General Actions:
Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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Golden Desert | 2 | Leland AY | Jon Voss |
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Harvard RR | 1 | GBN CH | Jon Voss |
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Harvard RR | 6 | Bishop Guertin ID | Travis Cochran |
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NDCA | 1 | Greenhill RL | Mary Marcum |
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OValley | 1 | Hooch DM | Kelly Tieu |
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OValley | 3 | Milton | Matthew Rosenblum |
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OValley | 5 | Calhoun KM | Adam Smiley |
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OValley | Doubles | Iowa City WW | Boyce, Oddo, Clark |
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OValley | Octas | Detroit | Boyce, Oddo, Brown |
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TOC | 1 | La Costa Canyon GY | Abby Schirmer |
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Tournament | Round | Report |
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Golden Desert | 2 | Opponent: Leland AY | Judge: Jon Voss 1AC - NTR (multilatethanol) |
Harvard RR | 1 | Opponent: GBN CH | Judge: Jon Voss 1AC - NTR |
Harvard RR | 6 | Opponent: Bishop Guertin ID | Judge: Travis Cochran 1AC - Ethanol |
NDCA | 1 | Opponent: Greenhill RL | Judge: Mary Marcum 1AC - NTR |
OValley | 1 | Opponent: Hooch DM | Judge: Kelly Tieu 1AC NTR |
OValley | 3 | Opponent: Milton | Judge: Matthew Rosenblum 1AC - NTR |
OValley | 5 | Opponent: Calhoun KM | Judge: Adam Smiley 1AC - NTR |
OValley | Doubles | Opponent: Iowa City WW | Judge: Boyce, Oddo, Clark 1AC - NTR |
OValley | Octas | Opponent: Detroit | Judge: Boyce, Oddo, Brown 1AC NTR |
TOC | 1 | Opponent: La Costa Canyon GY | Judge: Abby Schirmer 1AC - NTR |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Entry | Date |
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1ac cuba ntrTournament: OValley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Hooch DM | Judge: Kelly Tieu 1ACMultilatUnilateralism collapses leadership, leading to great power wars*unilateralism fails – Kupchan, 12 – Ph.D. in international relations from Oxford, Associate Professor of International Relations at Georgetown, Senior Fellow and Director of Europe Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (Charles, "Sorry, Mitt: It Won’t Be an American Century", 2/6/12, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/02/06/it_won_t_be_an_american_century?page=0,2) In an election season, such talk rolls easily off the tongue. But Romney’s Specifically, our military presence is unsustainable without a strong multilateral frameworkJones 11 – Professor of European Studies at the SAIS Bologna Center and Director of the Bologna Institute for Policy Research (Erik, "Power, Leadership and US Foreign Policy," The International Spectator, Vol. 46, No. 3, September 2011, 13–23 http://www.jhubc.it/facultypages/ejones/International_Spectator_2011.pdf) Throwing money at the Arab world is not an option. The Obama administration simply The impact is global conflict escalationBrooks, et al, 13 ~Don’t Come Home, America: The Case ¶ Assessing the Security Benefits of Deep Engagement¶ Even if deep engagement’s costs are The plan solves –First, repeal would represent a commitment to multilateralism for the international community*plan spreads multilateralism – only the removal of the embargo carries the symbolic weight of revoking previous unilateral efforts to backlash against other countries in votes during conferences in the UN In addition, the US needs to improve its international human rights reputation which was Second, the plan creates a credible model for multilateral conflict resolution —-*Symbolic gesture – changes US image At the international political level, President Obama sees resuming relations with Cuba as a That conflict model bolsters Obama’s credibility and convinces other countries to negotiate with the United StatesHinderdael, 11– M.A. candidate at SAIS Bologna Center (Klaas, "Breaking the Logjam: Obama’s Cuba Policy and a Guideline for Improved Leadership", http://bcjournal.org/volume-14/breaking-the-logjam.html?printerFriendly=true)//NG Conclusion The two countries’ histories have long been intertwined, particularly after the Monroe Doctrine Third, the plan sends a clear signal to create partnerships within Latin America and reinvigorates the OAS*Relations are distinct from partnerships – hemispheric support is key to multilat FOR most of our history, the United States assumed that its security was inextricably Increased regional standing bolsters influence in international institutions through the creation of voting blocs, allowing the US to lead multilateral forums*plan boosts influence in international institutions – re-integrates Latin American as a regional ally to counterbalance emerging economic powers and improves US diplomacy with their support Speaking in Santiago, Chile, in March of last year, President Obama called And, multilateralism leads to greater power sharing and international cooperation, resolving conflictPouliot, 11 — Professor of Political Science at McGill University (Vincent, "Multilateralism as an End in Itself", International Studies Perspectives (2011) 12, 18–26) NG Because it rests on open, nondiscriminatory debate, and the routine exchange of viewpoints Any step short of unconditional removal means won’t create the same symbol of multilateralismVivanco 6- LLM from Harvard Law School, Americas director of Humans Rights Watch This reluctance would be understandable but misguided. Most Cubans do want change. If Decline of the international system causes trading blocs and protectionism- only US leadership solves*free trade – the international order promotes free markets that allow for liberal trade policy that encourages global institutions rather than regional ones: this prevents trade blocs and rivalries. Over the past two decades, no other state has had the ability to seriously That causes great power conflicts*empirics – the Smoot Hawley act was the first action that caused a chain reaction of protectionist measures and retaliatory tariffs, it also kills developing economies and leads to violent political uprisings. Now is key – the US must actively demonstrate commitment to multilateral trade President Obama has committed to working with U.S. trade partners to avoid PlanPlan: The United States federal government should normalize its trade relations with Cuba.TransitionThe embargo collapses the economy and Raul’s reforms will collapse Cuba by widening inequality and cutting social programsBowie, 11/1/13 - Nile Bowie is a political analyst and photographer currently residing in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (Russia Today, "Isolated 26 discredited: Intransigent US policy impedes Cuba’s reforms" http://rt.com/op-edge/us-cuba-economic-benefits-089/) Despite the mutual economic benefits of normalizing ties with Cuba, the unceasing and immoral Cuban reforms are inevitable but the loss of external investment risks economic and social collapse —- offering normal trade relations is vital*unrestricted bilateral trade Cuba under Raúl Castro has entered a new period of economic, social, and The plan creates leverage to foster political reformHinderdael 2011- M.A. candidate at SAIS Bologna Center, B.A in History and Economics from University of Virginia (Klaas, "Breaking the Logjam: Obama’s Cuba Policy and a Guideline for Improved Leadership", 6/11/11, http://bcjournal.org/volume-14/breaking-the-logjam.html?printerFriendly=true, google scholar)KW Ending the embargo would also help Cubans, lowering the cost of consumer goods and Cuban instability causes terrorism and makes conflicts in hotspots around the globe more likely*Unstable radical groups use instability as a way of recruitment Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, Cuba’s And —- hotspots in North Korea, Pakistan, and Russia risk escalation to global nuclear warBosco 6 (David, Senior Editor – Foreign Policy Magazine, "Could This Be The Start of WWIII?", Los Angeles Times, 7-23, Lexis) The understanding that small but violent acts can spark global conflagration is etched into the Independently, the embargo itself overstretches the war on terrorJohnson 10 – Andy Johnson is a director in the national security program at The Third Way ("End the Embargo of Cuba", The National Security Program, 9/6/10, http://content.thirdway.org/publications/326/Third_Way_Memo_-_End_the_Embargo_of_Cuba.pdf) Keeping the embargo in place requires that the US government devote time and resources to This risks a massive global nuclear warAyson 10 (Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies – Victoria University of Wellington, "After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects", Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33(7), July, InformaWorld) But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a Normal Trade Relations is crucial for actual trade to occurFrench, 9 – editor of and a frequent contributor to The Havana Note. She has led more than two dozen research trips to Cuba (Anya, "Options for Engagement A Resource Guide for Reforming U.S. Policy toward Cuba" http://www.lexingtoninstitute.org/library/resources/documents/Cuba/USPolicy/options-for-engagement.pdf) the path to "normal" trade relations If the United States were to lift | 1/19/14 |
1ac cuba ntr golden desertTournament: Golden Desert | Round: 2 | Opponent: Leland AY | Judge: Jon Voss 1ac – multilatAnti-americanism and unilateral military policies are decimating US legitimacy, threating the American international system*unilateralism fails – Kupchan, 12 – Ph.D. in international relations from Oxford, Associate Professor of International Relations at Georgetown, Senior Fellow and Director of Europe Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (Charles, "Sorry, Mitt: It Won’t Be an American Century", 2/6/12, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/02/06/it_won_t_be_an_american_century?page=0,2) In an election season, such talk rolls easily off the tongue. But Romney’s Rising powers are challenging the international system – legitimacy is critical to safe integration The emergence of peer competitors, not terrorism, presents the greatest long-term The impact is global conflict escalationBrooks, et al, 13 ~Don’t Come Home, America: The Case ¶ Assessing the Security Benefits of Deep Engagement¶ Even if deep engagement’s costs are The plan solves –First, repeal would represent a commitment to multilateralism for the international community*plan spreads multilateralism – only the removal of the embargo carries the symbolic weight of revoking previous unilateral efforts to backlash against other countries in votes during conferences in the UN In addition, the US needs to improve its international human rights reputation which was Second, the plan creates a credible model for multilateral conflict resolution —-*Symbolic gesture – changes US image At the international political level, President Obama sees resuming relations with Cuba as a Third, the plan sends a clear signal to create partnerships within Latin America and reinvigorates the OAS*Relations are distinct from partnerships – hemispheric support is key to multilat FOR most of our history, the United States assumed that its security was inextricably Increased regional standing bolsters influence in international institutions through the creation of voting blocs, allowing the US to lead multilateral forums*plan boosts influence in international institutions – re-integrates Latin American as a regional ally to counterbalance emerging economic powers and improves US diplomacy with their support Speaking in Santiago, Chile, in March of last year, President Obama called And, multilateralism leads to greater power sharing and international cooperation, resolving conflictPouliot, 11 — Professor of Political Science at McGill University (Vincent, "Multilateralism as an End in Itself", International Studies Perspectives (2011) 12, 18–26) NG Because it rests on open, nondiscriminatory debate, and the routine exchange of viewpoints Legitimacy is critical to primacy—prevents blowback 1ac – planPlan: The United States federal government should normalize its trade relations with Cuba.1ac – ethanolThe renewable fuel standard makes corn ethanol production inevitable unless US can import Cuban sugarSoligo and Jaffe 10– Rice Scholar at the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University AND Wallace S. Wilson Fellow in Energy Studies at Rice University (Ronald and Amy Myers, "Cuba’s Energy Future Strategic Approaches to Cooperation", p. 97-101) Cuba’s Future Sugar Industry: Ethanol Scenarios The success of the Brazilian sugarcane and ethanol Scenario 1 is warming: Sugarcane-based ethanol slows warming and prevents biodiversity loss.Sugar ethanol displaces corn ethanol in the US and corn ethanol is bad – it increases demand for corn which drives up prices and incentivizes farmers to produce more. This causes them to plant corn every year which uses more nitrogen fertilizer which causes rapid warming Assuming that Cuba is able to meet all the challenges standing in the way of Warming is an existential risk – quickening reductions is key to avoiding extinctionMazo 10 – PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA Slow-down and mitigation are key – they limit the magnitude.Carnesale 11 (Albert Carnesale, PhD in Nuclear Engineering, UCLA Chancellor Emeritus, Professor of Public Policy and Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, "America’s Climate Choices," March 2011, http://dels.nas.edu/resources/static-assets/materials-based-on-reports/reports-in-brief/ACC-final-brief.pdf)In the judgment of this report’s authoring committee, the environmental, economic, and humanitarian risks posed by climate change indicate a pressing need for substantial action to limit the magnitude of climate change and to prepare for adapting to its impacts. There are many reasons why it is imprudent to delay such actions, for instance: • The sooner that serious efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions proceed, the lower the risks posed by climate change, and the less pressure there will be to make larger, more rapid, and potentially more expensive reductions later. • Some climate change impacts, once manifested, will persist for hundreds or even thousands of years, and will be difficult or impossible to "undo." In contrast, many actions taken to respond to climate change could be reversed or scaled back, if they some how prove to be more Warming is real and anthropogenic—most recent and qualified evidence provesIPCC 9/27—Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2013, http://www.ipcc.ch/news_and_events/docs/ar5/press_release_ar5_wgi_en.pdf-http://www.ipcc.ch/news_and_events/docs/ar5/press_release_ar5_wgi_en.pdf) EL Human influence on climate clear, IPCC report says STOCKHOLM, 27 September - Human *Biodiversity loss risks extinction.Raj 12 (P. J. Sanjeeva Raj, former Head of Zoology Department, Madras Christian College, "Beware the Loss of Biodiversity," The Hindu, September 23, 2012, http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/beware-the-loss-of-biodiversity/article3927062.ece) Biodiversity is so indispensable for human survival that the United Nations General Assembly has designated Scenario 2 is food prices: US corn ethanol massively increases food prices causing conflictSandoval, 13- Reporter for the Heritage Foundation citing Yaneer Bar-Yam, American physicist, systems scientist, and founding president of the New England Complex Systems Institute, which is a research institution that uses complex systems science to analyze current events such as food shortages and provide solutions. (Michael, "Ethanol Mandate Leads to Violence, Social Unrest", 2/7/13, Heritage.org, http://blog.heritage.org/2013/02/07/ethanol-mandate-leads-to-social-unrest/)//TL The conversion of corn to ethanol has contributed to a doubling in global food prices Food shortages risk widespread conflict.Klare, 12 — professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College (Michael T., "Michael T. Klare: The Hunger Wars in Our Future", 8/8/12, http://www.guernicamag.com/daily/michael-t-klare-the-hunger-wars-in-our-future/) 1ac – solvencyAny step short of unconditional removal means won’t create the same symbol of multilateralismVivanco 6- LLM from Harvard Law School, Americas director of Humans Rights Watch This reluctance would be understandable but misguided. Most Cubans do want change. If Normal Trade Relations is crucial for actual trade to occurFrench, 9 – editor of and a frequent contributor to The Havana Note. She has led more than two dozen research trips to Cuba (Anya, "Options for Engagement A Resource Guide for Reforming U.S. Policy toward Cuba" http://www.lexingtoninstitute.org/library/resources/documents/Cuba/USPolicy/options-for-engagement.pdf) the path to "normal" trade relations If the United States were to lift | 2/1/14 |
1ac cuba ntr v2Tournament: OValley | Round: Octas | Opponent: Detroit | Judge: Boyce, Oddo, Brown THE ADVANTAGE IS MULTILATERALISM Unilateralism collapses leadership, leading to great power wars*unilateralism fails – Kupchan, 12 – Ph.D. in international relations from Oxford, Associate Professor of International Relations at Georgetown, Senior Fellow and Director of Europe Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (Charles, "Sorry, Mitt: It Won’t Be an American Century", 2/6/12, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/02/06/it_won_t_be_an_american_century?page=0,2) In an election season, such talk rolls easily off the tongue. But Romney’s Multilateralism is a credible alternative – it promotes band-wagoning and international coalitions among US allies, strengthening the US-led system and reviving legitimacy*only multilateralism solves global problems, unilateralism fails for several reasons – It is misguided, however, to assume that America’s preponderant power, when combined Repeal would represent a commitment to multilateralism for the international community*plan spreads multilateralism – only the removal of the embargo carries the symbolic weight of revoking previous unilateral efforts to backlash against other countries in votes during conferences in the UN In addition, the US needs to improve its international human rights reputation which was ====The alternative to multilateralism is unilateral militarism – the plan establishes a model for hemispheric diplomacy that sustains US leadership==== Washington’s relations with Latin America—particularly in terms of the gap between what its Best statistical studies prove leadership solves war because it makes democratic peace resilient and globalization sustainable – it’s the deeper cause of proximate checks against warOwen 11 John M. Owen Professor of Politics at University of Virginia PhD from Harvard "DON’T DISCOUNT HEGEMONY" Feb 11 www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony/ Andrew Mack and his colleagues at the Human Security Report Project are to be congratulated Social science proves – power vacuums support the natural incentive to seek status by fightingWohlforth 09 – professor of government at Dartmouth (William, "Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War," World Affairs, January, project muse) The upshot is a near scholarly consensus that unpolarity’s consequences for great power conflict are Evaluate the debate through a lens of positivism – a focus on epistemology causes a retreat from policy relevance*positivism is self-reflective, recognizes there’s no absolute truth, and uses observable regularities to inform action As long ago as 1981, Yale Ferguson and Richard Mansbach effectively laid the influence No risk of endless intervention and leadership inevitable – robust engagement accesses our impactsBrooks, et al, 13 ~By Stephen G. Brooks; G. John Ikenberry and William C. Wohlforth STEPHEN G. BROOKS is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College. G. JOHN IKENBERRY is Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul. WILLIAM C. WOHLFORTH is Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, p. Foreign Affairs~ The thesis that the USFG/law is inherently racist is both historically flawed and politically debilitating. It creates a witch hunt mentality, fragmenting movements’ members and goals, preventing any progress from being made on concrete racial inequalities. Their attempt to pinpoint every instance of racist motive is both conspiracy theory like in its performance and mirrors the politics of the far-right – I’m warning you this card is going to take me 2 minutes*The idea that the government is inherently racist is a historically flawed and one sided account that is politically debilitating – it doesn’t take into consideration the 13th 14th and 15th amendments as well as the historical instances of progressive reform, this reduces the alternative to nothingness and precludes pragmatism Daniel A. FARBER, Associate Dean and Henry J. Fletcher Professor of Law, University of Minnesota, 98 ~January 1, 1998, "Is American Law Inherently Racist," Debate between Richard Delgado and Daniel A. Farber, Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository, http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=121126context=facpubs26sei-redir=126referer=http3A2F2Fscholar.google.com2Fscholar3Fstart3D1026q3Drelated3ARVxu2BBQFe0vOM3Ascholar.google.com2F26hl3Den26as_sdt3D02C11~~23search=22related3ARVxu2BBQFe0vOM3Ascholar.google.com2F22~~ PROFESSOR FARBER: As I was getting ready to leave for the airport, my Political simulations are educationally valuable – deliberation is empowering and activates agencyHanghoj 08 – Thorkild Hanghøj, Copenhagen, 2008 Since this PhD project began in 2004, the present author has been affiliated with DREAM (Danish Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials), which is located at the Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark. Research visits have taken place at the Centre for Learning, Knowledge, and Interactive Technologies (L-KIT), the Institute of Education at the University of Bristol and the institute formerly known as Learning Lab Denmark at the School of Education, University of Aarhus, where I currently work as an assistant professor (http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf) Joas’ re-interpretation of Dewey’s pragmatism as a "theory of situated creativity" Global war does not result from a Western desire for control—-it results from lack of clearly defined strategic imperatives—-the aff is necessary to reclaim the politicalDavid Chandler 9, Professor of International Relations at the Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Westminster, War Without End(s): Grounding the Discourse of `Global War’, Security Dialogue 2009; 40; 243 | 1/19/14 |
1ac harvard ntr round 1Tournament: Harvard RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: GBN CH | Judge: Jon Voss 1ac – multilatAnti-americanism and unilateral military policies are decimating US legitimacy, threating the American international system*unilateralism fails – Kupchan, 12 – Ph.D. in international relations from Oxford, Associate Professor of International Relations at Georgetown, Senior Fellow and Director of Europe Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (Charles, "Sorry, Mitt: It Won’t Be an American Century", 2/6/12, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/02/06/it_won_t_be_an_american_century?page=0,2) In an election season, such talk rolls easily off the tongue. But Romney’s Rising powers are challenging the international system – legitimacy is critical to safe integrationFujimoto 12 – (Kevin Fujimoto 12, Lt. Colonel, U.S. Army, January 11, 2012, "Preserving U.S. National Security Interests Through a Liberal World Construct," online: http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/index.cfm/articles/Preserving-US-National-Security-Interests-Liberal-World-Construct/2012/1/11) The emergence of peer competitors, not terrorism, presents the greatest long-term Otherwise, the consensus of hegemonic stability theorists agree that unstable power transitions cause Asian wars which go global*great power war goes nuclear, mutually assured destruction can’t check – best power transition experts conclude based off decades of demographic and economic research that inevitable transition wars from collapse of unilateralism causes retrenchment wars spurring lash-out drawing in China and India – only multilateralism solves by persuading Chinese leaders to maintain the status quo Given the fundamental importance of demographic and economic forces in establishing the roster of states The plan solves –First, it creates a credible model for multilateral conflict resolution —-*Symbolic gesture – changes US image At the international political level, President Obama sees resuming relations with Cuba as a That conflict model bolsters Obama’s credibility and convinces other countries to negotiate with the United StatesHinderdael, 11– M.A. candidate at SAIS Bologna Center (Klaas, "Breaking the Logjam: Obama’s Cuba Policy and a Guideline for Improved Leadership", http://bcjournal.org/volume-14/breaking-the-logjam.html?printerFriendly=true)//NG Conclusion The two countries’ histories have long been intertwined, particularly after the Monroe Doctrine Second, it sends a clear signal to create partnerships within Latin America and reinvigorates the OAS*Relations are distinct from partnerships – hemispheric support is key to multilat FOR most of our history, the United States assumed that its security was inextricably Increased regional standing bolsters influence in international institutions through the creation of voting blocs, allowing the US to lead multilateral forums*plan boosts influence in international institutions – re-integrates Latin American as a regional ally to counterbalance emerging economic powers and improves US diplomacy with their support Speaking in Santiago, Chile, in March of last year, President Obama called And, multilateralism leads to greater power sharing and international cooperation, resolving conflictPouliot, 11 — Professor of Political Science at McGill University (Vincent, "Multilateralism as an End in Itself", International Studies Perspectives (2011) 12, 18–26) NG Because it rests on open, nondiscriminatory debate, and the routine exchange of viewpoints Any step short of unconditional removal means won’t create the same symbol of multilateralismVivanco 6- LLM from Harvard Law School, Americas director of Humans Rights Watch This reluctance would be understandable but misguided. Most Cubans do want change. If Legitimacy is critical to primacy—prevents blowbackFinnemore 9 – (Martha Finnemore, professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University, January 2009, "Legitimacy, Hypocrisy, and the Social Structure of Unipolarity: Why Being a Unipole Isn’t All It’s Cracked Up to Be," World Politics, Volume 61, Number 1) 1ac – planPlan: The United States federal government should normalize its trade relations with Cuba.1ac – transitionCuba’s current reforms are slow, contradictory, and insufficient—the plan is keyShifter et al 10/15 – Michael is an Adjunct Professor of Latin American Cuban reforms are inevitable but structural deficiencies risks economic collapse —- offering normal trade relations is vital*plan solves structural issues with Cuba’s economy – provides more capital and expertise to corporations in Cuba to better facilitate an economic restructuring Cuba under Raúl Castro has entered a new period of economic, social, and The embargo ruins Cuba’s economy – six warrants*embargo crushes Cuba’s economy – hampers development of services and exportations, crushes commercial flows, limits growth on goods and services, restricts monetary flows, incentivizes emigration and creates social damages The harmful economic effects of the embargo From an official Cuban source, the direct It’s on the brink – Chavez’s death and the election of Maduro undermines stability*Chavez’s death – Cuba depended on Venezuela and election of Maduro created uncertainty in markets – economic restructuring has been ineffective – Maduro’s reforms caused Cuban leaders to speed up reforms At the same time, it became clear to any honest observer inside or outside Current reform process is failing to entrench long-term economic stability*plan entrenches long-term economic stability – current reforms fails, the embargo handcuffs the US and prevents expertise to manage a transition – current policy gives Cuban officials to demonize the US to veto reforms Under Raul Castro, the Cuban government has continued to undertake a number of important More moderate approaches comparatively fail to stabilize CubaKoenig 10 – Lance is a US Army Colonel. This is a paper submitted for a Masters in Strategic Studies at the US Army War College. ("Time for a New Cuba Policy", March 11, 2010, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA518130) Cuban instability causes terrorism and makes conflicts in hotspots around the globe more likely*Unstable radical groups use instability as a way of recruitment Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, Cuba’s And —- hotspots in North Korea, Pakistan, and Russia risk escalation to global nuclear warBosco 6 (David, Senior Editor – Foreign Policy Magazine, "Could This Be The Start of WWIII?", Los Angeles Times, 7-23, Lexis) The understanding that small but violent acts can spark global conflagration is etched into the Terror attacks risk a massive global nuclear warAyson 10 (Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies – Victoria University of Wellington, "After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects", Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33(7), July, InformaWorld) But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a Normal Trade Relations is crucial for actual trade to occurFrench, 9 – editor of and a frequent contributor to The Havana Note. She has led more than two dozen research trips to Cuba (Anya, "Options for Engagement A Resource Guide for Reforming U.S. Policy toward Cuba" http://www.lexingtoninstitute.org/library/resources/documents/Cuba/USPolicy/options-for-engagement.pdf) the path to "normal" trade relations If the United States were to lift | 2/13/14 |
1ac ndcaTournament: NDCA | Round: 1 | Opponent: Greenhill RL | Judge: Mary Marcum 1ac – multilatAnti-americanism and unilateral military policies are decimating US legitimacy, threating the American international system*unilateralism fails – Kupchan, 12 – Ph.D. in international relations from Oxford, Associate Professor of International Relations at Georgetown, Senior Fellow and Director of Europe Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (Charles, "Sorry, Mitt: It Won’t Be an American Century", 2/6/12, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/02/06/it_won_t_be_an_american_century?page=0,2) In an election season, such talk rolls easily off the tongue. But Romney’s Rising powers are challenging the international system – legitimacy is critical to safe integrationFujimoto 12 – (Kevin Fujimoto 12, Lt. Colonel, U.S. Army, January 11, 2012, "Preserving U.S. National Security Interests Through a Liberal World Construct," online: http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/index.cfm/articles/Preserving-US-National-Security-Interests-Liberal-World-Construct/2012/1/11) The emergence of peer competitors, not terrorism, presents the greatest long-term Otherwise, the consensus of hegemonic stability theorists agree that unstable power transitions cause Asian wars which go global*great power war goes nuclear, mutually assured destruction can’t check – best power transition experts conclude based off decades of demographic and economic research that inevitable transition wars from collapse of unilateralism causes retrenchment wars spurring lash-out drawing in China and India – only multilateralism solves by persuading Chinese leaders to maintain the status quo Given the fundamental importance of demographic and economic forces in establishing the roster of states The plan solves –First, it creates a credible model for multilateral conflict resolution —-*Symbolic gesture – changes US image At the international political level, President Obama sees resuming relations with Cuba as a That conflict model bolsters Obama’s credibility and convinces other countries to negotiate with the United StatesHinderdael, 11– M.A. candidate at SAIS Bologna Center (Klaas, "Breaking the Logjam: Obama’s Cuba Policy and a Guideline for Improved Leadership", http://bcjournal.org/volume-14/breaking-the-logjam.html?printerFriendly=true)//NG Conclusion The two countries’ histories have long been intertwined, particularly after the Monroe Doctrine Second, it sends a clear signal to create partnerships within Latin America and reinvigorates the OAS*Relations are distinct from partnerships – hemispheric support is key to multilat FOR most of our history, the United States assumed that its security was inextricably Increased regional standing bolsters influence in international institutions through the creation of voting blocs, allowing the US to lead multilateral forums*plan boosts influence in international institutions – re-integrates Latin American as a regional ally to counterbalance emerging economic powers and improves US diplomacy with their support Speaking in Santiago, Chile, in March of last year, President Obama called And, multilateralism leads to greater power sharing and international cooperation, resolving conflictPouliot, 11 — Professor of Political Science at McGill University (Vincent, "Multilateralism as an End in Itself", International Studies Perspectives (2011) 12, 18–26) NG Because it rests on open, nondiscriminatory debate, and the routine exchange of viewpoints Any step short of unconditional removal won’t create the same symbol of multilateralismVivanco 6- LLM from Harvard Law School, Americas director of Humans Rights Watch This reluctance would be understandable but misguided. Most Cubans do want change. If Legitimacy is critical to primacy—prevents blowbackFinnemore 9 – (Martha Finnemore, professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University, January 2009, "Legitimacy, Hypocrisy, and the Social Structure of Unipolarity: Why Being a Unipole Isn’t All It’s Cracked Up to Be," World Politics, Volume 61, Number 1) Only the plan resolves the rallying cry for Anti-AmericanismPerez 10 ¬– JD, Yale Law (David, "America’s Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department" 13 Harv. Latino L. Rev. 187, Spring, lexis) Conclusion 1ac – planPlan: The United States federal government should normalize its trade relations with Cuba.1ac – transitionCuba’s current reforms are slow, contradictory, and insufficient—the plan is keyShifter et al 10/15 – Michael is an Adjunct Professor of Latin American Cuban reforms are inevitable but structural deficiencies risks economic collapse —- offering normal trade relations is vital*plan solves structural issues with Cuba’s economy – provides more capital and expertise to corporations in Cuba to better facilitate an economic restructuring Cuba under Raúl Castro has entered a new period of economic, social, and The embargo ruins Cuba’s economy – six warrants*embargo crushes Cuba’s economy – hampers development of services and exportations, crushes commercial flows, limits growth on goods and services, restricts monetary flows, incentivizes emigration and creates social damages The harmful economic effects of the embargo From an official Cuban source, the direct It’s on the brink – Chavez’s death and the election of Maduro undermines stability*Chavez’s death – Cuba depended on Venezuela and election of Maduro created uncertainty in markets – economic restructuring has been ineffective – Maduro’s reforms caused Cuban leaders to speed up reforms At the same time, it became clear to any honest observer inside or outside Current reform process is failing to entrench long-term economic stability*plan entrenches long-term economic stability – current reforms fails, the embargo handcuffs the US and prevents expertise to manage a transition – current policy gives Cuban officials to demonize the US to veto reforms Under Raul Castro, the Cuban government has continued to undertake a number of important More moderate approaches comparatively fail to stabilize CubaKoenig 10 – Lance is a US Army Colonel. This is a paper submitted for a Masters in Strategic Studies at the US Army War College. ("Time for a New Cuba Policy", March 11, 2010, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA518130) Cuban instability causes terrorism and makes conflicts in hotspots around the globe more likely*Unstable radical groups use instability as a way of recruitment Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, Cuba’s And —- hotspots in North Korea, Pakistan, and Russia risk escalation to global nuclear warBosco 6 (David, Senior Editor – Foreign Policy Magazine, "Could This Be The Start of WWIII?", Los Angeles Times, 7-23, Lexis) The understanding that small but violent acts can spark global conflagration is etched into the Terror attacks risk a massive global nuclear warAyson 10 (Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies – Victoria University of Wellington, "After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects", Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33(7), July, InformaWorld) But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a Normal Trade Relations is crucial for actual trade to occurFrench, 9 – editor of and a frequent contributor to The Havana Note. She has led more than two dozen research trips to Cuba (Anya, "Options for Engagement A Resource Guide for Reforming U.S. Policy toward Cuba" http://www.lexingtoninstitute.org/library/resources/documents/Cuba/USPolicy/options-for-engagement.pdf) the path to "normal" trade relations If the United States were to lift | 4/13/14 |
1ac tocTournament: TOC | Round: 1 | Opponent: La Costa Canyon GY | Judge: Abby Schirmer 1ac – multilatAnti-americanism and unilateral military policies are decimating US legitimacy, threating the American international system*unilateralism fails – Kupchan, 12 – Ph.D. in international relations from Oxford, Associate Professor of International Relations at Georgetown, Senior Fellow and Director of Europe Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (Charles, "Sorry, Mitt: It Won’t Be an American Century", 2/6/12, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/02/06/it_won_t_be_an_american_century?page=0,2) In an election season, such talk rolls easily off the tongue. But Romney’s Rising powers are challenging the international system – legitimacy is critical to safe integrationFujimoto 12 – (Kevin Fujimoto 12, Lt. Colonel, U.S. Army, January 11, 2012, "Preserving U.S. National Security Interests Through a Liberal World Construct," online: http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/index.cfm/articles/Preserving-US-National-Security-Interests-Liberal-World-Construct/2012/1/11) The emergence of peer competitors, not terrorism, presents the greatest long-term Legitimacy is critical to primacy—prevents blowbackFinnemore 9 – (Martha Finnemore, professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University, January 2009, "Legitimacy, Hypocrisy, and the Social Structure of Unipolarity: Why Being a Unipole Isn’t All It’s Cracked Up to Be," World Politics, Volume 61, Number 1) Otherwise, the consensus of hegemonic stability theorists agree that unstable power transitions cause Asian wars which go global*great power war goes nuclear, mutually assured destruction can’t check – best power transition experts conclude based off decades of demographic and economic research that inevitable transition wars from collapse of unilateralism causes retrenchment wars spurring lash-out drawing in China and India – only multilateralism solves by persuading Chinese leaders to maintain the status quo Given the fundamental importance of demographic and economic forces in establishing the roster of states The plan solves –First, it creates a credible model for multilateral conflict resolution —-*Symbolic gesture – changes US image At the international political level, President Obama sees resuming relations with Cuba as a That conflict model bolsters Obama’s credibility and convinces other countries to negotiate with the United StatesHinderdael, 11– M.A. candidate at SAIS Bologna Center (Klaas, "Breaking the Logjam: Obama’s Cuba Policy and a Guideline for Improved Leadership", http://bcjournal.org/volume-14/breaking-the-logjam.html?printerFriendly=true)//NG Conclusion The two countries’ histories have long been intertwined, particularly after the Monroe Doctrine Second, it sends a clear signal to create partnerships within Latin America and reinvigorates the OAS*Relations are distinct from partnerships – hemispheric support is key to multilat FOR most of our history, the United States assumed that its security was inextricably Increased regional standing bolsters influence in international institutions through the creation of voting blocs, allowing the US to lead multilateral forums*plan boosts influence in international institutions – re-integrates Latin American as a regional ally to counterbalance emerging economic powers and improves US diplomacy with their support Speaking in Santiago, Chile, in March of last year, President Obama called Only the plan resolves the rallying cry for Anti-AmericanismPerez 10 ¬– JD, Yale Law (David, "America’s Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department" 13 Harv. Latino L. Rev. 187, Spring, lexis) Conclusion Third, extra-territorial measures triggers allied backlash and institutional fragmentation – the plan resolves that*The embargo is seen as a violation of international law – extraterritorial measures impose punitive measures on nations that trade with Cuba – that’s seen as interference and intrusion by traditional US allies – causes retaliatory legislation and causes a permanent sticking point in relationships The intrusiveness of the 1992 Cuban Democracy Act and the 1996 Libertad Act created a And, multilateralism leads to greater power sharing and international cooperation, resolving conflictPouliot, 11 — Professor of Political Science at McGill University (Vincent, "Multilateralism as an End in Itself", International Studies Perspectives (2011) 12, 18–26) NG Because it rests on open, nondiscriminatory debate, and the routine exchange of viewpoints 1ac – planPlan: The United States federal government should normalize its trade relations with Cuba.1ac – transitionDespite the new FDI law, the embargo hinders Cuba’s ability to attract investment and tradeLeogrande 4/09- professor of government at American University in Washington, D.C., and co-author with Peter Kornbluh of the forthcoming book, "Back Channel to Cuba: The Hidden History of Negotiations between Washington and Havana" (William L. "Cuba’s New Foreign Investment Law Is a Bet on the Future", World Politics Review, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/13671/cuba-s-new-foreign-investment-law-is-a-bet-on-the-future)//KC The terms of the new foreign investment law were foreshadowed by the terms announced last It’s on the brink – Venezuelan instability undermines a stable financial base for reform – that exacerbates short term problemsBowie 4/16 – political analyst (Niles, "Cuba’s economic reforms: Socialism with neoliberal characteristics?", 4/16/14, http://rt.com/op-edge/cuba-economic-reforms-market-852/)//js Cuba’s diversification of trade relations also comes at a time when the leftist government of Structural deficiencies risks economic collapse —- offering normal trade relations is vital*plan solves structural issues with Cuba’s economy – provides more capital and expertise to corporations in Cuba to better facilitate an economic restructuring Cuba under Raúl Castro has entered a new period of economic, social, and The embargo ruins Cuba’s economy – six warrants*embargo crushes Cuba’s economy – hampers development of services and exportations, crushes commercial flows, limits growth on goods and services, restricts monetary flows, incentivizes emigration and creates social damages The harmful economic effects of the embargo From an official Cuban source, the direct It also locks Cuba out of international financial institutions which prevents effective restructuringGordon 12 – Professor of Political Philosophy at Fairfield University. She holds a Ph.D. in philosophy from Yale University and a J.D. from Boston University School of Law. Her areas of research and teaching are political philosophy, international law and global governance, with a focus on economic sanctions (Joy, "The U.S. Embargo against Cuba and the Diplomatic Challenges to Extraterritoriality", the fletcher forum of world affairs, Vol. 36:1, Winter 2012, pg 69-71)js In some regards, because of the extraordinary power held by the United States in Cuban instability causes terrorism and makes conflicts in hotspots around the globe more likely*Unstable radical groups use instability as a way of recruitment Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, Cuba’s And —- hotspots in North Korea, Pakistan, and Russia risk escalation to global nuclear warBosco 6 (David, Senior Editor – Foreign Policy Magazine, "Could This Be The Start of WWIII?", Los Angeles Times, 7-23, Lexis) The understanding that small but violent acts can spark global conflagration is etched into the Terror attacks risk a massive global nuclear warAyson 10 (Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies – Victoria University of Wellington, "After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects", Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33(7), July, InformaWorld) But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a Normal Trade Relations is crucial for actual trade to occurFrench, 9 – editor of and a frequent contributor to The Havana Note. She has led more than two dozen research trips to Cuba (Anya, "Options for Engagement A Resource Guide for Reforming U.S. Policy toward Cuba" http://www.lexingtoninstitute.org/library/resources/documents/Cuba/USPolicy/options-for-engagement.pdf) the path to "normal" trade relations If the United States were to lift | 4/26/14 |
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