Tournament: Iowa Caucus | Round: 1 | Opponent: Wayzata GN | Judge: Gjerpen

1AC

Developmental epistemologies shape the way micro relations of power shape the beliefs of the population to justify the State actions vis-à-vis the Body. Epistemologies that don’t justify these power relations are shunned and excluded by the normalized state body. Means the prevailing paradigm perpetuates itself by repressing other forms of knowledge.

DuBois 91 (Marc, "The Governance of the Third World: A Foucauldian Perspective on Power Relations in Development", Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Vol. 16, No. 1, Winter 1991, ~CL~)

Foucault’s definition of power is one of his most controversial concepts, and perhaps his
AND
(the solution), dooming many well-intended development efforts to failure.

Recognition of knowledge-power relations is key to loosening the power exercised by the Sovereign at the level of life. War and violence are inevitable in a world of needing to perpetuate these power relations

James Bernauer Gender paraphrased, philosophy professor, Boston College, 1990, MICHAEL FOUCAULT’S FORCE OF FLIGHT: TOWARD AN ETHICS OF THOUGHT, pp. 141-142, JT

This capacity of power to conceal itself cannot cloak the tragedy of the implications contained
AND
those dissonant series of events that subvert our normal philosophical and historical understanding.

Developmental scholarship influences via educational programs and participation in policy deliberation activities such as debate

Dr. Kea Gorden Gorden earned her Ph.D. in Politics from the
AND
Liberal Institutionalism" Field Statement ~232 May 10th, 2004 YHKJDI
The legitimation process that occurs when development actors create the object they are studying in
AND
knowledge can come to colonize the everyday life of individuals, exacerbating depoliticization.
Economic engagement relies on the developmental epistemology to codify and normalize "Latin America" with positive outcomes to cloak the impacts of the 1AC
Escobar 1995 ~Arturo, Kenan Distinguished Professor of Anthropology, UNC-Chapel Hill
AND
Encountering Development THE MAKING AND UNMAKING OF THE THIRD WORLD" 1995, page

ECONOMICS AS CULTURE Needless to say, economists do not see their science as a
AND
? What are the consequences of seeing life in terms of such constructions?
Micro relations of power is the noose of the State. Means if we challenge the epistemology of debate then we weaken the authority it has over the beliefs of populations.
DuBois 91
(Marc, "The Governance of the Third World: A Foucauldian Perspective on Power Relations in Development", Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Vol. 16, No. 1, Winter 1991, ~CL~)

In recent years, a full-blown "crisis" situation has been ushered
AND
corrupt the self-evidence of development in its masquerade as natural law.

The analysis of discourse allows for different epistemologies to be discussed and deliberated about, not blindly accepted.

Reade Davis, ’3, Assistant Professor of Anthropology at Memorial University, "Development Eco-Logies:  Power and Change in Arturo Escobar’s Political Ecology," Studies in Political Economy, p. 163, JTJEDI
In a later essay, however, Escobar launched a spirited defense of the political
AND
can account for a plurality of truths without abandoning political and ethical foundations.

WE MUST EVADE THE DEMAND FOR SOLUTIONS. THE IDEA OF RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOR OF DEMANDING A PLAN IS CAUSED BY NORMALIZATION DISCOURSE.

Dumm 96~Thomas, professor of political science, 1996, Foucault and the Politics of Freedom~
What is the alternative to this recursive effort to fill the vacuum, that is
AND
understood for what is, a reaction to the creation of a norm.

ATTMEPTING TO ERRADICATE DOMINANCE THROUGH THE EYES OF THE STATE TAKES UP THE ROLE OF THE SOVEREIGN WHICH FURTHERS THE COVER OF DISCIPLINARY POWER.

FOUCAULT IN ’76   ~Michel, badass baldie, "Society Must Be Defended", pgs. 39-40~
That is why we now find ourselves in a situation where the only existing and
AND
right that is both anti disciplinary and emancipated from the principle of sovereignty.

Policy discussions of "Latin America" are saturated in ever-present development discourse, means any topical discussions propagate developmental epistemology
Escobar, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Anthropology Professor, 95
(Arturo, Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World, p. 5-6, IC)
Until the late 1970s, the central stake in discussions on Asia, Africa,
AND
. This is the task the present book sets out to¶ accomplish.

Tournament: KCKCC | Round: Quarters | Opponent: WEast JK | Judge: Nelson, Valdez, S Williams
KCKCC critical 1AC
We meet here today, at Kansas City Kansas Community College, for a discussion, posing the question whether or not we should engage Cuba, Mexico or Venezuela. We are forced to make a choice – either we take antiquated cold war policies of isolation to enforce our will upon Latin America OR we can adopt a new strategy of soft coercion, molding the region to our heart’s content. Either way, both sides of the debate are saying the same thing: We must improve, free, democratize, and make the world better. What we will fail to examine is what exactly we mean by "better." More conducive to American influence? More Western? Debates rage on today about HOW to improve Latin America, but they will fail to criticize the epistemic starting point entrenched in development discourse. We fail to confront the fact that development actually worsens the position of their targets. The more we are locked in these flawed debates the more entrenched we become in the rhetorical dominance of the so-called "Third World," and the more we shape real events around in Latin America.
Escobar 95, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Anthropology Professor (Arturo, Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World, p. 5-6, IC)
Until the late 1970s, the central stake in discussions on Asia, Africa,
AND
. This is the task the present book sets out to¶ accomplish.
Policy deliberation activities such as debate are uniquely guilty of this discourse
Dr. Kea Gorden Gorden earned her Ph.D. in Politics from the
AND
Liberal Institutionalism" Field Statement ~232 May 10th, 2004 YHKJDI
The legitimation process that occurs when development actors create the object they are studying in
AND
knowledge can come to colonize the everyday life of individuals, exacerbating depoliticization. 

This framing results in the separation of the First world from the Third; modernity constructs the Third World through the glass displays of exhibitions and the creation of the colonial "Other." The impact is the paternalistic homogenization of the Third World as unable to care for itself, which justifies Western cultural domination.
Escobar 95
(Arturo, 1995, Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World, pg 8. RJ)
Critical work of this kind, Mudimbe believes, may open the way for "
AND
"space for `subject peoples’ " that ensures certain control over it.
Development in all instances forms complacency with biopolitical domination and poisons the epistemology of the rounmd
DuBois 91 (Marc, "The Governance of the Third World: A Foucauldian Perspective on Power Relations in Development", Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Vol. 16, No. 1, Winter 1991, ~CL~)

Foucault’s definition of power is one of his most controversial concepts, and perhaps his
AND
the latter, even in the realm of the affairs of the latter.

This form of biopolitics is responsible for omnipresent violence, market slavery, cultural destruction, and genocide in the name of globalized hegemony

Escobar 4 (Arturo, Ph.D Development Philosophy, Policy, and Planning UC Berkeley, ’Beyond the Third World: imperial globality, global coloniality, and anti-globalisation social movements’, 2004)

One of the main consequences, for Santos, of the collapse of emancipation into
AND
Latin America. The result is a new type of social fascism as ’
a social and civilizational regime’.20 This regime, paradoxically, coexists with democratic
AND
diced identities’ and the transformation of cultures of solidarity into cultures of destruction.

Thus we advocate discursive analysis of the debate space and a localized stance against development discourse.
Only through a new process of debating can we scrutinize the developmental discourse and construct new ways of seeing and acting that will transform reality through collective political praxes. Through discursive analysis in debate, we move into a new arena, spreading change.
Escobar 95
(Arturo, 1995, Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World, pg 17. RJ)
This remaining of anthropology, launched in the mid-1980s, has become theobject
AND
toward the radicalization of the discipline’s reimagining started with enthusiasm during the 1980s.
And, Localized criticism is necessary to move beyond the Western economic paradigms responsible for oppression and suffering.
DuBois 91
(Marc, "The Governance of the Third World: A Foucauldian Perspective on Power Relations in Development", Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Vol. 16, No. 1, Winter 1991, ~CL~)

In recent years, a full-blown "crisis" situation has been ushered
AND
corrupt the self-evidence of development in its masquerade as natural law.

Tournament: KCKCC | Round: 2 | Opponent: Maize South EW | Judge: Rubiae

KCKCC policy aff

Plan
PLAN: The United States federal government should normalize trade relations with cuba 

Advantage 1 is Cuba
a) Cuba’s economy is collapsing – the government can’t use material needs to keep the population in check
Morris 11 (Emily, London Metropolitan University UK,  FORECASTING CUBA’S ECONOMY: 2, 5, AND 20 YEARS, Presented at the international symposium "Cuba Futures: Past and Present," organized by The Cuba Project Bildner Center for Western Hemisphere Studies at The Graduate Center/CUNY, http://web.gc.cuny.edu/dept/bildn/cuba/cubaforecasting.pdf-http://web.gc.cuny.edu/dept/bildn/cuba/cubaforecasting.pdf)

Risks in the short term Political risks arise from the process of transferring leadership from
AND
within the economies of the growth leaders, China and India. 14 C
b) Cuba government collapse inevitable under current constraints
Dickerson ’10, Lieutenant Colonel Sergio M. Dickerson, 2010, "United States Security Strategy Towards Cuba," Strategy Research Project, www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U226doc=GetTRDoc.pdf26AD=ADA518053-http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U226doc=GetTRDoc.pdf26AD=ADA518053, ACC. 6-11-2013, JTJEDI
While economic pressure has failed to bring about government change, it could trigger a
AND
not exist for real change in U.S. – Cuba relations.

c) US financing is necessary to avoid over reliance on Venezuela, hyper inflation, fatal economic constraints
Morris ’11 (Emily, London Metropolitan University UK,  FORECASTING CUBA’S ECONOMY: 2, 5, AND 20 YEARS, Presented at the international symposium "Cuba Futures: Past and Present," organized by The Cuba Project Bildner Center for Western Hemisphere Studies at The Graduate Center/CUNY, http://web.gc.cuny.edu/dept/bildn/cuba/cubaforecasting.pdf-http://web.gc.cuny.edu/dept/bildn/cuba/cubaforecasting.pdf)

Risks in the medium term Five years is a very long time in politics,
AND
exports or removal of restrictions on US and multilateral financial flows to Cuba.

d) Instability 26 Cuban civil war spills over to collapse Latin American democracies 26 ignites new terror attacks
Tim Gorrell ’5, Lieutenant Colonel, "CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?" 3/18/5, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074-http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074, acc. 7/5/2013, JEDI
Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, Cuba’s
AND
the Americas. A proactive policy now can mitigate these potential future problems.
e) These attacks will deploy biological weapons against the US.
Bryan, director of the North-South Center’s Caribbean Program, 2001
(Anthony, "Terrorism, Porous Borders, and Homeland Security: The Case for U.S.-Caribbean Cooperation," October 21, Online:
http://www.cfr.org/publication/4844/terrorism_porous_borders_and20_homeland_20security.html-http://www.cfr.org/publication/4844/terrorism_porous_borders_and _homeland_ security.html)

Terrorist acts can take place anywhere. The Caribbean is no exception. Already the
AND
else to the clandestine manufacture and deployment of biological weapons within national borders.

Bioweapons are imminent and cause extinction – they’re easily obtainable and overwhelm our best defenses

Myhrvold, July 2013 ~Nathan, formerly Chief Technology Officer at Microsoft, is co-founder of Intellectual Ventures—one of the largest patent holding companies in the world, "Strategic Terrorism: A Call to Action", The Lawfare Research Paper Series  Research paper NO . 2, http://www.lawfareblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Strategic-Terrorism-Myhrvold-7-3-2013.pdf-http://www.lawfareblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Strategic-Terrorism-Myhrvold-7-3-2013.pdf, BJM~

Biotechnology is advancing so rapidly that it is hard to  keep track of all the
AND
cause compares with that of other calamities  that the human race has faced.

Advantage 2 is Trade
a) The current Cuban policy undermines US trade credibility and independently risks a trans-atlantic trade war
Morley 26 McGillion 05 associate professor of politics and international relations at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia 26 senior lecturer in journalism, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia. ~Morris Morley 26 Chris McGillion, Cuba, the United States, and the Post-Cold War World: The International Dimensions of the Washington-Havana Relationship, pg 9~

Second is the contradiction between America’s professed commitment to free trade and its Cuba policy
AND
with American "global leadership" in the post-Cold War era.
Yet this doctrine conflicts with the restrictive trade practices supported by the White House and
AND
the WTO and raising the possibility of a cross-Atlantic trade war.

b) Sanctions violate WTO norms, violation destroys WTO credibility
Hernandez-Truyol 9 Mabie, Levin 26 Mabie Professor of Law, University of Florida, Levin College  of Law ~Berta E. Hernandez-Truyol, Embargo or Blockade - The Legal and Moral Dimensions of the U.S. Economic Sanctions on Cuba, 4 Intercultural Hum. Rts. L. Rev. 53 (2009)~

2. WTO Legality of U.S. Sanctions against Cuba104
 Title IV’s effects on the ability of European corporations doing  business in Cuba-
AND
of President Bush’s Commission’s  recommendations was to put an end to such waiver.

Non-emergency embargoes cause mass starvation – 2008 proof

Charles 11 – syndicated reporter and journalist for npr (Dan, "How the rice markets went insane", November 2, 2011, http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2011/11/02/141771712/how-fear-drove-world-rice-markets-insane, /jw)

Nothing is more basic and simple than food. Yet it comes to us courtesy
AND
governments can be confident that the global food system won’t go crazy again.

c) WTO credibility prevents resource constraints and crises  
Carbonnier 13 – Professor of Development Economics @ Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies ~Gilles Carbonnier-http://www.cepweb.org/author/gilles-carbonnier/ (Editor-in-chief of International Development Policy, President of the board of directors of CERAH, the Centre for Education and Research in Humanitarian Action, and founding member of CEP), "Resource Scarcity, Export Restrictions and the Multilateral Trading System," | Council on Economic Policies, April 10, 2013, pg. http://www.cepweb.org/resource-scarcity-export-restrictions-and-the-multilateral-trading-system/

A Greater Role for the WTO?¶ How pivotal should the WTO be in improving
AND
must contain the tendency to address resource scarcity through bilateral and exclusive deals.

f) High food prices and shortages are a catalyst for war – history empirically proves

Roston 12
 (Tom Roston, writer and editor who has been covering documentaries, movies and other aspects of American popular culture for close to 20 years, "A Brief History of Food 26 War," The Food Republic, January 11.) Accessed online at: http://www.foodrepublic.com/2012/01/11/brief-history-food-war
Last year’s Arab Spring, which toppled governments in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya,
AND
the talk about oil, it might just be bread that matters most.

Advantage 3 is Environmental Co-op
a) US Cuba cooperation is key to sustain biodiversity – the alternative results in ecosystem degradation and overfishing
PR Newswire 13
("United States Scientists Visit Cuba to Discuss Overfishing, Coral Reefs, Ocean Energy and Ocean Issues",http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/united-states-scientists-visit-cuba-to-discuss-overfishing-coral-reefs-ocean-energy-and-ocean-issues-65763572.html, 6/24/13, AZ)

RALEIGH, N.C., Oct. 23 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ —
AND
resources is critically important to the economies of coastal communities in both countries.

b) Lifting the economic restraints allows for science cooperation between the US and Cuba.
Lempinen 12 (Edward W., Public Information Officer at The World Academy of Sciences, "Oceans, Weather, Health—U.S. Researchers Explore Potential Collaboration with Cuban Colleagues," AAAS —- American Association for the Advancement of Science, 5-1-12, http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2012/0501cuba.shtml)
They are next-door neighbors, sharing all the amenities and challenges of the
AND
are "natural scientific partners," Pastrana said in an April email interview.

c) Scenario 1 is Food Security
Koster 11 Koster, operator of overfishing.org, 2011¶ (Pepijin, 2/1/2011, "Why is Overfishing a Problem?" Online: http://overfishing.org/pages/why_is_overfishing_a_problem.php-http://overfishing.org/pages/why_is_overfishing_a_problem.php FG)
In the first chapter we already discussed that globally fishing fleets are at least two
AND
eat. We might end up with a marine junkyard dominated by plankton." 

Scenario 2 – coral reefs.

1. US - Cuba cooperation would help solve for growing threats to ocean biodiversity
   Luxner 09— Larry Luxner is news editor of The Washington Diplomat and editor of CubaNews.  His specialty is Latin America and the Middle East, and he’s written more than 2,000 articles for publications ranging from National Journal to Saudi Aramco World. ("Experts urge joint US-Cuba marine conservation effort"—5/2009 http://www.luxner.com/cgi-bin/view_article.cgi?articleID=1751)
   Saltwater fish, migratory birds, turtles and marine mammals couldn’t care less about the
   AND
   , law and innovative private-sector partnerships to solve key environmental problems.
   US – Cuba cooperation is key to environmental policy spillover and regional perceptions of the US; easing travel restrictions is symbolic, but doesn’t do enough
   Conell 9 – Research associate for the Council on Hemispheric Affairs. (Christina, 6/16/2009, "The U.S. and Cuba: an Environmental Duo?" http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO0906/S00198.htm, HW)
   Cuba’s abundant natural resources need to be protected with heightened vigilance Lifting the trade embargo
   AND
   based on mutual respect and the autonomy of each country’s sovereignty and traditions.

2. Coral reefs solve extinction – critical to curbing ocean acidification, necessary for breathable oxygen and the marine food web
Romm, Ph.D. in physics from MIT, 9
(Joseph, Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, "Imagine a World without Fish: Deadly ocean acidification — hard to deny, harder to geo-engineer, but not hard to stop — is subject of documentary," http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2009/09/02/204589/a-sea-change-imagine-a-world-without-fish-ocean-acidification-film/-http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2009/09/02/204589/a-sea-change-imagine-a-world-without-fish-ocean-acidification-film/, 6-30-13)

Other continental shelf regions may also be impacted where anthropogenic CO2-enriched water is
AND
500 parts per million, you put calcification out of business in the ocea
Solvency
a) Cuba’s ready for Economic engagement – already reforming
Mallén 7-11-13 Patricia Rey Mallén, July 11th 2013, "Cuba Announces Financial Reforms, Opens Up To Foreign Investment," International Business Times, http://www.ibtimes.com/cuba-announces-financial-reforms-opens-foreign-investment-1341269-http://www.ibtimes.com/cuba-announces-financial-reforms-opens-foreign-investment-1341269, ACC. 7/11/2013, JTJEDI
Cuba is ready to open up, its government saysThe authoritarian communist country has outlined
AND
go. We want more expats to join the trend," Gonzalez said.
b) They say yes
Tisdall 13 Simon Tisdall, March 5, ’13, "Death of Hugo Chávez brings chance of fresh start for US and Latin America," ACC. 6-6-2013, JTJEDI www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/mar/05/hugo-chavez-dead-us-latin-america/print-http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/mar/05/hugo-chavez-dead-us-latin-america/print, JTJEDI
"For the last two decades, US domestic politics have too often driven Washington’s
AND
needs rapprochement with Washington to advance his own reform agenda," Sweig said.

Embargo is a systemic violation of human rights and an act of genocide

UNGA 12 United Nations General Assembly,("Necessity of ending the economic, commercial and financial blockade imposed by the United States of America against Cuba",cubavsbloqueo.cu,5/12,http://www.cubavsbloqueo.cu/informebloqueo2012/Idiomas/120620-informe20bloqueo20201220Ingles.pdf,Accessed:7/3/13,JW)

The policy of blockade against Cuba persists and has been intensified despite the attempts of
AND
to put an end to this unfair, illegal and ¶ inhuman policy.

Tournament: KCKCC | Round: 4 | Opponent: Lincoln Prep | Judge: Miles
KCKCC critical 1AC
We meet here today, at Kansas City Kansas Community College, for a discussion, posing the question whether or not we should engage Cuba, Mexico or Venezuela. We are forced to make a choice – either we take antiquated cold war policies of isolation to enforce our will upon Latin America OR we can adopt a new strategy of soft coercion, molding the region to our heart’s content. Either way, both sides of the debate are saying the same thing: We must improve, free, democratize, and make the world better. What we will fail to examine is what exactly we mean by "better." More conducive to American influence? More Western? Debates rage on today about HOW to improve Latin America, but they will fail to criticize the epistemic starting point entrenched in development discourse. We fail to confront the fact that development actually worsens the position of their targets. The more we are locked in these flawed debates the more entrenched we become in the rhetorical dominance of the so-called "Third World," and the more we shape real events around in Latin America.
Escobar 95, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Anthropology Professor (Arturo, Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World, p. 5-6, IC)
Until the late 1970s, the central stake in discussions on Asia, Africa,
AND
. This is the task the present book sets out to¶ accomplish.
Policy deliberation activities such as debate are uniquely guilty of this discourse
Dr. Kea Gorden Gorden earned her Ph.D. in Politics from the
AND
Liberal Institutionalism" Field Statement ~232 May 10th, 2004 YHKJDI
The legitimation process that occurs when development actors create the object they are studying in
AND
knowledge can come to colonize the everyday life of individuals, exacerbating depoliticization. 

This continuous framing of the "third world" as needy, destitute, and oppressed is the result of the mediation of Western episteme and historicity that results in the separation of the First from the Third; modernity constructs the Third World through the glass displays of exhibitions and the creation of the colonial "Other." The impact is the paternalistic homogenization of the Third World as unable to care for itself, which justifies Western cultural domination.
Escobar 95
(Arturo, 1995, Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World, pg 8. RJ)
Critical work of this kind, Mudimbe believes, may open the way for "
AND
"space for `subject peoples’ " that ensures certain control over it.

Development discourse dominates the culture of the "Latin America", resulting in the interventions from both external and internal sources and the increased control of corrupt institutions leading to massive impoverishment, the selling of the resources, killing and torturing, and extinction. This form of biopolitics is responsible for omnipresent violence, market slavery, cultural destruction, and genocide in the name of globalized hegemony

Escobar 4 (Arturo, Ph.D Development Philosophy, Policy, and Planning UC Berkeley, ’Beyond the Third World: imperial globality, global coloniality, and anti-globalisation social movements’, 2004)

One of the main consequences, for Santos, of the collapse of emancipation into
AND
Latin America. The result is a new type of social fascism as ’
a social and civilizational regime’.20 This regime, paradoxically, coexists with democratic
AND
diced identities’ and the transformation of cultures of solidarity into cultures of destruction.

Development in all instances forms complacency with biopolitical domination – this poisons epistemology  
DuBois 91 (Marc, "The Governance of the Third World: A Foucauldian Perspective on Power Relations in Development", Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Vol. 16, No. 1, Winter 1991, ~CL~)

Foucault’s definition of power is one of his most controversial concepts, and perhaps his
AND
the latter, even in the realm of the affairs of the latter.

And this requires a critical re-examination of discourse in the Western world. Only through a new process of debating can we scrutinize the developmental discourse and construct new ways of seeing and acting that will transform reality through collective political praxes. Through discursive analysis in debate, we move into a new arena, spreading change.
Escobar 95
(Arturo, 1995, Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World, pg 17. RJ)
This remaining of anthropology, launched in the mid-1980s, has become theobject
AND
toward the radicalization of the discipline’s reimagining started with enthusiasm during the 1980s.
Thus we advocate discursive analysis of the debate space and a localized stance against development discourse.
Localized criticism is necessary to move beyond the Western economic paradigms responsible for oppression and suffering.
DuBois 91
(Marc, "The Governance of the Third World: A Foucauldian Perspective on Power Relations in Development", Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Vol. 16, No. 1, Winter 1991, ~CL~)

In recent years, a full-blown "crisis" situation has been ushered
AND
corrupt the self-evidence of development in its masquerade as natural law.

Tournament: Wichita East | Round: 1 | Opponent: Trinity | Judge: 

WEast Speed 1AC

Plan
PLAN: The United States federal government should normalize trade relations with cuba
Solvency
a) Cuba’s ready for Economic engagement – already reforming
Mallén 7-11-13 Patricia Rey Mallén, July 11th 2013, "Cuba Announces Financial Reforms, Opens Up To Foreign Investment," International Business Times, http://www.ibtimes.com/cuba-announces-financial-reforms-opens-foreign-investment-1341269-http://www.ibtimes.com/cuba-announces-financial-reforms-opens-foreign-investment-1341269, ACC. 7/11/2013, JTJEDI
Cuba is ready to open up, its government says. The authoritarian communist country
AND
go. We want more expats to join the trend," Gonzalez said.
b) They say yes
Tisdall 13 Simon Tisdall, March 5, ’13, "Death of Hugo Chávez brings chance of fresh start for US and Latin America," ACC. 6-6-2013, JTJEDI www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/mar/05/hugo-chavez-dead-us-latin-america/print-http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/mar/05/hugo-chavez-dead-us-latin-america/print, JTJEDI
"For the last two decades, US domestic politics have too often driven Washington’s
AND
needs rapprochement with Washington to advance his own reform agenda," Sweig said.

Advantage 1 is Cuba
a) Cuba’s government is collapsing – the government can’t use material needs to keep the population in check
Morris 11 (Emily, London Metropolitan University UK,  FORECASTING CUBA’S ECONOMY: 2, 5, AND 20 YEARS, Presented at the international symposium "Cuba Futures: Past and Present," organized by The Cuba Project Bildner Center for Western Hemisphere Studies at The Graduate Center/CUNY, http://web.gc.cuny.edu/dept/bildn/cuba/cubaforecasting.pdf-http://web.gc.cuny.edu/dept/bildn/cuba/cubaforecasting.pdf)

Risks in the short term Political risks arise from the process of transferring leadership from
AND
within the economies of the growth leaders, China and India. 14 C
b) US financing is necessary to avoid over reliance on Venezuela, hyper inflation, fatal economic constraints
Morris ’11 (Emily, London Metropolitan University UK,  FORECASTING CUBA’S ECONOMY: 2, 5, AND 20 YEARS, Presented at the international symposium "Cuba Futures: Past and Present," organized by The Cuba Project Bildner Center for Western Hemisphere Studies at The Graduate Center/CUNY, http://web.gc.cuny.edu/dept/bildn/cuba/cubaforecasting.pdf-http://web.gc.cuny.edu/dept/bildn/cuba/cubaforecasting.pdf)

Risks in the medium term Five years is a very long time in politics,
AND
exports or removal of restrictions on US and multilateral financial flows to Cuba.

c) Cuba government collapse inevitable under embargo
Dickerson ’10, Lieutenant Colonel Sergio M. Dickerson, 2010, "United States Security Strategy Towards Cuba," Strategy Research Project, www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U226doc=GetTRDoc.pdf26AD=ADA518053-http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U226doc=GetTRDoc.pdf26AD=ADA518053, ACC. 6-11-2013, JTJEDI
While economic pressure has failed to bring about government change, it could trigger a
AND
not exist for real change in U.S. – Cuba relations.

d) Instability 26 Cuban civil war spills over to collapse Latin American democracies 26 ignites new terror attacks
Tim Gorrell ’5, Lieutenant Colonel, "CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?" 3/18/5, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074-http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074, acc. 7/5/2013, JEDI
Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, Cuba’s
AND
the Americas. A proactive policy now can mitigate these potential future problems.
e) These attacks will deploy biological weapons against the US.
Bryan, director of the North-South Center’s Caribbean Program, 2001
(Anthony, "Terrorism, Porous Borders, and Homeland Security: The Case for U.S.-Caribbean Cooperation," October 21, Online:
http://www.cfr.org/publication/4844/terrorism_porous_borders_and20_homeland_20security.html-http://www.cfr.org/publication/4844/terrorism_porous_borders_and _homeland_ security.html)

Terrorist acts can take place anywhere. The Caribbean is no exception. Already the
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else to the clandestine manufacture and deployment of biological weapons within national borders.

Bioweapons are imminent and cause extinction – they’re easily obtainable and overwhelm our best defenses

Myhrvold, July 2013 ~Nathan, formerly Chief Technology Officer at Microsoft, is co-founder of Intellectual Ventures—one of the largest patent holding companies in the world, "Strategic Terrorism: A Call to Action", The Lawfare Research Paper Series  Research paper NO . 2, http://www.lawfareblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Strategic-Terrorism-Myhrvold-7-3-2013.pdf-http://www.lawfareblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Strategic-Terrorism-Myhrvold-7-3-2013.pdf, BJM~

Biotechnology is advancing so rapidly that it is hard to  keep track of all the
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cause compares with that of other calamities  that the human race has faced.

Advantage 2 is Trade
a) The current Cuban policy undermines US trade credibility and independently risks a trans-atlantic trade war
Morley 26 McGillion 05 associate professor of politics and international relations at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia 26 senior lecturer in journalism, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia. ~Morris Morley 26 Chris McGillion, Cuba, the United States, and the Post-Cold War World: The International Dimensions of the Washington-Havana Relationship, pg 9~

Second is the contradiction between America’s professed commitment to free trade and its Cuba policy
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with American "global leadership" in the post-Cold War era.
Yet this doctrine conflicts with the restrictive trade practices supported by the White House and
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the WTO and raising the possibility of a cross-Atlantic trade war.

b) Sanctions violate WTO norms, violation destroys WTO credibility
Hernandez-Truyol 9 Mabie, Levin 26 Mabie Professor of Law, University of Florida, Levin College  of Law ~Berta E. Hernandez-Truyol, Embargo or Blockade - The Legal and Moral Dimensions of the U.S. Economic Sanctions on Cuba, 4 Intercultural Hum. Rts. L. Rev. 53 (2009)~

2. WTO Legality of U.S. Sanctions against Cuba104
 Title IV’s effects on the ability of European corporations doing  business in Cuba-
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of President Bush’s Commission’s  recommendations was to put an end to such waiver.

2008 rice crisis caused by non-emergency embargo

Charles 11 – syndicated reporter and journalist for npr (Dan, "How the rice markets went insane", November 2, 2011, http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2011/11/02/141771712/how-fear-drove-world-rice-markets-insane, /jw)

Nothing is more basic and simple than food. Yet it comes to us courtesy
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governments can be confident that the global food system won’t go crazy again.

c) WTO credibility prevents resource constraints and crises  
Carbonnier 13 – Professor of Development Economics @ Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies ~Gilles Carbonnier-http://www.cepweb.org/author/gilles-carbonnier/ (Editor-in-chief of International Development Policy, President of the board of directors of CERAH, the Centre for Education and Research in Humanitarian Action, and founding member of CEP), "Resource Scarcity, Export Restrictions and the Multilateral Trading System," | Council on Economic Policies, April 10, 2013, pg. http://www.cepweb.org/resource-scarcity-export-restrictions-and-the-multilateral-trading-system/

A Greater Role for the WTO?¶ How pivotal should the WTO be in improving
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must contain the tendency to address resource scarcity through bilateral and exclusive deals.

e) High food prices and shortages are a catalyst for war – history empirically proves

Roston 12
 (Tom Roston, writer and editor who has been covering documentaries, movies and other aspects of American popular culture for close to 20 years, "A Brief History of Food 26 War," The Food Republic, January 11.) Accessed online at: http://www.foodrepublic.com/2012/01/11/brief-history-food-war
Last year’s Arab Spring, which toppled governments in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya,
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the talk about oil, it might just be bread that matters most.

Advantage 3 is overfishing
a) Lifting the economic embargo allows for science cooperation between the US and Cuba.
Lempinen 12 (Edward W., Public Information Officer at The World Academy of Sciences, "Oceans, Weather, Health—U.S. Researchers Explore Potential Collaboration with Cuban Colleagues," AAAS —- American Association for the Advancement of Science, 5-1-12, http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2012/0501cuba.shtml)
They are next-door neighbors, sharing all the amenities and challenges of the
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are "natural scientific partners," Pastrana said in an April email interview.

b) US Cuba cooperation is key to sustain biodiversity – the alternative results in ecosystem degradation and overfishing
PR Newswire 13
("United States Scientists Visit Cuba to Discuss Overfishing, Coral Reefs, Ocean Energy and Ocean Issues",http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/united-states-scientists-visit-cuba-to-discuss-overfishing-coral-reefs-ocean-energy-and-ocean-issues-65763572.html, 6/24/13, AZ)

RALEIGH, N.C., Oct. 23 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ —
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resources is critically important to the economies of coastal communities in both countries.

c) Scenario 1 is Food Security
Koster 11 Koster, operator of overfishing.org, 2011¶ (Pepijin, 2/1/2011, "Why is Overfishing a Problem?" Online: http://overfishing.org/pages/why_is_overfishing_a_problem.php-http://overfishing.org/pages/why_is_overfishing_a_problem.php FG)
In the first chapter we already discussed that globally fishing fleets are at least two
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eat. We might end up with a marine junkyard dominated by plankton." 

C/A the Roston evidence from trade – loss of food security causes war

Scenario 2 – coral reefs.

1. US - Cuba cooperation would help solve for growing threats to ocean biodiversity
   Luxner 09— Larry Luxner is news editor of The Washington Diplomat and editor of CubaNews.  His specialty is Latin America and the Middle East, and he’s written more than 2,000 articles for publications ranging from National Journal to Saudi Aramco World. ("Experts urge joint US-Cuba marine conservation effort"—5/2009 http://www.luxner.com/cgi-bin/view_article.cgi?articleID=1751)
   Saltwater fish, migratory birds, turtles and marine mammals couldn’t care less about the
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   , law and innovative private-sector partnerships to solve key environmental problems.
   US – Cuba cooperation is key to environmental policy spillover and regional perceptions of the US
   Conell 9 – Research associate for the Council on Hemispheric Affairs. (Christina, 6/16/2009, "The U.S. and Cuba: an Environmental Duo?" http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO0906/S00198.htm, HW)
   Cuba’s abundant natural resources need to be protected with heightened vigilance Lifting the trade embargo
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   based on mutual respect and the autonomy of each country’s sovereignty and traditions.

2. Coral reefs solve extinction – critical to curbing ocean acidification, necessary for breathable oxygen and the marine food web
Romm, Ph.D. in physics from MIT, 9
(Joseph, Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, "Imagine a World without Fish: Deadly ocean acidification — hard to deny, harder to geo-engineer, but not hard to stop — is subject of documentary," http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2009/09/02/204589/a-sea-change-imagine-a-world-without-fish-ocean-acidification-film/-http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2009/09/02/204589/a-sea-change-imagine-a-world-without-fish-ocean-acidification-film/, 6-30-13)

Other continental shelf regions may also be impacted where anthropogenic CO2-enriched water is
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500 parts per million, you put calcification out of business in the ocea

Tournament: Contact | Round: 1 | Opponent: Contact | Judge:
2A, Jack Werner: jvdubz@gmail.com
1A, Parker Mitchell: park.ben.mitchell@gmail.com