Tournament: LAMDL 1 | Round: 1 | Opponent: DMHS | Judge:
Inverse Diplomacy DA
Assad will win the war- rebels are losing and multilateral support is unlikely
Sobel, 13 (Max, Fourth year politics student at the University of Nottingham, with a penchant for world affairs, "Syrian Civil War- Rebels Have Little Hope Left", 7/29/13, http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/max-sobell/syria-war-rebels_b_3671463.html)
Syrian President Bashar al-Assad’s victory over the rebels seems almost assured now.
AND
. The rebels however, are splintered, withered and beyond the pale.
US support in Latin American boosts foreign policy credibility and influence
Noriega, ’12 ~10/22/12, Roger Noriega is a Mexican-American, visiting fellow at the conservative think tank American Enterprise Institute. He has served as a U.S. diplomat and policy maker, specializing in Western Hemisphere Affairs, "Latin America is crucial to US competitiveness", http://www.aei-ideas.org/2012/10/latin-america-is-crucial-to-us-competitiveness/-http://www.aei-ideas.org/2012/10/latin-america-is-crucial-to-us-competitiveness/~~
A stable and prosperous Americas is indispensable to US economic success and security. However
AND
must recognize this reality and act to take full advantage of the opportunities.
US will only intervene with multilateral support
Sileo, 13 (Alexander, Senior International Affairs and Psychology double major and writer for Georgia Political Review, "Saving Multilateral Diplomacy", 4/1/13, http://georgiapoliticalreview.com/saving-multilateral-diplomacy/)
The United States must begin utilizing multilateral initiatives in order to strengthen democratic institutions and
AND
must save multilateral diplomacy in order to save itself on the world stage.
Only a multilateral approach to Syria will work kinda
NY Times, 13 (Daniel Kurtzer, "Obama Can’t Go It Alone in Syria", 5/2/13, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/03/opinion/obama-cant-go-it-alone-in-syria.html)
Before making a momentous decision on intervention — especially if the president is considering unilateral
AND
their own backyard — the Muslim-majority Caucasus region of southern Russia.
Only multilateral approach can overthrow Assad
Rettig, 11 (Jessica, USA News, "Multilateral Moves May Weaken Assad in Syria", 8/9/11, http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2011/08/09/multilateral-moves-may-weaken-assad-in-syria-by-jessica-rettig)
Still, as international sanctions cut off the regime’s cash and as it loses support
AND
2005—such messages could add up to greater influence on the leader.
That support leads to a multilateral military intervention in Syria- only scenario for conflict
Stewart and Apps, 13 (Phil and Peter, Reuters, "Analysis: No good military options for U.S. in Syria", 4/27/13, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/27/us-usa-syria-military-options-idUSBRE93Q0C620130427)
Obama said on Friday that he would seek to mobilize the international community around Syria
AND
) choose, which I think would be limited, targeted air strike."
Syrian intervention causes chemical weapon attacks, middle east instability, Iran prolif, ethnic cleansing, and US- Russia proxy wars- all escalate to nuclear conflict
Strauss, 12 (Steve, Advanced leadership fellow Harvard University, "Ten Reasons We Should Be Cautious About Military Intervention in Syria"¨, 6-9-12, , http://www.huffingtonpost.com/steven-strauss/nine-reasons-we-should-be-cautious_b_1583732.html=
Reason 2: Syria has one of the world’s largest chemical weapons programs (an
AND
. Potentially, this could turn into a major regional war involving Iran.
Biopower K
Their economic calculations claims reinforce a normalizing mode of social control that requires individuals to submit to market values—this regulates the view of the market as an answer to all issues.
Hamann 09 (Trent, St. John’s University, Foucault Studes no 6, Neoliberalism, Governmentality, and Ethics, http://rauli.cbs.dk/index.php/foucault-studies/article/view/2471/2469)
Another significant feature of neoliberalism is its explicit acknowledgment of the fact that neither the
AND
and relations of power aimed at encouraging and reinforcing individual practices of subjectivation.
Internal Link: In a state of domination the body is fixed into a powerless side while having an asymmetrical relationship with the government. This technique of government is what allow them to inscribe anything that they deem fit
Lemke 2k ( Thomas, Member of the editorial board of the journal Foucault Studies, Foucault, Governmentality, and Critique) http://www.andosciasociology.net/resources/Foucault242C+Governmentality242C+and+Critique+IV-2.pdf
Domination is a particular type of power relationship that is both stable and hierarchical,
AND
state of domination (see Hindess 1996; Patton 1998, Lazzarato 2000).
Impact: Biopower is the foundation that guarantees the worst atrocities in human history. It allows, risks, and justifies the extinction of population via genocide and racism.
Stohler 95 (Anne, Professor of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Race and the education of desire: Foucault’s History of sexuality and the colonial order of things, , p. 81-82)
Biopower was defined as a power organized around the management of life, where wars
AND
the more you kill and let die, the more you will live."
The alternative is to care of oneself: engagement of oneself to practice self-disciple positively toward objective to power relation are key to breaking down bad form of biopower and move towards an effective way of producing knowledge. An engagement of stepping back and affirming ourselves as a creative force of change toward abandoning notion of normatively establish sovereign truths. This is the only effective way individuals can break away from the asymmetrical power dominance.
Clifford 01 (Michael Clifford, Political Genealogy After Foucault, , pg 144)
Foucault’s genealogical analyses reveal that " the self is not given to us"- there
AND
In this way subjectivity becomes, not a limitation, but an art.
Vote negative to enact resistance to discipline. We interrogate the role of power masked by the 1AC
MCHOUl and Grace 93 ( Alec and Wendy Melbourne University, A Foucault Primer: Discourse, Power, and the Subject)
For Foucault, resistance is more effective when it is directed at a technique’ of
AND
being opposed and the historical position of this relationship must be made explicit.
Diplomatic Capital DA
A. Kerry is making substantial progress in the Israeli-Palestine peace talks—he is devoting all of his time and effort to closing the deal
Gordon 6-29 (Michael R., New York Times reporter, June 29, 2013, "Kerry extends Israel trip amid speculation on peace talks" New York Times) http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/world/2013/06/29/kerry-extends-israel-trip-amid-speculation-peace-talks/WhI1jxBpkgzHTux3RMvCQM/story.html-http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/world/2013/06/29/kerry-extends-israel-trip-amid-speculation-peace-talks/WhI1jxBpkgzHTux3RMvCQM/story.html
¶ JERUSALEM — U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry extended his trip
AND
who has been a vocal and enthusiastic supporter of Kerry’s push to revive the
Engaging with Mexico requires diplomatic capital
Ayala 09 (Elaine, president of the San Antonio Association of Hispanic Journalists, 1-19-09, "Obama will have to ’invest’ diplomatically in Latin America" My San Antonio) http://blog.mysanantonio.com/latinlife/2009/01/obama-will-have-to-invest-diplomatically-in-latin-america/
The Washington Post writes a tough editorial about President-elect Obama’s Latin America agenda
AND
and urgent interest in investing some of his diplomatic capital in Latin America."
Diplomatic capital is finite – each new issue trades off with another one
Anderson and Grewell 2000
(Terry L., Executive Director of the Property and Environment Research Center, J. Bishop, former research associate for PERC. He is a graduate of Stanford University, the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, and Northwestern Law School, "The Greening of Foreign Policy", PERC Policy Series: PS-20, December 2000, http://www.perc.org/pdf/ps20.pdf-http://www.perc.org/pdf/ps20.pdf)
Greater international environmental regulation can increase international tension. Foreign policy is a bag of
AND
our allies, securing vital resources, and ensuring access to foreign economies."
Failure of the Peace Process causes terrorism
Jerome Slater, professor of political science at SUNY at Buffalo, Winter 1998 (Political Science Quarterly "Netanyahu, a Palestinian state, and Israeli security reassessed" Vol. 112, Issue 4 ebsco)
Israel has had to live with what I shall call conventional terrorism since the early
AND
Palestinian opinion and diminish the incentives of the Palestinian Authority to control them.
Unchecked terrorism means extinction
Harvey Gordon, Visiting Lecturer, Forensic Psychiatry, Tel Aviv University, Psychiatric Bulletin, v. 26, 2002, p. 285-287, online: http://pb.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/full/26/8/285.
Although terrorism throughout human history has been tragic, until relatively recently it has been
AND
can be remedied by the mass destruction of life, including their own.
Hegemony DA
A. China-Russia Relations are low now
Richard Rousseau, Contributor and writer for the Diplomatic Courier (DC) A Global Affairs Magazine| 20 February 2013 http://www.diplomaticourier.com/news/topics/economy/1357-http://www.diplomaticourier.com/news/topics/economy/1357
Historically, Russia-China relations have been characterized by long periods of mistrust,
AND
Kremlin to cooperate with China in that region and on the world stage.
B. US heg causes improved China-Russia relations
Paul Roberts ’7 ("US Hegemony Spawns Russian-Chinese Military Alliance" http://www.lewrockwell.com/roberts/roberts218.html)
This week the Russian and Chinese militaries are
AND
about why the US must use its military superiority to assert hegemony over Russia and China.
C. Increased China-Russia relations lead to cyber warfare against the US
Dr. Richard Weitz ’11 ("China-Russia relations and the United States: At a turning point?" http://en.rian.ru/valdai_op/20110414/163523421.html-http://en.rian.ru/valdai_op/20110414/163523421.html, 4/14)
Chinese and Russian leaders also have developed shared perspectives and independent offensive capabilities regarding governmental activities in the cyber domain
AND
deny Internet resources to civil liberties groups and other opponents of their regimes.
D. Cyber warfare can cripple our infrastructure, and mess with our military and economy – outweighs the case
Chris Nickson ’10 ("Cyber-warfare danger still on the rise and the authorities don’t know how to fight it" http://www.techradar.com/news/internet/cyber-warfare-danger-still-on-the-rise-668165-http://www.techradar.com/news/internet/cyber-warfare-danger-still-on-the-rise-668165, 2/4)
Cyber-warfare is likely to become a major weapon in conflicts between states
AND
at the same stage of intellectual development as we were in the 1950s in relation to possible nuclear war."
E. Global War
Zhou Wenzhong ’4 (PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs "Vigorously Pushing Forward the constructive and Cooperative Relationship Between China and the United States – In commemoration of the 25th anniversary of China-diplomatic relations" http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx/t64286.htm-http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx/t64286.htm, 2/7)
Both China and the US wield important influence in world affairs and shoulder major responsibility
AND
the relationship, there should be no insurmountable obstacles in the years ahead.
Inverse Diplomacy DA
Assad will win the war- rebels are losing and multilateral support is unlikely
Sobel, 13 (Max, Fourth year politics student at the University of Nottingham, with a penchant for world affairs, "Syrian Civil War- Rebels Have Little Hope Left", 7/29/13, http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/max-sobell/syria-war-rebels_b_3671463.html)
Syrian President Bashar al-Assad~’s victory over the rebels seems almost assured now.
AND
. The rebels however, are splintered, withered and beyond the pale.
US support in Latin American boosts foreign policy credibility and influence
Noriega, ~’12 ~~~10/22/12, Roger Noriega is a Mexican-American, visiting fellow at the conservative think tank American Enterprise Institute. He has served as a U.S. diplomat and policy maker, specializing in Western Hemisphere Affairs, "Latin America is crucial to US competitiveness", ~~http://www.aei-ideas.org/2012/10/latin-america-is-crucial-to-us-competitiveness/-http://www.aei-ideas.org/2012/10/latin-america-is-crucial-to-us-competitiveness/~~~~~~~~~~
A stable and prosperous Americas is indispensable to US economic success and security. However
AND
must recognize this reality and act to take full advantage of the opportunities.
US will only intervene with multilateral support
Sileo, 13 (Alexander, Senior International Affairs and Psychology double major and writer for Georgia Political Review, "Saving Multilateral Diplomacy", 4/1/13, http://georgiapoliticalreview.com/saving-multilateral-diplomacy/)
The United States must begin utilizing multilateral initiatives in order to strengthen democratic institutions and
AND
must save multilateral diplomacy in order to save itself on the world stage.
Only a multilateral approach to Syria will work kinda
NY Times, 13 (Daniel Kurtzer, "Obama Can~’t Go It Alone in Syria", 5/2/13, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/03/opinion/obama-cant-go-it-alone-in-syria.html)
Before making a momentous decision on intervention — especially if the president is considering unilateral
AND
their own backyard — the Muslim-majority Caucasus region of southern Russia.
Only multilateral approach can overthrow Assad
Rettig, 11 (Jessica, USA News, "Multilateral Moves May Weaken Assad in Syria", 8/9/11, http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2011/08/09/multilateral-moves-may-weaken-assad-in-syria-by-jessica-rettig)
Still, as international sanctions cut off the regime~’s cash and as it loses support
AND
2005—such messages could add up to greater influence on the leader.
That support leads to a multilateral military intervention in Syria- only scenario for conflict
Stewart and Apps, 13 (Phil and Peter, Reuters, "Analysis: No good military options for U.S. in Syria", 4/27/13, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/27/us-usa-syria-military-options-idUSBRE93Q0C620130427)
Obama said on Friday that he would seek to mobilize the international community around Syria
AND
) choose, which I think would be limited, targeted air strike."
Syrian intervention causes chemical weapon attacks, middle east instability, Iran prolif, ethnic cleansing, and US- Russia proxy wars- all escalate to nuclear conflict
Strauss, 12 (Steve, Advanced leadership fellow Harvard University, "Ten Reasons We Should Be Cautious About Military Intervention in Syria"¨, 6-9-12, , http://www.huffingtonpost.com/steven-strauss/nine-reasons-we-should-be-cautious_b_1583732.html=
Reason 2: Syria has one of the world~’s largest chemical weapons programs (an
AND
. Potentially, this could turn into a major regional war involving Iran.
Biopower K
Their economic calculations claims reinforce a normalizing mode of social control that requires individuals to submit to market values—this regulates the view of the market as an answer to all issues.
Hamann 09 (Trent, St. John~’s University, Foucault Studes no 6, Neoliberalism, Governmentality, and Ethics, http://rauli.cbs.dk/index.php/foucault-studies/article/view/2471/2469)
Another significant feature of neoliberalism is its explicit acknowledgment of the fact that neither the
AND
and relations of power aimed at encouraging and reinforcing individual practices of subjectivation.
Internal Link: In a state of domination the body is fixed into a powerless side while having an asymmetrical relationship with the government. This technique of government is what allow them to inscribe anything that they deem fit
Lemke 2k ( Thomas, Member of the editorial board of the journal Foucault Studies, Foucault, Governmentality, and Critique) http://www.andosciasociology.net/resources/Foucault242C+Governmentality242C+and+Critique+IV-2.pdf
Domination is a particular type of power relationship that is both stable and hierarchical,
AND
state of domination (see Hindess 1996; Patton 1998, Lazzarato 2000).
Impact: Biopower is the foundation that guarantees the worst atrocities in human history. It allows, risks, and justifies the extinction of population via genocide and racism.
Stohler 95 (Anne, Professor of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Race and the education of desire: Foucault~’s History of sexuality and the colonial order of things, , p. 81-82)
Biopower was defined as a power organized around the management of life, where wars
AND
the more you kill and let die, the more you will live."
The alternative is to care of oneself: engagement of oneself to practice self-disciple positively toward objective to power relation are key to breaking down bad form of biopower and move towards an effective way of producing knowledge. An engagement of stepping back and affirming ourselves as a creative force of change toward abandoning notion of normatively establish sovereign truths. This is the only effective way individuals can break away from the asymmetrical power dominance.
Clifford 01 (Michael Clifford, Political Genealogy After Foucault, , pg 144)
Foucault~’s genealogical analyses reveal that " the self is not given to us"- there
AND
In this way subjectivity becomes, not a limitation, but an art.
Vote negative to enact resistance to discipline. We interrogate the role of power masked by the 1AC
MCHOUl and Grace 93 ( Alec and Wendy Melbourne University, A Foucault Primer: Discourse, Power, and the Subject)
For Foucault, resistance is more effective when it is directed at a technique~’ of
AND
being opposed and the historical position of this relationship must be made explicit.
Diplomatic Capital DA
A. Kerry is making substantial progress in the Israeli-Palestine peace talks—he is devoting all of his time and effort to closing the deal
Gordon 6-29 (Michael R., New York Times reporter, June 29, 2013, "Kerry extends Israel trip amid speculation on peace talks" New York Times) ~~http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/world/2013/06/29/kerry-extends-israel-trip-amid-speculation-peace-talks/WhI1jxBpkgzHTux3RMvCQM/story.html-http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/world/2013/06/29/kerry-extends-israel-trip-amid-speculation-peace-talks/WhI1jxBpkgzHTux3RMvCQM/story.html~~~~
¶ JERUSALEM — U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry extended his trip
AND
who has been a vocal and enthusiastic supporter of Kerry~’s push to revive the
Engaging with Mexico requires diplomatic capital
Ayala 09 (Elaine, president of the San Antonio Association of Hispanic Journalists, 1-19-09, "Obama will have to ~’invest~’ diplomatically in Latin America" My San Antonio) http://blog.mysanantonio.com/latinlife/2009/01/obama-will-have-to-invest-diplomatically-in-latin-america/
The Washington Post writes a tough editorial about President-elect Obama~’s Latin America agenda
AND
and urgent interest in investing some of his diplomatic capital in Latin America."
Diplomatic capital is finite – each new issue trades off with another one
Anderson and Grewell 2000
(Terry L., Executive Director of the Property and Environment Research Center, J. Bishop, former research associate for PERC. He is a graduate of Stanford University, the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, and Northwestern Law School, "The Greening of Foreign Policy", PERC Policy Series: PS-20, December 2000, ~~http://www.perc.org/pdf/ps20.pdf-http://www.perc.org/pdf/ps20.pdf~~~~)
Greater international environmental regulation can increase international tension. Foreign policy is a bag of
AND
our allies, securing vital resources, and ensuring access to foreign economies."
Failure of the Peace Process causes terrorism
Jerome Slater, professor of political science at SUNY at Buffalo, Winter 1998 (Political Science Quarterly "Netanyahu, a Palestinian state, and Israeli security reassessed" Vol. 112, Issue 4 ebsco)
Israel has had to live with what I shall call conventional terrorism since the early
AND
Palestinian opinion and diminish the incentives of the Palestinian Authority to control them.
Unchecked terrorism means extinction
Harvey Gordon, Visiting Lecturer, Forensic Psychiatry, Tel Aviv University, Psychiatric Bulletin, v. 26, 2002, p. 285-287, online: http://pb.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/full/26/8/285.
Although terrorism throughout human history has been tragic, until relatively recently it has been
AND
can be remedied by the mass destruction of life, including their own.
Hegemony DA
A. China-Russia Relations are low now
Richard Rousseau, Contributor and writer for the Diplomatic Courier (DC) A Global Affairs Magazine~| 20 February 2013 ~~http://www.diplomaticourier.com/news/topics/economy/1357-http://www.diplomaticourier.com/news/topics/economy/1357~~~~
Historically, Russia-China relations have been characterized by long periods of mistrust,
AND
Kremlin to cooperate with China in that region and on the world stage.
B. US heg causes improved China-Russia relations
Paul Roberts ’7 ("US Hegemony Spawns Russian-Chinese Military Alliance" http://www.lewrockwell.com/roberts/roberts218.html)
This week the Russian and Chinese militaries are conducting a joint military exercise involving large numbers of troops and combat vehicles. The former Soviet Republics of Tajikistan, Kyrgkyzstan, and Kazakstan are participating. Other countries appear ready to join the military alliance.
This new potent military alliance is a real world response to neoconservative delusions about US hegemony. Neocons believe that the US is supreme in the world and can dictate its course. The neoconservative idiots have actually written papers, read by Russians and Chinese, about why the US must use its military superiority to assert hegemony over Russia and China.
C. Increased China-Russia relations lead to cyber warfare against the US
Dr. Richard Weitz ~’11 ("China-Russia relations and the United States: At a turning point?" ~~http://en.rian.ru/valdai_op/20110414/163523421.html-http://en.rian.ru/valdai_op/20110414/163523421.html~~~~, 4/14)
Chinese and Russian leaders also have developed shared perspectives and independent offensive capabilities regarding governmental activities in the cyber domain. The two governments have been developing their information warfare capabilities and now possess an extensive variety of offensive and defensive tools in this domain.
Furthermore, recent revelations regarding Chinese cyber-espionage activities suggest the extent to which
AND
deny Internet resources to civil liberties groups and other opponents of their regimes.
D. Cyber warfare can cripple our infrastructure, and mess with our military and economy – outweighs the case
Chris Nickson ’10 ("Cyber-warfare danger still on the rise and the authorities don~’t know how to fight it" ~~http://www.techradar.com/news/internet/cyber-warfare-danger-still-on-the-rise-668165-http://www.techradar.com/news/internet/cyber-warfare-danger-still-on-the-rise-668165~~~~, 2/4)
Cyber-warfare is likely to become a major weapon in conflicts between states, according to a report from the International Institute of Strategic Studies. At present there are no international controls on the use of cyber weapons.
The dire warning accompanied the Institute~’s release of its annual assessment of global military capabilities and defence economics, Military Balance 2010.
According to director general John Chipman: "Cyber-warfare ~~~may be used~~~ to disable a country~’s infrastructure, meddle with the integrity of another country~’s internal military data, try to confuse its financial transactions or to accomplish any number of other possibly crippling aims." He said the problem is "we are now, in relation to the problem of cyber-warfare, at the same stage of intellectual development as we were in the 1950s in relation to possible nuclear war."
E. Global War
Zhou Wenzhong ~’4 (PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs "Vigorously Pushing Forward the constructive and Cooperative Relationship Between China and the United States – In commemoration of the 25^^th^^ anniversary of China-diplomatic relations" ~~http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx/t64286.htm-http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx/t64286.htm~~~~, 2/7)
Both China and the US wield important influence in world affairs and shoulder major responsibility
AND
the relationship, there should be no insurmountable obstacles in the years ahead.
Solvency - NADBank Case
- NADBank is inefficient
Taylor 2 (Steve Taylor, "Ag commissioner ~’disappointed~’ with NADBank funding decisions," 12/09/2012, http://intrabecc.cocef.org/programs/intranetnotasperiodico/uploadedFiles/Decisions.pdf, AC)
AUSTIN — Agriculture Commissioner Susan Combs has joined Rio Grande Valley farmers in protesting an
AND
" on ¶ allocating the potential 2440 million to South Texas projects.
2. NADBank fails – cost inefficiencies, sovereignty
Vanderpool 6 (Tim Vanderpool, "NADBank Blues: Will Border Cleanup Efforts Be Abandoned," 04/13/2006, http://www.tucsonweekly.com/tucson/nadbank-blues/Content?oid=1083801, AC)
Still, the NADBank has been no stranger to criticism. Environmentalists condemn its secretive
AND
," says McLaughlin. "We think the administrative costs are pretty high."
3. NADBank empirically fails – high interest rates, poor management
AP 1 (Associated Press, "NADBank Admits Poor Lending Record," Lubbock Avalanche-Journal, http://lubbockonline.com/stories/081401/upd_075-5743.shtml, AC)
BROWNSVILLE, Texas ~~~{AP~~~}— Officials of the North American Development Bank, a
AND
EPA grants when the water and wastewater projects are for Mexican border communities.
4. NADBank is ineffective
LCLAA, 04 (Labor Council for Latin American Advancement, Public Citizen, a nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C., dedicated to advancing consumer rights, through lobbying, litigation, research, publications and information services, "Another Americas is Possible: The Impact of NAFTA on the U.S. Latino Community and Lessons for Future Trade Agreements, A Joint Report by Labor Council for Latin American Advancement and Public Citizen~’s Global Trade Watch" ~~http://www.citizen.org/documents/LatinosReportFINAL.pdf)//YS-http://www.citizen.org/documents/LatinosReportFINAL.pdf)//YS~~~~, accessed 7/02/13
The institutions created to fund environmental cleanup efforts and public health infrastructure development – the
AND
of NAFTA-related environmental damage at 2447 billion in 1999 alone.
5. NADBank fails – cant solve environment doesn~’t spillover into other parts of the relationship
- Uncertainty kills the environmental benefit – also means perception is key
Kevin P. Gallagher 2009 Associate Professor of International Relations. (BA, Northeastern University; MA, PhD, Tufts University) Specialization: Economic Development, Trade and Investment Policy, International Environmental Policy, Latin America. "NAFTA and the Environment:
Lessons from Mexico and Beyond" ~~http://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/Pubs/rp/PardeeNAFTACh6GallagherEnvtNov09.pdf-http://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/Pubs/rp/PardeeNAFTACh6GallagherEnvtNov09.pdf~~~~
Renewed Institutions for Environment and Development In order for the expanded role of environmental issues
AND
environment in all three NAFTA countries, a revitalized NADBANK would have to:
™ Support small scale, sustainable agriculture initiatives
™ provide loans for small- and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) for innovation and to comply with environmental regulations.
™ provide loans and financing support for public infrastructure renewable energy development, and environmental cleanup projects.
™ Support public-private partnerships for environmental related research and development activities.
™ develop and maintain and active research team that examines the environment and development aspects of the NAFTA countries and bank activities.
6. NADBank expansion crushes the BECC
George Kourous (directs the IRC~’s BIOC program, Writer, Editor 26 Senior Program Associate at International Relations Center (IRC)) October 2K "The Great NADBank Debate" ProQuest
Smothering BECC
Because this debate started as a discussion focused solely on NADBank, little attention was
AND
the NADBank board should take no action until such full consultation is undertaken."
7. NADBank doesn’t solve – bureaucracy
Dallas Morning News April 2011 "Editorial: North American Development Bank needs streamlined bureaucracy" http://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/20110415-editorial-north-american-development-bank-needs-streamlined-bureaucracy.ece
The bank hasn~’t had a stellar past. Because all loans require approval of agencies
AND
, but don’t allow bureaucracy to stifle NADBank’s good work at the border.