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1AC FullertonTournament: Fullerton | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge: ====Advantage I is Global Influence—==== The liberal order is collapsing—US commitment is keyDeudney and Ikenberry 12 ~Daniel, Associate Professor of Political Science @ Johns Hopkins University, and G. John, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs @ Princeton University, November, "Democratic Internationalism An American Grand Strategy for a Post-Exceptionalist Era," p. 4-5, AG~ The plan is key to establishing a credible commitment to multilateralism and successful conflict resolution—this spills over to conflict preventionDickerson 10 – Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted in fulfillment of a Master of Strategic Studies Degree at the US Army War College (Sergio M, "UNITED STATES SECURITY STRATEGY TOWARDS CUBA," 1/14/10, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a518053.pdf) The plan reverses anti-Americanism and revitalizes diplomacyHill et al. 09, Brigadier General John Adams (Ret.), General James T. Hill (Ret.), Commanding General for US SOUTHCOM 2002-2004, Lieutenant General John G. Castellaw (Ret.), Rear Admiral John D. Hutson (Ret.), Lieutenant General Daniel W. Christman (Ret.), Superintendent of the United States Military Academy 1996-2001, Lieutenant General Claudia J. Kennedy (Ret.), Major General Paul D. Eaton (Ret.), General Barry R. McCaffrey (Ret.), Commanding General for US SOUTHCOM 1994-1996, Lieutenant General Robert G. Gard (Ret.), Col. Lawrence B. Wilkerson (Ret.), assistant to Colin Powell during tenure as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Secretary of State, Rear Admiral Donald J. Guter (Ret.), General Johnnie E. Wilson (Ret.), Letter from US military officials to President Obama regarding Cuba policy, prepared by the New America Foundation / US – Cuba Policy Initiative, 4/13/09, http://democracyinamericas.org/pdfs/National_Security.pdf ====That solves multiple scenarios for global instability—-alternatives end in conflcit==== The rise of global competitors is inevitable—bolstering relations with non-democratic powers is key to maintaining peaceful relations with rising powers and preventing great-power conflictFujimoto 2012 (Kevin, Lt. Colonel, U.S. Army, January 11, 2012, "Preserving U.S. National Security Interests Through a Liberal World Construct," http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/index.cfm/articles/Preserving-US-National-Security-Interests-Liberal-World-Construct/2012/1/11) The brink is now—China and Russia are balancing against the USGelb and Simes 7/6 ~Leslie, a former columnist, editor and correspondent for The New York Times, is president emeritus of the Council on Foreign Relations, and Dimitri, president of the Center for the National Interest and publisher of its magazine, The National Interest, "A New Anti-American Axis?" http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/07/opinion/sunday/a-new-anti-american-axis.html?ref=opinion26_r=026pagewanted=all~~ Counterbalancing causes global nuclear escalation—multilateralism is keyRoberts 7 (Paul Craig, Senior Research Fellow @ the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, William E. Simon Chairin Political Economy, Center for Strategic and International Studies "US Hegemony Spawns Russian-Chinese Military Alliance,"http://www.lewrockwell.com/roberts/roberts218.html) ===1AC Plan === ====Plan: The United States federal government should substantially repeal its economic sanctions on Cuba.==== 1AC AgricultureAdvantage II is AgricultureGlobal industrial agriculture is unsustainable – effects are irreversiblePeters 10 – LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, "Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution" J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION ~Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf) Cuba’s model of urban agriculture is a sustainable alternativePeters 10 – LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, "Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution" J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION ~Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf) The plan spreads organoponic production—-revitalizing urban spacesShkolnick 12 (Jacob, JD Candidate at Drake, SIN EMBARGO: 1 THE CUBAN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR THE UNITED STATES", Fall 2012, 17 Drake J. Agric L 683, lexis)moxley ====Access to US export model spreads the Cuban model==== The US is key to global ag policyWFP 10 ~World Food Prize, "Chicago Council Wins Grant to Expand Global Agricultural Development Initiative," Dec 23, 2010, pg. http://www.worldfoodprize.org/index.cfm?nodeID=2466726action=display26newsID=11003~~ Industrial agriculture is the root cause of warming – only a shift now solvesCummins 10 (Ronnie, founder and Director of the Organic Consumers Association (OCA), a non-profit, U.S. based network of 850,000 consumers, dedicated to safeguarding organic standards and promoting a healthy, just, and sustainable system of agriculture and commerce. The OCA’s primary strategy is to work on national and global campaigns promoting health, justice, and sustainability that integrate public education, marketplace pressure, media work, litigation, and grassroots lobbying. Cummins is also editor of OCA’s website www.organicconsumers.org (30,000 visitors a day) and newsletters, Organic Bytes (270,000 subscribers), and Organic View, he has served as director of US and international efforts such as the Pure Food Campaign, and the Global Days of Action Against GMOs. From 1992-98 Cummins served as a campaign director for the Foundation on Economic Trends in Washington, D.C, October 10th, 2010, "Industrial Agriculture and Human Survival: The Road Beyond 10/10/10", http://www.commondreams.org/view/2010/10/07-9-http://www.commondreams.org/view/2010/10/07-9)//moxley Warming is real, anthropogenic and causes extinctionFlournoy 12 – Dan Flournoy, PhD and MA from the University of Texas, Former Dean of the University College at Ohio University, Former Associate Dean at State University of New York and Case Institute of Technology, Project Manager for University/Industry Experiments for the NASA ACTS Satellite, Currently Professor of Telecommunications at Scripps College of Communications @ Ohio University, January 2012, "Solar Power Satellites," Springer Briefs in Space Development Warming magnifies all impacts and makes global conflicts inevitableGinsborg et al. 12 – Mikkel Funder, Signe Marie Cold-Ravnkilde and Ida Peters Ginsborg - in collaboration with Nanna Callisen Bang, Denmark Institute for International Studies, 2012, "ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE AND CONFLICT IN DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION EXPERIENCES FROM NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT" www.diis.dk/graphics/Publications/Reports2012/RP2012-04-Addressing-climate-change_web.jpg.pdf A shift towards organic farming prevents a global phosphorous crisisOliveira 11 ~Caroline Felix Oliveira, Addressing the Phosphate Crisis: Precision Agriculture versus Agroecology, University of Florida Honor’s Thesis, 4/20/2011, pg. www.honors.ufl.edu/apps/Thesis.aspx/Download/945~ Industrial agriculture has jeopardized the availability of phosphate for future generations. Agriculture’s dependence on That causes global instability—-famines and global phosphorus warsElser 26 White 10—Professor of Ecology @ Arizona State University 26 Director of the Institute for Sustainable Futures @ University of Technology ~James Elser 26 Stuart White, "Peak Phosphorus," Foreign Policy, April 20, 2010, pg. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/04/20/peak_phosphorus?page=full~~ Agroecology solves coming global water crisis.Pretty 6—Professor of Environment and Society at University of Essex ~Jules Pretty, Agroecological Approaches to Agricultural Development, Background Paper for the World Development Report 2008, November 2006~ Water wars escalate—Capability asymmetry and desperation results in nuclear useZahoor 12 (Musharaf, Researcher at Department of Nuclear Politics – National Defense University, Water Crisis can Trigger Nuclear War in South Asia, http://www.siasat.pk) | 10/20/13 |
1AC GlenbrooksTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge: ====Advantage I is the Liberal Order—==== It’s collapsing—reformation is keyDeudney and Ikenberry 12 ~Daniel, Associate Professor of Political Science @ Johns Hopkins University, and G. John, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs @ Princeton University, November, "Democratic Internationalism An American Grand Strategy for a Post-Exceptionalist Era," p. 4-5, AG~ Lifting the embargo is key to renewed perception—spills over to conflict preventionDickerson 10 – Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted in fulfillment of a Master of Strategic Studies Degree at the US Army War College (Sergio M, "UNITED STATES SECURITY STRATEGY TOWARDS CUBA," 1/14/10, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a518053.pdf) Also reverses anti-Americanism and revitalizes diplomacyHill et al. 09, Brigadier General John Adams (Ret.), General James T. Hill (Ret.), Commanding General for US SOUTHCOM 2002-2004, Lieutenant General John G. Castellaw (Ret.), Rear Admiral John D. Hutson (Ret.), Lieutenant General Daniel W. Christman (Ret.), Superintendent of the United States Military Academy 1996-2001, Lieutenant General Claudia J. Kennedy (Ret.), Major General Paul D. Eaton (Ret.), General Barry R. McCaffrey (Ret.), Commanding General for US SOUTHCOM 1994-1996, Lieutenant General Robert G. Gard (Ret.), Col. Lawrence B. Wilkerson (Ret.), assistant to Colin Powell during tenure as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Secretary of State, Rear Admiral Donald J. Guter (Ret.), General Johnnie E. Wilson (Ret.), Letter from US military officials to President Obama regarding Cuba policy, prepared by the New America Foundation / US – Cuba Policy Initiative, 4/13/09, http://democracyinamericas.org/pdfs/National_Security.pdf ====That solves multiple scenarios for global instability—-alternatives end in conflict==== Global competition is inevitable—bolstering relations with non-democratic powers is key to maintaining peaceful relations with rising powers and preventing great-power conflictFujimoto 12 (Kevin, Lt. Colonel, U.S. Army, January 11, 2012, "Preserving U.S. National Security Interests Through a Liberal World Construct," http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/index.cfm/articles/Preserving-US-National-Security-Interests-Liberal-World-Construct/2012/1/11) The brink is now—China and Russia are balancing against the USGelb and Simes 7/6 ~Leslie, a former columnist, editor and correspondent for The New York Times, is president emeritus of the Council on Foreign Relations, and Dimitri, president of the Center for the National Interest and publisher of its magazine, The National Interest, "A New Anti-American Axis?" http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/07/opinion/sunday/a-new-anti-american-axis.html?ref=opinion26_r=026pagewanted=all~~ Chinese insiders confirmWeitz 13 ~Richard,"Global Insights: Russia-China Naval Drill Sends Mixed Signals" http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/13111/global-insights-russia-china-naval-drill-sends-mixed-signals"~ The impact is global nuclear escalationRoberts 7 (Paul Craig, Senior Research Fellow @ the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, William E. Simon Chairin Political Economy, Center for Strategic and International Studies "US Hegemony Spawns Russian-Chinese Military Alliance,"http://www.lewrockwell.com/roberts/roberts218.html) ====Plan: The United States federal government should substantially repeal its economic sanctions on Cuba.==== Advantage II is AgricultureGlobal industrial agriculture is unsustainable – effects are irreversiblePeters 10 – LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, "Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution" J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION ~Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf) Cuba’s model of urban agriculture is a sustainable alternativePeters 10 – LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, "Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution" J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION ~Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf) But the model is dying—-now is keyRaj Patel, Fellow at the Institute for Food and Development Policy, 2012 The plan spreads organoponic production—-revitalizing urban spacesShkolnick 12 (Jacob, JD Candidate at Drake, SIN EMBARGO: 1 THE CUBAN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR THE UNITED STATES", Fall 2012, 17 Drake J. Agric L 683, lexis)moxley ====Access to US export model spreads the Cuban model==== ====So does commercial exchange==== The US is key to global agWFP 10 ~World Food Prize, "Chicago Council Wins Grant to Expand Global Agricultural Development Initiative," Dec 23, 2010, pg. http://www.worldfoodprize.org/index.cfm?nodeID=2466726action=display26newsID=11003~~ Industrial agriculture is the root cause of warmingCummins 10 (Ronnie, founder and Director of the Organic Consumers Association (OCA), a non-profit, U.S. based network of 850,000 consumers, dedicated to safeguarding organic standards and promoting a healthy, just, and sustainable system of agriculture and commerce. The OCA’s primary strategy is to work on national and global campaigns promoting health, justice, and sustainability that integrate public education, marketplace pressure, media work, litigation, and grassroots lobbying. Cummins is also editor of OCA’s website www.organicconsumers.org (30,000 visitors a day) and newsletters, Organic Bytes (270,000 subscribers), and Organic View, he has served as director of US and international efforts such as the Pure Food Campaign, and the Global Days of Action Against GMOs. From 1992-98 Cummins served as a campaign director for the Foundation on Economic Trends in Washington, D.C, October 10th, 2010, "Industrial Agriculture and Human Survival: The Road Beyond 10/10/10", http://www.commondreams.org/view/2010/10/07-9-http://www.commondreams.org/view/2010/10/07-9) Warming is real, anthropogenic and causes extinctionFlournoy 12 – Dan Flournoy, PhD and MA from the University of Texas, Former Dean of the University College at Ohio University, Former Associate Dean at State University of New York and Case Institute of Technology, Project Manager for University/Industry Experiments for the NASA ACTS Satellite, Currently Professor of Telecommunications at Scripps College of Communications @ Ohio University, January 2012, "Solar Power Satellites," Springer Briefs in Space Development Warming magnifies all impactsGinsborg et al. 12 – Mikkel Funder, Signe Marie Cold-Ravnkilde and Ida Peters Ginsborg - in collaboration with Nanna Callisen Bang, Denmark Institute for International Studies, 2012, "ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE AND CONFLICT IN DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION EXPERIENCES FROM NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT" www.diis.dk/graphics/Publications/Reports2012/RP2012-04-Addressing-climate-change_web.jpg.pdf A shift towards organic farming prevents a phosphorous crisisOliveira 11 ~Caroline Felix Oliveira, Addressing the Phosphate Crisis: Precision Agriculture versus Agroecology, University of Florida Honor’s Thesis, 4/20/2011, pg. www.honors.ufl.edu/apps/Thesis.aspx/Download/945~ Industrial agriculture has jeopardized the availability of phosphate for future generations. Agriculture’s dependence on The impact is famine and global phosphorus warsElser 26 White 10—Professor of Ecology @ Arizona State University 26 Director of the Institute for Sustainable Futures @ University of Technology ~James Elser 26 Stuart White, "Peak Phosphorus," Foreign Policy, April 20, 2010, pg. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/04/20/peak_phosphorus?page=full~~ A shift solves global water crisisPretty 6—Professor of Environment and Society at University of Essex ~Jules Pretty, Agroecological Approaches to Agricultural Development, Background Paper for the World Development Report 2008, November 2006~ That goes nuclearZahoor 12 (Musharaf, Researcher at Department of Nuclear Politics – National Defense University, Water Crisis can Trigger Nuclear War in South Asia, http://www.siasat.pk) | 11/24/13 |
1AC GreenhillTournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge: ====Plan: The United States federal government should substantially repeal its economic sanctions on Cuba.==== ===1AC Global Influence=== ====Advantage I is Global Influence—==== The liberal order is collapsing—US commitment is keyDeudney and Ikenberry 12 ~Daniel, Associate Professor of Political Science @ Johns Hopkins University, and G. John, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs @ Princeton University, November, "Democratic Internationalism An American Grand Strategy for a Post-Exceptionalist Era," p. 4-5, AG~ The plan is key to establishing a credible commitment to multilateralism and successful conflict resolution—this spills over to conflict preventionDickerson 10 – Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted in fulfillment of a Master of Strategic Studies Degree at the US Army War College (Sergio M, "UNITED STATES SECURITY STRATEGY TOWARDS CUBA," 1/14/10, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a518053.pdf) The plan reverses anti-Americanism and revitalizes diplomacyHill et al. 09, Brigadier General John Adams (Ret.), General James T. Hill (Ret.), Commanding General for US SOUTHCOM 2002-2004, Lieutenant General John G. Castellaw (Ret.), Rear Admiral John D. Hutson (Ret.), Lieutenant General Daniel W. Christman (Ret.), Superintendent of the United States Military Academy 1996-2001, Lieutenant General Claudia J. Kennedy (Ret.), Major General Paul D. Eaton (Ret.), General Barry R. McCaffrey (Ret.), Commanding General for US SOUTHCOM 1994-1996, Lieutenant General Robert G. Gard (Ret.), Col. Lawrence B. Wilkerson (Ret.), assistant to Colin Powell during tenure as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Secretary of State, Rear Admiral Donald J. Guter (Ret.), General Johnnie E. Wilson (Ret.), Letter from US military officials to President Obama regarding Cuba policy, prepared by the New America Foundation / US – Cuba Policy Initiative, 4/13/09, http://democracyinamericas.org/pdfs/National_Security.pdf ====That solves multiple scenarios for global instability—-alternatives end in conflcit==== The rise of global competitors is inevitable—bolstering relations with non-democratic powers is key to maintaining peaceful relations with rising powers and preventing great-power conflictFujimoto 2012 (Kevin, Lt. Colonel, U.S. Army, January 11, 2012, "Preserving U.S. National Security Interests Through a Liberal World Construct," http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/index.cfm/articles/Preserving-US-National-Security-Interests-Liberal-World-Construct/2012/1/11) The brink is now—China and Russia are balancing against the USGelb and Simes 7/6 ~Leslie, a former columnist, editor and correspondent for The New York Times, is president emeritus of the Council on Foreign Relations, and Dimitri, president of the Center for the National Interest and publisher of its magazine, The National Interest, "A New Anti-American Axis?" http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/07/opinion/sunday/a-new-anti-american-axis.html?ref=opinion26_r=026pagewanted=all~~ Counterbalancing causes global nuclear escalation—multilateralism is keyRoberts 7 (Paul Craig, Senior Research Fellow @ the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, William E. Simon Chairin Political Economy, Center for Strategic and International Studies "US Hegemony Spawns Russian-Chinese Military Alliance,"http://www.lewrockwell.com/roberts/roberts218.html) 1AC AgricultureAdvantage II is AgricultureGlobal industrial agriculture is unsustainable – effects are irreversiblePeters 10 – LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, "Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution" J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION ~Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf) Cuba’s model of urban agriculture is a sustainable alternativePeters 10 – LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, "Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution" J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION ~Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf) The plan spreads organoponic production—-revitalizing urban spacesShkolnick 12 (Jacob, JD Candidate at Drake, SIN EMBARGO: 1 THE CUBAN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR THE UNITED STATES", Fall 2012, 17 Drake J. Agric L 683, lexis)moxley ====Access to US export model spreads the Cuban model==== The US is key to global ag policyWFP 10 ~World Food Prize, "Chicago Council Wins Grant to Expand Global Agricultural Development Initiative," Dec 23, 2010, pg. http://www.worldfoodprize.org/index.cfm?nodeID=2466726action=display26newsID=11003~~ Industrial agriculture is the root cause of warming – only a shift now solvesCummins 10 (Ronnie, founder and Director of the Organic Consumers Association (OCA), a non-profit, U.S. based network of 850,000 consumers, dedicated to safeguarding organic standards and promoting a healthy, just, and sustainable system of agriculture and commerce. The OCA’s primary strategy is to work on national and global campaigns promoting health, justice, and sustainability that integrate public education, marketplace pressure, media work, litigation, and grassroots lobbying. Cummins is also editor of OCA’s website www.organicconsumers.org (30,000 visitors a day) and newsletters, Organic Bytes (270,000 subscribers), and Organic View, he has served as director of US and international efforts such as the Pure Food Campaign, and the Global Days of Action Against GMOs. From 1992-98 Cummins served as a campaign director for the Foundation on Economic Trends in Washington, D.C, October 10th, 2010, "Industrial Agriculture and Human Survival: The Road Beyond 10/10/10", http://www.commondreams.org/view/2010/10/07-9-http://www.commondreams.org/view/2010/10/07-9)//moxley Warming is real, anthropogenic and causes extinctionFlournoy 12 – Dan Flournoy, PhD and MA from the University of Texas, Former Dean of the University College at Ohio University, Former Associate Dean at State University of New York and Case Institute of Technology, Project Manager for University/Industry Experiments for the NASA ACTS Satellite, Currently Professor of Telecommunications at Scripps College of Communications @ Ohio University, January 2012, "Solar Power Satellites," Springer Briefs in Space Development Warming magnifies all impacts and makes global conflicts inevitableGinsborg et al. 12 – Mikkel Funder, Signe Marie Cold-Ravnkilde and Ida Peters Ginsborg - in collaboration with Nanna Callisen Bang, Denmark Institute for International Studies, 2012, "ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE AND CONFLICT IN DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION EXPERIENCES FROM NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT" www.diis.dk/graphics/Publications/Reports2012/RP2012-04-Addressing-climate-change_web.jpg.pdf | 9/21/13 |
1AC MeadowsTournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge: ====Plan: The United States federal government should substantially repeal its economic sanctions on Cuba.==== ====Advantage I is the Liberal Order—==== It’s collapsing—reformation is keyDeudney and Ikenberry 12 ~Daniel, Associate Professor of Political Science @ Johns Hopkins University, and G. John, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs @ Princeton University, November, "Democratic Internationalism An American Grand Strategy for a Post-Exceptionalist Era," p. 4-5, AG~ Lifting the embargo solves perception conflict resolution—this spills over to conflict preventionDickerson 10 – Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted in fulfillment of a Master of Strategic Studies Degree at the US Army War College (Sergio M, "UNITED STATES SECURITY STRATEGY TOWARDS CUBA," 1/14/10, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a518053.pdf) The plan reverses anti-Americanism and revitalizes diplomacyHill et al. 09, Brigadier General John Adams (Ret.), General James T. Hill (Ret.), Commanding General for US SOUTHCOM 2002-2004, Lieutenant General John G. Castellaw (Ret.), Rear Admiral John D. Hutson (Ret.), Lieutenant General Daniel W. Christman (Ret.), Superintendent of the United States Military Academy 1996-2001, Lieutenant General Claudia J. Kennedy (Ret.), Major General Paul D. Eaton (Ret.), General Barry R. McCaffrey (Ret.), Commanding General for US SOUTHCOM 1994-1996, Lieutenant General Robert G. Gard (Ret.), Col. Lawrence B. Wilkerson (Ret.), assistant to Colin Powell during tenure as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Secretary of State, Rear Admiral Donald J. Guter (Ret.), General Johnnie E. Wilson (Ret.), Letter from US military officials to President Obama regarding Cuba policy, prepared by the New America Foundation / US – Cuba Policy Initiative, 4/13/09, http://democracyinamericas.org/pdfs/National_Security.pdf ====That solves multiple scenarios for global instability—-alternatives end in conflcit==== Global competition is inevitable—bolstering relations with non-democratic powers is key to maintaining peaceful relations with rising powers and preventing great-power conflictFujimoto 2012 (Kevin, Lt. Colonel, U.S. Army, January 11, 2012, "Preserving U.S. National Security Interests Through a Liberal World Construct," http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/index.cfm/articles/Preserving-US-National-Security-Interests-Liberal-World-Construct/2012/1/11) The brink is now—China and Russia are balancing against the USGelb and Simes 7/6 ~Leslie, a former columnist, editor and correspondent for The New York Times, is president emeritus of the Council on Foreign Relations, and Dimitri, president of the Center for the National Interest and publisher of its magazine, The National Interest, "A New Anti-American Axis?" http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/07/opinion/sunday/a-new-anti-american-axis.html?ref=opinion26_r=026pagewanted=all~~ Counterbalancing causes global nuclear escalation—multilateralism is keyRoberts 7 (Paul Craig, Senior Research Fellow @ the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, William E. Simon Chairin Political Economy, Center for Strategic and International Studies "US Hegemony Spawns Russian-Chinese Military Alliance,"http://www.lewrockwell.com/roberts/roberts218.html) The rise of global competitors is inevitable—bolstering relations with non-democratic powers is key to maintaining peaceful relations with rising powers and preventing great-power conflictFujimoto 2012 (Kevin, Lt. Colonel, U.S. Army, January 11, 2012, "Preserving U.S. National Security Interests Through a Liberal World Construct," http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/index.cfm/articles/Preserving-US-National-Security-Interests-Liberal-World-Construct/2012/1/11) The brink is now—China and Russia are balancing against the USGelb and Simes 7/6 ~Leslie, a former columnist, editor and correspondent for The New York Times, is president emeritus of the Council on Foreign Relations, and Dimitri, president of the Center for the National Interest and publisher of its magazine, The National Interest, "A New Anti-American Axis?" http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/07/opinion/sunday/a-new-anti-american-axis.html?ref=opinion26_r=026pagewanted=all~~ Counterbalancing causes global nuclear escalation—the Liberal Order is keyRoberts 7 (Paul Craig, Senior Research Fellow @ the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, William E. Simon Chairin Political Economy, Center for Strategic and International Studies "US Hegemony Spawns Russian-Chinese Military Alliance,"http://www.lewrockwell.com/roberts/roberts218.html) ====1AC Agriculture==== Advantage II is AgricultureGlobal industrial agriculture is unsustainable – effects are irreversiblePeters 10 – LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, "Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution" J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION ~Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf) Cuba’s model of urban agriculture is a sustainable alternativePeters 10 – LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, "Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution" J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION ~Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf) The plan spreads organoponic production—-revitalizing urban spacesShkolnick 12 (Jacob, JD Candidate at Drake, SIN EMBARGO: 1 THE CUBAN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR THE UNITED STATES", Fall 2012, 17 Drake J. Agric L 683, lexis)moxley ====Access to US export model spreads the Cuban model==== Increasing investment key to Cuban model safety and spillover.King 12~M. Dawn King, Professor of Environmental Studies at Brown, 3/21/12 The US is key to global ag policyWFP 10 ~World Food Prize, "Chicago Council Wins Grant to Expand Global Agricultural Development Initiative," Dec 23, 2010, pg. http://www.worldfoodprize.org/index.cfm?nodeID=2466726action=display26newsID=11003~~ Plan spills overPurvis German Marshall Fund senior fellow, 2013 Given the clear consensus among scientists that the world is not doing Industrial agriculture is the root cause of warming – only a shift now solvesCummins 10 (Ronnie, founder and Director of the Organic Consumers Association (OCA), a non-profit, U.S. based network of 850,000 consumers, dedicated to safeguarding organic standards and promoting a healthy, just, and sustainable system of agriculture and commerce. The OCA’s primary strategy is to work on national and global campaigns promoting health, justice, and sustainability that integrate public education, marketplace pressure, media work, litigation, and grassroots lobbying. Cummins is also editor of OCA’s website www.organicconsumers.org (30,000 visitors a day) and newsletters, Organic Bytes (270,000 subscribers), and Organic View, he has served as director of US and international efforts such as the Pure Food Campaign, and the Global Days of Action Against GMOs. From 1992-98 Cummins served as a campaign director for the Foundation on Economic Trends in Washington, D.C, October 10th, 2010, "Industrial Agriculture and Human Survival: The Road Beyond 10/10/10", http://www.commondreams.org/view/2010/10/07-9-http://www.commondreams.org/view/2010/10/07-9)//moxley Warming is real, anthropogenic and causes extinctionFlournoy 12 – Dan Flournoy, PhD and MA from the University of Texas, Former Dean of the University College at Ohio University, Former Associate Dean at State University of New York and Case Institute of Technology, Project Manager for University/Industry Experiments for the NASA ACTS Satellite, Currently Professor of Telecommunications at Scripps College of Communications @ Ohio University, January 2012, "Solar Power Satellites," Springer Briefs in Space Development Warming magnifies all impacts and makes global conflicts inevitableGinsborg et al. 12 – Mikkel Funder, Signe Marie Cold-Ravnkilde and Ida Peters Ginsborg - in collaboration with Nanna Callisen Bang, Denmark Institute for International Studies, 2012, "ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE AND CONFLICT IN DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION EXPERIENCES FROM NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT" www.diis.dk/graphics/Publications/Reports2012/RP2012-04-Addressing-climate-change_web.jpg.pdf A shift towards organic farming prevents a global phosphorous crisisOliveira 11 ~Caroline Felix Oliveira, Addressing the Phosphate Crisis: Precision Agriculture versus Agroecology, University of Florida Honor’s Thesis, 4/20/2011, pg. www.honors.ufl.edu/apps/Thesis.aspx/Download/945~ Industrial agriculture has jeopardized the availability of phosphate for future generations. Agriculture’s dependence on That risks famines and global phosphorus warsElser 26 White 10—Professor of Ecology @ Arizona State University 26 Director of the Institute for Sustainable Futures @ University of Technology ~James Elser 26 Stuart White, "Peak Phosphorus," Foreign Policy, April 20, 2010, pg. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/04/20/peak_phosphorus?page=full~~ Agroecology solves coming global water crisis.Pretty 6—Professor of Environment and Society at University of Essex ~Jules Pretty, Agroecological Approaches to Agricultural Development, Background Paper for the World Development Report 2008, November 2006~ Water wars escalate—Capability asymmetry and desperation results in nuclear useZahoor 12 (Musharaf, Researcher at Department of Nuclear Politics – National Defense University, Water Crisis can Trigger Nuclear War in South Asia, http://www.siasat.pk) | 11/5/13 |
1AC--GonzagaTournament: Gonzaga | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All First---phosphorous crisis Second---global water wars First is genetic pollution The Irish potato famine is a tragic example of the vulnerability of genetically uniform crops Over the past 30 years, honeybee populations have plummeted 50. Many factors are The impact is extinction Herrmann 11 (Lynn Herrmann, writer at Digital Journal, “Report: World Bee Decline Signals ‘Sixth Major Extinction,’” Digital Journal, March 11, 2011, http://digitaljournal.com/article/304525) Third---effective worm growth Worms control the strongest internal link to biodiversity Biodiversity loss increases disease vulnerability Biodiversity is also key to the staples of human survival Thus the plan: The United States federal government should substantially repeal its sanctions on agricultural imports from Cuba. Cuba’s model of urban agriculture is a sustainable alternative Independently that leads to modeling The US is key to global agriculture | 1/5/14 |
Contact InfoTournament: - Cites - | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge: | 10/20/13 |
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