Tournament: St Marks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Colleyville Heritage CL | Judge: Jason Courville
US Brazil Relations at crossroads
Bodman and Wolfensohn, Chairs Independent Task Force CFR, 2011
(Samuel W. Bodman and James D. Wolfensohn, Chairs; Julia E. Sweig, Project Director
“Global Brazil and U.S.-Brazil Relations”  Independent Task Force Report No. 66 CAIO accessed tm 7/9)
Brazil and the
respect and tolerance.

And Brazil is trying to sell us ethanol now –Brazil wants energy cooperation on Ethanol
Barbosa, former Brazil ambassador to US, 2011
(Ruben, National Interest, july CIAO accessed TM 7/8) 

Washington’s decision to
safety and¶ transportation.

US Brazil relations key to solving myriad of problems – promoting free markets, ensuring security, countering China and countering regional problems 

Kurtz, The Daily Northwestern Columnist, 2013, Michael, “Kurtz: U.S.-Brazil relations show it takes two to samba”, The Daily NorthWestern, February 20, 2013, http://dailynorthwestern.com/2013/02/20/opinion/kurtz-u-s-brazil-relation-show-it-takes-two-to-samba/, 7/10/13, JG 

These issues are
fiery leftist provocateurs.

Tournament: Newman Smith | Round: 2 | Opponent: St Marks PG | Judge:
Link: Capitalism perpetuates the exclusion of women from male dominated fields like international relations
Salleh 9 – Professor in Department of Political Economy @ University of Sydney, Ph.D Law, Ethics and Public Affairs @ Griffith, MA Sociology @ Australian National University, BA Psychology @ University of Tasmania (Ariel, “Sighting Animals through the Lens of Hegemonic Masculinity”, Capitalism Nature Socialism, 2009, Vol. 20, No. 1, 130-134, RSpec)
Of course, templates...a “natural capacity.” 

Link: Policy Bad

Emphasis on strict policymaking and empirics is antiproductive and prevents consideration of power structures that deeply influence policy—We increase Topic education
Murphy, Research Professor; Department of Conflict Resolution, Human Security, and Global Governance at the University of Massachusetts, 96 (Craig N., “Seeing Women, Recognizing Gender, Recasting International Relations”, International Organization 50:3, Summer 1996, JSTOR)AS
Keeping debate open...virtues as significant

Their attempt to exclude the critique is itself a form of perpetuating status quo power structures and domination- this is an in-round impact
Runyan and Peterson, professor of women’s, gender, and sexuality studies at the University of Cincinnati and Professor of International Relations School of Government and Public Policy at the University of Arizona 91 (Anne Sisson and V Spike, “The Radical Future of Realism: Feminist Subversions of IR Theory”, Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 16:1, Winter 1991, JSTOR)
As feminists are...that is, domination.

Unwillingness to discuss post-positivist critiques prevents truly understanding IR and the danger of our binary modes of thinking
Peterson, Professor of International Relations School of Government and Public Policy at the University of Arizona, 92 (V Spike, “Transgressing Boundaries: Theories of Knowledge, Gender, and International Relations”, Millenium: Journal of International Studies 21:2, 1992, http://www.u.arizona.edu/~spikep/Publications/VSP20TransgBoundaries20Millenn201992.pdf)//AS
lf, as this...most post-positivists.

We must engage with alternative forms of knowledge production—their focus on empirics erases already marginalized discourses
Nagar et al., Professor of Gender, Women and Sexuality Studies at the University of Minnesota 02 (Richa, Victoria Lawson, Linda McDowell and Susan Hanson, “Locating Globalization: Feminist (Re)readings of the Subjects and Spaces of Globalization”, Economic Geogrpahy 78:3, July 2002, JSTOR)AS
This proposition is...people, or money (Burawoy et al. 2000;  Clifford 1997; Kaplan 1996; Marcus 1998)

The kritik transcends and defeats the affirmative’s framework of basic policy – rather it applies the ethics of care into policymaking that opens up new and preferable ways of thinking
Robinson ’11 – Carleton University, Canada (Fiona, “Stop Talking and Listen: Discourse Ethics and Feminist Care Ethics in International Political Theory,” Millennium – Journal of International Studies, March 2011, vol. 39, no.3, http://mil.sagepub.com/content/39/3/845)//SS

Indeed, taking seriously...substance of democracy. 

Acknowledging the multiplicity of the feminist experience within educational spaces is critical
Chowdhury, Associate Professor of Women's Studies at the University of Massachusetts, 09 (EloraHalim, “Locating Global Feminisms Elsewhere: Braiding US Women of Color and Transnationa; Feminisms”, Cultural Dynamics 21:51, 2009, Sage Publications)AS
My intent here...claims to transform.

Gendered structures of international relations and politics culminate in environmental destruction, nuclear war, and extinction
Tickner 1992
(J. Ann Tickner, Professor of International Relations at USC. Gender in International Relations: Feminist Perspectives on Achieving Global Security. 1992, http://www.ciaonet.org/book/tickner/)
In the modern...in the home.

Tournament: Newman Smith | Round: 2 | Opponent: St Marks PG | Judge:
CP Text: The United States Federal Government should offer Mexico to do the plan if Mexico agrees to meet human rights conditions established by the Merida Initiative

US should withhold future aid unless Mexico meets human rights conditions
Roth, 09 – executive director of the Human Rights Watch (Kevin Roth, JULY 13, 2009, “Mexico: US Should Withhold Military Aid Rights Conditions in Merida Initiative Remain Unmet”, Human Rights Watch)GPastor
The Merida Initiative...the aid package." 

NB

US credibility in LA low now—only a commitment to promote human rights solves
Sikkink 04 political science professor at the University of Minnesota, PhD from Columbia (Kathryn A Sikkink, 2004, “Mixed Signals: U.S. Human Rights Policy and Latin America”, book) KY
This is just ...authoritarian military regimes.

m, and train authoritarian regimes that carried out massive human rights abuses against their citizens. In principle, anticommunism could be made compatible with a commitment to human rights, hut U.S. policy makers in Latin America had come to accept as an article of faith that anticommunism required strong support for authoritarian military regimes.

Human rights Conditions empirically solve Poverty in Latin America
Barshefsky et al, 2008 – Chair on the Council of foreign relations, senior international Partner at Wilmer Culter Pickering Hale in Washington D.C. She joined the firm after serving as U.S. trade representative from 1997 to 2001. (Charlene Barshefsky, James Hill, Shannon K. O’ Neil, “U.S.-Latin American Relations: A New Direction For A New Reality”, Council on Foreign Relations)GP
Other Latin American...in the short term. 

The aff increases the economic inequality of the status quo – the conditions on human rights solves poverty in Latin America
Pogge, 08 (Thomas Pogge, Professor of Philosophy and International Affairs at Yale University, 2008, “World Poverty and Human Rights” second edition, pg26-28,DH)
Some hold (and...stops with us.

Evaluate poverty first – kills 18 million people a year
Pogge, 08 ( Thomas Pogge, Professor of Philosophy and International Affairs at Yale University, 2008, “World Poverty and Human Rights” second edition, pg. 2,DH)
Since the Enlightenment...currency exchange rates.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harker KM | Judge: Jon Voss
Kerry is pushing climate cooperation with India now has to stay focused to overcome resistance – cooperation is key to modeling and solves extinction
Revkin 6/27 (Andrew C., New York Times Opinion Section, Kerry Proposes U.S.-India Push on Carbon and Climate, 6/27/13, http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/27/kerry-proposes-u-s-india-push-on-carbon-and-climate/?_r=0)//LA
Shortly after prodding
keeps at it.

Effective Latin American diplomacy drains Kerry – “no link” claims just prove the Aff doesn’t solve
Valencia 13 (Robert, 2/11/13, Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs and is a contributing writer for Global Voices. “Diplomatic efforts in Latin America require fresh faces”, World Policy Blog, http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2013/02/11/diplomatic-efforts-latin-america-require-fresh-faces, SJ)
While the global
knowledgeable diplomatic corps. 

Diplomatic resources are finite – focus on the plan trades off
Anderson and Grewell, 2k2 Terry is a professor of economics at Montana State and J. Bishop is a Research Associate and Political Economy research Center, http://www.perc.org/pdf/ps20.pdf
Greater international environmental
to foreign economies.”

(optional) Warming causes extinction – it outweighs the Aff
Deibel ‘7 Terry L. Deibel, professor of IR @ National War College, 2007, Foreign Affairs Strategy, Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today
Droughts, floods, and
on this planet.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harker KM | Judge: Jon Voss
US economic engagement is a vehicle for neoliberal exploitation – the plan becomes a tool for military intervention and US security interests while strengthening its economic grip over Latin America
Jacobs 4 (Jamie Elizabeth, Assistant Prof of Polisci at West Virginia U, "Neoliberalism and Neopanamericanism: The View from Latin America,"  Latin American Politics and Society 46.4 (2004) 149-152, MUSE)
The advance of
in the South. End Page 150 

Failure to shift from neoliberal economic arrangements causes extinction
Darder 10 (Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED  
It is fitting
walk the earth. 

Vote negative to valorize our criticism of Westernized neoliberal logic---the alternatives knowledge production is capable of re-politicizing capitalism creating the space for transformation away from the 1AC’s EuroAmerican centrism
Sheppard and Leitner 9 (Eric Sheppard, PhD, geographer and Regents Professor of Economic geography at the University of Minnesota,  Helga Leitner “ Quo vadis neoliberalism? The remaking of global capitalist governance after the Washington Consensus,” http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/geog/downloads/7235/496.pdf)
We have argued
and cultural subordination” (Fraser, 1997, p. 28).

Capitalism perpetuates the exclusion of women from male dominated fields like international relations
Salleh 9 – Professor in Department of Political Economy @ University of Sydney, Ph.D Law, Ethics and Public Affairs @ Griffith, MA Sociology @ Australian National University, BA Psychology @ University of Tasmania (Ariel, “Sighting Animals through the Lens of Hegemonic Masculinity”, Capitalism Nature Socialism, 2009, Vol. 20, No. 1, 130-134, RSpec)
Of course, templates
a “natural capacity.”

Emphasis on strict policymaking and empirics is antiproductive and prevents consideration of power structures that deeply influence policy—We increase Topic education
Murphy, Research Professor; Department of Conflict Resolution, Human Security, and Global Governance at the University of Massachusetts, 96 (Craig N., “Seeing Women, Recognizing Gender, Recasting International Relations”, International Organization 50:3, Summer 1996, JSTOR)AS
Keeping debate open
virtues as significant

Their attempt to exclude the critique is itself a form of perpetuating status quo power structures and domination- this is an in-round impact
Runyan and Peterson, professor of women’s, gender, and sexuality studies at the University of Cincinnati and Professor of International Relations School of Government and Public Policy at the University of Arizona 91 (Anne Sisson and V Spike, “The Radical Future of Realism: Feminist Subversions of IR Theory”, Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 16:1, Winter 1991, JSTOR)AS
Feminists are not
that is, domination.

Unwillingness to discuss post-positivist critiques prevents truly understanding IR and the danger of our binary modes of thinking
Peterson, Professor of International Relations School of Government and Public Policy at the University of Arizona, 92 (V Spike, “Transgressing Boundaries: Theories of Knowledge, Gender, and International Relations”, Millenium: Journal of International Studies 21:2, 1992, http://www.u.arizona.edu/~spikep/Publications/VSP20TransgBoundaries20Millenn201992.pdf)//AS
lf, as this
We must engage with alternative forms of knowledge production—their focus on empirics erases already marginalized discourses
Nagar et al., Professor of Gender, Women and Sexuality Studies at the University of Minnesota 02 (Richa, Victoria Lawson, Linda McDowell and Susan Hanson, “Locating Globalization: Feminist (Re)readings of the Subjects and Spaces of Globalization”, Economic Geogrpahy 78:3, July 2002, JSTOR)AS
This proposition is
people, or money (Burawoy et al. 2000;  Clifford 1997; Kaplan 1996; Marcus 1998)

The kritik transcends and defeats the affirmative’s framework of basic policy – rather it applies the ethics of care into policymaking that opens up new and preferable ways of thinking
Robinson ’11 – Carleton University, Canada (Fiona, “Stop Talking and Listen: Discourse Ethics and Feminist Care Ethics in International Political Theory,” Millennium – Journal of International Studies, March 2011, vol. 39, no.3, http://mil.sagepub.com/content/39/3/845)//SS

Indeed, taking seriously substance of democracy. 

Acknowledging the multiplicity of the feminist experience within educational spaces is critical
Chowdhury, Associate Professor of Women's Studies at the University of Massachusetts, 09 (EloraHalim, “Locating Global Feminisms Elsewhere: Braiding US Women of Color and Transnationa; Feminisms”, Cultural Dynamics 21:51, 2009, Sage Publications)AS
My intent here
claims to transform.

Gendered structures of international relations and politics culminate in environmental destruction, nuclear war, and extinction
Tickner 1992
(J. Ann Tickner, Professor of International Relations at USC. Gender in International Relations: Feminist Perspectives on Achieving Global Security. 1992, http://www.ciaonet.org/book/tickner/)
In the modern
in the home.

Tournament: Newman Smith | Round: 2 | Opponent: St Marks PG | Judge:
US economic engagement is a vehicle for neoliberal exploitation – the plan becomes a tool for military intervention and US security interests while strengthening its economic grip over Latin America
Jacobs 4 (Jamie Elizabeth, Assistant Prof of Polisci at West Virginia U, "Neoliberalism and Neopanamericanism: The View from Latin America,"  Latin American Politics and Society 46.4 (2004) 149-152, MUSE)
The advance of...in the South. End Page 150 

Failure to shift from neoliberal economic arrangements causes extinction
Darder 10 (Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED  
It is fitting...walk the earth. 

Vote negative to valorize our criticism of Westernized neoliberal logic---the alternatives knowledge production is capable of re-politicizing capitalism creating the space for transformation away from the 1AC’s EuroAmerican centrism
Sheppard and Leitner 9 (Eric Sheppard, PhD, geographer and Regents Professor of Economic geography at the University of Minnesota,  Helga Leitner “ Quo vadis neoliberalism? The remaking of global capitalist governance after the Washington Consensus,” http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/geog/downloads/7235/496.pdf)
We have argued...and cultural subordination” (Fraser, 1997, p. 28).

The aff’s development assistance to Mexico propagates the neoliberal regime
Walker et al., 7 – Professor of Geography at the University of Kentucky (Margath, Susan M. Roberts, John Paul Jones III, and Oliver Frohling, “Neoliberal development through technical assistance: Constructing communities of entrepreneurial subjects in Oaxaca, Mexico,” 9/20/2007, http://academia.edu/1769621/Neoliberal_development_through_technical_assistance_Constructing_communities_of_entrepreneurial_subjects_in_Oaxaca_Mexico)  MS

How neoliberalism and...people’s everyday lives (Cooper and Packard, 1997: p. 3).

Tournament: Newman Smith | Round: 4 | Opponent: opponent | Judge: judge
Subpoint A is Engagement with Evil
The embargo placed on Cuba is justified as a clear rejection of the Castro dictatorship and decades of human rights violations and oppression of the Cuban people.  Engagement should not be considered an option.
Alexis I. Torres,  a Cuban American attorney in Los Angeles  Keep the Embargo on Cuba Until Castro Opens the Doors http://articles.latimes.com/1999/dec/27/local/me-47927 December 27, 1999
The other reason...by its rulers.

New Castro, same Cuba- human rights abuses still occurring
Human Rights Watch, ‘9 “Cuba: Raúl Castro Imprisons Critics, Crushes Dissent”, November 18, 2009, Human Rights Watch News, http://www.hrw.org/news/2009/11/18/cuba-ra-l-castro-imprisons-critics-crushes-dissent  

(Washington, DC) - Raúl Castro's government 

Rights Watch said. ¶
Engagement with human rights violators forces us to sell our souls for economic growth’s sake
Ed Warner 2000  “Economic Sanctions” VOA. January 4 http://www.fas.org/nuke/control/export/news/000104-sanctions1.htm
A report of...before they shoot. (signed)

Subpoint B is Condonement - Passivity helps evil flourish.  Denial of the responsibility to act in the face evil of reduces life making all impacts more probable.
Gordon and Gordon 95 Haim and Rivca, Sartre and Evil: Guidelines for a Struggle, pp. 162¶ Consequently, what constitutes...a rose garden?
You should act morally even if it causes extinction
Watson 77 Richard, World Hunger and Moral Obligation pp. 118-9
One may even...going gets rough.

Subpoint C is A Way Out – Reject the affirmative as a means of preserving the moral order.

Shunning or the refusal of economic engagement effectively restores the moral order.
Beversluis 89 Eric, Public Affairs Quarterly, Vol. 3, No. 2 (Apr., 1989), pp. 15-25
An immoral action...have put it
Acting to preserve the moral order is the best way to act morally - actions taken to preserve the moral order reinforce positive behavior while failure to preserve the moral order causes its disintegration.  Shunning does this even if a country doesn’t correct its behavior
Beversluis 89 Eric, Public Affairs Quarterly, Vol. 3, No. 2 (Apr., 1989), pp. 15-25
Consider that the...the moral order.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Whitney Young DS | Judge: Christ Leonardi
A. INTERPRETATION:
Economic engagement requires a Quid Pro Quo—the topic demands the plan must expand economic ties with an adversary to directly change target behavior

Kahler and Kastner 06
Miles, Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies at University of California, San Diego, and Scott, Department of Government and Politics at University of Maryland, “STRATEGIC USES OF ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE: ENGAGEMENT POLICIES IN SOUTH KOREA, SINGAPORE, AND TAIWAN”, Journal of Peace Research, Sage. 

Economic engagement – a
 and international politics.

Tournament: Newman Smith | Round: 4 | Opponent: opponent | Judge: judge
an engagement requires an agreement
People’s Guide to the U.S. Constitution 13 (Constitution Guide. "Glossary." Constitution Guide. The People's Guide to the United States Constitution, 2013. Web. Accessed 17 July 2013. http://thepeoplesguidetotheusconstitution.com/glossary/.)//AR

Engagements: obligations by agreement or contract

Tournament: Newman Smith | Round: 4 | Opponent: opponent | Judge: judge
Increase requires pre-existence
Brown, 03 – US Federal Judge for the UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF OREGON (ELENA MARK and PAUL GUSTAFSON, Plaintiffs, v. VALLEY INSURANCE COMPANY and VALLEY PROPERTY AND CASUALTY, Defendants, 7/17, lexis)

FCRA does not...a lower price.

Tournament: Newman Smith | Round: 4 | Opponent: opponent | Judge: judge
Topicality: Its
A. Interpretation: its means of itself
Erin McKean, 2003 (Sr. Editor), THE OXFORD AMERICAN DICTIONARY AND THESAURUS, 2003, 798. 

Its: Of itself.