1AC - Border Infrastructure 1NC - Consult Natives Heg K 2NC - Case CP K 1NR - CP 2NR - Case CP
La Costa Canyon
4
Opponent: Nevada Union UN | Judge: Katrina Kaiser
1AC - Border Infrastructure 1NC - Case 2NC - T-Substantial Case 1NR - Case 2NR - T Case
La Costa Canyon
6
Opponent: Nevada Union CH | Judge: Ian Beier
1AC - Border Infrastructure 1NC - Dissolve Borders CP Fem K of Econ T-Talks Case Turns 2NC - K 1NR - Case 2NR - Case K 2AR - Perf Con
Long Beach
4
Opponent: St Vincent de Paul YM | Judge: Marvin Carter
1AC Mexico Infrastructure (Relations Framing) 1NC CP - Plan Minus Framing Environmental Dualism K Debt Ceiling DA Case - Biopower Orientalism 2NC K 1NR DA 2NR K
Long Beach
6
Opponent: James Logan ST | Judge: Kyle Eriksen
1AC Mexico Infrastructure (same as Round One) 1NC Open Skies CP China DA Kappeler K Case 2NC K 1NR K Case 2NR Case
Long Beach
1
Opponent: Dougherty Valley JK | Judge: Carly Pickins
1AC Mexico Infrastructure 1NC T-QPQ Nietzsche K Debt Ceiling DA Russia SOI DA Case-Fem IR Squo Solves Econ Turn 2NC Nietzsche Case T 1NR Russia Debt Ceiling 2NR Nietzsche
Meadows
3
Opponent: Heritage Hall CN | Judge: Roman Kezios
1AC Mexico Transportation Infrastructure 1NC Capitalism K Telecommunications CP CIR DA 2NC K 1NR K DA 2NR K
Meadows
5
Opponent: St Marks AS | Judge: Alyssa Lucas-Bolin
1AC Mexico Transportation Infrastructure 1NC T-Substantial T-Contacts Burke K Mexico CP CIR DA Case 2NC CIR CP 1NR CIR Case 2NR CIR China Adv
Meadows
2
Opponent: La Costa Canyon YG | Judge: Bates
1AC Mexico Transportation Infrastructure 1NC SSS CP China DA T-QPQ CIR DA Case 2NC China DA Case 1NR CIR 2NR China DA Case
Notre Dame
5
Opponent: Lowell CZ | Judge: Corey Turoff
1AC Mexico Transportation Infrastructure 1NC States CP CIR DA Neoliberalism K Heg Turn 2NC CP Heg Turn 1NR DA China (Case) 2NR Heg Turn
Notre Dame
1
Opponent: Carrolton Sacred Heart GR | Judge: Scott Phillips
1AC Mexico Transportation Infrastructure 1NC T-G2G Mexican Politics (Energy) CIR DA Apocalyptic Rhetoric K Case 2NC K 1NR Case 2NR K Service Sectors Solves Case
Notre Dame
3
Opponent: Harker JM | Judge: Jack Gugino
1AC Mexico Transportation Infrastructure 1NC T-Trade Canada CP CIR DA Neoliberalism K Case 2NC CP Case 1NR CIR 2NR CIR Case
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Cites
Entry
Date
1AC - Border Infrastructure - BioD
Tournament: La Costa Canyon | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Alpine HW | Judge: Dan Perdomo, Chris Thiele, Nate Wong Now is a unique time to foster relations Seelke 13 - specialist in Latin American Affairs for the Congressional Research Service (Clare, January 16, 2013, “Mexico’s New Administration: Priorities and Key Issues in U.S.-Mexican Relations”, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42917.pdf) Congress has maintained significant interest in political, economic, and security conditions in neighboring Mexico, …Maintaining strong bilateral cooperation on these and other issues, while also ensuring that U.S. interests are protected, are likely to be of keen interest to Congress.
Infrastructure investment rebalances the relationship — overcomes alternate causalities. Selee and Wilson 12 — Andrew Selee, Vice President for Programs and Senior Adviser for the Mexico Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Adjunct Professor of Government at Johns Hopkins University and of International Affairs at George Washington University, former Visiting Professor at El Colegio de Mexico, holds a Ph.D. in Policy Studies from the University of Maryland, an M.A. in Latin American Studies from the University of California-San Diego, and a B.A. in Latin American Studies from Washington University in St. Louis, and Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, previously served as a Mexico Analyst for the U.S. Military and as a researcher at American University’s Center for North American Studies, holds an M.A. in International Affairs from American University, 2012 (“Getting ready for a new era in U.S.-Mexico ties,” Global Public Square—Fareed Zakaria’s CNN blog, December 3rd, Available Online at http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/12/03/Getting-Ready-for-a-New-Era-in-U-S-Mexico-Ties/, Accessed 07-26-2013) U.S.-Mexico relations have been dominated for the past six years by efforts to address drug trafficking and organized crime-related violence…If such a change in perception occurs, the results will speak for themselves. Border cooperation is the best opportunity to improve relations – spillover Bonner and Rozental 2009 Former Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection; Former Administrator, Drug Enforcement Administration, Andrés Rozental Former Deputy Foreign Minister of Mexico; Former President and Founder Mexican Council on Foreign Relations (COMEXI) “Managing the United States-Mexico Border: Cooperative Solutions to Common Challenges “ Report of the Binational Task Force on the United States-Mexico Border http://www.pacificcouncil.org/document.doc?id=30 The 1,952-mile land boundary between the United States and Mexico is the place where the most contentious and difficult issues in the bilateral relationship play out …Management of this shared boundary should serve as a model for binational collaboration in confronting shared challenges.
Cooperation is especially key on environmental issues – we need coalitions Selee and Wilson, 12 – Vice President for Programs and Senior Advisor to the Mexico Institute at the Wilson Center and associate with the Mexico Institute (“A New Agenda with Mexico,” Wilson Center, November 2012, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/a_new_agenda_with_mexico.pdf) The environment knows no national boundaries. ..Sensible management of border natural resources will also help ensure a better quality of life for citizens on both sides of the border. Pollution proves coop solves Donnelly 12 Robert Donnelly. Writer. "Our Shared Border: Success Stories in US-Mexico Collaboration" published by North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University and Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Our20Shared20Border.pdf Trust. Loyalty. Friendship. ..This is one reason why the expansion of this relationship to matters of technical cooperation and exchange is very valuable since it has enabled state- and municipal-level officials on the border to become better trained and to improve their performance in environmental policy and law enforcement.”
The US-Mexican border region is the hotspot for biodiversity Schoik 2013 – professor of international environmental security, science, and policy at San Diego State University, California (Rick Van, “Biodiversity on the U.S.-Mexican Border: Conservation Biology in the U.S.-Mexican Border Region,” updated in August 2013 but originally published in World Watch Magazine, November/December 2004, Volume 17, No. 6) The U.S.-Mexican border region has the highest rate of species endangerment…Even in the relatively affluent border region of Mexico, the economic asymmetry between the two countries is so sharp-and land-use so different-that the border is starkly visible to people flying over in airliners.
Mexico is key to global biodiversity – it supports 12 of world’s species Rhoda and Burton 10 - PhD in Geography from the University of Iowa, professor of geography, lecturer on development and urban systems, and director of programs for US Aid in Asia, Africa and Latin America; MA in Geography from Cambridge University and a teaching qualification from the University of London, Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, former editor of the Lloyd Mexican Economic Report, former Chief Examiner in Geography for the International Baccalaureate Organisation (Dr. Richard and Tony, “Geo-Mexico; the geography and dynamics of modern Mexico,” 2010) People from elsewhere generally think of Mexico as an arid country with lots of cacti…Papua New Guinea, and Australia.
Most recent, qualified, and peer-reviewed studies prove you’re impact defense doesn’t apply – biodiversity loss is as bad as climate change Bishop 12 (Adrian, Biodiversity loss from species extinctions may rival pollution and climate change impacts, May 2, http://www.earthtimes.org/nature/biodiversity-loss-species-extinction-top-driver-global-change/1960/) Species extinction and loss of biodiversity could be as devastating for the earth as climate change and air pollution. …Canada, and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis.
12/9/13
1AC - Border Infrastructure - BioT
Tournament: Meadows | Round: 5 | Opponent: St Marks AS | Judge: Alyssa Lucas-Bolin Contention One is Manufacturing U.S.-Mexican trade is set to increase but border infrastructure isn’t keeping up Wilson and Lee 12 - Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs, author of Working Together: Economic Ties between the United States and Mexico (Wilson Center, 2011), editor and author of the Institute’s forthcoming State of the Border Report, Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies (NACTS) at Arizona State University (Christopher E. Wilson, Erik Lee, Site Selection, July 2012, “Whole Nations Waiting”, http://www.siteselection.com/issues/2012/jul/us-mex-border.cfm, Accessed 07-15-2013 | AK) Commerce between the United States and Mexico is one of the great…vigorously in binational dialogue and cooperation.
Border delays threaten production shut-downs — the plan solves by reducing transportation costs and shipping times Wilson 13 - Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs, author of Working Together: Economic Ties between the United States and Mexico (Wilson Center, 2011), editor and author of the Institute’s forthcoming State of the Border Report (Christopher E. Wilson, Wilson Center — Mexico Institute, January 2013, “New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S.-Mexico Relations”, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf, Accessed 07-15-2013 | AK) At a time when Mexico is poised to experience robust economic growth, a manufacturing renaissance is underway in North America and bilateral trade is booming, the United States and Mexico have an important choice to make: sit back and reap the moderate and perhaps temporal benefits…at the U.S. land borders since an unexpected delay has the potential to shut down production until the needed parts arrive at their destination.
Our manufacturing sectors are deeply integrated — strong U.S.-Mexican supply chain is the foundation of the auto industry Miroff 2013 - correspondent for The Washington Post covering Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, senior correspondent for GlobalPost and a contributor to National Public Radio, master's degree from the UC Berkeley School of Journalism and studied Spanish and Latin American literature at UC Santa Cruz (Nick, “With Mexican auto manufacturing boom, new worries,” The Americas, Washington Post, July 1, 2013, http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-07-01/world/40294191_1_u-s-auto-sales-mexican-hemi) General Motors is making its iconic Silverado pickup trucks in central Mexico’s Guanajuato state...The production surge in Mexico is projected to attract billions more in new investment in the next several years as car companies increasingly look to use the country as a global manufacturing hub.
Mexican manufacturing is key to the pharmaceutical industry ProMexico 13 - the Mexican government institution in charge of strengthening Mexico’s participation in the international economy; the institution supports the export activity of companies established in the country and coordinates actions to attract foreign direct investment to national territory (ProMexico, “Mexico's Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Industries: The Pulse of Success,” Negocios, ProMexico: Trade and Investment, July 2013, http://negocios.promexico.gob.mx/english/07-2013/art01.html) The pharmaceutical and medical device industries…which would create a potential 7,097 jobs in the sector.
Pharmaceutical manufacturing solves bioterror Gillis 1 – recipient of the Oakes Award for Environmental Journalism, energy editor and senior climate reporter for the New York Times, graduated from UGA (Justin, 2001 "Scientists Race for Vaccines," Washington Post, lexis) U.S. scientists, spurred into action by the events of Sept. 11…It's the right thing to do."
New gene synthesis technology makes bioterrorism uniquely likely and deadly MSNBC 11(“Clinton warns of bioweapon threat from gene tech,” 12/7/11,http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/45584359/ns/technology_and_science-security/#.TuaTq7JomzZ) GENEVA — New gene assembly technology that offers great benefits for scientific research…saying it is too complicated to monitor every lab's activities.
Bioterror leads to extinction Steinbruner 97 – Brookings senior fellow and chair in international security (John D. Steinbruner, Brookings senior fellow and chair in international security, vice chair of the committee on international security and arms control of the National Academy of Sciences, Winter 1997, Foreign Policy, “Biological weapons: a plague upon all houses,”n109p85(12),infotrac) Although human pathogens are often lumped with nuclear explosives…The 1918 influenza epidemic demonstrated the potential for a global contagion of this sort but not necessarily its outer limit.
12/9/13
1AC - Border Infrastructure - China v 1
Tournament: Meadows | Round: 2 | Opponent: La Costa Canyon YG | Judge: Bates Contention Two is China
Now is a unique time to foster relations Seelke 13 - specialist in Latin American Affairs for the Congressional Research Service (Clare, January 16, 2013, “Mexico’s New Administration: Priorities and Key Issues in U.S.-Mexican Relations”, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42917.pdf) Congress has maintained significant interest in political, economic, and security conditions in neighboring Mexico, a close ally that is of vital importance to U.S. national security and economic performance…Maintaining strong bilateral cooperation on these and other issues, while also ensuring that U.S. interests are protected, are likely to be of keen interest to Congress.
Infrastructure investment rebalances the relationship — overcomes alternate causalities. Selee and Wilson 12 — Andrew Selee, Vice President for Programs and Senior Adviser for the Mexico Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Adjunct Professor of Government at Johns Hopkins University and of International Affairs at George Washington University, former Visiting Professor at El Colegio de Mexico, holds a Ph.D. in Policy Studies from the University of Maryland, an M.A. in Latin American Studies from the University of California-San Diego, and a B.A. in Latin American Studies from Washington University in St. Louis, and Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, previously served as a Mexico Analyst for the U.S. Military and as a researcher at American University’s Center for North American Studies, holds an M.A. in International Affairs from American University, 2012 (“Getting ready for a new era in U.S.-Mexico ties,” Global Public Square—Fareed Zakaria’s CNN blog, December 3rd, Available Online at http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/12/03/Getting-Ready-for-a-New-Era-in-U-S-Mexico-Ties/, Accessed 07-26-2013) U.S.-Mexico relations have been dominated for the past six years by efforts to address drug trafficking and organized crime-related violence…If such a change in perception occurs, the results will speak for themselves.
Border cooperation is the best opportunity to improve relations – spillover Bonner and Rozental 2009 Former Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection; Former Administrator, Drug Enforcement Administration, Andrés Rozental Former Deputy Foreign Minister of Mexico; Former President and Founder Mexican Council on Foreign Relations (COMEXI) “Managing the United States-Mexico Border: Cooperative Solutions to Common Challenges “ Report of the Binational Task Force on the United States-Mexico Border http://www.pacificcouncil.org/document.doc?id=30 The 1,952-mile land boundary between the United States and Mexico is the place where the most contentious and difficult issues in the bilateral relationship play…Management of this shared boundary should serve as a model for binational collaboration in confronting shared challenges.
Scenario One is Influence
US-Mexico Relations hurt Chinese Influence in Latin America – it’s zero sum Arizona Daily Star 12, (Arizona Daily Star, 9/14/2012, “Fox says US-Mexico ties deter China's influence”, web) Former Mexican President Vicente Fox said the United States has to bolster ties with Mexico …And that, he said, will require resolving the issue of who can come to this country and under what circumstances.
Chinese influence in Latin America allows them to peel away critical Taiwanese allies which emboldens an invasion Robbie Fergusson, Researcher at Royal Society for the Arts, 7/23/12 (The Chinese Challenge to the Monroe Doctrine, www.e-ir.info/2012/07/23/does-chinese-growth-in-latin-america-threaten-american-interests) Taiwan – domestic, or foreign policy?...The U.S.A might find itself in a position where it could no longer withstand the diplomatic pressure to allow the PRC to conclude a settlement on Taiwan, perhaps by force.
Taiwan war escalates and goes nuclear Lowther ‘13 William Lowther, citing a report by the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Ask your lab leaders about the CSIS – many of them are familiar with its work – 3-16-2013, “Taiwan could spark nuclear war: report,” Taipei Times, http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/03/16/2003557211 Taiwan is the most likely potential crisis that could trigger a nuclear war between China and the US… the island is intertwined both with the legitimacy of the Chinese Communist Party and the reliability of US defense commitments in the Asia-Pacific region.”
12/9/13
1AC - Border Infrastructure - China v 2
Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 1 | Opponent: Carrolton Sacred Heart GR | Judge: Scott Phillips Contention Two is China
Now is a unique time to foster relations Seelke 13 - specialist in Latin American Affairs for the Congressional Research Service (Clare, January 16, 2013, “Mexico’s New Administration: Priorities and Key Issues in U.S.-Mexican Relations”, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42917.pdf) Congress has maintained significant interest in political, economic, and security conditions in neighboring Mexico, a close ally that is of vital importance to U.S. national security and economic performance…Maintaining strong bilateral cooperation on these and other issues, while also ensuring that U.S. interests are protected, are likely to be of keen interest to Congress.
Infrastructure rebalances the relationship – overcomes alt causes Selee and Wilson 12 — Andrew Selee, Vice President for Programs and Senior Adviser for the Mexico Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Adjunct Professor of Government at Johns Hopkins University and of International Affairs at George Washington University, former Visiting Professor at El Colegio de Mexico, holds a Ph.D. in Policy Studies from the University of Maryland, an M.A. in Latin American Studies from the University of California-San Diego, and a B.A. in Latin American Studies from Washington University in St. Louis, and Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, previously served as a Mexico Analyst for the U.S. Military and as a researcher at American University’s Center for North American Studies, holds an M.A. in International Affairs from American University, 2012 (“Getting ready for a new era in U.S.-Mexico ties,” Global Public Square—Fareed Zakaria’s CNN blog, December 3rd, Available Online at http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/12/03/Getting-Ready-for-a-New-Era-in-U-S-Mexico-Ties/, Accessed 07-26-2013) U.S.-Mexico relations have been dominated for the past six years by efforts to address drug trafficking and organized crime-related violence…If such a change in perception occurs, the results will speak for themselves.
Border cooperation spills over relations Bonner and Rozental 2009 Former Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection; Former Administrator, Drug Enforcement Administration, Andrés Rozental Former Deputy Foreign Minister of Mexico; Former President and Founder Mexican Council on Foreign Relations (COMEXI) “Managing the United States-Mexico Border: Cooperative Solutions to Common Challenges “ Report of the Binational Task Force on the United States-Mexico Border http://www.pacificcouncil.org/document.doc?id=30 The 1,952-mile land boundary between the United States and Mexico is the place where the most contentious and difficult issues in the bilateral relationship play…Management of this shared boundary should serve as a model for binational collaboration in confronting shared challenges.
Increasing border efficiency facilitates re-shoring Lee et al. ’13 May 2013. Erik Lee serves as Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies (NACTS) at Arizona State University. Christopher E. Wilson is an Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Francisco Lara-Valencia is an Assistant Professor of the School of Transborder Studies and a Southwest Borderland Scholar at Arizona State University. Carlos A. de la Parra is a professor and researcher at the Colegio de la Frontera Norte in the department of Urban Studies and Environment. Rick Van Schoik is director of the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University. Kristofer Patron-Soberano is an economist at El Colegio de la Frontera Norte (COLEF). Eric L. Olson is the Associate Director of the Latin American Program at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, DC. “The State of The Border Report: A Comprehensive Analysis of the U.S.-Mexico Border” Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars – Mexico Institute. http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/mexico_state_of_border.pdf Merchandise trade has more than quintupled since NAFTA was put in place, but its growth has not been entirely steady…long and unpredictable wait times at the POEs are costing the United States and Mexican economies many billions of dollars each year.
That focuses Chinese manufacturing on domestic markets and growing Asian economies Sirkin et al. 11 — Harold L. Sirkin, senior partner and managing director in the Chicago office of The Boston Consulting Group and the author of GLOBALITY: Competing with Everyone from Everywhere for Everything, and Michael Zinser, partner and managing director in the firm’s Chicago office, and Douglas Hohner, partner and managing director in BCG’s Chicago office (Harold L. Sirkin, Michael Zinser, Douglas Hohner, The Boston Consulting Group, “Made in America, Again: Why Manufacturing Will Return to the U.S.”, August 2011, http://www.bcg.com/documents/file84471.pdf, Accessed 07-22-2013 | AK) The reallocation of production is still in its early stages…the U.S. will be the optimal choice for many manufacturing investments aimed at serving the North American market.
That solves Asian stability, prolif, and terrorism Krawitz 10. Howard M., Visiting Senior Fellow @ NDU, former Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, “China’s trade opening and implications for regional stability” The People’s Liberation Army and China in Transition – National Defense University Press -- http://www.scribd.com/doc/3099389/the-peoples-liberation-army-and-china-in-transition A strong services sector, and the millions of jobs it will create, would not only support a real middle class …perhaps even becoming more involved in curbing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
12/9/13
1AC - Border Infrastructure - Economy
Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 3 | Opponent: Loyola DW | Judge: Steven Sander Contention One is Manufacturing U.S.-Mexican trade is set to increase but border infrastructure isn’t keeping up Wilson and Lee 12 - Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs, author of Working Together: Economic Ties between the United States and Mexico (Wilson Center, 2011), editor and author of the Institute’s forthcoming State of the Border Report, Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies (NACTS) at Arizona State University (Christopher E. Wilson, Erik Lee, Site Selection, July 2012, “Whole Nations Waiting”, http://www.siteselection.com/issues/2012/jul/us-mex-border.cfm, Accessed 07-15-2013 | AK) *We do not endorse gendered or ableist language* Commerce between the United States and Mexico is one of the great…vigorously in binational dialogue and cooperation.
Border delays threaten production shut-downs — the plan solves by reducing transportation costs and shipping times Wilson 13 - Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs, author of Working Together: Economic Ties between the United States and Mexico (Wilson Center, 2011), editor and author of the Institute’s forthcoming State of the Border Report (Christopher E. Wilson, Wilson Center — Mexico Institute, January 2013, “New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S.-Mexico Relations”, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf, Accessed 07-15-2013 | AK) *We do not endorse gendered or ableist language* At a time when Mexico is poised to experience robust economic growth, a manufacturing renaissance is underway in North America and bilateral trade is booming, the United States and Mexico have an important choice to make: sit back and reap the moderate and perhaps temporal benefits…at the U.S. land borders since an unexpected delay has the potential to shut down production until the needed parts arrive at their destination.
Our manufacturing sectors are deeply integrated — strong U.S.-Mexican supply chain is the foundation of the auto industry Miroff 2013 - correspondent for The Washington Post covering Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, senior correspondent for GlobalPost and a contributor to National Public Radio, master's degree from the UC Berkeley School of Journalism and studied Spanish and Latin American literature at UC Santa Cruz (Nick, “With Mexican auto manufacturing boom, new worries,” The Americas, Washington Post, July 1, 2013, http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-07-01/world/40294191_1_u-s-auto-sales-mexican-hemi) *We do not endorse gendered or ableist language* General Motors is making its iconic Silverado pickup trucks in central Mexico’s Guanajuato state...The production surge in Mexico is projected to attract billions more in new investment in the next several years as car companies increasingly look to use the country as a global manufacturing hub.
Scenario One is the Economy
The auto industry is declining – most recent ev LAT 12/3/13 (Los Angeles Times, “Stocks close down as consumer spending worries deepen,” Los Angeles Times, Associated Press, December 3, 2013, http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fiw-wall-street-20131203,0,2300611.story#axzz2mZkLoFGA) NEW YORK — After eight straight weeks of gains, the stock market pullback long anticipated by investors may have arrived...The stock of the teen clothing store owner rose after an activist shareholder, Engaged Capital, sent a letter to the company demanding that CEO Michael Jeffries be replaced.
The auto industry is a critical to the American economy – jobs, GDP, research and development, supply and demand, and tax revenue Hill, Menk, and Cooper 7 - director of the Sustainability and Economic Development Strategies Group (SEDS) at the Center for Automotive Research (CAR) in Ann Arbor, Michigan and director of the Automotive Communities Partnership (ACP), Senior Project Manager at the SEDS at the CAR, and CAR Publication Author (Kim, Debra, and Adam, “Contribution of the Automotive Industry to the Economies of all Fifty State and the United States,” Center for Automotive Research, Sustainability and Economic Development Strategies Group, April 2010, http://www.cargroup.org/?module=Publicationsandevent=ViewandpubID=16) The United States automotive industry is a critical component of economic growth with extensive interconnections across the industrial and cultural fabric of the U.S…People in these jobs collectively earn over $500 billion annually in compensation and generate more than $70 billion in tax revenues.
Economic decline causes conflict – risk of miscalculation and incentivized fabrication of conflict increases Royal 10 - Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction and the US Department of Defense (Jedediah, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises”, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215) S. Brock Blomberg is a professor of economics @ Claremont College. Gregory Hess is also a prof of economics @ Claremont. Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict…This implied connection between integration, crises and armed conflict has not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.
12/9/13
1AC - Border Infrastructure - Framing
Tournament: La Costa Canyon | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Alpine HW | Judge: Dan Perdomo, Chris Thiele, Nate Wong Roleplaying the government is good for education Joyner 99 Christopher C. Joyner is a Professor of International Law in the Government Department at Georgetown University, Spring, 1999 5 ILSA J Int'l and Comp L 377
Use of the debate can be an effective pedagogical tool for education in the social sciences. Debates, like other role-playing simulations, help students understand different perspectives on a policy issue by adopting a perspective as their own… pushing students beyond stale arguments over principles into the real world of policy analysis, political critique, and legal defense.
The state is inevitable—means there’s an absolute ethical responsibility to STRIVE toward making it ethical—solvency isn’t a question Simmons 99 (William Paul, Prof @ U of Arizona, Formerly ASU and Bethany College, The Third: Levinas’ Theoretical Move from An-Archical Ethics to the Realm of Justice and Politics, Philosophy and Social Criticism, 25(6), p. 83-104, http://theology.co.kr/wwwb/data/levinas/1-levinas.pdf)//LA We should also say that all those who attack us with such venom have no right to do so, along with this feeling of unbounded responsibility…Each of these principles, left to itself, only hastens the contrary of what it wants to secure.
The failure to reform the state triggers authoritarianism—politics keeps going without you Boggs 2k (Carl, Prof of Political Science@ U of Southern California, The End of Politics: Corporate Power and Decline of the Public Sphere, p. 250-1)GDI But it is a very deceptive and misleading minimalism…the embodiment of those universal, collective interests that had vanished from civil society.16 And either outcome would run counter to the facile antirationalism of Oakeshott’s Burkean muddling-through theories.
Placing representations and discourse first trades off with concrete political change Taft-Kaufman, 95 Jill Speech prof @ CMU, Southern Comm. Journal, Spring, v. 60, Iss. 3, “Other Ways”, p pq The postmodern passwords of "polyvocality," "Otherness," and "difference," unsupported by substantial analysis of the concrete contexts of subjects, creates a solipsistic quagmire…Emphasizing the discursive self when a person is hungry and homeless represents both a cultural and humane failure.
The role of the ballot is to maximize the lives saved. We should never sacrifice individuals for abstract values. Cummisky 96 (David, professor of philosophy at Bates College, Kantian Consequentialism, pg. 145) We must not obscure the issue by characterizing this type of case as the sacrifice of individuals for some abstract “social entity.” …If one focuses on the equal value of all rational beings, the equal consideration suggests that one may have to sacrifice some to save many. Utilitarianism allows morals to thrive – liberal politics doesn’t preclude mindless action Kymlicka, 90 – Professor of Philosophy and Canada Research Chair in Political Philosophy at Queen's University at Kingston, Recurrent Visiting Professor in the Nationalism Studies program at the Central European University, B.A. (Honours) in philosophy and political studies from Queen's University, Ph.D. from Oxford University, (Will, “Contemporary Political Philosophy”, Clarendon and Oxford, 1990, Print)JKahn 2. COMMUNITARIANISM AND THE COMMON GOOD Communitarians object to the neutral state. They believe it should be abandoned for a ‘politics of the common good’ …It takes precedence over the claim of individuals to the resources and liberties needed to pursue their own conceptions of the good.
12/9/13
1AC - Border Infrastructure - Hegemony
Tournament: Long Beach | Round: 1 | Opponent: Dougherty Valley JK | Judge: Carly Pickins Contention One is Manufacturing
U.S.-Mexican trade is set to increase but border infrastructure isn’t keeping up Wilson and Lee 12 - Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs, author of Working Together: Economic Ties between the United States and Mexico (Wilson Center, 2011), editor and author of the Institute’s forthcoming State of the Border Report, Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies (NACTS) at Arizona State University (Christopher E. Wilson, Erik Lee, Site Selection, July 2012, and#34;Whole Nations Waitingand#34;, http://www.siteselection.com/issues/2012/jul/us-mex-border.cfm-http://www.siteselection.com/issues/2012/jul/us-mex-border.cfm, Accessed 07-15-2013 | AK) Commerce between the United States and Mexico is one of the great — yet AND , and for all stakeholders to engage vigorously in binational dialogue and cooperation.
Border delays threaten production shut-downs — the plan solves by reducing transportation costs and shipping times Wilson 13 - Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs, author of Working Together: Economic Ties between the United States and Mexico (Wilson Center, 2011), editor and author of the Institute’s forthcoming State of the Border Report (Christopher E. Wilson, Wilson Center — Mexico Institute, January 2013, and#34;New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S.-Mexico Relationsand#34;, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf-http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf, Accessed 07-15-2013 | AK) At a time when Mexico is poised to experience robust economic growth, a manufacturing AND potential to shut down production until the needed parts arrive at their destination.
Our manufacturing sectors are deeply integrated — strong U.S.-Mexican supply chain is the foundation of the auto industry Miroff 2013 - correspondent for The Washington Post covering Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, senior correspondent for GlobalPost and a contributor to National Public Radio, master’s degree from the UC Berkeley School of Journalism and studied Spanish and Latin American literature at UC Santa Cruz (Nick, and#34;With Mexican auto manufacturing boom, new worries,and#34; The Americas, Washington Post, July 1, 2013, http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-07-01/world/40294191_1_u-s-auto-sales-mexican-hemi-http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-07-01/world/40294191_1_u-s-auto-sales-mexican-hemi) General Motors is making its iconic Silverado pickup trucks in central Mexico’s Guanajuato state. AND car companies increasingly look to use the country as a global manufacturing hub.
The pursuit of hegemony is inevitable, sustainable, and prevents great power war Ikenberry, Brooks, and Wohlforth 13 – *Stephen G. Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, John Ikenberry is Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, William C. Wohlforth is Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College (and#34;Lean Forward: In Defense of American Engagementand#34;, January/February 2013, Foreign Affairs, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138468/stephen-g-brooks-g-john-ikenberry-and-william-c-wohlforth/lean-forward-http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138468/stephen-g-brooks-g-john-ikenberry-and-william-c-wohlforth/lean-forward) Since the end of World War II, the United States has pursued a single AND an engaged and liberal leading power. The results could well be disastrous.
12/9/13
1AC - Border Infrastructure - Solvency
Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harker JM | Judge: Jack Gugino Contention Three is Solvency
past border initiatives were passed but weren’t sufficient Wilson et al 5-13 (Wilson, Christopher (associate at the Mexico Institute), Eric L. Olson, Miguel R. Salazar, Andrew Selee, and Duncan Wood, “New Ideas For a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S.-Mexico Relations,” May 2013, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_new_era.pdf, AC) The first step to improving regional competitiveness is freeing up the flow of trade…the lines at the border remain ¶ long and there is much work to do.
Economic liberalization helped the Mexican society and economy Gates 96 - Ph.D in Anthropology @ University of British Colombia, Professor of Anthropology at Simon Fraser University (Marilyn, “The Debt Crisis and Economic Restructuring:Prospects for Mexican Agriculture” NEOLIBERALISM REVISITED – Economic Restructuring and Mexico's Political Future, edited by Gerardo Otero, Westview Press, pg 48-49)SG Differences in presidential style did, however, become apparent…With average salaries of less than $300 a month, agrarian bureaucrats often feel com- pelled, at the very least, to cheat on their gasoline allowances, to extort boxes of produce from the ejidatarios, and to rob their employers of time by padding their work sheets.
Empirics first – discourse focus is epistemologically flawed and kills action Rodwell 5 (Jonathan, Ph.D. student at Manchester Metropolitan University, "Trendy But Empty: A Response to Richard Jackson," www.49thparallel.bham.ac.uk/back/issue15/rodwell1.htm slim_) The reason it there is no attempt to explore the complexity of causation is that this would clearly automatically undermine the concentration on discourse…Because empirically persuasive evidence tells us this is the case. The question must then be asked, is our
Our authors rely on a testable empirical method – yes, there are counterexamples, but trade has the strongest overall correlation with a reduction in conflict Weede 2004 (Erich, professor of sociology at the University of Bonn, Germany, In Winter 1986-87, he was Visiting Professor of International Relations at the Bologna Center of The Johns Hopkins University, “BALANCE OF POWER, GLOBALIZATION, AND THE CAPITALIST PEACE,” http://www.fnf.org.ph/downloadables/Balance20of20Power,20Globalization20and20Capitalist20Peace.pdf) Unfortunately, almost no theory in macroeconomics, macrosociology, or international relations delivers deterministic propositions…it is better to rely on testable, tested and so far supported propositions than on a hodgepodge of ambiguous hunches, contradictory thinking, and unsystematically evaluated empirical evidence.
Federal leadership is key to effective policy – only way to capitalize on relations Wilson Center 09 (7“THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO: Towards a Strategic Partnership,” Woodrow Wilson Center Mexico Institute, January 2009, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/The20U.S.20and20Mexico.20Towards20a20Strategic20Partnership.pdf) The Obama administration and the incoming Congress have the opportunity to raise the level of attention given to Mexico and to pursue a strategic partnership based on consultation and cooperation around issues of shared national interest…funds for border infrastructure that can help overcome existing bottlenecks and stimulate development in border communities.
12/9/13
1AC - Border Infrastructure - Warming v 1
Tournament: Fullerton | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Nevada Union CH | Judge: Marvin Carter, Andrew Jenkins, Gino Velto 1AC – Fullerton Contention One is Manufacturing U.S.-Mexican trade is set to increase but border infrastructure isn’t keeping up Wilson and Lee 12 - Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs, author of Working Together: Economic Ties between the United States and Mexico (Wilson Center, 2011), editor and author of the Institute’s forthcoming State of the Border Report, Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies (NACTS) at Arizona State University (Christopher E. Wilson, Erik Lee, Site Selection, July 2012, “Whole Nations Waiting”, http://www.siteselection.com/issues/2012/jul/us-mex-border.cfm, Accessed 07-15-2013 | AK) Commerce between the United States and Mexico is one of the great…vigorously in binational dialogue and cooperation.
Border delays threaten production shut-downs — the plan solves by reducing transportation costs and shipping times Wilson 13 - Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs, author of Working Together: Economic Ties between the United States and Mexico (Wilson Center, 2011), editor and author of the Institute’s forthcoming State of the Border Report (Christopher E. Wilson, Wilson Center — Mexico Institute, January 2013, “New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S.-Mexico Relations”, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf, Accessed 07-15-2013 | AK) At a time when Mexico is poised to experience robust economic growth, a manufacturing renaissance is underway in North America and bilateral trade is booming, the United States and Mexico have an important choice to make: sit back and reap the moderate and perhaps temporal benefits…at the U.S. land borders since an unexpected delay has the potential to shut down production until the needed parts arrive at their destination.
Our manufacturing sectors are deeply integrated — strong U.S.-Mexican supply chain is the foundation of the auto industry Miroff 2013 - correspondent for The Washington Post covering Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, senior correspondent for GlobalPost and a contributor to National Public Radio, master's degree from the UC Berkeley School of Journalism and studied Spanish and Latin American literature at UC Santa Cruz (Nick, “With Mexican auto manufacturing boom, new worries,” The Americas, Washington Post, July 1, 2013, http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-07-01/world/40294191_1_u-s-auto-sales-mexican-hemi) General Motors is making its iconic Silverado pickup trucks in central Mexico’s Guanajuato state...The production surge in Mexico is projected to attract billions more in new investment in the next several years as car companies increasingly look to use the country as a global manufacturing hub.
Scenario Two is Semiconductors The auto sector is vital to semiconductor tech growth Hill et al 10- Sustainable Transportation and Communities Group and Project Lead, Project Manager of the center for automotive research, Research Associate at the center for automotive research, (Kim, Debbie Menk, Adam Cooper, “Contribution of the Automotive Industry to the Economics of All Fifty States and the Unites States”, http://www.oesa.org/Doc-Vault/Industry-Information-Analysis/CAR-Economic-Significance-Report.pdf0. The auto industry is one…it is difficult to imagine manufacturing surviving in this country.
Semiconductors are vital to addressing climate change Bauer 9 – CEO of Infineon, a leading semiconductor company (Peter, “A change of pace for the semiconductor industry?”, PricewaterhouseCoopers, November 2009, http://www.pwc.com/en_GX/gx/technology/pdf/change-of-pace-in-the-semiconductor-industry.pdf)//CH The increasing global demand for energy…are a key component for efficiently supplying power to the network.
Warming causes extinction - it's real, anthropogenic, and outweighs other threats Deibel 7 (Terry, "Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic of American Statecraft," Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today) Finally, there is one major existential threat…It is a threat not only to the security and prosperity to the United States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet.
12/9/13
1AC - Border Infrastructure - Warming v 2
Tournament: La Costa Canyon | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Alpine HW | Judge: Dan Perdomo, Chris Thiele, Nate Wong Now is a unique time to foster relations Seelke 13 - specialist in Latin American Affairs for the Congressional Research Service (Clare, January 16, 2013, “Mexico’s New Administration: Priorities and Key Issues in U.S.-Mexican Relations”, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42917.pdf) Congress has maintained significant interest in political, economic, and security conditions in neighboring Mexico, …Maintaining strong bilateral cooperation on these and other issues, while also ensuring that U.S. interests are protected, are likely to be of keen interest to Congress.
Infrastructure investment rebalances the relationship — overcomes alternate causalities. Selee and Wilson 12 — Andrew Selee, Vice President for Programs and Senior Adviser for the Mexico Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Adjunct Professor of Government at Johns Hopkins University and of International Affairs at George Washington University, former Visiting Professor at El Colegio de Mexico, holds a Ph.D. in Policy Studies from the University of Maryland, an M.A. in Latin American Studies from the University of California-San Diego, and a B.A. in Latin American Studies from Washington University in St. Louis, and Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, previously served as a Mexico Analyst for the U.S. Military and as a researcher at American University’s Center for North American Studies, holds an M.A. in International Affairs from American University, 2012 (“Getting ready for a new era in U.S.-Mexico ties,” Global Public Square—Fareed Zakaria’s CNN blog, December 3rd, Available Online at http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/12/03/Getting-Ready-for-a-New-Era-in-U-S-Mexico-Ties/, Accessed 07-26-2013) U.S.-Mexico relations have been dominated for the past six years by efforts to address drug trafficking and organized crime-related violence…If such a change in perception occurs, the results will speak for themselves. Border cooperation is the best opportunity to improve relations – spillover Bonner and Rozental 2009 Former Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection; Former Administrator, Drug Enforcement Administration, Andrés Rozental Former Deputy Foreign Minister of Mexico; Former President and Founder Mexican Council on Foreign Relations (COMEXI) “Managing the United States-Mexico Border: Cooperative Solutions to Common Challenges “ Report of the Binational Task Force on the United States-Mexico Border http://www.pacificcouncil.org/document.doc?id=30 The 1,952-mile land boundary between the United States and Mexico is the place where the most contentious and difficult issues in the bilateral relationship play out …Management of this shared boundary should serve as a model for binational collaboration in confronting shared challenges.
Cooperation is especially key on environmental issues – we need coalitions Selee and Wilson, 12 – Vice President for Programs and Senior Advisor to the Mexico Institute at the Wilson Center and associate with the Mexico Institute (“A New Agenda with Mexico,” Wilson Center, November 2012, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/a_new_agenda_with_mexico.pdf) The environment knows no national boundaries. ..Sensible management of border natural resources will also help ensure a better quality of life for citizens on both sides of the border. Pollution proves coop solves Donnelly 12 Robert Donnelly. Writer. "Our Shared Border: Success Stories in US-Mexico Collaboration" published by North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University and Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Our20Shared20Border.pdf Trust. Loyalty. Friendship. ..This is one reason why the expansion of this relationship to matters of technical cooperation and exchange is very valuable since it has enabled state- and municipal-level officials on the border to become better trained and to improve their performance in environmental policy and law enforcement.”
Warming increasing now Rahmstorf, Stefan 5/15/2013 (Stefan Rahmstorf is Co-Chair of Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. 15/5/2013, Most Comprehensive Paleoclimate Reconstruction Confirms Hockey Stick, Climate Progress, http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2013/07/08/2261531/most-comprehensive-paleoclimate-reconstruction-confirms-hockey-stick/) The past 2000 years of climate change have now been reconstructed in more detail than ever … the solar forcing in the 20th Century cannot compete by far with the greenhouse gases, and it also does not match the temperature evolution.
Warming causes extinction - it's real, anthropogenic, and outweighs other threats Deibel 7 (Terry, "Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic of American Statecraft," Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today) Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as prosperity) of a nonviolent nature, which, though far in the future, demands urgent action…It is a threat not only to the security and prosperity to the United States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet.
Warming is not inevitable – even if temporarily over the tipping point, CO2 concentration can be brought back down. Dyer, PhD in Middle Eastern history, MA in military history, and environmental author, 2008 (Gwynne, Jan. 1, “Climate Wars”, CBC) There is no need to despair… so let us focus here on how to stop it rising past 450.
Our authors are comparatively better than your skeptics Subpoint A is Publications and research NASA 13 (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, “Consensus: 97 of scientists agree,” Global Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet, http://climate.nasa.gov/scientific-consensus)//CS Ninety-seven percent of climate scientists agree that climate-warming trends over the past century are very likely due to human activities… The following page contains information on what federal agencies are doing to adapt to climate change. http://www.c2es.org/docUploads/federal-agencies-adaptation.pdf
Subpoint B is that skeptics are paid off by oil Sample 7 (Ian, science correspondent for the Guardian, “Scientists offered cash to dispute climate study”, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/feb/02/frontpagenews.climatechange) KA Scientists and economists have been offered $10,000 each by a lobby group funded by one of the world's largest oil companies to undermine a major climate change report …and more than 20 of its staff have worked as consultants to the Bush administration. Lee Raymond, a former head of ExxonMobil, is the vice-chairman of AEI's board of trustees.
US-Mexico relations key to address joint climate change threats Barry, 5/2/2013.( Tom Barry, who directs the TransBorder Project at CIP, is the author of numerous books on U.S.-Latin America relations, including three books on Mexico. His most recent CIP publication is Drones Over the Homeland. “Changing Perspectives in US-Mexico Relations”. North American Conference on Latin America. https://nacla.org/news/2013/5/2/changing-perspectives-us-mexico-relations ) If Obama and Peña Nieto were to talk about common concerns while on the border instead of in sitting rooms of the White House and Los Pinos, they would see a common future in the river that divides the two nations… as neighbors and part of the larger North American community with shared interests and responsibilities.
12/9/13
1AC - Pinay Feminism
Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 4 | Opponent: New Trier DL | Judge: Ian Beier 1AC Peminism Contention One is the Inhabitants
As a first generation Chinese American living in the United States, I’m located on the borders of society. This is the border that exists between white and black, the border between acceptance and rejection, and the border between assimilation and exclusion. In society, my position on the border is established when people tell me that, as an Asian American, I have it better off than blacks, but worse off than whites. My position on the border is established because my relatives will never consider me to be fully Chinese because I can’t speak their language fluently and yet at the same time, one glance from an American places me as foreign. Instead of belonging, I am ostracized and attacked from both sides. My authenticity is questioned from every angle, forcing my identity onto a border with nowhere to go.
Contention Two is the Barbwire
The context of oppression that we live in extends to cultural and historical roots of US economic engagement with Latin-America. Back in the 1840s, Polk annexed a region of Mexico to the US under the doctrine of manifest destiny, the belief that it was destiny for Americans to rule the continent. He moved American settlers to occupy the land, and soon enough the number of Anglo Saxons outnumbered the indigenous peoples. This prompted the Mexican-American war which ended in an American victory; the US got Texas as well as California, Arizona, and New Mexico. This was one of the first large-scale affirmations of the binary between US and Mexico where the indigenous peoples were marked as subhuman and the inhabitants of the border were ignored all together. Arriola 2000 (Elyia R., B.A., California State University, Los Angeles J.D., University of California, Berkeley M.A., New York University, Professor Arriola joined NIU Law in 2001 and teaches Constitutional Law, Gender, Sexuality and the Law, Civil Rights Litigation, Family Law and a research and writing seminar, Women, Law and the Global Economy. She is a Women's Studies Faculty Associate. “VOICES FROM THE BARBED WIRES OF DESPAIR: WOMEN IN THE MAQUILADORAS, LATINA CRITICAL LEGAL THEORY, AND GENDER AT THE U.S.-MEXICO BORDER” 49 DePaul L. Rev. 729 1999-2000, http://heinonline.org) I have previously argued that narratives and stories, even those gleaned from popular culture, can humanize the law, that is, flesh out its impact on people's lives. … The question then is what is the appropriate response and how does one analyze the social justice issues of "life on the U.S.-Mexico border," with a rational and manageable approach capable of producing recommendable solutions either in law or public policy?
At the end of the 1800s, manifest destiny began to justify not only expansionism in North America, but colonialism across the Pacific. Americans used the “white man’s burden” as reason to invade and occupy the Philippine islands and start the Philippine-American War. Filipinos were regarded as the inferior peoples and forced into reconcentrados, or concentration camps, where they died of torture, execution, or disease. At the end of the war, the Philippines became an American territory and over one and a half million civilians were dead. Although the Philippines is now its own republic, American colonization marred Filipino history, forcing Filipinos to question the authenticity of their identity and their culture. This colonialism coerces Filipinos into blaming themselves for the perpetual violence imposed on them. Root 97 – producer of the Bill of Rights for Racially Mixed People; graduated from the University of California with degrees in Psychology and Sociology; Master’s degree in Cognitive Psychology; Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology and focused on minority mental health (Maria P.P., “Contemporary Mixed Heritage Filipino Americans: Fighting Colonized Identities,” Filipino Americans: Transformation and Identity, pages 80-89, May 20, 1997, http://books.google.com/books?hl=enandlr=andid=7jK0RrwCHqQCandoi=fndandpg=PR10anddq=filipino+americans:+transformation+and+identityandots=MhrJVO4hUYandsig=pHhTCT3CVqkjln5nXKmfDJgQ-30#v=onepageandqandf=false)//CS The golden legend is a gross misrepresentation of Filipino history … Thus can the predator; who of course regards himself superordinate, injure an- other without being inconvenienced by responsibility; he may even be rewarded.
This ideology of Filipino inferiority extends over the Pacific Ocean to immigrants in the Filipino-American community. Mixed-heritage Filipinos are taught to accept the racial hierarchy of white at the top and color at the bottom. They’re taught that they don’t belong - not white enough to be considered superior Americans, rejected by Filipinos because they’re too white-washed, and therefore inauthentic Root 97 – producer of the Bill of Rights for Racially Mixed People; graduated from the University of California with degrees in Psychology and Sociology; Master’s degree in Cognitive Psychology; Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology and focused on minority mental health (Maria P.P., “Contemporary Mixed Heritage Filipino Americans: Fighting Colonized Identities,” Filipino Americans: Transformation and Identity, pages 80-89, May 20, 1997, http://books.google.com/books?hl=enandlr=andid=7jK0RrwCHqQCandoi=fndandpg=PR10anddq=filipino+americans:+transformation+and+identityandots=MhrJVO4hUYandsig=pHhTCT3CVqkjln5nXKmfDJgQ-30#v=onepageandqandf=false)//CS Whether planful or accidental, centuries of invasion and visita- tion by traders, seafarers, missionaries, warfarers, and colonists guaranteed that Filipinos across the archipelago would fuse multiple ethnic influmces and physical features. Across families, the family por- trait defies neatly delineated boundaries; Filipinos belong to no race and belong to all … We must redefine solidarity and resolution in light of our history as a people colonized, invaded, and spread out geographically in the archi- pelago and now internationally We must respect the diversity in our community rather than strive to eliminate or ignore it.
This epistemology of white heterosexual masculine rationality hurts mestizas the most – it portrays the mestiza as a non-human Other while her own culture straps her down in the name of protection, robbing her of her political agency. The combination of both cultures traps her in the interstices. This epistemology conditions the possibility for structural violence. It is the rationale that excludes Pilipinas from belonging in the Philippines or the US, it excludes Chicanas from belonging in the US or Mexico; it neglects mestizas from belonging to any race. Anzaldua 87 – scholar of Chicana cultural theory, feminist theory, and queer theory; B.A. in English, Art, and Secondary Education from Pan American University, and an M.A. in English and Education from the University of Texas at Austin (Gloria, “The Homeland, Atzlan,” Borderlands La Frontera, pages 20-37)CS Culture forms our beliefs. We perceive the version of reality that it communicates. Dominant paradigms, predefined concepts that exist as unquestionable, unchallengeable, are transmitted to us through the culture … Thus, people who inhabit both realities are forced to live in the interface between 'the two forced to become adept at switching modes. Such is the case with the india and the mestiza.
The framework of white heterosexual masculine rationality subsequently normalizes violence thus disguising oppression in a continuum where genocide becomes expected and justified Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois 4 – Professor of Anthropology at the University of California and Professor of Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania (Nancy and Philippe, Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22)MI This large and at first sight "messy" Part VII is central to (his anthology's thesis. It encom- passes everything from the (outinized, burcaucrattzed, and utterly banal violence of children dying of hunger and maternal despair in Northeast Brazil {Schcper-Hughcs, Chapter 33) ro elderly African Americans dying of heat stroke in Mayor Daly's version of US apartheid in Chicago's South Side I'Klincnberg, Chapter 38) to the racializcd class hatred expressed by British Victorians in their olfactory disgust of the "smelly" working classes (Orwell, Chapter 36). … the "genocidal continuum" (as we call it) that push social consensus toward devaluing certain forms of human life and lifeways from the refusal of social support and humane care to vulnerable "social parasites" (the nursing home elderly, "welfare queens," undocumented immigrants, drug addicts) to the militarization of everyday life (super-maximum-security prisons, capital punishment; the technologies of heightened personal security.
Contention Three is the Crossing
Part One is Solvency
Vote affirmative to affirm a mestiza consciousness - the mestiza consciousness has the potential to bridge the divide between the border of the First and Third World, masculine and feminine, light and dark, colonized and colonizer, and transcend dualities to create a new meaning. Anzaldua 87 – scholar of Chicana cultural theory, feminist theory, and queer theory; B.A. in English, Art, and Secondary Education from Pan American University, and an M.A. in English and Education from the University of Texas at Austin (Gloria, “The Homeland, Atzlan,” Borderlands La Frontera, pages 78-82)CS The ambivalence from the clash of voices results in mental and emotional states of perplexity. Internal strife results in insecurity and indecisiveness. … She learns to transform the small into the total Self. Se hace moldeadora de su alma. Segun la concepcion que tiene de si misma, asi sera.
The role of the ballot is to vote for who best performatively and methodologically challenges the genocide and oppression of others.
Part Two is the Community
This round is uniquely key – mestiza oppression is co-constituted by anti-black and anti-red oppression. Awareness is a prerequisite to change – ignorance feeds white culture and reinforces subjugation. Anzaldua 87 – scholar of Chicana cultural theory, feminist theory, and queer theory; B.A. in English, Art, and Secondary Education from Pan American University, and an M.A. in English and Education from the University of Texas at Austin (Gloria, “The Homeland, Atzlan,” Borderlands La Frontera, pages 83-87)CS "You're nothing but a woman" means you are defective. … Let`s try it our way, the mestiza way, the Chicana way, the woman way. On that day, I search for our essential dignity as a people, a people with a sense of purpose-to belong and contribute to something greater than our pueblo. On that day l seek to recover and reshape my spiritual identity, !Animate! Raza, a celebrar el dia de la Chicana.
Ethics takes a priority within the academic debate because it determines the framing of our knowledge production and decision-making skills. Gehrke 98 (Pat J., Associate Professor of Communication and Rhetoric at University of South Carolina, 1998,”CRITIQUE ARGUMENTS AS POLICY ANALYSIS: POLICY DEBATE BEYOND THE RATIONALIST PERSPECTIVE” CONTEMPORARY ARGUMENTATION AND DEBATE 19 p. 18-39) In academic debate, it is critical that the training and experience of the students, coaches, and critics include the consideration and evaluation of competing value claims. Value conflicts are increasingly central to politics in the United States. … citizens who are ill-equipped to cope with the value-laden issues of contemporary politics.
We are discouraged from affirming our racial and cultural identities through the doctrines of “fairness, ground, and predictability”. Our performance is evaluated aesthetically by white male performance Reid-Brinkley 8 (Assistant Professor PhD and Debate Coach at University of Pittsburgh "THE HARSH REALITIES OF “ACTING BLACK”: HOW AFRICAN-AMERICAN POLICY DEBATERS NEGOTIATE REPRESENTATION THROUGH RACIAL PERFORMANCE AND STYLE" Chapter 3 pg 67-69 Stepp argues that cultural and behavioral barriers exist within the national college policy debate community that contribute to an environment hostile to racial, ethnic, gender, and sexual differences. I think it is important to theorize the performative implications of this hostility. … So, if the stylistic procedures and practices of the national policy debate community function to exclude those considered other, then engaging style might be a tactical attack on the viability and maintenance of the traditional system.
Part Three is the State
The purpose of the “Other” is only to affirm the identity of the oppressor. The creation of state identity is only possible through antagonizing the “Other” Shapiro 97 – Professor of Political Science at the University of Hawaii (Michael, Violent Cartographies, pages 42-45) The state is therefore the individual in macrocosm for the purpose of understanding the necessity for a coherence-inducing negation. … . But in the case of the modern state, this dimension of the antagonism is often difficult to discern because it tends to be overcoded with strategic rationales.
