Tournament: Chattahoochee | Round: 3 | Opponent: Pace HP | Judge: Ken Baily
QPQ

1. Interpretation: “Engagement” requires the provision of positive incentives
   Haass 00 – Richard Haass and Meghan O’Sullivan, Brookings Institution Foreign Policy Studies Program, Honey and Vinegar: Incentives, Sanctions, and Foreign Policy, p. 1-2

The term engagement was popularized amid the controversial policy of constructive engagement pursued by the
AND
shape the behavior of countries with which the United States has important disagreements.
That means the plan must be a quid-pro-quo
De LaHunt 6 - Assistant Director for Environmental Health and Safety Services in Colorado College's Facilities Services department (John, “Perverse and unintended” Journal of Chemical Health and Safety, July-August, Science direct)

Incentives work on a quid pro quo basis – this for that. If you
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run, for at least two reasons – unintended consequences and perverse incentives.
2. Violation- Plan isn’t conditional
3. Reasons to prefer
a. Limits -~-- it functionally narrows the topic because few cases can defend conditioning -~-- the alternative is hundreds of single import or export cases
b. Ground -~-- QPQ ensures generics like soft power and foreign politics DAs, - spurs critical thinking and topic education.
4. Topicality is a voter- if it were not the aff could run the same case year after year or unbeatable truths like 2 plus 2 is 4

Neolib
Trade liberalization with Cuba “kicks away the ladder” to prevent successful Cuban development – their claims about free trade are historical myths that ignore the success of protectionism in promoting growth and quality of life
Fanelli 8
(Carlo, SSHRC Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Department of Politics and Public Administration, Ryerson University, He received his PhD from the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Carleton University, “‘Cubanalismo’: The Cuban Alternative to Neoliberalism”, New Proposals: Journal of Marxism and Interdisciplinary Inquiry Vol.2, No. 1 (November 2008) pgs. 7-16)

A closer look at the history of capitalism, however, reveals a much different
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productivity levels, efficiency, and quality had been more or less achieved.
Neoliberal intervention in Latin America fuels environmental devastation and structural inequality- ethical obligation to those sacrificed by the Washington Consensus

NEF AND HARRIS ‘8 (Jorge, Director of Latin American and Caribbean Studies @ South Florida, Richard, Global Studies @ CSU Monterey Bay “Capital, Power, and Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean,” in Capital, Power, and Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean eds. Harris and Nef p. 14-16)

These macroeconomic policies have been carried out under the mantle of the so-called
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variability of the indigenous and peasant communities affected by these patterns of production.
Vote neg to reject the 1AC’s neoliberal model in favor of the Cuban alternative to neoliberalism which fosters social and environmental justice
Fanelli 8
(Carlo, SSHRC Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Department of Politics and Public Administration, Ryerson University, He received his PhD from the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Carleton University, “‘Cubanalismo’: The Cuban Alternative to Neoliberalism”, New Proposals: Journal of Marxism and Interdisciplinary Inquiry
Vol.2, No. 1 (November 2008) pgs. 7-16)

As this paper has attempted to integrate throughout this discussion, alternatives to neoliberalism do
AND
alternative modes of socioeconomic and environmental polices can and do continue to exist.
Debt Ceiling
Debt Ceiling vote will pass but PC key
BLOOMBERG 9 – 20 – 13 Senate Budget Chief Sees Republican Yield on Debt Lifting, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-19/senate-budget-chief-sees-republican-yield-on-debt-lifting.html

Republicans seeking to curb President Barack Obama’s health-care law probably will capitulate to
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62, fourth-ranking Democrat in the Senate’s leadership.

Hostage taking link – Backlash and hostage taking on unrelated priority legislation is empirically proven, and likely in the future  – Pro Cuba policy saps pc
LeoGrande, 12
William M. LeoGrande School of Public Affairs American University, Professor of Government and a specialist in Latin American politics and U.S. foreign policy toward Latin America, Professor LeoGrande has been a frequent adviser to government and private sector agencies, 12/18/12, http://www.american.edu/clals/upload/LeoGrande-Fresh-Start.pdf

The Second Obama Administration Where in the executive branch will control over Cuba policy lie
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rarely happen unless the urgency of the problem forces policymakers to take action.

Destroys the global economy
DAVIDSON 9 – 15 – 13 co-founder and co-host of Planet Money, a co-production of the NYT and NPR Adam Davidson, Our Debt to Society,  http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/15/magazine/our-debt-to-society.html?pagewanted=alland_r=1and

The Daily Treasury Statement, a public accounting of what the U.S.
AND
the government paid out nearly $6 billion more than it took in.
This is the definition of a deficit, and it illustrates why the government needs
AND
they raise the debt ceiling — if they even raise it at all.
If the debt ceiling isn’t lifted again this fall, some serious financial decisions will
AND
by most accounts, the largest self-imposed financial disaster in history.
Nearly everyone involved predicts that someone will blink before this disaster occurs. Yet a
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record of that happening to the country that controls the global reserve currency.
Like many, I assumed a self-imposed U.S. debt crisis
AND
would collapse far worse than anything we’ve seen in the past several years.
Instead, Robert Auwaerter, head of bond investing for Vanguard, the world’s largest
AND
. Indeed, interest rates would fall and the bond markets would soar.
While this possibility might not sound so bad, it’s really far more damaging than
AND
U.S. would lose its unique role in the global economy.
The U.S. benefits enormously from its status as global reserve currency and
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free asset more risky, the entire global economy becomes riskier and costlier.
Global nuke wars
Kemp 10—Director of Regional Strategic Programs at The Nixon Center, served in
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Asia’s Growing Presence in the Middle East, p. 233-4

The second scenario, called Mayhem and Chaos, is the opposite of the first
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expected, with dire consequences for two-thirds of the planet’s population.
PIC
Counterplan: The United States Federal Government ought to normalize its trade relations with Cuba except for access to materials and manufacturing capabilities vital to the production of dual use weaponry including but not limited to biological and chemical weapons.
Cuba has developed bioweapons and shares them with rogue states
LaFranchi (Staff writer of the Christian Science Monitor) 2, "Carter in
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advanced biotech- and genetic-engineering programs among third-world countries.

Cuba is a legitimate security threat: depriving the Castro regime of U.S. weapons manufacturing capacity addresses these concerns
Wilson (Writer at the Heritage Foundation) 92, Michael G. "Hastening Castro's Downfall." The Heritage Foundation. N.p., 2 July 1992. Web. 18 July 2013. http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/1992/07/bg904nbsp-hastening-castros-downfall.
The embargo restricts U.S. exports to Cuba, Cuban exports to the U.S., travel by American citizens to Cuba, and American investment there. (For more information on the U.S. embargo against Cuba, see R. Richard Newcomb, "Cuba: The U.S. Economic Embargo," Treasury News, U.S. Department of the Treasury, May 5, 1992.)
The embargo has forced Castro to cut government spending and curtail his support for Third
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Warns of Risky Reactors," The Washington Times, May 6, 1992.)

Bioweapon use leads to the collapse of society
Riedel (MD, PhD from the Department of Pathology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas) 4, Stefan Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2004 October; 17(4): 400–406.
Biological weapons are unique in their invisibility and their delayed effects. These factors allow
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psychological impact-everyone feels threatened and nobody knows what will happen next.
The choice of the biowarfare agent depends on the economic, technical, and financial capabilities of the state or organization. Smallpox, Ebola, and Marburg virus might be chosen because they have a reputation for causing a more horrifying illness. Images on the nightly news of doctors, nurses, and law enforcement personnel in full protective gear could cause widespread public distraction and anxiety.
Biowarfare attacks are now a possibility. The medical community as well as the public
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further education focusing on recognition of this threat is both timely and necessary.

Multilat Frontline Pace

1. Alt causes to effective multilat- Guantanamo, Kyoto, human rights
   Burgsdorff, 1AC author, 9 (Ph. D in Political Science from Freiburg University, EU Fellow at the University of Miami (Sven Kühn von, "Problems and Opportunities for the Incoming Obama Administration",http://aei.pitt.edu.proxy.lib.umich.edu/11047/1/vonBurgsdorfUSvsCubalong09edi.pdf)//NG
   Ending ¶ the embargo would be perceived as a decision carrying a momentum of powerful
   AND
   would be interpreted by the international community as steps ¶ towards effective multilateralism.
   2. Multilat fails- public backlash
   Lake, 1AC author, 10 (Professor of Social Sciences, distinguished professor of political science at UC San Diego, David A., "Making America Safe for the World: Multilateralism and the Rehabilitation of US authority",http://dss.ucsd.edu/~~dlake/documents/LakeMakingAmericaSafe.pdf)//NG
   At the same time, if any organization is to be an effective restraint on
   AND
   foreign policy may appear too high¶ a price to bear.¶ 4
   3. Turn-
   A) Unilateralism is what sustains primacy – other states bandwagon with the US for fear of other rising powers.  Moving towards multilateralism makes it unsustainable
   Seldena, 13 – assistant professor of political science at the University of Florida (Zachary, “Balancing Against or Balancing With? The Spectrum of Alignment and the Endurance of American Hegemony” Security Studies Volume 22, Issue 2, 2013, Taylor and Francis)

Understanding which of these choices—soft balancing against the hegemon or alignment with the
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even if they do not receive a formal security guarantee for their efforts.
This may have implications for American foreign policy. There are distinct policy recommendations flowing
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behavior by other states and speeds hegemonic decline by draining financial resources. 6
Yet, this policy of restraint may be precisely what would cause second-tier states to question the utility of their security relationship with the United States and move away from policies that help to maintain American hegemony. This could at least partially explain the trend of states moving to establish closer security relationships with the United States in the 2001–2009 period, when it was at its most proactive and least deferential to international organizations. 

States may logically conclude that a hegemon willing to project power regardless of international opinion
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an increased reluctance to use its power in support of its national interests.

B) US primacy prevents global conflict – diminishing power creates a vacuum that causes transition wars in multiple places
Brooks et al 13 Stephen G. Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College.G. John Ikenberry is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. He is also a Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University.William C. Wohlforth is the Daniel Webster Professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College. “Don't Come Home, America: The Case against Retrenchment”, Winter 2013, Vol. 37, No. 3, Pages 7-51,http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC_a_00107, GDI File
A core premise of deep engagement is that it prevents the emergence of a far
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case would generate intensely competitive behavior, possibly including regional great power war).
4. Squo solves – allies won’t abandon us and adversaries can’t exploit it
Walt 11 (Stephen, Professor of International Relations – Harvard University, “Does the U.S. still need to reassure its allies?” Foreign Policy, 12-5, http://walt.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/12/05/us_credibility_is_not_our_problem)
A perennial preoccupation of U.S. diplomacy has been the perceived need to
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about it, but in most cases little incentive to actually do it. 

(  ) China is committed to working peacefully with the US – most recent trip proves

Zhang and Shi ‘13
Yuhan Zhang is an energy professional in a multinational energy company based in the United States and a former researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Lin Shi is an energy professional in a multinational energy company based in the United States and a former consultant at the World Bank. “Conflict between China and the US is not inevitable,” East Asia Forum, 4/13/2013, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2013/04/13/conflict-between-china-and-the-us-is-not-inevitable/

President Xi Jinping’s official visit to the United States in February 2012 — as China’s
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presidency will be shaped by cooperation, despite the intrusion of domestic politics.
No impact – they misunderstand key factors
Pollins et al 2004 – political science professors at Ohio State University and Indiana University (Brian M. Pollins, Omar M. G. Keshk, Rafael Reuveny, The Journal of Politics, 66.4, “Trade still follows the flag”, JSTOR)
Conclusions"Trade brings peace" is a claim embraced by liberal political economy since
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within the trade-conflict nexus is a central part of that story.

Deterrence checks Russia War
Turner 2 (Admiral Stansfield, Former Director – Central Intelligence Agency, Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, Winter / Spring, 26 Fletcher F. World Aff. 115, Lexis)

There are, of course, other centrals question to be considered: Would Russian
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the United States must consider Russian deterrence as very close to its own.

Ethanol Advantage

1.  Can’t re-build sugar sector – unworkable land and long-time frame.

Soligo ‘10
et al; Ronald Soligo is a professor emeritus of economics at Rice University and a Rice scholar at the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy. The author writes a chapter within the book “Cuba’s Energy Future: Strategic Approaches to Cooperation,” a Brookings Publication, edited by Jonathan Benjamin-Alvarado, PhD of Political Science, University of Nebraska –obtained as an ebook through MSU Electronic Resources – page 102

Three and a half billion gallons seems unrealistic for the foreseeable future. There is
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water and fertilizer, and other inputs would all need to be considered.

2.  Aff cant solve – Castro won’t allow sugar-ethanol

Specht ‘12
(Jonathan – Legal Advisor, Pearlmaker Holsteins, Inc. B.A., Louisiana State University, 2009; J.D.,¶ Washington University in St. Louis 2012. “Raising Cane: Cuban Sugarcane Ethanol’s Economic and Environmental Effects on the United States” – ExpressO – http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/36/2/specht.pdf)

To speak of a Cuban sugarcane-based ethanol industry is, at this point
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to 2 billion gallons of¶ sugar-based ethanol per year.”¶ 4

3.  Plan kills it and the domestic ethanol sector.

Specht ‘12
(Jonathan – Legal Advisor, Pearlmaker Holsteins, Inc. B.A., Louisiana State University, 2009; J.D.,¶ Washington University in St. Louis 2012. “Raising Cane: Cuban Sugarcane Ethanol’s Economic and Environmental Effects on the United States” – ExpressO – http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/36/2/specht.pdf)

Absent a scenario in which the RFS was raised at the same time as U
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espoused, especially¶ after the policy-makers had supported the industry. 

4. Corn prices do not move in line with ethanol demand
Kelly and Hornblower 13 (Kel, Growmark Manager of Economic Research, Scott, Associate Analyst of Growmark, 01/04/13, 4 Reasons Why Ethanol Doesn’t Drive Corn Prices- A Tale of Two Forces, http://www.growmark.com/sites/Files/Documents/4ReasonsWhyEthanolDoesntDriveCornPrices.pdf) KL

The ethanol industry has actually been buying corn since the early 1980s. But as
AND
corn markets, and would have instead driven corn prices higher due to the

 increased corn demand. Again, the relationship between corn price and ethanol demand appears to suggest that there are other influences on corn prices that are stronger than ethanol demand alone.

5.  Food scarcity won’t cause conflict

Falcon and Naylor ‘5
(Walter, Helen Farnsworth Prof. Int’l. Agricultural Policy and Co-Director of Center for Environmental Science and Policy @ Institute for Int’l. Studies @ Stanford, and Rosamond, Julie Wrigley Senior Fellow @ Center for Environmental Science and Policy @ Institute for International Studies and Director of Program on Food Security and the Environment @ Stanford, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, “Rethinking Food Security for the Twenty-First Century” 87:5, December, OneFile)

Three separate, but interrelated, questions seem relevant: (5)  1.
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-East suicide bombers have come from Saudi Arabia and Morocco (Pape).  

6.  Lifting the embargo crushes Cuban ag- can’t compete with the US
Gonzalez 2003
(Carmen, Seattle University law professor, “Seasons Of Resistance: Sustainable Agriculture And Food Security In Cuba,” Summer, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=987944)

Notwithstanding these problems, the greatest challenge to the agricultural development strategy adopted by the
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consequence of the political and economic autonomy occasioned by its relative economic isolation, 

including its exclusion from major international financial and trade institutions. Paradoxically, while the
AND
and economic pressure from the United States and from the global trading system.
7. NO internal link- the ethanol industry is only a small segment of food stocks which means there’s no spillover to broader conflict
8. No interest in harvesting sugar cane—production is at an all time low and the embargo isn’t the cause
Global Post 6/24 (Global Post: America’s world news site, Agencia EFE, “Cubans getting farmland from gov't show little interest in growing sugar cane” Jun 24 2013 http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/agencia-efe/130624/cubans-getting-farmland-govt-show-little-interest-growing-sugar-can)

Havana, Jun 24 (EFE).- Growing sugar cane is arousing little interest among the Cubans who are taking advantage of the plan to turn over unused agricultural land to them for cultivation, official media reported Monday.
Of the total area turned over to private individuals to farm up through November 2012
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of just 1.1 million tons, the worst in 105 years.

Tournament: Chattahoochee | Round: 6 | Opponent: Alpharetta RS | Judge: Whit Whitmore
T

1. Interpretation: “Engagement” requires the provision of positive incentives
   Haass 00 – Richard Haass and Meghan O’Sullivan, Brookings Institution Foreign Policy Studies Program, Honey and Vinegar: Incentives, Sanctions, and Foreign Policy, p. 1-2

The term engagement was popularized amid the controversial policy of constructive engagement pursued by the
AND
shape the behavior of countries with which the United States has important disagreements.
That means the plan must be a quid-pro-quo
De LaHunt 6 - Assistant Director for Environmental Health and Safety Services in Colorado College's Facilities Services department (John, “Perverse and unintended” Journal of Chemical Health and Safety, July-August, Science direct)

Incentives work on a quid pro quo basis – this for that. If you
AND
run, for at least two reasons – unintended consequences and perverse incentives.
2. Violation- Plan isn’t conditional
3. Reasons to prefer
a. Limits --- it functionally narrows the topic because few cases can defend conditioning --- the alternative is hundreds of single import or export cases that explode research burden which saps clash and topic specific education.
b. Ground --- QPQ ensures generics like soft power and foreign politics DAs,
4. Topicality is a voter- for education and fariness 

Neolib

Cuban oil drilling will make Cuba and its regional partners economically independent from the US now. The 1ac’s claim of US industry safety expertise and oil prevention effort is nothing but a neoliberal sales pitch to reclaim oil market hegemony.
Sandels 2011
(Robert _{former Quinnipiac University history professor, “An Oil-Rich Cuba?”, September, http://monthlyreview.org/2011/09/01/an-oil-rich-cuba)}

Cuba is about to begin drilling for oil in the Gulf of Mexico. If
AND
cheap oil from Venezuela came the importation of “neo-communism.”12
Neoliberal intervention in Latin America fuels environmental devastation and structural inequality- ethical obligation to those sacrificed by the Washington Consensus

NEF AND HARRIS ‘8 (Jorge, Director of Latin American and Caribbean Studies @ South Florida, Richard, Global Studies @ CSU Monterey Bay “Capital, Power, and Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean,” in Capital, Power, and Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean eds. Harris and Nef p. 14-16)

These macroeconomic policies have been carried out under the mantle of the so-called
AND
variability of the indigenous and peasant communities affected by these patterns of production.
Vote neg to reject the 1AC’s neoliberal model in favor of the Cuban alternative to neoliberalism which fosters social and environmental justice
Fanelli 8
(Carlo, SSHRC Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Department of Politics and Public Administration, Ryerson University, He received his PhD from the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Carleton University, “‘Cubanalismo’: The Cuban Alternative to Neoliberalism”, New Proposals: Journal of Marxism and Interdisciplinary Inquiry
Vol.2, No. 1 (November 2008) pgs. 7-16)

As this paper has attempted to integrate throughout this discussion, alternatives to neoliberalism do
AND
alternative modes of socioeconomic and environmental polices can and do continue to exist.

Debt Ceiling
Debt Ceiling vote will pass but PC key
BLOOMBERG 9 – 20 – 13 Senate Budget Chief Sees Republican Yield on Debt Lifting, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-19/senate-budget-chief-sees-republican-yield-on-debt-lifting.html

Republicans seeking to curb President Barack Obama’s health-care law probably will capitulate to demands from Democrats to enact a “clean” bill raising the nation’s debt ceiling, the Senate’s top Democratic budget writer said.
“I see no deals on the debt ceiling,” Senator Patty Murray of Washington state, who leads the Budget Committee, said in an interview on Bloomberg Television’s “Political Capital with Al Hunt” airing this weekend.
“The downside of not paying our bills is our credit-rating tanks,” Murray said. “That affects every family, every business, every community. It affects Main Street. It affects Wall Street.”
Murray said she also expects Republicans to relent on their demands for stripping spending from Obama’s health plan as part of action on a spending bill needed to keep the government running after Sept. 30.
Republicans led by House Speaker John Boehner of Ohio have clashed with Obama over the debt ceiling, with the lawmakers demanding changes to spending programs as a condition of raising the $16.7 trillion federal borrowing limit.
Republicans “will come together with some mishmash policy of everything in the bag they’ve ever promised” to anti-tax Tea Party activists, though “they haven’t been able to get the votes for anything yet,” said Murray, 62, fourth-ranking Democrat in the Senate’s leadership.

Congress HATES any cooperation with Cuba over oil drilling
Nerurkar and Sullivan 11 (Neelesh Nerurkar - Specialist in Energy Policy and Mark P. Sullivan - Specialist in Latin American Affairs, “Cuba’s Offshore Oil Development: Background and U.S. Policy Considerations”, November 28th, 2011, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41522.pdf) 

Interest in Cuba’s offshore oil development has continued in the 112th Congress as foreign oil
AND
after January 10, 2005, that contributed to Cuba’s offshore oil development. 

Destroys the global economy
DAVIDSON 9 – 15 – 13 co-founder and co-host of Planet Money, a co-production of the NYT and NPR Adam Davidson, Our Debt to Society,  http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/15/magazine/our-debt-to-society.html?pagewanted=alland_r=1and

The Daily Treasury Statement, a public accounting of what the U.S.
AND
the government paid out nearly $6 billion more than it took in.
This is the definition of a deficit, and it illustrates why the government needs
AND
they raise the debt ceiling — if they even raise it at all.
If the debt ceiling isn’t lifted again this fall, some serious financial decisions will
AND
by most accounts, the largest self-imposed financial disaster in history.
Nearly everyone involved predicts that someone will blink before this disaster occurs. Yet a
AND
record of that happening to the country that controls the global reserve currency.
Like many, I assumed a self-imposed U.S. debt crisis
AND
would collapse far worse than anything we’ve seen in the past several years.
Instead, Robert Auwaerter, head of bond investing for Vanguard, the world’s largest
AND
. Indeed, interest rates would fall and the bond markets would soar.
While this possibility might not sound so bad, it’s really far more damaging than
AND
U.S. would lose its unique role in the global economy.
The U.S. benefits enormously from its status as global reserve currency and
AND
free asset more risky, the entire global economy becomes riskier and costlier.
Global nuke wars
Kemp 10—Director of Regional Strategic Programs at The Nixon Center, served in
AND
Asia’s Growing Presence in the Middle East, p. 233-4

The second scenario, called Mayhem and Chaos, is the opposite of the first
AND
expected, with dire consequences for two-thirds of the planet’s population.

Don’t fine Cp
Text:
The United States Department of the Treasury should not adversely regulate or fine actions that lead to drilling and drilling safety in Cuban territorial water by US firms. 

Their own evidence indicates this CP solves without removing embargo
The cplan solves:
First – Easing oil embargo causes appeasement. Cplan solves better

Sadowski ‘11
Richard Sadowski is a Class of 2012 J.D. candidate, at Hofstra University¶ School of Law, NY. Mr. Sadowski is also the Managing Editor of Production of¶ the Journal of International Business and Law Vol. XI. “Cuban Offshore Drilling: Preparation and¶ Prevention within the Framework of the United¶ States’ Embargo” – ¶ Sustainable Development Law and Policy¶ Volume 12; Issue 1 Fall 2011: Natural Resource Conflicts Article 10 – http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1497andcontext=sdlp

Cuba plans to drill seven exploratory oil wells in the¶ Gulf of Mexico by
AND
,¶ similar to the one that the United States has enacted with Mexico.
Cuba instability

1. Squo solves stability- economic reforms
   Sweig and Rockefeller, 13 (Julia E. Sweig, Nelson and David Rockefeller Senior Fellow for Latin America Studies and Director for Latin America Studies, and Michael Bustamante “Cuba After Communism The Economic Reforms That Are Transforming the Island”  http://www.cfr.org/cuba/cuba-after-communism/p30991)
   Small-time diaspora capital may prove easier to regulate and rely on than funds
   AND
   the black market or assistance from family abroad to acquire many daily necessities.

2. Turn-plan causes political whirlwind- causes instability
Hernandez, 2012 (Cuba’s Leading Social Sciences professor and researcher at the University of Havana and the High Institute of International Relations; Director of U.S. studies at the Centro de Estudios sobre America; and a Senior Research Fellow at the Instituto cubano de Investigacion Cultural “Juan Marinello” in Havana. “Debating U.S-Cuban Relations”)
As far as costs are concerned, although many Cubans favor detente and appreciate its
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dealing effectively with "communist regimes" but its sense of superpower omnipotence.

No risk of a bioterror attack, and there won’t be retaliation - your evidence is hype
Matishak ‘10 (Martin, Global Security Newswire, “U.S. Unlikely to Respond to Biological Threat With Nuclear Strike, Experts Say,”, http://www.globalsecuritynewswire.org/gsn/nw_20100429_7133.php, April 29, 2010)

WASHINGTON -- The United States is not likely to use nuclear force to respond to
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biological weapons as 'the poor man's atomic bomb,'" he added. 

No impact to failed states
Patrick ’11 (Stewart M, senior fellow, director – program on international institutions and global governance @ CFR, “Why Failed States Shouldn’t Be Our Biggest National Security Fear,” http://www.cfr.org/international-peace-and-security/why-failed-states-shouldnt-our-biggest-national-security-fear/p24689, April 15, 2011)

In truth, while failed states may be worthy of America's attention on humanitarian and
AND
stronger developing countries, from which transnational threats are more likely to emanate.

Prolif is slow – states put prolif as side project priority

Waltz 2000(Kenneth, prof, http://www.ciaonet.org/olj/gjia/gjia_winspr00f.html, dw: Spring 2000, da: 7-8-2011, lido)
It is now estimated that about twenty–five countries are in a position to
AND
, in which one or two states per decade gradually develop nuclear weapons. 

Latin America is empirically denied—no escalation
Hartzell 2k (Caroline A, Middle Atlantic Council of Latin American Studies Latin American Essays, “Latin America's civil wars: conflict resolution and institutional change.” http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-28765765_ITM, 2000)

Latin America has been the site of fourteen civil wars during the post-World
AND
are the factors that are responsible for shaping post-war institutional change?
No hotspots:

1. Deterrence checks middle east conflict – emperics and fear

Waltz 2000 (Kenneth, prof, http://www.ciaonet.org/olj/gjia/gjia_winspr00f.html, dw: Spring 2000, da: 7-8-2011, lido)
We have this peculiar notion about the irrationality of rogue states. When he was
AND
how can we say irrational or undeterrable? But we do say it.

2. No risk of Asian war – stability now
Desker 8 6/25, *Barry Desker: dean of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, NTU and writes for The Strait Times, “Why war is unlikely in Asia,” http://www.asiaone.com/News/the2BStraits2BTimes/Story/A1Story20080625-72716.html, AJ
THE Asia-Pacific region is both a zone of relative insecurity as well as
AND
societies had to adjust to Western norms and values during the American century. 

US-Cuba Relations – frontline
Their LA terrorism card is talking about squo activities in Venezula and Trinida that the Aff doesn’t solve for because this is where Terrorist have bombs- XC proves
(  ) Gradualism solves
A – Normaized US-Cuban ties coming. Happens by 2018 under Diaz-Canel. 

Gott ‘13
Richard Gott is a writer and historian. He worked for many years at the Guardian as a leader-writer, foreign correspondent and as the features editor. He is the author of Cuba: A New History, published by Yale University Press – Guardian – Feb 25th – http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/feb/25/cuba-us-ties-castro-raul

The mills of God grind slowly, yet they grind exceeding small. So it
AND
the half-century-old revolutionary process into new and unfamiliar waters.
By 2018, Fidel Castro, aged 86, long described as an ageing revolutionary
AND
would be able to forge a new and beneficial relationship with the US.

B – Embargo will inevitably and slowly fall in the squo. Waiting for discovery, not drilling, is key.

Franks ‘8
Jeff Franks – Havana correspondent for Reuter’s – New York Times – 6/12/2008¶ http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/12/business/worldbusiness/12iht-cubaoil.4.13670441.html?_r=0

Sometime next year, Cuba plans to begin drilling a major oil field off its
AND
get it, and in this case it's 50 miles off our coast."

(  ) A Drilling agreement alone won’t spill-over to broad relations

Padgett ‘12
Tim Padgett joined TIME in 1996 as Mexico City bureau chief covering Latin America. In 1999 he moved to Florida to become TIME’s Miami and Latin America bureau chief, reporting on the hemisphere from Tallahassee to Tierra del Fuego. He has chronicled Mexico’s democratization and drug war as well as the rise of Latin leaders like Lula and Hugo Chavez, TIME, 1-27-2012, “The Oil Off Cuba: Washington and Havana Dance at Arms Length Over Spill Prevention,” http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2105598,00.html#ixzz2NxDjxp81, accessed 5-10-2013 

What experts on both sides of the Straits hope is that sea currents will carry
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worker imprisoned in Cuba since 2009 on what many call questionable spying charges.

(  ) Alt causes to US-Cuban ties – Human Rights, Guantanamo, and Cuban exiles

Hanson and Lee ‘13
Stephanie Hanson and Brianna Lee, Council on Foreign Relations, “U.S.-Cuba Relations”, 1/31/13 http://www.cfr.org/cuba/us-cuba-relations/p11113
What are the issues preventing normalization of U.S.-Cuba relations? Experts
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alienating a strong voting bloc in an important swing state in presidential elections.

 (  ) Cuba doesn’t want close relations with the US

French ‘13
Anya Landau French, Director of the New America Foundation U.S. – Cuba Policy Initiative, 2-10-2013, “Secretary Kerry: Will He or Won't He Take On Cuba?,” http://thehavananote.com/2013/02/secretary_kerry_will_he_or_wont_he_take_cuba

And, then there’s the Cuban government. As much as many in the Cuban
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existence, something the leadership obviously isn’t going to put on the table.
(  ) No nuclear terrorism – tech barriers. 

Chapman ‘12
(Stephen, editorial writer for Chicago Tribune, “CHAPMAN: Nuclear terrorism unlikely,” May 22, http://www.oaoa.com/articles/chapman-87719-nuclear-terrorism.html)
A layperson may figure it’s only a matter of time before the unimaginable comes to
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, it appears, the worst eventuality is one that will never happen.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Carrolton DW | Judge: idk
iran same as round 2
china cp from hooche
tqpq like always
neolib same as from glenbrook round 2

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 5 | Opponent: Pinecrest GJ | Judge: idk
guerrilla politics from wake round 5
T read resnick card
holocaust PIK we read like a card
Against the affirmative’s paralyzing discursive politics, it is more important than ever to emphasize Marx’s insight that transformations in consciousness can never lead to social transformations – only struggling to transform the real material conditions that structure social relations can bring about social change
Marx, 1845
(Karl, The German Ideology, http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/ch01b.htm)
This conception of … men make circumstances.

Unfortunately, Marx’s insight has been all but discarded by the new left, with its emphasis on being postmodern, postcolonial, poststructural, postMarxist, or post-anything.  This post-al politics of the contemporary left focuses on discourse and language at the expense of analyzing real material conditions.  This post-al logic is complicit with capitalism, especially insofar as it obscures the operation of political economy and the material reality of capitalism
Zavarzadeh, 94 – Dept English @ Syracuse (Mas’ud, “The Stupidity that Consumption is Just as Productive as Production”, The Alternative  Orange, V 4, Fall/Winter 1994, http://www.etext.org/Politics/AlternativeOrange/4/v4n1_cpp.html)
The task of … a tropological description.5

Capitalism exacerbates structural violence
Brown 5 (Charles Brown, Professor of Economics and Research Scientist at the University of Michigan; “Capitalism, Exploitation, and Oppression,” 5/13/2005, http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/pen-l/2005w15/msg00062.html)
The capitalist class … of life in the U.S.

Reject their assertion that discourse and performance can change material social realities

We must return to Marx, recognizing that the only hope for human survival is a politics which engages in struggles to change material social relations rather than discursive attempts to change assumptions—any attempt to work within the system of capitalism is doomed to failure—our alternative is the only hope for human survival
Harman, 7 – Editor of the Socialst Worker, 97 (Chris, Economics of the madhouse, Pg 99-100)
 ‘A reprise in … of the mass of people

Tournament: MBA | Round: 1 | Opponent: Westminster LF | Judge: Andrew Spomer
Their representations of instability and terrorism and promotion of US liberal norms are not neutral, but rather a vehicle for the expression of hegemonic domination and neoliberal exploitation – the plan becomes a tool for military intervention and US security interests while strengthening its economic grip over Latin America
Jacobs 4 (Jamie Elizabeth, Assistant Prof of Polisci at West Virginia U, "Neoliberalism and Neopanamericanism: The View from Latin America,"  Latin American Politics and Society 46.4 (2004) 149-152, MUSE)
The advance of neoliberalism suffers no shortage of critics, both from its supporters who
AND
further weakening of state sovereignty in the South. End Page 150
The 1ac is the shock doctrine. Their framing of a Cuban economy in crisis is the same framing used to justify  self fulfilling prophecies of economic collapse, violence, and massive inequality in Iraq and Chile
Klein 07 (Naomi, activist and writer, “The Shock Doctrine: the Rise of Disaster Capitalism,” Henry Holt and Company, page 6-8)
In one of his most influential essays, Friedman articulated contemporary capitalism's core tactical nostrum
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disaster were able to regroup and stake their claims to what was theirs.
Trade liberalization with Cuba “kicks away the ladder” to prevent successful Cuban development – their claims about free trade are historical myths that ignore the success of protectionism in promoting growth and quality of life
Fanelli 8
(Carlo, SSHRC Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Department of Politics and Public Administration, Ryerson University, He received his PhD from the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Carleton University, “‘Cubanalismo’: The Cuban Alternative to Neoliberalism”, New Proposals: Journal of Marxism and Interdisciplinary Inquiry Vol.2, No. 1 (November 2008) pgs. 7-16)

A closer look at the history of capitalism, however, reveals a much different
AND
productivity levels, efficiency, and quality had been more or less achieved.
This ruthless drive for capital accumulation makes extinction, ecological holocaust, social inequality, agricultural collapse, authoritarianism, militarization, and war inevitable
Robinson 8 (William I, scholar activist, professor of sociology @ UC Santa Barbara, affiliated with the Latin American and Iberian Studies Program and Global and International Studies Program @ UCSB, his research focuses on macro and comparative sociology, globalization, transnationalism, political economy, development, Latin America, “Latin America and Global Capitalism: A Critical Globalization Perspective,” Preface XII-XIII, John Hopkins University Press, Accessed via Ebscohost through Vanderbilt Databases)
Returning to the dual themes of crisis and critical globalization studies, there can be
AND
political economists concur that a global economic collapse is possible, even probable.
This form of structural violence outweighs – media bias means we ignore these impacts until they reach a crisis point, only addressing them as a pre-requisite to short-term impacts can address the proximate cause of the aff’s impacts
Nixon 11
(Rob, Rachel Carson Professor of English, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor, pgs. 2-4)

Three primary concerns animate this book, chief among them my conviction that we urgently
AND
that has reached across national boundaries in an effort to build translocal alliances.

The judge is an intellectual. The alternative is to reject the neoliberal epistemology of the 1ac in favor of an epistemology that privileges the majority of the global south.
Robinson 8 (William I, scholar activist, professor of sociology @ UC Santa Barbara, affiliated with the Latin American and Iberian Studies Program and Global and International Studies Program @ UCSB, his research focuses on macro and comparative sociology, globalization, transnationalism, political economy, development, Latin America, “Latin America and Global Capitalism: A Critical Globalization Perspective,” Preface XIII, John Hopkins University Press, Accessed via Ebscohost through Vanderbilt Databases)

In times such as these intellectuals are called upon to engage in a critical analytical
AND
of bringing together multiple publics in developing programs that integrate theory and practice.
You have a moral obligation to use critical theory to exercise a preferential option for the majority of global society. The nexus question of this debate is not “is neoliberalism good?” , but “For whom?” and “To what end?”
Robinson 6 (William I,  scholar activist, professor of sociology @ UC Santa Barbara, affiliated with the Latin American and Iberian Studies Program and Global and International Studies Program @ UCSB, his research focuses on macro and comparative sociology, globalization, transnationalism, political economy, development, Latin America, Critical Globalization Studies, Chapter 2, "Critical Globalization Studies," ed by R Richard P Appelbaum, page 25-28, http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/faculty/robinson/Assets/pdf/crit_glob.pdf)
In the 1960s and 1970s in Latin America and elsewhere, lay people and grassroots
AND
universities by transnational corporate capital, and the ever greater commodi?cation of education.

Tournament: MBA | Round: 4 | Opponent: Notre Dame AB | Judge: Sara Sanchez
The drive for oil consumption is rooted in neoliberalism and transforms access to foreign oil resources into an American entitlement – that causes massive international resource conflict and intervention
Huber – Asst. Prof of Geography @ Syracuse – 9
(Matthew, Asst Professor, Syracuse University School of Public Affairs, The Use of Gasoline: Value, Oil,and the “American way of life”, Antipode 43:1, 465-486, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2009.00683.x)

How have critical geographers and other social theorists conceptualized this dynamically changing political economy of
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), and consequently rationalize the use and/or abuse of such resources.
US economic engagement is a vehicle for neoliberal exploitation – the plan becomes a tool for military intervention and US security interests while strengthening its economic grip over Latin America
Jacobs 4 (Jamie Elizabeth, Assistant Prof of Polisci at West Virginia U, "Neoliberalism and Neopanamericanism: The View from Latin America,"  Latin American Politics and Society 46.4 (2004) 149-152, MUSE)
The advance of neoliberalism suffers no shortage of critics, both from its supporters who
AND
further weakening of state sovereignty in the South. End Page 150
Cuban oil drilling will make Cuba and its regional partners economically independent from the US now. The 1ac’s claim of US industry safety expertise and oil prevention effort is nothing but a neoliberal sales pitch to reclaim oil market hegemony.
Sandels 2011
(Robert _{former Quinnipiac University history professor, “An Oil-Rich Cuba?”, September, http://monthlyreview.org/2011/09/01/an-oil-rich-cuba)}

Cuba is about to begin drilling for oil in the Gulf of Mexico. If
AND
cheap oil from Venezuela came the importation of “neo-communism.”12
This ruthless drive for capital accumulation makes extinction, ecological holocaust, social inequality, agricultural collapse, authoritarianism, militarization, and war inevitable
Robinson 8 (William I, scholar activist, professor of sociology @ UC Santa Barbara, affiliated with the Latin American and Iberian Studies Program and Global and International Studies Program @ UCSB, his research focuses on macro and comparative sociology, globalization, transnationalism, political economy, development, Latin America, “Latin America and Global Capitalism: A Critical Globalization Perspective,” Preface XII-XIII, John Hopkins University Press, Accessed via Ebscohost through Vanderbilt Databases)
Returning to the dual themes of crisis and critical globalization studies, there can be
AND
political economists concur that a global economic collapse is possible, even probable.
This form of structural violence outweighs – media bias means we ignore these impacts until they reach a crisis point, only addressing them as a pre-requisite to short-term impacts can address the proximate cause of the aff’s impacts
Nixon 11
(Rob, Rachel Carson Professor of English, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor, pgs. 2-4)

Three primary concerns animate this book, chief among them my conviction that we urgently
AND
that has reached across national boundaries in an effort to build translocal alliances.

The judge is an intellectual. The alternative is to reject the neoliberal epistemology of the 1ac in favor of an epistemology that privileges the majority of the global south.
Robinson 8 (William I, scholar activist, professor of sociology @ UC Santa Barbara, affiliated with the Latin American and Iberian Studies Program and Global and International Studies Program @ UCSB, his research focuses on macro and comparative sociology, globalization, transnationalism, political economy, development, Latin America, “Latin America and Global Capitalism: A Critical Globalization Perspective,” Preface XIII, John Hopkins University Press, Accessed via Ebscohost through Vanderbilt Databases)

In times such as these intellectuals are called upon to engage in a critical analytical
AND
of bringing together multiple publics in developing programs that integrate theory and practice.
You have a moral obligation to use critical theory to exercise a preferential option for the majority of global society. The nexus question of this debate is not “is neoliberalism good?” , but “For whom?” and “To what end?”
Robinson 6 (William I,  scholar activist, professor of sociology @ UC Santa Barbara, affiliated with the Latin American and Iberian Studies Program and Global and International Studies Program @ UCSB, his research focuses on macro and comparative sociology, globalization, transnationalism, political economy, development, Latin America, Critical Globalization Studies, Chapter 2, "Critical Globalization Studies," ed by R Richard P Appelbaum, page 25-28, http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/faculty/robinson/Assets/pdf/crit_glob.pdf)
In the 1960s and 1970s in Latin America and elsewhere, lay people and grassroots
AND
universities by transnational corporate capital, and the ever greater commodi?cation of education.

Tournament: MBA | Round: 5 | Opponent: Groves CO | Judge: Darius White
read resnick t card
Imperceptability K
The battle for the public sphere is over—we lost.  Conservatives and liberals are now two sides of the same coin, and any movement that actually promises radical change will be destroyed as soon as it becomes visible.  An invisible movement has the most subversive potential—the only space left for radical thought is the non-sensical, that which is excluded by its very unintelligibility to the public sphere
The Invisible Committee 7 an anonymous group of French professors, phd candidates, and intellectuals, in the book “The Coming Insurrection” published by Semiotext(e) (attributed to the Tarnac Nine by the French police), http://tarnac9.noblogs.org/gallery/5188/insurrection_english.pdf

Whatever angle you look at it from, there's no escape from the present.
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we can see and not avoid the conclusions to be drawn from it.
The 1ac presents an agony tale, where they highlight marginalization in real, specific instances to elicit affective response.  This unwittingly reinforces worldviews that render mundane prejudice and privilege invisible.  Vote neg to universalize the praxis of the 1ac absent the particular tale
Fan 97 Copyright (c) 1997 The Columbia Law Review Columbia Law Review May, 1997 97 Colum. L. Rev. 1202 LENGTH: 17247 words SYMPOSIUM: TELECOMMUNICATIONS LAW: UNSCRAMBLING THE SIGNALS, UNBUNDLING THE LAW: NOTE: IMMIGRATION LAW AND THE PROMISE OF CRITICAL RACE THEORY: OPENING THE ACADEMY TO THE VOICES OF ALIENS AND IMMIGRANTS NAME: Stephen Shie-Wei Fan

While the narratives of all critical race theorists bear the same purpose of bringing to
AND
to go beyond merely engendering a passive sense of identification from sympathetic listeners.

To make resistance visible is to coopt it by giving it an object – this understanding allows resistance to be framed, to be declared a failure and prevents the immanence of imperceptible politics from coalescing around mundane academic practices and habitudes of existence.  
Tsianos et al. 8 (Vassilis, teaches sociology at the University of Hamburg, Germany, Dimitris Papadopoulos teaches social theory at Cardiff University, Niamh Stephenson teaches social science at the University of New South Wales. “Escape Routes: Control and Subversion in the 21st Century” Pluto Press)

In this sense imperceptible politics does not necessarily differ from or oppose other prevalent forms
AND
this void into everyday politics that becomes the vital force for imperceptible politics.

“Try or die” logic reinforces the idea of forced choice, characterizing the question always as EITHER the aff OR the status quo, the same tactic that the current political climate uses to keep dissidents content but only on its own terms.  Refuse the choices as offered, demand a third option.
Halberstam 13 (Jack, professor of English and Director of the Center for Feminist Research at USC, “The Wild Beyond: With and For the Undercommons,” The Undercommons: Fugitive Planning and Black Study, Minor Compositions, pg. 8)
The path to the wild beyond is paved with refusal. In The Undercom-
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to refuse the offers we receive to shape that noise into “music.”

case
The poems referenced by the 1ac are not reflective of the detainees themselves, but rather of the Pentagon. They were strictly selected by the Pentagon and translated by unqualified linguists. At most the poems are tales of sad lives, not unique stories of the individuals who wrote them.
Chiasson 2007 (Dan, Professor at Wellesly College and author of “One Kind of Everything: Poem and Person in Contemporary America,'' “Notes on Prison Camp,” http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademic/?)
All of which is to say, reading ''Poems From Guantanamo'' is a bizarre experience
AND
, blunts where it purports to sharpen, blurs where it promised focus.

Their focus purely on Guantanamo Bay as the state of exception ignores the myriad of instances elsewhere
Johns 5 (Fleur Johns, Lecturer at the University of Sydney Faculty of Law, http://www.ejil.org/pdfs/16/4/311.pdf, 2005)
In arguing against Agamben and others that the experience of the exception anticipated by Schmitt
AND
immigrants in the most informal and vulnerable sectors of the contemporary economy.99

Agamben’s argument about the State of Exception doesn’t consider international actors and Human rights obligations.
Guild 03 (Elspeth Guild, Elspeth Guild holds a Ph.D. in sociology of law from Radboud University Nijmegen 1999) and is the author of numerous books and articles on the development of the EU, particularly in the area of justice and home affairs and the creation of an area of freedom, security and justice. ‘Exceptionalism and Transnationalism: UK Judicial Control of the Detention of Foreign "International Terrorists"’, 2003)
In his recent commentary on sovereignty and the exception, the Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben
AND
obedience and autonomy is structured around the laws created by other state institutions.

Agamben’s philosophy does not apply to politics – biopolitics is an empty term that ultimately blocks critical thought
Virno, Professor of Linguistic Philosophy, 2002.  (Paolo, University of Cosenza, 'General intellect, exodus, multitude. Interview with Paolo Virno', Archipélago number 54, published in English at http://www.generation-online.org/p/fpvirno2.htm)
Agamben is a problem. Agamben is a thinker of great value but also
AND
are, in all cases, instruments of work and not propaganda words.

Analyses based on the state of exception as permanent not extraordinary are contradictory and tautological.  By reducing the discussion, Agamben’s arguments harm discourse over sovereign/subject and exceptionalism questions.
Neal 10 Andrew W. Neal is a Lecturer in International Relations at the University
AND
served on the editorial team of International Political Sociology from 2006-2011.
While it may be the case that legal states of exception became normalized historically,
AND
most incisively understood in terms of an exceptional relation with ‘the norm’.

Specifically, Agamben’s use of “bare life” is flawed.  It ignores the agency of the subject and reduces a more complex interaction of power relations to a unique space and situation.  Guantanamo bay and spaces like it are part of a bigger picture that Agamben cannot see.
Neal 10 Andrew W. Neal is a Lecturer in International Relations at the University
AND
served on the editorial team of International Political Sociology from 2006-2011.
Contra Agamben, ‘bare’ life does not constitute the primary object of this formation
AND
from everyday life, but recombined with more ‘archaic’ modalities of power.

Empirical research undermines arguments about exceptionalism based on Agamben’s characterization of the state.  Projects undertaken at Guantanamo bay reveal the prison to be an anti-exceptional legal artifact.
Neal 10 Andrew W. Neal is a Lecturer in International Relations at the University
AND
served on the editorial team of International Political Sociology from 2006-2011.
As we will see, empirical research projects on practices of ‘exceptionalism’ demonstrate that
AND
practices of the camp seem strenuously geared towards their own regularization and normalization.

Tournament: Ohio Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Woodward BL | Judge: Adam Smiley
Topicality Economic Engagement

1. Interpretation: “Engagement” requires the provision of positive incentives
   Haass 00 – Richard Haass and Meghan O’Sullivan, Brookings Institution Foreign Policy Studies Program, Honey and Vinegar: Incentives, Sanctions, and Foreign Policy, p. 1-2

The term engagement was popularized amid the controversial policy of constructive engagement pursued by the
AND
shape the behavior of countries with which the United States has important disagreements.
That means the plan must be a quid-pro-quo
De LaHunt 6 - Assistant Director for Environmental Health and Safety Services in Colorado College's Facilities Services department (John, “Perverse and unintended” Journal of Chemical Health and Safety, July-August, Science direct)

Incentives work on a quid pro quo basis – this for that. If you
AND
run, for at least two reasons – unintended consequences and perverse incentives.
2. Violation- Plan isn’t conditional
3. Reasons to prefer
a. Limits --- it functionally narrows the topic because few cases can defend conditioning --- the alternative is hundreds of single import or export cases that explode research burden which saps clash and topic specific education.
b. Ground --- QPQ ensures generics like soft power and foreign politics DAs, counterplans to add or remove a condition, and critiques of diplomacy- spurs critical thinking and topic education.

Neolib
US economic engagement is a vehicle for neoliberal exploitation – the plan becomes a tool for military intervention and US security interests while strengthening its economic grip over Latin America
Jacobs 4 (Jamie Elizabeth, Assistant Prof of Polisci at West Virginia U, "Neoliberalism and Neopanamericanism: The View from Latin America,"  Latin American Politics and Society 46.4 (2004) 149-152, MUSE)
The advance of neoliberalism suffers no shortage of critics, both from its supporters who
AND
further weakening of state sovereignty in the South. End Page 150
Neoliberalism causes extinction- environmental collapse, war,  and exploitation
Darder 10 (Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED
It is fitting to begin my words about Richard Kahn’s Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy,
AND
the well-being of all species with whom we walk the earth. 

The role of the ballot is to reject neoliberal knowledge hegemony in favor of critical pedagogy as a starting point for a more compassionate form of politics
Giroux 13 (Henry A, professor at McMaster University, activist, writes for truthout, has been on Bill Moyer’s talk show, “Beyond Savage Politics and Dystopian Nightmares,” Truth Out, a progressive independent news organization, 25 September 2013)
The state of collective unconsciousness that haunts America has its deepest roots not only in
AND
continue unabated and the winds of authoritarianism will gain in speed and destructiveness.

DA
Obama using limited PC now to prevent additional sanctions and XO doesn’t solve
Gelb 12/4 Leslie H. Gelb, The Daily Beast, “Obama Wins Round One on Iran” http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/12/04/obama-wins-round-one-on-iran.html
President Obama has quieted the mob of critics on the interim pact with Iran,
AND
, they must press their advantages and take the field aggressively. Now.¶ 

Border funding is very contentious
Lee and Wilson 13 (Erik Lee, Associate Director of the North American Center for Transborder Studies; and Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, “The State Of The Border Report” http://www.scribd.com/doc/143242331/The-State-of-the-US-Mexico-Border May 2013)
The concern of both nations over environmental quality at their common border ¶ is relatively
AND
¶ susceptible to the political priorities of Congress and/or the White House
Sanctions kill the deal
Beinart, 12/2/13 (Peter, “No, More Sanctions Won’t Help With Iran,” http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/12/02/no-more-sanctions-won-t-help-with-iran.html, bgm)

Today, America should make a similar investment in Hassan Rouhani, not because Rouhani
AND
time they come along, who knows how many centrifuges Iran will have?
Link 

Negotiations failure triggers military strikes and regional proliferation-causes escalatory wars, oil shocks and collapses the economy.
Cordesman13
(Anthony, holds the Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and is a national security analyst on a number of global conflicts, “Negotiating with Iran: The Strategic Case for Pragmatism and Real Progress,” http://csis.org/publication/negotiating-iran-strategic-case-pragmatism-and-real-progress, 9/23/13)

Nevertheless, it makes no sense at all to reject Hassan Rouhani’s opening or condemn
AND
end result is a major interruption in the flow of Gulf petroleum exports.
Relations
Their transatlantic relations impact is not reverse causal- sure their evidence might be rhetorically powerful about countries angry at the US over the spying scandal, but empirically post world war two, Europe has relied on the us as an ally.

The plan increases border infrastructure investment- that has nothing to do with Europe.- XC proves
Spy scandal is alt cause that Mexico, Germany and France won’t forgive us no matter what
All their i/ls are based on international agreements- no way republicans will radify in congress
Their evidence talks about the TPP being necessary between the lines
Their i/l is baded on increasing trade- The tha passed and that means status quo solves
Martin 5/3/13 (Jeremy Martin, Duncan Wood, U.S. Should Act Quickly on Transboundary Hydrocarbon Agreement With Mexico, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/12923/u-s-should-act-quickly-on-transboundary-hydrocarbon-agreement-with-mexico)

On this last issue, it is likely that the Mexican president inquired about the
AND
. companies, including exciting joint venture opportunities with Pemex long thought impossible.
 

Relations high – our evidence is predictive and discusses the segregation of issues
Selee and Diaz-Cayeros 13 (Andrew and Alberto) “The Dynamics of US Mexico Relations” Mexico and the United States: the politics of partnership. 2013. Book
Yet positive factors favor prospects for more effective partnership and are likely to drive cooperation
AND
augur progress on another; nor does failure in one area lead to f

ailure in another.  Nonetheless, progress in deepending engagement between the two countries will
AND
whose relationship is guided by a common vision of mutually beneficial shared outcomes.
Both Obama and Nieto want to continue close cooperation
Washington Wire 13, Wall Street journal’s feature on new from the white house, “Statement: U.S., Mexico Stress Greater Cooperation,” 5/2/13, http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2013/05/02/statement-u-s-mexico-stress-greater-cooperation/

Underpinning our successful United States-Mexico economic relationship are trade and investment flows that
AND
countries, and their importance to the prosperity and culture of both societies.

Heg

Their most recent uniqueness ev is from 2012
US Manufacturing at highest level in 3 years and sustainable
ABC 12/2 Christopher RUGABER AP Economics Writer ABC US Manufacturing Grows at Fastest in 2½ Years
http://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory/us-manufacturing-grows-fastest-years-21068760
U.S. manufacturing grew in November at the fastest pace in 2½
AND
suggest that growth is remaining solid in the current October-December quarter.¶ 

The economy is a record highs and the USFG isn’t important
Deaux Today, Joe Deaux, the street, The street is part of forbes, Joe Deaux joined TheStreet in May 2011. He holds a bachelor's degree from Seton Hall University and two master's degrees from Columbia University, where he attended the Graduate School of Journalism. “Jobs Report Signals 'Paradigm Shift' in U.S. Economy”http:www.thestreet.com/story/12140947/1/jobs-report-signals-paradigm-shift-in-us-economy.html

http://www.thestreet.com/story/12140947/1/jobs-report-signals-paradigm-shift-in-us-economy.html
NEW YORK (TheStreet) -- Party like it's 2007 because Friday's November jobs report
AND
begin a so-called tapering in the first quarter of 2014.¶ "
The economy crashed after 9/11, and in 2008 but nothing happened – either proves that US downturn doesn’t hurt other countries or there’s no impact

No impact to economic decline – empirically proven
Ferguson 6 Niall, MA, D.Phil., is Laurence A. Tisch Professor of History at Harvard University and William Ziegler Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School. He is also a Senior Research Fellow at Jesus College, Oxford University, and a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, Foreign Affairs, Sept/Oct, “The Next War of the World”

Nor can economic crises explain the bloodshed. What may be the most familiar causal
AND
economic catastrophe, and some severe economic crises were not followed by wars.
Shift to multipolarity now- economic power shifts
Layne 12 (Christopher Layne is a professor, and Robert M. Gates Chair
AND
and the Pax Americana, International Studies Quarterly 1-11/ak)
Some twenty years after the Cold War’s end, it now is evident that both
AND
and the United States’ own domestic economic weaknesses, it already is withering.

But, prolonging transition makes war inevitable
Layne, Texas AandM University School of Government Chair in Intelligence and National Security, 6
(Christopher, The President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “The Unipolar Illusion Revisited The Coming of the United States' Unipolar Moment,” 2006, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/international_security/v031/31.2layne.html, Accessed: 7/5/12, MLF)

If the United States fails to adopt an offshore balancing strategy based on multipolarity and
AND
systems. Unilateral offshore balancing, indeed, is America's next grand strategy.

Decline doesn’t cause war- no scenario for escalation
Fettweis ‘11 (Christopher J., Department of Political Science, Tulane University, Free Riding or Restraint? Examining European Grand Strategy, Comparative Strategy, 30:316–332, EBSCO, September 26, 2011)

Assertions that without the combination of U.S. capabilities, presence and commitments
AND
their security is all but assured, with or without the United States.
Multipolarity better than Heg leads to global cooperation and still allows for US influence
Layne, Texas AandM University School of Government Chair in Intelligence and National Security, 6
Christopher, The President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “The Unipolar Illusion Revisited The Coming of the United States' Unipolar Moment,” 2006, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/international_security/v031/31.2layne.html, accessed 7-9-13 BLE

Second, although regional balancing could work to the United States' advantage, it would
AND
a greater threat than U.S. preponderance during the Cold War.
The likelihood that the major Eurasian powers may engage in regional balancing, in fact
AND
while security competitions sapped the relative power positions of the major Eurasian powers.
US hegemony provokes Russian and Chinese military alliance—risks nuclear exchange
Roberts, American economist and a columnist for Creators Syndicate, 7
Paul Craig, August 12, 2007, “U.S. Hegemony Spawns Russian-Chinese Military Alliance “, http://www.creators.com/opinion/paul-craig-roberts/u-s-hegemony-spawns-russian-chinese-military-alliance.html, accessed 7-7-13 BLE

This week the Russian and Chinese militaries are conducting a joint military exercise involving large AND
States, Russia, and China would establish the hegemony of the cockroach.

Hegemony fails – liberal intervention causes backlash, terrorism, and instability – Iraq and Afghanistan prove
Posen, MIT Political Science Professor, 13
Barry R., Jan/Feb 2013, Foreign Affairs, “Pull Back,” Vol. 92, Issue 1, Academic Search Complete, accessed 7/2/13,  WD

Just as emerging powers have gotten stronger, so, too, have the small
AND
and futile effort to transform Afghanistan, and the Obama administration continued it.

Hegemony causes outsourcing which results in escalation of regional conflict and destroys foreign relations
Posen, MIT Political Science Professor, 13
Barry R., Jan/Feb 2013, Foreign Affairs, “Pull Back,” Vol. 92, Issue 1, Academic Search Complete, accessed 7/2/13,  WD

Another problematic response to the United States' grand strategy comes from its friends: free
AND
serious impediment to improved U.S. relations with the Arab world.

Tournament: Ohio Valley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Pace LQ | Judge: Peter Susko
T

1. Interpretation: “Engagement” requires the provision of positive incentives
   Haass 00 – Richard Haass and Meghan O’Sullivan, Brookings Institution Foreign Policy Studies Program, Honey and Vinegar: Incentives, Sanctions, and Foreign Policy, p. 1-2

The term engagement was popularized amid the controversial policy of constructive engagement pursued by the
AND
shape the behavior of countries with which the United States has important disagreements.
That means the plan must be a quid-pro-quo
De LaHunt 6 - Assistant Director for Environmental Health and Safety Services in Colorado College's Facilities Services department (John, “Perverse and unintended” Journal of Chemical Health and Safety, July-August, Science direct)

Incentives work on a quid pro quo basis – this for that. If you
AND
run, for at least two reasons – unintended consequences and perverse incentives.
2. Violation- Plan isn’t conditional
3. Reasons to prefer
a. Limits --- it functionally narrows the topic because few cases can defend conditioning --- the alternative is hundreds of single import or export cases that explode research burden which saps clash and topic specific education.
b. Ground --- QPQ ensures generics like soft power and foreign politics DAs, counterplans to add or remove a condition, spurs critical thinking and topic education.
4. Topicality is a voter- if it were not the aff could run the same case year after year or unbeatable truths
K
Trade liberalization with Cuba “kicks away the ladder” to prevent successful Cuban development – their claims about free trade are historical myths that ignore the success of protectionism in promoting growth and quality of life
Fanelli 8
(Carlo, SSHRC Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Department of Politics and Public Administration, Ryerson University, He received his PhD from the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Carleton University, “‘Cubanalismo’: The Cuban Alternative to Neoliberalism”, New Proposals: Journal of Marxism and Interdisciplinary Inquiry Vol.2, No. 1 (November 2008) pgs. 7-16)

A closer look at the history of capitalism, however, reveals a much different
AND
productivity levels, efficiency, and quality had been more or less achieved.
Neoliberalism causes extinction- environmental collapse, war,  and exploitation
Darder 10 (Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED
It is fitting to begin my words about Richard Kahn’s Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy,
AND
the well-being of all species with whom we walk the earth. 

The role of the ballot is to reject neoliberal knowledge hegemony in favor of critical pedagogy as a starting point for a more compassionate form of politics
Giroux 13 (Henry A, professor at McMaster University, activist, writes for truthout, has been on Bill Moyer’s talk show, “Beyond Savage Politics and Dystopian Nightmares,” Truth Out, a progressive independent news organization, 25 September 2013)
The state of collective unconsciousness that haunts America has its deepest roots not only in
AND
continue unabated and the winds of authoritarianism will gain in speed and destructiveness.

DA
Obama using PC now to prevent additional sanctions and XO doesn’t solve
Gelb 12/4 Leslie H. Gelb, The Daily Beast, “Obama Wins Round One on Iran” http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/12/04/obama-wins-round-one-on-iran.html
President Obama has quieted the mob of critics on the interim pact with Iran,
AND
, they must press their advantages and take the field aggressively. Now.¶ 

Sanctions kill the deal
Beinart, 12/2/13 (Peter, “No, More Sanctions Won’t Help With Iran,” http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/12/02/no-more-sanctions-won-t-help-with-iran.html, bgm)

Today, America should make a similar investment in Hassan Rouhani, not because Rouhani
AND
time they come along, who knows how many centrifuges Iran will have?
Hostage taking link – Backlash and hostage taking on unrelated priority legislation is empirically proven, and likely in the future  – Pro Cuba policy saps pc
LeoGrande, 12
William M. LeoGrande School of Public Affairs American University, Professor of Government and a specialist in Latin American politics and U.S. foreign policy toward Latin America, Professor LeoGrande has been a frequent adviser to government and private sector agencies, 12/18/12, http://www.american.edu/clals/upload/LeoGrande-Fresh-Start.pdf

The Second Obama Administration Where in the executive branch will control over Cuba policy lie
AND
rarely happen unless the urgency of the problem forces policymakers to take action.

Negotiations failure triggers military strikes and regional proliferation-causes escalatory wars, oil shocks and collapses the economy.
Cordesman13
(Anthony, holds the Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and is a national security analyst on a number of global conflicts, “Negotiating with Iran: The Strategic Case for Pragmatism and Real Progress,” http://csis.org/publication/negotiating-iran-strategic-case-pragmatism-and-real-progress, 9/23/13)

Nevertheless, it makes no sense at all to reject Hassan Rouhani’s opening or condemn
AND
end result is a major interruption in the flow of Gulf petroleum exports.

CP
The People’s Republic of China should substantially increase its economic engagement towards Cuba.

It solves – China is a better alternative than the US – solves the aff and avoids the disad.
Ellis 6. Evan, Associate with Booz Allen Hamilton, Inc., with an emphasis on Latin American security issues, PhD in Political Science, "The New Chinese Engagement with Latin America: Understanding its Dynamics and the Implications for the Region" Booz-Allen -- March 3 -- www6.miami.edu/hemispheric-policy/ellisthenewchineseengagementwithlatinamerica030306.pdf

Aside from the intangible political dimension, China also represents a real alternative ¶ market
AND
United States, such as the Free ¶ Trade Area of the Americas.

Sugar ethanol
No Cuban ethanol sector – unworkable land and long-time frame.
Soligo et al 10
(Ronald, a professor emeritus of economics at Rice University and a Rice scholar at the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy. The author writes a chapter within the book “Cuba’s Energy Future: Strategic Approaches to Cooperation,” a Brookings Publication, edited by Jonathan Benjamin-Alvarado, PhD of Political Science, University of Nebraska –obtained as an ebook through MSU Electronic Resources – page 102)

Three and a half billion gallons seems unrealistic for the foreseeable future. There is
AND
water and fertilizer, and other inputs would all need to be considered.
 Aff cant solve – Castro won’t allow sugar-ethanol
Specht ‘12
(Jonathan – Legal Advisor, Pearlmaker Holsteins, Inc. B.A., Louisiana State University, 2009; J.D.,¶ Washington University in St. Louis 2012. “Raising Cane: Cuban Sugarcane Ethanol’s Economic and Environmental Effects on the United States” – ExpressO – http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/36/2/specht.pdf)

To speak of a Cuban sugarcane-based ethanol industry is, at this point
AND
to 2 billion gallons of¶ sugar-based ethanol per year.”¶ 4
Food scarcity won’t cause conflict
Falcon and Naylor ‘5
(Walter, Helen Farnsworth Prof. Int’l. Agricultural Policy and Co-Director of Center for Environmental Science and Policy @ Institute for Int’l. Studies @ Stanford, and Rosamond, Julie Wrigley Senior Fellow @ Center for Environmental Science and Policy @ Institute for International Studies and Director of Program on Food Security and the Environment @ Stanford, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, “Rethinking Food Security for the Twenty-First Century” 87:5, December, OneFile)

Three separate, but interrelated, questions seem relevant: (5)  1.
AND
-East suicide bombers have come from Saudi Arabia and Morocco (Pape).  

Multilat
Their i/l is based on us retrenching to appease China and Russia, the plan can’t solve stuff like middle east intervention
The aff can’t solve multilateralism- republicans love to bash china and Russia nothing about the plan fiats we change our relationship with those countries- they will assert the plan sends a signal, but that signal fails in implementation
Alt causes to effective multilat- Guantanamo, Kyoto, and human rights
Burgsdorff 9 (Sven Kühn von, Ph. D in Political Science from Freiburg University, EU Fellow at the University of Miami, "Problems and Opportunities for the Incoming Obama Administration," http://aei.pitt.edu.proxy.lib.umich.edu/11047/1/vonBurgsdorfUSvsCubalong09edi.pdf)
Ending ¶ the embargo would be perceived as a decision carrying a momentum of powerful
AND
would be interpreted by the international community as steps ¶ towards effective multilateralism.
Multilat fails- public backlash
Lake 10 (Professor of Social Sciences, distinguished professor of political science at UC San Diego, David A., "Making America Safe for the World: Multilateralism and the Rehabilitation of US authority",http://dss.ucsd.edu/~~dlake/documents/LakeMakingAmericaSafe.pdf)
At the same time, if any organization is to be an effective restraint on
AND
foreign policy may appear too high¶ a price to bear.¶ 4
War is unlikely
Global Times 11 11/15, “Sino-US war unlikely but not impossible,” http://www.globaltimes.cn/NEWS/tabid/99/ID/684012/Sino-US-war-unlikely-but-not-impossible.aspx, AJ
A recent report released by the RAND Corporation, a US think tank specializing in
AND
that diplomats will be able to work out the major issues without war. 

No Russia war
Lieber and Press 6 (Keir and Daryl, experts of nuc policy, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/61508/keir-a-lieber-and-daryl-g-press/the-rise-of-us-nuclear-primacy, dw: March/April 2006, lido)
Even as the United States' nuclear forces have grown stronger since the end of the
AND
, it appears unlikely that they would have the time to do so. 

Turn-
A) Unilateralism is what sustains primacy – other states bandwagon with the US for fear of other rising powers.  Moving towards multilateralism makes it unsustainable
Seldena, 13 – assistant professor of political science at the University of Florida (Zachary, “Balancing Against or Balancing With? The Spectrum of Alignment and the Endurance of American Hegemony” Security Studies Volume 22, Issue 2, 2013, Taylor and Francis)

Understanding which of these choices—soft balancing against the hegemon or alignment with the
AND
even if they do not receive a formal security guarantee for their efforts.
This may have implications for American foreign policy. There are distinct policy recommendations flowing
AND
behavior by other states and speeds hegemonic decline by draining financial resources. 6
Yet, this policy of restraint may be precisely what would cause second-tier
AND
an increased reluctance to use its power in support of its national interests.

B) US primacy prevents global conflict – diminishing power creates a vacuum that causes transition wars in multiple places
Brooks et al 13 Stephen G. Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College.G. John Ikenberry is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. He is also a Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University.William C. Wohlforth is the Daniel Webster Professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College. “Don't Come Home, America: The Case against Retrenchment”, Winter 2013, Vol. 37, No. 3, Pages 7-51,http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC_a_00107, GDI File
A core premise of deep engagement is that it prevents the emergence of a far
AND
case would generate intensely competitive behavior, possibly including regional great power war).
Squo solves – allies won’t abandon us and adversaries can’t exploit it
Walt 11 (Stephen, Professor of International Relations – Harvard University, “Does the U.S. still need to reassure its allies?” Foreign Policy, 12-5, http://walt.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/12/05/us_credibility_is_not_our_problem)
A perennial preoccupation of U.S. diplomacy has been the perceived need to
AND
about it, but in most cases little incentive to actually do it.

Tournament: Ohio Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Niles West GM | Judge: Shunta Jordan
Neolib Vs Generic Mexico Venezuela
US economic engagement is a vehicle for neoliberal exploitation – the plan becomes a tool for military intervention and US security interests while strengthening its economic grip over Latin America
Jacobs 4 (Jamie Elizabeth, Assistant Prof of Polisci at West Virginia U, "Neoliberalism and Neopanamericanism: The View from Latin America,"  Latin American Politics and Society 46.4 (2004) 149-152, MUSE)
The advance of neoliberalism suffers no shortage of critics, both from its supporters who
AND
further weakening of state sovereignty in the South. End Page 150
Neoliberalism causes extinction- environmental collapse, war,  and exploitation
Darder 10 (Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED
It is fitting to begin my words about Richard Kahn’s Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy,
AND
the well-being of all species with whom we walk the earth. 

The role of the ballot is to reject neoliberal knowledge hegemony in favor of critical pedagogy as a starting point for a more compassionate form of politics
Giroux 13 (Henry A, professor at McMaster University, activist, writes for truthout, has been on Bill Moyer’s talk show, “Beyond Savage Politics and Dystopian Nightmares,” Truth Out, a progressive independent news organization, 25 September 2013)
The state of collective unconsciousness that haunts America has its deepest roots not only in
AND
continue unabated and the winds of authoritarianism will gain in speed and destructiveness.

Iran Sanctions Bad 1NC
Obama using PC now to prevent additional sanctions and XO doesn’t solve
Gelb 12/4 Leslie H. Gelb, The Daily Beast, “Obama Wins Round One on Iran” http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/12/04/obama-wins-round-one-on-iran.html
President Obama has quieted the mob of critics on the interim pact with Iran,
AND
, they must press their advantages and take the field aggressively. Now.¶ 

Sanctions kill the deal
Beinart, 12/2/13 (Peter, “No, More Sanctions Won’t Help With Iran,” http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/12/02/no-more-sanctions-won-t-help-with-iran.html, bgm)

Today, America should make a similar investment in Hassan Rouhani, not because Rouhani
AND
time they come along, who knows how many centrifuges Iran will have?
Link
Economic engagement with Mexico is politically divisive
Wilson 13 – Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International. Center for Scholars (Christopher E., January, “A U.S.-Mexico Economic Alliance: Policy Options for a Competitive Region,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf)
At a time when Mexico is poised to experience robust economic growth, a manufacturing
AND
action to support regional exporters more politically divisive than it ought to be. 

Negotiations failure triggers military strikes and regional proliferation-causes escalatory wars, oil shocks and collapses the economy.
Cordesman13
(Anthony, holds the Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and is a national security analyst on a number of global conflicts, “Negotiating with Iran: The Strategic Case for Pragmatism and Real Progress,” http://csis.org/publication/negotiating-iran-strategic-case-pragmatism-and-real-progress, 9/23/13)

Nevertheless, it makes no sense at all to reject Hassan Rouhani’s opening or condemn
AND
end result is a major interruption in the flow of Gulf petroleum exports.
Cp 1nc
The United States federal government should lift the cap on its non-investor employment-based permanent visas for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics applicants.
Solves econ and competitiveness
Stuart Anderson, former staff director of the Senate Immigration Subcommittee, is executive director of the National Foundation for American Policy, 12-2008, “Creating Staying Power for U.S.-Educated Internationals,” International Educator, https://www.aplu.org/NetCommunity/Document.Doc?id=1285
A recent report from the National Science Foundation provides confirmation: The rate of growth
AND
continue to compete and expand in a global skills-biased economy.”7
The CP has critical bipartisan support – prefer our evidence, it assumes changed republican motivations
Stewart J. Lawrence, immigration policy specialist, 1-14-2011, “Is a Deal on Immigration Possible Before 2012?,” http://www.counterpunch.org/lawrence01142011.html
A second option is to punt on legalization and expanded enforcement altogether and to focus
AND
current electoral math, that's probably the best the Democrats can hope for.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 1 | Opponent: Chattahoochie DM | Judge: idk
Neolib 1NC vs Embargo Affs
Trade liberalization with Cuba “kicks away the ladder” to prevent successful Cuban development – their claims about free trade are historical myths that ignore the success of protectionism in promoting growth and quality of life
Fanelli 8
(Carlo, SSHRC Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Department of Politics and Public Administration, Ryerson University, He received his PhD from the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Carleton University, “‘Cubanalismo’: The Cuban Alternative to Neoliberalism”, New Proposals: Journal of Marxism and Interdisciplinary Inquiry Vol.2, No. 1 (November 2008) pgs. 7-16)

A closer look at the history of capitalism, however, reveals a much different
AND
productivity levels, efficiency, and quality had been more or less achieved.
Neoliberal intervention in Latin America fuels environmental devastation and structural inequality- ethical obligation to those sacrificed by the Washington Consensus

NEF AND HARRIS ‘8 (Jorge, Director of Latin American and Caribbean Studies @ South Florida, Richard, Global Studies @ CSU Monterey Bay “Capital, Power, and Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean,” in Capital, Power, and Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean eds. Harris and Nef p. 14-16)

These macroeconomic policies have been carried out under the mantle of the so-called
AND
variability of the indigenous and peasant communities affected by these patterns of production.
Vote neg to reject the 1AC’s neoliberal model in favor of the Cuban alternative to neoliberalism which fosters social and environmental justice
Fanelli 8
(Carlo, SSHRC Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Department of Politics and Public Administration, Ryerson University, He received his PhD from the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Carleton University, “‘Cubanalismo’: The Cuban Alternative to Neoliberalism”, New Proposals: Journal of Marxism and Interdisciplinary Inquiry
Vol.2, No. 1 (November 2008) pgs. 7-16)

As this paper has attempted to integrate throughout this discussion, alternatives to neoliberalism do
AND
alternative modes of socioeconomic and environmental polices can and do continue to exist.

Syria Strikes 1NC
Congress likely to pass airstrike and PC key
Kamen 9/4 Al Kamen, an award-winning columnist on the national staff of The Washington Post, created the “In the Loop” column in 1993. He began his reporting career at the Rocky Mountain News and joined The Post in 1980. He has covered local and federal courts, the Supreme Court and the State Department. Follow him on Twitter, WP.Senate may grant Obama’s wish on Syria; House is tougher, but president has key allies
http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/senate-may-grant-obamas-wish-on-syria-house-is-tougher-but-president-has-key-allies/2013/09/04/1769d272-1590-11e3-a2ec-b47e45e6f8ef_story.html
There’s been much talk that President Obama will have a tough time getting Congress to
AND
looking at making suitcase nukes that he could share with his terrorist pals.
Hostage taking link – Backlash and hostage taking on unrelated priority legislation is empirically proven, and likely in the future  – Pro Cuba policy saps pc
LeoGrande, 12
William M. LeoGrande School of Public Affairs American University, Professor of Government and a specialist in Latin American politics and U.S. foreign policy toward Latin America, Professor LeoGrande has been a frequent adviser to government and private sector agencies, 12/18/12, http://www.american.edu/clals/upload/LeoGrande-Fresh-Start.pdf

The Second Obama Administration Where in the executive branch will control over Cuba policy lie
AND
rarely happen unless the urgency of the problem forces policymakers to take action.

We are at the lynch point: striking Syria is critical to maintaining US Heg and the international order and limited strike won’t escalate
Ignatius 8/28 David R. Ignatius is currently Senior Fellow to the Future of Diplomacy Program at Harvard and  is an associate editor and columnist for The Washington Post. He has written eight novels. WP:” In Syria, U.S. credibility is at stake “ http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-08-28/opinions/41525790_1_chemical-weapons-syria-credibility
What does the world look like when people begin to doubt the credibility of U
AND
twice about crossing Obama’s “red line” against their acquiring nuclear weapons.
Hegemony prevents nuclear war- science and scholarship prove
Brooks, Ikenberry, and Wohlforth 13
Stephen G. Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College.G. John Ikenberry is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. He is also a Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University.William C. Wohlforth is the Daniel Webster Professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College. “Don't Come Home, America: The Case against Retrenchment”, Winter 2013, Vol. 37, No. 3, Pages 7-51, http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC_a_00107

A core premise of deep engagement is that it prevents the emergence of a far
AND
that of potential rivals is by many measures growing rather than shrinking. 85 

T Must be qpq

1. Interpretation: “Engagement” requires the provision of positive incentives
   Haass 00 – Richard Haass and Meghan O’Sullivan, Brookings Institution Foreign Policy Studies Program, Honey and Vinegar: Incentives, Sanctions, and Foreign Policy, p. 1-2

The term engagement was popularized amid the controversial policy of constructive engagement pursued by the
AND
shape the behavior of countries with which the United States has important disagreements.
That means the plan must be a quid-pro-quo
De LaHunt 6 - Assistant Director for Environmental Health and Safety Services in Colorado College's Facilities Services department (John, “Perverse and unintended” Journal of Chemical Health and Safety, July-August, Science direct)

Incentives work on a quid pro quo basis – this for that. If you
AND
run, for at least two reasons – unintended consequences and perverse incentives.
2. Violation- Plan isn’t conditional
3. Reasons to prefer
a. Limits --- it functionally narrows the topic because few cases can defend conditioning --- the alternative is hundreds of single import or export cases that explode research burden which saps clash and topic specific education.
b. Ground --- QPQ ensures generics like soft power and foreign politics DAs, counterplans to add or remove a condition, and critiques of diplomacy- spurs critical thinking and topic education.
4. Topicality is a voter- if it were not the aff could run the same case year after year or unbeatable truths like 2 plus 2 is 4
Zero risk of terrorism- their impact is alarmism
Mueller ’12 (John, Senior Research Scientist at the Mershon Center for International Security
AND
, No. 1, pp. 81–110, Summer 2012)

Over the course of time, such essentially delusionary thinking has been internalized and institutionalized
AND
reasonably be considered “massive,” particularly in comparison with nuclear ones. 52 

Leadership
Iran and Sequestration tank US credibility abroad
Jeff Lightfoot Jeff Lightfoot is a deputy director of the Brent Scowcroft Center on International Security March 04, 2013¶ Sequestration's Credibility Costs¶ http://www.acus.org/new_atlanticist/sequestrations-credibility-costs

The debate over sequestration is focused nearly entirely on the impact of spending reductions on
AND
a key ally and increases the risk of an Israeli strike on Iran.

1. Credibility being essential to effectively dealing with other nations is a myth- the US is the dominant actor and shouldn’t fixate on boosting its credibility. Focusing on credibility stunts effective foreign policy
   Stephen M. Walt Professor of International Relations at Harvard¶ Tuesday, September 11, 2012¶ Why are U.S. leaders so obsessed with credibility?¶ http://walt.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/09/11/the_credibility_fetish

What's the biggest mistake the United States has made since the end of the Cold
AND
American diplomacy has achieved relatively little since the end of the Cold War.
Soft Power is unsustainable because of economics
Bremmer 09
Ian, Febuary 9th, is an American political scientist specializing on US foreign policy, states in transition, and global political risk. He is president of Eurasia Group, the global political risk consultancy. He is of Armenian and German descent.1

The erosion of the U.S. soft power advantage has already begun.
AND
unpopularity in much of the world has merely added momentum to these trends.

Relations
US – Latin American Relations resilient – immigration proves
Duddy and Mora 5/1/13 (Patrick and Frank O., “Latin America: Is U.S. influence waning?”, Miami Herald, http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/05/01/3375160/latin-america-is-us-influence.html) ew

Finally, one should not underestimate the resiliency of U.S. soft power in the region. The power of national reputation, popular culture, values and institutions continues to contribute to U.S. influence in ways that are difficult to measure and impossible to quantify. Example: Despite 14 years of strident anti-American rhetoric during the Chávez government, tens of thousand of Venezuelans apply for U.S. nonimmigrant visas every year, including many thousands of Chávez loyalists.

No US-Latin American cooperation
Llana 11 (Sarah Miller Llana is the Christian Science Monitor's European Bureau Chief, “A year of drift in US-Latin American relations,” The Christian Science Monitor, 12/23/11, http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Americas/Latin-America-Monitor/2011/1223/A-year-of-drift-in-US-Latin-American-relations/(page)/2)

Still, on balance, the US is no closer to Latin America than it’s
AND
that Latin America is pursuing its own agenda,” says Mr. Shifter.
2. Multiple alt causes to US relations with Cuba and Latin America
LARRY BIRNS COHA-Council of Hemispheric Affairs- DIRECTORAND FREDERICK B. MILLSCOHA SENIOR RESEARCH FELLOW ¶ Best Time for U.S.– Cuba Rapprochement Is Now¶ –JANUARY 30, 2013¶ http://www.coha.org/best-time-for-u-s-cuba-rapprochement-is-now/ 

The Obama Administration should be prepared to take, in quick progression, three important
AND
no limits. Nevertheless, it is time to replace belligerency with détente.

3. US/ Latin American relations are always in a state of flux
LIZA TORRES ALVARADOserves as Second Secretary of the Embassy of Venezuela to the OAS GUEST CONTRIBUTOR | 13 MAY 2013¶ The U.S. Must Re-evaluate its Foreign Policy in Latin America¶ http://www.diplomaticourier.com/news/regions/latin-america/1457

Historically, relations between Latin America and the United States have been complex, yet constantly evolving. During the 1960s, political changes and social movements challenged the structural basis of United States’ hegemony in the hemisphere. The election of Salvador Allende in Chile, the arrival of Peronism in Argentina, and the development of relations between nationalist governments of the time such as Peru, Bolivia, and Mexico became an obstacle for the United States.

Ethanol
(  ) Can’t re-build sugar sector – unworkable land and long-time frame.

Soligo ‘10
et al; Ronald Soligo is a professor emeritus of economics at Rice University and a Rice scholar at the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy. The author writes a chapter within the book “Cuba’s Energy Future: Strategic Approaches to Cooperation,” a Brookings Publication, edited by Jonathan Benjamin-Alvarado, PhD of Political Science, University of Nebraska –obtained as an ebook through MSU Electronic Resources – page 102

Three and a half billion gallons seems unrealistic for the foreseeable future. There is
AND
water and fertilizer, and other inputs would all need to be considered.

(  ) Aff cant solve – Castro won’t allow sugar-ethanol

Specht ‘12
(Jonathan – Legal Advisor, Pearlmaker Holsteins, Inc. B.A., Louisiana State University, 2009; J.D.,¶ Washington University in St. Louis 2012. “Raising Cane: Cuban Sugarcane Ethanol’s Economic and Environmental Effects on the United States” – ExpressO – http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/36/2/specht.pdf)

To speak of a Cuban sugarcane-based ethanol industry is, at this point
AND
to 2 billion gallons of¶ sugar-based ethanol per year.”¶ 4

A – Plan kills it and the domestic ethanol sector.

Specht ‘12
(Jonathan – Legal Advisor, Pearlmaker Holsteins, Inc. B.A., Louisiana State University, 2009; J.D.,¶ Washington University in St. Louis 2012. “Raising Cane: Cuban Sugarcane Ethanol’s Economic and Environmental Effects on the United States” – ExpressO – http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/36/2/specht.pdf)

Absent a scenario in which the RFS was raised at the same time as U
AND
espoused, especially¶ after the policy-makers had supported the industry. 

Corn prices do not move in line with ethanol demand
Kelly and Hornblower 13 (Kel, Growmark Manager of Economic Research, Scott, Associate Analyst of Growmark, 01/04/13, 4 Reasons Why Ethanol Doesn’t Drive Corn Prices- A Tale of Two Forces, http://www.growmark.com/sites/Files/Documents/4ReasonsWhyEthanolDoesntDriveCornPrices.pdf) KL

The ethanol industry has actually been buying corn since the early 1980s. But as
AND
are other influences on corn prices that are stronger than ethanol demand alone.

(  ) Food scarcity won’t cause conflict

Falcon and Naylor ‘5
(Walter, Helen Farnsworth Prof. Int’l. Agricultural Policy and Co-Director of Center for Environmental Science and Policy @ Institute for Int’l. Studies @ Stanford, and Rosamond, Julie Wrigley Senior Fellow @ Center for Environmental Science and Policy @ Institute for International Studies and Director of Program on Food Security and the Environment @ Stanford, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, “Rethinking Food Security for the Twenty-First Century” 87:5, December, OneFile)

Three separate, but interrelated, questions seem relevant: (5)  1.
AND
-East suicide bombers have come from Saudi Arabia and Morocco (Pape).  

Even if consensus of experts believe warming is real, nearly all agree no exinction
HSU 10
Jeremy, Live Science Staff, July 19, pg. http://www.livescience.com/culture/can-humans-survive-extinction-doomsday-100719.html
His views deviate sharply from those of most experts, who don't view climate change
AND
change crop yields, so we're essentially doing an experiment whose result remains uncertain
2. No interest in harvesting sugar cane—production is at an all time low and the embargo isn’t the cause
Global Post 6/24 (Global Post: America’s world news site, Agencia EFE, “Cubans getting farmland from gov't show little interest in growing sugar cane” Jun 24 2013 http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/agencia-efe/130624/cubans-getting-farmland-govt-show-little-interest-growing-sugar-can)

Havana, Jun 24 (EFE).- Growing sugar cane is arousing little interest among the Cubans who are taking advantage of the plan to turn over unused agricultural land to them for cultivation, official media reported Monday.
Of the total area turned over to private individuals to farm up through November 2012
AND
of just 1.1 million tons, the worst in 105 years.

Deforestation makes biodiversity loss inevitable
Cardillo, 06 (Marcel, Division of Biology, Imperial College London, 2006, “Disappearing forests and biodiversity loss: which areas should we protect?,” International Forestry Review Volume 8, Issue 2, http://www.tempoandmode.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/int-forestry-review-june-2006-cardillo.pdf, Hensel)
The destruction of forests and other habitats is the single most important cause of biodiversity
AND
 under different modelled scenarios of forest loss to 2020 (Grelle 2005). 

National Security
Not attractive to nukes
Mueller ’11 (John, IR Professor at Ohio State, PhD in pol sci from UCLA, The Truth about Al Qaeda, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/68012/john-mueller/the-truth-about-al-qaeda?page=show, August 2, 2011)

As a misguided Turkish proverb holds, "If your enemy be an ant,
AND
3.5 million per year, even with 9/11 included.
No capabilities – Al Qaeda dead
Basit ’11 (Abdul Basit, Writer for Islamabad Pulse, “A threat assessment of Al-Qaeda’s strength and weaknesses-IV.”, http://www.weeklypulse.org/details.aspx?contentID=1641andstorylist=2, December 23, 2011)

A threat assessment of Al-Qaeda’s current status looking into its capabilities, intentions
AND
grew out of a conflict in Algeria between the government and Islamist militants.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 5 | Opponent: Polytechnic | Judge: idk
T

1. Interpretation: “Engagement” requires the provision of positive incentives
   Haass 00 – Richard Haass and Meghan O’Sullivan, Brookings Institution Foreign Policy Studies Program, Honey and Vinegar: Incentives, Sanctions, and Foreign Policy, p. 1-2

The term engagement was popularized amid the controversial policy of constructive engagement pursued by the
AND
shape the behavior of countries with which the United States has important disagreements.
That means the plan must be a quid-pro-quo
De LaHunt 6 - Assistant Director for Environmental Health and Safety Services in Colorado College's Facilities Services department (John, “Perverse and unintended” Journal of Chemical Health and Safety, July-August, Science direct)

Incentives work on a quid pro quo basis – this for that. If you
AND
run, for at least two reasons – unintended consequences and perverse incentives.

1. Violation- Plan isn’t conditional
   2. Reasons to prefer
   a. Limits --- it functionally narrows the topic because few cases can defend conditioning --- the alternative is hundreds of single import or export cases that explode research burden which saps clash and topic specific education.
   b. Ground --- QPQ ensures generics like soft power and foreign politics DAs, counterplans to add or remove a condition, and critiques of diplomacy- spurs critical thinking and topic education.
   3. Topicality is a voter- if it were not the aff could run the same case year after year or unbeatable truths like 2 plus 2 is 4

Neolib
US economic engagement is a vehicle for neoliberal exploitation – the plan becomes a tool for military intervention and US security interests while strengthening its economic grip over Latin America – when they open the border they open it to trade and forward the goal of regional intergration
Jacobs 4 (Jamie Elizabeth, Assistant Prof of Polisci at West Virginia U, "Neoliberalism and Neopanamericanism: The View from Latin America,"  Latin American Politics and Society 46.4 (2004) 149-152, MUSE)
The advance of neoliberalism suffers no shortage of critics, both from its supporters who
AND
further weakening of state sovereignty in the South. End Page 150
Using the border as a metaphor increases the invisibility of the borderlands reality in northern Mexico.  This metaphor only increases negative conotations of the borderlands.
Vaquera-Vásquez 98 (Santiago Vaquera-Vasquez, Professor of US Latino/a cultures and Creative Writing in Spanish at the University of Iowa, “(De)Constructing the US-Mexican Border”, 1998  http://webpub.allegheny.edu/group/LAS/LatinAmIssues/Articles/Vol14/LAI_vol_14_section_VI.html )
While the vision of the border as a metaphor for a hybrid, communal zone
AND
then, is the in-depth study of northern Mexican border perspective.

Neoliberal intervention in Latin America fuels environmental devastation and structural inequality- ethical obligation to those sacrificed by the Washington Consensus

NEF AND HARRIS ‘8 (Jorge, Director of Latin American and Caribbean Studies @ South Florida, Richard, Global Studies @ CSU Monterey Bay “Capital, Power, and Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean,” in Capital, Power, and Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean eds. Harris and Nef p. 14-16)

These macroeconomic policies have been carried out under the mantle of the so-called
AND
variability of the indigenous and peasant communities affected by these patterns of production.
We should imagine post-neoliberal strategies as a starting-point for movements toward alternative modes of governance  
Kaltwasser 11 (Cristóbal Rovira, Foundation postdoctoral research fellow at the Social Science Research Center Berlin, "Toward Post-Neoliberalism in Latin America?,"  Latin American Research Review Volume 46, Number 2, 2011, MUSE)
Although not all six books reviewed here use the term post-neoliberalism, they
AND
develop and implement a new political agenda from the challenges it has faced. 

Guerrilla Politics
A.  Every single major crisis we face – ecocide, poverty, violence, militarism, waste – has been systematically selected towards by a self-maximizing choice model.  This dogma has even spilled over into academic contest.  If postmodernism is right, only by breaking with the model of a “win” for the aff can we truly escape the authority of reason.  True liberation rests alongside schizophrenic madness.

McMurtry 09.  (John, Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at U of Guelph, “Rationality and Scientific Method: Paradigm Shift in an Age of Collapse”, Interchange, Vol. 40, No. 1, SpringerLink, pg. 70-72, http://www.springerlink.com/content/f846682890510768/fulltext.pdf)
The potentially fatal global crisis we face is that humanity’s many-faced global industrial
AND
life means and conditions in accordance with a meta-program none challenges.

Our alternative –  VOTE NEG TO VOTE AFF.  To fight the system from within, critical arguments must deploy deception.  It’s the only way to operate within a territory controlled by the more powerful.  Casting a negative ballot when you vote for their project can you shield the subversive nature of the aff

Mann 99.  (Paul, professor of English @ Pomona and author of The Theory-Death of the Avant-Garde, Masocriticism, pg. 122)

?
Otherization
Multiple Disads
First is our Backlash DA
Opening the border fails—causes backlash
Johnson 2007(Dean and Mabie-Apallas, Professor of Public Interest Law and Chicana/o Studies, “Opening the Floodgates”, New York University Publication)

Impediments to a regional arrangement do, of course, exist. The political¶
AND
future and even greater fears¶ about the national identity than currently exist.
Open Multiculturalism threatens Americans both economically and culturally – insecurity results in the formation of hate groups
Beirich and Potok 9
(Heidi and Mark, Director of Research and Intelligence project, Southern Poverty Law Center, Southern Poverty Law Center, “USA: Hate Groups, Radical-Right Violence, on the Rise” Policing, http://policing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/pap020v1)

A remarkable thing occurred while America's Patriot movement rose and fell. Even as this
AND
an angry reaction among many who feel that they are losing their identity.

Openly Endorsing multiculturalism and assimilation of local cultures will result in white backlash and racial violence
Beirich and Potok 9
(Heidi and Mark, Director of Research and Intelligence project, Southern Poverty Law Center, Southern Poverty Law Center, “USA: Hate Groups, Radical-Right Violence, on the Rise” Policing, http://policing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/pap020v1)

None of the factors discussed here are likely to wane in the coming years.
AND
—a nation that is based on race, a community of blood. 

Separation of ethnic groups reduces conflict
Downes, 06 (Alexander. Professor of political science and international affairs at the George Washington University.  "More Borders, Less Conflict? Partition as a Solution to Ethnic Civil Wars." The SAIS Review of International Affairs 26.1 (2006): 49-61. ProQuest. Web. 8 July 2013. JMR)

In this article, I argue that partition-defined as separation of contending ethnic
AND
based on a single-state solution, partition is the preferred solution.
In the remainder of this paper, I will elaborate further on this argument and
AND
argue that like it or not, partition is probably in Iraq's future.
Second is our War DA
Third party intervention and negotiated settlements won’t solve—borders are necessary
Downes, 06 (Alexander. Professor of political science and international affairs at the George Washington University.  "More Borders, Less Conflict? Partition as a Solution to Ethnic Civil Wars." The SAIS Review of International Affairs 26.1 (2006): 49-61. ProQuest. Web. 8 July 2013. JMR)

Scholars have offered two solutions to the dilemmas and dangers of negotiated settlements. First
AND
risk of failure because they go against the preferences of the groups involved.
Borders can only lead to peace—they take away incentive for war
Downes, 06 (Alexander. Professor of political science and international affairs at the George Washington University.  "More Borders, Less Conflict? Partition as a Solution to Ethnic Civil Wars." The SAIS Review of International Affairs 26.1 (2006): 49-61. ProQuest. Web. 8 July 2013. JMR)

The poor record of negotiated settlements in ethnic civil wars that leave borders intact,
AND
by following natural terrain features or by building demilitarized zones or other barriers.
Third is our Marginalization  
Lack of borders results in the marginalization of minority groups—Iraq proves
Downes, 06 (Alexander. Professor of political science and international affairs at the George Washington University.  "More Borders, Less Conflict? Partition as a Solution to Ethnic Civil Wars." The SAIS Review of International Affairs 26.1 (2006): 49-61. ProQuest. Web. 8 July 2013. JMR)

Despite international attempts to encourage power-sharing and federalism as a means to preserve
AND
take that long for a similar realization to dawn on them in Iraq.

Framing
This debate is about who does what’s best for latin American citizens
The role of the ballot is to do what is best for Latin American citizens
Kelly 8 (Lara, “Neoliberalism in Latin America,” http://citizenspress.org/editorials/neoliberalism-in-latin-america)
Neoliberalism is the deregulation and expansion of the market economy, it includes eliminating barriers
AND
and self-determination must come before the property rights of greedy corporations.

State good: The political sphere is dominated by corporate imperialist interests – the only effective strategy is to break away from policy reformism and retake the public sphere through intellectual rejection of imperialism.

Boggs, 2009
(Carl, expert on ceding the political according to most 2ACs, “A Way Forward?,” August 21, Online: http://www.zcommunications.org/a-way-forward-by-carl-boggs)

I'm delighted and flattered to be part of the exchanges about efficacious ways to move
AND
if there is every reason in the world to be hopeful and optimistic.

Tournament: Samford | Round: 4 | Opponent: Woodward JS | Judge: Neil Normand
CP
Text: The United States federal government should enact comprehensive immigration reform legislation.

Cp solves relations and competitiveness- can’t find this card
(Obama Good Unemployment Politics
Unemployment will pass
Hunter and Pryzbyla 1/7 (Kathleen and Heidi, writer for Bloomberg News “Jobless Benefits Bill Stays Alive Amid Talks on Offsets,” Bloomberg News, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-01-07/senate-plans-procedural-vote-on-extended-jobless-benefits.html)

The fate of Democrats’ effort to revive long-term unemployment benefits that expired Dec
AND
of New Hampshire, Lisa Murkowski of Alaska and Rob Portman of Ohio.

Plan drains pc
Wilson 13 – Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International. Center for Scholars (Christopher E., January, “A U.S.-Mexico Economic Alliance: Policy Options for a Competitive Region,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf)
At a time when Mexico is poised to experience robust economic growth, a manufacturing
AND
action to support regional exporters more politically divisive than it ought to be. 

Pc is key and solves econ
AP 12/28 (“1.3 million are losing unemployment benefits Saturday morning,” http://www.columbiatribune.com/news/million-are-losing-unemployment-benefits-saturday-morning/article_9d1b52ec-6f81-11e3-9033-10604b9f6eda.html?comments=focus)

WASHINGTON — More than 1 million Americans are bracing for a harrowing, post-
AND
children. The cost of them since 2008 has totaled $225 billion.
Nuclear war
Harris and Burrows 9
(Mathew, PhD European History at Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer, member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf, AM)

Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is
AND
within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.
Neolib K
The 1ac call for competitiveness is the neoliberal insatiability for financial gain that is used to justify the neo-slavery of Mexican maquiladora worker and environmental destruction of the border region
Westfall 9 (Michael, social activist, former auto worker, “Maquiladora Slavery,” Cornell University ILR School, Kheel Center for Labor Management Document and Archives, Accessed via Google Scholar, http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007andcontext=westfallandsei-redir=1andreferer=http3A2F2Fscholar.google.com2Fscholar3Fq3Dmaquilladora2Bexploit26btnG3D26hl3Den26as_sdt3D1252C43#search=22maquilladora20exploit22)
While African slavery is illegal in the United States today, American slavery does however
AND
death to all of the workers of the world.End Page 3

This ruthless drive for capital accumulation makes extinction, ecological holocaust, social inequality, agricultural collapse, authoritarianism, militarization, and war inevitable
Robinson 8 (William I, scholar activist, professor of sociology @ UC Santa Barbara, affiliated with the Latin American and Iberian Studies Program and Global and International Studies Program @ UCSB, his research focuses on macro and comparative sociology, globalization, transnationalism, political economy, development, Latin America, “Latin America and Global Capitalism: A Critical Globalization Perspective,” Preface XII-XIII, John Hopkins University Press, Accessed via Ebscohost through Vanderbilt Databases)
Returning to the dual themes of crisis and critical globalization studies, there can be
AND
political economists concur that a global economic collapse is possible, even probable.
The judge is an intellectual. The alternative is to reject the neoliberal epistemology of the 1ac in favor of an epistemology that privileges the majority of the global south.
Robinson 8 (William I, scholar activist, professor of sociology @ UC Santa Barbara, affiliated with the Latin American and Iberian Studies Program and Global and International Studies Program @ UCSB, his research focuses on macro and comparative sociology, globalization, transnationalism, political economy, development, Latin America, “Latin America and Global Capitalism: A Critical Globalization Perspective,” Preface XIII, John Hopkins University Press, Accessed via Ebscohost through Vanderbilt Databases)

In times such as these intellectuals are called upon to engage in a critical analytical
AND
of bringing together multiple publics in developing programs that integrate theory and practice.

Must be qpq 1NC

1. Interpretation: “Engagement” requires the provision of positive incentives
   Haass 00 – Richard Haass and Meghan O’Sullivan, Brookings Institution Foreign Policy Studies Program, Honey and Vinegar: Incentives, Sanctions, and Foreign Policy, p. 1-2

The term engagement was popularized amid the controversial policy of constructive engagement pursued by the
AND
shape the behavior of countries with which the United States has important disagreements.
That means the plan must be a quid-pro-quo
De LaHunt 6 - Assistant Director for Environmental Health and Safety Services in Colorado College's Facilities Services department (John, “Perverse and unintended” Journal of Chemical Health and Safety, July-August, Science direct)

Incentives work on a quid pro quo basis – this for that. If you
AND
run, for at least two reasons – unintended consequences and perverse incentives.
2. Violation- Plan isn’t conditional
3. Reasons to prefer
a. Limits -~-- it functionally narrows the topic because few cases can defend conditioning -~-- the alternative is hundreds of single import or export cases that explode research burden which saps clash and topic specific education.
b. Ground -~-- QPQ ensures generics like soft power and foreign politics DAs, counterplans to add or remove a condition, and critiques of diplomacy- spurs critical thinking and topic education.
4. Topicality is a voter- if it were not the aff could run the same case year after year or unbeatable truths like 2 plus 2 is 4
Prolif minik
Proliferation securization perpetuates a colonialist discourse that justifies US military imperialism
Gusterson, 99, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999, (Hugh, Nuclear Weapons and the Other in the Western Imagination, Cultural Anthropology 14(1):111-143. American Anthropological Association.
According to the literature on risk in anthropology, shared fears often reveal as much
AND
(4) it legitimates the nuclear monopoly of the recognized nuclear powers.

Heg bad is the same as from when we debated woodward at OValley

Tournament: Samford | Round: 6 | Opponent: Chattahoochee DM | Judge: Robbie Quinn
Neolib K
Trade liberalization with Cuba “kicks away the ladder” to prevent successful Cuban development – their claims about free trade are historical myths that ignore the success of protectionism in promoting growth and quality of life
Fanelli 8
(Carlo, SSHRC Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Department of Politics and Public Administration, Ryerson University, He received his PhD from the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Carleton University, “‘Cubanalismo’: The Cuban Alternative to Neoliberalism”, New Proposals: Journal of Marxism and Interdisciplinary Inquiry Vol.2, No. 1 (November 2008) pgs. 7-16)

A closer look at the history of capitalism, however, reveals a much different
AND
productivity levels, efficiency, and quality had been more or less achieved.
This ruthless drive for capital accumulation makes extinction, ecological holocaust, social inequality, agricultural collapse, authoritarianism, militarization, and war inevitable
Robinson 8 (William I, scholar activist, professor of sociology @ UC Santa Barbara, affiliated with the Latin American and Iberian Studies Program and Global and International Studies Program @ UCSB, his research focuses on macro and comparative sociology, globalization, transnationalism, political economy, development, Latin America, “Latin America and Global Capitalism: A Critical Globalization Perspective,” Preface XII-XIII, John Hopkins University Press, Accessed via Ebscohost through Vanderbilt Databases)
Returning to the dual themes of crisis and critical globalization studies, there can be
AND
political economists concur that a global economic collapse is possible, even probable.
The judge is an intellectual. The alternative is to reject the neoliberal epistemology of the 1ac in favor of an epistemology that privileges the majority of the global south.
Robinson 8 (William I, scholar activist, professor of sociology @ UC Santa Barbara, affiliated with the Latin American and Iberian Studies Program and Global and International Studies Program @ UCSB, his research focuses on macro and comparative sociology, globalization, transnationalism, political economy, development, Latin America, “Latin America and Global Capitalism: A Critical Globalization Perspective,” Preface XIII, John Hopkins University Press, Accessed via Ebscohost through Vanderbilt Databases)

In times such as these intellectuals are called upon to engage in a critical analytical
AND
of bringing together multiple publics in developing programs that integrate theory and practice.

Politics
Unemployment benefits will pass- bipartisanship, recent preliminary vote prove
Hunter and Pryzbyla 1/7 (Kathleen and Heidi, writer for Bloomberg News “Jobless Benefits Bill Stays Alive Amid Talks on Offsets,” Bloomberg News, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-01-07/senate-plans-procedural-vote-on-extended-jobless-benefits.html)

The fate of Democrats’ effort to revive long-term unemployment benefits that expired Dec
AND
of New Hampshire, Lisa Murkowski of Alaska and Rob Portman of Ohio.

Plan unpopular
LeoGrande, 12
William M. LeoGrande School of Public Affairs American University, Professor of Government and a specialist in Latin American politics and U.S. foreign policy toward Latin America, Professor LeoGrande has been a frequent adviser to government and private sector agencies, 12/18/12, http://www.american.edu/clals/upload/LeoGrande-Fresh-Start.pdf

The Second Obama Administration Where in the executive branch will control over Cuba policy lie
AND
rarely happen unless the urgency of the problem forces policymakers to take action.

Obama’s political capital is key and unemployment prevents economic collapse
AP 12/28 (“1.3 million are losing unemployment benefits Saturday morning,” http://www.columbiatribune.com/news/million-are-losing-unemployment-benefits-saturday-morning/article_9d1b52ec-6f81-11e3-9033-10604b9f6eda.html?comments=focus)

WASHINGTON — More than 1 million Americans are bracing for a harrowing, post-
AND
children. The cost of them since 2008 has totaled $225 billion.
Economic Decline causes Nuclear war
Harris and Burrows 9
(Mathew, PhD European History at Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer, member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf, AM)

Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is
AND
within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.

CP

Text: The United State federal government ought to issue a prior binding consultation with the Republic of Brazil over (whether or not the united states federal government should ease a substantial portion of its economic restrictions toward the republic of cuba) and ought to (the united states federal government should ease a substantial portion of its economic restrictions toward the republic of cuba) if and only if after consultation the Republic of Brazil approves.
Brazil would say yes to Cuban engagement
Radia 09 - ABC News' digital correspondent in Moscow (Kirit Radia, “Treading Carefully, U.S. Hints it wants to Engage with Cuba Venezuela”, ABC News, 3/13/2009, http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2009/03/treading-carefu/)//JS 

It’s a debate as old as the Monroe Doctrine: how should the United States
AND
for Latin America, a shift from heavy hands to hands-off.¶
Consulting with Brazil solves the drug trade
Charlene Barshefsky, ambassador and Chair of International Trade at the Investment and Market Access Practice Group, May 2008, “U.S.-Latin American Relations: A New Direction For a New Reality”, http://i.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/LatinAmerica_TF.pdf
Brazil is the fourth-largest democracy and the ninth-largest economy in the
AND
but will also make U.S. and Brazilian efforts more effective.

Drug cartels cause instability – spreads trough the region
Bonner 10 (Robert C., senior principal of the Sentinel HS Group, former administrator of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, “The New Cocaine Cowboys”, Foreign Affairs, July/August 2010, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/66472/robert-c-bonner/the-new-cocaine-cowboys)
The recent headlines from Mexico are disturbing: U.S. consular official gunned
AND
powerful transnational drug cartels that threaten the stability of Central and South America.

That causes extinction
Manwaring 5 – adjunct professor of international politics at Dickinson (Max G., Retired
AND
and their associated problems endanger global security, peace, and prosperity.65
ILaw mini K
Not sure where this is
Terror talk K
Their terrorism advantage is epistemologically suspect – legitimizes global violence
Raphael 9—IR, Kingston University (Sam, Critical terrorism studies, ed. Richard Jackson, 49-51) ellipses in orig.
Over the past thirty years, a small but politically-significant academic field of
AND
will then discuss the function that this research serves for the US state.

Tournament: chattahoochee | Round: 2 | Opponent: Johns Creek | Judge: Ricardo Saenz
The People’s Republic of China should insert plan text – The United States federal government

It solves – China is a better alternative than the US – solves the aff and avoids the disad.
Ellis 6. Evan, Associate with Booz Allen Hamilton, Inc., with an emphasis on Latin American security issues, PhD in Political Science, "The New Chinese Engagement with Latin America: Understanding its Dynamics and the Implications for the Region" Booz-Allen -- March 3 -- www6.miami.edu/hemispheric-policy/ellisthenewchineseengagementwithlatinamerica030306.pdf

Aside from the intangible political dimension, China also represents a real alternative ¶ market
AND
United States, such as the Free ¶ Trade Area of the Americas.
Counterplan key to shore up Chinese soft power.
Wiest 11. Nailene Chou, Professor of financial journalism at the School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, "Soft Power and China's Story in Latin America" Caixin Online -- September 11 -- english.caixin.com/2011-11-09/100324170.html

The Spanish expression "cuento chino," or "Chinese story" is a synonym
AND
succeed. Otherwise, the game will be lost even before it begins.

Chinese soft power key to its economy.
CSIS 9 (March 2009, Center Strategic and International Studies, “Chinese Soft Power and Its Implications for the United States,” http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/090305_mcgiffert_chinesesoftpower_web.pdf)

Aware of the benefits of a sophisticated soft-power portfolio, Chinese leaders are
AND
soft-power strategy in each of the four regions it is active.

Chinese economic collapse causes WWIII.
Plate 3 (June 30, 2003, Tom Plate - professor of Policy and Communication Studies, “WHY NOT INVADE CHINA?,” http://asiamedia.ucla.edu/TomPlate2003/06302003.htm)

But imagine a China disintegrating- on its own, without neo-conservative or
AND
. Then you can say hello to World War III, Asia style.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Cypress Bay GQ | Judge: Sam Shore
Iran Politics
Obama using PC successfully now to keep sanctions from passing against Iran which would destroy negotiations with Iran
11/22/ 2013, Fox News and AP “Bipartisan Senate group pledges to move forward with new Iran sanctions” http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/11/22/senators-pledge-to-move-forward-with-new-iran-sanctions/
A bipartisan group of senators said Thursday they would pass legislation to impose new sanctions
AND
and many other countries suspect it may be trying to develop atomic weapons.¶ 

idk where link is

Negotiations failure triggers military strikes and regional proliferation-causes escalatory wars, oil shocks and collapses the economy.
Cordesman13
(Anthony, holds the Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and is a national security analyst on a number of global conflicts, “Negotiating with Iran: The Strategic Case for Pragmatism and Real Progress,” http://csis.org/publication/negotiating-iran-strategic-case-pragmatism-and-real-progress, 9/23/13)

Nevertheless, it makes no sense at all to reject Hassan Rouhani’s opening or condemn
AND
end result is a major interruption in the flow of Gulf petroleum exports.

Topicality

Read the resnick card everyone reads

Neolib K

Same link and impact as normal but we have a different alternative

The alternative is to reject neoliberal epistemology in favor of embedded liberalism which fosters greater human and ecological protection within the confines of capitalism
Nayyar 10 (Deepak, Professor of Economics at Jawaharlal Nehru University, taught at the University of Oxford, the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, the New School for Social Research, Former  Vice Chancellor of the University of Delhi, ”Reinventing Globalization: Fair is Feasible,” World Economic and Social Survey, http://www.un.org/esa/analysis/wess/wess2010workshop/wess2010_nayyar.pdf)

The discourse on theory and policy in development has become narrower with the passage of
AND
or replace them with markets. Governments must be made to perform better.

Tournament: Samford | Round: 2 | Opponent: Hooche SS | Judge: Jordan Sternberg
see opensource