if you need anything-email me at clydeshepherd2@gmailcom
So I have adopted the following policy for posting cites I will only post cites for things that are relevant or that i think you will reasonably want cites for (this means i wont be posting something like the glenbrooks farm bill politics scenario ) but I will post something like a specific DACP This is because nobody wants to sort through all the useless stuff and I do not want to make cites for it
Emory
1
Opponent: Dallas Jesuit TW | Judge:
Neg vs Cuban Embargo 1NC Saudi Oil DA Ag DA Multilat CP property rights CP t-sanctions case turns 2NR Ag DA
Emory
4
Opponent: Bellaire BW | Judge:
Neg vs Cuba Microfinancing 1NC Property conditions CP Iran Sanctions DA T-ee T-subs pink tide DA 2NR T-subs Politics DA
Emory
6
Opponent: Niles North OW | Judge:
Neg vs Cuban Embargo 1NC Property Conditons w Iran property DA Multilat CP Saudi Oil DA case turns 2NR Multilat CP Iran DA
Emory
Doubles
Opponent: Centennial KK | Judge:
Neg vs Asian American Conscientization 1NC T-EE FW 2NR T-EE
Emory
Octas
Opponent: Pine Crest GJ | Judge:
Neg vs critical guantanamo 1NC T-EE FW State of Exception K CP-improve conditions but indefinitely detain w war on terror good case turns 2NR T-EE
Georgia State
3
Opponent: Hooch LS | Judge:
Neg vs Cuban Embargo 1NC Saudi Oil DA MultilatRFS CP T-vague Property conditions CP case turns 2NR Saudi Oil DA
Georgia State
5
Opponent: Westminster DH | Judge:
Neg vs Cuba Security Aff 1NC Property Conditions CP Saudi Oil DA Cuban Ag DA Heg Good K case turns 2NR Cuban Ag DA
Georgia State
Quarters
Opponent: Alpharetta RS | Judge:
Neg vs Cuban Embargo 1NC Multilat CP Property CP Saudi oil DA Cuban ag DA case turns 2NR Multilat CP Ag DA
Georgia State Championship
1
Opponent: Hooch AS | Judge:
Neg vs Cuban Embargo Multilat Sugar 1NC RFSMultilat CP Property Conditions CP Saudi Oil DA T-vague case turns sugar turn 2NR Advantage CP Saudi Oil DA
Glenbrooks
1
Opponent: Berkely Prep MS | Judge:
Neg vs Non Tourist Travel 1NC Ablism OFAC CP Property Conditions CP Farm BIll Politics T-must not be qpp 2NR OFAC CP Politics
Glenbrooks
Octas
Opponent: Westminster FS | Judge:
Neg vs Embargo 1NC Property Rights CP w Iran property DA Multilat Adv CP Cuban Ag DA some case turns 2NR Advantage CP Iran Property DA
Glenbrooks
Quarters
Opponent: Whitney Young DS | Judge:
Neg vs Maquilladoras 1NC FW US ban maquilladora imports China DA narratives bad 2NR FW
Glenbrooks
5
Opponent: Hooch AS | Judge:
Neg vs Embargo 1NC Property Rights CP Multilat Adv CP Cuba Econ DA Farm Bill Politics 2NR Cuba Econ DA
Glenbrooks
3
Opponent: St Vincent De Paul MY | Judge:
Neg vs CapResolution Bad Aff 1NC Nietzche Framework China DA Cap Good 2NR Cap good
Harvard
1
Opponent: Centennial KK | Judge:
Neg vs Asian American Conscientization 1NC FW 2NR FW
Harvard
3
Opponent: Sequoyah HL | Judge:
Neg vs Mexico Renewables 2NR Canada CP Iran Sanctions DA
Harvard
5
Opponent: Greenhill DJ | Judge:
NEg vs Mexico IPR 1NC Mexico Politics DA Iran Sanctions US Politics DA Advantage CP T-EE case turns 2NR Mexico Politics DA
Harvard
7
Opponent: Greenhill MR | Judge:
Neg Vs Mexico IPR 1NC Mexico Politics DA Advantage CP Disease K T-EE case turns 2NR Disease K
Harvard
Doubles
Opponent: Bronx Science DM | Judge:
Neg vs Decentralized Solar 1NC Privatization CP Iran Sanctions DA T-EE Grid DA 2NR Iran Sanctions DA
Hooch
5
Opponent: Milton FM | Judge:
Neg vs Mexico Currency Swap 2NR IMF CPPolitics
Hooch
Quarters
Opponent: Johns Creek DS | Judge:
Neg vs TBHA-Johns Creek DS 2NR Nieto Political Capital Trade off with Energy Reform DA
Hooch
4
Opponent: Houston County HP | Judge:
Neg Vs Cuban Oil Aff 2NR Whole embargo except oil CP- Russia Econ Oil Prices DA
Lex
3
Opponent: Edgemont JR | Judge:
Neg vs Cuban Academic Exchanges Marine BioD Oil Dep 1NC China Energy DA Property Conditions CP Energy K T-EE case turns 2NR Moral ob and china energy DA
Neg vs Guerilla Pluralism 1NC Pluralistic Epistemology bad K Visibility K FW Hegneolib good 2NR Hegneolib good
MBA
1
Opponent: Dexter MS | Judge:
Neg vs Cuban Embargo Soft Power Cuban Econ 1NC Property Conditions CP w Iran Property DA Ag DA Soft Power CP Case turns 2NR Gradualism DA as a case turn
MBA
3
Opponent: Berkely Prep DD | Judge:
Neg vs Cuba Tourism Reconciliation Critical Aff 1NC Property Conditions CP Ablism K Appeasement DA CIR Politics DA T-economic case turns 2NR T-economic
MBA
6
Opponent: Brophy MS | Judge:
Neg vs LA Pedagogy 1NC FW CP-US stop all engagement w LA China Econ DA Case turns 2NR FW
TOC
1
Opponent: Highland Park HS | Judge:
Neg vs Cuban Embargo 1NC Multilat Adv Cp Saudi Oil DA Pink tide DA Appeasement DA ICJ CP china da ag DA to link turn the ag adv 2NR Multilat CP Ag Da 2AR Condo
TOC
3
Opponent: Polytechnic HM | Judge:
New aff About civilization IV the video game and simulations and colonialism interrogations the resolution debate practices bad now (spreading focusing on impacts 10 second plan text etc) 1NC Topicality Ballot PIC 2NR Topicality
Umich
1
Opponent: Okemos GS | Judge:
Neg vs Mexico Grids 1NC Smart Grid CP Canada CP Politics DA T-economic 2NR T-economic
Umich
3
Opponent: Edina HP | Judge:
Neg vs NeolibResolution Bad Aff 1NC AndOr Pic Cuba PIC Framework China econ DA Impact Turns (neolibcap good) 2NR Impact Turns
Umich
6
Opponent: Whitney Young DS | Judge:
Neg vs Maquilladora K Aff 1NC Framework Nietzsche Cap bad K China econ DA 2NR Nietzsche
Umich RR
2
Opponent: Westminster FG | Judge:
Aff-Cuban Embargo Ag Multilat 2NR Multilat Advantage CP Cuban Ag DA
Umich RR
3
Opponent: Johns Creek XR | Judge:
Neg vs Cuban Embarg LA Rels China Influence Bad 2NR CIR w bioterror impact
Umich RR
7
Opponent: Groves OR | Judge:
Neg vs Critical Guantanamo 2NR Framework War on Terror Good
Wake Forest
2
Opponent: La Salle HG | Judge: Shane Stafford
Neg Vs Cuba Embargo- Human Rights Aff 2NR Syria Politics w Human Rights Impact Commie Creep DA as case defense
Wake Forest
5
Opponent: Niles North GB | Judge: Melanie Campbell
Neg Vs Mexican H2B Guest Workers Aff 2NR T-economic engagement
Wake Forest
3
Opponent: MBA BR | Judge: Amy Feinberg
Neg Vs Mexican Hydrocarbons 2NR China DA
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
Entry
Date
Cite Requests-Read this
Tournament: Cite Request | Round: 1 | Opponent: cite request | Judge: cite request if you need anything-please email me at clyde.shepherd.2@gmail.com
So I have adopted the following policy for posting cites, I will only post cites for things that are relevant for 2NR or that i think you will reasonably want cites for, (this means i wont be posting something like the glenbrooks farm bill politics scenario ) but I will post something like a specific DA/CP Usually I will post the neg block cards, but the 1nc shell will always be there for the argument, This is because nobody wants to sort through all the useless stuff and I do not want to make cites for it
12/3/13
Neg Vs Cuban Embargo Human Rights Aff-La Salle HG
Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 2 | Opponent: La Salle HG | Judge: Shane Stafford 1NC Commie Creep DA Reforms now because of economic pressure – it will end Cuban communism Sadowski, 11 – JD, Hofstra University School of Law, and Managing Editor of the Journal of International Business and Law (Richard, “Cuban Offshore Drilling: Preparation and Prevention within the Framework of the United States’ Embargo”, 12 Sustainable Dev. L. and Pol’y 37, lexis)KW RECENT ECONOMIC POLICY CHANGES I...commuted death sentences.86
Expanding economic engagement provides profits to the regime to finance the expansion of communism globally and strengthen Cuban alliances with rogue states Brookes, 9 - Senior Fellow, National Security Affairs at the Heritage Foundation (Peter, “Keep the Embargo, O” 4/16, http://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2009/04/keep-the-embargo-o) Of course, the big empanada is ...the leverage the embargo provides.
1NC Shunning Shunning human rights violators is necessary to uphold a moral order – protecting rights is an a-priori concern Beversluis, 89 (Eric H. April 1989. “On Shunning Undesirable Regimes: Ethics and Economic Sanctions.” Public Affairs Quarterly, April, vol. 3, no. 2) A fundamental task of morality is resolving ....ancient communities might have put it.
War weary US lawmakers earned a stunning ...political capital that he has to sell this.and#34;
Congressional opinion on the embargo is mixed—there’d be a fight Hanson, 13 http://www.cfr.org/cuba/us-cuba-relations/p11113U.S.-Cuba Relations¶ Authors: Stephanie Hanson, and Brianna Lee, Senior Production Editor¶ Updated: January 31, 2013JH Ending the economic embargo against Cuba ... falling victim to the politics of the issue,and#34; says Sweig.
After putting a decision to launch military ... support this action,and#34; he said.
Iranian adventurism sparks nuclear war Ben-Meir, 2/6/2007 (Alon – professor of international relations at the Center for Global Affairs, Ending iranian defiance, United Press International, p. lexis)
That Iran stands today able to challenge... consequences of not halting its nuclear program.
The gathering storm in the Middle East is ....leadership looks to with imperial exhilaration.
1NC: Cuba Neolib US fails to understand oppressive impacts of capitalism on Cuban society LaFeber, Marie Underhill Noll Professor Emeritus of History and a Stephen H. Weiss Presidential Fellow in the Department of History at Cornell University, one of the United Statesand#39; most distinguished historians 93 -- (Walter, “Inevitable Revolutions: The United States in Central America”, 1/17/93, http://books.google.com/books/about/Inevitable_Revolutions.html?id=RqMp5TsWCqkC)//AS
The need of Cubans and Central Americans.... simply the way of the real world?
Neoliberalism causes poverty, social exclusion, societal disintegration, violence and environmental destruction—threatens humanity De La Barra, Chilean political activist, international consultant and former UNICEF Latin America Public Policy Advisor 07-- (Ximena, “THE DUAL DEBT OF NEOLIBERALISM”, Imperialism, Neoliberalism and Social Struggles in Latin America”, 9/1/09, edited by Dello Bueno and Lara, Brill Online)AS The currently prevailing neoliberal development ... remained mostly excluded (UNICEF 2001).
Neoliberalism is creating its own downfall—movements gathering political steam against it—alt is to reject the neoliberal policies of the aff and allow it to fall Lafer, political economist and is an Associate Professor at the University of Oregonand#39;s Labor Education and Research Center 04 (Gordon, “Neoliberalism by other means: the “war on terror” at home and abroad”, New Political Science 26:3, 2004, Taylor and Francis)AS Finally, the “global justice” movement that came ... “left” from coming together were threatening to dissolve.
Cuba is modeled globally now Ergas, 13 – graduate student in sociology at the University of Oregon (Christina, Monthly Review, March, “Cuban Urban Agriculture as a Strategy for Food Sovereignty” http://monthlyreview.org/2013/03/01/cuban-urban-agriculture-as-a-strategy-for-food-sovereignty ¶ The agricultural revolution in Cuba has ....not just for their innovations, but for inspiration.
Lifting sanctions means agribusiness has a free hand to destroy Cuba’s ag model – maintaining sanctions are vital to resisting ag neoliberalism Gonzalez, 4 - Associate Professor, Seattle University School of Law (Carmen, “WHITHER GOES CUBA? PROSPECTS FOR ECONOMIC and SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PART II OF II: Trade Liberalization, Food Security, and the Environment: The Neoliberal Threat to Sustainable Rural Development” 14 Transnatand#39;l L. and Contemp. Probs. 419, lexis)
The greatest challenge to Cubaand#39;s unique agricultural experiment.... alternative strategies for sustainable rural development.
Urban model prevents the collapse of US agriculture and extinction Peters, 10 – LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)
An adequate food supply is essential for the survival of the human race. Historically, the U.S. food system has been one of abundance. However, ...to an adequate supply of fresh, nutritious food.
Withholding food is morally intolerable Peffer, 3 – Professor in Philosophy from UC San Diego, PhD from University of Arizona in Moral, Social and Political philosophy (Rodney, “WORLD HUNGER, MORAL THEORY, AND RADICAL RAWLSIANISM,” Special Issue: “Topics in International Moral Theory,” International Journal of Politics and Ethics, vol. 2, no. 4, 2003)HAL Hunger, starvation, malnutrition, ... is morally appalling - and intolerable.
9/29/13
Neg Vs Cuban Oil Aff-Houston County HP
Tournament: Hooch | Round: 4 | Opponent: Houston County HP | Judge: DA 2 Next off is china DA Cuba is strategically important for China – oil is key Hearn 09 – Senior Research Fellow at the University of Sydney. Kiriyama Research Fellow at the University of San Francisco Center for the Pacific Rim (Adrian, "China's relations with Mexico and Cuba: A Study of Contrasts" Pacific Rim Report No 52, January, usf.usfca.edu/pac_rim/new/research/pacrimreport/pacrimreport52.html)VP In terms of economic openness and political ideology Mexico and Cuba are at opposite ends AND and Cuba, and the steps taken by both governments to respond effectively.
China’s influence is zero-sum- lack of US influence is key Kreps, 13 – Assistant Professors of Government at Cornell University (Sarah E., “No Strings Attached? Evaluating China’s Trade Relations Abroad,” May 17, http://thediplomat.com/china-power/no-strings-attached-evaluating-chinas-trade-relations-abroad)//VP To be sure, China may not have a purposeful plan to bring their trade AND its trade and diplomatic agenda as an important means of projecting influence abroad.
Chinese influence in Latin America is a key to their soft power Castillo 9 –Anthony Castillo is a writer for the Diplomat, (“China in Latin America, June 18, 2009, http://thediplomat.com/2009/06/18/china-in-latin-america/?all=true)//sawyer China’s aim in Latin America these days differs dramatically from the 1960s, when the AND Chinatown’s leaders play a central role in making connections and building partnerships.’
Chinese soft power solves the aff comparatively better Zhang ‘12 Prof of Diplomacy and IR at the Geneva School of Diplomacy. “The Rise of China’s Political Softpower” 9/4/12 http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2012-09/04/content_26421330.htm As China plays an increasingly significant role in the world, its soft power must AND As the China model improves, it will continue to surprise the world.
Latin America is key to Chinese economic growth- Arnson et al. ‘9 (Cynthia Anderson, Mark Mohr, Riordan Roett, writers for Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, “Enter the Dragon? China’s Presence in Latin America”, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/EnterDragonFinal.pdf)//RJ To China, Latin America represents a signi?cant source of the necessary natural resources that AND the region. Thus, Latin America represents a substantial market for Chinese goods
China economic collapse causes WW3- hotspot for escalation Plate, 03 - Mr. Plate is a member of the Pacific Council on International Policy, the Century Association of New York and the Phi Beta Kappa Society (Tom Plate, “Why Not Invade China” Asia Pacific Media Networks, 6/30, http://asiamedia.ucla.edu/TomPlate2003/06302003.htm)//JS But imagine a China disintegrating -- on its own, without neo-con or AND con insanity is more of a danger to the Bush presidency than China.
T A. Interpretation – Removing sanctions is a form of appeasement Stern 6 (Martin, University of Maryland Graduate, Debunking detente, 11/27/06, http://www.diamondbackonline.com/article_56223e79-7009-56a3-8afe-5d08bfff6e08.html) Appeasement is defined as "granting concessions to potential enemies to maintain peace." Giving Iran international legitimacy and removing sanctions would have maintained peace with a potential enemy without changing the undemocratic practices of the enemy. If this isn't appeasement, I don't know how better to define the word.
Text: The United States Federal Government should -incentivize the development and use of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Technology in the United States by giving tax credits that make OTEC cheaper than oil. -not deploy troops to Cuba under any circumstances.
The CP solves their hotspots IL
The counterplan solves oil dependency and warming Galbraith, 09 (4/12/09, Kate, The New York Times, “Generating Energy from the Deep”, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/30/business/energy-environment/30thermal.html) LOCKHEED MARTIN is best known for building stealth fighters, satellites and other military equipment AND work at night, or wind turbines, which stop in calm conditions.
CP 2 Next off is embargo cp
The United States federal government should lift the entire embargo, but, the United states federal government should notpermit companies to provide services for the development of Cuban offshore oil in the North Cuba Basin.
The counterplan solvs relations, economy and credibility better than the aff Koenig, 10 – US Army Colonel, paper submitted for a Masters in Strategic Studies at the US Army War College (Lance, “Time for a New Cuba Policy” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA518130)
The option with the greatest possibility of success and reward for the United States is AND her onto a path that will benefit the nations of the Americas. ¶
DA 3 Next off is oil da
An increase in Cuban oil production would lower prices—2007 proves Garcia, 7 (Hugo Garcia, journalist for Juventud Rebelde, Juventud Rebeldge, 12/27/07, "Cuba Pumping Over 28 Million Barrels of Oil Annually", www.juventudrebelde.co.cu/cuba/2007-12-27/cuba-pumping-over-28-million-barrels-of-oil-annually/ kdh) Cárdenas.— Cuba’s volume of oil and natural gas production will reach four million tons AND , which virtually eliminates environmental contamination from associated gas released into the air.
Oil prices key to the Russian economy Schuman 12 (Michael, Asia and Economics Correspondent – TIME, B.A. in Asian History and Political Science – University of Pennsylvania, M.A. in International Affairs – Columbia University, “Why Vladimir Putin Needs Higher Oil Prices”, Time, 7-5, http://business.time.com/2012/07/05/why-vladimir-putin-needs-higher-oil-prices/, Deech)
But Vladimir Putin is not one of them. The economy that the Russian President AND , or his ability to use government resources to firm up his popularity.
In Russia, historically, economic health and political stability are intertwined to a degree AND the financial impact of the Global Economic Crisis is its least dangerous consequence.
12/3/13
Neg Vs Embargo-Westminer FG
Tournament: Umich RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Westminster FG | Judge: THe rest of the cites are in other parts, email me if youre confused
CP The United States federal government should: - close Guantanamo detention center and return the entire naval base to Cuba -sign the Kyoto Protocol -join the International Criminal Court -ratify International Human Rights treaties, including but not limited to, 1990 Convention on the Rights of the Child -ratify the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty -remove Cuba from the State Department’s list of State Sponsors of Terror.
6.3 How would the international community react? At international level all major AND it would be interpreted by the international community as steps towards effective multilateralism.
CTBT ratification is needed for mutlilat globally Joseph ‘9 (Jofi Joseph is a senior Democratic foreign policy staffer in the United States Senate, “Renew the Drive for CTBT Ratification”, April 2009, Washington Quarterly, http://www.twq.com/09april/docs/09apr_Joseph.pdf, CMR)
Senate ratification of the CTBT matters because it would be hailed as a renewed U AND and enrichment technology or automatic sanctions against states that violate their IAEA obligations.
10/31/13
Neg vs Guantanamo-Groves OR
Tournament: Umich RR | Round: 7 | Opponent: Groves OR | Judge: Other cites should be in other sections, email me
The United States federal government should close Guantanamo Bay detention center and return the entire naval base to Cuba.
That solves but doesn’t end the global war on terror Crowley 5-30-13 (Michael, senior correspondent for TIME. He previously covered domestic politics and foreign policy for The New Republic, and was also a reporter at the Boston Globe. He has also written for such publications as New York magazine, GQ, Slate, and the New York Times magazine. “Why Gitmo Will Never Close” http://swampland.time.com/2013/05/30/why-gitmo-will-never-close/, CS) But Obama will be hard-pressed to live up to his grand rhetoric. AND must finish the work of defeating al-Qaeda and its associated forces.”
10/31/13
Neg vs Mexico Currency Swap-Milton FM
Tournament: Hooch | Round: 5 | Opponent: Milton FM | Judge: PTX Debt ceiling will pass and the economy is improving but fights can derail it Koukoulas 9/24 2013 Stephen Koukoulas has a rare and specialised professional experience over more than 25 years as an economist in government, as Global Head of economic and market research, a Chief Economist for two major banks and as economic advisor to the Prime Minister. Stephen is currently Managing Director of Market Economics Pty Ltd, a firm he recently established in response to the growing need for independent and tailored macroeconomic analysis for business clients needing to convert economic data into financial market and policy risks. His work provides clients with unique insights into the macroeconomic policy debate. Tuesday, 24 September 2013 Koukoulas: growth turns towards the fast lane by Stephen Koukoulas There are, as always, some threats to the favourable outlook, with the AND there are many reasons to be upbeat about the economic outlook for 2014.
Political capital is key Langenkamp 13 Global political analyst at ECR Research and Interest and Currency Consultants Andy Langenkamp, Obama to Take Over Baton From Fed?, 7-12-13, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/andy-langenkamp/obama-to-take-over-baton-_b_3571885.html Risky fiscal fall¶ As the U.S. Fed is not planning to AND in Q4 and take decisive steps towards restoring the fiscal health of America.¶
Plan costs capital Snow and Gianakis 8 (Dr. Douglas and Dr. Gerasimos, both from Sawyer Business School at Suffolk University, THE IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT OF MUNICIPAL STABILIZATION FUNDS IN MASSACHUSETTS: A RESEARCH NOTE, p. 6-7) ¶ In October of 2006, we administered the survey to all 351 municipal finance AND of the more relevant responses to survey questions are summarized in the appendix.¶
Failure to pass the bill collapses the economy and causes a government shutdown Khimm 9/25 2013 U.S. has until Oct. 17 to raise debt limit–or risk default Suzy Khimm, @SuzyKhimm 3:00 PM on 09/25/2013 Unless Congress raises the country’s borrowing limit, the government will run out of cash AND without in some way making progress or solving debt ceiling,” says Bell.
T A. Interpretation - Engagement is the attempt to influence the political behavior of a state by increasing contacts with that state – economic engagement means using exclusively economic contacts like trade, loans and grants Resnik, 1 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University (Evan, Journal of International Affairs, “Defining Engagement” v54, n2, political science complete)
A REFINED DEFINITION OF ENGAGEMENT In order to establish a more effective framework for dealing AND be shown below, permits the elucidation of multiple types of positive sanctions.
K Latin America has institutionalized gendered relations- that ensures serial policy failure and violence Surviving Baenglish 12. . N.p., Web. 28 July 2013, review of The Chronicles of a Death Foretold: Gabriel Garcia Marquezhttp://survivingbaenglish.wordpress.com/violence-in-marquezs-chronicles/. The representation and characterization of women in Marquez’s“Chronicles of a Death Foretold” AND also reveals the diversity of women’s subversions and resistances to this oppressive subjugation. Patriarchy in Latin America is unique in its assertion as it works in a society where indigenous cultural practices have been rooted in a celebration of and openness about sexuality. This stood in direct opposition to the orthodox Catholic ideals of chastity and purity that penetrated into the local tradition during colonization under a patriarchal state apparatus. Patriarchy also worked closely through intersecting oppressions of class and race with the advent of Spanish and Portuguese claiming the “New World” from these early indigenous societies1. Through the character of Angela Vicario, Marquez presents to us these various dynamics at work in assertion of patriarchy and exploitation of women; the complex links between gender, class and violence; and the trajectories of resistance that women adopt to build an independent space for themselves under such an oppressive system. Angela’s situation raises questions of class exploitation and the position of women under the Christian value system. For Bayado, it is merely a matter of ‘conquest’ of the woman he chooses. Angela Vicario becomes the passive object of her sexual desire. His class position and wealth allowed him this privilege. Bayado becomes representative of the foreign imperialist presence in Latin America. It is made clear in the novel that Angela from the very beginning did not feel any attraction towards Bayado San Roman (It was Angela Vicario who did not want to marry him.”He seemed too much of a man for me” she told me). She did not appreciate his performative public avowal to show his interest in her and the manner in which he never really courted her or engaged with her feelings, but “bewitched the family with his charm”. Marquez thus critiques this system of exploitation that leaves no space for women to assert or even voice her own choice or opinion. He shows how such a situation is made worse under family pressure mediated through the power exerted by a prospective proposal of social mobility. Angela’s parents ‘decisive’ argument claimed that “a family dignified by modest means had no right to disdain that prize of destiny”. When Angela only ‘dares’ to hint at “the inconvenience of the lack of love”, her mother“demolishes it with a single phrase — Love can be learned.” Women are hence conditioned and taught to inform their feelings and emotions and as well as their sexuality in accordance with the unequal standards of an orthodox patriarchal society. The novel shows us how the Vicario sisters were provided rigorous training on mastering their domestic role as prospective wives – “The girls had been reared to get married” or Purisima del Carmen’s claim “Any man will be happy with them because they have been raised to suffer”. As argued by Elizabeth Dore in “Hidden Histories of the Gender and the State in Latin America”, historically, the patriarchal character of colonial society in Latin America was codified in a succession of royal proclamations that granted male members of a family legal authority in their households and established a regulatory framework that restricted and ‘protected’ women. There was a naturalization of patriarchal law. Men’s privileges and obligations were regarded as natural law. State order in the colonial era resided on the fact that a well-ordered society was premised on well-ruled families. Such families were governed by patriarchs who demanded obedience, provided maintenance and guaranteed ‘protection’ of female ‘honour’2. This patriarchal authority was reinforced by internalization of such value systems by women like Purisima del Carmel who become active agents for perpetuating patriarchal norms. Colonial officers drew on legal and cultural norms of patriarchal authority to lend legitimacy to the authority of the state. Marquez in ‘Chronicles of a Death Foretold’ thus deconstructs and challenges the question of ‘honour’ associated with women’s sexuality and the surveillance and regulation that it entails. He exposes how these value systems of preservation of women’s chastity and honour are part of a larger system for exploitation of the masses and perpetration of violence. The protection of a woman’s honour promotes an excess of male aggressiveness and machismo. Patriarchy thus sanctions senseless violence of which both men and women become victims. The state in its proclaimed role of the patriarch also thereby seeks legitimacy for its violence. Patriarchal violence in Latin America, Elizabeth Dore argues is thus part of a larger system and discourse where states through ‘utilizing coercion and constructing consent’ endeavour to create ‘a political culture that naturalizes one form of social domination’3. In the novella, gender and violence thus converge for the murder of Santiago Nasser. The unquestioning acceptance of the murder and the collective unwillingness to avert its course raises larger questions on the imperviousness born out of the everyday experience of violence perpetrated by state apparatuses in Latin America on its people under both its colonial and post-colonial histories. Marquez is sympathetic to this subjugation of women and it is through women that he offers a critique of this system. While the whole town assembles at the dock awaiting the arrival of the Bishop, Santiago’s mother, Placido Linero refuses to do so. She comments, “He won’t even get of the boat. He will give an obligatory blessing, as always and go back the way he came. He hates this town.” The Bishop is representative of the power of the Church in collusion with the Spanish colonial state and Placido Linero’s comment is an exposition of the hypocrisy of such religious institutions and her refusal to join the people in their extravagant celebration is significant of her critical stance. Even Flora Miguel, Santiago’s fiancé, was not present at the scene. It can be seen as her resistance to the institution whose enmeshed system of values has led to her oppression and condemns her to ‘humiliation’. When General Patronio San Roman arrived at the town, it was only the narrator’s mother who refused to meet him and saw through the contradiction of a community that bowed down to its very perpetrators. General Roman was a ‘hero’ of the civil wars, a representative of the autocratic Conservative regime. She refused to shake hands with “the man who gave the orders for Gerineldo Marquez to be shot in the back”. By creating an enigma around the narrator’s mother and her pagan beliefs through magic realism, Marquez provides an opposition to the rationalist approaches of Western Euro Centric discourse and makes a political statement regarding the fact that the Latin American experience of plunder and violence cannot be described in unequivocal terms. Her character is part of Marquez’s larger vision for articulating the continent’s response to the west to urge the west to recast and reformulate its understanding of the ‘other’. The ‘extraordinary’ is an ordinary part of people’s everyday experience, embedded in the social and historical formation of Latin America – it is a mode of existence.
Ignorance of gender makes their methodology suspect – error replication is inevitable. The alternative is to investigate how reality is constituted so we can develop a basis for action and avoid error replication Peterson and Runyan 99 professor of political science at the University of Arizona and professor of women’s studies at Wright State University, 1999 (V. Spike and Anne, Global Gender Issues, 2nd edition, p. 1-3) Whenever we study a topic, we do so through a lens that necessarily focuses AND drivers know, outdated maps are inadequate, and potentially disastrous, guides.
CP
Text: The International Monetary Fund should fine tune their current flexible lending approach and develop a set of overarching principles and detailed procedural guidelines on IMF-RFA cooperation as per our Lamberte and Morgan evidence
CP solves Mexican swap lines with an entire “safety net” policy—the plan alone doesn’t resolve the stigma involved with being a “first mover” when drawing from the current lines Lamberte and Morgan 12 (Mario, director in the Research Department of the Asian Development Bank Institute, Peter J., senior consultant for research, Research Department, Asian Development Bank Institute, "Regional and Global Monetary Cooperation" February 2012, www.adbi.org/files/2012.02.21.wp346.regional.global.monetary.cooperation.pdf) The recent experiences of regional and global lending programs have sparked debate on a ¶ AND that a “systemic event” ¶ had taken place (IMF 2010b).¶
9/29/13
Neg vs Mexico H2B Guest Workers Aff-Niles North GB
Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 5 | Opponent: Niles North GB | Judge: Melanie Campbell 1NC
War weary US lawmakers earned a stunning ... political capital that he has to sell this.and#34;
Plan costs capital RODRIGUEZ 10 Professor of Law, NYU School of Law, Henry E. Stimson Visiting Professor of Law, Harvard Law School Cristina M. Rodriguez, ARTICLE: FORTIETH ANNUAL ADMINISTRATIVE LAW ISSUE: IMMIGRATION LAW AND ADJUDICATION: CONSTRAINT THROUGH DELEGATION: THE CASE OF EXECUTIVE CONTROL OVER IMMIGRATION POLICY, Duke Law Journal, 59 Duke L.J. 1787, May 2010
A. The Decisionmakers Congress, the president, ... and not conducive to the formation of consensus.
Obama’s pushing – strikes are key to Obama’s credibility in the Middle East – the impact is Iranian adventurism and instability? Mason and Cowan 9-2 (Jeff and Richard, “Analysis: Obama lobbies personally for Syria vote,” Reuters, 9-2, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/02/us-syria-crisis-obama-analysis-idUSBRE9810PJ20130902) After putting a decision to launch military ... support this action,and#34; he said.
Iranian adventurism sparks nuclear war?Ben- Meir, 2/6/2007 (Alon – professor of international relations at the Center for Global Affairs, Ending iranian defiance, United Press International, p. lexis) That Iran stands today able to challenge... consequences of not halting its nuclear program.
Only active U.S. policies prevents instability and nuclear war.?London, 6/23/2010 (Herbert – President Emeritus of Hudson Institute and Professor Emeritus of New York University, The Coming Crisis in the Middle East, Family Security Matters, p. http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_detailsandid=7101andpubType=HI_Opeds) The gathering storm in the Middle East is ....leadership looks to with imperial exhilaration.
FEM IR IR is gendered focus on masculine hegemony makes violence inevitable Steans 98 Senior Lecturer in International Relations Theory, Director of the Graduate School for the University of Birmingham, 1998 (Jill, Gender and International Relations, An Introduction, page 108-109) Critical approaches to International Relations...construct and by which they come to understand their lives.24
That causes serial policy failure. The alternative is to investigate how reality is constructed Peterson and Runyan 99 professor of political science at the University of Arizona and professor of women’s studies at Wright State University, 1999 (V. Spike and Anne, Global Gender Issues, 2nd edition, p. 1-3) Whenever we study a topic, we do so ... and potentially disastrous, guides.
T-economic A. Interpretation - Engagement is the attempt to influence the political behavior of a state by increasing contacts with that state – economic engagement means using exclusively economic contacts like trade, loans and grants Resnik, 1 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University (Evan, Journal of International Affairs, “Defining Engagement” v54, n2, political science complete)
A REFINED DEFINITION OF ENGAGEMENT... of multiple types of positive sanctions.
CP
CP TEXT: The Attorney General of the United States should grant a waiver of ineligibility that persons who meets the criteria for a H2B visa from Mexico do not count towards the cap on visas for that area. The Attorney General should make an international announcement that the waiver will be offered to all applicants and mandate that it is advertised to all relevant applicants.
Waiver of Ineligibility Aliens who are ineligible for a ...nonimmigrant under section 101(a)(15)(S).
AND – that’s binding – the authority is absolute and delegated ALMONTE 04 Articles Editor, Rutgers Law Review; J.D. Candidate Rutgers University School of Law-Newark Jose R. Almonte, For the Sake of National Security: The Scope of the United States Attorney Generaland#39;s Authority in Light of 8 C.F.R. 236.6, Rutgers Law Review, Spring, 2004, 56 Rutgers L. Rev. 817
It is often said that Congress has ... him by the Attorney General.and#34; n56
The plan links to politics – the counterplan doesn’t COX* and RODRIGUEZ 09 *Assistant Professor of Law, University of Chicago Law School and Professor of Law, New York University School of Law Adam B. Cox, Cristina M. Rodríguez,.THE PRESIDENT AND IMMIGRATION LAW. March 2, 2009. New York University School of Law New York University Public Law and Legal. Theory Working Papers. Yale Law Journal, v. 119
We ultimately do not intend to suggest... may make good policy sense.197
9/29/13
Neg vs Mexico HydroCarbons-MBA BR
Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 3 | Opponent: MBA BR | Judge: Amy Feinberg Politics
War weary US lawmakers earned a .... political capital that he has to sell this.and#34;
Renewable incentives drain capital – Obama must push through political minefield and congressional resistance Howell 12 Katie Howell and Hannah Northey, EandE reporters, Environment and Energy Daily, 2/13/12, lexis With fresh clout, White House... hearing with Energy Secretary Steven Chu.
Obama’s pushing – strikes are key to Obama’s credibility in the Middle East – the impact is Iranian adventurism and instability?Mason and Cowan 9-2 (Jeff and Richard, “Analysis: Obama lobbies personally for Syria vote,” Reuters, 9-2, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/02/us-syria-crisis-obama-analysis-idUSBRE9810PJ20130902) After putting a decision to launch military ... support this action,and#34; he said.
Iranian adventurism sparks nuclear war? Ben-Meir, 2/6/2007 (Alon – professor of international relations at the Center for Global Affairs, Ending iranian defiance, United Press International, p. lexis) That Iran stands today able to challenge... consequences of not halting its nuclear program.
Only active U.S. policies prevents instability and nuclear war. ?London, 6/23/2010 (Herbert – President Emeritus of Hudson Institute and Professor Emeritus of New York University, The Coming Crisis in the Middle East, Family Security Matters, p. http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_detailsandid=7101andpubType=HI_Opeds) The gathering storm in the Middle East is ....leadership looks to with imperial exhilaration.
Lack of US influence is key to China’s expansion in latin america Shaiken et al ‘13 Harley. Prof in the Center for Latin American Studies at UC-Berkeley. And Enrique Peters – Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Miami. And Adrian Hearn – Centro de Estudios China-Mexixo at Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. China and the New Triangular Relationships in the Americas: China and the Future of US-Mexico Relations, 2013. Pg 88-9 The dominant strategies of ... between these two countries.
Chinese influence in Latin America is a key to their soft power Castillo 9 –Anthony Castillo is a writer for the Diplomat, (“China in Latin America, June 18, 2009, http://thediplomat.com/2009/06/18/china-in-latin-america/?all=true)//sawyer China’s aim in Latin America ... making connections and building partnerships.’
Chinese soft power sovles the aff comparatively better Zhang ‘12 Prof of Diplomacy and IR at the Geneva School of Diplomacy. “The Rise of China’s Political Softpower” 9/4/12 http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2012-09/04/content_26421330.htm As China plays an increasingly significant role ... continue to surprise the world.
Latin America is key to Chinese economic growth- Arnson et al. ‘9 (Cynthia Anderson, Mark Mohr, Riordan Roett, writers for Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, “Enter the Dragon? China’s Presence in Latin America”, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/EnterDragonFinal.pdf)//RJ To China, Latin America represents a ....substantial market for Chinese goods
China economic collapse causes WW3- hotspot for escalation Plate, 03 - Mr. Plate is a member of the Pacific Council on International Policy, the Century Association of New York and the Phi Beta Kappa Society (Tom Plate, “Why Not Invade China” Asia Pacific Media Networks, 6/30, http://asiamedia.ucla.edu/TomPlate2003/06302003.htm)//JS But imagine a China disintegrating....danger to the Bush presidency than China.
Neolib US economic involvement in Mexico is profit-driven and hurts the Mexican people and economy Cooney, environmental and economic research at the Center for the Biology of Natural Systems, Queens College, City University of New York, 01 (Paul, “The Mexican Crisis and the Maquiladora Boom A Paradox of Development or the Logic of Neoliberalism?”, Latin American Perspectives 28:55, 2001, Sage Publications)AS Supporters of the maquiladora ...in the northern border region (see Pena, 1997)
Neoliberalism causes poverty, social exclusion, societal disintegration, violence and environmental destruction—threatens humanity De La Barra, Chilean political activist, international consultant and former UNICEF Latin America Public Policy Advisor 07-- (Ximena, “THE DUAL DEBT OF NEOLIBERALISM”, Imperialism, Neoliberalism and Social Struggles in Latin America”, 9/1/09, edited by Dello Bueno and Lara, Brill Online)AS The currently prevailing neoliberal ...have remained mostly excluded (UNICEF 2001).
Neoliberalism is creating its own downfall—movements gathering political steam against it—alt is to reject the neoliberal policies of the aff and allow it to fall Lafer, political economist and is an Associate Professor at the University of Oregonand#39;s Labor Education and Research Center 04 (Gordon, “Neoliberalism by other means: the “war on terror” at home and abroad”, New Political Science 26:3, 2004, Taylor and Francis)AS Finally, the “global justice” movement ... were threatening to dissolve.
1NC – Long Term Linkage/Trade A. Interpretation - Economic engagement is long-term strategy for promoting structural linkage between two economies Mastanduno, 1 – professor of Government at Dartmouth College (Michael, “Economic Engagement Strategies: Theory and Practice” http://web.archive.org/web/20120906033646/http://polisci.osu.edu/faculty/bpollins/book/Mastanduno.pdf The basic causal logic of economic engagement, a... to foreign policy accommodation.
B. Violation – the plan is an economic inducement since it only focuses on one short-term infrastructure policy – engagement requires trade promotion Celik, 11 – master’s student at Uppsala University (Department of Peace and Conflict Research) (Arda, Economic Sanctions and Engagement Policies http://www.grin.com/en/e-book/175204/economic-sanctions-and-engagement-policies) Literature of liberal school points... transformation potential.(Kroll,1993)
11/4/13
Neg vs TBHA-Johns Creek DS
Tournament: Hooch | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Johns Creek DS | Judge: T-Economic A. Interpretation - Economic engagement is long-term strategy for promoting structural linkage between two economies Mastanduno, 1 – professor of Government at Dartmouth College (Michael, “Economic Engagement Strategies: Theory and Practice” http://web.archive.org/web/20120906033646/http://polisci.osu.edu/faculty/bpollins/book/Mastanduno.pdf The basic causal logic of economic engagement, and the emphasis on domestic politics, AND chain runs from economic interdependence through domestic political change to foreign policy accommodation.
China CP Text: the People’s Republic of China should establish a long-term contract with Mexico that includes drilling for oil, tech-sharing initiatives for the safe drilling of oil, and the sales of oil from PEMEX to China’s national oil companies.
China can support the Mexican energy industry Esenaro 13 Alberto, corporate lawyer in Mexico, expertise in high-profile corporate law with practice strong focus on foreign investment, energy, "MEXICO AND CHINA: AN EXPANDING ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP" Before You Do Business -- May 1 -- beforeyoudobusiness.com/archives/787 While Mexico’s economy has been growing steadily since the implementation of NAFTA and various other AND “We have much to learn from its successful history in railway infrastructure.”
US Politics Debt ceiling will pass and the economy is improving but fights can derail it Koukoulas 9/24 2013 Stephen Koukoulas has a rare and specialised professional experience over more than 25 years as an economist in government, as Global Head of economic and market research, a Chief Economist for two major banks and as economic advisor to the Prime Minister. Stephen is currently Managing Director of Market Economics Pty Ltd, a firm he recently established in response to the growing need for independent and tailored macroeconomic analysis for business clients needing to convert economic data into financial market and policy risks. His work provides clients with unique insights into the macroeconomic policy debate. Tuesday, 24 September 2013 Koukoulas: growth turns towards the fast lane by Stephen Koukoulas There are, as always, some threats to the favourable outlook, with the AND there are many reasons to be upbeat about the economic outlook for 2014.
Political capital is key Langenkamp 13 Global political analyst at ECR Research and Interest and Currency Consultants Andy Langenkamp, Obama to Take Over Baton From Fed?, 7-12-13, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/andy-langenkamp/obama-to-take-over-baton-_b_3571885.html Risky fiscal fall As the U.S. Fed is not planning to boost the asset markets AND in Q4 and take decisive steps towards restoring the fiscal health of America.
Failure to pass the bill collapses the economy and causes a government shutdown Khimm 9/25 2013 U.S. has until Oct. 17 to raise debt limit–or risk default Suzy Khimm, @SuzyKhimm 3:00 PM on 09/25/2013 Unless Congress raises the country’s borrowing limit, the government will run out of cash AND without in some way making progress or solving debt ceiling,” says Bell.¶
Mexico Politics
Nieto’s energy reform will pass now- political capital key Hernandez 13 Maria Jose, analyst in Eurasia Group's Latin America practice, holds a master's degree in public administration and economic policy analysis from the School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) at Columbia University, “Politics and Oil: Mexico's Road to Reform,” 2013, http://eurasia.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/06/20/politics_and_oil_mexicos_road_to_reform Is Mexico finally on the verge of a historic reform push? Expectations are on AND , but the next few months will test the new president's political skills.
Nieto’s energy reforms likely to succeed now, but US intervention derails coalition support BLOOMBERG 8/12/13 (Mexico’s Latest Energy Revolution, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-12/mexico-s-latest-energy-revolution.html) ¶ Mexico is on the brink of a quiet energy revolution. President Enrique Pena AND along the dividing line between the two countries in the Gulf of Mexico.
Turns the Case-Reform is critical to the Mexican and global economies – investment Siskind, 6/25/13 Cory, Research analyst for Control Risk; “Mexico Plays the Waiting Game on Big Reform,” Huffington Post, June 25, 2013; http://www.huffingtonpost.com/cory-siskind/mexico-plays-the-waiting-_b_3493542.html Early 2013 saw one of the most productive one hundred days in Mexican political history AND the lowest rates of domestic credit to the private sector in the Americas.
9/29/13
Neg-Cuba Travel Aff-Berkely Prep DD
Tournament: MBA | Round: 3 | Opponent: Berkely Prep DD | Judge: Cites are in other headers
1/5/14
Neg-Embargo-Hooch AS
Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 5 | Opponent: Hooch AS | Judge: I went for gradualism ("cuba econ") DA, and read a few sugar turns, those are at the bottom, all the gradualism DA stuff is at the bottom
Cuban Econ DA Gradual transition now- “soft landing”-~--solves the Aff Piccone, 10/3 – Acting Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institute (Ted, “Cuba’s Stroll Toward Change: A View from the Streets”, Brookings Institute, 10/3/13, http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2013/10/03-cuba-trip-piccone)//SJF
We are witnessing today the unfolding of a transitional hybrid economy that has one foot AND reconciliation – both within the island and across the Florida Straits – begin.¶
Still, in a country where Cubans “resolve” their way around government restrictions AND the 1950s. “There is a lot of work to be done.”
Rapid transition causes instability and war—turns every part of the aff Gorrell, 5 - Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted for the USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT (Tim, “CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074)
Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, Cuba’s AND in an effort to facilitate a manageable transition to post-Castro Cuba?
Some countries can drive other countries crazy. When people have this effect on one AND , the powerful interest groups that blinded him to the lessons of experience.
2NC BioT Impact Cuban instability leads to bio-attacks on the U.S. Mastrapa, 99 – Department of Government and Politics, St. John's University (Armando F. III, "Evolution, Transition And The Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces", ASCE Cuba, 1999, www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume9/pdfs/mastrapa.pdf) EK
However, the FAR may utilize biological warfare as an offensive capability and deterrent. AND a serious risk if faced with an external challenge to its governing elites.
Bioweapons cause extinction – outweighs nuclear war Sanberg et al., 8 – James Martin Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University; Jason G. Matheny: Ph.D. candidate in Health Policy and Management at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and special consultant to the Center Biosecurity at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Milan M. ?irkovi?: senior research associate at the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade and assistant professor of physics at the University of Novi Sad in Serbia (Anders, “How can we reduce the risk of human extinction?”, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 9/8/08, http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction
The risks from anthropogenic hazards appear at present larger than those from natural ones. AND may increase as biotechnologies continue to improve at a rate rivaling Moore's Law.
2NC Reforms Results in Embargo Lifting
US-Cuba relations improving now-relations will be normalized Adams 11-17-13 (David, “Analysis: New climate of pragmatism prevails in U.S.-Cuba relations” http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/17/us-usa-cuba-relations-analysis-idUSBRE9AG06D20131117, CS) U.S. relations with Cuba have undergone a surprise warming in recent months AND This time after 15 minutes of required rhetoric they decided to move forward."
Cuban economy high-reforms now and key to stability-new currency proves Bowie 11-1-13 (Nile Bowie is a political analyst“Isolated and discredited: Intransigent US policy impedes Cuba’s reforms” http://rt.com/op-edge/us-cuba-economic-benefits-089/, CS) Another significant development is the announcement of an ambitious currency reform that would unify Cuba’s AND between Cuban-Americans in south Florida and their families in Havana.
Under Raul Castro, the Cuban government has continued to undertake a number of important AND military leaders who will determine the pace and scope of the reform process.
2NC Link debate . Gradual reform key to prevent collapse Feinberg 11 - professor of international political economy at UC San Dieg, nonresident senior fellow with the Latin America Initiative at Brookings (Richard E., “Reaching Out: Cuba’s New Economy and the International Response”, November, Brookings, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2011/11/1820cuba20feinberg/1118_cuba_feinberg.pdf)//ID Gradualism: Gradualism in economic reform—as opposed to an Eastern European-style AND policy paralysis or a smoke-screen for maintenance of the status quo.
Rapid change risks Cuban civil war-triggers US intervention Feinberg 11 - professor of international political economy at UC San Dieg, nonresident senior fellow with the Latin America Initiative at Brookings (Richard E., “Reaching Out: Cuba’s New Economy and the International Response”, November, Brookings, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2011/11/1820cuba20feinberg/1118_cuba_feinberg.pdf)//ID Some in the United States have long supported severe sanctions intended to starve the Cuban AND to quell a bloody civil war and halt a mass exodus of refugees.
2. The embargo scape goat is key to stability Koenig, 10 – US Army Colonel, paper submitted for a Masters in Strategic Studies at the US Army War College (Lance, “Time for a New Cuba Policy” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA518130)
The United States needs to take the initiative away from the Castro regime, and AND the Cuban economy sputters and the government realizes they don’t have a scapegoat.
SUGAR TURNS*
1NC Warming Link Turn
Link turn-Brazilian sugar ethanol reduces warming- Betts 11– Head of the Climate Impacts strategic area at the Met Office Hadley Centre (Richard A., April 17, 2011, “Direct impacts on local climate of sugarcane expansion in Brazil”, http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v1/n2/full/nclimate1067.html)//NG
The climate impact of biofuels is usually considered in terms of their net effect on AND it resulted in additional deforestation — through both carbon emissions and reduced evapotranspiration.
1NC Brazilian Growth Impact Turn
Sugar agriculture is key to Brazilian Economy Waring 13(David Waring, Writer at ForexNews, 3/14/13, http://www.forexnews.com/blog/2013/03/14/brazilian-economy/) Agriculture represents 5.5 of the brazilian economy and employs 15 of AND . There is continued pressure on Brazil to increase its arable land stocks.
Brazil econ key to their soft power Bodman et al., 11 (Samuel W., former United States Secretary of Energy, former Deputy Secretary of the U.S. Treasury Department, James D. Wolfensohn, ninth president of the World Bank Group, Julia E. Sweig, Nelson and David Rockefeller Senior Fellow for Latin America Studies and Director for Latin America Studies, Council on Foreign Relations, “Global Brazil and U.S.-Brazil Relations,” Council on Foreign Relations, Independent Task Force Report No. 66, http://www.cfr.org/brazil/global-brazil-us-brazil-relations/p25407) Brazil’s economic growth fuels its domestic achievements and much¶ of its international agenda. AND and diplomatic power that it exercises across¶ most regions of the world.
Brazil regional power key to a laundry list of extinction impacts Cervo, 10 – a historian Brazilian author of several books, focusing mainly on the country's foreign policy, It PhD in History by University of Strasbour (Amando Luiz, “Brazil's rise on the international scene: Brazil and the World,” vol.53 no.spe Brasília Dec. 2010, http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0034-73292010000300002andscript=sci_arttext)//HAL Global governance Brazil is a firm believer in multilateralism. A rules-based international AND countries of different regions, committed to a world free of nuclear weapons.
Ag biotech prevents extinction Trewavas, 2k – Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology at the University of Edinburgh?(Anthony, “GM Is the Best Option We Have,” 6/5/2000, www.agbioworld.org/biotech-info/articles/biotech-art/best_option.html) In 535A.D. a volcano near the present Krakatoa exploded with the force AND principle in recent years; my version of it is "be prepared".
12/3/13
Neg-Embargo-Johns Creek XR
Tournament: Umich RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: Johns Creek XR | Judge: The rest of cites are in other documents
Property CP
The United States federal government should offer to substantially increase its economic engagement towards Cuba, if and only if, Cuba agrees to negotiate a bilateral investment treaty to address expropriation claims of United States nationals. Conditioning the plan on a BIT to resolve property issues allows the U.S. to save face internationally while encouraging investment in Cuba – Vietnam empirically proves solvency MOWRY ’99 (David; article was written while David was a J.D. Candidate at Brooklyn Law School. He is currently Senior Counsel for the Xerox Corporation and in the past has been a Senior Associate for Nixon Peabody and Associate for Coudert Brothers, “Lifting the Embargo Against Cuba Using Vietnam as a Model: A Policy Paper for Modernity,” 25 Brooklyn J. Int’l L. 229, l/n) ww
Although an entire world separates Vietnam and Cuba, there are interesting parallels and distinctions AND be realized and the Western Hemisphere could eventually be without a Communist economy.¶ Respect for property rights is a moral imperative – the CP is a prior issue STONE ’79 (Richard; U.S. Senator (FL), “Outstanding Claims Against Cuba,” 9/25, http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/us-cuba/claims-hearings.htm)
Mr. Chairman, I appreciate the opportunity to be able to testify before your AND be settled as a central prior issue to substantive discussions. Thank you.
10/31/13
Neg-Embargo-Westminster FS
Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: Octas | Opponent: Westminster FS | Judge: I went for the same multilat adv advantage CP from our neg round vs westminster FG at umich RR (look under that header for cites to that) and iran property DA below, here are the 2nc cards for the multilat adv CP, and the property CP
Conditions CP 1NC The United States federal government shall normalize trade relations with Cuba, if and only if Cuba agrees to negotiate a bilateral investment treaty to address expropriation claims of United States nationals.
Conditioning the plan on a BIT to resolve property issues allows the U.S. to save face internationally while encouraging investment in Cuba – Vietnam empirically proves solvency MOWRY ’99 (David; article was written while David was a J.D. Candidate at Brooklyn Law School. He is currently Senior Counsel for the Xerox Corporation and in the past has been a Senior Associate for Nixon Peabody and Associate for Coudert Brothers, “Lifting the Embargo Against Cuba Using Vietnam as a Model: A Policy Paper for Modernity,” 25 Brooklyn J. Int’l L. 229, l/n) ww Although an entire world separates Vietnam and Cuba, there are interesting parallels and distinctions AND be realized and the Western Hemisphere could eventually be without a Communist economy.
Iran and the U.S. cooperating now on property issues, but incentives are key MOSK 11/19 (Richard M.; one of the original justices on the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal and current justice on the California Court of Appeal, “It’s Possible to Work With Iran,” Los Angeles Times, 2013) ww
Since the Nov. 4, 1979, takeover of the U.S. AND The leverage of economic sanctions and the threat of force fulfill this function.
Plan sets a precedent that encourages other countries to avoid compensation WALLACE ’95 (David W.; Chairman – Joint Committee on Cuban Claims on S. 381, the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act of 1995--Submitted to the Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere and Peace Corps Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate, 6/14, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-1995-10-11/html/CREC-1995-10-11-pt1-PgS15005.htm) It is our position that lifting the embargo prior to resolution of the claims issue AND to the Department's ability ultimately to effect a just resolution of this issue.
Success of the tribunal key to U.S.-Iran relations CHRISTOPHER and MOSK ‘7 (Warren; Former Secretary of State, and Richard M.; former judge on the claims tribunal, “The Iranian Hostage Crisis and the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal: Implications for International Dispute Resolution and Diplomacy,” Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal, v. 7 i. 2) ww
International arbitration involving governments, even under the best of circumstances, has had mixed AND States and Iran have had overt relations and maintained a place for contact.
U.S.-Iran Relations Key to Middle East and Central Asian Stability-turns their Bosco impact AMIRAHMADI ‘4 (Hooshang; author of several books on Iran and Professor of Urban Planning – Rutgers University, “The Iranian Parliamentary Elections and US-Iran relations,” AIC Insight, no. 1, March, http://www.payvand.com/news/04/apr/1188.html) ww
The American national interest would also be well served by the normalization of relations with AND stability and sustainable independence of the states in the Central Asia and Caucasus.
MULTILAT ADVANTAGE CP
2NC Gitmo Key(Must Read)
Closing GITMO is KEY to relations and multilateralism-accesses all their internal links ?Rueckert 13 (Phineas Rueckert Research Associates at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs. "GUANTÁNAMO BAY: CLOSING THE GTMO DETENTION CENTER IS A WILTING OLIVE BRANCH TO CUBA AND THE REST OF LATIN AMERICA"6-14-13. www.coha.org/guantanamo-bay-closing-the-gtmo-detention-center-is-a-wilting-olive-branch-to-cuba-and-the-rest-of-latin-america/, CS) The continued operation of the GTMO detention center is a shameful indictment of a backward AND a policy of mutual respect in U.S.-Latin American relations.
AT: Hinderdael THE CP is key to solve-2ac author Hinderdael, 11– M.A. candidate at SAIS Bologna Center (Klaas, "Breaking the Logjam: Obama’s Cuba Policy and a Guideline for Improved Leadership", http://bcjournal.org/volume-14/breaking-the-logjam.html?printerFriendly=true, CS) ¶ The United States does hold a strategic card that could transform relations with Cuba AND positioning, and move forward relations with the Cuban government and its people.
12/3/13
Neg-LA Pedagogy-Brophy MS
Tournament: MBA | Round: 6 | Opponent: Brophy MS | Judge: This is the framework 1NC
. A. Interpretation --- the aff has to defend USFG action on economic engagement --- ‘resolved’ means to enact a policy by law. Words and Phrases, 1964 (Permanent Edition)
Definition of the word “resolve,” given by Webster is “to express an opinion or determination by resolution or vote; as ‘it was resolved by the legislature;” It is of similar force to the word “enact,” which is defined by Bouvier as meaning “to establish by law”.
B. USFG is the government in Washington WEST'S LEGAL THESAURUS/DICTIONARY, 1985, p. 744. United States: Usually means the federal government centered in Washington, D.C.
C. Substantially means real, not imaginary Wollman ’93 (Circuit Judge, US Court of Appeals – 8th Circuit, Kansas City Power and Light Company, a Missouri corporation, Appellee, v. Ford Motor Credit Company, a Delaware corporation; McDonnell Douglas Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation; HEI Investment Corp., a Hawaii corporation, Appellants, 995 F.2d 1422; 1993 U.S. App. LEXIS 13755, L/N)
Instruction No. 10 was not given .... that the contract required.
C. Education --- academics must learn to engage the public’s line of thinking --- abstract moralism without addressing how to get our policies passed is useless. Jeffrey Isaac, Spring 2002. Professor of Political Science at Indiana University. “Ends, Means, and Politics,” Dissent, http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/?article=601. What is striking about much of the political ....undermines political effectiveness.
3. Voting issue --- resolving the framework is a pre-condition for debate to occur. Ruth Lessl Shively, 2K. Assistant Prof Political Science – Texas AandM U. Partisan Politics and Political Theory, p. 181-2. The requirements given thus far a.... some basic agreement or harmony.
Switch side debate good Star Muir, 1993. Professor of Communication at George Mason. “A Defense of the Ethics of Contemporary Debate,” Philosophy and Rhetoric 26.4, p. 291-292. Firm moral commitment to a value ... students to form their own moral identity.
1/14/14
Neg-Maquilladora K Aff-Whitney Young DS-Umich
Tournament: Umich | Round: 6 | Opponent: Whitney Young DS | Judge: This is the 1nc for the K i went for at umich
The Affirmative regurgitates past pain and suffering to show themselves as a moral option in an immoral world. This action is a stimulant used to mask real pain with surplus enjoyment, creating charred men where we feel but are not alive. Zupancic 03 alenka, “The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Two,” 47-49 It might seem that the notion of and provides them with enjoyment
The desire to mask suffering with enjoyment is the ascetic ideal par excellence. the aff’s morals are employed to make on feel accomplished by their personal restraints. Zupancic 03 alenka, “The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Two,” 47-49 The ascetic ideal places the Real .... recognizes the paradigm of “religious” thinking.
Our alternative is to forget about the suffering in the 1ac. the pain cited by the 1ac is only attended to by the memory of the 1ac to further asceticism, only a break away from these memories solves. Zupancic 03 alenka, “The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Two,” 57-60 This is perhaps the moment....—the possibility of a new one.
12/3/13
Neg-Maquilladora-Whitney Young DS-GBX Quarters
Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Whitney Young DS | Judge: Cites up later, email me if you really need them now, the block was just framework
12/3/13
Neg-Mexico Grids-Okemos GS
Tournament: Umich | Round: 1 | Opponent: Okemos GS | Judge: The United States Federal Government should implement Smart Grids to prevent blackout.
Smart grids prevent large blackout through isolation. Massoud Amin and, professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Minnesota, Phillip F. Schewe 8, chief science writer at the American Institute of Physics, “Preventing Blackouts: Building a Smarter Power Grid”, August 13, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=preventing-blackouts-power-gridandpage=5
A self-healing smart grid can best be built if its architects try to AND flows were restored, the system would again start to self-optimize.
Text: Canada should increase investment aimed to develop cross-border and interconnected grid, transmission, and distribution infrastructure in Mexico.
Canadian cooperation solves best Jeffs 12 President of the Canadian International Council, Ph.D. in International Political Economy from the University of Toronto (Jennifer Jeffs, February 2012, “A Partnership Approach to Development and Global Challenges,” Canada Among Nations, 2011-2012: Canada and Mexico’s Unfinished Agenda)KP ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES AND CLIMATE CHANGE Both Canada and Mexico suffer from disproportionate dependence on AND countries with vastly different climates share environmental problems that may have common solutions.
11/3/13
Neg-Neolib Bad-Edina HP
Tournament: Umich | Round: 3 | Opponent: Edina HP | Judge: Resolved: the United States federal government should increase its economic engagement with Cuba, Mexico and Venezuela.
The net benefit – the word “and/or” is a verbal monstrosity that just serves to generate legal confusion, it plays into the hands of bad-faith readers and can generate loopholes undermining the plan Garner, 6 – editor in chief of the Black’s Law Dictionary (Bryan, Student Lawyer, “Looking for words to kill? Start with These”, September, p. 13) ¶ and/or. Is it a word? Is it a phrase? AND or? The bad-faith reader can pick whatever reading seems favorable.
Replacing and/or with either “and” or “or” encourages critical thinking and reduces mental laziness. The counterplan is an act of protest to eliminate this bastard phrase from common usage O’Conner, 32 – Judge for the Illinois Court of Appeals (D. L. Tarjan for the use of Irene M. Lefkow and John Korowske, Appellee, v. National Surety Company, Appellant, 11/14, lexis)
Moreover, an examination of the record shows that some of the findings of fact AND Ignorance) out of Dubiety. Against such let all honest men protest."¶
11/4/13
Neg-Non Tourist Travel-Berkely Prep MS
Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Berkely Prep MS | Judge: I will add cites later, email me if necessary, doing neg strats for now
11/26/13
Neg-ResolutionCap Bad-Saint Vincent MY
Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 3 | Opponent: St Vincent De Paul MY | Judge: Off case Cites are in other headers The 2nr was just cap good as an impact turn on case, email me if you want those cites,
The President of the United States should submit the legality of the embargo against Cuba to the International Court of Justice for binding and sole compulsory adjudication. The President should ask that the case take priority.
The Court will rule against the embargo BROWN ‘2 (Bartram S.; Chicago-Kent College of Law, “Recent Books on International Law,” 96 A.J.I.L. 506, April, l/n) When it comes to sanctions, one underlying issue is always the legitimacy …integrated international community" (p. 32).
Ruling against status quo U.S. policy boosts ICJ Cred MURPHY ‘9 (Sean D.; Patricia Roberts Harris Research Professor of Law – George Washington University, “The United States and the International Court of Justice: Coping with Antinomies,” in The Sword and the Scales: The United States and International Courts and Tribunals, edited by Cesare P.R. Romano) ww
The formal means for … opportunities to speak to the legality of U.S. actions.
ICJ Credibility is key to resolving Southeast Asian territorial disputes and bolstering Asian regionalism STRACHAN ‘9 (Anna Louise; Research Intern – Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, “Resolving Southeast Asian Territorial Disputes: A Role for the ICJ,” IPCS Issue Brief No. 133, October, http://www.ipcs.org/pdf_file/issue/IB133-SEARP-AnnaICJ_28Read-Only29.pdf)
Southeast Asia has turned to the International Court of Justice (ICJ… Court are fair and should be adhered to.
