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Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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Bixby | Semis | Jenks MN | Derek Hilligoss |
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Tournament | Round | Report |
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Bixby | Semis | Opponent: Jenks MN | Judge: Derek Hilligoss 1AC - Cuban Ag |
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Cuban Ag - 1AC - BixbyTournament: Bixby | Round: Semis | Opponent: Jenks MN | Judge: Derek Hilligoss Agricultural sales restrictions, including the Cash in Advance restriction, have had a substantial negative effect on the sale of agricultural products to Cuba. “There is a consensus among ¶ exporters and industry officials that eliminating cash-against-documents transactions as an ¶ eligible method of payment has had a substantial negative effect on the sale of agricultural ¶ products to Cuba.”12" PLAN: The United States federal government should lift all restrictions on agricultural sales to Cuba and implement preferential trade access. Cuba will say yes – they are ready to trade with us and US could get a share of $1 billion dollars currently going to other countries. "It is the agricultural sector, however, that provides some of the most substantial and intriguing opportunities for both trade with Cuba and the creation of ¶ entirely new businesses in the United States... Rice exports alone present an enormous opportunity for U.S. producers." "Cuba’s private farmers are an entrepreneurial class with growing disposable income... A strong argument could therefore be made that the best means of assisting Cuba at minimal cost to the U.S. would be to implement preferential (including protected) trade access for the island’s products which are of agricultural origin and would not compete with products actually grown in the U.S." Studies prove Cuba will accept the exports – massively increasing the US market share and agricultural profits. "Because of data limitations and the non-market aspects of Cuban purchasing decisions, ¶the overall effect of removing all statutory restrictions on U.S. exports to Cuba is difficult¶ to quantify... Among the sixteen¶ commodity groups examined, the largest gains in U.S. exports to Cuba were for other¶ food products, including fresh fruits and vegetables (a rise of $34 million to $65 million¶ annually), milk powder ($14 million to $41 million), processed foods ($18 million to $34¶ million), wheat ($17 million to $33 million), and dry beans ($9 million to $22 million)." Advantage 1 is Economy The economy is at crossroads for boom or bust, jobs and business investment can provide boom. "Many on Wall Street believe the American economy will finally pick up in 2014.¶ BofA Merrill Lynch chief investment strategist Michael Hartnett argues "escape velocity" is "tantalizingly close"... This is evident in the nearby chart, which shows reasonably solid job gains outside of the sectors which boomed in the previous expansion. Regulatory and budgetary impediments will likely continue to weigh on job growth in the financial and government sectors; construction employment should improve, but only modestly." "In one of its starker revisions, the International Monetary Fund on Tuesday now says... “We are coming to a head for some important countries to tackle the headwinds in front of them.”" "Reducing the cost and time necessary to process payment for U.S. exports to Cuba ¶ would have major economic impacts in terms of increased exports and economic activity... The major sectors impacted are other agriculture (641), business ¶ services (250), health care (145), food, drink and retail (133), real estate (120), ¶ wholesale trade (105), finance (95) and transportation (85)." "U.S. agricultural exports to Cuba of $528 million in 2009 required 8,588 jobs and ¶ generated $1.6 billion in total economic activity... Employment is reported as total jobs, with full-time and ¶ part-time jobs counting the same." "Agriculture is twice as reliant on exports as the overall U.S. economy, and since the early 1970s, exports have accounted for 30 percent of total farm receipts in most years. U.S. agricultural exports are forecast to reach a record of $137 billion in 2011 (Fig. 1)... And though the U.S. government tightly controls exchange with Cuba, company representatives may now travel to Cuba and negotiate export sales." Agricultural exports are key to the overall US economy and employment. "Trade has always been important to U.S. farm and rural economies, from early colonial days when tobacco and cotton were the most important export commodities, to today’s massive exports of grain, oilseeds, and processed foods... Even though farming today accounts for a relatively small share of U.S.¶ . ERS Estimates of agricultural trade multipliers show that every $1 billion of U.S. agricultural exports in 2011 required 6,800 American workers, engaged in both direct and indirect supporting activities." "The Cuban government has supported these measures by incentivizing urban population to move into the country and undertake agricultural production.. USA Rice strongly supports the removal of statutory and regulatory restrictions on direct trade with Cuba, the clarification of Congress’s intent to legalize agricultural sales to Cuba, and the liberalization of travel licensing and payment rules concerning U.S. agricultural sales to Cuba." "Biloxi, MS—A study commissioned by the USA Rice Federation and conducted by theTexas Agricultural and Food Policy Center at Texas A and M University, entitled Economic Contributions of the U.S. Rice Industry to the U.S. Economy, estimates the total output effect for the U.S. rice industry to the nation’s economy at $34 billion in 2009... “The study results provide a good baseline for the impact of rice production in rice states and confirm the substantial economic activity generated by U.S. rice production throughout the nation,” Loewer said." ? Agricultural exports key to the economy, providing jobs, and reducing the trade deficit. "U.S. agricultural exports generated employment, income, and purchasing power in both the farm and nonfarm sectors... The agricultural export surplus helped to offset some of the nonagricultural trade deficit." Global economic crisis causes war---strong statistical support—also causes great power transitions "Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict... DeRouen (2000) has provided evidence showing that periods of weak economic performance in the United States, and thus weak presidential popularity, are statistically linked to an increase in the use of force." "Like the Great Depression, the current economic slump has fanned the firs of nationalist, ethnic and religious hatred around the world... But economic growth – and growth alone – creates the additional resources that make it possible to achieve such fundamental goals as higher living standards, national and collective security, a healthier environment, and more liberal and open economies and societies." "Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severe long-term threat to the United States’ position as global leader... Regional hegemon's in Asia could seize the moment, leading the world toward a new, dangerous era of multi-polarity." And as the world after America would be increasingly complicated and chaotic, it is imperative that the United States pursue a new, timely strategic vision for its foreign policy -- or start bracing itself for a dangerous slide into global turmoil." Advantage 2 is agriculture sustainability Cuban agriculture is at a critical turning point – capital shortages are causing a turn away from ecological sustainability "Cuba needed an alternative agricultural model when foreign oil imports were cut off significantly at the end of the 1980s, and the partial opening of the Cuban economy, focused on creating more autonomous agricultural cooperatives, in the 1990s helped diversify food crops and set Cuba along a path of increased food security... Decisions made in the next five years will demonstrate whether Cuba embraces their newly created national identity as a society striving for sustainable development or rejects the goal of sustainable development to increase short-term capital and energy needs." US exports, trade with China, and oil exploration with Venezuela are all pushing Cuba to abandon sustainable and organic farming "In much sustainable agriculture praise of Cuba, we do not hear that the country (like the U.S.) has confinement hog and chicken houses, that major U.S. food conglomerates are already selling vast quantities of grain and other products there, or that the embargo on trade with Cuba does not apply to U.S. agribusiness... Resistance to the onslaught of ecologically destructive development that looms on Cuba’s horizon will come through cooperation and exchange, not isolation. " Scenario 1 is food shortages Cuba is reverting back to industrial methods – this eliminates a critical model for global agro-ecology necessary to adapt to future challenges and prevent mass shortages "The Studebakers plying up and down Havana’s boardwalk aren’t the best advertisement for dynamism and innovation... The trouble is that this also means a change in the mindset of governments and scientists schooled in last century’s agriculture. If that’s a lesson the rest of the world is ready for, Cuban peasant organizing could well light the way to the future, even if their automobiles are stuck in the past." Global food shortages risk extinction from starvation and war "The character of human conflict has also changed: since the early 1990s, more wars have been triggered by disputes over food, land, and water than over mere political or ethnic differences... I believe future food shortages are a far bigger world threat than global warming." Scenario 2 is ocean acidification A transition to organic agriculture is necessary to prevent ocean acidification "Because U.S farm and forestsoils are so degraded from chemical-intensive, mono-crop farming practicesand over-logging they are only able to absorb and store half (or less) of the carbon matter than they would be capable of if they were organically managed... It also causes oceanic acidification, oceanic dead zones, and dramatic declines in fish and crustacean populations." "Today, Ridgwell and Daniela Schmidt, also of the University of Bristol, are publishing a study in the journal Nature Geoscience, comparing what happened in the oceans 55 million years ago to what the oceans are experiencing today,... If we want to save life in the oceans — and save ourselves, since we depend on that life — the time to start slashing carbon dioxide emissions is now" Scenario 3 is the environment Energy intensive agriculture is the primary cause of environmental degradation "Just when agricultural output could expand no more by increasing acreage, new innovations made possible a more thorough exploitation of the acreage already available... The rest of nature is forced to make due with what is left. Plainly, this is one of the major factors in species extinctions and in ecosystem stress." "But today, for the first time, humanity’s global civilization—the worldwide, increasingly interconnected, highly technological society in which we all are to one degree or another, embedded—is threatened with collapse by an array of environmental problems... The plough evidently first expanded it and now appears to be reducing it 3. Overall, careful analysis of the prospects does not provide much confidence that technology will save us 25 or that gross domestic product can be disengaged from resource use 26" | 2/10/14 |
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