Tournament: Wake Forest Earlybird | Round: 2 | Opponent: Pace Academy | Judge:
1AC – Agriculture
Cuban agriculture is at a critical turning point – capital shortages are causing a turn away from ecological sustainability
M. Dawn King, Professor of Environmental Studies at Brown, 3/21/12
(Cuban Sustainability: The Effects of Economic Isolation on Agriculture and Energy, wpsa.research.pdx.edu/meet/2012/kingmdawn.pdf)
Cuba needed an al....... capital and energy needs.
Cuba is reverting back to industrial methods – this eliminates a critical model for global agroecology necessary to adapt to future challenges and prevent mass shortages
Raj Patel, Fellow at the Institute for Food and Development Policy, 2012
(April, What Cuba Can Teach Us About Food and Climate Change, www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/future_tense/2012/04/agro_ecology_lessons_from_cuba_on_agriculture_food_and_climate_change_.single.html)
The Studebakers plying up and down Havana’s boardwalk aren’t the best advertisement for dynamism and innovation. But if you want to see what ....... are stuck in the past.
Soil erosion ends civilization – only organic farming can solve
Montgomery 7 (David R. Montgomery, Quaternary Research Center and Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, http://www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/archive/17/10/pdf/i1052-5173-17-10-4.pdf)
“Is agriculture eroding civilization’s foundation?”
Recent compilations of data ....... preclude economical farming.
Access to the US market is make or break for Cuban organic agriculture
Kost 04
William Kost is an Agricultural Economist with ERS, u.s.. Department of Agriculture
URBAN AGRICULTURE: TO BE OR NOT TO BE ORGANIC?
http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume14/pdfs/kost.pdf
EXTERNAL MARKETS MAY BE CRITICAL
FOR AN ORGANIC CUBA
In addition to the above ......... of the Cuban economy.
Food wars uniquely likely to escalate and cause extinction
Julian Cribb, Professor in Science Communication at the University of Technology Sydney, 2010¶ (Julian, principal of JCA, fellow of the Australian Academy¶ of Technological Sciences and Engineering, “The Coming Famine: The¶ Global Food Crisis and What We Can Do to Avoid It”, pg 10
The character of human conflict .......bigger world threat than global warming."
Organic agriculture sequesters carbon and solves three internal links to water shortages – pollution, irrigation and nutrition
Beck 4 (Malcolm, writer for the Garden-Ville Method, internally citing Senator Paul Simon, Dr. Jerry Parsons, and a study from the United States Department of Agriculture, “WATER: Quality, Quantity and Organic Agriculture,” 5/17, http://www.malcolmbeck.com/books/gv_method/WaterQualityQuantityandOrganicAgriculture.htm)
No life, not even the simplest, ...... and human consumption.
Water shortages will trigger global water conflicts
CSIS, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 9/30/2005
(Addressing Our Global Water Future, http://water.csis.org/050928_ogwf.pdf)
Taken together, .......supply of another.
Industrial agriculture is the primary cause of global warming – extinction is inevitable without a greater diffusion of organic agricultural practices
Ronnie Cummins, International Director of the Organic Consumers Association, 10/7/10
(Agriculture and Human Survival: The Road Beyond 10/10/10, http://www.commondreams.org/view/2010/10/07-9)
Despite decades of....... doomed to reside in Climate Hell.
Warming is real – scientific consensus proves deniers are wrong
Lewandowsky and Ashley 11 (Stephan, Professor of Cognitive Studies at the University of Western Australia, and Michael, Professor of Astrophysics at the University of New South Wales, “The false, the confused and the mendacious: how the media gets it wrong on climate change,” http://theconversation.edu.au/the-false-the-confused-and-the-mendacious-how-the-media-gets-it-wrong-on-climate-change-1558, 6/24/11)
Certainty in science......... withstood the test of time.
Plan
The United States federal government should substantially increase its economic engagement toward Cuba by lifting provisions of the economic embargo of Cuba which prevent trade in organic agricultural products.
Solvency
Plan increases bilateral trade in organics
Copeland, Jolly, and Thompson 11- Cassandra Copeland, Curtis Jolly, Henry Thompson, professors of economics, business, and trade at the University of Auburn (2011, “Journal of economics and business”, PDF, Auburn, Accessed 6/27/13, http://www.auburn.edu/~thomph1/cubahistory.pdf)
Cuba has substantial .......grains with a lifted embargo.
Entrance into the global market won’t cause Cuban abandonment of agroecology - they’ll be able to outcompete industrial models and promote global adoption
Christina Cornell, Research Associate at Council on Hemispheric Affairs, 4/17/09
(Cuba Elevates Urban Gardening to a Cause, http://www.thecuttingedgenews.com/index.php?article=11525)
Many worry whether ..... through competitive transactions and trade.
The plan generates much needed capital for Cuban organic agriculture and leads to US adoption which fuels worldwide adoption
Jacob Shkolnick, JD Candidate at Drake, Fall 2012
(SIN EMBARGO: n1 THE CUBAN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR THE UNITED STATES” 17 Drake J. Agric. L. 683, lexis)
While investment in Cuban ..... urban agriculture to flourish.
Discourse isn’t first – it trades-off with concrete environmentalism
Kidner 2K (David, Professor of Psychology, Nature and Psyche, p. 66-7)
Noam Chomsky has n..... to industrialism.
The state is here to say—only by engaging it can new systems of ecological governance emerge
Eckersley 4 (Robyn, Department of Political Science – University of Melbourne, The Green State: Rethinking Democracy And Sovereignty, p. 5-6)
While acknowledging ..... to ecological sustainability would seem to be
Predictions are good and inevitable
Kurasawa‘4
(Professor of Sociology, York University of Toronto, Fuyuki, Constellations Volume 11, No 4, 2004). SAS
Independently of this c......about the here and now.
Political responsibility requires a consideration of consequences
Jeffrey Isaac, James H. Rudy Professor of Political Science and director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life at Indiana University, Bloomington, Spring 2002, Dissent, vol. 49, no. 2
As writers such as .......political commitment.
Extinction rhetoric is good – key to survival
Matheny ‘7
Jason, Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. “Reducing the Risk of Human Extinction.” Risk Analysis. Vol 27, No 5, 2007, http://www.upmc-biosecurity.org/website/resources/publications/2007_orig-articles/2007-10-15-reducingrisk.html
9. Conclusion We may ....... risk-reducing projects.