1AC - Cuba Embargo (Global Credibility LA Relations Human Rights National Security Ethanol) 1NC - Non-EE CP Immigration DA Debt DA Marley K Case (Defense Domestic Ethanol Good Prolif Good Gradualism) 2NC - Non-EE CP Case (Defense Domestic Ethanol Good Prolif Good Gradualism) 1NR - Debt DA Human Rights Defense 2NR - Debt DA Case (Defense Gradualism) 2AR - Conditionality Bad
Johns Creek
2
Opponent: Hooch CM | Judge: Erik Mathis
1AC - Cuba Embargo (Global Credibility Ethanol National Security) 1NC - Debt DA Immigration DA Reforms DA Daoism K Non-EE CP Case (Defense Ethanol Bad Mao K) 2NC - Reforms DA Non-EE CP Case Defense Mao K 1NR - Debt DA Case Defense 2NR - Debt DA Case Defense
Johns Creek
5
Opponent: Hooch DN | Judge: Tucker Boyce
1AC - Cuba Embargo (Global Credibility Ethanol National Security) 1NC - Non-EE CP Immigration DA Debt DA T - or means and Shenism K Case (Defense Gradualism Prolif Good) 2NC - Non-EE CP Case (Defense Gradualism Prolif Good) 1NR - Debt DA Ethanol Defense 2NR - Gradualism DA Debt DA Case Defense
Milton Eagle Classic
1
Opponent: Mount Vernon Presbyterian JS | Judge: Maggie Berthiuame
1AC - Section 211 (WTO Credibility and IPR Leadership) 1NC - Iran Sanctions DA OFAC CP v1 T-Specific Sanctions Neoliberalism K China SOI DA v1 IPR Bad Case Defense 2NC - Case Defense IPR Bad OFAC CP v1 China SOI DA v1 1NR - Iran Sanctions DA 2NR - Iran Sanctions DA Case Defense IPR Bad
Milton Eagle Classic
3
Opponent: Woodward Academy GP | Judge: Clay Stewart
1AC - Mexico Border Infrastructure (Manufacturing and Trade) 1NC - T-Structural Linkage Iran Sanctions DA Assistance CP McClellan K China SOI DA Hegemony Bad Case Defense 2NC - Hegemony Bad Case Defense Theory 1NR - Assistance CP Iran Sanctions DA 2NR - Hegemony Bad Case Defense Iran Sanctions DA
Milton Eagle Classic
5
Opponent: Cambridge LL | Judge: Sara Beth Thomas
1AC - Cuba NTR (Multilateralism and Ethanol) 1NC - Iran Sanctions DA OFAC CP v2 McClellan K China SOI DA v2 Brazil Sugar Turn Biofuels Turn Case Defense 2NC - Brazil Sugar Turn Biofuels Turn Case Defense OFAC CP v2 1NR - China SOI DA v2 2NR - China SOI DA v2 Brazil Sugar Turn Case Defense
Milton Eagle Classic
Quarters
Opponent: Chattahoochee LS | Judge: Bill Batterman, Marcus Azimi, Ken Bailey
1AC - Cuba Embargo (Credibility and Ethanol and National Security) 1NC - Iran Sanctions DA T-Substantial Multilateral Conditions CP Non-EE CP China SOI DA v2 Multilateralism Bad Case Defense 2NC - Multilateralism Bad Case Defense Non-EE CP 1NR - China SOI DA v2 Kicked the Multilateral Conditions CP but extended the Democracy NB as a DA 2NR - China SOI DA Case Defense
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Cites
Entry
Date
Assistance CP - Milton Round 3
Tournament: Milton Eagle Classic | Round: 3 | Opponent: Woodward Academy GP | Judge: Clay Stewart Text: The United States federal government should provide a 39-cent tax credit for every dollar that American businesses invest in improved efficiency and reduced congestion at Land Ports of Entry along the U.S.-Mexico border.
The CP solves and is more efficient than government facilitation – businesses will say yes and it avoids our disads Justin Muzinich and Eric Werker, 10/20/2007. JD from Yale, Works for a Hedge Fund in Connecticut; and Assistant Professor at Harvard Business School. "A Global Tax Credit," The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/20/opinion/20werker.html?_r=0.
BARACK OBAMA has proposed that the United States double the amount it spends on foreign AND faltering effort into one that brings the fruits of globalization to poor countries.
1/19/14
Biofuels Turn - Milton Round 5
Tournament: Milton Eagle Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Cambridge LL | Judge: Sara Beth Thomas Imported Cuban biofuel would trade off with corn ethanol production in the US Specht4/24 (Jonathan Specht, BA from University of California Davis, 4/24/13, "Raising Cane: Cuban Sugarcane Ethanol’s Economic and Environmental Effects on the United States", http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/36/2/specht.pdf)
Unless Congress raises the RFS by a sufficient degree to absorb all domestic ethanol production AND the Midwest, then on Florida, then on the United States generally.
What is BioFuel? BioFuels are fuels made from once living organic materials. In AND make biodiesel. Their agricultural and industrial processes are already known and efficient.
1/19/14
Brazil Sugar Turn - Milton Round 5
Tournament: Milton Eagle Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Cambridge LL | Judge: Sara Beth Thomas Lifting the embargo wrecks the Brazilian sugar industry and results in US sugar protectionism. Miami Herald 02 (6/26/02, "Cuba embargo under fire - Sally Grooms Cowal’s Group cites benefits for U.S.," http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/706185/posts)//DR. H
4. The next reason in favor of doing away with the embargo runs as AND be less of the market for the American sugar industry to go around. In addition, what would happen abroad to Brazil’s sugar market, one of the AND it would go against the free trade ideology espoused by Washington these days. Is the U.S. going to harden the grip of Castro by granting AND Communist government subsidies in order to retain a share of the American market.
The sugarcane industry – including cultivation, processing and refined products – represents an important segment of the Brazilian economy. Economic Contribution In 2010, the sugarcane sector contributes US2450 billion to Brazil’s gross domestic product (GDP) – equivalent to almost 2.4 of the entire Brazilian economy and comparable to the GDP of a European country like Slovenia (US2447.7 billion). When you add in the various suppliers and stakeholders who depend on Brazil’s sugarcane industry, the entire sugarcane agro-industrial system generates gross revenues totaling more than US2486 billion annually. Good Jobs The sugarcane industry employs 1.28 million workers, according to 2008 data from the Ministry of Labor and Employment’s Annual Report of Social Information (RAIS).
Brazil economic instability causes nuclear war. Shulz 2k (Donald, Research Professor of National Security Policy at the Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College THE UNITED STATES AND LATIN AMERICA: SHAPING AN ELUSIVE FUTURE, March)
While we are in a speculative mode, it may be useful to raise the AND , currently a "non-NATO ally" of the United States.
Bolstering US engagement with Cuba undermines China’s presence in the region Benjamin-Alvadaro 06 – (Jonathan, Report for the Cuban Research Institute, Florida International University, PhD, Professor of Political Science at University of Nebraska at Omaha, Director of the Intelligence Community Centers of Academic Excellence Program at UNO, Treasurer of the American Political Science Association, “The Current Status and Future Prospects for Oil Exploration in Cuba: A Special,” http://cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/oil-cuba-alvarado.pdf)
Additionally, Venezuela remains the...of all parties involved.
Chinese influence is key to its economy Arnson et al 09 – (Cynthia Anderson, Mark Mohr, Riordan Roett, writers for Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, “Enter the Dragon? China’s Presence in Latin America”, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/EnterDragonFinal.pdf) (JN)
China’s role in Latin...market for Chinese goods.
China economic decline causes extinction Plate, 03 – Mr. Plate is a member of the Pacific Council on International Policy, the Century Association of New York and the Phi Beta Kappa Society (Tom Plate, “Why Not Invade China” Asia Pacific Media Networks, 6/30, http://asiamedia.ucla.edu/TomPlate2003/06302003.htm)//JS
Once upon a time, as many fairy tales start, the United States was AND lose status as a premier world power. This is no fairy tale.
Bolstering US engagement with Cuba undermines China’s presence in the region Benjamin-Alvadaro 06 – (Jonathan, Report for the Cuban Research Institute, Florida International University, PhD, Professor of Political Science at University of Nebraska at Omaha, Director of the Intelligence Community Centers of Academic Excellence Program at UNO, Treasurer of the American Political Science Association, "The Current Status and Future Prospects for Oil Exploration in Cuba: A Special," http://cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/oil-cuba-alvarado.pdf)
Additionally, Venezuela remains the fourth largest importer of oil to the United States and AND circumstances but have well-served the commercial interests of all parties involved.
China’s aim in Latin America these days differs dramatically from the 1960s, when the AND Chinatown’s leaders play a central role in making connections and building partnerships.’
Chinese soft power is an existential impact – it controls every scenario for extinction Zhang 12 – (Prof of Diplomacy and IR at the Geneva School of Diplomacy, "The Rise of China’s Political Softpower" 9/4/12 http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2012-09/04/content_26421330.htm)
As China plays an increasingly significant role in the world, its soft power must AND As the China model improves, it will continue to surprise the world.
1/19/14
China SOI DA - Mexico - Milton Round 3
Tournament: Milton Eagle Classic | Round: 3 | Opponent: Woodward Academy GP | Judge: Clay Stewart Chinese influence in Mexico increasing because of cooperation on infrastructure. Financial Times, 9/19/2013. "A new dawn for China-Mexico relations?" Jude Webber, http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2013/09/19/a-new-dawn-for-china-mexico-relations/?.
You might have thought...have spurred things along.
China’s aim in Latin America these days differs dramatically from the 1960s, when the AND Chinatown’s leaders play a central role in making connections and building partnerships.’
Chinese soft power is an existential impact – it controls every scenario for extinction Zhang 12 – (Prof of Diplomacy and IR at the Geneva School of Diplomacy, "The Rise of China’s Political Softpower" 9/4/12 http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2012-09/04/content_26421330.htm)
As China plays an increasingly significant role in the world, its soft power must AND As the China model improves, it will continue to surprise the world.
1/19/14
Daoism K - Johns Creek Round 2
Tournament: Johns Creek | Round: 2 | Opponent: Hooch CM | Judge: Erik Mathis Living in accord with the Tao precludes taking action to prevent death. As mere humans, we are blind to the overarching meaning of the universe and thus any action we take is unproductive and immoral. Kirkland 98 - Ph.D. in East Asian Languages and Cultures, specialist in Asian Religions, Associate Professor of Religion at UGA, (1996, Russell Kirkland, "’RESPONSIBLE NON-ACTION’ IN A NATURAL WORLD : PERSPECTIVES FROM THE NEI-YEH, CHUANG-TZU, AND TAO-TE CHING" HARVARD CONFERENCE ON TAOISM AND ECOLOGY CB)
Once upon a time...said, especially not — ourselves.
Their calls to save humanity are based on a flawed fear of death and a misunderstanding of the continuous nature of the universe. Kirkland 98 - Ph.D. in East Asian Languages and Cultures, specialist in Asian Religions, Associate Professor of Religion at UGA, (1996, Russell Kirkland, Ph.D. in East Asian Languages and Cultures, specialist in Asian Religions, Associate Professor of Religion at UGA, "’RESPONSIBLE NON-ACTION’ IN A NATURAL WORLD : PERSPECTIVES FROM THE NEI-YEH, CHUANG-TZU, AND TAO-TE CHING" HARVARD CONFERENCE ON TAOISM AND ECOLOGY CB)
But by this definition...or she originally emerged.
The alternative is to embrace the practice of Wu Wei, or “doing nothing” in order to appreciate the flow of the Tao – only through appreciating the natural order of life can we live according to Taoism. Kirkland 96 – Ph.D. in East Asian Languages and Cultures, specialist in Asian Religions, Associate Professor of Religion at UGA (1996, Russell Kirkland, Ph.D. in East Asian Languages and Cultures, specialist in Asian Religions, Associate Professor of Religion at UGA, "The Book of the Way," 24-29 CB)
The focus of the...thwart its unceasing operation.
Tournament: Cite Requests | Round: Finals | Opponent: Debate Community | Judge: John Shen Aff cites: eakatz123@gmail.com Neg cites: swimrat8@gmail.com
10/17/13
Hegemony Bad - Milton Round 3
Tournament: Milton Eagle Classic | Round: 3 | Opponent: Woodward Academy GP | Judge: Clay Stewart Heg doesn’t solve stability but destabilizes the world turning their impact Cambanis 1-22-12 – ~Thanassis, fellow at The Century Foundation, is the author of "A Privilege to Die: Inside Hezbollah’s Legions and Their Endless War Against Israel", "The lonely superpower," http://bostonglobe.com/ideas/2012/01/22/the-lonely-superpower/FRkSf1s5n9lXku4VqvEtqJ/story.html~~
Now, however, with a few decades of experience to study, a young AND be much safer for a unipolar superpower, not more costly and hazardous.
Disease Turn
Hegemony causes infectious disease spread Fidler 04 Professor of Law and Ira C. Batman Faculty Fellow, Indiana University School of Law Bloomington (David, "Fighting the Axis of Illness: HIV/AIDS, Human Rights, and U.S. Foreign Policy" Harvard Human Rights Journal, Vol 17, Spring 04)
The hegemony and human rights dilemmas suggest that obstacles to strengthening the role of international AND demands and dangers generated by accelerated microbial resilience, human mobility, and globalization
I had the privilege of delivering a keynote speech to the Naval War College’s Current AND , and how much more blood and treasure we squander before we do.
Threat Construction Turn
A. Heg makes military aggression inevitable Layne 06 (Christopher, professor of government at Texas A 26 M University, The Peace of Illusions: American Grand Strategy from 1940 to the Present, p. 152-3)
There is another road to U.S. overextension. The United States could AND Strategi¬cally, hegemons usually end up biting off more than they can chew.
B. Policymakers will construct threats to rationalize wars against potential great powers Layne 06 (Christopher, professor of government at Texas A 26 M University, The Peace of Illusions: American Grand Strategy from 1940 to the Present, p. 185-186)
Proponents of offshore balancing are sensitive to the fact that the threat posed by potential AND S. officials have cried wolf way too many times in the past.
C. This creates self—fulfilling prophecies and perpetual wars, risking extinction Valenzuela 03 (Manuel, freelance author and social critic, "Perpetual War, Perpetual Terror", http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article5382.htm)
Today, the U.S. is responsible for 40 of all worldwide AND . We are becoming that which we fear most, a terrorist state.
1/19/14
Immigration DA - Johns Creek Round 3
Tournament: Johns Creek | Round: 2 | Opponent: Hooch CM | Judge: Erik Mathis Immigration is Obama’s top priority, it will pass and capital is key Matthews, 10/16/13 (Laura, International Business Times, “2013 Immigration Reform Bill: 'I'm Going To Push To Call A Vote,' Says Obama2013 Immigration Reform Bill: 'I'm Going To Push To Call A Vote,' Says Obama” http://www.ibtimes.com/2013-immigration-reform-bill-im-going-push-call-vote-says-obama-1429220)
When Congress finally passes...and signed into law.”
It’s key to the economy and US leadership Javier Palomarez, Forbes, 3/6/13, The Pent Up Entrepreneurship That Immigration Reform Would Unleash, www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2013/03/06/the-pent-up-entrepreneurship-that-immigration-reform-would-unleash/print/
The main difference between...needs comprehensive immigration reform.
Extinction Auslin 9 (Michael, Resident Scholar – American Enterprise Institute, and Desmond Lachman – Resident Fellow – American Enterprise Institute, “The Global Economy Unravels”, Forbes, 3-6, http://www.aei.org/article/100187)
What do these trends...into a big bang.
10/23/13
Immigration DA - Johns Creek Round 5
Tournament: Johns Creek | Round: 5 | Opponent: Hooch DN | Judge: Tucker Boyce REPLACE THE ECONOMY SCENARIO (from Johns Creek Round 3)WITH THIS:
Immigration reform generates an effective base of IT experts. McLarty 09 – (Thomas F. III, President – McLarty Associates and Former White House Chief of Staff and Task Force Co-Chair, “U.S. Immigration Policy: Report of a CFR-Sponsored Independent Task Force”, 7-8, http://www.cfr.org/ publication/19759/us_immigration_policy.html)
We have seen, when...system, our security needs.
That deters and solves the impact to cyberattacks Saydjari 08 – (O. Sami, Cyber Defense Agency, LLC, “Structuring for Strategic Cyber Defense: A Cyber Manhattan Project Blueprint”, 2008 Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, http://www.acsac.org/2008/program /keynotes/saydjari.pdf)
As a step toward...without investing substantial resources.
Cyberterrorism will cause accidental launch that triggers the Dead Hand and nuclear war Fritz 09 – (Jason, BS – St. Cloud, “Hacking Nuclear Command and Control”, Study Commissioned on Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament, July, www.icnnd.org/Documents/Jason_Fritz_Hacking_NC2.doc)
Direct control of launch...and accusations between governments.
10/23/13
Iran Sanctions DA
Tournament: Milton Eagle Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Mount Vernon Presbyterian JS | Judge: Maggie Berthiuame Obama is investing his political capital in blocking Iran sanctions – he’s winning the fight and momentum is on his side Benen, 1/17/14 – American political writer and blogger, an MSNBC contributor, and a producer for The Rachel Maddow Show (Steve, "Support for new Iran sanctions wanes" http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/support-new-iran-sanctions-wanes)
As recently as last week, bipartisan congressional support for new sanctions on Iran, AND the Hill with phone calls and emails, voicing opposition to the bill.
More than half the United States Senate has signed on to a bill that would intensify sanctions against Iran. But in a sign of the so-far successful effort by the White House to keep the bill from reaching a veto-busting 67 supporters, only 16 Democrats are on board. The number of senators cosponsoring the bill, introduced by Sens. Mark Kirk (R-Illinois) and Robert Menendez (D-New Jersey), reached 59 this week, up from just 33 before the Christmas holiday break. Notably only one of the 25 who signed up in recent days — Sen. Michael Bennet (D-Colorado) — is a Democrat, a sign of intense White House lobbying among Democrats to oppose the bill. Backers of the bill say it would strengthen the US hand at the negotiations. But President Obama has said he would veto the bill because it could upend talks now underway between the major powers and Iran aimed at keeping the Islamic Republic from obtaining a nuclear bomb. A similar bill passed this summer by the US House of Representatives had a veto-proof majority. On Thursday, the White House said backers of the bill should be upfront about the fact that it puts the United States on the path to war. "If certain members of Congress want the United States to take military action, AND have to choose between military options or allowing Iran’s nuclear program to proceed." A number of pro-Israel groups, led by the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, are leading a full-court press for the bill’s passage, with prominent Jewish leaders in a number of states making calls and writing letters to holdouts. Dovish Jewish groups such as J Street and Americans for Peace Now oppose the bill.
Sanctions bill causes Israeli strikes Perr, 12/24/13 - B.A. in Political Science from Rutgers University; technology marketing consultant based in Portland, Oregon. Jon has long been active in Democratic politics and public policy as an organizer and advisor in California and Massachusetts. His past roles include field staffer for Gary Hart for President (1984), organizer of Silicon Valley tech executives backing President Clinton’s call for national education standards (1997), recruiter of tech executives for Al Gore’s and John Kerry’s presidential campaigns, and co-coordinator of MassTech for Robert Reich (2002). (Jon, "Senate sanctions bill could let Israel take U.S. to war against Iran" Daily Kos, http://www.dailykos.com/story/2013/12/24/1265184/-Senate-sanctions-bill-could-let-Israel-take-U-S-to-war-against-Iran~~23
As 2013 draws to close, the negotiations over the Iranian nuclear program have entered AND these costs and lead, potentially, to all-out regional war.
A unilateral Israeli strike on Iran’s nuclear facilities would likely have dire consequences, including AND green light. A unilateral Israeli strike could ultimately spark World War III.
1/19/14
John Shen K - Johns Creek Round 5
Tournament: Johns Creek | Round: 5 | Opponent: Hooch DN | Judge: Tucker Boyce *NOTE: This Kritik was meant as a joke for our friend and judge Tucker Boyce, and for our friends Santosh and Rohit (Hooch DN). This evidence obviously isn't legitimate, and we don't ever plan on reading this in the future (I'm only posting this because we post all off-case positions that we read in the 1NC no matter what). Westminster does not condone reading such garbage on the negative.*
Welcome to the utopian dystopia that is the domain of John Shen, the most righteous being in existence and the God amongst humankind. The 1AC is an attempt to change the perfect imperfection of the status quo and therefore challenges all that is love and life. Fiveash and Castillo, 13 – *accolade at the Cult of John Shen, author of The Love of the Shen (available for $0.99 on the black market), and expert on all things John Shen AND inductee into the Cult of John Shen, former shoe machine tender (Salvador J. and John T., “The World as We Don’t Know It”, Cult of John Shen Archives, October 2013, https://cultofjohnshen.wordpress.com/2013/10/16/the-world-as-we-dont-know-it/)
Humanity as we know...is love and life.
The act of rejecting perfect imperfection angers the great John Shen. This leads to the Era of Penance, in which John Shen unleashes the power of the BWang upon humanity. This causes genocidal wars, destroys individual agency, and comes before all 1AC impacts. Fiveash and Castillo, 13 – *accolade at the Cult of John Shen, author of The Love of the Shen (available for $0.99 on the black market), and expert on all things John Shen AND inductee into the Cult of John Shen, former shoe machine tender (Salvador J. and John T., “The World as We Don’t Know It”, Cult of John Shen Archives, October 2013, https://cultofjohnshen.wordpress.com/2013/10/16/the-world-as-we-dont-know-it/)
When one attempts to...not challenge the John Shen.
The alternative is to vote negative to embrace Shenism and appease John Shen. Only by accepting that the current world order is best can we prevent self-destruction. Fiveash and Castillo, 13 – *accolade at the Cult of John Shen, author of The Love of the Shen (available for $0.99 on the black market), and expert on all things John Shen AND inductee into the Cult of John Shen, former shoe machine tender (Salvador J. and John T., “The World as We Don’t Know It”, Cult of John Shen Archives, October 2013, https://cultofjohnshen.wordpress.com/2013/10/16/the-world-as-we-dont-know-it/)
Instead, we should come...ever existed preserves Harmony.
10/23/13
Mao K - Johns Creek Round 2
Tournament: Johns Creek | Round: 2 | Opponent: Hooch CM | Judge: Erik Mathis People who rely solely on book knowledge without investigating anything never actually end up changing anything Mao, 30 – Chairman of the Communist Party of China (1943-1974), Chinese Revolutionary (Mao Tse-tung, “OPPOSE BOOK WORSHIP”, Marxists, May 1930, http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-6/mswv6_11.htm)
III. OPPOSE BOOK WORSHIP...investigate the actual situation.
Without probing into the problem you talk nonsense, meaning that your right to speak should be revoked. Only by truly investigating things can we change anything. Mao, 30 – Chairman of the Communist Party of China (1943-1974), Chinese Revolutionary (Mao Tse-tung, “OPPOSE BOOK WORSHIP”, Marxists, May 1930, http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-6/mswv6_11.htm)
I. NO INVESTIGATION, NO RIGHT...indeed, to solve it.
10/23/13
Marley K - Johns Creek Round 3
Tournament: Johns Creek | Round: 3 | Opponent: Hooch SH | Judge: Kiyoshi Woolheater The 1ac is an attempt to solve all the threats that they construct, engendering fear and engaging in politics of worry. This is unproductive and causes us to lose our individual agency and distorts our perception of the world. Miles, 8 – writer that covers personal growth, communication, and increasing personal wealth at Effortless Abundance; writer of the book Thirty Days to Change Your Life, (Michael, “Why Constant Worrying is Useless”, 12/8/08, http://inspirado.mcuniverse.com/why-constant-worry-is-useless/)
We live in a...worrying and start living!
The act of worrying is unnecessary and should be rejected. We must become like the "Three Little Birds" and recognize that everything is going to be alright. Nesta Robert Marley O.M., 77 – Jamaican reggae singer-songwriter, member of the Wailers
PLAY "Three Little Birds" BY BOB MARLEY AND THE WAILERS (0:14-0:39) AND MOVE ON
10/21/13
McClellan K
Tournament: Milton Eagle Classic | Round: 3 | Opponent: Woodward Academy GP | Judge: Clay Stewart The world is perfect. We shouldn’t worry about the atrocities outlined in the 1ac because they are inherently a part of life. Vote negative to join in the Great Perfection and affirm reality as is. McClellan, 93 – Assistant Professor with the Department of Communication at Boise State University, this article was written when he was attending the University of Colorado at Boulder (John, "Nondual Ecology: In Praise of Wildness and in Search of Harmony with Everything That Moves", University of Colorado, http://www.colorado.edu/peacestudies/sustainable-economics/nondual-ecology/nondual-ecology.html, dml)
Deep ecology is good, but not always useful in everyday life. We need AND of good life-filled world for us to join in with.
1/19/14
Multilateral Conditions CP - Milton Quarters
Tournament: Milton Eagle Classic | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Chattahoochee LS | Judge: Bill Batterman, Marcus Azimi, Ken Bailey The United States federal government should allow normal trade between the United States and Cuba if and only if the governments of a majority of Latin American nations commit to:
—actively seeking a normalization process between the United States and Cuba, and
—compelling the Cuban government to work towards establishing representative democracy and better respect for human rights.
Counterplan solves the case—Latin American governments will say yes—it triggers sustainable Cuban reform, and it avoids politics Castañeda 9 - Jorge G. Castañeda, professor at New York University and fellow at the New America Foundation, was Mexico’s foreign minister from 2000 to 2003, April 21, 2009, Wall Street Journal, "The Right Deal on Cuba," proquest)
The question of what...victory for Mr. Obama.
Unilaterally cooperating with Cuba destroys the credibility of all Latin American democracy—causes authoritarian backsliding Castañeda 8 - Jorge G. Castañeda, professor at New York University and fellow at the New America Foundation, was Mexico~’s foreign minister from 2000 to 2003, September-October 2008, "Morning in Latin America," Foreign Affairs, Vol. 87, No. 5, proquest)
Realpolitik and fear of another exodus of Cuban refugees across the Straits of Florida may AND for other exceptions that would justify their existence by invoking the Cuban precedent.
Latin American democracy’s a key model for democracy globally Fauriol and Weintraub 95 – *director of the CSIS Americas program and Prof of Public Affairs at the University of Texas Georges and Sidney, The Washington Quarterly, "U.S. Policy, Brazil, and the Southern Cone", Lexis
The democracy theme also carries much force in the hemisphere today. The State Department AND on all three in Latin America will compromise progress elsewhere in the world.
This hardly exhausts the lists of threats to our security and well-being in AND which a new world order of international security and prosperity can be built.
1/21/14
Multilateralism Bad - Milton Quarters
Tournament: Milton Eagle Classic | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Chattahoochee LS | Judge: Bill Batterman, Marcus Azimi, Ken Bailey Multilateralism empirically doesn’t solve anything – four reasons Harvey, 4 – University Research Professor of International Relations, professor in the Department of Political Science, and the director of the Centre for Foreign Policy Studies at Dalhousie University (Frank, Smoke And Mirrors: Globalized Terrorism And The Illusion Of Multilateral Security, p. 43-45) MS *refusal to compliance with the UN *no common concern—don’t act with the same urgency Ex- Iraq war in 2003 The typical argument favouring multilateralism is a simple one, sum- marized by Ramesh AND threats virtually guarantees that similar conflicts will plague multilateral institutions in the future.
Unilateralism is what sustains primacy – other states bandwagon with the US for fear of other rising powers. Moving towards multilateralism makes it unsustainable and turns the advantage Selden, 13 – assistant professor of political science at the University of Florida (Zachary, "Balancing Against or Balancing With? The Spectrum of Alignment and the Endurance of American Hegemony" Security Studies Volume 22, Issue 2, 2013, Taylor and Francis) *2001-2009 second tier states aligned with US interests and increased security cooperation *shift from multi exactly what makes second-tier states question utility of security relationship and move away from US heg—participate in activities to extend US heg e/I no direct benefits *heg that’s not concerned with international opinion more likely to defend heg—interests states
Understanding which of these choices—soft balancing against the hegemon or alignment with the AND even if they do not receive a formal security guarantee for their efforts. This may have implications for American foreign policy. There are distinct policy recommendations flowing AND behavior by other states and speeds hegemonic decline by draining financial resources. 6 Yet, this policy of restraint may be precisely what would cause second-tier AND an increased reluctance to use its power in support of its national interests.
Only deterrence solves- otherwise china’s rise will result in war Friedberg, 11—professor at Princeton, former fellow at the Smithsonian Institution’s Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, the Norwegian Nobel Institute, and Harvard University’s Center for International Affairs, serves as Chairman of the Board of Counselors for the National Bureau of Asian Research’s Pyle Center for Northeast Asian Studies (Aaron, "China’s Challenge at Sea", www.nytimes.com/2011/09/05/opinion/chinas-challenge-at-sea.html?_r=0)NG
Unfortunately, those constraints are being imposed just as America faces a growing strategic challenge AND entire burden of preserving the Asian power balance, but it must lead.
1/21/14
Neoliberalism K - Milton Round 1
Tournament: Milton Eagle Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Mount Vernon Presbyterian JS | Judge: Maggie Berthiuame The plan’s neoliberal policies is the root cause of economic crisis and guarantees inevitable systems collapse Palley 10 – PhD in economics from Yale (Thomas, MA in IR from Yale, and a BA from Oxford, "AMERICA’S EXHAUSTED PARADIGM: MACROECONOMIC CAUSES OF THE FINANCIAL CRISIS AND GREAT RECESSION", New School Economic Review, Volume 4(1), 2010: 15-43, ZBurdette)
This paper traces the roots of the current financial crisis to a faulty U. AND but as yet this challenge has received little attention from policymakers or economists.
Neoliberal engagement of Latin America results in inequality, political oppression, military intervention, and environmental destruction – makes extinction inevitable Makwana 6 (Rajesh, As a non-governmental organisation with consultative status at the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations (ECOSOC), STWR works to influence policy through research and publications outlining how to rapidly secure basic human needs through greater international cooperation and economic sharing., 23rd November 06, http://www.stwr.org/globalization/neoliberalism-and-economic-globalization.html, ZBurdette)
Neoliberalism and Economic Globalization The goal of neoliberal economic globalization is the removal of all barriers to commerce, and the privatization of all available resources and services. In this scenario, public life will be at the mercy of market forces, as the extracted profits benefit the few, writes Rajesh Makwana. The thrust of international policy behind the phenomenon of economic globalization is neoliberal in nature. Being hugely profitable to corporations and the wealthy elite, neoliberal polices are propagated through the IMF, World Bank and WTO. Neoliberalism favours the free-market as the most efficient method of global resource allocation. Consequently it favours large-scale, corporate commerce and the privatization of resources. There has been much international attention recently on neoliberalism. Its ideologies have been rejected by influential countries in Latin America and its moral basis is now widely questioned. Recent protests against the WTO, IMF and World Bank were essentially protests against the neoliberal policies that these organizations implement, particularly in low-income countries. The neoliberal experiment has failed to combat extreme poverty, has exacerbated global inequality, and is hampering international aid and development efforts. This article presents an overview of neoliberalism and its effect on low income countries. Introduction After the Second World War, corporate enterprises helped to create a wealthy class in society which enjoyed excessive political influence on their government in the US and Europe. Neoliberalism surfaced as a reaction by these wealthy elites to counteract post-war policies that favoured the working class and strengthened the welfare state. Neoliberal policies advocate market forces and commercial activity as the most efficient methods for producing AND corporations and affluent countries to secure their financial advantage within the world economy. The policies were most ardently enforced in the US and Europe in the1980s during the AND , economic and political leverage, they continue to further their neoliberal objectives. There is a consensus between the financial elite, neoclassical economists and the political classes AND the most likely means of reducing poverty and inequality in the poorest regions. There is a huge discrepancy between the measurable result of economic globalization and its proposed AND economic growth per capita grew to over 8 between 1980 and 2000.) Neoliberalism has also been unable to address growing levels of global inequality. Over the last 25 years, the income inequalities have increased dramatically, both within and between countries. Between 1980 and 1998, the income of richest 10 as share of poorest 10 became 19 more unequal; and the income of richest 1 as share of poorest 1 became 77 more unequal (again, not including China). The shortcomings of neoliberal policy are also apparent in the well documented economic disasters suffered AND and medical expertise throughout the region and with other countries around the world. The dramatic economic and social improvement seen in these countries has not stopped them from AND economic dominance has been and continues to be the USA’s main economic objective. According to Maria Páez Victor: "Since 1846 the United States has carried out no fewer than 50 military invasions and destabilizing operations involving 12 different Latin American countries. Yet, none of these countries has ever had the capacity to threaten US security in any significant way. The US intervened because of perceived threats to its economic control and expansion. For this reason it has also supported some of the region’s most vicious dictators such as Batista, Somoza, Trujillo, and Pinochet." As a result of corporate and US influence, the key international bodies that developing AND project contracts. They all gain considerably from the neo-liberal model. So influential are corporations at this time that many of the worst violators of human rights have even entered a Global Compact with the United Nations, the world’s foremost humanitarian body. Due to this international convergence of economic ideology, it is no coincidence that the assumptions that are key to increasing corporate welfare and growth are the same assumptions that form the thrust of mainstream global economic policy. However, there are huge differences between the neoliberal dogma that the US and EU AND to achieving development by imposing an ideology that suits their own economic needs. The US and EU also provide huge subsidies to many sectors of industry. These devastate small industries in developing countries, particularly farmers who cannot compete with the price of subsidized goods in international markets. Despite their neoliberal rhetoric, most ’capitalist’ countries have increased their levels of state intervention over the past 25 years, and the size of their government has increased. The requirement is to ’do as I say, not as I do’. Given the tiny proportion of individuals that benefit from neoliberal policies, the chasm between what is good for the economy and what serves the public good is growing fast. Decisions to follow these policies are out of the hands of the public, and the national sovereignty of many developing countries continues to be violated, preventing them from prioritizing urgent national needs. Below we examine the false assumptions of neoliberal policies and their effect on the global economy. Economic Growth Economic growth, as measured in GDP, is the yardstick of economic globalization which AND economic growth is the only way to prosper a country and reduce poverty. Logically, however, a model for continual financial growth is unsustainable. Corporations have to go to extraordinary lengths in order to reflect endless growth in their accounting books. As a result, finite resources are wasted and the environment is dangerously neglected. The equivalent of two football fields of natural forest is cleared each second by profit hungry corporations. Economic growth is also used by the World Bank and government economists to measure progress AND growth have proved impossible due to the inadequacy of the statistical measures employed. The mandate for economic growth is the perfect platform for corporations which, as a result, have grown rapidly in their economic activity, profitability and political influence. Yet this very model is also the cause of the growing inequalities seen across the globe. The privatization of resources and profits by the few at the expense of the many, and the inability of the poorest people to afford market prices, are both likely causes. Free Trade Free trade is the foremost demand of neoliberal globalization. In its current form, AND pushing smaller producers in developing countries out of the market and impeding development. With this self interest driving globalization, economically powerful nations have created a global trading regime with which they can determine the terms of trade. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between the US, Canada, and Mexico is an example of free-market fundamentalism that gives corporations legal rights at the expense of national sovereignty. Since its implementation it has caused job loss, undermined labour rights, privatized essential services, increased inequality and caused environmental destruction. In Europe only 5 of EU citizens work in agriculture, generating just 1.6 of EU GDP compared to more than 50 of citizens in developing countries. However, the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) provides subsidies to EU farmers to the tune of £30 billion, 80 of which goes to only 20 of farmers to guarantee their viability, however inefficient this may be. The General Agreement on Trade and Services (GATS) was agreed at the World AND services are instead granted to corporate interests through the GATS and TRIPS framework. These examples represent modern free trade which is clearly biased in its approach. It fosters corporate globalization at the expense of local economies, the environment, democracy and human rights. The primary beneficiaries of international trade are large, multinational corporations who fiercely lobby at all levels of national and global governance to further the free trade agenda. Liberalization The World Bank, IMF and WTO have been the main portals for implementing the AND this group, and market liberalization has been another of their key policies. According to neoliberal ideology, in order for international trade to be ’free’ all markets should be open to competition, and market forces should determine economic relationships. But the overall result of a completely open and free market is of course market dominance by corporate heavy-weights. The playing field is not even; all developing countries ar e at a great financial and economic disadvantage and simply cannot compete. Liberalization, through Structural Adjustment Programs, forces poorer countries to open their markets to AND economic risk; hence the EU and US heavily protect their own markets. A liberalized global market provides corporations with new resources to capitalize and new markets to AND They would then be in a better position to compete in international markets.
Reject the aff as a means to create space for alternatives to neoliberal engagement. Munck, professor of Globalization and Social Exclusion, 3 (Ronaldo, Department of Sociology, Social Policy 26 Social Work Studies and Globalisation and Social Exclusion Unit, University of Liverpool, "Neoliberalism, necessitarianism and alternatives in Latin America: there is no alternative (TINA)?", Third World Quarterly, Vol 24, No 3, pp 495–511, 2003, http://www-e.uni-magdeburg.de/evans/Journal20Library/Trade20and20Countries/Neoliberalism,20necessitarianism20and20alternatives20in20Latin20America.pdf, ZBurdette)
Taking as its point of departure the position that there are or must be alternatives AND is back in the foreground of thinking and practice around alternative economic theories. There is no alternative (TINA) was an oft-repeated expression of Margaret AND underline the urgency of developing a credible and viable alternative to its policies.
1/19/14
Non-EE CP
Tournament: Johns Creek | Round: 2 | Opponent: Hooch CM | Judge: Erik Mathis Text: The President of the United States should remove all restrictions on Cuban-American travel and remittances, grant visas to Cubans invited to the United States to participate in educational, cultural, religious, humanitarian, and scientific activities if they pass normal visa security reviews, communicate to the Cuban government its desire to restore the diplomatic function of the Interest Section as its core mission, immediately turn off the electronic ticker-tape billboard on the Interests Section building in Havana, propose immediate resumption of regular consultations with Cuba over implementation of the migration agreements signed by Presidents Reagan and Clinton, and remove travel limits of U.S. and Cuban diplomats.
The counterplan is distinct from economic engagement. Rose and Spiegel 08 (Andrew K. and Mark M., Professor of International Business, Economic Analysis and Policy Group, Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley; and Research Fellow, CEPR; and Vice President, Economic Research and Data at the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, respectively; “NON-ECONOMIC ENGAGEMENT AND INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE: THE CASE OF ENVIRONMENTAL TREATIES,” 2008, http://www.nber.org/papers/w13988.pdf?new_window=1)
Countries, like people, interact...in the first area.
CP solves the aff. LeoGrande 8 (William M. LeoGrande is dean of the School of Public Affairs at American University in Washington, DC, and a specialist on U.S. relations with Latin America. “Engaging Cuba: A Roadmap,” World Policy Journal 2008 25: 87, pg Sage um-ef)
From the time Fidel...of the communist era.
10/23/13
OFAC CP - v1
Tournament: Milton Eagle Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Mount Vernon Presbyterian JS | Judge: Maggie Berthiuame Using its licensing authority and enforcement discretion, the United States Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control should exempt transactions involving Section 211 of the Omnibus Appropriations Act of 1998. from enforcement under the Cuban Assets Control Regulations.
First, the counterplan solves via specific exemptions — OFAC has broad discretion over sanctions enforcement. Golumbic and Ruff 13 — Court E. Golumbic, Managing Director and Global Anti-Money Laundering, Anti-Bribery and Government Sanctions Compliance Officer at Goldman Sachs and Co., Lecturer-in-Law at the University of Pennsylvania Law School, former Assistant United States Attorney with the United States Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York, and Robert S. Ruff III, Associate in the Securities Litigation practice group at Weil, Gotshal and Manges LLP, 2013 (“Leveraging the Three Core Competencies: How OFAC Licensing Optimizes Holistic Sanctions,” North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation (38 N.C.J. Int'l L. and Com. Reg. 729), Spring, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)
2. Ability to Mitigate Collateral Damage Because OFAC prefers to...innocent civilians and businesses. n353
Second, the counterplan solves quickly and without political fallout — it doesn’t require legislative or regulatory action. Golumbic and Ruff 13 — Court E. Golumbic, Managing Director and Global Anti-Money Laundering, Anti-Bribery and Government Sanctions Compliance Officer at Goldman Sachs and Co., Lecturer-in-Law at the University of Pennsylvania Law School, former Assistant United States Attorney with the United States Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York, and Robert S. Ruff III, Associate in the Securities Litigation practice group at Weil, Gotshal and Manges LLP, 2013 (“Leveraging the Three Core Competencies: How OFAC Licensing Optimizes Holistic Sanctions,” North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation (38 N.C.J. Int'l L. and Com. Reg. 729), Spring, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)
3. Adaptability The third core competency...of an executive order. n391
1/19/14
OFAC CP - v2
Tournament: Milton Eagle Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Cambridge LL | Judge: Sara Beth Thomas Using its licensing authority and enforcement discretion, the United States Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control should exempt transactions involving ethanol from enforcement under the Cuban Assets Control Regulations.
Second, the counterplan solves quickly and without political fallout — it doesn’t require legislative or regulatory action. Golumbic and Ruff 13 — Court E. Golumbic, Managing Director and Global Anti AND 729), Spring, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis) 3. Adaptability The third core competency of OFAC’s licensing practices is the ability to adapt a particular AND a regulatory overhaul or the signing or withdrawal of an executive order. n391
1/19/14
Politics Link - Milton Quarters
Tournament: Milton Eagle Classic | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Chattahoochee LS | Judge: Bill Batterman, Marcus Azimi, Ken Bailey New Latin American economic engagement initiatives cause a massive loss in political capital Isacson, 11 Adam, Senior Associate @ WOLA, Washington Office on Latin America, Areas of Expertise: Regional and Military Security Policy, Arms Transfers, Civil-Military Relations, Colombia, International Drug Policy, Mexico, Peace Processes, U.S. Assistance, Adam Isacson is a key member of WOLA’s Regional Security Policy team. He is a leading expert on defense, civil-military relations, and U.S. security assistance to the Americas. He collaborates on Just the Facts—a constantly updated source of information and analysis of the United States’ often troubled relationship with Latin America’s militaries. He helped found Just the Facts in the early 1990s. Mr. Isacson has co-authored dozens of publications, including "Ready, Aim, Foreign Policy" and "Waiting for Change," which examine the increasing role of the military in U.S. foreign policy. During the 2000s, Mr. Isacson focused on Colombia, the principal destination of U.S. aid to Latin America at the time. At the end of the decade, he published "Don’t Call It a Model," a comprehensive look at the lessons to be learned from Plan Colombia. He has testified before Congress on international drug policy, Colombia’s conflict, U.S. military aid programs and human rights, and has organized several congressional delegations to the region. He is "among the few in Washington who genuinely affect how policy-makers in Congress and the administration shape their decisions and policy proposals," says a congressional staffer who closely follows Latin America policy. He is known for his pithy commentary, shared online daily through regular contributions to Just the Facts and other blogs. Among Latin America analysts, he has been a leader in cutting-edge use of technology for transparency, instant analysis, and advocacy. Mr. Isacson joined WOLA in 2010 after fourteen years working on Latin American and Caribbean security issues with the Center for International Policy (CIP). Before WOLA and CIP, he worked for the Arias Foundation for Peace and Human Progress in San José, Costa Rica as a program assistant for demilitarization. 3/10, http://www.wola.org/commentary/president_obama_s_upcoming_trip_to_latin_america
Though Latin Americans’ perceptions of the United States have improved since a low point during AND Let’s hope that the tone and content of the President’s visit reflect that.
1/21/14
Politics Link - Milton Round 1
Tournament: Milton Eagle Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Mount Vernon Presbyterian JS | Judge: Maggie Berthiuame Patent bills are massively unpopular and will be watered down turning the case Lee 11, Timothy, covers technology policy, including copyright and patent law, telecom regulation, privacy, and free speech9/8/11, “Mostly pointless patent reform bill goes to Obama for signature,” http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/09/mostly-pointless-patent-reform-bill-goes-to-obama-for-signature/)//DR. H
Congress has been wrestling...the cutting room floor.
Tournament: Milton Eagle Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Cambridge LL | Judge: Sara Beth Thomas Cuba Lobby, campaign contributions, GOP, Dem Unity, Filibuster, Committee, Menendez and Reid duo cost Obama immense political capital and overwhelms any turns - empirics LeoGrande, 12 William M. LeoGrande School of Public Affairs American University, Professor of Government and a specialist in Latin American politics and U.S. foreign policy toward Latin America, Professor LeoGrande has been a frequent adviser to government and private sector agencies, 12/18/12, http://www.american.edu/clals/upload/LeoGrande-Fresh-Start.pdf
The 113th Congress Congress has held a central role in U.S. policy AND In 2011, President Obama selected Wasserman Schultz to chair the Democratic National Committee
1/19/14
Reforms DA
Tournament: Johns Creek | Round: 2 | Opponent: Hooch CM | Judge: Erik Mathis Gradual transition now---political liberalization is facilitating an economic “soft landing”---solves the Aff Piccone, 10/3 – Acting Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institute (Ted, “Cuba’s Stroll Toward Change: A View from the Streets”, Brookings Institute, 10/3/13, http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2013/10/03-cuba-trip-piccone)//SJF
We are witnessing today...the Florida Straits – begin.
Cuba has no preparation for change and wouldn’t be able to take it all at once---lifting the embargo would cause a rapid democratic uprising Erikson, 8 – Senior Advisor for Western Hemisphere Affairs at the U.S. Department of State and has an M.A. in Public Policy from Harvard University and a B.A. from Brown University (Daniel P., “The Cuba Wars: Fidel Castro, the United States, and the Next Revolution”, Bloomsbury Press, 10/28/08, p. 250-251)EX
Like most of his...fight is very limited.”
Unstable transition causes instability and war---kills US ability to control international conflict escalation Gorrell, 5 - Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted for the USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT (Tim, “CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074)
Regardless of the succession...to post-Castro Cuba?
10/23/13
T - Selective Sanctions - Milton Round 1
Tournament: Milton Eagle Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Mount Vernon Presbyterian JS | Judge: Maggie Berthiuame Removing selective restrictions on specific goods isn’t “economic” because it doesn’t broadly affect economic life Davidsson 3 – Elias Davidsson, Human Rights Researcher and Activist, Reporter for the Arab American News, Contributing Editor for Global Research, “The Mechanism of Economic Sanctions: Changing Perceptions and Euphemisms”, November, www.aldeilis.net/english/attachments/2877_econsanc-debate.pdf?
“Economic sanctions”, a mode...to affect the economy.
1/19/14
T - Substantial - Milton Quarters
Tournament: Milton Eagle Classic | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Chattahoochee LS | Judge: Bill Batterman, Marcus Azimi, Ken Bailey Interpretation – “substantially” means real and at the present time Words and Phrases 1964 (40 WandP 759) (this edition of WandP is out of print; the page number no longer matches up to the current edition and I was unable to find the card in the new edition. However, this card is also available on google books, Judicial and statutory definitions of words and phrases, Volume 8, p. 7329)
The words “outward, open, actual, visible, substantial, and exclusive,” in connection with a change of possession, mean substantially the same thing. They mean not concealed; not hidden; exposed to view; free from concealment, dissimulation, reserve, or disguise; in full existence; denoting that which not merely can be, but is opposed to potential, apparent, constructive, and imaginary; veritable; genuine; certain; absolute; real at present time, as a matter of fact, not merely nominal; opposed to form; actually existing; true; not including admitting, or pertaining to any others; undivided; sole; opposed to inclusive. Bass v. Pease, 79 Ill. App. 308, 318.
B) Violation – “phase out” is gradual, not immediately at the present time American Heritage Dictionary, 9 – (“Phase Out”, Fourth Edition, http://www.thefreedictionary.com/phase+out) EK
phase out vb (tr, adverb) to discontinue or withdraw gradually n phase-out the action or an instance of phasing out a phase-out of conventional forces
1/21/14
T - or means and - Johns Creek Round 5
Tournament: Johns Creek | Round: 5 | Opponent: Hooch DN | Judge: Tucker Boyce *This T violation was meant as a joke for our friend and judge Tucker Boyce, and for our friends Santosh and Rohit (Hooch DN). This evidence is real, but we don't ever plan on reading this in-round ever again (I'm only posting this because we post all off-case positions that we read in the 1NC no matter what). Westminster does not condone reading such garbage on the negative.*
A) Interpretation – the meaning of ‘or’ depends on context – in holistic legal contexts, it must mean ‘and’ Ward, 7 – works at Adams and Reese LLP, a multidisciplinary law firm with attorneys and advisors strategically located throughout the southern United States and Washington, DC (Raymond P., “When does “or” mean “and”?”, the (new) legal writer, 2/3/07, http://raymondpward.typepad.com/newlegalwriter/2007/02/when_or_means_a.html)
A few days ago...might have been different.
This resolution is referred to as the Latin America topic – means the three countries are to be viewed holistically NFHS, 13 – National Federation of State High School Associations (“2013-14 NFHS Policy Debate Topic Announcement”, NFHS, 1/10/13, http://www.nfhs.org/content.aspx?id=8374)
On January 10, 2013...topic area and resolution.
B) Violation – the plan only engages Cuba; it excludes Mexico and Venezuela.
C) Voting issue—
Ground – there are few disads that link to just engaging Cuba or Venezuela, and all links to Mexico disads are non-unique. A holistic focus on Latin America is key to access big-stick impacts and unique links.
2. Education – exclusively focusing on one country prevents knowledge about how the three countries are interconnected, and it also prevents big-picture education on Latin America.
3. Predictability – framer’s intent is the basis of predictability – without it, it’s impossible to interpret the topic Hutchison, 8 – Assistant Professor of Law at the University of Alberta (Cameron, “Which Kraft of Statutory Interpretation”, Alberta Law Review, November, 46 Alberta L. Rev. 1, Lexis)
Second, it is not...what the rule 'is.'" 127
10/23/13
T-Structural Linkage
Tournament: Milton Eagle Classic | Round: 3 | Opponent: Woodward Academy GP | Judge: Clay Stewart Economic engagement is long-term strategy for promoting structural linkage between two economies, not a one-time offer Mastanduno, 1 – professor of Government at Dartmouth College (Michael, “Economic Engagement Strategies: Theory and Practice” http://web.archive.org/web/20120906033646/http://polisci.osu.edu/faculty/bpollins/book/Mastanduno.pdf
The basic causal logic...to foreign policy accommodation.