Tournament: St Marks | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Stratford OS | Judge: Ryan Galloway, Paul Johnson, David Herman
“Mad” and “crazy” pertain to someone with a neurosis- modern discourse uses these terms as dismissive ways to marginalize people-when we use ableist language we hurt those who have disabilities

Kali, self-identified disabled blogger, 10 (Brilliant Mind Broken Body: Living with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, “I am not your Metaphor,” October 17, 2010, http://brilliantmindbrokenbody.wordpress.com/2010/10/17/i-am-not-your-metaphor/, Accessed:7/6/12, LPS)
Mad/crazy – Here’s one...a new one.

Disabling language perpetuates ignorance and misconceptions in regards to the lived experience of people with disabilities

Ben-Moshe, Doctorate in Disabilities studies, 5 (Liat, 4-1-05, The Graduate School, Syracuse University, “Building Pedagogical Curb Cuts: Incorporating Disability in the University Classroom and Curriculum,” http://www.syr.edu/gradschool/pdf/resourcebooksvideos/Pedagogical20Curb20Cuts.pdf, accessed: 7-5-2012, p.109, CAS)
We learn about...people with disabilities.

Tournament: ASU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Leland AG | Judge: Nisarg Patel
Contention One—The Advantage
The United States travel ban against Cuba is an unconstitutional violation of the fundamental right to international travel—this justifies tyranny and the destruction of other key freedoms

Crumpacker 5 (Tom, Lawyer and M.A. in Latin American studies @ Georgetown U, A Constitutional Right to Travel to Cuba, 1/17/5, www.counterpunch.org/2005/01/15/a-constitutional-right-to-travel-to-cuba/)kdh
Our government has … down Mr. Reagan’s wall.

These restrictions are inhumane and violate international law—they’re a prerequisite to the possibility of government repression

Wilkinson and Manuel 5 (Daniel Wilkinson, managing director of the Americas division at Human Rights Watch, expert on Latin America, authored reports on human rights issues in Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, the United States, and Venezuela, graduate of Yale Law School, Anne Manuel, research director at Americas Watch, Families Torn Apart The High Cost of U.S. and Cuban Travel Restrictions, Human Rights Watch, October 2005, Vol. 17, No. 5 (B), www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/cuba1005.pdf kdh)
IV. Freedom of Movement … Committee's high standard.

The right to international travel is a vital aspect of egalitarian democracy and serves as a bulwark against all other injustices

Woods 96 (Jeanne, Prof of Law @ U of Loyola New Orleans, Travel that Talks: Toward First Amendment Protection for Freedom of Movement, George Washington Law Review, Vol. 65, No. 301, 1996, Lexis Nexis)SG
Free movement by … economic embargo laws.

Independently, international travel upholds democracy

Woods 96 (Jeanne, Prof of Law @ U of Loyola New Orleans, Travel that Talks: Toward First Amendment Protection for Freedom of Movement, George Washington Law Review, Vol. 65, No. 301, 1996, Lexis Nexis)LA
The promotion of … condemned for visiting.

The impact is the death of democratic politics—permitting economic and political motivations to dictate policy legitimates an era of disposability in which lives have no value and the government can justify eugenics and violence

Giroux 10 (Henry, Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Memories of Hope in the Age of Disposability, 9/28/10, http://archive.truthout.org/memories-hope-age-disposability63631)//SG
The new culture … vibrant democratic state.

We’ll control uniqueness—structural and political trends ensure disposability

Giroux 12 (Henry, Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Why Donand#39;t Americans Care About Democracy at Home?, Truthout, 10/02/12, http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/11872-henry-a-giroux-why-dont-americans-care-about-democracy-at-home)//JA
Neoliberalism and the … recession and American politics.

Our political vision is crucial to the decryption of constitutions—that independently destroys democracy and causes decisionmaking in closed forums

Restrepo and Hincapíe 13 (Ricardo Sanín* and Gabriel Méndez, Universidad Javeriana (Colombia)* and Universidad Autónoma de Manizales and Universidad de Caldas (Colombia), The Encrypted Constitution: A New Paradigm of Oppression, 8/8/13, http://criticallegalthinking.com/2013/08/08/the-encrypted-constitution-a-new-paradigm-of-oppression/)//LA
Ever since judicial … immanent to democracy.

Nuclear miscalculation and genocide are inevitable absent our ethic—must hedge against technocratic models of decisionmaking

Fasching 93 (Darrell J., Prof of Religious Studies @ U of South Florida, The Ethical Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima, p. 232-233)UM
These technological barbarians, … must be subordinated.

Thus, the plan: The United States federal government should normalize its travel relations with Cuba.

Contention Two—Framing
To reform legal institutions in the name of justice is the ultimate expression of freedom

Sokoloff 5 (William W., Prof @ USC and UC Irvine, Between Justice and Legality: Derrida on Decision, Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 58, No. 2, Jun. 2005, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3595634?seq=1)//JA
Derrida places imperatives … of political life.

The state is inevitable—means there’s an absolute ethical responsibility to STRIVE toward making it ethical—solvency isn’t a question

Simmons 99 (William Paul, Prof @ U of Arizona, Formerly ASU and Bethany College, The Third: Levinas’ Theoretical Move from An-Archical Ethics to the Realm of Justice and Politics, Philosophy and Social Criticism, 25(6), p. 83-104, http://theology.co.kr/wwwb/data/levinas/1-levinas.pdf)//LA
We should also … wants to secure.

The failure to reform the state triggers authoritarianism—politics keeps going without you

Boggs 2k (Carl, Prof of Political Science@ U of Southern California, The End of Politics: Corporate Power and Decline of the Public Sphere, p. 250-1)GDI
But it is … Burkean muddling-through theories.  

Only our politics of hope can actualize agency and create change

Giroux 9/27 (Henry, Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Interviewed by Seth Kershner, Librarian @ Northwestern Connecticut Community College, Critique is Not Enough: Teaching and Learning with Henry Giroux, 9/27-2/13, Counterpunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/09/27/teaching-and-learning-with-henry-giroux/)//LA We don’t defend ableist language.
Also, young people...forward with this.

There’s a moral obligation to act against injustice even when our words won’t have an effect 

Filice 90 (Carlo, Asst Prof of Philosophy @ State University of New York, On the Obligation to Keep Informed about Distant Atrocities, Geneseo, Human Rights Quarterly, Aug, Vol. 12, No. 3. p. 397-414)UM
Objection 111: Help only those … to parochial matters. 

Utilitarian calculus makes decisionmaking impossible—justifies the worst atrocities in a framework of “necro-economics”

Weizman 11 (Eyal, Prof of visual and spatial cultures @ Goldsmiths, U of London, The Least of All Possible Evils: Humanitarian Violence from Arendt to Gaza, p. 8-10)UM
The theological origins … in this impossibility.17

Concern solely with survival justifies a “tyranny of survival” in which all other rights, including the right to life, can be freely violated

Callahan 73 (Daniel, Co-Founder and former director of The Hastings Institute, PhD in philosophy from Harvard University, The Tyranny of Survival, p 91-93)
The value of survival … or outright extinction.

Intervening actors check their impacts—can’t be responsible for events beyond our direct control

Gewirth 83 (Alan, philosopher, Human Rights: Essays on Justification and Applications, p 230-231)
A third distinction … rights of blacks.

Extinction is inevitable—this is an opportunity to prioritize ethics

Clark 10 (Nigel, Senior Lecturer in Geography @ Open U, Ex-Orbitant Generosity: Gifts of Love in a Cold Cosmos, Parallax, Vol. 16, No. 1, p. 80-95)dml
In this way, … us, then who?

Policy predictions fail—disregard the neg’s causal link chains

Tetlock and Gardner 11 (Dan* and Philip, Prof of organizational behavior @ the Haas Business School @ UC-Berkeley* and columnist and senior writer, 7/11/11, Overcoming Our Aversion to Acknowledging Our Ignorance, http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/07/11/dan-gardner-philip-tetlock/overcoming-our-aversion-acknowledging-our-ignorance)//EM
The editors may … more of the same.

Apocalyptic threat discourse fosters bad decisionmaking

Gross and Gilles 12 (Matthew Barrett Gross is the editor of the Glen Canyon Reader and is a media strategist who has worked for Howard Dean's groundbreaking 2004 presidential campaign and Jon Tester's successful campaign for U.S. Senate in Montana. More Matthew Barrett Gross.Mel Gilles is a writer and a former advocate for victims of domestic abuse. Her essay, "The Politics of Victimization," went viral in 2004, reaching more than 2 million readers, The Last Myth: What the Rise of Apocalyptic Thinking Tells Us About America, pp123---125)
Flip through the … like global warming.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 2 | Opponent: Hillcrest HO | Judge: Elyse Conklin
Contention One—The Advantage
The United States travel ban against Cuba is an unconstitutional violation of the fundamental right to international travel—this justifies tyranny and the destruction of other key freedoms

Crumpacker 5 (Tom, Lawyer and M.A. in Latin American studies @ Georgetown U, A Constitutional Right to Travel to Cuba, 1/17/5, www.counterpunch.org/2005/01/15/a-constitutional-right-to-travel-to-cuba/)kdh
Our government has … down Mr. Reagan’s wall.

These restrictions are inhumane and violate international law—they’re a prerequisite to the possibility of government repression

Wilkinson and Manuel 5 (Daniel Wilkinson, managing director of the Americas division at Human Rights Watch, expert on Latin America, authored reports on human rights issues in Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, the United States, and Venezuela, graduate of Yale Law School, Anne Manuel, research director at Americas Watch, Families Torn Apart The High Cost of U.S. and Cuban Travel Restrictions, Human Rights Watch, October 2005, Vol. 17, No. 5 (B), www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/cuba1005.pdf kdh)
IV. Freedom of Movement … Committee's high standard.

The right to international travel is a vital aspect of egalitarian democracy and serves as a bulwark against all other injustices

Woods 96 (Jeanne, Prof of Law @ U of Loyola New Orleans, Travel that Talks: Toward First Amendment Protection for Freedom of Movement, George Washington Law Review, Vol. 65, No. 301, 1996, Lexis Nexis)SG
Free movement by … economic embargo laws.

Independently, international travel upholds democracy

Woods 96 (Jeanne, Prof of Law @ U of Loyola New Orleans, Travel that Talks: Toward First Amendment Protection for Freedom of Movement, George Washington Law Review, Vol. 65, No. 301, 1996, Lexis Nexis)LA
The promotion of … condemned for visiting.

The impact is the death of democratic politics—permitting economic and political motivations to dictate policy legitimates an era of disposability in which lives have no value and the government can justify eugenics and violence

Giroux 10 (Henry, Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Memories of Hope in the Age of Disposability, 9/28/10, http://archive.truthout.org/memories-hope-age-disposability63631)//SG
The new culture … vibrant democratic state.

We’ll control uniqueness—structural and political trends ensure disposability

Giroux 12 (Henry, Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Why Donand#39;t Americans Care About Democracy at Home?, Truthout, 10/02/12, http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/11872-henry-a-giroux-why-dont-americans-care-about-democracy-at-home)//JA
Neoliberalism and the … recession and American politics.

Our political vision is crucial to the decryption of constitutions—that independently destroys democracy and causes decisionmaking in closed forums

Restrepo and Hincapíe 13 (Ricardo Sanín* and Gabriel Méndez, Universidad Javeriana (Colombia)* and Universidad Autónoma de Manizales and Universidad de Caldas (Colombia), The Encrypted Constitution: A New Paradigm of Oppression, 8/8/13, http://criticallegalthinking.com/2013/08/08/the-encrypted-constitution-a-new-paradigm-of-oppression/)//LA
Ever since judicial … immanent to democracy.

Nuclear miscalculation and genocide are inevitable absent our ethic—must hedge against technocratic models of decisionmaking

Fasching 93 (Darrell J., Prof of Religious Studies @ U of South Florida, The Ethical Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima, p. 232-233)UM
These technological barbarians, … must be subordinated.

Thus, in accordance with such an ethic of progressive democracy and openness to the Other, Plan: The United States federal government should normalize its travel relations with Cuba.

Contention Two—Framing
To reform legal institutions in the name of justice is the ultimate expression of freedom

Sokoloff 5 (William W., Prof @ USC and UC Irvine, Between Justice and Legality: Derrida on Decision, Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 58, No. 2, Jun. 2005, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3595634?seq=1)//JA
Derrida places imperatives … of political life.

The state is inevitable—means there’s an absolute ethical responsibility to STRIVE toward making it ethical—solvency isn’t a question

Simmons 99 (William Paul, Prof @ U of Arizona, Formerly ASU and Bethany College, The Third: Levinas’ Theoretical Move from An-Archical Ethics to the Realm of Justice and Politics, Philosophy and Social Criticism, 25(6), p. 83-104, http://theology.co.kr/wwwb/data/levinas/1-levinas.pdf)//LA
We should also … wants to secure.

The failure to reform the state triggers authoritarianism—politics keeps going without you

Boggs 2k (Carl, Prof of Political Science@ U of Southern California, The End of Politics: Corporate Power and Decline of the Public Sphere, p. 250-1)GDI
But it is … Burkean muddling-through theories.  

Only our politics of hope can actualize agency and create change

Giroux 9/27 (Henry, Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Interviewed by Seth Kershner, Librarian @ Northwestern Connecticut Community College, Critique is Not Enough: Teaching and Learning with Henry Giroux, 9/27-2/13, Counterpunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/09/27/teaching-and-learning-with-henry-giroux/)//LA We don’t defend ableist language.
Also, young people...forward with this.

There’s a moral obligation to act against injustice even when our words won’t have an effect 

Filice 90 (Carlo, Asst Prof of Philosophy @ State University of New York, On the Obligation to Keep Informed about Distant Atrocities, Geneseo, Human Rights Quarterly, Aug, Vol. 12, No. 3. p. 397-414)UM
Objection 111: Help only those … to parochial matters. 

Utilitarian calculus makes decisionmaking impossible—justifies the worst atrocities in a framework of “necro-economics”

Weizman 11 (Eyal, Prof of visual and spatial cultures @ Goldsmiths, U of London, The Least of All Possible Evils: Humanitarian Violence from Arendt to Gaza, p. 8-10)UM
The theological origins … in this impossibility.17

Concern solely with survival justifies a “tyranny of survival” in which all other rights, including the right to life, can be freely violated

Callahan 73 (Daniel, Co-Founder and former director of The Hastings Institute, PhD in philosophy from Harvard University, The Tyranny of Survival, p 91-93)
The value of survival … or outright extinction.

Intervening actors check their impacts—can’t be responsible for events beyond our direct control

Gewirth 83 (Alan, philosopher, Human Rights: Essays on Justification and Applications, p 230-231)
A third distinction … rights of blacks.

Extinction is inevitable—this is an opportunity to prioritize ethics

Clark 10 (Nigel, Senior Lecturer in Geography @ Open U, Ex-Orbitant Generosity: Gifts of Love in a Cold Cosmos, Parallax, Vol. 16, No. 1, p. 80-95)dml
In this way, … us, then who?

Policy predictions fail—disregard the neg’s causal link chains

Tetlock and Gardner 11 (Dan* and Philip, Prof of organizational behavior @ the Haas Business School @ UC-Berkeley* and columnist and senior writer, 7/11/11, Overcoming Our Aversion to Acknowledging Our Ignorance, http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/07/11/dan-gardner-philip-tetlock/overcoming-our-aversion-acknowledging-our-ignorance)//EM
The editors may … more of the same.

Apocalyptic threat discourse fosters bad decisionmaking

Gross and Gilles 12 (Matthew Barrett Gross is the editor of the Glen Canyon Reader and is a media strategist who has worked for Howard Dean's groundbreaking 2004 presidential campaign and Jon Tester's successful campaign for U.S. Senate in Montana. More Matthew Barrett Gross.Mel Gilles is a writer and a former advocate for victims of domestic abuse. Her essay, "The Politics of Victimization," went viral in 2004, reaching more than 2 million readers, The Last Myth: What the Rise of Apocalyptic Thinking Tells Us About America, pp123---125)
Flip through the … like global warming.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 5 | Opponent: Whitney Young DS | Judge: Debnil Sur
Contention One—The Advantage
The United States travel ban against Cuba is an unconstitutional violation of the fundamental right to international travel—this justifies tyranny and the destruction of other key freedoms

Crumpacker 5 (Tom, Lawyer and M.A. in Latin American studies @ Georgetown U, A Constitutional Right to Travel to Cuba, 1/17/5, www.counterpunch.org/2005/01/15/a-constitutional-right-to-travel-to-cuba/)kdh
Our government has … down Mr. Reagan’s wall.

These restrictions are inhumane and violate international law—they’re a prerequisite to the possibility of government repression

Wilkinson and Manuel 5 (Daniel Wilkinson, managing director of the Americas division at Human Rights Watch, expert on Latin America, authored reports on human rights issues in Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, the United States, and Venezuela, graduate of Yale Law School, Anne Manuel, research director at Americas Watch, Families Torn Apart The High Cost of U.S. and Cuban Travel Restrictions, Human Rights Watch, October 2005, Vol. 17, No. 5 (B), www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/cuba1005.pdf kdh)
IV. Freedom of Movement … Committee's high standard.

The right to international travel is a vital aspect of egalitarian democracy and serves as a bulwark against all other injustices

Woods 96 (Jeanne, Prof of Law @ U of Loyola New Orleans, Travel that Talks: Toward First Amendment Protection for Freedom of Movement, George Washington Law Review, Vol. 65, No. 301, 1996, Lexis Nexis)SG
Free movement by … economic embargo laws.

Independently, international travel upholds democracy

Woods 96 (Jeanne, Prof of Law @ U of Loyola New Orleans, Travel that Talks: Toward First Amendment Protection for Freedom of Movement, George Washington Law Review, Vol. 65, No. 301, 1996, Lexis Nexis)LA
The promotion of … condemned for visiting.

The impact is the death of democratic politics—permitting economic and political motivations to dictate policy legitimates an era of disposability in which lives have no value and the government can justify eugenics and violence

Giroux 10 (Henry, Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Memories of Hope in the Age of Disposability, 9/28/10, http://archive.truthout.org/memories-hope-age-disposability63631)//SG
The new culture … vibrant democratic state.

We’ll control uniqueness—structural and political trends ensure disposability

Giroux 12 (Henry, Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Why Donand#39;t Americans Care About Democracy at Home?, Truthout, 10/02/12, http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/11872-henry-a-giroux-why-dont-americans-care-about-democracy-at-home)//JA
Neoliberalism and the … recession and American politics.

Our political vision is crucial to the decryption of constitutions—that independently destroys democracy and causes decisionmaking in closed forums

Restrepo and Hincapíe 13 (Ricardo Sanín* and Gabriel Méndez, Universidad Javeriana (Colombia)* and Universidad Autónoma de Manizales and Universidad de Caldas (Colombia), The Encrypted Constitution: A New Paradigm of Oppression, 8/8/13, http://criticallegalthinking.com/2013/08/08/the-encrypted-constitution-a-new-paradigm-of-oppression/)//LA
Ever since judicial … immanent to democracy.

Thus, the plan: The United States federal government should normalize its travel relations with Cuba.

Contention Two—Framing
The aff is neither absolutist nor rule-based, but rather a statement on prior nature of ethics to questions of ontology or epistemology

Introna, professor of ethics, 3 – Professor of Organization, Technology, and Ethics at Lancaster University (Lucas, 2003, “Workplace Surveillance ‘is’ Unethical and Unfair,” Surveillance and Society, Volume 1, Number 2, pp. 210-216, http://library.queensu.ca/ojs/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/download/3354/3317)
For Levinas the...secure at all.

The state is inevitable—means there’s an absolute ethical responsibility to STRIVE toward making it ethical—solvency isn’t a question

Simmons 99 (William Paul, Prof @ U of Arizona, Formerly ASU and Bethany College, The Third: Levinas’ Theoretical Move from An-Archical Ethics to the Realm of Justice and Politics, Philosophy and Social Criticism, 25(6), p. 83-104, http://theology.co.kr/wwwb/data/levinas/1-levinas.pdf)//LA
We should also … wants to secure.

The failure to reform the state triggers authoritarianism—politics keeps going without you

Boggs 2k (Carl, Prof of Political Science@ U of Southern California, The End of Politics: Corporate Power and Decline of the Public Sphere, p. 250-1)GDI
But it is … Burkean muddling-through theories.  

Only our politics of hope can actualize agency and create change

Giroux 9/27 (Henry, Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Interviewed by Seth Kershner, Librarian @ Northwestern Connecticut Community College, Critique is Not Enough: Teaching and Learning with Henry Giroux, 9/27-2/13, Counterpunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/09/27/teaching-and-learning-with-henry-giroux/)//LA We don’t defend ableist language.
Also, young people...forward with this.

Individuals should focus on engaging the state in order to enact change

Themba-Nixon 2k  (Makani Themba-Nixon, Executive Director of The Praxis Project, "Changing the rules: what policy means for organizing" Colorlines 3.2)
In essence, policies...making it so.

Solutions have to be practical in decision-making

Sikkink 8 Kathryn, Professor of Political Science at the University of Minnesota. “The Role of Consequences, Comparison, and Counterfactuals in Constructivist
Ethical Thought” 2008 http://www.polisci.umn.edu/centers/theory/pdf/sikkink.pdf
Lev and I do not endorse ableist language
Ethical arguments of...it difficult to act. 

Simulation creates an actively engaged citizenry capable of checking elite domination and becoming involved in policy processes

Hoppe 99 Robert Hoppe is Professor of Policy and knowledge in the Faculty of Management and Governance at Twente University, the Netherlands. "Argumentative Turn" Science and Public Policy, volume 26, number 3, June 1999, pages 201–210 works.bepress.com
ACCORDING TO LASSWELL...politically disenchanted citizenry.

Taking action is good 

May, 5-Todd May, prof @ Clemson. “To change the world, to celebrate life,” Philosophy and Social Criticism 2005 Vol 31 nos 5–6 pp. 517–531) *WE DON'T ENDORSE ABLEIST LANGUAGE.
To change the...worthy of it. 

Policy analysis comes first

Taft-Kaufman 95 Jill Taft-Kaufman, Speech prof @ CMU, 1995, Southern Comm. Journal, Spring, v. 60, Iss. 3, “Other Ways”, p pq *We don’t endorse ableist language.
The postmodern passwords...that fuel them. 

Debaters become policymakers sometimes

Mitchell et al ‘7 Gordon – Prof Communication and Dir of Debate @ Pitt; Eric English, Stephen Llano, Cathy Morrison, John Rief and Carly Woods. “Debate as a Weapon of Mass Destruction” The Journal of Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, Vol 4 No 2, www.pitt.edu, 2007JVOSS
Today’s intercollegiate debaters...of mass destruction.’’  

Travel’s not perfect, but it’s a precondition for effective ethical response which solves their impacts

Gibson 12 (Chris, Prof @ U of Wollongong, Geographies of tourism: space, ethics and encounter, http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1568andcontext=smhpapers)//LA
Encounters elicit emotional...to promote reconciliation.

Tournament: CPS RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: Glenbrook North DK | Judge: John Hines, Sam HaleyHill
There is no...will take time."
*Krauss 97 (Clifford, he became bureau chief of The New York Times Canada bureau in 2002. Before that he was the Buenos Aires bureau chief since April 1998. Before that, he was the police department bureau chief for the metropolitan desk, a position he held since January 1994. Previously, from 1992 to 1993, he covered Congress in The Times’ Washington bureau. From 1990 to 1991, he covered the State Department in Washington and before that, he was the bureau's night editor. “A Historic Figure Is Still Hated by Many in Mexico” New York Times March 26, 1997, Accessed online via http://www.csus.edu/indiv/o/obriene/art111/readings/AHistoricFigureIsStillHatedByManyInMexico.htm)—mm

To call someone a Malinchista is to call them a traitor, one who undermines the dominant culture in divulging secrets to the invader—this mentality is a form of scapegoating that continues in Mexico 

Alarcón 89 (Norma, she is a Chicana author, professor, and publisher in the United States. She is the founder of Third Woman Press and a major figure in Chicana feminism, Traddutora, Traditora: A Paradigmatic Figure of Chicana Feminism, Cultural Critique, No. 13, The Construction of Gender and Modes of Social Division (autumn, 1989), pp. 57-87)--mm
*We don’t endorse gendered pronouns and/or language
In the eyes...emasculation of men.

Malinche’s work as translator for Cortez formed today’s resolution—she is still blamed for having guided a group of Spanish explorers through lands of foreign traditions and for engaging the indigenous peoples of the continent to fuel Spanish economic gain—her presence has pervaded social relations, making a shift in mindset a necessary pre-requisite for progressive change

Such scapegoating makes ethics impossible—ideas like ‘radical liberation’ are self-convincing defense mechanisms

Zameret 11 (Yair, Haifa University and Hebrew Scholar, Ethics, Scapegoating and Pseudo-Left - The Strange Story of an Israeli Scapegoat, pg. 18-20)--mm
*We don’t endorse gendered pronouns and/or language or ableist language
Scapegoating, the evolutional...of the Pseudo-Left.

The impact is dehumanization—scapegoating of ethics relieves actors of their individual culpability, making violence inevitable and justified 

Marziani 1 (Paola, writer for Italian journal ‘Human Rights Awareness,’ human rights activist, On Scapegoating, Ref. HRA 2001/1, http://www.hrawareness.org/onscapegoating.pdf, pg. 4-7)--mm
*We don’t endorse gendered pronouns and/or language
The quest for...goal of civilization. 

Post-independence readings of Malintzin fail to question the foundation of the nation state through which patriotism is possible—the traversing of migrants in a dynamic interchange across the border makes the narrative of Malinche one of power to overcome the status quo’s obsession with nationalistic ideologies 

Peña 5 (Ezequiel,  Ph.D University of Texas at Austin and Associate Professor and Training Director, Counseling Psychology Doctoral Program, Reconfiguring Epistemological Pacts: A Lacanian and Post-Lacanian Discourse Analysis of Chicano Cultural Nationalist, Chicana Feminist, and Chicano/a Dissident Intellectual Subject Positions, submitted 2005)--mm
*We don’t endorse gendered pronouns and/or language or ableist language
II. Analysis of Previous...transnational Chicano/a  imaginary.  

Thus the advocacy: Lev and I affirm the narrative of Malintzin Tenepal through critical cosmopolitanism 

The commitment to refusing dichotomies of thinking and cultures is integral to the affirmative—in the face of modern discourses stressing hierarchies of knowledge and militarization of state-centric epistemologies, shifting your perception of La Malinche can be a utopian instance of demilitarization  

Peña 5 (Ezequiel,  Ph.D University of Texas at Austin and Associate Professor and Training Director, Counseling Psychology Doctoral Program, Reconfiguring Epistemological Pacts: A Lacanian and Post-Lacanian Discourse Analysis of Chicano Cultural Nationalist, Chicana Feminist, and Chicano/a Dissident Intellectual Subject Positions, submitted 2005)--mm
*We don’t endorse gendered pronouns and/or language
III. La Malinche’s Subject...and cultural memory.

A critical cosmopolitanism is key—commitment to the method combats questions of assuming the identity of some ‘Other’ or considering cultural difference a reason for disgust and modern problems

Delanty 6 (Gerard, Professor of Sociology and Social and Political Thought (Sociology, Centre for Social and Political Thought at University of Sussex, England, the Cosmopolitan Imagination: Critical Cosmopolitanism and Social Theory, the British Journal of Sociology 2006 Volume 57 Issue 1)--mm
*We don’t endorse gendered pronouns and/or language
The dimensions of...space of translations.

Politics are infused with conceptions of Mestiza histories—modern legislative policies lead not only to a standardized textbook curriculum, but the simultaneous suspension of feminist progress—guarantees stagnation—thus the role of the ballot: to best methodologically embrace cultural difference through interaction 

Taylor 6 (Analisa, Prof. of Spanish at the University of Oregon, Malinche and Matriarchal Utopia: Gendered Visions of Indigeneity in Mexico, Signs, Vol. 31, No. 3, pg. 825-29)--mm
*We don’t endorse gendered pronouns and/or language
According to Estela...modern-day Mexico City.

Only affirmation rejects methodological nationalism and the nation-state as the natural unit of politics—we are a productive method for changing practices in IR and policy scholarship 

Oates 10 (John, Ph.D. candidate in political science at The Ohio State University March 3, 2010, Methodological Nationalism in International Theory:  Rethinking Sovereignty as Constituent Power, Draft for Research in International Politics)--mm
The Problem of...international political life.

Tournament: Contact Info | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All
Feel free to email one or both of us! We're happy to help.
lasimow14@students.polytechnic.org
jalison14@students.polytechnic.org

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harker KM | Judge: Aditya Limaye
Ethics is a first philosophy which means it’s logically prior—anything else makes it a question of ontology or epistemology which is bad
Introna, professor of ethics, 3 – Professor of Organization, Technology, and Ethics at Lancaster University (Lucas, 2003, “Workplace Surveillance ‘is’ Unethical and Unfair,” Surveillance and Society, Volume 1, Number 2, pp. 210-216, http://library.queensu.ca/ojs/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/download/3354/3317)

For Levinas the...secure at all.

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Green Valley BH | Judge: David Heidt Brock Hanson Flynn Makuch
This form of democracy isn’t some ideal of consensus or a calcified system of legal forms—it’s about the fundamental presupposition of the equality of all beings, a dissensual democracy that is a prerequisite to any social change

Corcoran 10 (Steven, Translator of works by Rancière and Badiou, Translator’s Introduction to Dissensus: On Politics and Aesthetics by Jacques Rancière, p. 5-9)LA *We don’t endorse ableist language.
Let us begin...demonstrate their equality.

Taking action is good 

May, 5-Todd May, prof @ Clemson. “To change the world, to celebrate life,” Philosophy and Social Criticism 2005 Vol 31 nos 5–6 pp. 517–531) *WE DON'T ENDORSE ABLEIST LANGUAGE.
To change the...worthy of it. 

Solutions have to be practical in decision-making

Sikkink 8 Kathryn, Professor of Political Science at the University of Minnesota. “The Role of Consequences, Comparison, and Counterfactuals in Constructivist
Ethical Thought” 2008 http://www.polisci.umn.edu/centers/theory/pdf/sikkink.pdf
Lev and I do not endorse ableist language
Ethical arguments of...difficult to act.

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 5 | Opponent: Head Royce FM | Judge: Bob Overing
The staging of struggle through the democratic presupposition of equality is a prerequisite to effective mobilization and resistance

May 10 (Todd, Prof @ Clemson U, Contemporary Political Movements and the Thought of Jacques Ranciere: Equality in Action, p. idr)LA *Clarity edits to this text marked by |||.
One might ask...strug- gling against it.

Simulation creates an actively engaged citizenry capable of checking elite domination and becoming involved in policy processes

Hoppe 99 Robert Hoppe is Professor of Policy and knowledge in the Faculty of Management and Governance at Twente University, the Netherlands. "Argumentative Turn" Science and Public Policy, volume 26, number 3, June 1999, pages 201–210 works.bepress.com
ACCORDING TO LASSWELL...politically disenchanted citizenry.

Policy analysis comes first

Taft-Kaufman 95 Jill Taft-Kaufman, Speech prof @ CMU, 1995, Southern Comm. Journal, Spring, v. 60, Iss. 3, “Other Ways”, p pq *We don’t endorse ableist language.
The postmodern passwords...that fuel them.

Tournament: ASU | Round: 5 | Opponent: Brophy MS | Judge: Jackson Challinor
Using the state is key to free movement 

Farrer and Stewart 10 (James and Devin T., Prof @ Sophia U Tokyo and the Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs, Defining a Right to Move? Reflections on “Ethics of Migration” Conference, 1/6/10, http://www.policyinnovations.org/ideas/briefings/data/000156?sourceDoc=000016)//LA
The first obstacle...and societal interests. 

Change can only be enacted through political action—have to learn how it works 

Themba-Nixon 2k  (Makani Themba-Nixon, Executive Director of The Praxis Project, "Changing the rules: what policy means for organizing" Colorlines 3.2)
In essence, policies...making it so.

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 1 | Opponent: McClintock BO | Judge: Chris Thiele
Contention One—The Advantage
The United States travel ban against Cuba is an unconstitutional violation of the fundamental right to international travel—this justifies tyranny and the destruction of other key freedoms

Crumpacker 5 (Tom, Lawyer and M.A. in Latin American studies @ Georgetown U, A Constitutional Right to Travel to Cuba, 1/17/5, www.counterpunch.org/2005/01/15/a-constitutional-right-to-travel-to-cuba/)kdh
Our government has … down Mr. Reagan’s wall.

These restrictions are inhumane and violate international law—they’re a prerequisite to the possibility of government repression

Wilkinson and Manuel 5 (Daniel Wilkinson, managing director of the Americas division at Human Rights Watch, expert on Latin America, authored reports on human rights issues in Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, the United States, and Venezuela, graduate of Yale Law School, Anne Manuel, research director at Americas Watch, Families Torn Apart The High Cost of U.S. and Cuban Travel Restrictions, Human Rights Watch, October 2005, Vol. 17, No. 5 (B), www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/cuba1005.pdf kdh)
IV. Freedom of Movement … Committee's high standard.

The right to international travel is a vital aspect of egalitarian democracy and serves as a bulwark against all other injustices

Woods 96 (Jeanne, Prof of Law @ U of Loyola New Orleans, Travel that Talks: Toward First Amendment Protection for Freedom of Movement, George Washington Law Review, Vol. 65, No. 301, 1996, Lexis Nexis)SG
Free movement by … economic embargo laws.

Independently, international travel upholds democracy

Woods 96 (Jeanne, Prof of Law @ U of Loyola New Orleans, Travel that Talks: Toward First Amendment Protection for Freedom of Movement, George Washington Law Review, Vol. 65, No. 301, 1996, Lexis Nexis)LA
The promotion of … condemned for visiting.

The impact is the death of democratic politics—permitting economic and political motivations to dictate policy legitimates an era of disposability in which lives have no value and the government can justify eugenics and violence

Giroux 10 (Henry, Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Memories of Hope in the Age of Disposability, 9/28/10, http://archive.truthout.org/memories-hope-age-disposability63631)//SG
The new culture … vibrant democratic state.

We’ll control uniqueness—structural and political trends ensure disposability

Giroux 12 (Henry, Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Why Donand#39;t Americans Care About Democracy at Home?, Truthout, 10/02/12, http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/11872-henry-a-giroux-why-dont-americans-care-about-democracy-at-home)//JA
Neoliberalism and the … recession and American politics.

Our political vision is crucial to the decryption of constitutions—that independently destroys democracy and causes decisionmaking in closed forums

Restrepo and Hincapíe 13 (Ricardo Sanín* and Gabriel Méndez, Universidad Javeriana (Colombia)* and Universidad Autónoma de Manizales and Universidad de Caldas (Colombia), The Encrypted Constitution: A New Paradigm of Oppression, 8/8/13, http://criticallegalthinking.com/2013/08/08/the-encrypted-constitution-a-new-paradigm-of-oppression/)//LA
Ever since judicial … immanent to democracy.

Nuclear miscalculation and genocide are inevitable absent our ethic—must hedge against technocratic models of decisionmaking

Fasching 93 (Darrell J., Prof of Religious Studies @ U of South Florida, The Ethical Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima, p. 232-233)UM
These technological barbarians, … must be subordinated.

Thus, the plan: The United States federal government should normalize its travel relations with Cuba.

Contention Two—Framing
To reform legal institutions in the name of justice is the ultimate expression of freedom

Sokoloff 5 (William W., Prof @ USC and UC Irvine, Between Justice and Legality: Derrida on Decision, Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 58, No. 2, Jun. 2005, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3595634?seq=1)//JA
Derrida places imperatives … of political life.

The state is inevitable—means there’s an absolute ethical responsibility to STRIVE toward making it ethical—solvency isn’t a question

Simmons 99 (William Paul, Prof @ U of Arizona, Formerly ASU and Bethany College, The Third: Levinas’ Theoretical Move from An-Archical Ethics to the Realm of Justice and Politics, Philosophy and Social Criticism, 25(6), p. 83-104, http://theology.co.kr/wwwb/data/levinas/1-levinas.pdf)//LA
We should also … wants to secure.

The failure to reform the state triggers authoritarianism—politics keeps going without you

Boggs 2k (Carl, Prof of Political Science@ U of Southern California, The End of Politics: Corporate Power and Decline of the Public Sphere, p. 250-1)GDI
But it is … Burkean muddling-through theories.  

Only our politics of hope can actualize agency and create change

Giroux 9/27 (Henry, Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Interviewed by Seth Kershner, Librarian @ Northwestern Connecticut Community College, Critique is Not Enough: Teaching and Learning with Henry Giroux, 9/27-2/13, Counterpunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/09/27/teaching-and-learning-with-henry-giroux/)//LA We don’t defend ableist language.
Also, young people...forward with this.

There’s a moral obligation to act against injustice even when our words won’t have an effect 

Filice 90 (Carlo, Asst Prof of Philosophy @ State University of New York, On the Obligation to Keep Informed about Distant Atrocities, Geneseo, Human Rights Quarterly, Aug, Vol. 12, No. 3. p. 397-414)UM
Objection 111: Help only those … to parochial matters. 

Utilitarian calculus makes decisionmaking impossible—justifies the worst atrocities in a framework of “necro-economics”

Weizman 11 (Eyal, Prof of visual and spatial cultures @ Goldsmiths, U of London, The Least of All Possible Evils: Humanitarian Violence from Arendt to Gaza, p. 8-10)UM
The theological origins … in this impossibility.17

Concern solely with survival justifies a “tyranny of survival” in which all other rights, including the right to life, can be freely violated

Callahan 73 (Daniel, Co-Founder and former director of The Hastings Institute, PhD in philosophy from Harvard University, The Tyranny of Survival, p 91-93)
The value of survival … or outright extinction.

Intervening actors check their impacts—can’t be responsible for events beyond our direct control

Gewirth 83 (Alan, philosopher, Human Rights: Essays on Justification and Applications, p 230-231)
A third distinction … rights of blacks.

Extinction is inevitable—this is an opportunity to prioritize ethics

Clark 10 (Nigel, Senior Lecturer in Geography @ Open U, Ex-Orbitant Generosity: Gifts of Love in a Cold Cosmos, Parallax, Vol. 16, No. 1, p. 80-95)dml
In this way, … us, then who?

Policy predictions fail—disregard the neg’s causal link chains

Tetlock and Gardner 11 (Dan* and Philip, Prof of organizational behavior @ the Haas Business School @ UC-Berkeley* and columnist and senior writer, 7/11/11, Overcoming Our Aversion to Acknowledging Our Ignorance, http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/07/11/dan-gardner-philip-tetlock/overcoming-our-aversion-acknowledging-our-ignorance)//EM
The editors may … more of the same.

Apocalyptic threat discourse fosters bad decisionmaking

Gross and Gilles 12 (Matthew Barrett Gross is the editor of the Glen Canyon Reader and is a media strategist who has worked for Howard Dean's groundbreaking 2004 presidential campaign and Jon Tester's successful campaign for U.S. Senate in Montana. More Matthew Barrett Gross.Mel Gilles is a writer and a former advocate for victims of domestic abuse. Her essay, "The Politics of Victimization," went viral in 2004, reaching more than 2 million readers, The Last Myth: What the Rise of Apocalyptic Thinking Tells Us About America, pp123---125)
Flip through the … like global warming.

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 4 | Opponent: Bishop Guertin DI | Judge: Cade Cottrell
Contention One—The Advantage
The United States travel ban against Cuba is an unconstitutional violation of the fundamental right to international travel—this justifies tyranny and the destruction of other key freedoms

Crumpacker 5 (Tom, Lawyer and M.A. in Latin American studies @ Georgetown U, A Constitutional Right to Travel to Cuba, 1/17/5, www.counterpunch.org/2005/01/15/a-constitutional-right-to-travel-to-cuba/)kdh
Our government has … down Mr. Reagan’s wall.

These restrictions are inhumane and violate international law—they’re a prerequisite to the possibility of government repression

Wilkinson and Manuel 5 (Daniel Wilkinson, managing director of the Americas division at Human Rights Watch, expert on Latin America, authored reports on human rights issues in Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, the United States, and Venezuela, graduate of Yale Law School, Anne Manuel, research director at Americas Watch, Families Torn Apart The High Cost of U.S. and Cuban Travel Restrictions, Human Rights Watch, October 2005, Vol. 17, No. 5 (B), www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/cuba1005.pdf kdh)
IV. Freedom of Movement … Committee's high standard.

The right to international travel is a vital aspect of egalitarian democracy and serves as a bulwark against all other injustices

Woods 96 (Jeanne, Prof of Law @ U of Loyola New Orleans, Travel that Talks: Toward First Amendment Protection for Freedom of Movement, George Washington Law Review, Vol. 65, No. 301, 1996, Lexis Nexis)SG
Free movement by … economic embargo laws.

Independently, international travel upholds democracy

Woods 96 (Jeanne, Prof of Law @ U of Loyola New Orleans, Travel that Talks: Toward First Amendment Protection for Freedom of Movement, George Washington Law Review, Vol. 65, No. 301, 1996, Lexis Nexis)LA
The promotion of … condemned for visiting.

The impact is the death of democratic politics—permitting economic and political motivations to dictate policy legitimates an era of disposability in which lives have no value and the government can justify eugenics and violence

Giroux 10 (Henry, Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Memories of Hope in the Age of Disposability, 9/28/10, http://archive.truthout.org/memories-hope-age-disposability63631)//SG
The new culture … vibrant democratic state.

We’ll control uniqueness—structural and political trends ensure disposability

Giroux 12 (Henry, Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Why Donand#39;t Americans Care About Democracy at Home?, Truthout, 10/02/12, http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/11872-henry-a-giroux-why-dont-americans-care-about-democracy-at-home)//JA
Neoliberalism and the … recession and American politics.

Our political vision is crucial to the decryption of constitutions—that independently destroys democracy and causes decisionmaking in closed forums

Restrepo and Hincapíe 13 (Ricardo Sanín* and Gabriel Méndez, Universidad Javeriana (Colombia)* and Universidad Autónoma de Manizales and Universidad de Caldas (Colombia), The Encrypted Constitution: A New Paradigm of Oppression, 8/8/13, http://criticallegalthinking.com/2013/08/08/the-encrypted-constitution-a-new-paradigm-of-oppression/)//LA
Ever since judicial … immanent to democracy.

Nuclear miscalculation and genocide are inevitable absent our ethic—must hedge against technocratic models of decisionmaking

Fasching 93 (Darrell J., Prof of Religious Studies @ U of South Florida, The Ethical Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima, p. 232-233)UM
These technological barbarians, … must be subordinated.

Thus, the plan: The United States federal government should normalize its travel relations with Cuba.

Contention Two—Framing
To reform legal institutions in the name of justice is the ultimate expression of freedom

Sokoloff 5 (William W., Prof @ USC and UC Irvine, Between Justice and Legality: Derrida on Decision, Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 58, No. 2, Jun. 2005, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3595634?seq=1)//JA
Derrida places imperatives … of political life.

The state is inevitable—means there’s an absolute ethical responsibility to STRIVE toward making it ethical—solvency isn’t a question

Simmons 99 (William Paul, Prof @ U of Arizona, Formerly ASU and Bethany College, The Third: Levinas’ Theoretical Move from An-Archical Ethics to the Realm of Justice and Politics, Philosophy and Social Criticism, 25(6), p. 83-104, http://theology.co.kr/wwwb/data/levinas/1-levinas.pdf)//LA
We should also … wants to secure.

The failure to reform the state triggers authoritarianism—politics keeps going without you

Boggs 2k (Carl, Prof of Political Science@ U of Southern California, The End of Politics: Corporate Power and Decline of the Public Sphere, p. 250-1)GDI
But it is … Burkean muddling-through theories.  

Only our politics of hope can actualize agency and create change

Giroux 9/27 (Henry, Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Interviewed by Seth Kershner, Librarian @ Northwestern Connecticut Community College, Critique is Not Enough: Teaching and Learning with Henry Giroux, 9/27-2/13, Counterpunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/09/27/teaching-and-learning-with-henry-giroux/)//LA We don’t defend ableist language.
Also, young people...forward with this.

Individuals should focus on engaging the state in order to enact change

Themba-Nixon 2k  (Makani Themba-Nixon, Executive Director of The Praxis Project, "Changing the rules: what policy means for organizing" Colorlines 3.2)
In essence, policies...making it so.

The state is key to the right to travel

Farrer and Stewart 10 (James and Devin T., Prof @ Sophia U Tokyo and the Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs, Defining a Right to Move? Reflections on “Ethics of Migration” Conference, 1/6/10, http://www.policyinnovations.org/ideas/briefings/data/000156?sourceDoc=000016)//LA
The first obstacle...and societal interests. 

There’s a moral obligation to act against injustice even when we can’t have any effect 

Filice 90 (Carlo, Asst Prof of Philosophy @ State University of New York, On the Obligation to Keep Informed about Distant Atrocities, Geneseo, Human Rights Quarterly, Aug, Vol. 12, No. 3. p. 397-414)UM
Objection 111: Help only those...to parochial matters. 

Solutions have to be practical in decision-making

Sikkink 8 Kathryn, Professor of Political Science at the University of Minnesota. “The Role of Consequences, Comparison, and Counterfactuals in Constructivist
Ethical Thought” 2008 http://www.polisci.umn.edu/centers/theory/pdf/sikkink.pdf *Lev and I do not endorse ableist language
Ethical arguments of...difficult to act. 

The aff resists utilitarian ethics, which makes decision making impossible—justifies the worst atrocities in a framework of “necro-economics”

Weizman 11 (Eyal, Prof of visual and spatial cultures @ Goldsmiths, U of London, The Least of All Possible Evils: Humanitarian Violence from Arendt to Gaza, p. 8-10)UM
The theological origins...in this impossibility.17

Intervening actors check all impacts—can’t be responsible for events beyond our direct control

Gewirth 83 (Alan, philosopher, Human Rights: Essays on Justification and Applications, p 230-231)
A third distinction...rights of blacks.

Tournament: TOC | Round: 7 | Opponent: College Prep FP | Judge: Brendon Bankey
This year’s topic has become a forum for the spectacular clash of opposing ideals, the cacophonous encounter of the advocates and critics of development. As affirmative policy pros have espouced the values of American Empire and humanitarian intervention into Latin America, negative teams nation-wide have delved into the depths of local libraries and the internet searching for more and more radical denunciations of the development apparatus and its hidden violence

One thing is clear—the status quo is not yet ideal for Latin America, and development is constitutively lacking. Radicals wish to abolish it and reformers wish to fix it, but no one has yet examined the desires and utopian fantasies which development brings to bear on the subjects it touches. The affirmative’s discussion is thus a necessary intervention.

De Vries 7 (Pieter, Prof of Rural Development Sociology @ Wageningen U, Don’t Compromise Your Desire for Development! A Lacanian/Deleuzian Rethinking of the Anti-Politics Machine, Third World Quarterly 28(1), p. 25-37)LA *We don’t endorse ableist or gendered language.
It must be...imagination of utopia.

Both this positive generation and this virulent banalization of the desire for development are violent processes premised on the utopian promise of a non-lacking society of perfect enjoyment. By contrast, the affirmative invests in the limit, embracing that the desire for development is always lacking and yet refusing to compromise our desire, making possible an ethics of the real that reconfigures our engagement with Latin America at its core

De Vries 7 (Pieter, Prof of Rural Development Sociology @ Wageningen U, Don’t Compromise Your Desire for Development! A Lacanian/Deleuzian Rethinking of the Anti-Politics Machine, Third World Quarterly 28(1), p. 25-37)LA *We don’t endorse ableist language.
According to a...global neo-liberal project.

Vote affirmative to endorse this investigation of the collective desire for development. 

There is a lack at the root of every social order that cannot be overcome because to fulfill one’s desire represents the end of the subject as a social entity—attempts at creating a perfectly integrated order ignore this fact, ensuring violent depoliticizations

Edkins 3 (Jenny, U of Wales Aberystwyth, Trauma and the Memory of Politics, p. 11-14)LA *Pronoun replacements by ||| in the text.
In the psychoanalytic...closed social order.

These utopian promises necessitate the creation of a scapegoat to explain their failures—when one development project fails, we don’t realize that there’s something wrong with the apparatus as a whole, we simply blame the leaders of that nation and start a military coup, or we justify a “peacekeeping” intervention to eliminate one group or another in the name of development’s purity

Stavrakakis 99 (Yannis, Prof @ U of Essex, Lacan and the Political, p. 99-102)LA *We don’t endorse ableist language.
In order to...the utopian mentality.

These fantasies of wholeness shape our political imaginary—the affirmative’s reconceptualization avoids serial policy failure 

Fotaki 10 (Marianna, Organization Studies Group @ Manchester Business School, Why do public policies fail so often? Exploring health policy-making as an imaginary and symbolic construction, Organization 2010 17: 703, Sage, 713-716)Utnif
Towards an alternative...organizations and society.

The psychoanalytic method is crucial to any ethical response toward the other

Oliver 4 (Kelly, Prof @ Vanderbildt U, The Colonization of Psychic Space: A Psychoanalytic Theory of Oppression, p. 198-200)LA
Within the framework...social as singular.

The state does not exist, it’s merely a story we tell ourselves to explain why the world is not yet perfect—this pathological relationship to authority shuts down resistance

Newman 4 (Saul, U of Western Australia, Interrogating the Master: Lacan and Radical Politics, Psychoanalys and Culture 2004, 9, p. 298-314)LA *We don’t endorse gendered or ableist language. Pronoun replaced in the body of this text, marked by |||.
Psychoanalytic theory has...is permitted anymore’’’ (Grigg, Seminar XVII, Ch 8, p 3).

The affirmative is a question of our encounter with negativity, a relationship that is always unpredictable and can never be scripted without succumbing to the logic of utopianism

Berlant and Edelman 14 (Lauren and Lee, Prof of English @ U Chicago and Prof of English @ Tufts U, Sex, or the Unbearable, Duke U Press 2014, p. ix-xii)LA *We don’t endorse ableist language.
Sex, or the...each other here.

Psychoanalysis isn’t a science, but then again, what really is these days?

Dean 5 (Colin, BSC BA B.Litt(Hom) MA MA(Psychoanalytic Studies) Gamahucher Press 2005, The Irrational and Illogical Nature of Science and Psychoanalysis: The Demarcation of Science and Non-science is a Pseudo Problem, http://Gamahucherpress.Yellowgum.Com/Books/Psychoanalysis/The_Irrational_And_Illogical_Nature_Of_Science_And_Psychoana.Pdf)//LA *We don’t endorse ableist language.
There is an...still have validity.

Tournament: Long Beach | Round: 1 | Opponent: Sanger TS | Judge: Leah Clark
Contention One—The Advantage
The United States travel ban against Cuba is an unconstitutional violation of the fundamental right to international travel—this justifies tyranny and the destruction of other key freedoms

Crumpacker 5 (Tom, Lawyer and M.A. in Latin American studies @ Georgetown U, A Constitutional Right to Travel to Cuba, 1/17/5, www.counterpunch.org/2005/01/15/a-constitutional-right-to-travel-to-cuba/)kdh
Our government has … down Mr. Reagan’s wall.

These restrictions are inhumane and violate international law—they’re a prerequisite to the possibility of government repression

Wilkinson and Manuel 5 (Daniel Wilkinson, managing director of the Americas division at Human Rights Watch, expert on Latin America, authored reports on human rights issues in Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, the United States, and Venezuela, graduate of Yale Law School, Anne Manuel, research director at Americas Watch, Families Torn Apart The High Cost of U.S. and Cuban Travel Restrictions, Human Rights Watch, October 2005, Vol. 17, No. 5 (B), www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/cuba1005.pdf kdh)
IV. Freedom of Movement … inhumane travel policies. 

The right to international travel is a vital aspect of egalitarian democracy and serves as a bulwark against all other injustices

Woods 96 (Jeanne, Prof of Law @ U of Loyola New Orleans, Travel that Talks: Toward First Amendment Protection for Freedom of Movement, George Washington Law Review, Vol. 65, No. 301, 1996, Lexis Nexis)SG
Free movement by … economic embargo laws.

Independently, international travel upholds democracy

Woods 96 (Jeanne, Prof of Law @ U of Loyola New Orleans, Travel that Talks: Toward First Amendment Protection for Freedom of Movement, George Washington Law Review, Vol. 65, No. 301, 1996, Lexis Nexis)LA
The promotion of … condemned for visiting.

The impact is the death of democratic politics—permitting economic and political motivations to dictate policy legitimates an era of disposability in which lives have no value and the government can justify eugenics and violence

Giroux 10 (Henry, Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Memories of Hope in the Age of Disposability, 9/28/10, http://archive.truthout.org/memories-hope-age-disposability63631)//SG
The new culture … vibrant democratic state.

We’ll control uniqueness—structural and political trends ensure disposability

Giroux 12 (Henry, Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Why Donand#39;t Americans Care About Democracy at Home?, Truthout, 10/02/12, http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/11872-henry-a-giroux-why-dont-americans-care-about-democracy-at-home)//JA
Neoliberalism and the … recession and American politics.
Our political vision is crucial to the decryption of constitutions—that independently destroys democracy and causes decisionmaking in closed forums

Restrepo and Hincapíe 13 (Ricardo Sanín* and Gabriel Méndez, Universidad Javeriana (Colombia)* and Universidad Autónoma de Manizales and Universidad de Caldas (Colombia), The Encrypted Constitution: A New Paradigm of Oppression, 8/8/13, http://criticallegalthinking.com/2013/08/08/the-encrypted-constitution-a-new-paradigm-of-oppression/)//LA
Ever since judicial … immanent to democracy.

Nuclear miscalculation and genocide are inevitable absent our ethic—must hedge against technocratic models of decisionmaking

Fasching 93 (Darrell J., Prof of Religious Studies @ U of South Florida, The Ethical Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima, p. 232-233)UM
These technological barbarians, … must be subordinated.

Thus, in accordance with such an ethic of progressive democracy and openness to the Other, Plan: The United States federal government should normalize its travel relations with Cuba.
Contention Two—Framing
To reform legal institutions in the name of justice is the ultimate expression of freedom

Sokoloff 5 (William W., Prof @ USC and UC Irvine, Between Justice and Legality: Derrida on Decision, Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 58, No. 2, Jun. 2005, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3595634?seq=1)//JA
Derrida places imperatives … of political life.

The state is inevitable—means there’s an absolute ethical responsibility to STRIVE toward making it ethical—solvency isn’t a question

Simmons 99 (William Paul, Prof @ U of Arizona, Formerly ASU and Bethany College, The Third: Levinas’ Theoretical Move from An-Archical Ethics to the Realm of Justice and Politics, Philosophy and Social Criticism, 25(6), p. 83-104, http://theology.co.kr/wwwb/data/levinas/1-levinas.pdf)//LA
We should also … wants to secure.

The failure to reform the state triggers authoritarianism—politics keeps going without you

Boggs 2k (Carl, Prof of Political Science@ U of Southern California, The End of Politics: Corporate Power and Decline of the Public Sphere, p. 250-1)GDI
But it is … Burkean muddling-through theories.  

Only our politics of hope can actualize agency and create change

Giroux 9/27 (Henry, Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Interviewed by Seth Kershner, Librarian @ Northwestern Connecticut Community College, Critique is Not Enough: Teaching and Learning with Henry Giroux, 9/27-2/13, Counterpunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/09/27/teaching-and-learning-with-henry-giroux/)//LA We don’t defend ableist language.
Also, young people...forward with this.

There’s a moral obligation to act against injustice even when our words won’t have an effect 

Filice 90 (Carlo, Asst Prof of Philosophy @ State University of New York, On the Obligation to Keep Informed about Distant Atrocities, Geneseo, Human Rights Quarterly, Aug, Vol. 12, No. 3. p. 397-414)UM
Objection 111: Help only those … to parochial matters. 

Utilitarian calculus makes decisionmaking impossible—justifies the worst atrocities in a framework of “necro-economics”

Weizman 11 (Eyal, Prof of visual and spatial cultures @ Goldsmiths, U of London, The Least of All Possible Evils: Humanitarian Violence from Arendt to Gaza, p. 8-10)UM
The theological origins … in this impossibility.17

Concern solely with survival justifies a “tyranny of survival” in which all other rights, including the right to life, can be freely violated

Callahan 73 (Daniel, Co-Founder and former director of The Hastings Institute, PhD in philosophy from Harvard University, The Tyranny of Survival, p 91-93)
The value of survival … or outright extinction.

Intervening actors check their impacts—can’t be responsible for events beyond our direct control

Gewirth 83 (Alan, philosopher, Human Rights: Essays on Justification and Applications, p 230-231)
A third distinction … rights of blacks.

Extinction is inevitable—this is an opportunity to prioritize ethics

Clark 10 (Nigel, Senior Lecturer in Geography @ Open U, Ex-Orbitant Generosity: Gifts of Love in a Cold Cosmos, Parallax, Vol. 16, No. 1, p. 80-95)dml
In this way, … us, then who?

Policy predictions fail—disregard the neg’s causal link chains

Tetlock and Gardner 11 (Dan* and Philip, Prof of organizational behavior @ the Haas Business School @ UC-Berkeley* and columnist and senior writer, 7/11/11, Overcoming Our Aversion to Acknowledging Our Ignorance, http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/07/11/dan-gardner-philip-tetlock/overcoming-our-aversion-acknowledging-our-ignorance)//EM
The editors may … more of the same.

Tournament: TOC | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harker MK | Judge: Andy McCoy
Politics today is founded on the exclusion of migrant agency enforced through a modern-day genocide on the US-Mexico border

Ochoa 11 (Raul Al-qaraz, Tucson border activist and organizer @ UN Pueblo Sin Fronteras, The New Genocide: Immigration and the U.S. – Mexico Border, 11/2, http://antifronteras.com/2011/11/07/367/)//NT
On the eve...and queer identified. 

The solution isn’t to be found in humanitarian reparation, but rather in a migrant struggle built on the presupposition of the equality of all beings—to act as if one were a full citizen is a crucial prerequisite to egalitarian politics and resists the commodification of migrant lives

Cámara 13 (Noelia González, Researcher and Social Researcher affiliated with ZeroChaos (Google) and the International Computer Science Institute, Formerly Spanish National Research Council, Challenging Illegalization: Migrant Struggles, Political Actions and Rancière’s Political Philosophy, in Spheres of Global Justice: Volume 1 Global Challenged to Liberal Democracy, ed. Jean-Christophe Merle, ch. 30 p. 379-390)LA *We don’t endorse ableist language.
In the following...undesirable and illegal.

The affirmative’s act of citizenship is a productive starting point for resisting all other form of oppression by breaking down barriers between citizen and non-citizen, life and bare life

Rygiel 11 (Kim, Prof of International Affairs @ Wilfred Laurier U, Globalizing Citizenship, p. 38-43)LA
As noted earlier...of governing mobility.

Lev and I aren’t the actors of the 1AC. Affirmation necessarily requires that we place ourselves in solidarity with the body of the migrant, recognizing their equality as speaking beings. We aren’t using this debate to speak for them, but rather to speak with them in opposition to systems of domination

May 8 (Todd, Prof @ Clemson U, The Political Thought of Jacques Rancière: Creating Equality, Edinburgh U Press, p. 175-6)LA *We don’t endorse ableist language. *Pronouns replaced in the body of this text by |||.
One point of...to generalize domination.

Thus, Lev and I affirm the resolution through the presupposition of equality.
Our political strategy is one of dissensus, the destruction of hierarchies in argumentative exchange through the presupposition of equality. The role of the ballot should be to vote for the team that best enacts dissensus.

Corcoran 10 (Steven, Translator of works by Rancière and Badiou, Translator’s Introduction to Dissensus: On Politics and Aesthetics by Jacques Rancière, p. 5-9)LA *We don’t endorse ableist language.
Let us begin...demonstrate their equality.

Don’t limit the scope of this debate to a determination of what the government should do. You are not the government, and it’s unlikely that anyone here ever will be—but that doesn’t mean this debate doesn’t have the potential to be political. Consensus democracy has failed us, which makes now the time to inject dissensus into our decisionmaking process

Swyngedouw 8 (Erik, Prof of Geography @ U of Manchester, Where is the Political?, IBG/RGS Annual Conference, p. 3-33)LA *We don’t endorse ableist language.
In contrast to...instituted post-political post-democracy.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dallas Jesuit TW | Judge: Christopher Thomas
Contention One—The Advantage
The United States travel ban against Cuba is an unconstitutional violation of the fundamental right to international travel—this justifies tyranny and the destruction of other key freedoms

Crumpacker 5 (Tom, Lawyer and M.A. in Latin American studies @ Georgetown U, A Constitutional Right to Travel to Cuba, 1/17/5, www.counterpunch.org/2005/01/15/a-constitutional-right-to-travel-to-cuba/)kdh
Our government has … down Mr. Reagan’s wall.

These restrictions are inhumane and violate international law—they’re a prerequisite to the possibility of government repression

Wilkinson and Manuel 5 (Daniel Wilkinson, managing director of the Americas division at Human Rights Watch, expert on Latin America, authored reports on human rights issues in Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, the United States, and Venezuela, graduate of Yale Law School, Anne Manuel, research director at Americas Watch, Families Torn Apart The High Cost of U.S. and Cuban Travel Restrictions, Human Rights Watch, October 2005, Vol. 17, No. 5 (B), www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/cuba1005.pdf kdh)
IV. Freedom of Movement … inhumane travel policies. 

The right to international travel is a vital aspect of egalitarian democracy and serves as a bulwark against all other injustices

Woods 96 (Jeanne, Prof of Law @ U of Loyola New Orleans, Travel that Talks: Toward First Amendment Protection for Freedom of Movement, George Washington Law Review, Vol. 65, No. 301, 1996, Lexis Nexis)SG
Free movement by … economic embargo laws.

Independently, international travel upholds democracy

Woods 96 (Jeanne, Prof of Law @ U of Loyola New Orleans, Travel that Talks: Toward First Amendment Protection for Freedom of Movement, George Washington Law Review, Vol. 65, No. 301, 1996, Lexis Nexis)LA
The promotion of … condemned for visiting.

The impact is the death of democratic politics—permitting economic and political motivations to dictate policy legitimates an era of disposability in which lives have no value and the government can justify eugenics and violence

Giroux 10 (Henry, Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Memories of Hope in the Age of Disposability, 9/28/10, http://archive.truthout.org/memories-hope-age-disposability63631)//SG
The new culture … vibrant democratic state.

We’ll control uniqueness—structural and political trends ensure disposability

Giroux 12 (Henry, Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Why Donand#39;t Americans Care About Democracy at Home?, Truthout, 10/02/12, http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/11872-henry-a-giroux-why-dont-americans-care-about-democracy-at-home)//JA
Neoliberalism and the … recession and American politics.
Our political vision is crucial to the decryption of constitutions—that independently destroys democracy and causes decisionmaking in closed forums

Restrepo and Hincapíe 13 (Ricardo Sanín* and Gabriel Méndez, Universidad Javeriana (Colombia)* and Universidad Autónoma de Manizales and Universidad de Caldas (Colombia), The Encrypted Constitution: A New Paradigm of Oppression, 8/8/13, http://criticallegalthinking.com/2013/08/08/the-encrypted-constitution-a-new-paradigm-of-oppression/)//LA
Ever since judicial … immanent to democracy.

Nuclear miscalculation and genocide are inevitable absent our ethic—must hedge against technocratic models of decisionmaking

Fasching 93 (Darrell J., Prof of Religious Studies @ U of South Florida, The Ethical Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima, p. 232-233)UM
These technological barbarians, … must be subordinated.

Thus, in accordance with such an ethic of progressive democracy and openness to the Other, Plan: The United States federal government should normalize its travel relations with Cuba.
Contention Two—Framing
To reform legal institutions in the name of justice is the ultimate expression of freedom

Sokoloff 5 (William W., Prof @ USC and UC Irvine, Between Justice and Legality: Derrida on Decision, Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 58, No. 2, Jun. 2005, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3595634?seq=1)//JA
Derrida places imperatives … of political life.

The state is inevitable—means there’s an absolute ethical responsibility to STRIVE toward making it ethical—solvency isn’t a question

Simmons 99 (William Paul, Prof @ U of Arizona, Formerly ASU and Bethany College, The Third: Levinas’ Theoretical Move from An-Archical Ethics to the Realm of Justice and Politics, Philosophy and Social Criticism, 25(6), p. 83-104, http://theology.co.kr/wwwb/data/levinas/1-levinas.pdf)//LA
We should also … wants to secure.

The failure to reform the state triggers authoritarianism—politics keeps going without you

Boggs 2k (Carl, Prof of Political Science@ U of Southern California, The End of Politics: Corporate Power and Decline of the Public Sphere, p. 250-1)GDI
But it is … Burkean muddling-through theories.  

Only our politics of hope can actualize agency and create change

Giroux 9/27 (Henry, Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Interviewed by Seth Kershner, Librarian @ Northwestern Connecticut Community College, Critique is Not Enough: Teaching and Learning with Henry Giroux, 9/27-2/13, Counterpunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/09/27/teaching-and-learning-with-henry-giroux/)//LA We don’t defend ableist language.
Also, young people...forward with this.

There’s a moral obligation to act against injustice even when our words won’t have an effect 

Filice 90 (Carlo, Asst Prof of Philosophy @ State University of New York, On the Obligation to Keep Informed about Distant Atrocities, Geneseo, Human Rights Quarterly, Aug, Vol. 12, No. 3. p. 397-414)UM
Objection 111: Help only those … to parochial matters. 

Utilitarian calculus makes decisionmaking impossible—justifies the worst atrocities in a framework of “necro-economics”

Weizman 11 (Eyal, Prof of visual and spatial cultures @ Goldsmiths, U of London, The Least of All Possible Evils: Humanitarian Violence from Arendt to Gaza, p. 8-10)UM
The theological origins … in this impossibility.17

Concern solely with survival justifies a “tyranny of survival” in which all other rights, including the right to life, can be freely violated

Callahan 73 (Daniel, Co-Founder and former director of The Hastings Institute, PhD in philosophy from Harvard University, The Tyranny of Survival, p 91-93)
The value of survival … or outright extinction.

Intervening actors check their impacts—can’t be responsible for events beyond our direct control

Gewirth 83 (Alan, philosopher, Human Rights: Essays on Justification and Applications, p 230-231)
A third distinction … rights of blacks.

Extinction is inevitable—this is an opportunity to prioritize ethics

Clark 10 (Nigel, Senior Lecturer in Geography @ Open U, Ex-Orbitant Generosity: Gifts of Love in a Cold Cosmos, Parallax, Vol. 16, No. 1, p. 80-95)dml
In this way, … us, then who?

Policy predictions fail—disregard the neg’s causal link chains

Tetlock and Gardner 11 (Dan* and Philip, Prof of organizational behavior @ the Haas Business School @ UC-Berkeley* and columnist and senior writer, 7/11/11, Overcoming Our Aversion to Acknowledging Our Ignorance, http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/07/11/dan-gardner-philip-tetlock/overcoming-our-aversion-acknowledging-our-ignorance)//EM
The editors may … more of the same.

Apocalyptic threat discourse fosters bad decisionmaking

Gross and Gilles 12 (Matthew Barrett Gross is the editor of the Glen Canyon Reader and is a media strategist who has worked for Howard Dean's groundbreaking 2004 presidential campaign and Jon Tester's successful campaign for U.S. Senate in Montana. More Matthew Barrett Gross.Mel Gilles is a writer and a former advocate for victims of domestic abuse. Her essay, "The Politics of Victimization," went viral in 2004, reaching more than 2 million readers, The Last Myth: What the Rise of Apocalyptic Thinking Tells Us About America, pp123---125)
Flip through the … like global warming.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 1 | Opponent: Pine Crest GJ | Judge: Jim Schultz
Contention One—The Advantage
The United States travel ban against Cuba is an unconstitutional violation of the fundamental right to international travel—this justifies tyranny and the destruction of other key freedoms

Crumpacker 5 (Tom, Lawyer and M.A. in Latin American studies @ Georgetown U, A Constitutional Right to Travel to Cuba, 1/17/5, www.counterpunch.org/2005/01/15/a-constitutional-right-to-travel-to-cuba/)kdh
Our government has … down Mr. Reagan’s wall.

These restrictions are inhumane and violate international law—they’re a prerequisite to the possibility of government repression

Wilkinson and Manuel 5 (Daniel Wilkinson, managing director of the Americas division at Human Rights Watch, expert on Latin America, authored reports on human rights issues in Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, the United States, and Venezuela, graduate of Yale Law School, Anne Manuel, research director at Americas Watch, Families Torn Apart The High Cost of U.S. and Cuban Travel Restrictions, Human Rights Watch, October 2005, Vol. 17, No. 5 (B), www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/cuba1005.pdf kdh)
IV. Freedom of Movement … inhumane travel policies. 

The right to international travel is a vital aspect of egalitarian democracy and serves as a bulwark against all other injustices

Woods 96 (Jeanne, Prof of Law @ U of Loyola New Orleans, Travel that Talks: Toward First Amendment Protection for Freedom of Movement, George Washington Law Review, Vol. 65, No. 301, 1996, Lexis Nexis)SG
Free movement by … economic embargo laws.

Independently, international travel upholds democracy

Woods 96 (Jeanne, Prof of Law @ U of Loyola New Orleans, Travel that Talks: Toward First Amendment Protection for Freedom of Movement, George Washington Law Review, Vol. 65, No. 301, 1996, Lexis Nexis)LA
The promotion of … condemned for visiting.

The impact is the death of democratic politics—permitting economic and political motivations to dictate policy legitimates an era of disposability in which lives have no value and the government can justify eugenics and violence

Giroux 10 (Henry, Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Memories of Hope in the Age of Disposability, 9/28/10, http://archive.truthout.org/memories-hope-age-disposability63631)//SG
The new culture … vibrant democratic state.

We’ll control uniqueness—structural and political trends ensure disposability

Giroux 12 (Henry, Prof of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previously @ BU, Miami U, and Penn State, Why Don't Americans Care About Democracy at Home?, Truthout, 10/02/12, http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/11872-henry-a-giroux-why-dont-americans-care-about-democracy-at-home)//JA
Neoliberalism and the … recession and American politics.
Our political vision is crucial to the decryption of constitutions—that independently destroys democracy and causes decisionmaking in closed forums

Restrepo and Hincapíe 13 (Ricardo Sanín* and Gabriel Méndez, Universidad Javeriana (Colombia)* and Universidad Autónoma de Manizales and Universidad de Caldas (Colombia), The Encrypted Constitution: A New Paradigm of Oppression, 8/8/13, http://criticallegalthinking.com/2013/08/08/the-encrypted-constitution-a-new-paradigm-of-oppression/)//LA
Ever since judicial … immanent to democracy.

Nuclear miscalculation and genocide are inevitable absent our ethic—must hedge against technocratic models of decisionmaking

Fasching 93 (Darrell J., Prof of Religious Studies @ U of South Florida, The Ethical Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima, p. 232-233)UM
These technological barbarians, … must be subordinated.

Thus, in accordance with such an ethic of progressive democracy and openness to the Other, Plan: The United States federal government should normalize its travel relations with Cuba.
Contention Two—Framing
To reform legal institutions in the name of justice is the ultimate expression of freedom

Sokoloff 5 (William W., Prof @ USC and UC Irvine, Between Justice and Legality: Derrida on Decision, Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 58, No. 2, Jun. 2005, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3595634?seq=1)//JA
Derrida places imperatives … of political life.

The state is inevitable—means there’s an absolute ethical responsibility to STRIVE toward making it ethical—solvency isn’t a question

Simmons 99 (William Paul, Prof @ U of Arizona, Formerly ASU and Bethany College, The Third: Levinas’ Theoretical Move from An-Archical Ethics to the Realm of Justice and Politics, Philosophy and Social Criticism, 25(6), p. 83-104, http://theology.co.kr/wwwb/data/levinas/1-levinas.pdf)//LA
We should also … wants to secure.

The failure to reform the state triggers authoritarianism—politics keeps going without you

Boggs 2k (Carl, Prof of Political Science@ U of Southern California, The End of Politics: Corporate Power and Decline of the Public Sphere, p. 250-1)GDI
But it is … Burkean muddling-through theories.  

There’s a moral obligation to act against injustice even when our words won’t have an effect 

Filice 90 (Carlo, Asst Prof of Philosophy @ State University of New York, On the Obligation to Keep Informed about Distant Atrocities, Geneseo, Human Rights Quarterly, Aug, Vol. 12, No. 3. p. 397-414)UM
Objection 111: Help only those … to parochial matters. 

Utilitarian calculus makes decisionmaking impossible—justifies the worst atrocities in a framework of “necro-economics”

Weizman 11 (Eyal, Prof of visual and spatial cultures @ Goldsmiths, U of London, The Least of All Possible Evils: Humanitarian Violence from Arendt to Gaza, p. 8-10)UM
The theological origins … in this impossibility.17

Concern solely with survival justifies a “tyranny of survival” in which all other rights, including the right to life, can be freely violated

Callahan 73 (Daniel, Co-Founder and former director of The Hastings Institute, PhD in philosophy from Harvard University, The Tyranny of Survival, p 91-93)
The value of survival … or outright extinction.

Intervening actors check their impacts—can’t be responsible for events beyond our direct control

Gewirth 83 (Alan, philosopher, Human Rights: Essays on Justification and Applications, p 230-231)
A third distinction … rights of blacks.

Extinction is inevitable—this is an opportunity to prioritize ethics

Clark 10 (Nigel, Senior Lecturer in Geography @ Open U, Ex-Orbitant Generosity: Gifts of Love in a Cold Cosmos, Parallax, Vol. 16, No. 1, p. 80-95)dml
In this way, … us, then who?

Policy predictions fail—disregard the neg’s causal link chains

Tetlock and Gardner 11 (Dan* and Philip, Prof of organizational behavior @ the Haas Business School @ UC-Berkeley* and columnist and senior writer, 7/11/11, Overcoming Our Aversion to Acknowledging Our Ignorance, http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/07/11/dan-gardner-philip-tetlock/overcoming-our-aversion-acknowledging-our-ignorance)//EM
The editors may … more of the same.

No war—economic interdependence and deterrence

Deudney and Ikenberry 9 (Daniel and G. John, MA and PhD in Political Science, Professor, Political Science, Johns Hopkins University; PhD, Professor, International Affairs, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, January/February 2009, The Myth of the Autocratic Revival: Why Liberal Democracy Will Prevail, Foreign Affairs Vol 88, Issue 1)Hensel
This bleak outlook … autocratic revivalists acknowledge.

Tournament: TOC | Round: Semis | Opponent: University Prep DK | Judge: Alex Miles, Stephen Weil, Paul Johnson
Fronteras Compasivas is a non-governmental organization established in 2001 to provide life-saving water to migrants crossing the US-Mexico border

Waters 3 (Rick, Texas Christian University Magazine Class of ’95, Taking death out of the equation, http://www.magarchive.tcu.edu/articles/2003-03-F01.asp?issueid=200303#top)//LA *We don’t endorse gendered language.
"See that," he...out a hose.

The problem is that government permitting forbids Fronteras Compasivas from setting up water stations in certain key regions

Fronteras Compasivas No Date (Fronteras Compasivas, http://www.humaneborders.org/water-stations/)//LA
Most of the...safe for drinking.

Thus, the plan:

The United States federal government should lift its restrictions on the giving of water on and near the United States-Mexico border by non-governmental organizations.

Such a policy is an instance of unconditional hospitality, a form of writing in the name of justice and ethicality which transcends normative questions of legality, transforming the state from within

Doty 6 (Roxanne Lynne, Prof @ Arizona State U, Fronteras Compasivas and the Ethics of Unconditional Hospitality, Millenium 35(1), p. 53-74)LA *Clarity edit to this text marked by |||. *We don’t endorse ableist language.
The practice of...call to responsibility.66

Legality is a reality that we must confront and this process of confrontation is a prerequisite to instantiating justice

Simmons 99 (William Paul, Prof @ U of Arizona, Formerly ASU and Bethany College, The Third: Levinas’ Theoretical Move from An-Archical Ethics to the Realm of Justice and Politics, Philosophy and Social Criticism, 25(6), p. 83-104, http://theology.co.kr/wwwb/data/levinas/1-levinas.pdf)//LA
We should also...wants to secure.

Political engagement is an empowering process which transforms our social conditions

Mouffe 9, Professor of Political Theory at the Centre for the Study of Democracy, University of Westminster, Chantal, 2009, “The Importance of Engaging the State,” What is Radical Politics Today? Edited by Jonathan Pugh, 230-231, 234-237
The way we...of radical politics.

It’s our responsibility to cultivate a mode of organization for our political and social lives—it’s not enough to learn what to oppose, we have to articulate alternatives to the status quo that create the conditions for change

Sikkink 8 (Kathryn, Prof of Political Science @ U of Minnesota, The Role of Consequences, Comparison, and Counterfactuals in Constructivist Ethical Thought, http://www.polisci.umn.edu/centers/theory/pdf/sikkink.pdf)//JA *We don’t endorse ableist language.
Ethical arguments of...difficult to act. 

The affirmative’s politics are good, but they aren’t a panacea—we haven’t precluded alternative forms of politics or universalized our claims, only contended that in this SPECIFIC instance the deconstructive revitalization of the political has the potential to resist the imperial forces of violence—we aren’t asking you cast judgment on the instutions today but to suspend that judgment in favor of justice

McQuillian 9 (Martin, Prof of Literary Theory and Cultural Analysis and Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences @ Kingston U, Longon, Infinite Preface in Deconstruction After 9/11, Routledge 2009)Bolman *We don’t endorse ableist language.
Saving the world...of the other.

The promise of democracy to come is one we make to the future—the form that this promise takes is a constant reformation and criticism of actually existing democracies which are doomed to reinforce violence against migrants

Fritsch 2 (Matthias Fritsch, Professor of Philosophy at Concordia University, Montreal, Humboldt Fellow, “Derrida's Democracy to Come”, Constellations Volume 9, Issue 4, pages 574–597, December 2002, DOI: 10.1111/1467-8675.00304)

In Derrida’s writing...promise of repetition.

Our advocacy transforms the debate community into a weak public sphere capable of public policy through preventative foresight—we are the concerned citizenry that shapes public discussion of the plight of migrants

Kurasawa 4, (Fuyuki, Assistant Prof. of Sociology @ York University, Cautionary Tales, Constellations Vol. 11, No. 4, Blackwell Synergy) We don’t endorse ableist language.
In the twenty-first...via strong publics.7