Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Damien LL | Judge: Austin Ross

1AC - Glenbrooks

Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its economic engagement toward Mexico by way of nanotechnology assistance.

Advantage 1 is Environment

Squo Nanotech development in Mexico risks health and environmental disaster—US aid and oversight solves—implements precautionary principle that developing countries are failing to use

Foladori et al. 12¬-Profesor de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas
(Guillermo Foladori, Noela Invernizzi, and Fernando Bejarano, "Social and Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology Development in Latin America and the Caribbean", IPEN, 2012, http://www.ipen.org/sites/default/files/documents/ipen_nano_latin_amer-en.pdf)//sjl

More than ten years after the National Initiative of Nanotechnology in the United States,
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methods used for the production of chemical substances are also valid for nanomaterial. 

Mexico is key—Huge amounts of nano-tech from Mexico—all of it goes unregulated

Foladori et al. 12¬-Profesor de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas
(Guillermo Foladori, Noela Invernizzi, and Fernando Bejarano, "Social and Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology Development in Latin America and the Caribbean", IPEN, 2012, http://www.ipen.org/sites/default/files/documents/ipen_nano_latin_amer-en.pdf)//sjl

Evaluating the amount of nanotechnology products on the market in Latin America is not a
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hence there is no way of knowing what truly exists on the markets.

US cooperation and oversight is key to solve
HLRCC 12-(High- Level Regulatory Cooperation Council, "UNITED STATES-MEXICO HIGH-LEVEL REGULATORY COOPERATION COUNCIL WORK PLAN", Whitehouse, February 28, 2012, http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/oira/irc/united-states-mexico-high-level-regulatory-cooperation-council-work-plan.pdf)//sjl

The fourth item on the HLRCC Work Plan involves the potential alignment of U.
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between the two countries, and will foster the competitiveness of the industry.

Nanotech if unregulated destroys entire ecosystems

Foladori et al. 12¬-Profesor de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas
(Guillermo Foladori, Noela Invernizzi, and Fernando Bejarano, "Social and Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology Development in Latin America and the Caribbean", IPEN, 2012, http://www.ipen.org/sites/default/files/documents/ipen_nano_latin_amer-en.pdf)//sjl

To these criticisms scientists respond that nanotubes are embedded in a matrix and are tied
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food chain, which obligates an analysis of the life cycle of nanoparticles.

The impact is extinction

Taylor 8 ~Graeme Taylor is a social activist committed to constructive global transformation and the coordinator of BEST Futures, a project supporting sustainable solutions through researching how societies change and evolve, Evolution’s Edge: The Coming Collapse and Transformation of Our World, Pomegranate Press, 2008, ISBN: 9781550923810, EBrary, pg. 120-1, http://site.ebrary.com/lib/uchicago/Doc?id=1030892126ppg=133~~
Biophysical systems are made up of many interacting and interdependent components. Because ecosystems continually process energy and information from their surrounding environments, they must constantly adjust (equilibrate) in response to changing conditions. Individual species risk extinction when they lose critical habitat and genetic diversity, and with these the ability to adapt to environmental stressors. Not only are healthy species genetically diverse, but healthy ecosystems are composed of a wide variety of interdependent species. Diversity increases a system’s resilience, which is its ability to absorb shocks and adapt to changes. Larger and more complex ecosystems that are not tightly entwined are more resilient than smaller and simpler systems. If the existence of an entire system is dependent on the health of a few species, it may easily collapse when those species are stressed. Systemic resilience is lost with the destruction of ecosystem biodiversity, increasing the likelihood of widespread biophysical collapse. Human-induced stresses are threatening to degrade many major ecosystems beyond threshold points — the points at which additional degradation will trigger irreversible collapse. Because the long-term viability of human societies is utterly dependent on the long-term viability of the biophysical systems that support them, the long-term sustainability of human systems requires the maintenance and restoration of ecosystem integrity, biodiversity and resilience. 

And Prefer our nanotech specific evidence—our scenario is an existential threat

CRNANO 04¬-("Disaster Scenarios", Center responsible for Nanotechnology, July 19, 2004, http://crnano.typepad.com/crnblog/2004/07/disaster_scenar.html)//sjl

It would be easy to build enough nano-litter to cause serious pollution problems
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Several plausible disaster scenarios appear to pose existential threats to the human race.

Advantage 2 is Tech Leadership

US is nanotech leadership now is threatened, increased investment and coordination with allies is key

THE 05-("US worried about losing nanotechnology dominance", Times Higher Education, May 20, 2005, http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/us-worried-about-losing-nanotechnology-dominance/196208.article)//sjl

Although the US remains the world leader in nanotechnology research and development (R26
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capable of training an adequate number of researchers and teachers in this field. 

Specifically lack of Nanotech collaboration with Mexico has the US ceding influence and tech leadership to other nations

Foladori et al. 12- Profesor de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas(Guillermo, Edgar ZAYAGO, Richard APPELBAUM, Rachel PARKER, « Mexico-U.S. Scientific Collaboration in Nanotechnology », Frontera Notre, July 1, 2012, http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=21daa1f5-0a27-4d7b-b441-b2965d97f75640sessionmgr11426vid=226hid=118)//sjl

This work is based upon an exploratory analysis of scientific bilateral agreements on nanotechnology (
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see its traditional US partnerships decline, relative to those with European countries.

Nanotech leadership key to tech leadership which solves a Heg and a litany of other impacts

Mendis 04-He taught MBA/MPA as well as international trade and American foreign policy courses at the University of Minnesota, University of Maryland, and Yale University before joining the U.S. Department of State, where he served under Secretary Madeleine Albright and General Colin Powell(Patrick, "Science, Technology, and Intellectual Property Rights in American Foreign Policy", Journal of Law and Policy, 2004, http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jtlp926div=626g_sent=126collection=journals~~2333)//sjl

In coming years, global S26T cooperation will open a wide range of
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other criminal activities that threaten our national security and domestic peace and prosperity.

Loss of tech leadership leads to hegemonic collapse and war with China

Goldstein 07-Professor of Global Politics and International Relations @ University of Pennsylvania (Avery, "Power transitions, institutions, and China’s rise in East Asia: Theoretical expectations and evidence," Journal of Strategic Studies, Volume 30, Issue 4 26 5 August)

Two closely related, though distinct, theoretical arguments focus explicitly on the consequences for
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realize the transition to a new international order whose contours it will define. 

China war triggers WWIII—interdependence is irrelevant

Lee 10-Mr. Lee is a foreign-policy fellow at the Centre for Independent Studies in Sydney, a visiting scholar at the Hudson Institute in Washington (John, "China’s Rise and the Road to War", Wall Street Journal, August 5, 2010, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748703748904575410580240721848)//sjl

What are the lessons for Asia? While economic interdependence and American attempts to "
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dissatisfaction and impatience—is the fast way toward disastrous miscalculation and error.

Extinction

Cheong, Senior Writer @ the Strait Times, 2k (Ching, Senior Writer at the Strait Times, "No one gains in a war over Taiwan," June 25th, Lexis)

THE high-intensity scenario postulates a cross-strait war escalating into a full
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should that come to pass, we would see the destruction of civilization.

Heg solves multiple scenarios for nuclear war

Brooks et al 13
~Stephen G. Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College.G. John Ikenberry is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. He is also a Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University.William C. Wohlforth is the Daniel Webster Professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College. "Don’t Come Home, America: The Case against Retrenchment", Winter 2013, Vol. 37, No. 3, Pages 7-51, http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC_a_00107~~
A core premise of deep engagement is that it prevents the emergence of a far
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that of potential rivals is by many measures growing rather than shrinking. 85 

Unipolarity is the only way

Kagan 12-  senior fellow in foreign policy at the Brookings Institution (Robert, "Why the World Needs America", WSJ, 2/11/12, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203646004577213262856669448.html)//sjl**

With the outbreak of World War I, the age of settled peace and advancing
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oceans to collective policing by several great powers could be a recipe for competition

 and conflict rather than for a liberal economic order. And do the Chinese
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of international order rarely survive the decline of the nations that erected them. 

They are like scaffolding around a building: They don’t hold the building up;
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what the world looked like right before the American order came into being.

Advantage 3 is Disease

Squo Nanotech has no incentive to aid the developing world

Wilson Center 07-("The Promise of Nanotechnology", Wilson Center, May 1, 2007, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/the-promise-nanotechnology)//sjl

Nanomedicine is a rapidly growing field that holds the promise of new vaccines, medical
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for people in both rich and poor nations and at relatively low cost." 

Nanotech key to medical treatments, cures, and disease prevention specifically in developing nations

VOA News 09-Staff Writer citing Andrew Maynard chief scientist at the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, part of the Woodrow Wilson Center("Nanotechnology Could Improve Health Care in Developing Countries", Voice of America, November 1, 2009, http://www.voanews.com/articleprintview/347615.html)//sjl

Scientists say nanotechnology, which involves some of the smallest things on earth, could
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and transform that information into effective and safe ways of using the technologies."

Plan key to pro-poor research that solves disease

Lodwick et al. 07-(T. Lodwick*, R. Rodrigues, R. Sandler, W.D. Kay, "Nanotechnology and the Global Poor: United States Policy and International Collaborations", Nano Science and Technology Institute, 2007, http://www.nsti.org/procs/Nanotech2007v1/8/T81.501)//sjl

Perhaps the most basic barrier to conducting nanotechnology research is equipment costs. One way
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address the social problems facing the developing world (pro-poor research).

Un-checked disease leads to extinction

Naish 12-Staff Writer citing John Oxford, professor of virology at Queen Mary’s School of Medicine and Dentistry, Scientific Director of Retroscreen Virology Ltd, considered to be the leading expert on disease and viral outbreaks (John, "The Armageddon virus: Why experts fear a disease that leaps from animals to humans could devastate mankind in the next five years", Daily Mail Online, October 14, 2012, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2217774/The-Armageddon-virus-Why-experts-fear-disease-leaps-animals-humans-devastate-mankind-years.html)//sjl

When the Health Protection Agency warned the world of this newly- emerging virus last
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needs to win only once and it could be the end of humankind.

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lane Tech CK | Judge: Ryan Nierman

THA 1AC

ADV 1-Mexico

No progress being made on US-Mexico drilling deal now—Mexico already ratified only a question of US ratification to create effective investment and no political opposition in US

Reuters 4/29
(Roberta Rampton, Staff Writer, "U.S.-Mexico deal on expanded Gulf oil drilling still in limbo", Reuters, 4/29/13, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/29/usa-mexico-oil-idUSL2N0DG0CV20130429)//sjl

More than a year after the United States and Mexico signed a much-lauded
AND
House until January who now runs Columbia University’s Center on Global Energy Policy.

The Industry is failing now, earlier reforms won’t save it

Melgar 12(Lourdes, director of the Center for Sustainability and Business at EGADE Business School of the Tecnológico de Monterrey, "The Future of PEMEX", Americas Quarterly, Summer 2012, http://www.americasquarterly.org/node/3781)//sjl
 

Exploration and Production: The Keys to Deeper Reform The 2008 Energy Reform initiated the
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services companies such as the United Kingdom’s Petrofac Facilities Management winning the auction. 

Western Gap key to PEMEX production

Illiff 12-Staff Writer(Laurence, "Pemex Makes Its First Big Oil Find in Deep Gulf", WSJ, 8/29/12, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390444914904577619712736497598.html)//sjl**

Mexican state-owned oil firm Petroleos Mexicanos, or Pemex, has made its
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of Pemex’s petroleum reserves could be in the deep waters of the Gulf.

Mexican oil companies lack the expertise to exploit these resources

Melgar 12(Lourdes, director of the Center for Sustainability and Business at EGADE Business School of the Tecnológico de Monterrey, "The Future of PEMEX", Americas Quarterly, Summer 2012, http://www.americasquarterly.org/node/3781)//sjl

The challenge for PEMEX is to increase reserves and oil and gas production in areas
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nor does it have the legal authority to force PEMEX to wait. 

The plan solves, a Transboundary Hydrocarbon agreement would cause PEMEX reforms by giving Mexico an overwhelming economic incentive

Melgar 12(Lourdes, director of the Center for Sustainability and Business at EGADE Business School of the Tecnológico de Monterrey, "The Future of PEMEX", Americas Quarterly, Summer 2012, http://www.americasquarterly.org/node/3781)//sjl

Deepwater drilling is likely to take center stage with the signing of the U.
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The Mexican oil industry can no longer thrive on amendments to distorted schemes.

=====PEMEX key to Mexican economy—reforms key to prevent collapse within 10 years=====
Samples and Vittor 12 -Tim R Samples is an associate in the Houston office of Hogan Lovells US LLP. Tim advises clients on international and domestic business transactions with a particular focus on mergers and acquisitions, infrastructure, energy, and Latin America.  José Luis Vittor is a partner in the Houston office of Hogan Lovells US LLP. His practice is focused on business law, including commercial and corporate transactions, public-private partnerships, infrastructure and other project development and finance transactions, securities, and cross-border transactions in the U.S. and Latin America. All translations are the authors’ own.( Tim R and Jose Luis, "ENERGY REFORM AND THE FUTURE OF MEXICO’S OIL INDUSTRY:THE PEMEX BIDDING ROUNDS AND INTEGRATED SERVICE CONTRACTS", Texas Journal of Oil, Gas, and Energy Law, 6/21/12, http://tjogel.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Samples-Formatted_Final_June13.pdf)//sjl

In recent years, Latin America has seen an uptick in interest as a destination
AND
the Mexican oil industry was passed in November 2008 (the Energy Reforms).

Oil revenue is critical to battling drug cartels and maintaining stability in Mexico

O’Sullivan 12-professor of international affairs at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government (Meghan L., "Mexican Oil Reforms Are Vital on Both Sides of the Border", Bloomberg, 7/30/12, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-07-30/mexican-oil-reforms-are-vital-on-both-sides-of-the-border.html)//sjl**

In recent days a coalition of Mexican advocacy groups has been protesting in front of
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oil by 2020, ceasing exports to the U.S. altogether.

=====Mexican Stability key to US power—additionally, instability causes structural violence that kills thousands each year=====
Kaplan 12-Chief Political Analyst at Stratfor (Robert D., "With the Focus on Syria, Mexico Burns", Stratfor Global Intelligence, 3/28/12, http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/focus-syria-mexico-burns)//sjl**

While the foreign policy elite in Washington focuses on the 8,000 deaths in
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can continue to focus on serious moral questions in places that matter less.

Heg solves multiple scenarios for nuclear war

Brooks et al 13
~Stephen G. Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College.G. John Ikenberry is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. He is also a Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University.William C. Wohlforth is the Daniel Webster Professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College. "Don’t Come Home, America: The Case against Retrenchment", Winter 2013, Vol. 37, No. 3, Pages 7-51, http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC_a_00107~~
A core premise of deep engagement is that it prevents the emergence of a far
AND
that of potential rivals is by many measures growing rather than shrinking. 85 

Unipolarity is the only way

Kagan 12-  senior fellow in foreign policy at the Brookings Institution (Robert, "Why the World Needs America", WSJ, 2/11/12, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203646004577213262856669448.html)//sjl**

With the outbreak of World War I, the age of settled peace and advancing
AND
what the world looked like right before the American order came into being.

The US will continue to act hegemonically – it’s just a question of whether they have the power to do it well

Horowitz Shalmon 09
Dan A. Shalmon (Senior Analyst at Lincoln Group, LLC) and Mike Horowitz (assistant professor of Political Science at The University of Pennsylvania, as well as an FPRI scholar), Orbis. Spring 2009. AJO

It is important to recognize at the outset two key points about United States strategy
AND
/asymmetric threats are inevitable given America’s role in the global order.24 

==ADV 2-Gulf==

Deepwater oil accidents are inevitable in the Gulf of Mexico

Shields 12-Independent energy consultant(David, "QandA: Is Mexico Prepared for Deepwater Drilling in the Gulf?", Inter-American Dialogue’s Latin American Energy Advisor, 2/20/12, http://repository.unm.edu/bitstream/handle/1928/20477/Is20Mexico20Prepared20for20Deepwater20Drilling20in20the20Gulf.pdf)//sjl

"They say that if a country does not defend its borders, then others
AND
has come and gone. The next disaster is just waiting to happen."

Gulf Ecosystems on the brink—plan key to solve spill

Craig 11- (Robin Kundis, "Legal Remedies for Deep Marine Oil Spills and Long-Term Ecological Resilience: A Match Made in Hell", Brigham Young University Law Review, 2011, http://lawreview.byu.edu/articles/1326405133_03craig.fin.pdf)//sjl

These results suggest that we should be very concerned for the Gulf ecosystems affected by
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that accomplish no less than a fundamental transformation of its safety culture."173

Plan solves—THA leads to safety coordination between the US and Mexico

Broder and Krauss 12-Business Correspondents (John M. and Clifford, "U.S. in Accord With Mexico on Drilling", NY Times, 2/20/12, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/21/world/americas/mexico-and-us-agree-on-oil-and-gas-development-in-gulf.html)//sjl**

The United States and Mexico reached agreement on Monday on regulating oil and gas development
AND
, personnel, equipment and technology are essential for safe and productive drilling."

====Plan solves shortfalls in Mexico drilling safety resources====
Philbin 12-director of crisis management at Regester Larkin Energy (John P., "QandA: Is Mexico Prepared for Deepwater Drilling in the Gulf?", ?", Inter-American Dialogue’s Latin American Energy Advisor, 2/20/12, http://repository.unm.edu/bitstream/handle/1928/20477/Is20Mexico20Prepared20for20Deepwater20Drilling20in20the20Gulf.pdf)//sjl

Pemex is not prepared for risks such as a spill or other serious accident that
AND
step toward safer Gulf operations—for both Mexico and the United States."

====Joint Inspection solves oversight—key to safety if there’s no Western Gap development====
Padilla 12- managing director at IPD Latin America (John D., "QandA: Is Mexico Prepared for Deepwater Drilling in the Gulf?", ?", Inter-American Dialogue’s Latin American Energy Advisor, 2/20/12, http://repository.unm.edu/bitstream/handle/1928/20477/Is20Mexico20Prepared20for20Deepwater20Drilling20in20the20Gulf.pdf)//sjl

"The plan at issue is Pemex’s intent to drill in the Perdido Foldbelt area
AND
compliance with safety and environmental laws. Will Mexico’s Senate approve the accord?"

====Plan spills over past the border to environmental standardization in the entire Gulf of Mexico====
Velarde 12-Attorney at law, held various positions at Pemex during 1988-1993, including that of Financial Advisor to the Finance Department, In-House Counsel in Houston, Texas, In-House Counsel in New York, and Head of the International Legal Department of Pemex. He was honored with the "Most Distinguished Attorney Award" of Pemex for the period 1990-1991, former Chairman of the Energy Committee of the Mexican Bar Association, and currently he is the President for the Latin America Chapter of the Association of the International Petroleum Negotiators (AIPN), as Visiting Professor of Judicial Process on the Mexican Legal Studies Program at the University of Houston Law Center, and he is currently the director of the Energy Law Seminar organized between the Universidad Iberoamericana and the Mexican Bar Association.(Rogelio Lopez, "Energy 26 Natural Resources – Mexico", International Law office, 3/19/12, http://www.internationallawoffice.com/newsletters/detail.aspx?g=b9326bf8-f27f-43ff-b45a-1b2b70ccb217)//sjl

Pemex has indicated that it has no information to confirm the existence of a transboundary
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) would agree to harmonise applicable standards only in respect of transboundary reservoirs.

====Redundant inspection team solves—US doesn’t need new environmental regulations====
Baker 12- publisher of Mexico Energy Intelligence(George, "QandA: Is Mexico Prepared for Deepwater Drilling in the Gulf?", ?", Inter-American Dialogue’s Latin American Energy Advisor, 2/20/12, http://repository.unm.edu/bitstream/handle/1928/20477/Is20Mexico20Prepared20for20Deepwater20Drilling20in20the20Gulf.pdf)//sjl**

"The serious issues of corporate governance and regulation in the shadow of the Macondo
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safety and occupational safety to be carried out separately, by different teams." 

====Gulf Ecosystems are critical biodiversity hotspots, key to the world’s oceans and temperatures====
Brenner 8-Associate Director Of Marine Science The Nature Conservancy in Texas bachelor’s in biochemical engineering and aquatic resources, and a master’s in environmental engineering from the Monterrey Technology Institute University. He earned his Ph.D. in marine sciences from Catalonia Polytechnic University in Barcelona, Spain (Jorge, "Guarding the Gulf of Mexico’s valuable resources", Sci dev net, 3/14/08, http://www.scidev.net/global/pollution/opinion/guarding-the-gulf-of-mexico-s-valuable-resources.html)//sjl

The Gulf of Mexico is rich in biodiversity and unique habitats, and hosts the
AND
in the North Atlantic that helps to regulate the climate of western Europe.

====Ocean Bio-diversity key to survival====
Craig, 2003 Associate professor of law, Indiana University School of Law, Indianapolis, IN.,
(Robin Kundis, "Taking Steps Toward Marine Wilderness Protection?" 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155, Winter)
The world’s oceans contain many resources and provide many services that humans consider valuable.
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species, as well as mollusks, crustaceans, birds, and plants. 

====Resiliency is wrong—specifically for the Gulf, any shock could be the tipping point====
Craig 11- (Robin Kundis, "Legal Remedies for Deep Marine Oil Spills and Long-Term Ecological Resilience: A Match Made in Hell", Brigham Young University Law Review, 2011, http://lawreview.byu.edu/articles/1326405133_03craig.fin.pdf)//sjl

Ecological resilience and resilience theory acknowledge that ecosystems are dynamic—not, as prior
AND
oil spill in U.S. waters, however, suggests otherwise.

Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its economic engagement with the United Mexican States by passing necessary legislation to enter into the Agreement between the United States of America and the United Mexican States concerning Transboundary Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico.

Solvency

THA was just negotiated—needs to be ratified on both sides

Danish et al. 12- Danish advises a range of clients on environmental and energy matters, with a special focus on legislation, regulation and permitting under the Clean Air Act, corporate climate strategy, and emissions trading-related transactions.  (Kyle, Shelly Fidler, Tomas Carbonell, Kaitlin Gregg, Harold Bulger, Tracy Nagelbush, "Climate, Energy, 26 Air Weekly Update - Feb. 20-24, 2012", Van Ness Feldman, 2/20-24/12, http://www.vnf.com/news-policyupdates-683.html)//sjl

US, Mexico Reach Agreement on Regulation of Cross-Boundary Offshore Drilling.  A
AND
an agreement between the two countries that was due to expire in 2014.

Tournament: Michigan | Round: 2 | Opponent: New Trier DG | Judge: Michael McGrath
THA isn’t ratified—Senate and House bills differ
Boman 10/14-Staff Writer(Karen, "Senate Passes US-Mexico Drilling Pact", Rigzone, October 14, 2013, http://www.rigzone.com/news/oil_gas/a/129582/Senate_Passes_USMexico_Drilling_Pact)//sjl
While the Senate bill has bipartisan support, the Senate bill differs from the version
AND
the two bills passed to implement the pact, The Hill reported Monday.