Tournament: Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Westside HW | Judge: Andrew James
Text: We endorse the entirety of the 1AC except for an affirmative ballot
 

1. Counterplan is a pic out of voting aff – they have to prove a necessary or quantifiable benefit to voting aff that outweighs the net benefit. Err neg on presumption because the counterplan is less change than a world of endorsing the aff.
   
   2. They have not affirmed the resolution – the burden of the negative shifts in a world where we are no longer responsible for negating the resolution. Err neg on any competition questions.
   
   3. Net benefit – Coalitions Disad
   A. Link – Debate is a competition – using it for a movement causes backlash which crushes coalitions.
   Deborah Tannen, Ph.D., Georgetown University professor of linguistics and University Professor, 1998, “The Argument Culture,” p. 174
   Another scholar who questions... adversary's unfair tactics.
   
   B. Impact – Coalition building is the only way to effectuate change – this internal link turns the entirety of the aff.
   Krishna, University of Hawaii political science professor, 1993 Summer, Sankaran, Alternatives, “The Importance of Being Ironic: A Postcolonial View on Critical International Relations Theory” p. 399-401, accessed 8-8-12, TAP
   In this regard, Der Derian's point...international theory and its impact on such an activist politics.

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 4 | Opponent: GBN MS | Judge: Christopher Thomas
The United States federal government should eliminate nearly all domestic support for biofuel by repealing conventional biofuel requirements under the Renewable Fuels Standard, the Blenders Tax Credit for conventional biofuels, and the tariff on imports of ethanol.

Eliminating the tariff key to building a global market—US cred
Ariel Cohen PhD, Heritage Foundation, “Two Cheers for the President’s Brazilian Ethanol Initiative,” WEB MEMO n. 1401, 2007, http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/wm1401.cfm
Protectionism on the ...importation will be necessary.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Westside HW | Judge: Andrew James
Counterplan Text: The United States Federal Government should negotiate a global agreement that incorporates exploitation of migrant labor into trafficking law. 

Counterplan solves the case: A multilateral agreement on trade in labor allows for the free flow of human capital – produces a global rethinking of labor that promotes humans rights
Bravo, Indiana University Law School Associate Professor, Fall 2009 Karen E., "Free Labor! A Labor Liberalization Solution to Modern Trafficking in Humans",  Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems  Fall, 2009  18 Transnat'l L. and Contemp. Probs. 545, lexis law, accessed: 8-1-10
IV. Solution: Multilateral Labor...enforces fundamental human rights.

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 6 | Opponent: GBN CH | Judge: Robel Worku
The United States federal government should pass the National Strategic and Critical Minerals Production Act of 2013 and the Economic Development Administration should create a national network of advanced industries innovation hubs.
Solves
Saha and Muro 13 (Devashree Saha and Mark Muro, Brookings, “Cut to Invest: Create a Nationwide Network of Advanced Industries Innovation Hubs”, http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2013/01/14-federalism-series-advanced-industries-hubs, January 14, 2013)
Congress should authorize...long-term competitiveness.

Tournament: Caucus | Round: 3 | Opponent: Dowling WZ | Judge: Richard Tews
4
Vote neg to endorse that the United States federal government should add every country to the list of countries governed by Section 6(j) of the Export Administration Act. The United States federal government should cease current and ban future projects of regime change, economic sanctions, military base expansion, military occupation, military assistance for strategic partners, isolation of disapproved political movements, and counterterrorism operations to countries governed by Section 6(j) of the Export Administration Act.
Counterplan solves – the aff takes Cuba off the list of state sponsors of terrorism, the counterplan adds every country to the list of state sponsors of terrorism but says being on the list of state sponsors of terrorism prevents the US from being able to militarily or coercively intervene in that country’s affairs. Your author concludes the only reason the list is problematic is it allows neoconservative approaches towards those countries, but we solve that better
Jackson, Professor in International Politics at Aberystwyth University, 2007 Richard, “Critical reflection on counter-sanctuary discourse”,  In: M. Innes, ed. Denial of sanctuary: understanding terrorist safe havens, p. 30-33
A related problem for the "terrorist sanctuaries"...civilian-directed state terror.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Washington | Judge: Jonass Placitis
The United States is taking a firm stance against appeasement in Latin America
Benner, 09  - Assistant Director of the Managing Global Insecurity Project at the Brookings Institution, Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization at the Department of State, and the Office of Conflict Management and Mitigation at USAID, and U.S. Embassy Kathmandu. (Holly, “President Obama’s first 100 days”, Brookings Institution – Managing Global Insecurity, 5/1, http://www.brookings.edu/media/Research/Files/Reports/2009/5/0120obama20mgi/obama_mgi.PDF)
Management and Mitigation at USAID, and U.S. Embassy Kathmandu. Obama
AND
interrelated issues and ensuring domestic politics are aligned to support the global agenda.

Appeasement ruins American credibility—encourages resistance to US policy
Rock 2k—professor of political science @ Vassar College, Ph.D., Government, Cornell University, 1985; M.A., Government, Cornell University, 1982; A.B., Political Science, Miami University, 1979 (Stephen R, Appeasement in International Politics, p. 4)
It does so in either (or both) or two ways. First,
AND
in blatant disregard of warnings from London and Paris that they would intervene. 

Decline in U.S. Credibility Undermines U.S. Hegemony
APSA 09 (American Political Science Association, “U.S. Standing in the World: Causes, Consequences, and the Future”, Task Force Report, September 2009)
As at the regional level, U.S. standing on the global stage
AND
, however, that is harder to recover standing than to lose it.

Extinction
Thomas P.M. Barnett, chief analyst, Wikistrat, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S. and Globalization, at Crossroads,” WORLD POLITICS REVIEW, 3—7—11, www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads
Events in Libya are a further reminder for Americans that we stand at a crossroads
AND
the 20th century, setting the stage for the Pacific Century now unfolding.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Washington | Judge: Jonass Placitis
A. Israel-Palestine peace talks will succeed now, but continued focus by Kerry is key
Keinon 9-26-13 (Herb, staff writer, "Kerry says Israel, Palestinian talks to intensify with increased US role" Jerusalem Post) www.jpost.com/Diplomacy-and-Politics/Kerry-Israel-Palestinian-agree-to-intensify-peace-talks-with-increased-US-role-327097

After seven rounds of direct Israeli-Palestinian talks since July, Israel, the
AND
the Palestinians, during a press conference with PA Finance Minister Shukri Bishara. 

C. Diplomatic capital is finite – each new issue trades off with another one
Anderson and Grewell 2000
(Terry L., Executive Director of the Property and Environment Research Center, J. Bishop, former  research associate for PERC. He is a graduate of Stanford University, the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, and Northwestern Law School, “The Greening of Foreign Policy”, PERC Policy Series: PS-20, December 2000, http://www.perc.org/pdf/ps20.pdf)

Greater international environmental regulation can increase international tension. Foreign policy is a bag of
AND
domination of key geographic regions, supporting our allies, securing vital resources, 

D. Peace talks will succeed- US diplomacy is key to Mid-east peace
Elsner, 13 -- former Reuters chief political correspondent
Alan, 30-years’ experience in international journalism, former Reuters State Department correspondent, former professor at Princeton, Dartmouth, American and George Washington University, "Conditions Not Perfect for Israeli-Palestinian Peace -- But May Be as Good as They'll Get," Huffington Post, 7-17-13, www.huffingtonpost.com/alan-elsner/israel-palestine-peace-process_b_3606126.html, accessed 7-18-13, mss

To those who argue that Israel should not make peace with Arab nations because they
AND
the rewards are so great that it would be criminal not to try.

E. Mid-east wars cause extinction
Russell, 9 (James A. Russell, Senior Lecturer, National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School, ‘9 (Spring) “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East” IFRI, Proliferation Papers, #26, http://www.ifri.org/downloads/PP26_Russell_2009.pdf__)

Strategic stability in the region is thus undermined by various factors: (1)
AND
the peoples of the region, with substantial risk for the entire world.

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 4 | Opponent: GBN MS | Judge: Christopher Thomas
Growth of large scale biofuel industry marginalizes women in developing countries
FAO 08
(“Large-scale biofuel production may increase marginalization of women”, April 21, http://209.85.165.104/search?q=cache:U5jj53mpSxAJ:www.fao.org/Newsroom/en/news/2008/1000830/index.html+Rapid+increases+in+theE280A6percent+in+the+Caribbean.andhl=enandct=clnkandcd=1andgl=us)
21 April 2008, Rome – Rapid...35 percent in the Caribbean.

That leads to extremism – reject all instances of women violence
COLEMAN ‘4
(Israel, “The Payoff From Women’s Rights”, May/June, http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20040501faessay83308/isobel-coleman/th...)
Yet significant gender disparities...advance women's rights abroad.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Washington | Judge: Jonass Placitis
Shunning violators is an a-priori concern – key to uphold a moral order
Beversluis, 89 (Eric H. April 1989. “On Shunning Undesirable Regimes: Ethics and Economic Sanctions.” Public Affairs Quarterly, April, vol. 3, no. 2)

A fundamental task
AND
have put it.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Washington | Judge: Jonass Placitis
Will pass but now is key
CNN 9/26/13, “Analysis: Why a government shutdown (probably) won't happen,” http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/26/politics/analysis-shutdown-chances/?hpt=hp_t2
No science or religion can accurately predict what will happen in Congress.¶ But looking
AND
scenario is the reason there is still a chance a shutdown could happen.
Obama’s push is key to derail GOP opposition
Patrick Reis 9/16, reporter at National Journal, “Obama Dares Republicans to Defy Tea Party on Obamacare, Shutdown Deal,” http://www.nationaljournal.com/whitehouse/obama-dares-republicans-to-defy-tea-party-on-obamacare-shutdown-deal-20130916
President Obama took a swipe at the Hard Right on Monday, accusing tea-
AND
-induced spending cuts that Obama on Monday said were hurting economic growth.

Shutdown causes cyberterrorism
Alysha Sideman 11, 2-23-2011, “Agencies must determine computer security teams in face of potential federal shutdown,” Federal Computer Week, http://fcw.com/Articles/2011/02/23/Agencies-must-determine-computer-security-teams-in-face-of-shutdown.aspx?Page=1
With the WikiLeaks hacks and other threats to cybersecurity present, guarding against cyberattacks has
AND
be vulnerable in the face of an attack, reports Federal Computer Week.
Nuke war
Fritz 9 Jason, Former Captain of the U.S. Army, July, Hacking Nuclear Command and Control, www.icnnd.org/Documents/Jason_Fritz_Hacking_NC2.doc
The US uses the two-man rule to achieve a higher level of security
AND
of mass DDoS attacks, real world protests, and accusations between governments.

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 4 | Opponent: GBN MS | Judge: Christopher Thomas
The 1ac’s faith in modern economics facilitates exploitation, violence and oppression – a paradigm shift is key
Sivaraksa 2 (Sulak, one of the fathers of the International Network of Engaged Buddhists (INEB), “Economic Aspects of Social and Environmental Violence from a Buddhist Perspective,” Muse)
If we understand... leads to selflessness.

The impact is extinction
Puntasen 7 (APICHAI, Professor and Dean, Faculty of Management Science, December 12, 2007, “BUDDHIST ECONOMICS AS A NEW PARADIGM TOWARDS HAPPINESS,” Society and Economy, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 181-200)
It has now been ... a paradigm shift.

Tournament: Michigan | Round: Quarters | Opponent: GBS HK | Judge: Weil, Hancock, Allen
Society is controlled by walking dildos and t\The AFF approaches the public sphere with male privilege by assuming a gender - neutral political subject. This renders the female body invisible
Fraser 90
Nancy Fraser. Rethinking the Public Sphere. Social Text. No 25/26.
Now, let me juxtapose…is not sufficient to make it so.

Patriarchy turns all impacts
Ray in 1997
A. E. Ray “The Shame of it: gender-based terrorism in the former Yugoslavia and the failureof international human rights law to comprehend the injuries.” The American University Law Review. Vol 46.  
In order to reach all of the violence perpetrated against the women of the former Yugoslavia that is not committed by soldiers or other officials of the state, human lights law must move beyond its artificially constructed barriers between "public" and "private" actions: A feminist perspective…  is women's bodies." 7 2

Our Alternative is a castration of the system – separating us from the phallocentric logic of the polis. A method of radical female revolution through a lesbian separatist society refuses male presence.
Only Reclaiming the notion of lesbianism beyond mere sexual classification breaks from the norms imposed by Male Hegemony and exposes the dehumanizing understanding of woman as an object to be fucked by man. To reclaim lesbianism is to reject the demands of the male cultural system and to create and celebrate the bonds of the female world.
Radicalesbians 1970 Radicalesbians, “The Woman Identified Woman” http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/womid/
What is a lesbian? … associations among ourselves.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Westside HW | Judge: Andrew James
Their role of the ballot argument overextends the political by claiming that this debate space represents something more than a competition for a win. Arguing that the ballot carries discursive significance is the same logic as the discourse theory of citizenship which claims every action is political
Rufo and Atchison, 2011
(Ken Rufo, Ph.D. in Rhetoric from the University of Georgia, Jarrod Atchison, Ph.D. in Rhetoric from the University of Georgia, Review of Communication,  Vol. 11, No. 3, July 2011, pp. 193215)
Laclau (1996) has written... with neighbors over dinner). 

History demonstrates to us that this over-extension carries with it the seeds of tyranny instead of resistance
Rufo and Atchison, 2011
(Ken Rufo, Ph.D. in Rhetoric from the University of Georgia, Jarrod Atchison, Ph.D. in Rhetoric from the University of Georgia, Review of Communication,  Vol. 11, No. 3, July 2011, pp. 193215)
A Fascism of/and the Political If....the political per se. 

Our alternative is to vote Neg to resist the over-extension of the political. Their consistent call for you to use your ballot to support change is the over-extension of the political that always focuses on increasing political participation. Before you consider using your ballot in the name of change you must confront the fascist nature of holding our entire community hostage to their inspection.
Rufo and Atchison, 2011
(Ken Rufo, Ph.D. in Rhetoric from the University of Georgia, Jarrod Atchison, Ph.D. in Rhetoric from the University of Georgia, Review of Communication,  Vol. 11, No. 3, July 2011, pp. 193215)
The mention of fascism is of...indeed the very essence of fascism. (p. 144)

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harker SM | Judge: Liam Hancock
Red Spread K: http://imgur.com/gallery/9bSU0

The 1AC is built on on a masculine gaze. As prisoners of patriarchy, non masculine identities are forced to fit into discourses of the normal. The political sphere’s assumption of a gender-neutral renders the feminine body invisible. Menstruation is a prime example of this hidden regulation – the kritik embraces the leaks and stains of our foreign policy and solves the aff best

Patterson, 13 - Master of Arts in Sociology from UNO (Ashly, "The Menstrual Body," May 2013, http://scholarworks.uno.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=267426context=td-http://scholarworks.uno.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=267426context=td)//HAL
Though Goffman’s theory enhances our understanding of menstruation as a social stigma, his ahistorical
AND
Unger and Crawford, quoted in Chapple et al., 2000: 75). 

Patriarchy turns all impacts

Ray in 1997
A. E. Ray "The Shame of it: gender-based terrorism in the former Yugoslavia and the failureof international human rights law to comprehend the injuries." The American University Law Review. Vol 46.  
In order to reach all of the violence perpetrated against the women of the former
AND
~ political struggle ~over female subordination~ is women’s bodies." 7 2

The alternative is to menstruate the masculine and and embrace strategic reversibility – a negative ballot reverses power on itself.

Patterson, 13 - Master of Arts in Sociology from UNO (Ashly, "The Menstrual Body," May 2013, http://scholarworks.uno.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=267426context=td-http://scholarworks.uno.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=267426context=td)//HAL
Radical Menarchists: A Menstrual Revolution Radical menstruators combine the theories and grassroots activist tactics
AND
it is not in any way indicative of a physical or psychological illness.

Tournament: Caucus | Round: 1 | Opponent: DM Roosevelt RO | Judge: Chris McDonald
The 1AC is reliant on a security discourse - causes extinction.  
Talbot 8 ( 'Us' and 'Them': Terrorism, Conflict and (O)ther Discursive Formations  by Steven Talbot Defence Science and Technology Organisation Sociological Research Online, Volume 13, Issue 1Published: 21/3/2008)
As a point of departure...the diversity extant within ‘so-called’ homogenous populations.

Role of the ballot is to either accept or reject the affs securitization—its only securitized if you vote aff
Saltera 8 (Securitization and desecuritization: a dramaturgical analysis of the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority  Mark B Saltera  School of Politics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5. E-mail: msalter@uottawa.ca, , 2008
This model of settings for securitizing...policy making discourse' (Floyd 2007: 336).

Tournament: Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Westside HW | Judge: Andrew James
The search for a meaningful critical reflection and deep metaphysical profundity is stupid -- vote neg
ten Bos '7 Rene, Social Epistemology Vol 21 No 2 "The Vitality of Stupidity" professor of philosophy and organizational theory at Radboud University, The Netherlands. jstor
Contemplating the heavenly bodies, ......smartness, intelligence or wisdom in organizational settings?

Tournament: Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Westside HW | Judge: Andrew James
No one knows what is good and bad. Reject the aff’s judgments, even if we lose all life on earth
Kirkland 98 Russell Kirkland, Associate Professor of Religion (and Asian Studies), “"Responsible Non-Action" In a Natural World: Perspectives from the Nei-Yeh, Chuang-Tzu, and Tao-Te Ching,” 1998, University of Georgia, http://kirkland.myweb.uga.edu/rk/pdf/pubs/ECO.pdf
Why It Is Wrong to Resent .... the new state of things.

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 4 | Opponent: GBN MS | Judge: Christopher Thomas
A. Interpretation: Economic engagement is just trade, investment and technology transfer – it excludes aid and development assistance
Hall, 11 - Senior Fellow in International Relations, Australian National University (Ian “The engagement of India”, Paper submitted at workshop for the Australia India Institute,
http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/30197993/1_Hall.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIR6FSIMDFXPEERSAandExpires=1371520591andSignature=2FQOoAjmvG2BCjEcrw3Ys8FyKydp83Dandresponse-content-disposition=inline
This book explores... and development assistance, and so on.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Washington | Judge: Jonass Placitis
Economic engagement has to be government-to-government – not private economic engagement
Daga, 13 - director of research at Politicas Publicas para la Libertad, in Bolivia, and a visiting senior policy analyst at the Heritage Foundation (Sergio, “Economics of the 2013-2014 Debate Topic: U.S. Economic Engagement Toward Cuba, Mexico or Venezuela”, National Center for Policy Analysis, 5/15, http://www.ncpa.org/pdfs/Message_to_Debaters_6-7-13.pdf)
Economic engagement between or among countries can take many forms, but this document will
AND
some issues are more important with respect to some countries than to others.

‘Its’ means ownership
Glossary of English Grammar Terms, 2005  
(http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/possessive-pronoun.html)
Mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs are the possessive pronouns used to substitute a noun and toshow possession or ownership.
EG. This is your disk and that's mine. (Mine substitutes the word disk and shows that it belongs to me.)

Tournament: Caucus | Round: 6 | Opponent: SPC FS | Judge: Rubaie
“Economic” engagement is limited to trade and financial transactions –inclusive and exclusive definition
Resnick 1 –Ph.D. in Political Science from Columbia University, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University, (Dr. Evan, “Defining Engagement”, Journal of International Affairs, Spring, 54(2), Ebsco)
Scholars have limited the concept of engagement...types of positive sanctions.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dowling | Judge: Christian Palacios

Economic engagement is a subset of conditional engagement and implies a tit-for-tat exchange

Shinn 96 ~James Shinn, C.V. Starr Senior Fellow for Asia at the CFR in New York City and director of the council’s multi-year Asia Project, worked on economic affairs in the East Asia Bureau of the US Dept of State, "Weaving the Net: Conditional Engagement with China," pp. 9 and 11, google books~
In sum, conditional engagement consists of
AND
105, no. 3 (1990), pp. 383-88).