Tournament: St Marks | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Polytechnic AA | Judge: Paul Johnson, David Herman, Ryan Galloway
The notion that travel is essential to deliberative democracy relegates those with mobility disabilities to the periphery and reinforces ablenormative structures.
Imrie University of London Geography Professor 2000
(Rob Imrie, January 6, 2000 Environment and Planning A 2000, volume 32, Disability and discourses of mobility and movement http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=a331 pg. 1641-1642 accessed 7-6-12 BC)

The inequities of mobility and movement are connected to sociocultural values and practices which prioritise
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in addition, see Abberley, 1987; Paterson and Hughes, 1999).

The understanding of democracy in the 1AC is incomplete and erases disability – expanding democratic theory to account for different forms of embodiment is key
Clifford 2011 (Stacy, “Making disability public in deliberative democracy”, Contemporary Political Theory (2012) 11, 211–228. doi:10.1057/cpt.2011.11; published online 26 July 2011)
Disabled speech affects persons who are refused the opportunity to speak because their mode of
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informal and formal public confrontations of difference to overturn negative assumptions surrounding disability.

Their idea of deliberative democracy is flawed—understanding of disability is a prerequisite to solvency
Longmore, professor of history and director of the Institute on Disability, ‘9
(Paul K.,“Making Disability and Essential Part of American History,” Organization of American Historians Magazine of History, Volume: 23, Issue 3, 2009, P. 14, LPS).

Expanding on Baynton's valuable observations, history teachers and historians would do well to consider
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American state without examining the function of “disability” in its development.

Ableism is an oppressive structure of domination that must be rejected.  
Siebers 9 -  University of Michigan, Professor of Literary and Cultural Criticism, Tobin (“The Aesthetics of Human Disqualification”, Oct 28, Lecture, http://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=1andved=0CCoQFjAAandurl=http3A2F2Fdisabilities.temple.edu2Fmedia2Fds2Flecture20091028siebersAesthetics_FULL.docandei=LWz4T6jyN8bHqAHLkY2LCQandusg=AFQjCNGdkDuSJkRXMHgbXqvuyyeDpldVcQandsig2=UCGDC4tHbeh2j7-Yce9lsA, accessed 7/7/12)

Oppression is the systematic victimization of one group by another. It is a form
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represents at this moment in time the final frontier of justifiable human inferiority.

Vote neg to make ableism irredemable
Cherney 2011 (James, Professor of Rhetoric at Wayne, “The Rhetoric of Ableism,” Wayne State University Disability studies Quarterly, Voc 31, No 3)
If we locate the problem in disability, then the ableist absolves his or her
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can reform ableist culture by using rhetoric to craft awareness and political action.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Hendrickson TG | Judge: Stephanie Garrett
Obama is taking a hard line stance against Cuba now – the plan is perceived as appeasement
Forero 1/22/13 - NPR's South America correspondent and The Washington Post's correspondent for Colombia and Venezuela (Juan, “Obama's Unfinished Business: Latin America”, January 22 of 2013, NPR, http://www.npr.org/2013/01/22/169980241/obamas-unfinished-business-latin-america)

FORERO: Well, I think there's two policy shifts in Cuba that are super
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, the Cuban-American community, particularly in Florida, does vote.
Engagement with Cuba sends a signal of appeasement.
Rubin 11 (Jennifer, Obama’s Cuba appeasement, Washington Post, p. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/post/obamas-cuba-appeasement/2011/03/29/gIQAjuL2tL_blog.html)

The administration’s conduct is all the more galling given the behavior of the Castro regime
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to throw gifts to tyrants in the expectation they will reciprocate in kind.
Appeasement causes credibility loss worldwide
Hanson 09 (American military historian, columnist and the Martin and Illie Anderson Senior Fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution, Victor, “Change, Weakness, Disaster, Obama: Answers from Victor Davis Hanson”, December 7 of 2009, Interview between Bernard Chapin and Hanson, http://pjmedia.com/blog/change-weakness-disaster-obama-answers-from-victor-davis-hanson/)

BC: Are we currently sending a message of weakness to our foes and allies
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tiger and now no one quite knows whom it will bite or when.

Credibility solves every nuclear war and extinction
Coes 11  (Ben, a former speechwriter in the George H.W. Bush administration, managed Mitt Romney’s successful campaign for Massachusetts Governor in 2002 and author, “The disease of a weak president”, The Daily Caller, http://dailycaller.com/2011/09/30/the-disease-of-a-weak-president/)

The disease of a weak president usually begins with the Achilles’ heel all politicians are
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one or the other. The status quo is simply not an option.

Tournament: Pace RR | Round: 7 | Opponent: Carrollton RG | Judge: Aaron Kall, Whit Whitmore
Text: The United States federal government should establish a nitrogen fertilizer tax of 16 cents per pound of nitrogen, and use the revenue from that tax to provide loan guarantees for farmers to procure biocharcoal technology.
A fertilizer tax plus subsidy would incentivize farmers to shift to biochar.
Tom Konrad, 12/14/2009. PhD Mathematics @ Purdue, CFA, financial analyst, freelance writer, and policy wonk specializing in renewable energy and energy efficiency. “The Nitrogen-Biochar Link,” Clean Energy Wonk, http://cleanenergywonk.com/2009/12/14/the-nitrogen-biochar-link/.

Biochar, used as a soil amendment, improves water and nutrient uptake by plants
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we can buy them off by using the revenue for a biochar subsidy?
Solves warming
Technology Review, 4/26/2007. “The Case for Burying Charcoal,” published by MIT, http://www.technologyreview.com/news/407754/the-case-for-burying-charcoal/.

Several states in this country and a number of Scandinavian countries are trying to supplant
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observed to reduce nitrous-oxide emissions from cultivated soil by 40 percent."

Tournament: Pace RR | Round: 7 | Opponent: Carrollton RG | Judge: Aaron Kall, Whit Whitmore
The Export Import Bank of the United States should substantially increase financing for advanced biofuels in Brazil.
Brazil solves and replaces domestic corn ethanol
Edelstein, 13 Stephen, graduated from Clark University in 2011 with an M.A. in American History. He was the Editor in Chief of Clark's student newspaper, The Scarlet. Stephen enjoys all things historical, science-fictional, and transportation-related, guest reporter for Christian Science Monitor, 9/21, Accessed on 10/29/13, http://www.csmonitor.com/Business/In-Gear/2013/0921/Is-Brazilian-sugarcane-the-answer-to-U.S.-biofuel-needs, Christian Science Monitor, “Is Brazilian sugarcane the answer to U.S. biofuel needs?” | ADM
Brazil believes ethanol made from sugarcane can supplement corn-based ethanol produced in the
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tell whether Americans will want any of that extra government-mandated ethanol.¶

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Pace HP | Judge: Batterman, Sergent-Leventhal, Miller
The affirmative’s assumption of the nation-state as the natural unit of politics is self-constitutive and reinscribes methodological nationalism
Oates 10—Ph.D. candidate in political science at The Ohio State University March 3, 2010, John Oates, “Methodological Nationalism in International Theory:  Rethinking Sovereignty as Constituent Power,” Draft for Research in International Politics

The Problem of Methodological Nationalism The term methodological nationalism was first employed by Herminio Martins
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theory is continue to provide critical and relevant knowledge about international political life.
National identity prevents an effective response to global problems—only articulating a shared identity can prevent extinction.
Smith 3—the Christopher H. Browne Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania and PhD Harvard University 2003, Rogers Smith, Stories Of Peoplehood: The Politics and Morals of Political Membership, Cambridge University Press, p. 166-169

It is certainly important to oppose such evolutionary doctrines by all intellectually credible means.
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Kymlicka, Iris Young, William Connolly, and Jürgen Habermas all envision.

The alternative is a criticism of the 1AC’s reliance on methodological nationalism—this opens up space for cosmopolitanism and transforms society.
Delanty 6—Professor of Sociology in the University of Liverpool 2006, Gerard Delanty, “The cosmopolitan imagination: critical cosmopolitanism and social theory,” The British Journal of Sociology, Volume 57, Issue 1, Accessed online at: http://www.oneworlduv.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/cosmopolitan_imagination.pdf

The micro dimension of cosmopolitanism concerns individual agency and social identities, that is aspects
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discursive spaces of world openness and thus in resisting both globalization and nationalism.

Our framework is to investigate methodology before policy recommendations—rejecting methodological nationalism creates a new research agenda that advances cosmopolitanism.
Beck and Sznaider 6— *professor of sociology at Munich's Ludwig-Maximilian University and the London School of Economics, and author of World at Risk AND Professor of Sociology in the School of Behavioral Sciences at the Academic College of Tel-Aviv-Yaffo, Israel 2006, Ulrich Beck and Natan Sznaider, “Unpacking cosmopolitanism for the social sciences: a research agenda,” The British Journal of Sociology, Volume 57 Issue 1, Accessed Online at: http://promusica.se/Library/Electronic20texts/Beck_Sznaider2006.pdf

Methodological nationalism takes the following premises for granted: it equates societies with nation-
AND
if the social sciences want to avoid becoming a museum of antiquated ideas.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Notre Dame AB | Judge: Toby Wisenhunt
The credibility thesis present in the 1AC rests on the cult of reputation. In reality, the assumptions of credibility theory are patently false
Tang January-March 2005 (Shiping, Associate Research Fellow and Deputy Director of the Center for Regional Security Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing, Co-director of the Sino-American Security Dialogue, “Reputation, Cult of Reputation, and International Conflict,” Security Studies, Volume 14, Number 1) 

Two implicitly related notions underpin this belief system. The first notion is that one’s
AND
should clearly apply; their own actions negate the logic of their belief.
Belief in credibility primes the pump for intervention and crisis escalation
Tang January-March 2005 (Shiping, Associate Research Fellow and Deputy Director of the Center for Regional Security Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing, Co-director of the Sino-American Security Dialogue, “Reputation, Cult of Reputation, and International Conflict,” Security Studies, Volume 14, Number 1) 

DECISIONMAKERS’ PERSISTENT CONCERN for losing reputation has brought unnecessary bloodiness to international politics: too
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to deter war cannot deter, and preventable war cannot be prevented.60

The alternative is to question the affirmative’s belief in credibility.
Critique is vital to informed and rational foreign policy prescriptions
Fettweis August 2010 (Christopher J. Fettweis, Assistant Professor of National Security Affairs in the National Security Decision Making Department at the U.S. Naval War College, holds a Ph.D. in International Relations and Comparative Politics from the University of Maryland-College Park, Associate Professor of Political Science at Tulane University, “The Remnants of Honor: Pathology, Credibility and U.S. Foreign Policy”, SSRN)

In sum, when the credibility imperative drives policy, states fearful of catastrophic future
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the urge to act in order to bolster the credibility of our commitments.

Tournament: Emory | Round: Doubles | Opponent: River Hill SS | Judge: Judy Butler, Christina Tallungan, Eric Oddo
Decolonization is not a metaphor – their attempt to de-colonize “education” – “methodology” and “debate” violently re-inscribes white settler ideology
Tuck and Yang 2012 (Eve and Wayne, “Decolonization is not a metaphor”, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. 1-40)
Our goal in this article is to remind readers what is unsettling about decolonization.
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coalescence of social justice endeavors, making room for more meaningful potential alliances.
Using decolonization as a metaphor sanitizes and erases white settler guilt – even if anti-racist movements seem compatible with decolonization – THEIR deployment in THIS space is problematic and counterproductive
Tuck and Yang 2012 (Eve and Wayne, “Decolonization is not a metaphor”, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. 1-40)

Alongside this work, we have been thinking about what decolonization means, what it
AND
educational equity. In this essay, we think about what decolonization wants.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 4 | Opponent: Bishop Guertin SZ | Judge: Brett Lind
Restricting detention creates a perverse incentive for drone use—that’s worse and flips any legitimacy advantage
Gartenstein-Ross 12—Daveed Gartenstein-Ross, J.D. from NYU School of Law, is the Director of the Center for the Study of Terrorist Radicalization at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, a Washington-based think tank. He frequently consults on counter-terrorism for various government agencies as well as the private sector Dec 4 2012, “Gitmo's Troubling Afterlife: The Global Consequences of U.S. Detention Policy,” http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/12/gitmos-troubling-afterlife-the-global-consequences-of-us-detention-policy/265862/

One option, of course, is ending preventive detention entirely, which is favored
AND
thus that the problems inherent to detaining unprivileged belligerents will have gone unaddressed.

Restriction on detention cause a shift to drones—complex systems theory proves
Crandall 13—Carla Crandall, Law Clerk to the Honorable Carolyn Dineen King, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit; J.D., J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University 2013, “If You Can't Beat Them, Kill Them: Complex Adaptive Systems Theory and the Rise in Targeted Killing,” Seton Hall Law Review, 43 Seton Hall L. Rev. 595, Lexis

On January 11, 2002, the first group of detainees captured by the United
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that can arise as a result of human intervention into complex adaptive systems.

Politics requires a higher level of attention to detail—means consequences aren’t just “blackmail” they’re a reality you have to confront
Issac 2—Professor of Political Science at Indiana-Bloomington, Director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life, PhD from Yale Jeffery C., Dissent Magazine, Vol. 49, Iss. 2, “Ends, Means, and Politics,” p. Proquest

As a result, the most important political questions are simply not asked. It
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not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness.

Tournament: Pace RR | Round: 5 | Opponent: Niles West NP | Judge: Elyse Conklin, Dana Randall
Their economic crisis rhetoric creates a state of exception which eliminates deliberation and justifies totalitarianism
Joshua Stanley Hanan 10 – PHD communication studies, professor of communication at Temple University (“Managing the Meltdown Rhetorically: Economic Imaginaries and the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008” dissertation The University of Texas at Austin ajones)
 Mediating Economic Realities: Ethical Pragmatism When Bush addressed the American public on September
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on a different model of the state of exception that is more justifiable.
The state of exception and belief in ‘ethical pragmatism’ justifies autocracy and turns neoliberalism upon itself
Joshua Stanley Hanan 10 – PHD communication studies, professor of communication at Temple University (“Managing the Meltdown Rhetorically: Economic Imaginaries and the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008” dissertation The University of Texas at Austin)

 The State of Exception The state of exception has gained increased popularity as a
AND
constitution of the state of exception in both the expert and policy sector. 

Vote neg to reject the rhetorical framing of the 1ac
It is impossible to derive stability and ethics from a starting point of rationality—instead, we should start from a position of rhetoric and deliberation
Deirdre Nansen McCloskey 11- Departments of Economics, History, English, and Communication, University of Illinois at Chicago (The Rhetoric of the Economy and the Polity” Annual Review of Political Science Vol. 14: 181-199 June 2011 ajones)
The dream of wordless honesty that underlies criticisms by George Soros and others of the
AND
over, a former parrot, he is merely pining for the fjords.

Tournament: Harvard RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: Brophy MS | Judge: Brian Manuel
Benign neglect keeps the US out of the region—their author says it locks out trade, foreign aid, and security cooperation
Wiarda 1999 (Howard J., “United States Policy Toward Latin America: A New Era of Benign Neglect”, in Neighborly Adversaries: Readings in U.S.-Latin American Relations, Ed Michael LaRosa and Frank O. Mora, p.257-263)

The New Issue Given the new, often disparaging, climate in Washington regarding Latin
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security interests and involvement in the area will be occasional rather than constant.
Foreign aid bankrolls corrupt governments who underserve the poor, exacerbating income divides and endlessly deferring needed reforms—consequences matter 

Bovard 1/31/1986 (James, lecturer, author of Attention Deficit Democracy, and eight other books, “The Continuing Failure of Foreign Aid”, http://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/continuing-failure-foreign-aid)

Instead of breaking the “endless cycle of poverty,” foreign aid has become the
AND
helping to underwrite an individual’s—or a country’s— self-destruction.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: Finals | Opponent: Lexington KF | Judge: Josh Gonzalez, Colin Quinn, Ryan Galloway
The United States federal government should condition substantially increasing its infrastructure assistance toward Mexico through the North American Development Bank on ending human rights abuses by Mexican forces. The United States federal government should enact a periodic certification process to determine that abuses are effectively investigated and prosecuted.

Aid without human rights conditions send the message that US condones torture and violence – turns the aff and reinforces organized crime
WOLA 10 - (Washington Office of Latin America- contains multiple experts on human rights abuse in latin america and quotes the state department's report "Congress: Withhold Funds for Mexico Tied to Human Rights Performance" 9/14/10, http://www.wola.org/publications/congress_withhold_funds_for_mexico_tied_to_human_rights_performance)//AP
However, research conducted by our respective organizations, Mexico’s National Human Rights Commission,
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established by Congress, particularly those dealing with prosecuting military abuses and torture:

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lane Tech | Judge: Tracy McFarland
Nuclear deal with Iran coming.  Obama is holding off new sanctions from congress that would torpedo the deal – its all about politics.
CBS NEWS 11 – 13 – 13 Obama administration seeks time from Congress for Iran diplomacy, http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-250_162-57612230/obama-administration-seeks-time-from-congress-for-iran-diplomacy/

The Obama administration is pleading with Congress to allow more time for diplomacy with Iran
AND
Cohen, will join them for a separate briefing with Senate Democratic leaders.

The standing of the executive is the crucial internal link – key to hold off hawks in congress.  Vital internal to overall US nuclear leadership
LEVERETT 11 – 7 – 13 Profs of International Relations – Penn State and American University Flynt Leverett and Hillary Mann Leverett, America’s Moment of Truth on Iran , http://iranian.com/posts/view/post/23789

America’s Iran policy is at a crossroads. Washington can abandon its counterproductive insistence on
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standing as a great power depends significantly on his readiness to do so.

Plan kills Obama’s agenda
KRINER 10—Assistant professor of political science at Boston University Douglas L. Kriner, “After the Rubicon: Congress, Presidents, and the Politics of Waging War”, pg. 276-77

One of the mechanisms by which congressional opposition influences presidential cost-benefit calculations is
AND
opposition to the war in Iraq appears to have had the predicted effect. 

US/Iran war and Iranian prolif
WORLD TRIBUNE 11 – 13 – 13 Obama said to suspend Iran sanctions without informing Congress, http://www.worldtribune.com/2013/11/13/obama-said-to-suspend-iran-sanctions-without-informing-congress/

The administration has also pressured Congress to suspend plans for new sanctions legislation against Iran
AND
for right now is a pause, a temporary pause, in sanctions.”
Iran war escalates
White, July/August 2011 (Jeffrey—defense fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, What Would War With Iran Look Like, National Interest, p. http://www.the-american-interest.com/article-bd.cfm?piece=982)

A U.S.-Iranian war would probably not be fought by the United
AND
beyond, complicating both U.S. military operations and coalition diplomacy.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: Octas | Opponent: Centennial KK | Judge: Quigley, Oddo, Lingel
Turn—commodification: trading autobiography for the ballot commodifies one’s identity and has limited impact on the culture that one attempt’s to reform—when narrative “wins,” it subverts its own most radical intentions by becoming an exemplar of the very culture under indictment—(that turns their model minority arguments)
Coughlin 95—Anne M. Coughlin, Associate Professor of Law, Vanderbilt Law School August, 1995, “Regulating the Self: Autobiographical Performances in Outsider Scholarship,” Virginia Law Review, 81 Va. L. Rev. 1229, Lexis

Although Williams is quick to detect insensitivity and bigotry in remarks made by strangers,
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Sacvan Bercovitch, “to have your dissent and make it too.” n205

Turn—Autobiography is easily coopted by liberalism.  Autobiography IS the practice of the liberal autonomous subject par excellence—this same notion of the liberal subject has historically been responsible for the Western conquest of the world.  Even if their best intention is to resist the liberal subject, autobiography is understood by its consuming audience as the assertion of the classic autonomous subject—this subverts the political potential of performance by rendering one’s experience intelligible to the terms of the audience.
Coughlin 95—Anne M. Coughlin, Associate Professor of Law, Vanderbilt Law School August, 1995, “Regulating the Self: Autobiographical Performances in Outsider Scholarship,” Virginia Law Review, 81 Va. L. Rev. 1229, Lexis

IV. The Autobiographical Self
The outsider narratives do not reflect on another feature of autobiographical discourse that is perhaps
AND
, rather than subvert, autobiographical protagonists that serve the values of liberalism.

Turn—they collapse all politics into the personal.  Appeals to personal experience replace analysis of group oppression with personal testimony.  As a result, politics becomes a policing operation—those not in an identity group are denied intellectual access and those within the group who don’t conform to the aff’s terms are excluded.  Over time, this strategy LIMITS politics to ONLY the personal.  This devastates structural change, and turns the case—it demands that political performance assimilate to very limited norms of experience
Joan SCOTT Harold F. Linder Professor at the School of Social Science in the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton 92 “Multiculturalism and the Politics of Identity” October Summer p. 16-19

The logic of individualism has structured the approach to multiculturalism in many ways. The
AND
or subaltern) in relation to whatever is taken as majority or dominant.

Turn—personal experience isn’t bad for debate, but debate is bad for personal experience—it forces you, the judge, to render the value of a person’s intimate and many times traumatic experiences—this is epistemically violent and turns the case
Judith BUTLER is Maxine Elliot Professor in the Departments of Rhetoric and Comparative Literature at the University of California, Berkeley, 1 “Giving an Account of Oneself,” Diacritics 31.4 (2001) 22-40, Project Muse

But here, and for the time being, my concern is with a suspect
AND
possible, as if the break could be mended and defensive mastery restored?

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 5 | Opponent: New Trier LO | Judge: Sara Sanchez
The affirmative is confined to the dominant discourse of transnational capital. The affirmative buys into a system which produces unethical policy based on the short term logic of growth. This causes economic crisis and environmental destruction
Makwana 06 (Rajesh, STWR, 23rd November 06, http://www.stwr.org/globalization/neoliberalism-and-economic-globalization.html)

Neoliberalism and Economic Globalization¶ The goal of neoliberal economic globalization is the removal of
AND
They would then be in a better position to compete in international markets.¶ 

The impact is extinction
Werlhof 08 (Claudia von Werlhof, Professor at the Institute of Political Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Austria. 2/1/08. "The Consequences of Globalization and Neoliberal Policies. What are the Alternatives?" Centre for Reseach on Globalization. www.globalresearch.ca/the-consequences-of-globalization-and-neoliberal-policies-what-are-the-alternatives/7973)
At the center of both old and new economic liberalism lies “self-interest
AND
seems ironic that the magistrate of Vienna invites us in November 2005 to discuss
The alternative is a process of critique that challenges the ideology of capital by prioritizing human development over production. The perm renders the alt unworkable by obscuring a true understanding of global power structures.
Lebowitz 07 (Michael A. Lebowitz is author of Beyond Capital: Marx’s Political Economy of the Working Class (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), Build It Now: Socialism for the Twenty-First Century (Monthly Review Press, 2006), and The Socialist Alternative: Real Human Development (Monthly Review Press, forthcoming in 2008). Portions of this essay were presented as “Going Beyond Survival: Making the Social Economy a Real Alternative” at the Fourth International Meeting of the Solidarity Economy, July 21–23, 2006, at the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, “Venezuela: A Good Example of the Bad Left of Latin America”, http://monthlyreview.org/2007/07/01/venezuela-a-good-example-of-the-bad-left-of-latin-america, Accessed 6-24-13)

What constitutes a real alternative to capitalism? I suggest that it is a society
AND
of capital and also ideologically arming and mobilizing people to build that alternative.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Hendrickson TG | Judge: Stephanie Garrett
There is no connection between the affirmative’s normative prescription and any practical worldly effect—vote neg on presumption
Pierre Schlag, Professor of Law at the University of Colorado, 1990 (“Normative and Nowhere to Go,” Stanford Law Review (43 Stan. L. Rev. 167), November, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)
But then again, that is precisely one of my points. And there is
AND
a position to put any of its wonderful normative advice into effect. 32
This role confusion makes us complicit with real pain and death
Pierre Schlag, Professor of Law at the University of Colorado, 1990 (“Normative and Nowhere to Go,” Stanford Law Review (43 Stan. L. Rev. 167), November, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)
In fact, as a further step in this degeneration/development, it now
AND
world where normative legal thought is already largely the bureaucratic logic of institutions.

Tournament: Pace RR | Round: 7 | Opponent: Carrollton RG | Judge: Aaron Kall, Whit Whitmore
The United States federal government should eliminate corn-based ethanol targets and cap the amount of ethanol that can be blended into gasoline at 10 percent, while requiring the government to set targets for cellulosic ethanol use at levels of actual production. The United States federal government should repeal the Renewable Fuel Standard.
The CP destroys corn ethanol
Mead 1AC Author 4/11/13 (Walter Russell, Professor of Foreign Affairs and Humanities at Bard College, co-founder of the New American Foundation, “Is the End in Sight for America’s Biofuel Boondoggle?”, http://blogs.the-american-interest.com/wrm/2013/04/11/is-the-end-in-sight-for-americas-biofuel-boondoggle/)

Did we just hear the death knell for corn ethanol? Congress may finally be
AND
ethanol. These bills could be the fatal blow we’ve been waiting for.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Hendrickson TG | Judge: Stephanie Garrett
Enmity is build into very existence, to deny this invites annihilation and perpetual warfare.
Harris 04 – Essayist for Policy Review (Lee, Policy Review is one of America's leading conservative journals. It was founded by the Heritage Foundation and was for many years the foundation's flagship publication. In 2001, the publication was acquired by the Stanford, California-based Hoover Institution, though it maintains its office on Washington, D.C.'s Dupont Circle. “Civilization and its Enemies”, http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1260214/posts, MT)

This is why all utopian projects are set either on a distant island or in
AND
to totalitarian takeover, from warrior gangs to the threat of nuclear annihilation.

True political struggle necessitates friend enemy dichotomies, this is in sharp contrast to dehumanizing liberalism.
Strong 96 – Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego.  (Tracy, Prof. of Political Science @ Univ. of California, San Diego, 1996, Foreward: Dimensions of a New Debate around Carl Schmitt, to Carl Schmitt’s Concept of the Political, Univ. of Chicago Press: Chicago, p. xiii-xvii, MT)

Schmitt's conception of the political stands in opposition to his conception of "political romanticism
AND
"order of human things," where the important word is "human."
Infinite ethical obligation in politics gets co-opted - justifies violent foreign intervention and selective ethical responsibility
Meister, Politics Professor, 05. Bob Meister: Professor of Politics at the University of California, Santa Cruz, teaches political and moral philosophy, social thought, institutional analysis, and jurisprudence. 2005. Project Muse. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/postmodern_culture/v015/15.2meister.html

Since the fall of communism, there has been a growing literature on the responsibility
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to the ethical as a refusal to withhold one's empathy selectively on political grounds

Tournament: St Marks | Round: Octas | Opponent: Niles West NP | Judge: DHeidt, Voss, Josh Gonzalez
Their security discourse sanitizes global destruction by proliferating symptom-focused solutions to global power imbalances—-causes cycles of violence that make global warfare and extinction inevitable, try or die for structural critique
Ahmed 12 Dr. Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed is Executive Director of the Institute for Policy Research and Development (IPRD), an independent think tank focused on the study of violent conflict, he has taught at the Department of International Relations, University of Sussex "The international relations of crisis and the crisis of international relations: from the securitisation of scarcity to the militarisation of society" Global Change, Peace 26 Security Volume 23, Issue 3, 2011 Taylor Francis
Complicity This analysis thus calls for a broader approach to environmental security based on retrieving
AND
, effective, and joined-up policy-making on these issues.

vote neg to reject their framing of security—critical evaluation must come before policy and conceptual framing has greater effect than specific action
Bruce 96 (Robert, Associate Professor in Social Science – Curtin University and Graeme Cheeseman, Senior Lecturer – University of New South Wales, Discourses of Danger and Dread Frontiers, p. 5-9)
This goal is pursued in ways which are still unconventional in the intellectual milieu of
AND
resistant to them, or choose not to understand them, and why?

Tournament: Blake | Round: 5 | Opponent: College Prep FP | Judge: Mary Gregg
Cuba is a flagrant, willful, and persistent violator of human rights — repression is worsening.
Miami Herald 13 — Miami Herald, 2013 (“Human rights under abuse in Cuba,” Editorial, April 22nd, Available Online at http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/04/22/3358813/human-rights-under-abuse-in-cuba.html#storylink=cpy, Accessed 07-03-2013)
The State Department’s latest report on human-rights practices effectively puts the lie to
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who demand a genuinely free Cuba. Fundamental reform? Not a chance.

Reject engagement with human rights abusers — moral duty to shun.
Beversluis 89 — Eric H. Beversluis, Professor of Philosophy and Economics at Aquinas College, holds an A.B. in Philosophy and German from Calvin College, an M.A. in Philosophy from Northwestern University, an M.A. in Economics from Ohio State University, and a Ph.D. in the Philosophy of Education from Northwestern University, 1989 (“On Shunning Undesirable Regimes: Ethics and Economic Sanctions,” Public Affairs Quarterly, Volume 3, Number 2, April, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via JSTOR, p. 17-19)
A fundamental task of morality is resolving conflicting interests. If we both want the
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failure as tacit complicity in the willful, persistent, and flagrant immorality.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 5 | Opponent: College Prep FP | Judge: Mary Gregg
Hardline terror policies are necessary to prevent attacks
James Phillips 6, Frmr Research Fellow at the CRS. Senior Research Fellow for Middle Eastern Affairs at Council for Foreign Policy Studies. Bachelor’s in IR from Brown and Master’s in International Security Studies at Tufts, “The Evolving Al-Qaeda Threat,” 17 March 2006, http://www.heritage.org/research/homelandsecurity/hl928.cfm
Al-Qaeda's core group is disciplined, relentless, and fanatical and probably cannot
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fewer victims if the targeted countries stand firm and refuse to appease them.
High risk of nuke terror---escalates and turns the case because civil-liberties crackdowns
Vladimir Z. Dvorkin 12 Major General (retired), doctor of technical sciences, professor, and senior fellow at the Center for International Security of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences.  The Center participates in the working group of the U.S.-Russia Initiative to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism, 9/21/12, "What Can Destroy Strategic Stability: Nuclear Terrorism is a Real Threat," belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/22333/what_can_destroy_strategic_stability.html
Hundreds of scientific papers and reports have been published on nuclear terrorism. International conferences
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a common understanding of these threats and develop a strategy to combat them.
Terrorism causes extinction---hard-line responses are key  
Nathan Myhrvold 13, Phd in theoretical and mathematical physics from Princeton,  and founded Intellectual Ventures after retiring as chief strategist and chief technology officer of Microsoft Corporation , July 2013, "Stratgic Terrorism: A Call to Action," The Lawfare Research Paper Series No.2, http://www.lawfareblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Strategic-Terrorism-Myhrvold-7-3-2013.pdf
Several powerful trends have aligned to profoundly change the way that the world works.
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us with our shortcomings by repeatedly attacking us or hectoring us for decades.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: Finals | Opponent: Lexington KF | Judge: Josh Gonzalez, Colin Quinn, Ryan Galloway
Rhetorically framing the climate debate in terms of top down action, expert evidence, and apocalyptic risk destroys individual agency and turns solvency
Foust and Murphy 9-*Associate Professor in the Department of Human Communication Studies @ the University of Denver, PhD in Communication Studies @ University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, PhD in Communication Studies @ University of Denver (Christina, William, “Revealing and Reframing Apocalyptic Tragedy in Global Warming Discourse” A Journal of
Nature and Culture, Vol. 3, No. 2, pg. 163-165, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17524030902916624,
Second, we believe that careful attention to the various perspectives on time scale may
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change narrative from an apocalyptic tragedy to a more comic telos for humanity.

Catastrophic depictions of climate change gloss over the root cause of our environmental crisis and the ongoing destruction of life on earth.
Crist 7 Eileen Crist, Associate Professor of Science and Technology in Society at Virginia Tech University, 2007, “Beyond the Climate Crisis: A Critique of Climate Change Discourse,” Telos, Volume 141, Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Telos Press, p. 33-36

While the dangers of climate change are real, I argue that there are even
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to—will barely address—the ongoing destruction of life on Earth.

Vote neg to reject the logic of sustainable development
Doremus, 2000-The Rhetoric and Reality of Nature Protection: Toward a New Discourse  NAME: Holly Doremus *  BIO: Professor of Law, University of California at Davis. J.D., 57 Wash and Lee L. Rev. 11, *  Washington and Lee Law Review  Winter, 2000 

The second-generation discourse should not emphasize the role of nature as a material
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which can address nature's other contributions to a fulfilling and honorable human life.