22, 2013. When I attended the UCLA “Maquiladora Murders” Conference, I was one of AND gender violence and murder? Is this so unlikely a scenario for accountability?
Women who speak out in mexico are attacked, raped, or murdered- the state and media manipulation make the aff a prereq and necessitate our reading of it in the debate space (Laura Carlsen is Director of the Americas Program, cipamericas.org and a Consultant for Just Associates (JASS). Just Associates (JASS) Mesoamerica: http://www.justassociates.org/meso/index.htm¶ JASS International: http://www.justassociates.org/¶ Open Democracy: 16 Days of Action Against Gender Violence¶ Nobel Women’s Initiative: 16 Days of Activism to End Gender Violence¶ ¶ Photos: Prensa Libre¶ ¶ Source: Americas Program www.cipamericas.org¶ http://alainet.org/active/60271andlang=es 2012-12-12. “Killing the Messenger: Attacks Rise on Women Human Rights Defenders”) Juventina Villa knew her days were numbered. A leader of an environmental organization in AND They are our defense of the present, and guarantee for the future.
3/11/14
NAUDL 1ac- Rd 4
Tournament: NAUDL | Round: 4 | Opponent: X | Judge: X 1AC — Rice Advantage
Global price spikes for rice coming now First- it has record low acreage despite higher yields Childs 2/12 (Nathan, Economic Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, "Rice Outlook," 12 February 2014, usda01.library.cornell.edu/usda/current/RCS/RCS-02-12-2014.pdf, slim_) The 2013/14 season-average farm price (SAFP) range for U AND Missouri. Increased adoption of hybrid varieties in the South has boosted yields. Second- Asian countries want to be self sufficient growers Timmer 10-- non-resident fellow at the Center for Global Development (“The Changing Role of Rice in Asia’s Food Security”, September, C. Peter, http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/pub/2010/adb-wp15-rice-food-security.pdf) EL
The food crisis of 2007–2008 caught most of the countries in Asia unprepared AND rice market, for reasons that are easy to understand (Timmer 2010e).
The plan can solve these price spikes: The Office of Foreign Asset Control is necessary in U.S. rice industry policymaking Wagner 12—President of the Mississippi Rice Council and serve on the Board of Directors of the US Rice Producers Association (Mike, “1 Review of U.S. Agricultural Sales to Cuba: Reclaiming what was America’s Fastest Growing Rice Market from Devastation by U.S. Government Actions”, 3/11, Testimony before the Committee on Agriculture U.S. House of Representatives, http://www.usarice.com/doclib/194/40/4553.pdf) EL
Good morning Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee. I am Mike Wagner AND an exemplary record of payments for their U.S. agriculture purchases.
U.S. rice industry is dependent on the global export market ERS 11—Economic Research Service (“Consolidation and Structural Change in the U.S. Rice Sector”, April, http://www.ers.usda.gov/media/111364/rcs11d01_1_.pdf) EL
The domestic rice market is expected to expand about 1.1 percent annually from AND prices would make the U.S. uncompetitive in the global market.
Free and Open Markets Are Key to Reduced Price Volatility The US will likely benefit AND the US and South America would likely export more rice if prices remained high
The U.S. is getting outcompeted and exports are declining now—Latin America involvement is key to reinvigorate growth in the market Childs 6/14— Agricultural Economist at the United States Department of Agriculture (2013, Nathan, “Rice Outlook: U.S. Rice Exports Are Projected To Decline 9 Percent in 2013/14”, USDA, http://www.ers.usda.gov/media/1130734/rcs13f.pdf) EL
Total exports in 2013/14 remain projected at 98.0 million cwt, AND 15 percent from a year earlier and the smallest since 2006/07.
Global rice trade has nearly tripled since the mid-1980s, largely due to AND rice exported is hampered by highly protectionist policies on the part of importers.
There are a number of characteristics peculiar to world rice markets that must be considered AND with prices fluctuating more than those of other commodities (Siamwalla and Haykin).
No alternative causes rice market instabilty—rice prices are different than other commodities Childs and Kiawu 09—agricultural economists at the Economic Research Service Department of Agriculture (“Factors Behind the Rise in Global Rice Prices in 2008”, May, Nathan and James, http://www.ers.usda.gov/media/257445/rcs09d01_1_.pdf) EL
The rise in global rice prices in early 2008 coincided with a worldwide food crisis AND major importers virtually eliminate any chance of adoption of this biotechnology by exporters.
Food instability causes war Ikerd 2002 - Professor Emeritus of Agricultural Economics @ University of Missouri (John E. Ikerd, “Small Farms: The Foundation for Long-Run Food Security,” Presented at “A Time to Act: Providing Educators with Resources to Address Small Farm Issues,” sponsored by University of Illinois, Agroecology/Sustainable Agriculture Program, Effingham and Peoria, IL, Nov. 13-14, 2002, pg. http://web.missouri.edu/ikerdj/papers/IllSmall.html)
Economists argue we need not be concerned about becoming dependent upon the rest of the AND willingness and ability to ensure the sustainability of its food and farming systems.
Price changes generate both gainers and losers. When food prices rise, net sellers AND and the panic buying explain most of the international price increase for rice.
Food security is key to preventing East Asian market instability Smith 98-- Research Fellow of the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies (Paul, “FOOD SECURITY AND POLITICAL STABILITY IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION”, 9/11, http://www.apcss.org/Publications/Report_Food_Security_98.html) EL
For the Asia-Pacific region, food security is likely to emerge as a AND in poor agricultural planning or engage in other forms of food security miscalculation.
East Asian regional instability will lead to extinction- weapons build up Yee and Storey 2 Herbert is a Professor of Politics and IR @ Hong Kong Baptist University, and Ian is a Lecturer in Defence Studies @ Deakin University. “The China Threat: Perceptions, Myths and Reality,” p. 5
The fourth factor contributing to the perception of a China threat is the fear of AND disintegrating China would also pose a threat to its neighbours and the world.
1AC — Plan
The United States Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Asset Control should normalize rice trade with Cuba. 1AC — Solvency Treasury department can unilaterally normalize rice relations with Cuba Bohrer 09—reporter for the Associated Press (“US farmers, ranchers push for greater Cuba access”, 4/27, http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2009/apr/27/us-cuba-agriculture-042709/all/) EL
At least 15 senators have joined agricultural groups in calling for greater trade with Cuba AND soon. "It's going to be a slow process," Warshaw said.
Federal government perception is key—it decreases uncertainty Wagner 12—President of the Mississippi Rice Council and serve on the Board of Directors of the US Rice Producers Association (Mike, “1 Review of U.S. Agricultural Sales to Cuba: Reclaiming what was America’s Fastest Growing Rice Market from Devastation by U.S. Government Actions”, 3/11, Testimony before the Committee on Agriculture U.S. House of Representatives, http://www.usarice.com/doclib/194/40/4553.pdf) EL
THE PRESIDENT SHOULD REASSURE U.S. AGRICULTURE AND OUR CUBAN CUSTOMERS THAT THE AND not prevent U.S. agriculture from reliably supplying the Cuban market.
They can maintain the markets- The US would be able to out-compete other rice suppliers in Cuba—proximity and quality is best comparatively Taylor 04—reporter for South Central Texas Edition of Country World News (Monette, 6/4, “Texas has it; Cuba needs it: Rice trade poses several benefits”, http://www.countryworldnews.com/news-archives/SCTX/2004/sc0610ricetrade.php) EL
At the recent meeting of the Texas-Cuba Trade Alliance (TCTA) in AND the 'new kid on the block,'" said Davis in conclusion.
Cultivating relationships Companies can travel to Cuba on trade missions if they apply for a AND current system makes it very difficult to buy U.S. rice.”
Dwight Roberts, president and CEO of the U.S. Rice Producers Association AND Farmers with only rice paddies might have a harder time, he said.
Rice farming is net better for biodiversity than alternate uses of the Texan land Rister 97— Professor and Associate Department Head of the Department of Agricultural Economics at Texas AandM University (“THE TEXAS RICE INDUSTRY COALITION FOR THE ENVIRONMENT (R.I.C.E.): MAIN POINTS FROM SIX FOCUS GROUPS”, Edward, http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/handle/23971) EL
The group discussed the implications of wetland policy on rice production and on continuing urban AND they are “consumers,” and that they should help with the costs.
This is a common scene played out hundreds of times during the winter throughout the AND released from these fields enhances the streams, marshes, bays and estuaries.”
Migratory birds are critical to the global ecosystem—causes extinction FAO 14 May 2012 (the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO Statement on World Migratory Bird Day- Importance of Migratory Birds, http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/empres/news_140512.html, STONEZ)
On World Migratory Bird Day, celebrated 12-13 May this year, the AND the need for continued transdisciplinary collaboration to ensure the conservation of these species. 2). Wetlands. WFCF 12—Where Food Comes From, third-party auditors of food production (“Texas Rice”, 3/14, http://www.wherefoodcomesfrom.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=2364#.UeajRI2Tg3Q) EL
The upper Texas coast is home to most of the state’s rice production and milling AND waterfowl and shorebirds, as well as other wetland-dependent wildlife species.
Wetlands - including (inter alia) rivers, lakes, marshes, estuaries, AND transition zones between aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial ecosystems such as forests and grasslands.
4/22/14
new aff
Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Jenks | Judge: I am Not Alone The night, it is deserted from the mountains to the sea. But I, the one who rocks you, I am not alone!
The sky, it is deserted for the moon falls to the sea. But I, the one who holds you, I am not alone !
The world, it is deserted. All flesh is sad you see. But I, the one who hugs you, I am not alone!
Mistral, 10 (Gabriela Mistral' http://allpoetry.com/poem/8514631-I_am_Not_Alone-by-Gabriela_Mistral, 2010, CP) Irma Monreal like many others has experienced the loss of a loved one due to treatment of women in Ciudad Juarez. Althaus ’10 Mexico City Bureau Chief for Houston Chronicle Dudley “Ciudad Juarez Women still being Tortured by Killers” http://www.chron.com/news/nation-world/article/Ciudad-Juarez-women-still-being-tortured-by-1703010.php CIUDAD JUAREZ, Mexico — From her mountainside neighborhood of dirt streets and cramped concrete houses, Irma Monreal can…., task forces formed, suspects arrested. These rapes in Juarez are considered legitimate- the circumstances for which were created under the state LAURA BARBERÁN REINARES 10 ("Globalized Philomels: State Patriarchy, Transnational Capital, and the Femicides on the US-Mexican Border in Roberto Bolaño’s 2666" South Atlantic Review: The Journal of the Modern Language Association 75.4 (Fall 2010): 51-72.) “The U.S.-Mexican border es ……d they are dark.
Maquiladoras represent ultimate control over womens’ bodies – daily working conditions regulate menstruation, sex, health, and reproduction Pantaleo 6 (Katie Pantaleo? California University of Pennsylvania “GENDERED VIOLENCE: MURDER IN THE MAQUILADORAS”, 2006, http://www.pasocsociety.org/article2.pdf)hhs-sh
Customarily, the management of ….s such as premature births or low birth weight (Abell 1999).
Maquiladoras rely on a disposable work force of women – high turnover rate reflects unrealistic expectations about workers’ bodies – this disposability generates a culture of femicide without escape gilDa Rodríguez, Dec 2010 (gilda rodríguez is a doctoral student in the Political Science department. She specializes in political theory and race, ethnicity, and politics, and is a Women’s Studies concentrator. Her dissertation focuses on the practices of political membership of indigenous Mexican migrants to the united States. She received a CSW travel grant, which that enabled her to present her paper “From Misogyny to Murder: everyday Sexism and Femicide in Cross-Cultural Context” at the 2010 meeting of the Western Political Science association., “From Misogyny to Murder”, http://www.csw.ucla.edu/publications/newsletters/2010-2011/article-pdfs/DEC2010_Gilda.pdf
The maquiladora …..player in the city’s economy
Export-oriented economic zones disable and disempower women, ultimately forcing them into direct and indirect forms of prostitution – the gender and racial dimensions of these policies are ignored in economic calculations Stienstra 96 (Madonna/Whore, Pimp /Protector: International Law and Organization Related to Prostitution, Deborah Stienstra is Professor of Politics at the University of Winnipeg)hhs-sh Prostitution for military …..gendered and racialized relations. Explicit analysis of gender relations is absent in most economic decisions – illuminating the connection between economic and women’s issues is critical to changing harmful policies Elson 93, Diane, “Gender Relations and Economic Issues,” Focus on Gender , Vol. 1, No. 3, Macroeconomic Policy and Gender Relations; Income Generation Projects and Empowerment (Oct., 1993), pp. 6-12 http://www.jstor.org/stable/4030260
MOST ECONOMIC ISSUES are discussed….. effectively into the discussion of economic issues. Plan: We should critically analyze gender relations implicit in economic engagement with Mexico.
We must use this debate round to redefine the traditional role of the intellectual in order to reject male centric ways of knowing the world. Our 1AC is a starting point by which the Latin American woman can be empowered both within the political sphere and social realm Miller 2002 (Nicola Miller, “Recasting the role of the intellectual: Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral,” Feminist Review, 2002)
The term 'intellectual' has tended ……(working in a public space, but one customarily represented as an extension of the home) (Castro-Klaren, 1991).
Our 1AC creates a new political imagination by which we can struggle against repressive regimes and reconstructing gender roles to engage in transformative politics Lopez 97 (Francie R. Chassen-Lo?pez, From Casa to Calle: Latin American Women Transforming Patriarchal Spaces, Journal of Women's History, Volume 9, Number 1, Spring 1997, pp. 174-191 (Article), CP) Chilean writer Marjorie Agosin ……in turn is transforming politics.
As debaters, intellectuals, and citizens reliant on public discourse our only option is to critically analyze gender relations implicit in economic engagement – higher education is the only form of critical engagement left- but it’s threatened by ongoing corporatization policy. Only the plan can politicize the debate-space and infuse the ballot with concrete political meaning Giroux 11 Henry A. Giroux, Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 21 November 2011, “Occupy Colleges Now: Students as the New Public Intellectuals”
Finding our way to a ……to their future and to democracy itself.
A gendered lens is critical to expose socially constructed and culturally embedded systems of oppression Woehrle and Engelmann 8 (Lynne M Woehrle and Donna Engelmann. Gender Studies. In Lester Kurtz (Editor-in-Chief), Vol. 2 of Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict, 3 vols. pp. 859-868 Oxford: Elsevier, http://www.mtmary.edu/pdfs/academics/faculty/woehrle-genderstudies.pdf)hhs-sh Bringing gender ….. events that we study.
Injecting gender issues into economic calculations is critical to combat gendered violence Sweet and Escalante 10 (Elizabeth L., visiting assistant professor in the Department of Geography and Urban Studies at Temple University. Sara Ortiz, a gender equity consultant and a researcher on women's safety based in Barcelona, Spain, “HOW PLANNING ENGAGES GENDER VIOLENCE: EVIDENCE FROM SPAIN, MEXICO AND THE U.S.,” http://www.eslarp.uiuc.edu/courses/FAA20391_Spring10/Sweet_How20planning20engages20gender20violence.pdf)hhs-sh In Mexico, multiple strategies ….. a result of these actions.
The exploitation of the Latin American woman underlies the basis by which to combat hierarchal systems of domination that manifest themselves in the form of racism, classism, and material exploitation. Criticisms such as the 1AC are capable of creating grassroots movements and coalitions to encourage new models of economic analysis Lopez 97 (Francie R. Chassen-Lo?pez, From Casa to Calle: Latin American Women Transforming Patriarchal Spaces, Journal of Women's History, Volume 9, Number 1, Spring 1997, pp. 174-191 (Article), CP) But, explains Teresa Tula, Latin American women "……… transformed politics as usual.
9/21/13
rice aff
Tournament: Niles West | Round: 1 | Opponent: Maine East | Judge: David Gobberdiel
1AC — Texas Advantage
Texas rice industry declining now—lifting the embargo is key to industry sustainability
President-elect Barack Obama represents the future to most of the nation, but AND he said. "The way I see it, that’s the key."
Rice farming is net better for biodiversity than alternate uses of the Texan land
Rister97— Professor and Associate Department Head of the Department of Agricultural Economics at Texas A26M University ("THE TEXAS RICE INDUSTRY COALITION FOR THE ENVIRONMENT (R.I.C.E.): MAIN POINTS FROM SIX FOCUS GROUPS", Edward, http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/handle/23971) EL
The group discussed the implications of wetland policy on rice production and on continuing urban AND they are "consumers," and that they should help with the costs.
This is a common scene played out hundreds of times during the winter throughout the AND released from these fields enhances the streams, marshes, bays and estuaries."
Migratory birds are critical to the global biodiversity
On World Migratory Bird Day, celebrated 12-13 May this year, the AND the need for continued transdisciplinary collaboration to ensure the conservation of these species.
Different species within ecosystems fill particular roles, they all have a function, they AND on this planet possible and that our protection of biodiversity maintains this service.
The upper Texas coast is home to most of the state’s rice production and milling AND waterfowl and shorebirds, as well as other wetland-dependent wildlife species.
Texas is a biodiversity hotspot in bad shape now — spills over to the rest of the Great Plains.
Johnson11— Lacrecia, Ph.D., Texas Tech University (Occurrence, Function, and Conservation of Playa Wetlands: The Key to Biodiversity of the Southern Great Plains, http://www.k-state.edu/kscfwru/CompletedProjects/Wildlife/OccurrenceFunction.html) Playas form the primary wetland system in the High Plains portion of the Southern Great AND 50 m is necessary to maximize contaminant removal from runoff entering playa wetlands.
Wetlands - including (inter alia) rivers, lakes, marshes, estuaries, AND transition zones between aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial ecosystems such as forests and grasslands.
1AC — Plan
The United States Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Asset Control should normalize rice trade with Cuba.
1AC — Rice Advantage
Global price spikes coming now:
1). US rice acreage is declining—the plan is key to reverse that
The food crisis of 2007–2008 caught most of the countries in Asia unprepared AND rice market, for reasons that are easy to understand (Timmer 2010e).
The plan solves:
1). The plan is key to the US rice industry
Wagner12—President of the Mississippi Rice Council and serve on the Board of Directors of the US Rice Producers Association (Mike, "1 Review of U.S. Agricultural Sales to Cuba: Reclaiming what was America’s Fastest Growing Rice Market from Devastation by U.S. Government Actions", 3/11, Testimony before the Committee on Agriculture U.S. House of Representatives, http://www.usarice.com/doclib/194/40/4553.pdf) EL
Good morning Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee. I am Mike Wagner, a rice farmer from Sumner, Mississippi…. Cuba has continued to maintain an exemplary record of payments for their U.S. agriculture purchases.
The domestic rice market is expected to expand about 1.1 percent annually from AND prices would make the U.S. uncompetitive in the global market.
The US is getting outcompeted and exports are declining—Latin America is key
Childs6/14— Agricultural Economist at the United States Department of Agriculture (2013, Nathan, "Rice Outlook: U.S. Rice Exports Are Projected To Decline 9 Percent in 2013/14", USDA, http://www.ers.usda.gov/media/1130734/rcs13f.pdf) EL
Total exports in 2013/14 remain projected at 98.0 million cwt, AND 15 percent from a year earlier and the smallest since 2006/07.
2). Decreasing barriers to rice trade like the embargo is key to food price security
Free and Open Markets Are Key to Reduced Price Volatility The US will likely benefit AND the US and South America would likely export more rice if prices remained high
Rice trade Increasing US exports is key to market stability
Global rice trade has nearly tripled since the mid-1980s, largely due to AND rice exported is hampered by highly protectionist policies on the part of importers.
There are a number of characteristics peculiar to world rice markets that must be considered AND with prices fluctuating more than those of other commodities (Siamwalla and Haykin).
No alt causes—rice prices are different than other commodities
The rise in global rice prices in early 2008 coincided with a worldwide food crisis AND major importers virtually eliminate any chance of adoption of this biotechnology by exporters.
Generic resource war defense doesn’t apply—food is different and controlled by government policies
Price changes generate both gainers and losers. When food prices rise, net sellers AND and the panic buying explain most of the international price increase for rice.
Causes war
Ikerd 2002 - Professor Emeritus of Agricultural Economics @ University of Missouri (John E. Ikerd, "Small Farms: The Foundation for Long-Run Food Security," Presented at "A Time to Act: Providing Educators with Resources to Address Small Farm Issues," sponsored by University of Illinois, Agroecology/Sustainable Agriculture Program, Effingham and Peoria, IL, Nov. 13-14, 2002, pg. http://web.missouri.edu/ikerdj/papers/IllSmall.html)
Economists argue we need not be concerned about becoming dependent upon the rest of the AND willingness and ability to ensure the sustainability of its food and farming systems.
Food security is key to preventing East Asian instability
For the Asia-Pacific region, food security is likely to emerge as a AND in poor agricultural planning or engage in other forms of food security miscalculation.
Extinction
Yee and Storey 2 Herbert is a Professor of Politics and IR @ Hong Kong Baptist University, and Ian is a Lecturer in Defence Studies @ Deakin University. "The China Threat: Perceptions, Myths and Reality," p. 5
The fourth factor contributing to the perception of a China threat is the fear of AND disintegrating China would also pose a threat to its neighbours and the world.
At least 15 senators have joined agricultural groups in calling for greater trade with Cuba AND soon. "It’s going to be a slow process," Warshaw said.
Perception is key—decreases uncertainty
Wagner12—President of the Mississippi Rice Council and serve on the Board of Directors of the US Rice Producers Association (Mike, "1 Review of U.S. Agricultural Sales to Cuba: Reclaiming what was America’s Fastest Growing Rice Market from Devastation by U.S. Government Actions", 3/11, Testimony before the Committee on Agriculture U.S. House of Representatives, http://www.usarice.com/doclib/194/40/4553.pdf) EL
THE PRESIDENT SHOULD REASSURE U.S. AGRICULTURE AND OUR CUBAN CUSTOMERS THAT THE AND not prevent U.S. agriculture from reliably supplying the Cuban market.
Cultivating relationships Companies can travel to Cuba on trade missions if they apply for a AND current system makes it very difficult to buy U.S. rice."
The US would be able to out-compete other rice suppliers in Cuba—proximity and quality