General Actions:
Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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Chattahoochee | 1 | Alpharetta |
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GFCA 1st2nd Year State | 3 | Woodward |
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Tournament | Round | Report |
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GFCA 1st2nd Year State | 3 | Opponent: Woodward | Judge: Neg Strat |
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Entry | Date |
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1AC EmbargoTournament: Chattahoochee | Round: 1 | Opponent: Alpharetta | Judge: 1ACPlan: The United States federal government should establish a policy of constructive engagement toward the Republic of Cuba by lifting the embargo and removing the Republic of Cuba from the State Department’s list of State Sponsors of Terrorism.Contention One: Soft PowerFirst, the Cuban embargo undermines U.S.-Latin American relations.Hakim 13 — Peter Hakim, President Emeritus and Senior Fellow of the Inter-American Dialogue—a Washington-based think tank on Western Hemisphere affairs, Member of the Council on Foreign Relations, has served on boards and advisory committees for the World Bank, Council on Competitiveness, Inter-American Development Bank, Canadian Foundation for Latin America, Partners for Democratic Change, and Human Rights Watch, holds a Master of Public and International Affairs degree from Princeton University’s Woodrow Wilson School, 2013 ("Post Chavez: Can U.S. rebuild Latin American ties?," The Great Debate—a Reuters blog, March 27th, Available Online at http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2013/03/27/post-chavez-can-u-s-rebuild-latin-american-ties/, Accessed 05-20-2013) Recent developments suggest, however, that for Washington Second, strong U.S.-Latin American relations are vital to address a wide range of impacts including economic growth, climate change, proliferation, democracy, and human rights.Bachelet et al. 12 — Michelle Bachelet, former President of Chile, head of UN Women, and Carla A. Hills, Co-chair of the Council on Foreign Relations, Chair of the National Committee on United States-China Relations, served as United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under President Ford and as a U.S. Trade Representative under President Bush, co-chairs of the Sol M. Linowitz Forum of the Inter-American Dialogue—a non-partisan, 100-member group of politicians, academics, business leaders, and others from the United States and Latin America, et al., 2012 ("Remaking the Relationship: The United States and Latin America," Report of the Sol M. Linowitz Forum of the Inter-American Dialogue, April, Available Online at http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf, Accessed 05-20-2013, p. 3-4) There are compelling reasons for the United States and Latin America to pursue more robust ties. Third, engagement with Cuba boosts overall U.S. soft power — the plan increases momentum and credibility.Dickerson 10 — Sergio M. Dickerson, Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Army, 2010 ("United States Security Strategy Towards Cuba," Strategy Research Project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Strategic Studies Degree at the U.S. Army War College, January 14th, Available Online at http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA518053, Accessed 05-20-2013, p. 21-22) Fourth, soft power is key to prevent every major impact — power diffusion makes U.S. influence vital.Nye 9 — Joseph S. Nye, Jr., University Distinguished Service Professor and Former Dean of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, served as Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, Chair of the National Intelligence Council, and Deputy Under Secretary of State for Security Assistance, Science and Technology, holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from Harvard University, 2009 ("American Power in the Twenty-First Century," Project Syndicate, September 10th, Available Online at http://www.project-syndicate.org/print/american-power-in-the-twenty-first-century, Accessed 05-27-2013) The United States government’s National Intelligence Council projects that American dominance will be "much Finally, constructive engagement boosts relations and soft power—the plan solves.Gerz-Escandon 8 — Jennifer Gerz-Escandon, National Scholarship and Fellowship Coordinator for the Honors College at Georgia State University, former chair of the International Relations Degree Program and the Director of the Center for International Programs and Services at Lynn University, former Director of International Studies at the University of Evansville, holds a Ph.D. in International Relations from the University of Miami, 2008 ("End the US-Cuba embargo: It’s a win-win," Christian Science Monitor, October 9th, Available Online at http://www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/Opinion/2008/1009/p09s02-coop.html, Accessed 06-15-2013) Supporters of the embargo say it serves as an important symbolic protest of Cuba’s deplorable Contention Two: TerrorismFirst, enforcing the embargo diverts attention and resources from urgent counter-terrorism priorities including Iran.Johnson et al. 10 — Andy Johnson, Director of the National Security Program at Third Way—a public policy think tank, former Staff Director of the Senate Intelligence Committee, et al., with Kyle Spector, Policy Advisor in the National Security Program at Third Way, and Kristina Lilac, Policy Advisor in the National Security Program at Third Way, 2010 ("End the Embargo of Cuba," Memorandum issued by Third Way—a public policy think tank, September 16th, Available Online at http://content.thirdway.org/publications/326/Third_Way_Memo_-_End_the_Embargo_of_Cuba.pdf, Accessed 07-20-2013) Second, Cuba’s inclusion on the Terror List independently undermines U.S. anti-terrorism credibility.Kayyem 13 — Juliette Kayyem, Lecturer in Public Policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, Member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Pacific Council on International Policy, Columnist for the Boston Globe, former Assistant Secretary for Intergovernmental Affairs in the United States Department of Homeland Security, holds a J.D. from Harvard Law School, 2013 ("Diluting the terror watch lists," Boston Globe, April 29th, Available Online at http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2013/04/28/making-terror-lists-matter-cuba-not-state-sponsor-terrorism/X2NW0rfYm5A2eJT5VZEuHI/story.html, Accessed 05-14-2013) This week, another terrorism watch list will be announced, known as the state Third, Iran-sponsored terrorism is an urgent threat — large-scale attacks against Israel and the U.S. are likely.Jenkins 12 — Brian Michael Jenkins, Senior Adviser to the President of the RAND Corporation, formerly served as chair of the Political Science Department at RAND, former member of the National Commission on Terrorism, holds an M.A. in History from the University of California-Los Angeles, 2012 ("An Assessment of the Current Terrorist Threat: A Resurgence of Iranian-Sponsored Terrorism," RAND Corporation — Excerpt from Congressional Testimony, July 23rd, Available Online at http://www.rand.org/blog/2012/07/an-assessment-of-the-current-terrorist-threat-a-resurgence.html, Accessed 07-20-2013) Jihadists are not the only terrorist concern Fifth, nuclear terrorism is an existential threat — don’t underestimate the probability.Saga 8 — Saga Foundation—a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization dedicated to raising awareness and creating models for action to increase nuclear safety and security, 2008 ("Nuclear Terrorism: Local Effects, Global Consequences," White Paper — Saga Foundation, July, Available Online at http://www.sagafoundation.org/SagaFoundationWhitePaperSAGAMARK7282008.pdf, Accessed 07-20-2013, p. 1-2) Nuclear terrorism represents the most serious existential threat to the security of the United States Sixth, the plan solves — it sends an immediate signal that boosts counterterrorism credibility.Kayyem 13 — Juliette Kayyem, Lecturer in Public Policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, Member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Pacific Council on International Policy, Columnist for the Boston Globe, former Assistant Secretary for Intergovernmental Affairs in the United States Department of Homeland Security, holds a J.D. from Harvard Law School, 2013 ("Diluting the terror watch lists," Boston Globe, April 29th, Available Online at http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2013/04/28/making-terror-lists-matter-cuba-not-state-sponsor-terrorism/X2NW0rfYm5A2eJT5VZEuHI/story.html, Accessed 05-14-2013) The Obama administration can make a powerful symbolic statement about Cuba and begin a slow Finally, the plan redirects resources to better fight terrorism — it shifts security priorities.Johnson et al. 10 — Andy Johnson, Director of the National Security Program at Third Way—a public policy think tank, former Staff Director of the Senate Intelligence Committee, et al., with Kyle Spector, Policy Advisor in the National Security Program at Third Way, and Kristina Lilac, Policy Advisor in the National Security Program at Third Way, 2010 ("End the Embargo of Cuba," Memorandum issued by Third Way—a public policy think tank, September 16th, Available Online at http://content.thirdway.org/publications/326/Third_Way_Memo_-_End_the_Embargo_of_Cuba.pdf, Accessed 07-20-2013) Bringing Cuba out of isolation and back into the international fold is a smart move First, current U.S. policy toward Cuba has failed — engagement is needed.Huddleston and Pascual 10 — Vicki Huddleston, Visiting Fellow at the Brookings Institution and Published by Brookings Institution Press, ISBN 9780815704324, p. 1) If one compares outcomes to stated objectives, U.S. policy toward Cuba Second, now is the key time for constructive engagement — the plan establishes a new paradigm for U.S.-Cuba relations.Piccone 13 — Ted Piccone, Senior Fellow and Deputy Director for Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institution, served eight years as a senior foreign policy advisor in the Clinton Administration, holds a J.D. from Columbia University, 2013 ("Time to Bet on Cuba," The Hill, March 18th, Available Online at http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2013/03/18-cuba-piccone, Accessed 05-20-2013) Cuba’s efforts to "update" its socialist system through a series of economic reforms just got more complicated. The death of Venezuela’s Hugo Chávez, its principal benefactor, could seriously disrupt what is already a precarious process of maintaining top-down political control while liberalizing elements of the economy. Raúl Castro’s announcement that he will step down in five years and the emergence of younger leaders born after the 1959 revolution add further uncertainty to the island’s future. Finally, unconditional engagement is key — the U.S. should act regardless of Cuba’s response.Huddleston and Pascual 10 — Vicki Huddleston, Visiting Fellow at the Brookings Institution and, Published by Brookings Institution Press, ISBN 9780815704324, p. 10) This book’s recommendation of a proactive, unilateral policy is predicated on an assessment that | 3/5/14 |
1AC SOATournament: GFCA 1st2nd Year State | Round: 3 | Opponent: Woodward | Judge: 1ACPlanPlan Text: The United States federal government should allow the Republic of Cuba to participate in the trade and economic integration focused 7th Summit of the Americas.Advantage 1: Relations1. U.S. Latin American relations are at a crossroads.Michael Shifter, President of Inter-American Dialogue, April 2012, "Remaking the Relationship: The United States and Latin America," IAD Policy Report, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf Simply addressing an unfinished agenda is not enough. Both the United States and Latin 2. Cuba’s absence blocks consensus at SOAVOA, Voice of America is a dynamic multimedia broadcaster funded by the USFG, 05-14-2012, "Cuba Issue Blocks Final Consensus Declaration at Americas Summit", http://www.voanews.com/content/us-under-pressure-to-let-cuba-join-americas-summit—147487825/179144.html Leaders from Latin America, the Caribbean, the United States and Canada have concluded 3. US opposition to Cuba’s participation in the SOA hurts American stature and hinders the US’s ability to engage in Latin America.NBC World News, NBC is a prestigious American News Organization, 05-15-2012, "Cuba issue deals blow to US stature at the ’Summit of the Americas’", http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/04/15/11212586-cuba-issue-deals-blow-to-us-stature-at-summit-of-the-americas?lite CARTAGENA, Colombia — Unprecedented Latin American opposition to U.S. sanctions on 4. Latin American relations, goodwill, solving anti-americanism and successful soft powerDavid A. Perez, J.D. Yale Law School, Spring 2010, "America’s Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department", Harvard Latino Law Review, 13 Harv. Latino L. Rev. 187 Anti-Americanism has become the political chant de jour for leaders seeking long- 5. Independently - Soft Power limits the size and frequency of conflicts around the world.Joseph S. Nye, Professor of International Relations at Harvard University, 1996, "Conflicts After the Cold War," Washington Quarterly, 19:1, Winter Leadership by the United States, as the world’s leading economy, its most powerful 6. Latin American relations are vital to the US. Needed to combat global problems like proliferation, climate change, and insure economic growth.Ernest Zedillo and Thomas Pickering, Commission Co-Chair for the Brookings Institute Report on the Partnership for the Americas and former President of Mexico, November 2008, "Rethinking U.S.–Latin American Relations A Hemispheric Partnership for a Turbulent World. Report of the Partnership for the Americas Commission", The Brookings Institution, http://www.brookings.edu/~~/media/Research/Files/Reports/2008/11/2420latin20america20partnership/1124_latin_america_partnership.PDF Historically, the United States and Latin America have rarely developed a genuine and sustained We Isolate 4 Impacts:A. Proliferation:1. Proliferation risks nuclear conflict—inexperienced nations will be more likely to use their nukesMichael Horowitz, Professor of Political Science at University of Pennsylvania, April 2009, "The Spread of Nuclear Weapons and International Conflict: Does Experience Matter?" Journal of Conflict Resolution, Volume 53 Number 2, April 2009 pg. 234-257 Learning as states gain experience with nuclear weapons is complicated. While to some extent B. Global Warming:1. Scientific consensus proves warming is anthropogenicJohn Cook, et al, Ph.D. in Physics from the University We analyze the evolution of the scientific consensus on anthropogenic global warming (AGW) 2. Warming is accelerating extinction – regional institutions key to preventing global warmingShu Pang, et al, junior undergraduate in the department of mathematics at Zhejiang University focusing in the model and variable selection of high- dimensional data and the statistical inference of the spatial data, journal of Clean Energy Technologies, Vol. 2, No. 1, January 2014, "Monitoring of the World’s Environmental Risk Based on MPCA." Global warming, air pollution, accelerating extinction of species, eutrophication and so many C. US Influence1. Loss of influence in Latin American undermines our overall primacyErikson 10 Senior Associate for US policy and Director of Caribbean programs, Inter-American Dialogue ~Daniel P. Erikson, The Obama Administration and Latin America: Towards a New Partnership?, Working Paper No. 46, April 2010, The Centre for International Governance Innovation~ The Globalization of Latin America¶ The United States has long been wary of foreign 2. That influence prevents global nuclear conflictsKagan 07 Senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace ~Robert Kagan (Senior transatlantic fellow at the German Marshall Fund), "End of Dreams, Return of History," Policy Review, August 26 September 2007, pg. http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/8552512.html~~ The jostling for status and influence among these ambitious nations and would-be nations D. Terrorism1. Anti-Americanism increases the risk of terrorism- extremists like al QaedaWalt 05 professor of international affairs at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government (Stephen M. Walt, October 2005, Taming American Power, http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/20031709) Disagreement with U.S. foreign policy does not mean the policy is wrong 2. Anti-Americanism fuels terrorism and sparks violenceLINDBERG and NOSSEL ’5- The Princeton Project: Lindberg = American political expert and a research fellow at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution. His research focuses on political theory, international relations, national security policy, and American politics. Nossel = executive director of PEN American Center. She served as Executive Director of Amnesty International USA (Tod Lindberg and Suzanne Nossel, REPORT OF THE WORKING GROUP ON ANTI-AMERICANISM CO-CHAIRS, http://www.princeton.edu/~~ppns/conferences/reports/fall/aa_exec.pdf The effects of anti-Americanism ¶ Several potential effects of anti-Americanism are Advantage 2: Democracy*Note: ALBA = Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America 1. ALBA countries refuse to participate in the next OAS without Cuba’s inclusionAljazzera, April 16, 2012, "Americas Summit ends in Acrimony," http://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2012/04/2012415202912826108.html Latin America leftist leaders had been insistent that the meeting would be the last regional 2. Absence of ALBA’s countries shatters the legitimacy of democracyBrookings Institute, July 2012, "The Road to Hemispheric Cooperation: Beyond the Cartagena Summit of the Americas," The Brookings Institute is a prestigious think-tank group based out of Washington, D.C. Looking ahead to the next summit, scheduled for 2015 in Panama, the 3. Cuba’s exclusion from SOA discourages democracyMitchell Shabani, PhD in Economics, George Mason University, 2012, "Cuba’s exclusion from the Summit of the Americas discourages democracy", http://www.policymic.com/articles/6231/cuba-s-exclusion-from-the-summit-of-the-americas-discourages-democracy In two weeks, the sixth Summit of the Americas, to be held in 4. Global democratic consolidation prevents many scenarios for war and extinctionDiamond 95 OTHER THREATS This hardly exhausts the lists of threats to our security and well- Solvency1. US engagement through SOA would ensure legitimacyCronin ’04 "Jason W. Cronin: "Soft Power and its Impact on U.S. Influence in Latin America", December 2004, pg 79, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California.) The United States must engage the OAS any and every time it needs to take action in Latin America. AND 2. Summit of Americas is the foundation of Latin American relationsU.S. State Department, 10/20/2013, "VI Summit of the Americas, Cartagena-Colombia 2012", http://www.state.gov/p/wha/rt/soa/ Since 1994, the 34 democratically elected Heads of State from throughout the Western Hemisphere 3. Summit of Americas key to foundation of trust with Latin AmericaRay Walser, Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and a Senior Policy Analyst for Latin America at the Heritage Foundation, April 4, 2012, "A new Agenda for American Leadership at the Sixth Summit of the Americas" Latin America and the Caribbean represent an immensely important trading partner and a huge market | 3/5/14 |
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