Tournament: St Marks | Round: 5 | Opponent: Bishop Guertin DI | Judge: Kirk Evans
The aff operates in an ontology of affirmation, subordinating individual agency in constant pursuit of a goal and destroying existence—in the face of action, the alternative is to refuse to act
Bataille 45 (Georges, “On Nietzsche”, pg. xxiii-xxv)rkezios
Nonetheless, I don't...tasks to fulfill.)

Tournament: CPS RR | Round: 5 | Opponent: CE Byrd GN | Judge: Chris Randall, Toby Jacob
Baudrillard is bullshit—vote neg

Dawkins 98 (Richard, Evolutionary Biologist, Postmodernism Disrobed, Nature, 9 July 1998, vol. 394, pp. 141-143.) we do not endorse ableist language
In similar manner...were stripped away. ¶

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: Doubles | Opponent: College Prep FP | Judge: Stephanie Garrett, Will Caplan, Maria Liu
The rule-based morality of the 1AC is a mechanism for eliminating the guilt inherent in responsibility – the goal of this project is the elimination of all moral choice.

Bauman 95 (Zygmunt Bauman, Prof. Sociology @ U of Leeds, "Life in Fragments: Essays in Postmodern Morality, p. 3-5)
It was only … of escaping it.

The hierarchies comprised of status quo power relations create estrangement that dehumanize – this destroys value to life

Radovanovi? 12 Olivera, University of Masaryk, Department of Sociology supervised by Csaba Szaló, PhD “Society as a Garden: Justification and Operationalization of Foucaldian “Right to Kill” in the Contemporary World” (http://is.muni.cz/th/236868/fss_m/Ma_Thesis_Olivera_Radovanovic.pdf)
Bureaucrats are, Bauman … the following chapter.

Tournament: Long Beach | Round: 4 | Opponent: Chaminade CR | Judge: Richard Mancuso
Externalizing ethics onto legal institutions trades off with personal ethics—turns the case and independently kills the value to life

Rozo 4 (Diego, MA in philosophy and Cultural Analysis, Forgiving the Unforgivable: On Violence, Power, and the Possibility of Justice, p. 19-21)PC We don’t endorse gendered language.
Within the legal...protects my existence.

Tournament: CPS RR | Round: 4 | Opponent: Niles West NP | Judge: Elyse Conklin, Juan Garcia
Their calculus presumes economic calculus to be rational—this is a flawed epistemology that will only produce the declension of value to life and endless violence

Bifo 11 (Franco Berardi is an is Italian Marxist theorist and activist in the autonomist tradition, whose work mainly focuses on the role of the media and information technology within post-industrial capitalism, After the Future , 09/20/11, http://www.sok.bz/web/media/video/AfterFuture.pdf, JJ)
More than ever...language and imagination.

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Leucadia Independent GY | Judge: Brian Manuel, Brock Hanson, David Heidt
Bioterror threat discourse is a self-fulfilling prophecy---degrades structural violence in an incessant atmosphere of paranoia
Leitenberg 9—senior research scholar, Center for Int. and Security Studies, School of Public Policy, U Maryland. Original academic training in Bio and Chem; researched at Albert Einstein Medical School, Department of Neurology; Vassar College; Northeastern University; and Washington University, St. Louis (Milton, The Self Fulfilling Prophecy of Bioterrorism, http://www.cissm.umd.edu/papers/files/leitenberg_prophecy.pdf)

The meat oF...any other country. 40

Tournament: CPS RR | Round: 5 | Opponent: CE Byrd GN | Judge: Chris Randall, Toby Jacob
The aff resuscitates the myth of the autonomous subject within the theme park of debate, convincing us there is still a space for radical subjectivity. This outlet allows us to become all the more complicit with capitalism

Bluhdorn, 6 Ingolfur, PhD, Reader in Politics/Political Sociology, University of Bath, “Self-description, Self-deception, Simulation: A Systems-theoretical Perspective on Contemporary Discourses of Radical Change,” Social Movement Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1–20
From this perspective...the autonomous subject.

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 3 | Opponent: Wayzata GN | Judge: Ross Garrett
Vote neg to start the movement against the burden of rejoinder

Cohn 13 (Nate, Former debater and current policy something-or-other, Post on Facebook College Policy Debate page 11/24/13, https://www.facebook.com/groups/184680248392191/permalink/185430014983881/)//LA
Why? Oddly, this...to do it.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: Octas | Opponent: University Prep DK | Judge: Elyse Conklin, Adam Grellinger, Claire McKinney
The exclusion of indigenous peoples provides the ontological grounding for modern sovereignty—any analysis which fails to foreground these histories is doomed to reproduce the horrors of colonialism

Byrd 11 (Jodi, Chickasaaw and Asst. Prof of American Indian Studies and English at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, The Transit of Empire: Indigenous Critics of Colonialism, p. xvii-xxi)--mm *We don’t endorse ableist language.
The Transit of...headed towards collapse.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 2 | Opponent: Niles West | Judge: Ben Schultz
Text: The Canadian federal government should Plan.

That solves the case

Jeffs 12 - President of the Canadian International Council a non-partisan, membership-based research council focused on international affairs, Ph.D. in International Political Economy (IPE) from the University of Toronto, (Jennifer, Latin America: Land of Opportunity, March 22, 2012, http://opencanada.org/features/blogs/dispatch/latin-america-land-of-opportunity/)//A-Berg
The recent Republican … have largely neglected.

Canada’s soft power prevents Sino-Japan war—it goes nuclear.

FATDC 12 – Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada, Stopping the Free-Fall Implications of SinoJapanese Rivalry for Regional Stability and Canadian Interests, 2012-09-14 http://www.international.gc.ca/arms-armes/isrop-prisi/research-recherche/intl_security-securite_int/yuan2007/section1a.aspx?lang=eng)//A-Berg
This report discusses … alliance protection wanes.

Extinction

Toon et. Al. 7 Department of Atmosphere and Oceanic Sciences, Laboratory for Atmosphere and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder (Owen B. Toon, 2 March 2007, “Consequences of Regional-Scale Nuclear Conflicts,” Science Magazine, Vol 315, http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/SciencePolicyForumNW.pdf)//KP
*Secondary authors include: Alan Robock (Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University), Richard P. Turco (Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California – Los Angeles), Charles Bardeen (Department of Atmosphere and Oceanic Sciences, Laboratory for Atmosphere and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder), Luke Oman (Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University; and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University), and Georgiy L. Stenchikov (Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University).
The world may … dawn of humans.

Tournament: Alta | Round: Semis | Opponent: College Prep AG | Judge: Elyse Conklin, Scott Odekirk, Roger Copenhaver
Laguna Pubelo member Leslie Marmon Silko presents the opening passage of her novel “Ceremony”
Ceremony I will...be defenseless then.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Austin SFA EE | Judge: Cade Cottrell
They are the Maoists, in love with the non-Western other for its perceived victimization. In their quest for self-subalternization, they inevitably deny the Other of its ability to speak for itself

Chow 93 (Rey Chow, Professor of Literature @ Duke, Writing Diaspora, a poorly-translated OCR of a Google Books preview, 1993)JA
The Orientalist has...our consciousnesses¶ "raised."

Tournament: TOC | Round: 4 | Opponent: Centennial KK | Judge: David Gobberdiel
Their idea of conscious social change denies desire—that causes conservatism
McGowan ‘13 (Todd, Assoc. Prof. of Film and Television Studies @ U. of Vermont, Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis, pp. 172-176)
For emancipatory politics...agents of authority.

Tournament: Contact Info | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All
Feel free to email one or both of us! We're happy to help.
lasimow14@students.polytechnic.org
jalison14@students.polytechnic.org

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 3 | Opponent: Chamblee Charter | Judge: Melanie Campbell
Turn—decreasing US influence is k2 stability

Crandall 11 – Associate Professor of International Politics at Davidson College and the author of The United States and Latin America After the Cold War. He was Principal Director for the Western Hemisphere at the U.S. Department of Defense in 2009 and  Director for Andean Affairs at the National Security Council in 2010-11 (Russell, “Post-American Hemisphere: Power and Politics in an Autonomous Latin America,” Foreign Affairs. 90.3 (May-June 2011): p83, http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/fora90anddiv=49andg_sent=1)//HAL
For much of …, 1970s, and 1980s.) 

The plan disrupts this—causes COUPS

Thyne 10 – Professor in the Department of Political Science, University of Kentucky, Ph.D., Political Science, University of Iowa, 2007 (Clayton L., Journal of Peace Research, “Supporter of stability or agent of agitation? The effect of US foreign policy on coups in Latin America, 1960–99,” http://jpr.sagepub.com/content/47/4/449)//HAL
Introduction¶ On 3 … sending the signal (Powell, 1990; Fearon, 1997).

Tournament: Long Beach | Round: 2 | Opponent: Notre Dame DP | Judge: Jon Williamson
Their political methodology is the encryption of constitutions--turns the case

Restrepo and Hincapíe 13 (Ricardo Sanín* and Gabriel Méndez, Universidad Javeriana (Colombia)* and Universidad Autónoma de Manizales and Universidad de Caldas (Colombia), The Encrypted Constitution: A New Paradigm of Oppression, 8/8/13, http://criticallegalthinking.com/2013/08/08/the-encrypted-constitution-a-new-paradigm-of-oppression/)//LA
Ever since judicial … immanent to democracy.

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 5 | Opponent: Westminster MO | Judge: Scott Phillips
Only the death drive makes life worth living and their life-affirmation culminates in fundamentalist violence

McGowan 13 (Todd, Prof @ U of Vermont, Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis, p. 224-7)LA
On the level...modernity necessarily forecloses.

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: Octas | Opponent: Bronx Science DM | Judge: Cade Cottrell, Alex Kosmatch, Mike Eisenstadt
The Aff’s call to “decolonize XXXXXXXXXXXXX” turns decolonization into an empty signifier for their goal, which ultimately relieves settlers’ guilt and hinders the project of actual decolonization
Tuck and Yang 12 (Eve Tuck is an assistant professor of educational foundations at the State University of New York at New Paltz. Her writing, which has been concerned with Indigenous theories, qualitative research, research ethics, and theories of change, has appeared in the Harvard Educational Review, the Urban Review and several edited volumes, including Ethical Futures in Qualitative Research and the Handbook of Critical and Indigenous Methodologies. and K. Wayne Yang is an assistant professor at UC San Diego. Ph.D., 2004, Social and Cultural Studies, University of California, Berkeley. 2012 “Decolonization is not a metaphor”, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. 1-­?40, http://decolonization.org/index.php/des/article/download/18630/15554)
Our goal in...and recognize incommensurability.

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 2 | Opponent: Blake SW | Judge: Ian Dalton
Deterrence is grounded on shoddy scholarship and legitimizes constant wars—reject their masculinist appeal to rationality 

Cohn and Ruddick, 3 – (Dr Carol Cohn is the Director of the Boston Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights, and a Senior Research Scholar at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. Her research and writing has focused on gender and international security, ranging from work on discourse of civilian defence intellectuals, gender integration issues in the US military, and, most extensively, weapons of mass destruction, and Sara Ruddick “A Feminist Ethical Perspective on Weapons of Mass Destruction” http://wiki.victorybriefs.com/downloads/0816/Cohn_and_Ruddick_03_A_Feminist_Ethical_Perspective_on_Weapons_of_Mass_Destruction.pdf)  
A so-called “realist"...not so weapons-dependent.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 3 | Opponent: Glenbrook North DK | Judge: Patrick Kennedy
Factual evidence is bad—vote neg on presumption

Dostoevsky 1866 (Fyodor, Famous Russian Novelist, Crime and Punishment, Pevear and Volokhonsky translation, p. 134-5)LA *We don’t endorse ableist language.
“They must have...handle the facts!”

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: Octas | Opponent: Bronx Science DM | Judge: Cade Cottrell, Alex Kosmatch, Mike Eisenstadt
Eco-Imperialism DA—their epistemology forcibly exports Western ecological values onto the third world under the guise of aid—turns the case

Soomin and Shirley 9, - Keimyung International College, Daegu, Republic of Korea, (Lim and Dr. Steven, “Eco-Imperialism: The Global North’s Weapon of Mass intervention,” Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences, 2009, Vol 1, No 3, 846-860)A-Berg
To break the...from the citizenry.

Tournament: Long Beach | Round: 4 | Opponent: Chaminade CR | Judge: Richard Mancuso
Abslute adherence to evidence based education perpetuates colonial dominance

Shahjahan 11 (Riyad Ahmen, Center for Leadership and Diversity @ U of Toronto, Decolonizing the evidence-based education and policy movement: revealing the colonial vestiges in educational policy, research, and neoliberal reform, Journal of Education Policy, 26(2), March 2011, p. 181-206)LA
Derived from western...critics mentioned above.

Tournament: ASU | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Damien CS | Judge: Kinsee Gaither, Sukhi Gulati, Thomas Liu
The use of empirical and statistical evidence for policymaking legitimates colonialism

Shahjahan 11 (Riyad Ahmen, Center for Leadership and Diversity @ U of Toronto, Decolonizing the evidence-based education and policy movement: revealing the colonial vestiges in educational policy, research, and neoliberal reform, Journal of Education Policy, 26(2), March 2011, p. 181-206)LA
Colonial hierarchies of...tools of governmentality. 

That causes extinction

Harvey ’06 David Harvey, “Spaces of Global Capitalism: A Theory of Uneven Geographical Development”, May 17 2006, Chapter 13
At times of...of global war.

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 3 | Opponent: Wayzata GN | Judge: Ross Garrett
Global financial flows constitute a symbolic order inevitably marred by failure—their attempt to control and manage it on a global scale will culminate in the destruction of morality

Connelly 13 (Stephen, Prof @ Birkbeck College, London, Critical Finance Law, Critical Legal Thinking Blog 11/11/13, http://criticallegalthinking.com/2013/11/11/critical-finance-law/)//LA *We don’t endorse ableist language. *Clarity edits to this text marked by |||.
Finance, then, is...unites these contradictions?

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 6 | Opponent: Bingham NW | Judge: Ryan Blais
The affirmative’s gender neutral account of sacrifice masks the appropriation of female reproductive power and violence against women. 

Roberts-Hughes 2008 (Rebecca, Erotic transgression and sexual difference in Georges Bataille, Kings College, http://kcl.academia.edu/RebeccaRobertsHughes/Papers/139881/Erotic_Transgression_and_Sexual_Difference_in_Georges_Bataille)
As well as...and no difference.

Tournament: ASU | Round: 6 | Opponent: Head Royce HL | Judge: Brian Brantley
Gendered language is a voting issue

Kleinmen 7 (Sherryl, Department of Sociology at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, March 11, 2007, Originally printed in the Center Line , a newsletter of the Orange County Rape Crisis Center,  “Why Sexist Language Matters” http://www.alternet.org/story/48856/why_sexist_language_matters)//JA
For years I've...sexist language matters.

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 6 | Opponent: Bingham NW | Judge: Ryan Blais
The aff is a double turn, winning means they fail to fail

Paul Mann, Literature prof @ Pomona, 1999, Masocriticism, p. 67-69
I would like...A double fatality.

They are cynical. This turns the aff

Welsh 13 (Scott, Prof @ Appalachian State U, The Rhetorical Surface of Democracy: How Deliberative Ideals Undermine Democratic Politics, p. 7)LA *We don’t endorse gendered language.
Nevertheless, Lippmann is...recommending it nevertheless.26

Tournament: Alta | Round: Octas | Opponent: Vashon SZ | Judge: Elyse Conklin, Richard Idriss, James Stevenson
Hegemony is a myth—the attempt to reassert legitimacy guarantees slaughter and imperialist wars

Gullì 13 (Bruno, Kingsborough Community College @ City University of New York, For the Critique of Sovereignty and Violence, Accessed online somewhere, p. 5-8)LA *Pronoun replaced by ||| in the body of this text.
I think that...and financial shift.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 6 | Opponent: Carrollton DT | Judge: Mike Bausch
Rational agricultural practice reduces the world to standing reserve

Von Maltzahn 94 (Kraft Eberhard, Prof @ King’s College (Halifax) and Dalhousie U, Nature as Landscape: Dwelling and Understanding, p. 47-52)LA
The conservationist wants...problem at hand.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 1 | Opponent: Notre Dame AB | Judge: Elsa Givan
The question “how should one act?” divorces ethics from individual essence--vote neg

May 5 (Todd, Prof @ Clemson U, Gilles Deleuze: An Introduction, accessed online somewhere, p. 5-6)LA
By withdrawing allegiance...which we live.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 4 | Opponent: Green Valley SY | Judge: Paul Montrieul
Holism solves extinction

Gullette 80 (Alan, Author of works about Buddhism, Towards a Philosophy of Holism, Winter 1980 Philosophy 4000: Process Philosophy, http://alangullette.com/essays/philo/holism.htm)//LA
Philosophy must be...phenomenon of existence.

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 4 | Opponent: Fairview HP | Judge: Kinsee Gaither
I can't post the cites for this yet, unfortunately. We just said that the Western conception of Human Rights legitimizes imperial intervention.

Tournament: Long Beach | Round: 4 | Opponent: Chaminade CR | Judge: Richard Mancuso
The aff reveals the perspective of the oppressed, and in so doing shares their secrets—this undermines the potential for resistance, turning the case

Hundleby 5 (Catherine, U of Windsor, The Epistemological Evaluation of Oppositional Secrets, Hypatia, 20(4), Fall 2005, p. 44-58)LA
I keep secrets...morally require secrecy.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All

Borders

The root cause of borders is the effect of language on the speaking subject—their failure to engage the K’s method turns the case

Viego 7 (Antonio, Prof @ Duke University, Dead Subjects: Toward a Politics of Loss in Latino Studies, p. 127-9; LA)
Powerful and hugely...and material resources. 

China

their understanding of China is predicated on self-identity, not objectivity—we must adjust our analyses toward an understanding of lack

Pan 4—prof school of international and political studies, Deakin U. PhD in pol sci and IR.  (Chengxin, “The and#34;China threatand#34; in American self-imagination: the discursive construction of other as power politics,” 1 June 2004, http://www.articlearchives.com/asia/northern-asia-china/796470-1.html)
Having examined how … U.S. foreign policy. 

Cosmopolitanism

The image of a utopian world of cosmopolitanism will inevitable run up against the kernel of the real—causes scapegoating (This card isn't about Cosmopolitanism if you were wondering lol)

Stavrakakis 99 (Yannis, Prof @ U of Essex, Lacan and the Political, p. 107-8)LA
In the light...brought totalitarian coercion. (Talmon, 1971: 95)

CTS

Their analysis is incomplete—doesn’t have a way of determining WHY discourses become dominant—only Lacanian discourse analysis solves the case

Solomon 10 (Ty, University of Florida, Affect and Identification in Foreign Policy, Doctoral Thesis, http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0041901/00001/1j)//LA
Even accepting that … war on terror.

Culture

Their respect for the culture of the “other” is just the university discourse spreading colonialism

Larsen 6 (Neil, UC Davis, Latin-Americanism without Latin America: ‘Theory’ as Surrogate Periphery in the Metropolitan University, A Contra Coriente: A Journal on Social History and Literature in Latin America, Vol. 3, No. 3, Spring 3006, 37-46, http://www.ncsu.edu/project/acontracorriente/spring_06/Larsen.pdf) LA
Latin-Americanism, at...and other, etc.

Disease

Their securitization of disease legitimizes expertise and social intervention—triggers otherization and racism

Campbell, 98 David - Proffesor of International Politics University of Newcastle, Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of IdentityV
However one might...foreigner, a stranger.and#34;

Their conception of disease normalizes an understanding of life as emergent and dangerous

Papadopoulos et al. 8 (Dimitris Papadopoulos*, Niamh Stephenson, and Vassilis Tsainos*, U of Leicester*, U of New South Wales, U of Hamburg*, Escape Routes: Control and Subversion in the Twenty-First Century, p. 126-9)LA
When the head...for their maintenance.

Economics

Rational economic calculations is the University discourse—the claim to know the market’s need is a justification for the existing order—the result is biopolitical mastery

Madra and Özselçuk 10 (Yahya M. and Ceren, U of Mass—Ahmerst and Bogazici U—Istanbul, Enjoyment as an economic factor: Reading Marx with Lacan, http://www.communityeconomies.org/site/assets/media/yahyamadra/Subjectivityv2b.pdf) LA
This fantasy frame … object of governmentality.

The affirmative’s fantasy of a perfect market is an attempt to grasp at the Lacanian Real—this causes the destruction of subjectivity and serial policy failure

Schroeder 98 (Jeanne L., Prof @ Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva U, The End of the Market: A Psychoanalysis of Law and Economics, Harvard Law Review 112(2), Dec 1998, p. 483-558)LA
It follows from...for this ideal.

A perfect market is structurally impossible as a result of lack—their failure to recognize this ruins policymaking

Schroeder 4 (Jeanne L., Prof of Law @ Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva U, The Triumph of Venus: The Erotics of the Market, p. 107-10)LA
Mainstream economics is...the “second best.”91

The creation of institutions to govern greed in the name of a perfect market denies the unconscious nature of markets

Madra and Özselçuk 10 (Yahya M. and Ceren, U of Mass—Ahmerst and Bogazici U—Istanbul, Enjoyment as an economic factor: Reading Marx with Lacan, http://www.communityeconomies.org/site/assets/media/yahyamadra/Subjectivityv2b.pdf)//LA *||| denotates additions to the text for highlighting clarity.
There is, then...economy cannot occur.

Their description of economic crisis ignores the libidinal causes of overconsumption—the modern command to “Enjoy!” renders their impacts terminally non-unique

Madra and Özselçuk 10 (Yahya M. and Ceren, U of Mass—Ahmerst and Bogazici U—Istanbul, Enjoyment as an economic factor: Reading Marx with Lacan, http://www.communityeconomies.org/site/assets/media/yahyamadra/Subjectivityv2b.pdf)//LA
2.2. A crisis of jouissance...levels of debt.

Engagement

The academic justification for a policy of direct engagement is an example of the University Discourse

Solomon 10 (Ty, University of Florida, Affect and Identification in Foreign Policy, Doctoral Thesis, http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0041901/00001/1j)//LA
If the Obama … toward this fantasy.6

Ethnicity

All subjects inevitable lack as a result of the structure of language—the 1AC’s attempt to theorize Latin America without recognizing this fact will only prop up racist understandings of the perfect self

Viego 7 (Antonio, Prof @ Duke University, Dead Subjects: Toward a Politics of Loss in Latino Studies, p. 15-16; LA)
As I briefly explained...are doing battle. 

Food Security

Their technocratic framing of food insecurity justifies securitization and violence

Alcock 9 (Rupert, graduated with a distinction in the MSc in Development and Security from the Department of Politics, University of Bristol in 2009, MSc dissertation prize joint winner 2009, “Speaking Food: A Discourse Analytic Study of Food Security” 2009, pdf available online, p. 10-14)V
Since the 1970s...its governmental rationale.

Hegemony

The heg advantage is a perfect example of the University discourse—it’s an attempt to use supposedly objective knowledge for the justification of particular policy recommendations

Solomon 10 (Ty, University of Florida, Affect and Identification in Foreign Policy, Doctoral Thesis, http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0041901/00001/1j)//LA
What conservatives, and … respect for libertyand#34; 1996, 27).

Failure to accept Lack creates a self-fulfilling prophecy in which the US scapegoats rogue nations/China/Iran as threatening to hegemonic stability—turns the case

Solomon 10 (Ty, University of Florida, Affect and Identification in Foreign Policy, Doctoral Thesis, http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0041901/00001/1j)//LA
Figures like China … again reach wholeness.

K Theory

The aff’s use of critical theory is the perfect example of the University discourse—it’s a machine constantly grouping and explaining cultural phenomena in terms of pre-existing categories—the result isn’t emancipation, but rather the destruction of individual subjectivity

Bryant 12 (Levi R., Collin College, TX, Critical Theory and University Discourse, 12/12/12, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/12/12/critical-theory-and-university-discourses/)//LA
So what sort …naive and suspect.

Knowledge

The aff has it all wrong—knowledge doesn't liberate people because it’s ultimately useless without DESIRE—only a strategy that rejects efforts at the authoritarian control of desire can solve

Alcorn 2 (Marshall W. Jr., George Washington University, Changing the Subject in English Class: Discourse and the Constructions of Desire, p. 2-6)LA
The central argument...resolution through discourse. 

Nature

Nature is the Lacanian real—the Lack will always intervene into their attempts to understand and control the environment—turns the case and perpetuates dangerous fantasy constructs

Swyngedouw 6 (Erik, Dept of Geography @ School of Environment and Development @ Manchester U, “Impossible Sustainability” and the Post-Political Condition, in David Gibbs and Rob Kreuger (eds.) Sustainable Development, http://www.liv.ac.uk/geography/seminars/Sustainabilitypaper.doc)//LA *We don’t endorse ableist language.
Meanwhile, as some...turn to next. 

They don’t get students involved in warming advocacy

Bryant 13 (Levi R., Collin College, TX, The Intentional Stance and the Functional Stance, 9/18/13, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2013/09/18/the-intentional-stance-and-the-functional-stance/)//LA
Do we need...intention to debate.

Repression

The ideal of lifting repression succumbs to constitutive lack—force them to answer the question of what they do when their utopian politics DON’T work

McGowan 13 (Todd, Prof @ U of Vermont, Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis, p. 263-6)LA
Perhaps the most...of the fourth.

Revolution

Revolutions against sovereignty come to desire a reaffirmation of state authority—the failure to accept Lack means we will always desire the conditions that continue our desire

Newman 4 (Saul, U of Western Australia, Interrogating the Master: Lacan and Radical Politics, Psychoanalys and Culture 2004, 9, p. 298-314)LA *We don’t defend gendered language. Pronoun replaced in the body of this text, marked by |||.
Psychoanalytic theory has...is permitted anymore’’’ (Grigg, Seminar XVII, Ch 8, p 3).

Science

Scientific investigation is a bad model for investigating nature—fetishes like objectivity are just feeble attempts to overcome the constitutive lack

Verhaeghe 9 (Paul, Prof @ U of Ghent (Belgium), Causality in Science and Psychoanalysis, in Lacan and Science, Eds. Jason Glynos and Yannis Stavrakakis, p. 134-8; LA)
The meeting ground..."la condition humaine".

Security

States desire ontological security as a result of a constitutive lack inherent in the very structure of language—the inability of subjects to overcome their split and divided nature is the root of all action

Solomon 10 (Ty, University of Florida, Affect and Identification in Foreign Policy, Doctoral Thesis, http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0041901/00001/1j)//LA
Although my analytical … ontological security literature.

Threats aren’t real because they create them psychically

Mack 91 (John E., Prof @ Harvard U, The Enemy System (short version), as published in The Lancet, http://johnemackinstitute.org/1988/08/the-enemy-system-short-version/)//LA *We don’t endorse gendered language.
The threat of...to the process.

The aff is paranoid and threats real isn't responsive
McGowan 13 (Todd, Prof @ U of Vermont, Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis, p. 44-9)LA
While nostalgia locates...their own enjoyment.

Scholarly Agency

The affirmative’s politicization of academic reflection is an attempt to suture the lack between academic and political agency—this fantasmatic project is doomed to failure

Welsh 12 (Scott, Prof of Communications @ Appalachian State U, Coming to Terms with the Antagonism between Rhetorical Reflection and Political Agency, Philosophy and Rhetoric 45(1), Muse, p. 2-14)LA *We don’t endorse ableist language. *Clarity edits to text marked by |||.
I argue that...is unavoidably tenuous.

Space

Fantasies of exploration are motivated by unconscious phantasies about regaining the omnipotent whole self
 
James S. Ormrod, Lecturer in Sociology at Univ. of Brighton, 2009 “Phantasy and Social Movements: An Ontology of Pro-Space Activism”, Social Movement Studies, Vol. 8, No. 2, 115–129, April 2009
The centrality of...universe was oriented. 

Technology

The affirmative's technological utopianism is symptomatic of the University Discourse--their claim to solve society's problems using technological advancement is a justification for mastery

Simpson 5 (Dave, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Thesis: Lacanian Psychoanalytic Theory and the Historical Progression of Discourse: The Shifting of Social and Institutional Identity in Post-World War II America, p. 263-8 http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09062005-205345/unrestricted/DPS_ETD.PDF.pdf) LA
This dissertation set...is severely lacking.

Terrorism

The affirmative’s construction of a terrorist threat is a tool of the University Discourse to mobilize supposedly objective knowledge for the purpose of justifying hegemonic political action

Solomon 10 (Ty, University of Florida, Affect and Identification in Foreign Policy, Doctoral Thesis, http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0041901/00001/1j)//LA
In addition to … S1 implicit order.

The war on terror is not a product of rational defense against the terrorist other but a refusal to accept that death might be a source of enjoyment and an imperial project in pursuit of infinite positivity. Only starting with an analysis of desire makes possible solving either terrorism or imperial overstretch

McGowan 13 (Todd, Prof @ U of Vermont, Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis, p. 159-63)LA *We don’t endorse ableist language.
Nowhere is the...authentic social bond.

The affirmative is a politics of pure life, moving always in pursuit of “the good.” This drive toward life is, of course, why they have no possibility for understanding the suicide terrorist, the person in love with death. Independently, only the death drive makes life worth living.

McGowan 13 (Todd, Prof @ U of Vermont, Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis, p. 224-7)LA
On the level...modernity necessarily forecloses.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 5 | Opponent: Gulliver Prep AS | Judge: Ameena Ruffin
Weve read a lot of different 1NC Cards. These are in rough order, but we may or may not read any one card in a particular debate.

Interpretation—The kritik is a litmus test. The team with the best method of questioning the assumptions of the 1AC should win the debate—unless the affirmative justifies their fundamental assumptions you vote negative to endorse preferable modes of knowledge production.

Now, the framing issue for the debate is that desire inevitably lacks as a result of the structure of language on the speaking organism

Solomon 10 (Ty, University of Florida, Affect and Identification in Foreign Policy, Doctoral Thesis, http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0041901/00001/1j)//LA
It is here … may be grounded.

The affirmative’s response to this conundrum is the perfect example of what Lacan calls the Discourse of the University, a discourse which weilds expert knowledge with the goal of sututing the lack and achieving society’s collective desire through political action

We’ll isolate several link arguments—First is their understanding of Latin America as a regional object in need of normative intervention by the US

Williams 8 (Gareth, U of Michigan, Deconstruction and Subaltern Studies, or, a Wrench in the Latin Americanist Assembly Line, Originally pub. In Treinta años de estudios literarios/culturales latinoamericanistas en Estados Unidos. Memorias, testimonios, reflexiones críticas by Hernán Vidal, http://faculty.arts.ubc.ca/jbmurray/blog/williams_wrench.pdf) LA
However, my ultimate … pages that follow.

MORE LINK ARGUMENTS HERE- See Link Section

This model is profoundly uneducational—the suppression of desire involved in the University discourse means it won’t produce good education, but rather automatons indoctrinated to maintain the status quo

Cho 9 (K. Daniel, Otterbein College, Psychopedagogy: Freud, Lacan, and the Psychoanalytic Theory of Education, Macmillan 2009, p.50-2; LA)
It should be … does not govern” (129). 

This functioning reduces subjects to bare life

Zizek 4 (Slavoj, Prof @ U of Ljubljana and Victoria’s Secret Model, Phd, From Politics to Biopolitics…and Back, The South Atlantic Quarterly, Muse; LA)
The university discourse … and#34;no-casualties-on-our-sideand#34; military doctrine.

Concern solely with survival creates a tyranny of survival and destroys all rights—independent reason to vote negative

Callahan 73 Daniel J. Callahan, The Tyranny of Survival: And other pathologies of civilized life. Pg 91-93 This evidence edited for gendered language, We don’t defend gendered language
That individuals, tribes, … or outright extinction.

Thus, the alternative is to “Vote negative to assume the position of hysteric subject alienated by the 1AC.” The result will be a process of constant questioning and critique of the 1AC’s assumptions which makes possible more robust knowledge production

Schroeder 8 (Jeanne L, Prof of Law @ Cardozo Law School, The Four Lacanian Discourses: Or Turning Law Inside-Out, Birkbeck Law Press, p.149-51; LA)
Now- and only … can be made.

Our model of self-reflexive critique is independently beneficial—hysteria rejects colonial dominance

Moreiras 97 (Alberto, Duke University, Theoretical Fictions and Fatal Conceits: The Neolibidinal Culture and the State, Dispositio/n XXII.49 (1997 2000): 43-62, JSTOR) LA
What organizes these … get to show it.

Flaws in our alternative aren’t justifications for voting aff—rejecting their scholarship is a sufficient reason to vote negative

Schroeder 98 (Jeanne L., Prof of Law @ Cardozo Law School, Commentary: The End of the Market: A Psychoanalysis of Law and Economics, 112 Harv. L. Rev. 483) LA
Although I end … the new alternative.

Plan focus is a link—the failure to interogate assumptions independently causes violence

Butler 2k (Judith, Prof @ UC Berkeley and European Graduate School, Changing the Subject: Judith Butlerand#39;s Politics of Radical Resignification, interview conducted by Olson, Gary A.; Worsham, Lynn, JAC: A Journal of Composition Theory, v20 n4 p727-65 Fall 2000, http://jaconlinejournal.com/archives/vol20.4/olson-changing.pdf) LA
A. Iand#39;m always glad … fundamen- tally capacious way.

Training debaters solely so that one day they might enter the “real world” of policymaking is counterproductive and only recreates repressive structures

Levinson 7 (Brett, New York State @ Binghamton, In Theory, Politics Does not Exist, http://pmc.iath.virginia.edu/text-only/issue.907/18.1levinson.txt) LA
We noted that, … will get one.and#34;

University discourse produces flawed scholarship through its suppression of opposing viewpoints

Gunder and Hillier 9 (Michael and Jean, U of Auckland and Newcastle U, Planning in Ten Words or Less: A Lacanian Entanglement with Spatial Planning, p.111-2; LA)
The hegemonic network, … a zero-sum game (Blair and Kumar 1997).

Desire comes first—only a prior Lacanian analysis of the fantasies underpinning policy formulation can avoid serial policy failure

Fotaki 10 (Marianna, Organization Studies Group @ Manchester Business School, Why do public policies fail so often? Exploring health policy-making as an imaginary and symbolic construction, Organization 2010 17: 703, Sage, 713-716)Utnif
Towards an alternative...organizations and society.

Now, the framing issue for the debate is that desire inevitably lacks as a result of the structure of language on the speaking organism—the affirmative’s utopian response to the ills of society is representative of the inate desire for a complete social order, foreclosing the possibility of accepting loss and traversing the fantasy

Edkins 3 (Jenny, U of Wales Aberystwyth, Trauma and the Memory of Politics, p. 11-14)LA *Pronoun replacements by ||| in the text.
In the psychoanalytic...closed social order.

Thus, the alternative is to “Vote Negative to assume the position of the Analyst.” This process of radical critique and questioning of the affirmative’s assumptions forces them to accept Lack and traverse the fantasy

Bracher 93 (Mark, Prof @ Kent State U, Lacan, Discourse and Social Change, Cornell University Press, p.68-74)LA
It is only...three logical steps.

This discourse is not the benign guidance for society it claims to be—rather, it is a veiled justification for greater domination and mastery

Schroeder 8 (Jeanne L, Prof of Law @ Cardozo Law School, The Four Lacanian Discourses: Or Turning Law Inside-Out, Birkbeck Law Press, p.53-5)LA *We don’t endorse gendered language.
S2 now occupies...power over others. 

This functioning is profoundly uneducational and reduces subjects to bare life

Clarke 12 (Matthew, Prof @ U of New South Wales, The Other Side of Education: A Lacanian Critique of Neoliberal Education Policy, Other Education: The Journal of Education Alternatives, 1(1), p. 46-60)LA *Clarity edits to text market by |||. *We don’t endorse ableist language.
What Lacan recognizes...neoliberalism’s prosaic prescriptions.

Individual analysis comes first—the rush to social change locks in authoritarianism in its attempt to overcome lack—this also SLAYS the perm

Rothenberg 10 (Molly Anne, Prof @ Tulane U, The Excessive Subject: A New Theory of Social Change, p. 215-17, accessed online somewhere…idr)LA
No doubt political...tightly knit group.

Only the death drive makes life worth living and their life-affirmation culminates in fundamentalist violence

McGowan 13 (Todd, Prof @ U of Vermont, Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis, p. 224-7)LA
On the level...modernity necessarily forecloses. 

Falsifiability is silly

Matthews 1/3 (Daniel, Post-Modern Absurdities: Chomsky, Post-Structuralism, and Science, Critical Legal Thinking Blog, 1/3/14, http://criticallegalthinking.com/2014/01/03/post-modern-absurdities-chomsky-post-structuralism-science/)//LA *We don’t endorse ableist language.
Secondly, implicit in...that Chomsky does.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 2 | Opponent: Niles West | Judge: Ben Schultz
Interpretation—The kritik is a litmus test—The team with the best method for questioning the assumptions of the 1AC should win the debate—unless the affirmative justifies their fundamental assumptions the alternative can be a more productive way of engaging the resolution

The affirmative’s attempt to theorize Latin America for the purpose of normative intervention is the perfect example of the Discourse of the University, a discourse which wields expert knowledge with the goal of suturing the lack and achieving society’s collective desire—this causes serial policy failure

Williams 8 (Gareth, U of Michigan, Deconstruction and Subaltern Studies, or, a Wrench in the Latin Americanist Assembly Line, Originally pub. In Treinta años de estudios literarios/culturales latinoamericanistas en Estados Unidos. Memorias, testimonios, reflexiones críticas by Hernán Vidal, http://faculty.arts.ubc.ca/jbmurray/blog/williams_wrench.pdf) LA
However, my ultimate … pages that follow.

OTHER LINKS READ HERE- See Lacan Links Section

University Discourse’s hidden mastery is an exercise in power over populations which reduces subjects to bare life

Zizek 4 (Slavoj, Prof @ U of Ljubljana and Victoria’s Secret Model, Phd, From Politics to Biopolitics…and Back, The South Atlantic Quarterly, Muse; LA)
The university discourse … and#34;no-casualties-on-our-sideand#34; military doctrine.

The alternative: “Vote negative to assume the position of the hysteric subject alienated by the 1AC.and#34; Only placing one’s self in the position of the subject excluded by the law allows us to effectively question hegemonic knowledge production 

Moreiras 97 (Alberto, Duke University, Theoretical Fictions and Fatal Conceits: The Neolibidinal Culture and the State, Dispositio/n XXII.49 (1997 2000): 43-62, JSTOR) LA
What organizes these … to show it.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Austin SFA EE | Judge: Cade Cottrell
The presentation of their 1AC as a manifesto allows it to be commodified by capital and destroyed

Mann 99 (Paul Mann, Professor of English at Pomona College, Masocriticism, 1999 p3-4)JA
These are the...produce precisely nothing.

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: Octas | Opponent: Bronx Science DM | Judge: Cade Cottrell, Alex Kosmatch, Mike Eisenstadt
Marriage metaphors are bad and a voting issue—they enforce structures of heteronormavity based on the idea of combining difference

Hudak and Giammattei 10 (Jaqueline and Shawn V., Liscenced Couple and Family therapists, Doing Family: Decentering Heteronormativity in “Marriage” and “Family” Therapy, in American Family Theraphy Academy Monograph Series Winter 2010, ed. Jane Ariel, Pila Hernández-Wolfe, and Sarah Stearns, http://www.afta.org/files/2010_Monograph.pdf#page=51)//LA
The words “marriage”...satisfied, and happy.

Tournament: Alta | Round: Semis | Opponent: College Prep AG | Judge: Elyse Conklin, Scott Odekirk, Roger Copenhaver
Mestiza Consciousness suppresses the racial subjectivity of Afro-Peruvians

Falcon 8, http://www.academia.edu/179084/Mestiza_Double_Consciousness_The_Voices_of_Afro-Peruvian_Women_on_Gendered_Racism
Perú, similar to...the African Diaspora (Clarke and Thomas 2006; Gaspar and Hine 1996; Harris 1982; Knight, Talib, and Curtin 1989). 

Turns the Case

Falcon 8, http://www.academia.edu/179084/Mestiza_Double_Consciousness_The_Voices_of_Afro-Peruvian_Women_on_Gendered_Racism
The image of...their borderland existence.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 2 | Opponent: Niles West | Judge: Ben Schultz
No Mexico overheating now—prefer our ev—macroeconomic indicators

Goforth, 12 – (Sean, author of Axis of Unity: Venezuela, Iran and the Threat to America, “Overheating economies: cause for alarm in the southern cone,” http://mexicotoday.org/article/overheating-economies-cause-alarm-southern-cone)
I can’t let … win the race.

US investment causes FAST and LARGE capital inflows

Villarreal, 12 – (Angeles Villarreal Specialist in International Trade and Finance August 9, 2012 “U.S.-Mexico Economic Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications” http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32934.pdf)
Foreign direct investment … overall production process. 

That collapses the Mexican economy

BIS, 10 – (Bank for International Settlements, José Sidaoui, Manuel Ramos-Francia and Gabriel Cuadra“Global liquidity, capital flows and challenges
for policymakers: the Mexican experience“2010 (date is most recent cite), http://www.bis.org/publ/bppdf/bispap57q.pdf)
In general, capital … and economic activity. 

INSERT IMPACT

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 3 | Opponent: Wayzata GN | Judge: Ross Garrett
We just fired 1/5 of our nuclear launch officers yesterday—their miscalc scenario is inevitable 

Van Auken 1/31 (Bill, World Socialist Website, New scandals rock US nuclear command, 1/31/14, http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2014/01/31/mili-j31.html)//LA *We don’t endorse gendered language.
The Pentagon has...basic democratic rights.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 3 | Opponent: Chamblee Charter | Judge: Melanie Campbell
Shift to plurilateralism now but the plan reverses it—checks all offense

Sidhu 9 (W Pal, East-West Institute, Plurilateralism and the New World Order, Borderline, Live Mint and The Wall Street Journal, 12/13/9, http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/BP4ayGgupsYGohDqu8HhnJ/Plurilateralism-and-the-new-world-order.html)//LA
Similarly, pessimistic strategists … new world order.

That turns the case—hotspot escalation and economic conflict

Cerny 93 (Phillip G., Rutgers University, Plurilateralism: Structural Differentiation and Functional Conflict in the Post-Cold War World Order, Millenium- Journal of International Studies, 22(27), Sage Pub)LA
It would appear … some of them.

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Leucadia Independent GY | Judge: Brian Manuel, Brock Hanson, David Heidt
Cooperation isn’t neutral—it’s a veiled strategy of integration into the US-led world order that necessitates exclusion

Campbell 7 (David, Prof @ Durham U, Performing Security: The Imaginative Geographies of Current US Strategy, 2007)BG
It is important...geographies of exclusion.

Tournament: TOC | Round: 5 | Opponent: University Prep DK | Judge: Shree Awsare
The 1AC is an example of museumification, wherein they control not only the content of their aff but its specific mode of interpretation

Groys 13 (Boris, Global Distinguished Professor of Russian and Slavic Studies at New York University, Entering the Flow: Museum between Archive and Gesamtkunstwerk, from lecture at Museo Reina Sophia, http://www.e-flux.com/journal/entering-the-flow-museum-between-archive-and-gesamtkunstwerk/)~-~-mm
At this point...of their existence.

Tournament: CPS RR | Round: 4 | Opponent: Niles West NP | Judge: Elyse Conklin, Juan Garcia
NADBank funding allocations destroy the BECC

George Kourous (directs the IRC's BIOC program, Writer, Editor and Senior Program Associate at International Relations Center (IRC)) October 2000 “The Great NADBank Debate” ProQuest
 Smothering BECC
Because this debate...consultation is undertaken." 

BECC k2 water management

COCEF 12 - La Comisión de Cooperación Ecológica Fronteriza
(“Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy and Transportation: Project Opportunities in the U.S. – Mexico Border Region,” http://www.cocef.org/Eng/VLibrary/Publications/SpecialReports/BECC20WP2020Nov20201120index.pdf)//BB
SECTION 4: BECC – THE BORDER...the focus sectors.

Kills Biodiversity

Bergkamp, 06 (Ger, head of the Water Programme at lUCN, member of the Global Water Programme, “Groundwater and Ecosystem Services: towards their sustainable use”, 3/10/2006, http://aguas.igme.es/igme/ISGWAS/Ponencias ISGWAS/13-Bergkamp.pdf)
Groundwater is an...heavily on groundwater (Morris et al., 2003).

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Austin SFA EE | Judge: Cade Cottrell
The affirmative is a pedagogy of damage, presenting the Taino people as an oppressed one and striving for change—this focus on damage makes identity predicated on the condition of oppression, foreclosing change

Tuck 9 – State University of New York
(Eve, “Suspending Damage: A Letter to Communities”, Harvard Educational Review Vol. 79 No. 3 Fall 2009, dml)
Some scholars have...and of color. (p. 11)

Tournament: CPS RR | Round: 5 | Opponent: CE Byrd GN | Judge: Chris Randall, Toby Jacob
Baudrillard misreads native epistemology

Lane 13 (Richard J, Professor of English at Malaspina University-College, “Jean Baudrillard” April 3, 2013. Google eBook. Pages 1893-1894) RH
These are sonic...this "general picture".

That means they can’t solve the aff—you can’t solve a problem with the same mind that created it

Zimmerman 6 (Mary Jane Ph. D, Discussion Leader @ Partnership for Earth Spirituality and Prof of Literature @ Holy Names U and Central New Mexico Community College, Being Nature’s Mind: Indigenous Ways of Knowing and Planetary Consciousness, 2/2/6, http://www.earthspirituality.org/archive/zimmerman_seminar.htm)//LAfromMM *We don’t endorse ableist or gendered language. *Clarity edits to this text marked by |||.
Those caveats having...life on earth.

Tournament: CPS RR | Round: Semis | Opponent: Pine Crest LM | Judge: Christina Tallungan, Juan Garcia, Stephen Pipkin
Their ethical project will always fail because it is grounded in the Western academy’s exclusion of native epistemologies 

Hester and Cheney 1 (Lee and Jim, Associate Prof of American Indian Studies @ University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma and Dept of Publications in Environmental Philosophy at University of Wisconsin-Manitowoc, Truth and Native American Epistemology, Social Epistemology 15(4), p.319–34) RH *We don’t endorse ableist language.
Making use of...knowledge to maturity.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Notre Dame LP | Judge: Sam Haley-Hill, Ross Garrett, Andre Washington
Their representations of trafficking are not neutral—furthering legislation leads to sexual exploitation of indigenous women and cultural erasure 

Naomi 13 (Naomi, indigenous founder of Kwe Today—fierce indigenous feminism, “Human Trafficking and Indigenous Women In the 21st Century,” http://kwetoday.com/2013/03/22/human-trafficking-and-indigenous-women-in-the-21st-century/) MM
Within a Canadian...bodies and sexuality.

Tournament: Alta | Round: Semis | Opponent: College Prep AG | Judge: Elyse Conklin, Scott Odekirk, Roger Copenhaver
The world is a black, hopeless place, but the affirmative’s politics of optimism and affirmation cause us to ignore our own complicity in violence—negation resolves the aff better

Pozo 9 (ANTONIO GUTIÉRREZ, Filozofická fakulta, Sevilská univerzita, Sevilla, Španielsko POZO, A. G.: Utopia in Black: The Negative Aesthetics of Adorno and the Contemporary Black Art, FILOZOFIA 64, 2009, No 5, p. 481-6)--mm *We don’t endorse holocaust rhetoric.
The Materialistic Aesthetics...through the works.

Tournament: Stanford | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Damien LR | Judge: Jorge Toledo, Michael Barclay, Mark Bibas
Second is dialogic clarity – your education is meaningless if we have nothing to say

Gerald Graff, University of Englishand Education, University of Illinois at Chicago, Clueless in Academe: How Schooling Obscures The Life of The Mind, ‘3, p. 11-12
But an even...of the mind.

Third is ideological coalitions – you prevent self-reflexive politics
Torvalds and Diamond ‘1
Linus (Creator of Linux) and David (freelance contributor to the New York Times and Business Week); “Why Open Source Makes Sense”; Educause Review; November/December; p. 71-2 nick
It's the best...no, er, peer.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 3 | Opponent: Glenbrook North DK | Judge: Patrick Kennedy
Physical reality doesn’t exist—everything the mind perceives is constructed and contingent—vote neg on presumption
Ophuls 11 - former member of the U.S. Foreign Service and has taught political science at Northwestern University (Ophuls, William. “Plato's Revenge: Politics in the Age of Ecology.” 19 August 2011, p. 48-52) RH
The new view...complex (or chaotic).

Their egoist assertion of meaning kills value to life
Ophuls 11 - former member of the U.S. Foreign Service and has taught political science at Northwestern University (Ophuls, William. “Plato's Revenge: Politics in the Age of Ecology.” 19 August 2011, p. 46-47) RH
But physics is...of that notion.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 2 | Opponent: Niles West | Judge: Ben Schultz
This makes war inevitable and increases Chinese nationalism—vote negative to reject the aff’s discursive stance.

Pan 4 (Political Science, Australian National U, Chengxin, Department of Political Science at Australian National University, “The ‘China Threat’ in American Self-Imagination: The Discursive Construction of Other as Power Politics”, Alternatives, June-July, ebscohost)
I have argued … might become possible.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 5 | Opponent: Bishop Guertin DI | Judge: Kirk Evans
The thesis of our criticism is that people escape—the affirmative’s focus on particular events of revolution and revolt obscures the transformative nature of the status quo’s everday practices. The question of this debate shouldn’t be the final endpoint of transforming a system, but rather how to begin.

Papadopoulos et al. 8 (Dimitris Papadopoulos*, Niamh Stephenson, and Vassilis Tsainos*, U of Leicester*, U of New South Wales, U of Hamburg*, Escape Routes: Control and Subversion in the Twenty-First Century, p. xii-xiii)LA *Pronouns replaced by ||| in the body of this text.
This book is...have a name.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 5 | Opponent: Bishop Guertin DI | Judge: Kirk Evans
The thesis of our criticism is that people escape—the affirmative’s focus on particular events of revolution and revolt obscures the transformative nature of the status quo’s everday practices. The question of this debate shouldn’t be the final endpoint of transforming a system, but rather how to begin.

Papadopoulos et al. 8 (Dimitris Papadopoulos*, Niamh Stephenson, and Vassilis Tsainos*, U of Leicester*, U of New South Wales, U of Hamburg*, Escape Routes: Control and Subversion in the Twenty-First Century, p. xii-xiii)LA *Pronouns replaced by ||| in the body of this text.
This book is...have a name.

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 6 | Opponent: Bingham NW | Judge: Ryan Blais
Interpretation: The 1AC was a performance. They have to win both a political and a performative defense of it or else you vote negative on presumption.

Also, the debate is about what the 1AC was, not what it could have been—don’t be concerned with mutual exclusivity

Evans 13 (Rashad, Former debate coach @ Emporia State U, https://www.facebook.com/groups/318979761518379/permalink/542109029205450/, October 14th 2013)?
Rashad Evans: Counter...best challenges Y.

Tournament: ASU | Round: Octas | Opponent: Loyola AC | Judge: Jake Ziering, Lizzy Canarie, Leah Clark
Policy predictions fail—disregard the long causal link chains

Tetlock and Gardner 11 (Dan* and Philip, Prof of organizational behavior @ the Haas Business School @ UC-Berkeley* and columnist and senior writer, 7/11/11, Overcoming Our Aversion to Acknowledging Our Ignorance, http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/07/11/dan-gardner-philip-tetlock/overcoming-our-aversion-acknowledging-our-ignorance)//EM
The editors may...of the same.

Tournament: ASU | Round: 6 | Opponent: Head Royce HL | Judge: Brian Brantley
The 1AC’s attempt to preemptively bracket out our criticism functions as a normalization of the doctrine of preemption—the impact is biopolitics and the destruction of the right to life

Goh 6 (Irving, Harvard University and National University of Singapore, Disagreeing Preemptive/Prophylaxis: From Phillip K. Dick to Jacques Rancière, Fast Capitalism 2.1, http://www.uta.edu/huma/agger/fastcapitalism/2_1/goh.html) LA

1. In the world...chance of hypothesis.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Bellarmine PR | Judge: Stephen Goldberg
The affirmative’s logic of preemption as per their utilitarianism and security logic arguments should be rejected – prevents them from being open to the other and justifices violence
De Goede 8
Security Dialogue April 2008 vol. 39 no. 2-3 155-176 icle: Beyond Risk: Premediation and the Post-9/11 Security Imagination Author: De Goede, M. Journal: Security dialogue ISSN: 0967-0106 Date: 04/2008 Volume: 39 Issue: 2-3 Page: 155 DOI: 10.1177/0967010608088773 Marieke de Goede is Professor of Politics, with a focus on 'Europe in a Global Order,' at the Department of Politics of the University of Amsterdam Previously, she worked as Senior Lecturer at the Department of European Studies of the University of Amsterdam. She received her doctorate in International Politics from the University of Newcastle in 2001. She previously held the Vera List Fellowship at the Graduate Faculty of the New School University in New York (1997-1998) and a post-doctoral Fellowship of the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) (2001-2003).
Through its self-conscious...speculate’ (emphasis added).

Tournament: Long Beach | Round: 6 | Opponent: Juan Diego LM | Judge: John Hines
They canand#39;t empirically falsify the 1AC. 

Vote neg on presumption.

Tournament: Alta | Round: Semis | Opponent: College Prep AG | Judge: Elyse Conklin, Scott Odekirk, Roger Copenhaver
Recognizing privilege makes hierarchies of the oppressed—turns the case
Smith 13 (Andrea, indigenous activist, “The Problem with “Privilege” http://unsettlingamerica.wordpress.com/2013/09/17/the-problem-with-privilege/) MM
In my experience...occasion for self-reflexivity.

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 6 | Opponent: Bingham NW | Judge: Ryan Blais
The framing argument for this debate is that desire inevitably lacks as a result of the structure of language on the speaking organism—the affirmative’s fantasmatic politics are depoliticizing

Edkins 3 (Jenny, U of Wales Aberystwyth, Trauma and the Memory of Politics, p. 11-14)LA *Pronoun replacements by ||| in the text.
In the psychoanalytic...closed social order.

Vote negative to refound politics on the death drive. Any project, no matter how negative its content, still retains a hint of positivity and progress, the ideal of a better world. In contrast, the alternative invests in the limit, abandoning the project of the good for the project of revolutionary enjoyment 

McGowan 13 (Todd, Prof @ U of Vermont, Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis, p. 16-22)LA *Clarity edits to this text marked by |||. *We don’t endorse ableist language.
And yet some...of the good.

The impact to their attempt to overcome the lack is scapegoating and genocide

Stavrakakis 99 (Yannis, Prof @ U of Essex, Lacan and the Political, p. 99-105)LA
In order to...99 different ways (seminar of 21 November 1962).

The first link argument is RECOGNITION—their radicalism may be all well and good, but tying it to a desire for recognition by an external social authority such as the judge produces a form of dependence on authority that turns the case

McGowan 13 (Todd, Prof @ U of Vermont, Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis, p. 87-90)LA
When subjects enter...to recognition's appeal.

The second link argument is Politicization—the tying of their advocacy to a larger structure and purpose ignores the fact that we are all just cogs in the neoliberal machine that we call debate. All advocacy is mediated through the plane of academia, the space of absolute war—the only ethical option is to evacuate all meaning from the ballot, to become the proverbial wrench

Emmelhainz 13 (Irmgard, Ph.D. from U of Toronto and independent writer, translator and researcher based in Guatemala City where she teaches cinematic analysis, Art and the Cultural Turn: Farewell to Committed, Autonomous Art?, e-flux, http://www.e-flux.com/journal/art-and-the-cultural-turn-farewell-to-committed-autonomous-art/)~-~-mm *We don’t endorse gendered language *Clarity edits marked by |||
Neoliberal policies tend...gain or lose.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: Octas | Opponent: University Prep DK | Judge: Elyse Conklin, Adam Grellinger, Claire McKinney
The framing issue for the debate is that all subjects inevitable lack as a result of the structure of language on the speaking organism—the 1AC’s conception of race and ethnicity without recognizing this fact will only prop up racist understandings of the perfect self

Viego 7 (Antonio, Prof @ Duke University, Dead Subjects: Toward a Politics of Loss in Latino Studies, p. 15-16; LA)
As I briefly...are doing battle. 

The desire for identity is the desire for a fixed a whole subject position in the understanding of the Other—embracing anxiety is key

Bryant 14 (Levi R., Prof @ Colin College TX, Three Models of the Subject, Larval Subjects 1/16/14, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2014/01/16/three-models-of-the-subject/#more-7537)//LA
In these discussions...of all subjectivization. 

This conception of a racialized subject turns the case, resulting in dehumanization

Viego 7 (Antonio, Prof @ Duke University, Dead Subjects: Toward a Politics of Loss in Latino Studies, p. 226-8; LA)
Those of us...they practice insight?

The affirmative considers racism as political but race as neutral, fighting the specific oppressions individuals’ encounter in the same of some essentialized conception of race. This ideal produces jouissance, the horrific and secret hiding of one’s own conflicted subject position in the name of purity

Seshadri-Crooks 2k (Kalpana, Boston College, Desiring Whiteness: A Lacanian Analysis of Race, p. 6-9)LA *We don’t defend ableist language.
I am suggesting...investment in it.

The alternative is to assume the position of the Hysteric subject alienated by the 1AC. This alternative method of knowledge production accepts the inevitability of lack, reconfiguring our knowledge production based upon a rejection of fantasy

Viego 7 (Antonio, Prof @ Duke University, Dead Subjects: Toward a Politics of Loss in Latino Studies, p. 133-5; LA)
Generally speaking, the...the United States.

Tournament: TOC | Round: 5 | Opponent: University Prep DK | Judge: Shree Awsare
The affirmative’s attempt to link a socially comprehensible ideal of IDENTITY onto the fundamental unknowability that is the individual SUBJECT merely serves to reinforce the regime of racial signification that is the root cause of their impacts—by placing themselves into the symbolic order of racial signification, they’ve undermined their own potential for resistance

Bryant 14 (Levi R., Prof @ Colin College TX, Three Models of the Subject, Larval Subjects 1/16/14, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2014/01/16/three-models-of-the-subject/#more-7537)//LA
In these discussions...of all subjectivization. 

Vote negative to destabilize the regime of racial signification—this adversarial aesthetics doesn’t take issue with resistance to the material impacts of the 1AC, merely the BASIS upon which they resist them, namely identity—desuturing subject from identity opens up new possibilities for a politics of lack that solves the aff

Seshadri-Crooks 2k (Kalpana, Boston College, Desiring Whiteness: A Lacanian Analysis of Race, p. 158-60)LA
In presenting my...promised by Whiteness.

This debate is about methodologies for resistance—they’ve made a choice to invest power in signifiers like “black” and “white” and this choice was a mistake they should be responsible for

Newman 1 (Saul, U of Western Australia, From Bakunin to Lacan: Anti-Authoritarianism and the Dislocation of Power, p. 3-4)LA *We don’t endorse ableist language.
However, the problem...and social reality.

Their static conception of identity devolves into binaristic and violent antagonism between various identity positions—this “identity-checking” undermines their performative resistance

Gaztambide 14 (Daniel J., Doctoral Candidate @ Grad School of Applied and Professional Psychology @ Rutgers U and Adjunct Lecturer @ Hunter College Silberman School of Social Work, I’m Not Black, I’m Not White, What Am I? The Illusion of the Color Line, in Psychoanalysis, Culture and Society 19(1), 2014, p. 89-97)LA *We don’t endorse ableist language.
What we often...its own cause.

Tournament: TOC | Round: 4 | Opponent: Centennial KK | Judge: David Gobberdiel
The affirmative’s attempt to link a socially comprehensible ideal of IDENTITY onto the fundamental unknowability that is the individual SUBJECT merely serves to reinforce the regime of racial signification that is the root cause of their impacts—by placing themselves into the symbolic order of racial signification, they’ve undermined their own potential for resistance

Bryant 14 (Levi R., Prof @ Colin College TX, Three Models of the Subject, Larval Subjects 1/16/14, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2014/01/16/three-models-of-the-subject/#more-7537)//LA
In these discussions...of all subjectivization. 

Vote negative to destabilize the regime of racial signification—this adversarial aesthetics doesn’t take issue with resistance to the material impacts of the 1AC, merely the BASIS upon which they resist them, namely identity—desuturing subject from identity opens up new possibilities for a politics of lack that solves the aff

Seshadri-Crooks 2k (Kalpana, Boston College, Desiring Whiteness: A Lacanian Analysis of Race, p. 158-60)LA
In presenting my...promised by Whiteness.

American multicultural identity politics will inevitably reinscribe myths because of the jouissance present 

Hattori ’99 (Tomo, Prof. of Asian Studies @ Cal State Northridge, “Model Minority Discourse and Asian American Jouis-Sense” differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies, Volume 11, Number 2, pp. 230-233)
A close reading...against dominant culture.

This debate is about methodologies for resistance—they’ve made a choice to invest power in signifiers like “asian” and “white” and this choice was a mistake they should be responsible for

Newman 1 (Saul, U of Western Australia, From Bakunin to Lacan: Anti-Authoritarianism and the Dislocation of Power, p. 3-4)LA *We don’t endorse ableist language.
However, the problem...and social reality.

Tournament: ASU | Round: 4 | Opponent: South Anchorage JV | Judge: Paul Chotras
The 1AC’s attempt to legislate equality using humanitarian intervention is doomed to failure because it presupposes an inequality between the helper and the helped—turns the case

May 8 (Todd, Prof @ Clemson U, The Political Thought of Jacques Rancière: Creating Equality, Edinburgh U Press, p. 151-3) LA
For Rancière, the...or massacred men.”20

Vote negative to reject the 1AC’s justifications for action in favor of an endorsement of equality as a presupposition to their politics—only reversing the plan’s relationship to equality can solve

May 8 (Todd, Prof @ Clemson U, The Political Thought of Jacques Rancière: Creating Equality, Edinburgh U Press, p. 46-49) LA
To think of...one’s own equality.

Tournament: Alta | Round: Semis | Opponent: College Prep AG | Judge: Elyse Conklin, Scott Odekirk, Roger Copenhaver
The aff is a desire for their recognition BY the law for the very act of BREAKING the law—that creates harmful pathologies which turn the case

Dolar 6 (Mladen, Jan Van Eyck Academie, A Voice and Nothing More, p. 177-180)LA
But in her...all too well.

Tournament: TOC | Round: 5 | Opponent: University Prep DK | Judge: Shree Awsare
Their invocation of a coherent “American” identity-set is built on the simultaneous colonization of Indigenous lands—it’s not the USA, it’s the Red Continent—indicates their failure of their red politics to be sufficient

Hoxie ‘8 (Friedrich E., Swanlund Professor in the Department of History, University of Illinois, Urbana/Champaign, “Retrieving the Red Continent: settler colonialism and the history of American Indians in the US” Ethnic and Racial Studies” Volume 31, Issue 6) *We don’t endorse ableist language.
Gilroy's conceptual framework...on American identity.

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 6 | Opponent: Bingham NW | Judge: Ryan Blais
Ressentiment is inevitable but resisting it only causes us to use it unconsciously—it’s GOOD to consciously utilize ressentiment to change politics

Dolgert 10 (Stefan, Prof @ Brock U, In Praise of Ressentiment: OR, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Glen Beck, APSA 2010 Annual Meeting Paper, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1642232)//LA
Ressentiment is not...is currently located.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Glenbrook North CH | Judge: Stephen Weil
Their only verification of the 1AC is social science data—
Vote neg on presumption—these studies can’t be applied to policy formulation

Davies 4 (Philip, PhD, Government Chief Social Researcher’s Office, Prime Minister’s Strategy Unit, Is Evidence-Based Government Possible?, Lecture presented to the 4th Annual Campbell Collaboration Colloquium)LA
Methodological Problems and … can be established.

Tournament: ASU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Phoenix Country Day GW | Judge: Cade Cottrell
Turns the case

Davies 4 (Philip, PhD, Government Chief Social Researcher’s Office, Prime Minister’s Strategy Unit, Is Evidence-Based Government Possible?, Lecture presented to the 4th Annual Campbell Colaboration Colloquium)LA *We don’t defend ableist language.
Pilot Studies and...and Mouth crisis (Royal Society, 2002).

Tournament: Blake | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Glenbrook South CK | Judge: Donnie Grasse, Val McIntosh, David Weston
The aff’s identification with the state destroys agency and the value to life—reforming the state without first changing our relationship with it triggers all their harms

Schaffer 7 (Butler, Prof @ Southwestern U School of Law, Identifying with the State, LewRockwell.com, http://archive.lewrockwell.com/shaffer/shaffer159.html)//LA *We don’t endorse ableist language.
One of the...in our lives.

Tournament: ASU | Round: 6 | Opponent: Head Royce HL | Judge: Brian Brantley
The normative question “what should we do?” misses the point—the affirmative’s refusal to accept the potentiality of radical passivity forcloses actual change and is doomed to create little Eichmmans

Snoek 12 (Anke, PhD in Philosophy Dept @ Macquarie U, Agamben’s Joyful Kafka)CNM *We don’t endorse gendered language.
Given the preceding...reverse political situations.

Tournament: CPS RR | Round: 5 | Opponent: CE Byrd GN | Judge: Chris Randall, Toby Jacob
They aren’t the only ones—discussion of suicide in academic spaces causes suicide clusters

GOULD 3, MADELYN. Media Contagion and Suicide Among the Young Published AMERICAN BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST, Vol. 46 No. 9, May 2003 (is a professor of psychiatry and public health (epidemiology) at Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, and a research scientist at theNew York State Psychiatric Institute. Her grants include projects to examine risk factors for teenage suicide, cluster suicides, the impact of the media on suicide, the effect of suicide on fellow students, and the utility of telephone crisis services for teenagers. She participated in the 1978 President’s Commission on Mental Health and the Secretary of Health and Human Services’ Task Force on Youth Suicide (1989). She was an expert reviewer in 1998 for the National Suicide Prevention Conference on Advancing the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention, authored the chapter on youth suicide prevention, as part of the Surgeon General’s 1999 National Suicide Prevention Strategy, and has served as a leadership consultant for the Surgeon General’s Leadership Working Group for a National Suicide Prevention Strategy. She received the Shneidman Award for Research from the American Association of Suicidology (AAS) in 1991) http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/bioethics/nyspi/material/MediaContagionAndSuicide.pdf -kpb
Since 1990, the...greatest for teenagers (Phillips and Carstensen, 1986).

Those are a voting issue—they cause the suicides of other random adolescents 

Frank J. Zenere.  2009 "Suicide Clusters and Contagion" Student Services (Student Services is produced in collaboration withthe National Association of School Psychologists (NASP).)
(Zenere is the school psychologist for the Miami–Dade County Public School’s Student Services Crisis Team. He is a past Chair of the National Association of School Psychologists National Emergency Assistance Team.) -kpb
Youth suicide is...responsibility—to prevent

Suicide is not a response to capitalism. For the demographics most likely to commit suicide, it’s due to irrationality or the idea that life has already been fulfilling enough

Smilansky 12 (Saul, Prof. Phil, Univ. Haifa Israel, Life is Good, S. Afr. J. Philos. (2012) 31(1)) We do not endorse ableist language
2. Taking suicide seriously:...become quite weak.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 1 | Opponent: James Logan BC | Judge: Adam Grellinger
Agricultural sustainability is so ideologically charged that it tends to trade off with other social priorities like racism

ALLEN 93 – ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR CENTER AGROECOLOGY UC SANTA CRUZ
FOOD FOR THE FUTURE, PAGE 1-2
Athough the goal...for achieving sus¬tainability.

This approach precludes solvency

BDA 13 (The Biodynamic Farming and Gardening Association, Biodynamics Blog: More Humus, More Humanity, 11/11/13, http://biodynamicsbda.wordpress.com/2013/11/11/more-humus-more-humanity/)//LA
As the workshop...wholes, new beings.

Tournament: TOC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Glenbrook South CK | Judge: Evan Jones
The affirmative’s environmental strategy depoliticizes nature, reducing debate and contestation to a simple question of what to do in the face of impending catastrophe—this necessitates violence 

Swyngedouw 9 (Erik, Prof of Geography @ U of Manchester, The Antimonies of the Postpolitical City: In Search of a Democratic Politics of Environmental Production, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 33(3), September 2009, p. 601-620)LA *We don’t endorse ableist language.
This retreat of...turn to next.

Depoliticization is the end of politics, locking in biopolitical management and destroying all value

Swyngedouw 10 (Erik, Prof of Geography @ U of Manchester, Apocalypse Forever?: Post-Political Populism and the Spectre of Climate Change, Theory Culture Society 23(2-3), p. 213-232)LA
Consensually established concerns...‘Rio Summit’, etc. . . .).

Any utopian future will require the creation of scapegoats—you should ask the affirmative the hard questions like what they’ll do when countries DON’T conform to their new sustainability guidelines

Stavrakakis 99 (Yannis, Prof @ U of Essex, Lacan and the Political, p. 107-8)LA
In the light...brought totalitarian coercion. (Talmon, 1971: 95)

The reliance on empirical and statically-verifiable evidence for policymaking negates individual agency and locks in colonialism

Shahjahan 11 (Riyad Ahmen, Center for Leadership and Diversity @ U of Toronto, Decolonizing the evidence-based education and policy movement: revealing the colonial vestiges in educational policy, research, and neoliberal reform, Journal of Education Policy, 26(2), March 2011, p. 181-206)LA
Colonial hierarchies of...tools of governmentality. 

The application of expertise and scientific knowledge to particular instances of sustainable policy is exemplary of the discourse of the University, a flawed model for policymaking

Gunder and Hillier 9 (Michael and Jean, U of Auckland and Newcastle U, Planning in Ten Words or Less: A Lacanian Entanglement with Spatial Planning, p.151-4; LA) *Verb tense change marked by |||.
Sustainability purports to...these other issues.

This turns the case—they don’t get students involved in warming advocacy

Bryant 13 (Levi R., Collin College, TX, The Intentional Stance and the Functional Stance, 9/18/13, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2013/09/18/the-intentional-stance-and-the-functional-stance/)//LA
Do we need...intention to debate.

This functioning is profoundly uneducational and reduces subjects to bare life

Clarke 12 (Matthew, Prof @ U of New South Wales, The Other Side of Education: A Lacanian Critique of Neoliberal Education Policy, Other Education: The Journal of Education Alternatives, 1(1), p. 46-60)LA *Clarity edits to text market by |||. *We don’t endorse ableist language.
What Lacan recognizes...neoliberalism’s prosaic prescriptions.

The alternative is to reject the aff and traverse the fantasy. Only a psychoanalytic lens makes possible effective policymaking and avoids serial policy failure

Fotaki 10 (Marianna, Organization Studies Group @ Manchester Business School, Why do public policies fail so often? Exploring health policy-making as an imaginary and symbolic construction, Organization 2010 17: 703, Sage, 713-716)Utnif
Towards an alternative...organizations and society.

This doesn’t preclude solutions to warming, but it does necessitate a rejection of the aff’s quick-fix mentality

Bracher 93 (Mark, Prof @ Kent State U, Lacan, Discourse and Social Change, Cornell University Press, p.78-80)LA
A strictly psychoanalytic...by the analyst. 

We have to embrace that the apocalypse is already here and stop trying to prevent it—only traversing the fantasy can repoliticize the environment and create actual change

Swyngedouw 13 (Erik, Prof of Geography @ U of Manchester, Apocalypse Now! Fear and Doomsday Pleasures, Capitalism Nature Socialism 24(1), p. 9-18)LA *Clarity edits to this text marked by |||.
In light of...and sides taken.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Notre Dame LP | Judge: Sam Haley-Hill, Ross Garrett, Andre Washington
“Empower” means to grant authority – distinct from “increase”
em•pow•er (?m?pa? ?r) 

v.t. 

1. to give official...ability; enable. 1645–55 em•pow?er•ment, n.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 5 | Opponent: Gulliver Prep AS | Judge: Ameena Ruffin
A. Interpretation—“its” means possessive

Glossary of English Grammar Terms, 2005  
(http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/possessive-pronoun.html)
Mine, yours, his, … belongs to me.)

Removing sanctions is appeasement

Stern 6 (Martin, University of Maryland Graduate, Debunking detente, 11/27/06, http://www.diamondbackonline.com/article_56223e79-7009-56a3-8afe-5d08bfff6e08.html)
Appeasement is defined … define the word.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Bellarmine PR | Judge: Stephen Goldberg
Interpretation—Or means they can only engage one topic country
Merriam Webster 14 (Merriam Webster Dictionary, retrieved online, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/or)//JA

Or-used as...or six days

Tournament: Alta | Round: Octas | Opponent: Vashon SZ | Judge: Elyse Conklin, Richard Idriss, James Stevenson
Interpretation: the plan text must be properly punctuated.

Violation—there’s no period at the end of the plan text

Vote negative for grammar—it’s a key internal link to precision and clash and lets them spike CP competition

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 3 | Opponent: Chamblee Charter | Judge: Melanie Campbell
A. Interpretation—“economic engagement” is EXCLUSIVELY economic

Jakstaite 10 (Gerda, Doctoral Candidate Vytautas Magnus University Faculty of Political Sciences and Diplomacy (Lithuania), “CONTAINMENT AND ENGAGEMENT AS MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES” BALTIC JOURNAL OF LAW and POLITICS VOLUME 3, NUMBER 2 (2010), DOI: 10.2478/v10076-010-0015-7)
The approach to … conditional-unconditional economic engagement.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: Semis | Opponent: Highland Park TX HS | Judge: Jenny Heidt, Jordan Foley, Abe Corrigan
That means accompanying actions are extra-topical

Yeung 4 (Henry Wai-chung Yeung Geography, National University of Singapore 1992; PhD, Geography, University of Manchester, UK 1995Strategic Governance and Econom Diplomacy in China: The Politica Economy of Government-linked Companies from Singapore http://link.springer.com/article/10.10072Fs12140-004-0009-8?LI=true#page-1)
In this paper, … by parent GLCs.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Bellarmine PR | Judge: Stephen Goldberg
Here’s the resolution

NFL 13 (National Forensics league website, http://www.nationalforensicleague.org/aspx/nav.aspx?navid=227)//LA
Current Topics Policy...Mexico or Venezuela.

Can’t use the “S” in the U.S.

Prasanna 12 (Sandeep, The Diacritics Blog citing data and dictionaries, Toward(s?) a better understanding, 3/1/12, http://thediacritics.com/2012/03/01/towards-a-better-understanding/)//LA Note: AP=associated press, US news service. Guardian=British.
There are many...the OED authors.

Their aff is bad training for news media employment

Vittorioso 11 (Steve, InkHouse, a PR and Social Content agency for large businesses, Twelve Common Mistakes of AP Style, 4/19/11, http://www.inkhouse.net/twelve-common-mistakes-of-ap-style/)//LA
I remember when...upward, downward, etc.

The impact is authoritarianism and extinction

Giroux 9/10 (Henry A., Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Intellectuals as Subjects and Objects of Violence, Truthout, 9/10/13, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/18704-intellectuals-as-subjects-and-objects-of-violence)//LA
Of course, education...name of empire.

Tournament: ASU | Round: 4 | Opponent: South Anchorage JV | Judge: Paul Chotras
Interpretation “Will” implies certainty—that’s distinct from “should” 

Black’s Law 79 (Black’s Law Dictionary – Fifth Edition, p. 1237)
Should. The past...“will” sometimes does.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 3 | Opponent: Chamblee Charter | Judge: Melanie Campbell
The 1AC frames trafficking victims as in need of saving—this understanding locks in imperialism

Leslie 04 (Jeffrey Leslie – Professor of History and Politics at the University of New Brunswick, Saint John, March, 2004, “US Anti-trafficking Policy and Neo-Imperial Masculinity: The Right Man for the Job”, http://citation.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/0/7/2/9/5/pages72953/p72953-1.php) MD
This new anti-trafficking …global sex workers.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 5 | Opponent: Bishop Guertin DI | Judge: Kirk Evans
Text: Lev and I advocate the entirety of the 1AC except the translation of “El General” by Los Tigres del Norte into English.
Translation is a form of language imperialism—they’ve said representations are key, which means this turns the case

Pattenberg 12 (Thorsten, German scholar at the Institute of World Literature of Peking University and author, 6/25/12, The East-West Dichotomy, “What is Language Imperialism?” http://www.east-west-dichotomy.com/what-is-language-imperialism/)//JA
Lev and I do not endorse gendered language
BEIJING/TOKYO –Language Imperialism is...another people’s language (T. Pattberg)

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 2 | Opponent: Niles West | Judge: Ben Schultz
Cutting emissions washes sulfate aerosols out of the atmosphere – causes rapid warming

Connor 90 Steve, Science Editor of The Independent (London), “Carbon dioxide cuts and#39;may heat up earthand#39;”, The Independent (London), August 19, 1990, pg. 7
MANand#39;S attempts to … warming we expected.and#39;and#39;

The loss of sulfate aerosols will have a rapid impact on climate change

Henson 98, Director at University Coperation for Atmospheric Research, 1998
Bob, National Center for Atmospheric Research, “Particles of Doubt”, April 10, http://www.ucar.edu/communications/highlights/1998/particles.html
Sulfates are sprinters …, and Southeast Asia.

Aerosols guarantee slow warming, but rapid warming will CAUSE EXTINCTION

Freedman, senior science writer for Climate Central, 2005
Andrew, “Keep warming below threshold to avert and#39;runaway climate change,and#39; report says”, Greenwire, January 25, 2005
Industrialized nations must … on the climate.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 6 | Opponent: Carrollton DT | Judge: Mike Bausch
Their top-down conception of warming solutions is just a veiled resource grab—only voluntary adjustment can solve

Shiva 12 (Vandana, Philosopher, Environmental Activist, and Eco-Feminist, Author of 20 books and 500 papers, Imposed Austerity vs Chosen Simplicity: Who Will Pay For Which Adjustments?, Published on Other News, http://www.ethicalmarkets.com/2012/03/01/imposed-austerity-vs-chosen-simplicity-who-will-pay-for-which-adjustments/)recut from NU MV by LA
The world is...protected and respected.

Tournament: Alta | Round: Octas | Opponent: Vashon SZ | Judge: Elyse Conklin, Richard Idriss, James Stevenson
Water scarcity and conflict aren’t objective descriptions of reality but rather the product of capitalist control and historical situation

Swyngedouw 6 (Erik, Prof @ Dept of Geography @ School of Environment and Development @ Manchester U, Power, Water, and Money: Exploring the Nexus, Human Development Report 2006, Occasional Paper, http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2006/papers/swyngedouw.pdf)//LA
Mainstream accounts of...in socio-economic power.