Tournament: Previous Tournaments w other partners | Round: 1 | Opponent: Many | Judge: Many
Contention 1 is the Science  

US commitment to science is in question globally – expanding leadership is critical Science Diplomacy which solves a laundry list of scenarios  

Federoff, 8 -  professor @ Penn State, National Medal of Science Recipient, Master @ Syracuse University, PhD @ Rockefeller University, National Science Board, Science and Technology Adviser to Sec. of State (Nina V., Statement before Congress, "Making Science Diplomacy More Effective",  4-2-11, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-110hhrg41470/html/CHRG-110hhrg41470.htm)
Chairman Baird, Ranking Member Ehlers
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to advance U.S. interests in foreign policy.

Thats an impact filter  

The Royal Society 10 – a Fellowship of more than 1400 outstanding individuals
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bodies to provide science policy briefi ngs for foreign ministry and embassy staff.

Specifically expanding atmospheric science is critical to solve ozone depletion – the brink is now  
NOAA 13 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2013 Stratospheric Ozone Layer Depletion and Recovery http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/research/themes/o3/ ajh
In each year beginning in the early 1980s the stratospheric ozone layer over Antarctica has
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of the global scientific foundation for understanding the ozone layer and its changes.

New developments trump recovery – prefer our ev  
Begley 13 Sharon Begley writer at the Smithsonian mag, cites Jim Anderson an atmospheric science researcher, phd, at Harvard, and Kerry Emanuel, an atmospheric scientist at MIT, "The Ozone Problem is Back – And Worse Than Ever" 2013
The rest of the world may have thought the ozone problem had been solved,
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, it could be made much worse than we thought by climate change."

Independently that results in extinction
FES, 9  ~"The Ozone Layer", 2-17-09, http://festiveearth.com/index27739.pdf?option=com_content26do_pdf=126id=96~~
The ozone layer is essential for human life.  It is able to absorb much
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ozone layer essentially allows life, as we know it, to exist.  

Specifically it kills phytoplankton
Welch 13 Charles Welch  Ozone Hole Consequence, cites, Dr Patrick Neale, of the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center , researcher at Ozone Hole Inc, received an award from UN environmental protection division, pretty cool  2013 http://www.theozonehole.com/consequences.htm-http://www.theozonehole.com/consequences.htm ajh
The Southern Ocean is one of the world’s
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cancer rates for temperate latitudes by the year 2050.

Extinction
Fahsi 13 Magda Fahsi  Ph.D., Mint Press Europe correspondent and investigative reporter, cites Chris Bowler, PhD, director of research at the National Centre for Scientific Research January 3, 2013 "The Fabulous History Of Plankton And Why Our Survival Depends On It" http://www.mintpressnews.com/the-fabulous-history-of-plankton-and-why-our-survival-depends-on-it/44732/-http://www.mintpressnews.com/the-fabulous-history-of-plankton-and-why-our-survival-depends-on-it/44732/ ajh
Take a drop of ocean water. Just a simple drop of water, you
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is why the work done by the Tara Oceans expedition is so important.

Contention 2 is Biotech

Tropical diseases are emerging now – lack of studies make them uniquely dangerous
TECD 13 Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Leadership ProgramWhat are "Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases 2013 http://www.tecd.prj.nagasaki-u.ac.jp/en/program/background.html
Tropical region infectious diseases have now become a problem for all humanity because of rapid
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prevent the rapid spread of infections, because pathogens propagate regardless of borders. 

They go global
Frayssinet 12Fabiana Frayssinet. Has been a correspondent since 1989 in Central America, and since 1996 in Brazil, where she served as a contributor for various international media outlets in radio, print and television, including CNN en Español, IPS, UNIVISION, Telefé de Argentina, Radio Suecia and Radio Nederland. 2012 http://www.ipsnews.net/2012/09/scientists-debate-climate-change-impacts-on-tropical-diseases/
More intense rainfall, rising temperatures and climate-driven migration of human and animal
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modified by human activity such as land use and the building of roads.

The result is extinction
Naish 12 (John Naish, writer for Daily Mail, citing John Oxford, professor of virology at Queen Mary’s School of Medicine and Dentistry, Scientific Director of Retroscreen Virology Ltd, considered to be the leading expert on disease and viral outbreaks, 10-14-12, "The Armageddon virus: Why experts fear a disease that leaps from animals to humans could devastate mankind in the next five years," http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2217774/The-Armageddon-virus-Why-experts-fear-disease-leaps-animals-humans-devastate-mankind-years.html-http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2217774/The-Armageddon-virus-Why-experts-fear-disease-leaps-animals-humans-devastate-mankind-years.html) gz
When the Health Protection Agency warned the world of this newly- emerging virus last
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needs to win only once and it could be the end of humankind.

Additionally, Agricultural biotech solves extinction
Trewavas 2K – Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology at the University of Edinburgh (Anthony, "GM Is the Best Option We Have," 6/5/2000, www.agbioworld.org/biotech-info/articles/biotech-art/best_option.html)*This evidence is modified to respect Jewish history
In 535A.D. a volcano near the present Krakatoa exploded with the force
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principle in recent years; my version of it is "be prepared".

And soil erosions is at a brink
Crawford 13Professor John Crawford of the University of Sydney. 2013 ~What If the World’s Soil Runs Out? Pg. 1~
It’s a strange notion, but some experts fear the world, at its current
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by continuing to damage the soil, which is exactly what’s happening now.

Extinction
Leahy 8 (Stephen, Environmental Journalist, Citing Andreas Arnalds, Assistant Director – Soil Conservation Service of Iceland, Ph.D. in Grazing Management and Soil Conservation – Colorado State University, M.Sc. in Rangeland Ecology – Washington State University, B.Sc. in Agricultural Science – Agricultural University of Iceland, "Peak Soil", Earth Island Journal, http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/eij/article/peak_soil/-http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/eij/article/peak_soil/)
We are overlooking soil as the foundation of all life on Earth," says Andres
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of Land Care" — to focus the world’s attention on soil stewardship. 

Contention 3 is Solvency
Current restrictions for scientists impair effective engagement
Lempinen 12 – AAAS reporter, AAAS is The AAAS Center for Science Diplomacy is guided by the over-arching goal of using science to build bridges between countries and to promote scientific cooperation as an essential element of foreign policy. Since its establishment in 2008, the Center has been particularly interested in identifying opportunities for science diplomacy to serve as a catalyst between societies where official relationships might be limited and to strengthen civil society interactions through partnerships in science and technology. In 2012, the Center launched a new open-access, quarterly publication, Science 26 Diplomacy, as a forum for policy discourse at the nexus of scientific cooperation and foreign policy. (Edward, "Oceans, Weather, Health—U.S. Researchers Explore Potential Collaboration with Cuban Colleagues", May 1, 2012, http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2012/0501cuba.shtml-http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2012/0501cuba.shtml HW)
They are next-door neighbors, sharing all the amenities and challenges of the
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be able to contribute to the sustainability of human societies on planet Earth." 

The plan results in academic exchanges – it builds a global model for scholarship and information sharing
Johnson 12 – CSIS, a senior fellow and director of the Americas Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a Washington, D.C.-based think tank. He has more than 20 years of experience in Western Hemisphere affairs spanning policymaking, policy advocacy, and public affairs in the Department of Defense, the Washington policy community, and the State Department. From 2007 to 2009, Johnson served as deputy assistant secretary of defense for Western Hemisphere affairs, overseeing the development and execution of policies, strategies, and programs governing hemispheric defense and security ties. From 1999 to 2006, Johnson served as a senior foreign policy analyst at the Washington-based Heritage Foundation, testifying before Congress and authoring studies on U.S. policy as well as Latin American politics, trade, development, and security. His commentaries have appeared in the Wall Street Journal, Miami Herald, Business Week, and Diario Las Américas. His broadcast appearances have included CNN en Español, Univisión, Telemundo, C-SPAN, and MSNBC. He is the author of Iran’s Influence in the Americas. (Stephen, "U.S.-Cuba Academic and Science-Based Exchanges", August 2012, http://csis.org/files/publication/120821_Johnson_U.S.-CubaExchanges_Web.pdf-http://csis.org/files/publication/120821_Johnson_U.S.-CubaExchanges_Web.pdf, HW)
Since the early days of official U.S. public diplomacy at the outset
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us celebrate our mutual anniversaries by starting a new era of scientific cooperation.
 

Its a visible signal of leadership - sparks broader diplomatic efforts
AAAS 2010 ~Agre, Pickering: Science Diplomacy a "Critical Tool" in U.S. Foreign Policy http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2010/0212oped_sun.shtml~~
While the United States has made promising steps in science diplomacy, including the recent
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new partnerships and address common challenges, especially with Muslim-majority countries.

Specifically Cuban science cooperation is key to effective Atmospheric Science
Lempinen, 12 – Researcher at the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Public Information Officer at The World Academy of Sciences, cites the best nuclear author person ever Mr. Robock (Edward W., "Oceans, Weather, Health—U.S. Researchers Explore Potential Collaboration with Cuban Colleagues" American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1 May 2012 http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2012/0501cuba.shtml)ahayes
Atmospheric research is another area where Cuba and the United States share tangible common interests
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be able to contribute to the sustainability of human societies on planet Earth."

Current sanctions prevent investment in Cuba’s biotechnology on a global scale
Starr 13 July 01, 2013-the codirector of the Center for Science and Medical Journalism and a professor of journalism at Boston University."THE CUBAN BIOTECH REVOLUTION" http://nylatinojournal.com/home/business_economics/med_biotech/the_cuban_biotech_revolution.html-http://nylatinojournal.com/home/business_economics/med_biotech/the_cuban_biotech_revolution.html)
Faced with economic calamity, Castro did something remarkable: He poured hundreds of millions
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It’s all cancer therapies, AIDS medications, and vaccines against tropical diseases. 

Cuba has unique agricultural and medical biotechnology – the plan is key to make it available globally
Juma and Konde 2 (Juma, Calestous, rofessor of the Practice of International Development and Director of the Science, Technology, and Globalization Project at the Harvard Kennedy School; Konde, Victor, Scientific Affairs Officer with the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa; Environment. Jul/Aug2002, Vol. 44 Issue 6, p22. 14p. 9 Color Photographs; "Industrial Applications for Biotechnology: Opportunities for Developing Countries"; EBSCO; KDUB)
Market inclusion through international alliances also is illustrated by Cuban experiences in biotechnology commercialization.
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economic conditions that might divert resource allocation and political commitment to other sectors.

US-Cuba science cooperation is key to solve all tropical disease – more virulent strains of are emerging NOW
Discovery 13
~Discovery News, February 11, 2013, "Could Cuba Help U.S. Fight Tropical Diseases?" http://news.discovery.com/human/cuba-help-fight-tropical-diseases-dengue-fever.htm-http://news.discovery.com/human/cuba-help-fight-tropical-diseases-dengue-fever.htm~~
When it comes to issues like the spread of infectious disease, increased collaboration with
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the doctor, you suffer the tyranny of the doctor," he joked.

Biotech solves soil erosion and earthworms
Fawcett and Towry 02 (Researchers for the CTIC (Conservation Technology Information Center), a non-profit organization dedicated to environmentally responsible and economically viable agricultural decision-making "Conservation Tillage and Plant Biotechnology: How New Technologies Can Improve the Environment By Reducing the Need to Plow", pgs. 1-4,http://www.whybiotech.com/resources/tps/ConservationTillageandPlantBiotechnology.pdf)//KDUB
There is a strong association between the use of herbicide-tolerant biotech crops and
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in this report will focus on glyphosate-tolerant varieties developed through biotechnology. 

No war – international institutions and societal shifts
Contreras, 12  – Fellow, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University (Dominic, citing Steven Pinker, Harvard College Professor and Johnstone Family Professor in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University, citing Joshua A. Goldstein, Professor Emeritus, School of International Service, American University, February 1, 2012, "Winning the War on War?", Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/21707/winning_the_war_on_war.html?breadcrumb=2Fproject2F522Fintrastate_conflict_program, Hensel)
In a jointly authored December 2011 op-ed in the New York Times,
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, but according to Pinker, "you can’t miss the trend line." 

No scenario for escalation — inevitable incentives for conflict minimization
Quinlan, 9 - distinguished former British defence strategist, former Permanent Under-Secretary of State at the British Ministry of Defence, Prof. @ Wimbledon College and Merton College, Oxford. Director of the Ditchley Foundation, (Sir Michael, Thinking About Nuclear Weapons: Principles, Problems, Prospects, 2009, Pg. 67-69, Google Books)AH
It was occasionally conjectured that nuclear war might be triggered by the real but accidental
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action at short notice should be abandoned. Chapter 13 returns to this.

Nuclear war doesn’t cause extinction – prefer models
Seitz 6 - former associate of the John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies at Harvard University’s Center for International Affairs (Russell, "The’ Nuclear Winter ’ Meltdown Photoshopping the Apocalypse", http://adamant.typepad.com/seitz/2006/12/preherein_honor.html-http://adamant.typepad.com/seitz/2006/12/preherein_honor.html)//AM
All that remains of Sagan’s Big Chill are curves such as this , but history
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invoke rare phenomena as commonplace, claiming it prudent to assume the worst.

Plan

Thankfully the plan solves –
The United States federal government should remove its economic restrictions pertaining to science against Cuba.

Tournament: - | Round: 1 | Opponent: - | Judge: -
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