1NC Fed Reserve CP US Politics Security K Shunning
2NR CP and Mex Politics oncase
GFCA Second Year State Championship at Lassiter High School
4
Opponent: Johns Creek GL | Judge: Flora Patel
Aff was mexico short sea shipping 1NC- Title XIRailcars in United States CP Security Shunning Mexican Politics T QPQ w Aspec
2NR-Heg bad
GFCA Second Year State Championship at Lassiter High School
4
Opponent: Johns Creek GL | Judge: Flora Patel
Aff was mexico short sea shipping 1NC- Title XIRailcars in United States CP Security Shunning Mexican Politics T QPQ w Aspec
2NR-Heg bad
GFCA Second Year State Championship at Lassiter High School
Octas
Opponent: Johns Creek KL | Judge: J Lane Bearden, Katie Marshall, Tommy Jordan
Aff was Mexico short sea shipping 1NC was Econ Counterplan Shunning Security T QPQ SSS Turns Heg bad
2NR was heg bad
Grady
1
Opponent: Milton | Judge: Smiley
1NC IMF CP Yuan DA Politics Security K
2NR Ice Age
Grady
4
Opponent: Johns Creek Novices | Judge: Pelham
Aff was mexico energy 2NR was heg bad aspec (they dropped it dont judge) Sorry for bad disclosure forgot to write 1nc down after the round
Grady
Quarters
Opponent: Johns Creek DG | Judge: Ramirez, Nanjee, Gordan
1NC- Security Politics CP t QPQ Shunning 2nr was heg bad
Saint Marks
1
Opponent: Casady | Judge: SawyerMakuch
Mexican Politics TBHA counterplan Neolib Prolif good on case
Saint Marks
3
Opponent: Caddo Magnet | Judge: BarnesSedelmeyer
Masturbation K Pic out of "illegal immigrant" Topicality
Saint Marks
7
Opponent: Head Royce | Judge: BeardenMartinez
Masturbation K Politics China Counterplan Topicality Imperialism Turn Trafficking discourse turn Hero-Victom rhetoric turn Global Apartheid Turn Re-trafficking turn Drug interdiction turn
UGA
2
Opponent: Hooch DN | Judge: Aaron hardy
Aff- Embargo w Multilat Ethanol and National Security
1NC- Multilat Counterplan Ag DA Property QPQ Counterplan T-Appeasement Brooks DA oncase and iceage on case
2NR- multilat CP and brooks DA
UGA
4
Opponent: Druid Hills | Judge: DML
Aff- Venezuela Microloans
1NC- Wilderson T gov 2 gov T trade Appeasement DA China CP coloniality good
2NR- China CP Appeasement DA say no
UGA
6
Opponent: Batterman | Judge: Pinecrest MM
Aff was renegotiate the lease on Gitmo
1NC- Appeasement DA Property QPQ CP T EE and Nietzsche
2NR was Property QPQ
Wake
1
Opponent: Johns Creek LT | Judge:
Aff- Hydrocarbons with relations chemicals mexican economy (oil shocks) Strat was china soi politics Thorium CP and petrochem CP
2NR Was China SOI and politics (they double turned) and case D
Wake
5
Opponent: Traverse City Central | Judge: Manny Herrerra
1AC-Cuba ag 1NC- iceage politics T china ag DA 2NR- iceage politics
Wake
4
Opponent: Catholic Central | Judge:
Aff- Cuba oil 1NC was Syria politics Neolib Topicality (removing restrictions) and the China DA on case
2NR was the China DA and case defense
Woodward
2
Opponent: NFA MP | Judge: Josh Clark
Aff was embargo
1NC- Ag DA Property QPQ cp Neolib Oil DA Pink tide turn on case
2NR-Iran Property DA Ag DA
Woodward
4
Opponent: Blake NW | Judge: Amar Adam
Aff was mexico rule of law 1NC- Security Politics T-EE Advantage CP
2NR- case turns
Woodward
4
Opponent: Blake NW | Judge: Amar Adam
Aff was mexico rule of law 1NC- Security Politics T-EE Advantage CP
2NR- case turns
Woodward
Semis
Opponent: Allen and the Milkshaikh | Judge: Super duper big panel
Just for you wazhir 3
Aff- LPOE 1NC- Politics (Ukraine) Security K States CP T-long term linkage
2NR- politics
Woodward
Semis
Opponent: Allen and the Milkshaikh | Judge: Super duper big panel
Just for you wazhir 3
Aff- LPOE 1NC- Politics (Ukraine) Security K States CP T-long term linkage
2NR- politics
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
Entry
Date
1NC Grady Quarters
Tournament: Grady | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Johns Creek DG | Judge: Ramirez, Nanjee, Gordan 1 Text: The US federal government should
-develop and implement a mobile Sea Basing naval capability as quickly as possible aimed at ensuring adequate United States forward deployment and power projection capabilities. - cut the corporate tax rate to 28.
CP solves for long term economic growth and competitiveness while avoiding the link to politics Hodge 11 (Scott president of the tax foundation “Ten Benefits of Cutting the U.S. Corporate Tax Rate” http://taxfoundation.org/sites/taxfoundation.org/files/docs/sr192.pdf)JC There is near unanimous bipartisan agreement in Washington that the U.S. corporate AND competitive before the nation falls too much further behind our major trading partners.
In March 2005 the new National Defense Strategy (NDS) emphasized “the importance AND to assume different missions such as crisis response or expeditionary power projection.25
2 The dream of security produces apocalypse– constructions of existential risk produce the annihilation they are meant to escape Pever Coviello, Prof. of English @ Bowdoin, 2k Queer Frontiers, p. 39-40 Perhaps. But to claim that American culture is at present decisively postnuclear is not AND or otherwise, seems a civic initiative that can scarcely be done without.
Alternative – Reject the affirmative’s security logic – only resistance to the discourse of security can generate genuine political thought Mark Neocleous, Prof. of Government @ Brunel, 2008 Critique of Security, 185-6 The only way out of such a dilemma, to escape the fetish, is AND
it requires us to be brave enough to return the gift."'
Before leaving on his 17-day vacation in Hawaii, President Obama declared that AND over immigration reform will undoubtedly be a leading issue in Washington next year.
The plan is a political lightning rod – tanks capital Meyers, 12 – staff writer for Politico Jessica Meyers, “Federal marine highways project hard to launch”, Politico, 5/22/12, http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0512/76633.html Mention America’s highways and notice the nods. Talk about its marine highways and watch AND by towns. Container ships don’t pop up on the drive to work.
Relations are k2 solve every major impact, including US primacy in Asia, China rise, and Asian instability Armitage et al 10. Richard is the President of Armitage International and former Deputy Secretary of State. R. Nicholas Burns is a Professor in the Practice of Diplomacy and International Politics, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. Richard Fontaine is the President of the Center for New American Security. “Natural Allies: A Blueprint for the Future of U.S.-India Relations,” October, Center for New American Security, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/Burns20-20Natural20Allies.pdf A strengthened U.S.-India strategic partnership is thus imperative in this new AND transform a series of bilateral achievements into a lasting regional and global partnership.
4 A. Interpretation – “Engagement” requires the provision of positive incentives Haass and O’Sullivan 00 – Richard Haass and Meghan O’Sullivan, Brookings Institution Foreign Policy Studies Program, Honey and Vinegar: Incentives, Sanctions, and Foreign Policy, p. 1-2 The term engagement was popularized amid the controversial policy of constructive engagement pursued by the AND shape the behavior of countries with which the United States has important disagreements.
That means the plan must be a quid-pro-quo De LaHunt 6 - Assistant Director for Environmental Health and Safety Services in Colorado College's Facilities Services department (John, “Perverse and unintended” Journal of Chemical Health and Safety, July-August, Science direct) Incentives work on a quid pro quo basis – this for that. If you AND run, for at least two reasons – unintended consequences and perverse incentives.
Violation: Plan doesn’t act on a condition --- voting issue:
Prefer our interpretation –
Limits and Ground - engagement is a huge mechanism; requiring the affirmative to use a predictable mechanism like a quid pro quo is essential for soft power and foreign politics disad links, counterplans to add or remove a condition and critiques of attaching strings or diplomacy
5 Mexico is a flagrant and persistent human rights violator- you have a moral obligation to shun- further engagement supports the violations and sanctions evil HRW 13 Human Rights Watch, the world’s leading independent organizations dedicated to defending and protecting human rights. By focusing international attention where human rights are violated, we give voice to the oppressed and hold oppressors accountable for their crimes. Our rigorous, objective investigations and strategic, targeted advocacy build intense pressure for action and raise the cost of human rights abuse, 2/20, http://www.hrw.org/print/reports/2013/02/20/mexicos-disappeared-0, “Mexico's Disappeared,” ADM When Enrique Peña Nieto took office on December 1, 2012, he inherited a AND to find the missing and bring those responsible for their disappearances to justice.
AUTO ADV No risk of economic collapse or loss of competitiveness Koba 11 9/12, *Mark Koba is a Senior Editor at CNBC.com, “American Economic Decline? Exaggerated,” http://www.cnbc.com/id/44271677/American_Economic_Decline_Exaggerated, AJ With a recent ratings downgrade, chronic unemployment, a growing budget deficit and a AND percent increase in GDP is more than the entire GDP of many countries."
Even if the US declines, liberal international norms will survive - solves the impact IKENBERRY 11 – (May/June issue of Foreign Affairs, G. John, PhD, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, “The Future of the Liberal World Order,” http://www.foreignaffairs.com/ articles/67730/g-john-ikenberry/the-future-of-the-liberal-world-order?page=show) For all these reasons, many observers have concluded that world politics is experiencing not AND and prosperity that it has provided since the middle of the twentieth century.
Heg fails and Military Readiness doesn’t matter – we cant assert our influence effectively Maher 11-12-2010 (Richard is a Ph.D. candidate in the Political Science department at Brown University. “The Paradox of American Unipolarity: Why the United States May Be Better Off in a Post-Unipolar World” Science Direct) BW And yet, despite this material preeminence, the United States sees its political and AND how best to position itself in the “post-unipolar” world.
Econ collapse doesn’t cause war Bazzi and Blattman, 11 (Samuel Bazzi (Department of Economics at University of California San Diego) and Christopher Blattman (assistant professor of political science and economics at Yale University) November 2011 “Economic Shocks and Conflict: The (Absence of?) Evidence from Commodity Prices” http://www.chrisblattman.com/documents/research/2011.EconomicShocksAndConflict.pdf?9d7bd4) VI. Discussion and conclusions A. Implications for our theories of political instability and AND a lower threshold of evidence for initially significant results than ambiguous ones.20
Short sea shipping means the movement of (2) cargo and passengers by sea between ports situated in geographical Europe or between those ports and ports situated in non European countries having a coastline on the enclosed seas bordering.
If Europe and the US were to agree a deal among themselves on liberalising trade AND the “sink or swim” principle will be laid on the table.
EU Soft Power – it solves extinction Burton 02 John,- Ambassador for the European Commission Delegation (Joint Committee on European Affairs, February 4, 2002, http://www.irlgov.ie/committees-02/c-europeanaffairs/future/page1.htm) As the Laeken Declaration put it, "Europe needs to shoulder its responsibilities in AND truly human, prevail over blind global forces that will otherwise overwhelm us. Multilateral trade does too Panitchpakdi 4 (DG Supachai, Former Director-General – World Trade Organization, “American Leadership and the World Trade Organization: What is the Alternative?”, National Press Club, 2-26, http://www.wto.org/french/ news_f/spsp_f/spsp22_f.htm) I can sum up my message today in three sentences: The United States, AND important to fail. The world depends on it. So does America.
The U.S. and EU have agreed to launch negotiations on what would AND means to implement ACTA which was rejected by the European Parliament last year.
Unregulated GM crops leads to global spread of bacterial antibiotic resistance Pusztai 01 (Arpad, Ph.D., worked with several universities on genetically modified crop research and has published about 300 primary peer-reviewed papers, “Genetically Modified Foods: Are They a Risk to Human/Animal Health?” June 2001, http://www.actionbioscience.org/biotech/pusztai.html) GM foods may cause bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics. When food-crops AND and to pinpoint these before allowing a GM crop into the food chain.
Extinction Collins, 98 (Sharon, Sunday Mirror, Mirror Group newspapers health editor, formerly trained as a specialized medical correspondent, 4-12-1998 “'Doomsday' fear as we over-use antibiotics” lexis) THE golden age of antibiotics, the 20th Century's wonder drug, is over. AND pipeline to replace the life-saving ones to which resistance is developing."
NAVY ADV First, cross apply the ikenberry card from the military readiness scenario- also functions as defense to hegemony- liberal international norms survive post-USA
Multiple alt causes to naval decline – training, bureaucracy, lack of interest, and aegis decline Ewing 10 – Staff Writer for Navy Times, (Phillip, “Study says Aegis radar systems on the decline,” July5, 2010 http://www.navytimes.com/news/2010/07/navy_aegis_070510w/)//aberg The advanced radar systems aboard cruisers and destroyers are in their worst shape ever, AND skid or severe structure damage long enough associate this activity as the standard.”
US military power is unsustainable – the military will be a hollow force by 2021 Wiser 10/11 Daniel Wiser, staff writer for the Washington Free Beacon, graduated from UNC w/degrees in political science and journalism. He is citing a report by the Bipartisan Policy Center, a non-profit research institute that analyzes effects of US policy and emphasizes a commitment to bipartisan research, “Report: Sequestration, Military Budget Cuts Hurting National Security” October 11 2013 http://freebeacon.com/report-sequestration-military-budget-cuts-hurting-national-security/
The report by the Bipartisan Policy Center also said that the nearly $1 trillion AND than $50 billion in annual reductions to the defense budget by 2017. Combat training and procurement programs for new equipment will bear the brunt of the cuts AND the Navy 330 ships and eight carriers by 2021, the report said.
Hegemony creates a violent Russia-China alliance and raises the possibility of war with both countries Petras 11 James Petras is a Bartle Professor (Emeritus) of Sociology at Binghamton University, New York. He is the author of 64 books published in 29 languages, and over 560 articles in professional journals, including the American Sociological Review, British Journal of Sociology, Social Research, Journal of Contemporary Asia, and Journal of Peasant Studies. He has published over 2000 articles in nonprofessional journals such as the New York Times, the Guardian…He is winner of the Life Time Career Award, Marxist Section, of the American Sociology Association, the Robert Kenny Award for Best Book, 2002, and the Best Dissertation, Western Political Science Association in 1968. In 1973-76 he was a member of the Bertrand Russell Tribunal on Repression in Latin America. He writes a monthly column for the Mexican newspaper, La Jornada, and previously, for the Spanish daily, El Mundo. He received his B.A. from Boston University and Ph.D. from the University of California at Berkeley. “World War III: US pursues was against Russia-Chinese alliance” December 28 2011 http://www.agoracosmopolitan.com/news/intrnational/2011/12/28/2448.html
While each policy adopted by the Obama regime in themselves do no present an immediate AND the Pakistan generals while China and Russia condemned the attack and gained influence.
US-China war goes nuclear Goldstein 9-2-13 (Avery, avid M. Knott Professor of Global Politics and International Relations and Director of the Center for the Study of Contemporary China at the University of Pennsylvania. This essay is adapted from his article “First Things First: The Pressing Danger of Crisis Instability in U.S.-China Relations,” International Security, Spring 2013.“China’s Real and Present Danger” http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/139651/avery-goldstein/chinas-real-and-present-danger,)TL MORE DANGEROUS THAN THE COLD WAR? Uncertainty about what could lead either Beijing or Washington to risk war makes a crisis AND be confident about the durability of the systems managing its advanced conventional weapons. Chinese analysts seem to overestimate how easy it is to send signals through military actions AND , since it would be able to cope with Chinese retaliation in kind.
US-Russia nuclear miscalc Barrett et al. 13 (Anthony M. Barrett- Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, Seth D. Baum- Center for Research on Environmental Decisions, Columbia University, Kelly R. Hostetler- Department of Geography, Pennsylvania State University, 2013, “Analyzing and Reducing the Risks of Inadvertent Nuclear War Between the United States and Russia”, http://sethbaum.com/ac/fc_NuclearWar.pdf) War involving significant fractions of the U.S. and Russian nuclear arsenals, AND likely to misinterpret events as attacks. 60,61,62,63
Retrenchment now is key to stable transition to multipolarity- only way to ensure cooperation Patrick 2010 (November/December, Stewart, Senior Fellow and Director of the Program on International Institutions and Global Governance at the Council on Foreign Relations, Irresponsible Stakeholders? Subtitle: The Difficulty of Integrating Rising Powers, Foreign Affairs, lexis) And yet Obama's engagement strategy pragmatically recognizes that addressing global problems such as climate change AND United States will have to become a more consistent exemplar of multilateral cooperation.
Offshore balancing is key to prevent any conflict – it avoids political backlash, increases soft power and allows small powers to deal with regional problems Layne 9 – Christopher, Robert M. Gates Chair in Intelligence and National Security at the George Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas AandM University (2009, “America’s Middle East grand strategy after Iraq: the moment for o?shore balancing has arrived,” Review of International Studies (2009), 35: 5-25, online at http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1andfid=3291804andjid=RISandvolumeId=35andissueId=01andaid=3291800andbodyId=andmembershipNumber=andsocietyETOCSession=) Primacy’s neorealist critics have outlined an alternative grand strategy that increasingly resonates with the American AND has an imperial dimension – illustrates the dictum that empires inevitably provoke resistance.
2/9/14
1NC Grady Round 1
Tournament: Grady | Round: 1 | Opponent: Milton | Judge: Smiley 1 Text: The International Monetary Fund should fine tune their current flexible lending approach and develop a set of overarching principles and detailed procedural guidelines on IMF-RFA cooperation as per our Miyoshi evidence
CP solves Mexican swap lines with an entire “safety net” policy—the plan alone doesn’t resolve the stigma involved with being a “first mover” when drawing from the current lines Lamberte and Morgan 12 (Mario, director in the Research Department of the Asian Development Bank Institute, Peter J., senior consultant for research, Research Department, Asian Development Bank Institute, "Regional and Global Monetary Cooperation" February 2012, www.adbi.org/files/2012.02.21.wp346.regional.global.monetary.cooperation.pdf) The recent experiences of regional and global lending programs have sparked debate on a ¶ AND that a “systemic event” ¶ had taken place (IMF 2010b).¶
CP is the most effective mechanism for fighting a Mexican economic crisis Miyoshi et al 13 (Toshiyuki, director for International Banking Regulations at the IMF, approved by Siddharth Tiwari, Director of Strategy, Policy, and Review Department (SPR), which is responsible for developing IMF's policies, prepared by the Staff of the International Monetary Fund, "STOCKTAKING THE FUND'S ENGAGEMENT WITH REGIONAL FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS", April 11 2013, www.imf.org/external/np/pp/eng/2013/041113b.pdf) STOCKTAKING THE FUND'S ENGAGEMENT WITH ¶ REGIONAL FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS¶ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY¶ Following the AND such as debt sustainability, market ¶ access, and capacity to repay.
2 The dream of security produces apocalypse– constructions of existential risk produce the annihilation they are meant to escape Pever Coviello, Prof. of English @ Bowdoin, 2k Queer Frontiers, p. 39-40 Perhaps. But to claim that American culture is at present decisively postnuclear is not AND or otherwise, seems a civic initiative that can scarcely be done without.
Alternative – Reject the affirmative’s security logic – only resistance to the discourse of security can generate genuine political thought Mark Neocleous, Prof. of Government @ Brunel, 2008 Critique of Security, 185-6 The only way out of such a dilemma, to escape the fetish, is AND
it requires us to be brave enough to return the gift."'
3 Latin America is key for yuan usage – plan causes falling demand and depreciation Aziz 13 (Jahangir Aziz, Senior Asia Economist at JP Morgan Chase. “Latin America’s Role in Renminbi Internationalization” January 2013. http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD9029_AzizEconomicsBrief_v3.pdf) VP Thus far there have been only a few examples of RMBdenominated lending in Latin America AND RMB-based proceeds in China, they are in ¶ the minority.
Yuan appreciation is vital for Chinese economic stability and growth Bloomberg 12 (Bloomberg News. "Geithner Says Yuan Gains Would Aid China Economic Shift" May 3, 2012. www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-05-03/geithner-sees-need-for-1970s-style-shift-in-china-economy.html) VP
U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy F. Geithner said further appreciation in the AND -in- hand” with the financial crisis and European debt turmoil.
Chinese economic crisis causes Taiwan war that escalates Kaminski 7 (Antoni Z., Professor – Institute of Political Studies, “World Order: The Mechanics of Threats (Central European Perspective)”, Polish Quarterly of International Affairs, 1, p. 58)
As already argued, the economic advance of China has taken place with relatively few AND Australia and, first and foremost, the US clash in the region.
2/9/14
1NC Saint Marks round 3
Tournament: Saint Marks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Caddo Magnet | Judge: BarnesSedelmeyer Their framing and use of “Illegal Immigrant” dehumanizes migrants – they reduce people to one action and deny their legality- thus Reid and I advocate the substitution of that phrase with “undocumented immigrant” Golash-Boza 2013 - Professor of Sociology at the University of California, (Tanya Golash-Boza, “ No human being is illegal: It's time to drop the 'i-word',” Aljazeera, 4/8/13, http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/04/201347111531424247.html, Accessed 7/31/13)
People who live in the US without permission from the US government are commonly referred AND , and overstaying your visa or evading immigration inspectors is a civil offence.
Dehumanization is the worst impact, it brings the society to total damnation: a loss of all value to life, justifies all genocides and atrocities.
Fasching, Professor of Religious Studies in the University of South Florida 1993 Darrell J., Part II of The ethical challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima: Apocalypse or Utopia?, Chapter 4 "The Ethical Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima to Technological Utopianism", part 4 "The Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima: From Sacred Morality to Alienation and Ethics", Ebooks
Although every culture is inherently utopian in its potentiality, the internal social dynamic through AND automaton carrying out orders always "from higher up" with unquestioning obedience.
Rejecting “Illegal Immigrant” representations is key to rehumanizing people – the phrase causes undocumented immigrants to be dehumanized- other words allow us to see our laws in a different light Golash-Boza 2013 - Professor of Sociology at the University of California, (Tanya Golash-Boza, “ No human being is illegal: It's time to drop the 'i-word',” Aljazeera, 4/8/13, http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/04/201347111531424247.html, Accessed 7/31/13)
This decision by the AP to refer to actions as "illegal" and not AND authorisation from the US government to live in the country they call home.
“Illegal” is offensive because it attacks a person, not an action-undocumented is a better choice of words
While many national news outlets use the term “illegal immigrant,” this handbook calls AND the psychological baggage. Avoid using illegal(s) as a noun.
K- The Affirmative regurgitates past pain and suffering to show themselves as a moral option in an immoral world. This action is a stimulant used to mask real pain with surplus enjoyment, creating charred men where we feel but are not alive. Zupancic 03 alenka, “The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Two,” 47-49 It might seem that the notion of the ascetic ideal, as well as Nietzsche’s AND it is that it mobilizes and motivates souls, and provides them with enjoyment
The desire to mask suffering with enjoyment is the ascetic ideal par excellence. the aff’s morals are employed to make on feel accomplished by their personal restraints. Zupancic 03 alenka, “The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Two,” 47-49 The ascetic ideal places the Real of pleasure in enjoyment (and posits enjoyment of AND neurosis, in which Freud recognizes the paradigm of “religious” thinking.
Our alternative is to forget about the suffering in the 1ac. the pain cited by the 1ac is only attended to by the memory of the 1ac to further asceticism, only a break away from these memories solves. Zupancic 03 alenka, “The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Two,” 57-60 This is perhaps the moment to examine in more detail what Nietzschean “forgetting” AND —precisely through its “closure”—the possibility of a new one.
Topicality Interpretation --- the aff has to defend USFG should take action on economic engagement --- ‘resolved’ means to enact a policy by law. Words and Phrases, 1964 (Permanent Edition) Definition of the word “resolve,” given by Webster is “to express an opinion or determination by resolution or vote; as ‘it was resolved by the legislature;” It is of similar force to the word “enact,” which is defined by Bouvier as meaning “to establish by law”.
Our interpretation is best --- A. Predictability --- ignoring the resolution opens up an infinite number of frameworks --- this undermines our ability to have in-depth research on their arguments destroying clash and the value of debate.
B. Ground --- the resolution exists to create fair division of aff and neg ground --- any alternative framework allows the aff to pick a moral high ground that destroys neg offense.
C. Education --- academics must learn to engage the public’s line of thinking --- abstract moralism without addressing how to get our policies passed is useless. Jeffrey Isaac, Spring 2002. Professor of Political Science at Indiana University. “Ends, Means, and Politics,” Dissent, http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/?article=601. What is striking about much of the AND not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness.
And a limited topic of discussion that provides for equitable ground is key to productive inculcation of decision-making and advocacy skills in every and all facets of life---even if their position is contestable that’s distinct from being valuably debatable---this still provides room for flexibility, creativity, and innovation, but targets the discussion to avoid mere statements of fact Steinberg and Freeley 8 *Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp45- Debate is a means of settling differences, so there must be a difference of AND Congress to make progress on the immigration debate during the summer of 2007. Someone disturbed by the problem of the growing underclass of poorly educated, socially disenfranchised AND specific policies to be investigated and aid discussants in identifying points of difference. To have a productive debate, which facilitates effective decision making by directing and placing AND
the comparative effectiveness of writing or physical force for a specific purpose. Although we now have a general subject, we have not yet stated a problem AND particular point of difference, which will be outlined in the following discussion.
Switch-side debate is good Star Muir, communication studies at George Mason University, 1993 (Philosophy and Rhetoric 26.4, p. 288-291) Values clarification, Stewart is correct in pointing out, does not mean that no AND of competition), effectively renders the value structure pluralistic, rather than relativistic.
10/19/13
1NC Saint Marks round 7
Tournament: Saint Marks | Round: 7 | Opponent: Head Royce | Judge: BeardenMartinez 1 1st off is the counterplan- Text: The People’s Republic of China should establish a bilateral partnership with the government of Mexico against human trafficking.
The framework for cooperation is there - successful in the past Kamen, 93 - an award-winning columnist on the national staff of The Washington Post (Al, “China Helping Stem Flow of Illegal Immigrants; Beijing's Publicity on Harsh U.S. Consequences Appears to Slow Smuggling Activity,” November 1, Washington Post, ProQuest)YS The tidal wave of illegal Chinese immigration that seemed poised to hit the United States AND "There's too much money in it {for them} not to."
Republicans' new worst fear isn't defaulting on America's debts. If an immigration policy favored AND , that's just good politics in addition to doing the right thing.'
Specifically, expanding anti-trafficking aid to Mexico will cause backlash - our link is unique Seelke 1/29 specialist in Latin American Affairs at CRS, covers Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Mexico, as well as issues such as gangs and trafficking in persons. Holds a Master of Public Affairs and Master of Arts in Latin American Studies (Clare Ribando, 1/29/13, Congressional Research Service, "Mexico and the 112th Congress," ¶ http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32724.pdf)//AM Many Mexican law enforcement activities with respect to combating alien smuggling and human ¶ trafficking AND of Congress ¶ may be reluctant to invest more resources in such programs.
CIR alleviates poverty Alden et. al., 2009 Edward, Project Director, Jeb Bush and Thomas F. McLarty III, Chairs, Independent Task Force Report No. 63, “U.S. Immigration Policy,” Council for Foreign Relations The advantages of circular migration are not confined to the most highly skilled workers. AND advanced countries are complementing development in poorer countries rather than detracting from it.
Poverty is a structural violence that creates a cycle of oppression where certain lives are prioritized over others. Gilligan, (Dept. of Psych. @ Harvard Med and Dir. of the Center for the Study of Violence) 1996 James, Violence: Our Deadly Epidemic and its Causes p. 191-196
You cannot work for one day with the violent people who fill our prisons and AND for they are inextricably related to each other, as cause to effect.
3 Next off is the K The Affirmative regurgitates past pain and suffering to show themselves as a moral option in an immoral world. This action is a stimulant used to mask real pain with surplus enjoyment, creating charred men where we feel but are not alive. Zupancic 03 alenka, “The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Two,” 47-49 It might seem that the notion of the ascetic ideal, as well as Nietzsche’s AND it is that it mobilizes and motivates souls, and provides them with enjoyment
The desire to mask suffering with enjoyment is the ascetic ideal par excellence. the aff’s morals are employed to make on feel accomplished by their personal restraints. Zupancic 03 alenka, “The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Two,” 47-49 The ascetic ideal places the Real of pleasure in enjoyment (and posits enjoyment of AND neurosis, in which Freud recognizes the paradigm of “religious” thinking.
Our alternative is to forget about the suffering in the 1ac. the pain cited by the 1ac is only attended to by the memory of the 1ac to further asceticism, only a break away from these memories solves. Zupancic 03 alenka, “The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Two,” 57-60 This is perhaps the moment to examine in more detail what Nietzschean “forgetting” AND —precisely through its “closure”—the possibility of a new one.
4 A. Interpretation – The instruments of engagement must be exclusively economic Jakstaite, 10 - Doctoral Candidate Vytautas Magnus University Faculty of Political Sciences and Diplomacy (Lithuania) (Gerda, “CONTAINMENT AND ENGAGEMENT AS MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES” BALTIC JOURNAL OF LAW and POLITICS VOLUME 3, NUMBER 2 (2010), DOI: 10.2478/v10076-010-0015-7)
The approach to engagement as economic engagement focuses exclusively on economic instruments of foreign policy with the main national interest being security. Economic engagement is a policy of the conscious development of economic relations with the adversary in order to change the target state?s behaviour and to improve bilateral relations.94 Economic engagement is academically wielded in several respects. It recommends that the state engage the target country in the international community (with the there existing rules) and modify the target state?s run foreign policy, thus preventing the emergence of a potential enemy.95 Thus, this strategy aims to ensure safety in particular, whereas economic benefit is not a priority objective. Objectives of economic engagement indicate that this form of engagement is designed for relations with AND exclude the possibility to realize economic engagement in relations with democratic regimes.97 Proponents of economic engagement believe that the economy may be one factor which leads to closer relations and cooperation (a more peaceful foreign policy and the expected pledge to cooperate) between hostile countries – closer economic ties will develop the target state?s dependence on economic engagement implementing state for which such relations will also be cost-effective (i.e., the mutual dependence). However, there are some important conditions for the economic factor in engagement to be AND that would help them maintain a dominant position in their own country.98 Proponents of economic engagement do not provide a detailed description of the means of this AND are developed depending on changes in the target state?s behaviour.99 Unconditional economic engagement is more moderate form of engagement. Engagement applying state while developing economic relations with an adversary hopes that the resulting economic dependence over time will change foreign policy course of the target state and reduce the likelihood of armed conflict. Theorists assume that economic dependence may act as a restriction of target state?s foreign policy or as transforming factor that changes target state?s foreign policy objectives.100 Thus, economic engagement focuses solely on economic measures (although theorists do not give a more detailed description), on strategically important actors of the international arena and includes other types of engagement, such as the conditional-unconditional economic engagement.
B. Violation – anti-trafficking is not solely economic WTO, 7 – organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade; deals with regulation of trade between participating countries; it provides a framework for negotiating and formalizing trade agreements, and a dispute resolution process aimed at enforcing participants' adherence to WTO agreements, which are signed by representatives of member governments and ratified by their parliaments (World Trade Organization, “World Trade Report 2007”, 2007, http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/anrep_e/wtr07-2b_e.pdf)//AY
The third cluster of trade agreement motivations can be called the “ideational route”. AND and idealism, but especially in weakly and strongly cognitivist schools of constructivism.
C. Vote negative
Predictable limits – they explode the topic – blurring the lines of economic engagement makes any positive foreign interaction topical
2. Ground – the economic limit is vital to critiques of economics, trade disads, and non-economic counterplans
3. Extra T – inclusion of non-economic engagement allows them to gain non-topical unpredictable advantages and to spike out of all Das
I think this tension is readily apparent in efforts to use social media for public AND the purpose and the operative theories that underscore efforts to reach foreign publics.
Case Their moral tunnel vision is complicit with the evil they criticize- prefer util Issac 2, professor of political science at Indiana University, 2002 (Jeffrey, Dissent, Spring, ebsco) As writers such as Niccolo Machiavelli, Max Weber, Reinhold Niebuhr, and Hannah AND not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness.
Aff has no net impact on trafficking – push-down pop-up prevents effective engagement Van Schendel et al., 12 – (Edited by Willem van Schendel, Professor of Modern Asian History at the University of Amsterdam and Senior Research Fellow at the International Institute of Social History; “Labour Migration and Human Trafficking,” Routledge, 23 April 2012, pages 70-71)HO As human trafficking is a de-territorial development challenge, the mismatch between ideal AND hotspots has become central to the programmatic reproduction of anti-trafficking programmes themselves
Victim discourse is a disguise for imperialism Soderlund 5 (Gretchen Soderlund is Assistant Director of the Center for the Study of Communication and Society and Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Chicago. Send correspondence to soderlun@uchicago.edu. Running from the Rescuers: New U.S. Crusades Against Sex Trafficking and the Rhetoric of Abolition¶ http://traffickingroundtable.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Soderlund-Running-from-the-Rescuers.pdf OP) Too often Western feminists have participated in producing the victim subjects that state actors step AND merging these interests with a crackdown on the sexuality and rights of women.
Imperialism turns disposability Mignolo 5 (Walter D., Ph.D. in Philosophy from the École des Hautes Études, Paris and Professor of Literature and Romance Studies at Duke University, "The Idea of Latin America," 2005, slim_)
What happened has much to do with the increasing complicity of Christianity (and Christian AND still well and alive today (as evidenced in the treatment of immigrants? in Europe and the US, as well as the expendability of people’s lives in Iraq).
Independently Imperialism of Latin America makes violence, war destruction, and serial policy failure inevitable Grandin 06 (Empire's Workshop: Latin America, the United States, and the Rise of the New Imperialism, Greg Grandin, Macmillan, May 2, 2006 –BRW) The ARGENTINE WRITER Jorge Luis Borges once remarked that the lack of camels in the AND in the Cold War, of which Central America was the tragic endgame.
Human trafficking occurs not as a result of insufficient economic engagement but instead because the host nation has no actual incentive to fix it – disproves every element of the 1AC Mexico would say no / circumvent Engagement fails Fahey ‘9 Diane. Assc Prof Law @ NYU School of Law. “Can Tax Policy Stop Human Trafficking?” The Georgetown Journal of International Law, Vol 40 No 2. Winter 2009. ln The rise in human trafficking can be attributed to many factors, such as overpopulation AND which refuse to sign the Kyoto treaty in order to force compliance. 15
The use of the word “trafficking” turns your aff Walsh 12 Project Officer for INTERACT Point Turku, a project that has been set up for supporting cooperation programmes along EU external borders which are funded by the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (Aisling, "Inclusive growth's quest to exclude human trafficking," Spring 2012, http://www.interact-eu.net/downloads/4965/INTERACT2520Newsletter2520257C2520Spring20122520257C2520092520inclusive2520growth25E225802599s2520quest2520to2520exclude2520human2520trafficking.pdf)//AM The term “trafficking in persons” can be misleading as it¶ places emphasis on the transaction aspects of a crime that¶ is more accurately described as enslavement1¶ as Cecilia¶ Malmström, the EU Commissioner for Home Affairs points¶ out, “Trafficking in human beings is an extremely serious¶ crime and a gross violation of human rights, which can be¶ classified as a modern form of slavery.”¶
The hero-victim rhetoric of the 1ac is inherently sexist Soderlund 5 (Gretchen Soderlund is Assistant Director of the Center for the Study of Communication and Society and Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Chicago. Send correspondence to soderlun@uchicago.edu. Running from the Rescuers: New U.S. Crusades Against Sex Trafficking and the Rhetoric of Abolition¶ http://traffickingroundtable.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Soderlund-Running-from-the-Rescuers.pdf OP) President Bush also went on to generate much publicity for anti-trafficking crusades in AND action to end the sex slave’s suffering and restore moral order to the world
Their anti-trafficking discourse fuels a system of “global apartheid”—they attempt to separate the civilized “us” from the “outsiders” through moral fear, imposing state control and depriving women of their agency Sharma, 5 (Nandita Sharma, Assistant Professor in the School of Social Sciences, Atkinson at York University in Toronto, Autumn 2005, NWSA Journal, Vol. 17, No. 3, “Anti-Trafficking Rhetoric and the Making of a Global Apartheid”, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4317159)//EM In contemporary discourses of national security, it is the eradication of the "dangerous AND forced or duped into migrating for the sole benefit of the predatory trafficker.
Their border security based approach turns case – leads to RE-TRAFFICKING Huckerby and Gu 10 - *Jennifer, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Clinical Law and Research Director of the Center for Human Rights and Global Justice @ NYU, April, International Human Rights Clinic (“Beyond Borders: Exploring Links Between Trafficking, Globalization and Security, http://www.gaatw.org/publications/WP_on_Globalisation.pdf)//BB A security approach has led to tighter border security and more¶ restrictive migration regimes AND border patrols may also be more¶ vulnerable to re-trafficking.175
The aff trades off with drug interdiction efforts GARZA 2011 (Rocio, Candidate for Juris Doctor, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, May 2011; A.B. (2005) Harvard University, CARDOZO J. OF INT’L and COMP. LAW, March, www.cjicl.com/uploads/2/9/5/9/2959791/cjicl_19.2_garza_note.pdf?)
The three most prevalent and lucrative transnational crimes—drug trafficking, gun trafficking, AND must both commit to expanding resources, which may mean reshuffling these priorities. Kills human rights Kan, 9 (Paul R., Associate Professor of National Security Studies and the Henry L. Stimson Chair of Military Studies at the US Army War College, Drugs and Contemporary Warfare, pg. 3, Potomac Books Inc., Tashma) The presence of drugs in today’s conflicts has contributed to the volatile nature of inter AND as dangerous for American service members to serve in Afghanistan as in Iraq.‘“
Across the region, a deadly combination of mass undocumented migration, poverty, and AND would have many poor, excluded people here but we wouldn't have slaves."
10/19/13
1NC Saint marks round one
Tournament: Saint Marks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Casady | Judge: SawyerMakuch First off Nieto’s energy reform will pass now- political capital key Hernandez 13 Maria Jose, analyst in Eurasia Group's Latin America practice, holds a master's degree in public administration and economic policy analysis from the School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) at Columbia University, “Politics and Oil: Mexico's Road to Reform,” 2013, http://eurasia.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/06/20/politics_and_oil_mexicos_road_to_reform Is Mexico finally on the verge of a historic reform push? Expectations are on AND , but the next few months will test the new president's political skills.
Cooperation with the U.S. makes Nieto lose support from strong nationalistic populous--recent U.S. failures reinvigorated this sentiment—their link turns don’t assume recent US failures Miroff, 5/14 Correspondent @ Washington post, expertise in Latin America; graduate @ UC Berkeley in Journalism; studied Spanish and Latin American Literature at UC Santa Cruz (Nick, May 14th, 2013 Washington Post “In Mexico, restrictions on U.S. agents signal drug war shift” http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-05-14/world/39250614_1_calderon-years-mexican-security-forces-better-results)//JES His move to rein in American agents has been mostly depicted by analysts in terms AND forces by seeming to favor the marines over its army and federal police.
Reform is key to the Mexican and global economies – investment Siskind, 6/25/13 Cory, Research analyst for Control Risk; “Mexico Plays the Waiting Game on Big Reform,” Huffington Post, June 25, 2013; http://www.huffingtonpost.com/cory-siskind/mexico-plays-the-waiting-_b_3493542.html Early 2013 saw one of the most productive one hundred days in Mexican political history AND the lowest rates of domestic credit to the private sector in the Americas.
Nuke war Harris and Burrows, 9 – *counselor in the National Intelligence Council, the principal drafter of Global Trends 2025, member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis”, Washington Quarterly, http://www.twq.com/09april/docs/09apr_burrows.pdf) Increased Potential for Global Conflict Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and AND within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.
Neoliberal engagement of Latin America results in inequality, political oppression, and military intervention—moral obligation to put those sacrificed by Western growth at the center of decision making. Makwana 6 (Rajesh, STWR, 23rd November 06, http://www.stwr.org/globalization/neoliberalism-and-economic-globalization.html, ZBurdette)
Neoliberalism and Economic Globalization The goal of neoliberal economic globalization is the removal of all barriers to commerce, and the privatization of all available resources and services. In this scenario, public life will be at the mercy of market forces, as the extracted profits benefit the few, writes Rajesh Makwana. The thrust of international policy behind the phenomenon of economic globalization is neoliberal in nature. Being hugely profitable to corporations and the wealthy elite, neoliberal polices are propagated through the IMF, World Bank and WTO. Neoliberalism favours the free-market as the most efficient method of global resource allocation. Consequently it favours large-scale, corporate commerce and the privatization of resources. There has been much international attention recently on neoliberalism. Its ideologies have been rejected by influential countries in Latin America and its moral basis is now widely questioned. Recent protests against the WTO, IMF and World Bank were essentially protests against the neoliberal policies that these organizations implement, particularly in low-income countries. The neoliberal experiment has failed to combat extreme poverty, has exacerbated global inequality, and is hampering international aid and development efforts. This article presents an overview of neoliberalism and its effect on low income countries. Introduction After the Second World War, corporate enterprises helped to create a wealthy class in society which enjoyed excessive political influence on their government in the US and Europe. Neoliberalism surfaced as a reaction by these wealthy elites to counteract post-war policies that favoured the working class and strengthened the welfare state. Neoliberal policies advocate market forces and commercial activity as the most efficient methods for producing AND corporations and affluent countries to secure their financial advantage within the world economy. The policies were most ardently enforced in the US and Europe in the1980s during the AND , economic and political leverage, they continue to further their neoliberal objectives. There is a consensus between the financial elite, neoclassical economists and the political classes AND the most likely means of reducing poverty and inequality in the poorest regions. There is a huge discrepancy between the measurable result of economic globalization and its proposed AND economic growth per capita grew to over 8 between 1980 and 2000.) Neoliberalism has also been unable to address growing levels of global inequality. Over the last 25 years, the income inequalities have increased dramatically, both within and between countries. Between 1980 and 1998, the income of richest 10 as share of poorest 10 became 19 more unequal; and the income of richest 1 as share of poorest 1 became 77 more unequal (again, not including China). The shortcomings of neoliberal policy are also apparent in the well documented economic disasters suffered AND and medical expertise throughout the region and with other countries around the world. The dramatic economic and social improvement seen in these countries has not stopped them from AND economic dominance has been and continues to be the USA’s main economic objective. According to Maria Páez Victor: “Since 1846 the United States has carried out no fewer than 50 military invasions and destabilizing operations involving 12 different Latin American countries. Yet, none of these countries has ever had the capacity to threaten US security in any significant way. The US intervened because of perceived threats to its economic control and expansion. For this reason it has also supported some of the region’s most vicious dictators such as Batista, Somoza, Trujillo, and Pinochet.” As a result of corporate and US influence, the key international bodies that developing AND project contracts. They all gain considerably from the neo-liberal model. So influential are corporations at this time that many of the worst violators of human rights have even entered a Global Compact with the United Nations, the world’s foremost humanitarian body. Due to this international convergence of economic ideology, it is no coincidence that the assumptions that are key to increasing corporate welfare and growth are the same assumptions that form the thrust of mainstream global economic policy. However, there are huge differences between the neoliberal dogma that the US and EU AND to achieving development by imposing an ideology that suits their own economic needs. The US and EU also provide huge subsidies to many sectors of industry. These devastate small industries in developing countries, particularly farmers who cannot compete with the price of subsidized goods in international markets. Despite their neoliberal rhetoric, most ‘capitalist’ countries have increased their levels of state intervention over the past 25 years, and the size of their government has increased. The requirement is to ‘do as I say, not as I do’. Given the tiny proportion of individuals that benefit from neoliberal policies, the chasm between what is good for the economy and what serves the public good is growing fast. Decisions to follow these policies are out of the hands of the public, and the national sovereignty of many developing countries continues to be violated, preventing them from prioritizing urgent national needs. Below we examine the false assumptions of neoliberal policies and their effect on the global economy. Economic Growth Economic growth, as measured in GDP, is the yardstick of economic globalization which AND economic growth is the only way to prosper a country and reduce poverty. Logically, however, a model for continual financial growth is unsustainable. Corporations have to go to extraordinary lengths in order to reflect endless growth in their accounting books. As a result, finite resources are wasted and the environment is dangerously neglected. The equivalent of two football fields of natural forest is cleared each second by profit hungry corporations. Economic growth is also used by the World Bank and government economists to measure progress AND growth have proved impossible due to the inadequacy of the statistical measures employed. The mandate for economic growth is the perfect platform for corporations which, as a result, have grown rapidly in their economic activity, profitability and political influence. Yet this very model is also the cause of the growing inequalities seen across the globe. The privatization of resources and profits by the few at the expense of the many, and the inability of the poorest people to afford market prices, are both likely causes. Free Trade Free trade is the foremost demand of neoliberal globalization. In its current form, AND pushing smaller producers in developing countries out of the market and impeding development. With this self interest driving globalization, economically powerful nations have created a global trading regime with which they can determine the terms of trade. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between the US, Canada, and Mexico is an example of free-market fundamentalism that gives corporations legal rights at the expense of national sovereignty. Since its implementation it has caused job loss, undermined labour rights, privatized essential services, increased inequality and caused environmental destruction. In Europe only 5 of EU citizens work in agriculture, generating just 1.6 of EU GDP compared to more than 50 of citizens in developing countries. However, the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) provides subsidies to EU farmers to the tune of £30 billion, 80 of which goes to only 20 of farmers to guarantee their viability, however inefficient this may be. The General Agreement on Trade and Services (GATS) was agreed at the World AND services are instead granted to corporate interests through the GATS and TRIPS framework. These examples represent modern free trade which is clearly biased in its approach. It fosters corporate globalization at the expense of local economies, the environment, democracy and human rights. The primary beneficiaries of international trade are large, multinational corporations who fiercely lobby at all levels of national and global governance to further the free trade agenda. Liberalization The World Bank, IMF and WTO have been the main portals for implementing the AND this group, and market liberalization has been another of their key policies. According to neoliberal ideology, in order for international trade to be ‘free’ all markets should be open to competition, and market forces should determine economic relationships. But the overall result of a completely open and free market is of course market dominance by corporate heavy-weights. The playing field is not even; all developing countries are at a great financial and economic disadvantage and simply cannot compete. Liberalization, through Structural Adjustment Programs, forces poorer countries to open their markets to AND economic risk; hence the EU and US heavily protect their own markets. A liberalized global market provides corporations with new resources to capitalize and new markets to AND They would then be in a better position to compete in international markets.
2nd off Vote neg to interrogate neoliberal economic engagement with latin America from the starting point of knowledge production. Walsh, Estudios Culturales Latinoamericanos de la Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, 2012 (Catherine, “The Politics of Naming”, Cultural Studies, 26.1, Project Muse)
Cultural Studies, in our project, is constructed and understood as more than a AND Studies is only one of our options, and part of the politics of
3rd off- The United States Federal Government should establish a Transboundary Hydrocarbons Agreement with Mexico.
Hydrocarbons agreement solves the aff Boman, 13 oil and natural gas expert (Karen Boman, 4/22/13, “Bill Seeks to Allow Drilling Near US Mexico Maritime Border”, http://www.rigzone.com/news/article.asp?a_id=125950)//EM Bill Seeks to Allow Drilling Near US Mexico Maritime Border A legislative hearing will take AND Middle East crudes to make up for Mexico production shortfalls, Lugar added.
Republicans' new worst fear isn't defaulting on America's debts. If an immigration policy favored AND , that's just good politics in addition to doing the right thing.'
The plan would be a controversial-1ac author Wood ’13 (Duncan Wood, the Director of the Mexico Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, For 17 years, Dr. Wood was a professor and the director of the International Relations Program at the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM) in Mexico City, His research focuses on Mexican energy policy and North American relations, “Growing Potential for U.S. - Mexico Energy Cooperation”, January 2013) Looking ahead to the next six years of interaction between governments of Mexico and the AND is now a greater potential for engagement than at any time in recent memory
Employment Visas Key to US-India Relations Kumar 10 Arun, Daily Times of India, 6-24, “US visas pose ‘appallingly pervasive problem’ (http://www.dailytimesindia.com/2010/06/134540.htm) Washington, June 25 (IANS) A day after India raised the issue of AND the issue in a meeting with the US Secretary of Commerce Gary Locke.
Relations key to solve Indo-Pak war Mohan 02 Raja Mohan, strategic affairs editor for the Hindu, Winter 2002, Washington Quarterly A significant change in Indian attitudes about U.S. involvement in the dispute AND -key U.S. role in nudging the peace process along.
Extinction Fai 01 (Ghulam Nabi, Kashmiri American Council, The Washington Times, “The most dangerous place”, July 8, L/N) The foreign policy of the United States in South Asia should move from the lackadaisical AND winter threatening the entire globe. The United States would enjoy no sanctuary.
Iran proliferation stabilizes regional deterrence – key to check Israel. Waltz 12 – Senior Research Scholar at the Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies and Adjunct Professor of Political Science at Columbia University (Kenneth N., Foreign Affairs: “Why Iran Should get the Bomb: Nuclear Balancing Would Mean Stability”, page 3, July-August 2012)AB
The third possible outcome of the standoff is that Iran continues its current course and AND crisis that will end only when a balance of military power is restored.
Extinction Hirsch 5 - Professor @ UC San Diego (Jorge, “Can a nuclear strike on Iran be averted,” November 21st, EMM - BRW)
The Bush administration has put together all the elements it needs to justify the impending AND of the Hiroshima bomb, enough to erase Earth's population many times over.
Prolif solves all risk of war through nuclear deterrence Tepperman 9 Jonathan Tepperman, Deputy Editor of Newsweek, Member of the Council on Foreign Relations, now Managing Editor of Foreign Affairs, holds a B.A. in English Literature from Yale University, an M.A. in Jurisprudence from Oxford University, and an LL.M. in International Law from New York University, 2009 (“Why Obama Should Learn to Love the Bomb,” The Daily Beast, August 28th, Available Online at http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/08/28/why-obama-should-learn-to-love-the-bomb.print.html, Accessed 01-27-2012)
A growing and compelling body of research suggests that nuclear weapons may not, in AND oppressive, but nothing in their behavior suggests they have a death wish.
Iran doesn’t want nukes Afrasiabi 7/4 2012, *Kaveh L Afrasiabi, PhD, is the author of After Khomeini: New Directions in Iran's Foreign Policy (Westview Press), “Why Iran does not want the bomb,” Asia Times, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/NG04Ak04.html, AJ Waltz is wrong to assume that Iran has been motivated to go fully nuclear as AND Gulf region, by simply making abstract generalizations about the broader Middle East.
No widespread prolif – nuclear umbrella checks Cook 12 4/2, *Steven A. Cook is the Hasib J. Sabbagh Senior Fellow for Middle Eastern Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, “Don't Fear a Nuclear Arms Race in the Middle East,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/04/02/don_t_fear_a_nuclear_arms_race?page=0,0, AJ The conventional wisdom has it wrong: Iran’s development of a nuclear weapon won’t spur AND energy shortfall resulting from the combination of a booming economy and growing population.
10/19/13
1NC State Round One
Tournament: GFCA Second Year State Championship at Lassiter High School | Round: 1 | Opponent: Johns Creek MR | Judge: Cameron Henderson 1 The Affirmative Misunderstands the Source of Value in the Cosmos – Value is NOT Something that Can Be Isolated and Preserved for Future Generations, Rather Value is Only a Function of Difference. A 1AC Without Value is By Definition Meaningless – Presume Negative Until they Can Present a Value System that Does NOT Collapse Upon Itself or Evacuate Meaning. Henning 09 (Brian; Associate Professor of Philosophy at Gonzaga University; “Trusting in the 'Efficacy of Beauty: A Kalocentric Approach to Moral Philosophy”; Ethics and the Environment- Volume 14, Number 1)RSW
Final truths (whether in religion, morality, or science) are unattainable not AND world, how we relate to and interact with every form of existence.
We are all cosmic dust—the distinction between “living and non-living” is meaningless and our extinction is inevitable. Only accepting these truths allows us to transcend consciousness. Seed 88 (John; Australian environmentalist and director of the Rainforest Information Centre; THINKING LIKE A MOUNTAIN - TOWARDS A COUNCIL OF ALL BEINGS; http://www.rainforestinfo.org.au/deep-eco/Anthropo.htm)
"But the time is not a strong prison either. A little scraping of AND beneficial for all life on the planet as a whole." (9)
Our alternative is to vote negative to affirm a non-anthropocentric value system for action and deliberation. Break with the familiar. Do not imagine plan implementation, but instead embrace the energetic cosmology of the kritik. Open yourself up to the strange and non-familiar. Sandilands 2000 Catriona Sandilands, Environmental Studies at York University, 2000 Ethics and the Environment 4.2
But it strikes me that the call for a rethinking of moral standing to include AND and topics of conversation so that they can he shown to he common.
Ethics comes before knowledge—Their advantages are sandcastles built upon a foundation of anthropocentric valuation—Accurate knowledge STARTS with willigness to risk responding to mysterious ecologies demanding your ethical concern. Anthony Weston, Professor of Philosophy at Elon University, 2009 The Incompleat Eco-Philosopher p. 9-11
If theworld is a collection of more or less ?xed facts to which we must AND , the world responds. The great task is not knowledge but relationship.
2 A. Interpretation - Engagement is the attempt to influence the political behavior of a state by increasing contacts with that state – economic engagement means using exclusively economic contacts like trade, loans and grants Resnik, 1 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University (Evan, Journal of International Affairs, “Defining Engagement” v54, n2, political science complete)
A REFINED DEFINITION OF ENGAGEMENT In order to establish a more effective framework for dealing AND be shown below, permits the elucidation of multiple types of positive sanctions.
B. Violation – they cooperate to establish cross-border peace parks- that’s diplomatic engagement- distinct from economic
C. Prefer our interpretation –
Limits – they explode the topic – blurring the lines between economic and other forms of engagement makes any positive interaction with another country topical. It’s impossible to predict or prepare
2. Neg ground – the economic limit is vital to critiques of economics, trade disads, and non-economic counterplans
3. Precision – it’s key to effective policy analysis Resnik, 1 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University (Evan, Journal of International Affairs, “Defining Engagement” v54, n2, political science complete) In matters of national security, establishing a clear definition of terms is a precondition AND the information necessary to better manage the rogue states of the 21st century. 3 The United States federal government should establish national and peace parks within the United States in particular on the us side of the border in the sonoran and chiuhaun deserts
The net benefit is imperialism- Development and economic engagement policies are economic imperialism hidden by benevolence ---this encourages countervailing forces which turn the case. Veltmeyer, ’11 - Professor of Development Studies at the Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas in Mexico and Professor of Sociology and International Development Studies at St. Mary’s University, (Henry, “US imperialism in Latin America: then and now, here and there,” estudios críticos del desarrollo, vol. I, núm. 1, segundo semestre de 2011, pp. 89–123, http://estudiosdeldesarrollo.net/critical/rev1/3.pdf)//A-Berg
Finding itself in the wake of a second world war as the dominant economic power AND the case of the economic imperialism that came into play in the 1990s.
Unlimited imperialist conquest inevitably results in extinction, every modern war has been a byproduct of the spread of colonialism Harvey ‘06 David Harvey, “Spaces of Global Capitalism: A Theory of Uneven Geographical Development”, May 17 2006, Chapter 13 At times of savage devaluation, interregional rivalries typically degenerate into struggles over who is AND of the world, but by the destruction and death of global war.
The alternative is to vote neg to interrogate the imperial underpinnings of the 1AC- only by rejecting US imperialism can we open up new spaces for decolonized thought Taylor 12 - Lecturer in Latin American Studies BA University of London, Queen Mary MPhil University of Glasgow PhD University of Manchester, (Lucy, “Decolonizing International Relations: Perspectives from Latin America,” International Studies Review, Volume 14, Issue 3, 11 SEP 2012, 14, 386–400, Wiley Online Library)A-Berg
The aim of this paper is to think differently about International Relations (IR) AND , locating its critique at the heartland of international relationships and International Relations.
4 Mexico is a flagrant and persistent human rights violator HRW 13 Human Rights Watch, the world’s leading independent organizations dedicated to defending and protecting human rights. By focusing international attention where human rights are violated, we give voice to the oppressed and hold oppressors accountable for their crimes. Our rigorous, objective investigations and strategic, targeted advocacy build intense pressure for action and raise the cost of human rights abuse, 2/20, http://www.hrw.org/print/reports/2013/02/20/mexicos-disappeared-0, “Mexico's Disappeared,” ADM
When Enrique Peña Nieto took office on December 1, 2012, he inherited a AND to find the missing and bring those responsible for their disappearances to justice.
Reject engagement with human rights abusers — moral duty to shun. Beversluis 89 — Eric H. Beversluis, Professor of Philosophy and Economics at Aquinas College, holds an A.B. in Philosophy and German from Calvin College, an M.A. in Philosophy from Northwestern University, an M.A. in Economics from Ohio State University, and a Ph.D. in the Philosophy of Education from Northwestern University, 1989 (“On Shunning Undesirable Regimes: Ethics and Economic Sanctions,” Public Affairs Quarterly, Volume 3, Number 2, April, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via JSTOR, p. 17-19)
A fundamental task of morality is resolving conflicting interests. If we both want the AND rage. Thus ethics identifies the rights of individuals when their interests conflict. But how can a case for shunning be made on this view of morality? AND , on what grounds might it be a duty to impose such sanctions? We find the answer when we note that there is another "level" of AND rights of others with one's actions but also to support that moral order. Consider that the moral order itself contributes significantly to people's rights being respected. It AND it indirectly affects people's rights. And this is where shunning fits in. Certain types of behavior constitute a direct attack on the moral order. When the AND three conditions which turn immoral behavior into an attack on the moral order. An immoral action is flagrant if it is "extremely or deliberately conspicuous; notorious AND reaffirms the legitimacy of that moral order. How does shunning do this? First, by refusing publicly to have to do with such a person one announces support for the moral order and backs up the announcement with action. This action reinforces the commitment to the moral order both of the shunner and of the other members of the community. (Secretary of State Shultz in effect made this argument in his call for international sanctions on Libya in the early days of 1986.) Further, shunning may have a moral effect on the shunned person, even if the direct impact is not adequate to change the immoral behavior. If the shunned person thinks of herself as part of the moral community, shunning may well make clear to her that she is, in fact, removing herself from that community by the behavior in question. Thus shunning may achieve by moral suasion what cannot be achieved by "force." Finally, shunning may be a form of punishment, of moral sanction, whose appropriateness depends not on whether it will change the person's behavior, but on whether he deserves the punishment for violating the moral order. Punishment then can be viewed as a way of maintaining the moral order, of "purifying the community" after it has been made "unclean," as ancient communities might have put it. Yet not every immoral action requires that we shun. As noted above, we AND on the moral order itself through flagrant, willful, and persistent wrongdoing. We can also now see why failure to shun can under certain circumstances suggest complicity. But it is not that we have a duty to shun because failure to do so suggests complicity. Rather, because we have an obligation to shun in certain circumstances, when we fail to do so others may interpret our failure as tacit complicity in the willful, persistent, and flagrant immorality.
ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE
No extinction The Economist, 09 (The Economist, January 15, 2009, “Second life: Biologists debate the scale of extinction in the world’s tropical forests,” http://www.economist.com/node/12926042, Hensel) A RARE piece of good news from the world of conservation: the global extinction AND Once forest cover does start increasing, the rate of extinction should dwindle.
Deforestation is a massive alt cause Cardillo, 06 (Marcel, Division of Biology, Imperial College London, 2006, “Disappearing forests and biodiversity loss: which areas should we protect?,” International Forestry Review Volume 8, Issue 2, http://www.tempoandmode.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/int-forestry-review-june-2006-cardillo.pdf, Hensel) The destruction of forests and other habitats is the single most important cause of biodiversity AND under different modelled scenarios of forest loss to 2020 (Grelle 2005).
FRAMING This moral tunnel vision is complicit with the evil they criticize-prefer util Issac 2, professor of political science at Indiana University, 2002 (Jeffrey, Dissent, Spring, ebsco) As writers such as Niccolo Machiavelli, Max Weber, Reinhold Niebuhr, and Hannah AND not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness.
Structural violence is an obscure metaphor. Its use cannot lead to positive changes because it conflates distinct and generally unrelated problems of violence and poverty. Boulding ’77 (Kenneth, Faculty – U. Colorado Boulder, Former Pres. American Economic Association, Society for General Systems Research, and American Association for the Advancement of Science, Journal of Peace Research, “Twelve Friendly Quarrels with Johan Galtung”, 14:1, JSTOR) Finally, we come to the great Galtung metaphors of 'structural violence' 'and 'posi- AND it may have done a disservice in preventing us from finding the answer.
Scenario planning good Kurasawa 2004 (Constellations Volume 11 Number 4, 2004) Moreover, keeping in mind the sobering lessons of the past century cannot but make AND that will continue to inflict needless suffering upon future generations if left unchallenged.
Predictions avoid a state of permanent emergency. They allow us to reclaim our agency from passivity. Bindé ’00 (Jérôme, Dir. Analysis and Forecasting Office – UNESCO, Public Culture, “Toward an Ethics of the Future”, 12:1, Project Muse) An ethics of the future is not an ethics in the future. If tomorrow AND To paraphrase a common saying, the future delayed is the future denied.
The second assertion made by supporters of the quality of life as a criterion for AND ought to be made only by the person concerned and not by others.
No serial policy failure. Language is clear enough to use common assumptions. Policy and theory do succeed on this basis. Harvey ’97 (Frank, Associate Prof. Pol. Sci. – Dalhousie U., “The Future’s Back: Nuclear Rivalry, Deterrence Theory, and Crisis Stability after the Cold War”, p. 138-139) Linguistic Relativism. One approach of postmodernists is to point to the complex nature of AND would know more or less about international relations if we pursued that strategy.
2/9/14
1NC State Semis
Tournament: GFCA Second Year State Championship at Lassiter High School | Round: Semis | Opponent: Milton FM | Judge: Lauren Donnenfeld, Maggie Berthiaume, Ricardo Saenz 1
The United States federal government should give the Federal Reserve explicit emergency authority to execute swap lines including central bank liquidity swaps with all countries except the United Mexican States and designate the Federal Reserve as the market stability regulator as per the Baker evidence
Solves the aff – THEIR AUTHOR Baker 13 Associate Professor University of Notre Dame Law School. Ph.D. The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, JD/MBA University of Virginia, “THE FEDERAL RESERVE’S USE OF INTERNATIONAL SWAP LINES”,http://www.arizonalawreview.org/pdf/55-3/55arizlrev603.pdf The First Prong of the Framework Congress should give the Federal Reserve explicit emergency authority AND stability regulator supports the important public policy objective of maintaining financial market stability.
Their internal link evidence says swap lines are key Baker 13 Associate Professor University of Notre Dame Law School. Ph.D. The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, JD/MBA University of Virginia, “THE FEDERAL RESERVE’S USE OF INTERNATIONAL SWAP LINES”,http://www.arizonalawreview.org/pdf/55-3/55arizlrev603.pdf The U.S. dollar is the international currency and the main international reserve AND value and promoting its international role should be a critical public policy objective.
2 Obama is investing all of his political capital in blocking Iran sanctions – he’s winning the fight and momentum is on his side Benen 1-17 (Steve, American political writer and blogger, an MSNBC contributor, and a producer for The Rachel Maddow Show, “Support for new Iran sanctions wanes,” http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/support-new-iran-sanctions-wanes)
A week ago, it was practically a foregone conclusion that such a bill would pass the House and Senate; the question is whether President Obama’s veto could be overridden. Just of the last few days, however, the odds of such a bill even reaching the president’s desk have dropped unexpectedly. The Hill, for example, reported yesterday that House Republicans “are moving away from a proposal to adopt new Iran sanctions.” House Democrats who were otherwise sympathetic to the idea became “irked” by GOP political tactics “and the idea appears to have been at least temporarily shelved.” In the Senate, meanwhile, BuzzFeed reports that Sen. Bob Corker (R-Tenn.), a co-sponsor of the legislation, has “proposed the idea of scheduling a vote on Iran sanctions six months from now, after the interim nuclear agreement has run its course, instead of voting on sanctions right now.” In other words, lawmakers could at least wait to see if the talks bear fruit before sabotaging them in advance. Corker’s idea isn’t ideal – it would reportedly lock in the Senate for a vote on July 21, exactly six months after the current deal is implemented, regardless of the status of the diplomacy – but in the larger context it suggests even sanctions supporters are starting to see value in waiting. Indeed, an unnamed senator who supports the sanctions bill told Greg Sargent this week that opponents have the momentum. The senator added, “At the moment, there’s no rush to put the bill on the floor. I’m not aware of any deadline in anyone’s head.” Keep in mind, the sanctions legislation was introduced in the Senate on Dec. 19 with a bipartisan group of 26 sponsors. Over the course of just three weeks, that total more than doubled to 59 sponsors. But the last addition was eight days ago – and no other senators have signed on since. What changed the direction of the debate? To be sure, White House pressure has made a difference, reinforced by President Obama’s direct lobbying to Democratic senators this week. I also talked to a Senate staffer yesterday who said public pressure has also increased, with more voters contacting the Hill with phone calls and emails, voicing opposition to the bill. Plan costs capital Snow and Gianakis 8 (Dr. Douglas and Dr. Gerasimos, both from Sawyer Business School at Suffolk University, THE IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT OF MUNICIPAL STABILIZATION FUNDS IN MASSACHUSETTS: A RESEARCH NOTE, p. 6-7)
In October of 2006, we administered the survey to all 351 municipal finance directors AND of the more relevant responses to survey questions are summarized in the appendix.
WASHINGTON (JTA)—More than half the United States Senate has signed on to a bill that would intensify sanctions against Iran. But in a sign of the so-far successful effort by the White House to keep the bill from reaching a veto-busting 67 supporters, only 16 Democrats are on board. The number of senators cosponsoring the bill, introduced by Sens. Mark Kirk (R-Ill.) and Robert Menendez (D-N.J.), reached 58 this week, up from just 33 before the Christmas holiday break. Notably only one of the 25 who signed up in recent days—Sen. Michael Bennet (D-Colo.)—is a Democrat, a sign of intense White House lobbying among Democrats to oppose the bill. Backers of the bill say it would strengthen the U.S. hand at the negotiations. But President Obama has said he would veto the bill because it could upend talks now underway between the major powers and Iran aimed at keeping the Islamic Republic from obtaining a nuclear bomb. A similar bill passed this summer by the U.S. House of Representatives had a veto-proof majority. On Thursday, the White House said backers of the bill should be upfront about the fact that it puts the United States on the path to war. “If certain members of Congress want the United States to take military action, AND have to choose between military options or allowing Iran’s nuclear program to proceed.” A number of pro-Israel groups, led by the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, are leading a full-court press for the bill’s passage, with prominent Jewish leaders in a number of states making calls and writing letters to holdouts. Dovish Jewish groups such as J Street and Americans for Peace Now oppose the bill.
Sanctions bill causes Israeli strikes Perr, 12/24/13 - B.A. in Political Science from Rutgers University; technology marketing consultant based in Portland, Oregon. Jon has long been active in Democratic politics and public policy as an organizer and advisor in California and Massachusetts. His past roles include field staffer for Gary Hart for President (1984), organizer of Silicon Valley tech executives backing President Clinton's call for national education standards (1997), recruiter of tech executives for Al Gore's and John Kerry's presidential campaigns, and co-coordinator of MassTech for Robert Reich (2002). (Jon, “Senate sanctions bill could let Israel take U.S. to war against Iran” Daily Kos, http://www.dailykos.com/story/2013/12/24/1265184/-Senate-sanctions-bill-could-let-Israel-take-U-S-to-war-against-Iran#
As 2013 draws to close, the negotiations over the Iranian nuclear program have entered AND Israel to decide whether the United States will go to war against Tehran. On their own, the tough new sanctions imposed automatically if a final deal isn't completed in six months pose a daunting enough challenge for President Obama and Secretary of State Kerry. But it is the legislation's commitment to support an Israeli preventive strike against Iranian nuclear facilities that almost ensures the U.S. and Iran will come to blows. As Section 2b, part 5 of the draft mandates: If the Government of Israel is compelled to take military action in legitimate self-defense against Iran's nuclear weapon program, the United States Government should stand with Israel and provide, in accordance with the law of the United States and the constitutional responsibility of Congress to authorize the use of military force, diplomatic, military, and economic support to the Government of Israel in its defense of its territory, people, and existence. Now, the legislation being pushed by Senators Mark Kirk (R-IL), AND March told a Christians United for Israel (CUFI) conference in July: "If nothing changes in Iran, come September, October, I will present a resolution that will authorize the use of military force to prevent Iran from developing a nuclear bomb." Graham would have plenty of company from the hardest of hard liners in his party. In August 2012, Romney national security adviser and pardoned Iran-Contra architect Elliott Abrams called for a war authorization in the pages of the Weekly Standard. And just two weeks ago, Norman Podhoretz used his Wall Street Journal op-ed to urge the Obama administration to "strike Iran now" to avoid "the nuclear war sure to come." But at the end of the day, the lack of an explicit AUMF in the Nuclear Weapon Free Iran Act doesn't mean its supporters aren't giving Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu de facto carte blanche to hit Iranian nuclear facilities. The ensuing Iranian retaliation against to Israeli and American interests would almost certainly trigger the commitment of U.S. forces anyway. Even if the Israelis alone launched a strike against Iran's atomic sites, Tehran will almost certainly hit back against U.S. targets in the Straits of Hormuz, in the region, possibly in Europe and even potentially in the American homeland. Israel would face certain retaliation from Hezbollah rockets launched from Lebanon and Hamas missiles raining down from Gaza. That's why former Bush Defense Secretary Bob Gates and CIA head Michael Hayden raising the AND 10 years in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars combined.") The anticipated blowback? Serious costs to U.S. interests would also be felt over the longer term, we believe, with problematic consequences for global and regional stability, including economic stability. A dynamic of escalation, action, and counteraction could produce serious unintended consequences that would significantly increase all of these costs and lead, potentially, to all-out regional war.
A unilateral Israeli strike on Iran’s nuclear facilities would likely have dire consequences, including a regional war, global economic collapse and a major power clash. For an Israeli campaign to succeed, it must be quick and decisive. This requires an attack that would be so overwhelming that Iran would not dare to respond in full force. Such an outcome is extremely unlikely since the locations of some of Iran’s nuclear facilities are not fully known and known facilities are buried deep underground. All of these widely spread facilities are shielded by elaborate air defense systems constructed not only by the Iranians but also the Chinese and, likely, the Russians as well. By now, Iran has also built redundant command and control systems and nuclear facilities, developed early warning systems, acquired ballistic and cruise missiles and upgraded and enlarged its armed forces. Because Iran is well-prepared, a single, conventional Israeli strike—or even numerous strikes—could not destroy all of its capabilities, giving Iran time to respond. Unlike Iraq, whose nuclear program Israel destroyed in 1981, Iran has a second-strike capability comprised of a coalition of Iranian, Syrian, Lebanese, Hezbollah, Hamas, and, perhaps, Turkish forces. Internal pressure might compel Jordan, Egypt and the Palestinian Authority to join the assault, turning a bad situation into a regional war. During the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, at the apex of its power, Israel was saved from defeat by President Nixon’s shipment of weapons and planes. Today, Israel’s numerical inferiority is greater, and it faces more determined and better-equipped opponents. After years of futilely fighting Palestinian irregular armies, Israel has lost some of its perceived superiority—bolstering its enemies’ resolve. Despite Israel’s touted defense systems, Iranian coalition missiles, armed forces, and terrorist attacks would likely wreak havoc on its enemy, leading to a prolonged tit-for-tat. In the absence of massive U.S. assistance, Israel’s military resources may quickly dwindle, forcing it to use its alleged nuclear weapons, as it had reportedly almost done in 1973. An Israeli nuclear attack would likely destroy most of Iran’s capabilities, but a crippled Iran and its coalition could still attack neighboring oil facilities, unleash global terrorism, plant mines in the Persian Gulf and impair maritime trade in the Mediterranean, Red Sea and Indian Ocean. Middle Eastern oil shipments would likely slow to a trickle as production declines due to the war and insurance companies decide to drop their risky Middle Eastern clients. Iran and Venezuela would likely stop selling oil to the United States and Europe. From there, things could deteriorate as they did in the 1930s. The world economy would head into a tailspin; international acrimony would rise; and Iraqi and Afghani citizens might fully turn on the United States, immediately requiring the deployment of more American troops. Russia, China, Venezuela, and maybe Brazil and Turkey—all of which essentially support Iran—could be tempted to form an alliance and openly challenge the U.S. hegemony. Russia and China might rearm their injured Iranian protege overnight, just as Nixon rearmed Israel, and threaten to intervene, just as the U.S.S.R. threatened to join Egypt and Syria in 1973. President Obama’s response would likely put U.S. forces on nuclear alert, replaying Nixon’s nightmarish scenario. Iran may well feel duty-bound to respond to a unilateral attack by its Israeli archenemy, but it knows that it could not take on the United States head-to-head. In contrast, if the United States leads the attack, Iran’s response would likely be muted. If Iran chooses to absorb an American-led strike, its allies would likely protest and send weapons but would probably not risk using force. While no one has a crystal ball, leaders should be risk-averse when choosing war as a foreign policy tool. If attacking Iran is deemed necessary, Israel must wait for an American green light. A unilateral Israeli strike could ultimately spark World War III.
3 The dream of security produces apocalypse– constructions of existential risk produce the annihilation they are meant to escape Pever Coviello, Prof. of English @ Bowdoin, 2k Queer Frontiers, p. 39-40 Perhaps. But to claim that American culture is at present decisively postnuclear is not AND or otherwise, seems a civic initiative that can scarcely be done without.
Alternative – Reject the affirmative’s security logic – only resistance to the discourse of security can generate genuine political thought Mark Neocleous, Prof. of Government @ Brunel, 2008 Critique of Security, 185-6 The only way out of such a dilemma, to escape the fetish, is AND
it requires us to be brave enough to return the gift."'
4 Mexico is a flagrant and persistent human rights violator- you have a moral obligation to shun- further engagement supports the violations and sanctions evil HRW 13 Human Rights Watch, the world’s leading independent organizations dedicated to defending and protecting human rights. By focusing international attention where human rights are violated, we give voice to the oppressed and hold oppressors accountable for their crimes. Our rigorous, objective investigations and strategic, targeted advocacy build intense pressure for action and raise the cost of human rights abuse, 2/20, http://www.hrw.org/print/reports/2013/02/20/mexicos-disappeared-0, “Mexico's Disappeared,” ADM When Enrique Peña Nieto took office on December 1, 2012, he inherited a AND to find the missing and bring those responsible for their disappearances to justice.
PESO Peso is strong now-Moody upgraded mexico wedenesday-solves the entire aff- secondary reforms are also k2 the peso Murray 2-5-14 (Christine, yahoo finance staff writer “Moody's upgrades Mexico to coveted A grade sovereign rating” http://finance.yahoo.com/news/moodys-upgrades-mexico-coveted-grade-195032595.html, CS) Mexico became only the second country in Latin America to earn a coveted "A AND Alberto Ramos, senior Latin America economist at Goldman Sachs in New York.
Insiders say secondary reforms will pass-but it’s a fight-independently a focus link Mayen 2-5-14 (VÍCTOR MAYÉN, staff writer for prestigious mexican news agency, “Senate promises action on reforms” http://www.thenews.com.mx/index.php/mexico-articulos/18518-senate-promises-action-on-reforms, CS) Senate President Raúl Cervantes Andrade said on Tuesday that discussion is ready to begin on AND responsibilities that we have to process during this period of ordinary legislative sessions.”
Cooperation with the U.S. makes Nieto lose support from strong nationalistic populous--recent U.S. failures reinvigorated this sentiment—their link turns don’t assume recent US failures Miroff, 5/14 Correspondent @ Washington post, expertise in Latin America; graduate @ UC Berkeley in Journalism; studied Spanish and Latin American Literature at UC Santa Cruz (Nick, May 14th, 2013 Washington Post “In Mexico, restrictions on U.S. agents signal drug war shift” http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-05-14/world/39250614_1_calderon-years-mexican-security-forces-better-results)//JES His move to rein in American agents has been mostly depicted by analysts in terms AND forces by seeming to favor the marines over its army and federal police.
Secondary reforms are key to Pemex and Mexican growth-PC is key HIR 1-30-14 (Harvard Internation Review, news at that college in Cambridge, “Mexico’s Secondary Energy Reforms” http://hir.harvard.edu/blog/visitor/mexico-s-secondary-energy-reforms, CS) The reforms make multiple changes to Pemex and the energy sector, including:¶ The AND , or whether they will bring wealth and prosperity to the Mexican people.
DOLLAR HEG Dollar hegemony and the US ability to borrow remains strong – all trends are positive Stokes, 13 – Professor in International Security and Strategy in the Department of Politics at the University of Exeter (Doug, “Achilles’ deal: Dollar decline and US grand strategy after the crisis” Review of International Political Economy, Taylor and Francis Online)
For declinists, US hegemony and, by implication, the distribution of power within AND foreign banks and investors clamouring for the safe harbour of its oversubscribed treasuries. As such, for the foreseeable future at least, there is simply no alternative AND for the Chinese to continue to participate within the US-led system. It would be hubristic in the extreme to suggest that the current configuration of world AND unlikely to return and which will further exacerbate income inequality in the US. Given the range of options open to the US, coupled with its continued strategic AND US and its debt purchasers remains secure, for now at least.
Even if the US declines, liberal international norms will survive - solves the impact IKENBERRY 11 – (May/June issue of Foreign Affairs, G. John, PhD, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, “The Future of the Liberal World Order,” http://www.foreignaffairs.com/ articles/67730/g-john-ikenberry/the-future-of-the-liberal-world-order?page=show) For all these reasons, many observers have concluded that world politics is experiencing not AND and prosperity that it has provided since the middle of the twentieth century.
No Asian instability or war Desker 8 6/25, *Barry Desker: dean of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, NTU and writes for The Strait Times, “Why war is unlikely in Asia,” http://www.asiaone.com/News/the2BStraits2BTimes/Story/A1Story20080625-72716.html, AJ THE Asia-Pacific region is both a zone of relative insecurity as well as AND societies had to adjust to Western norms and values during the American century.
Yuan appreciation is vital for Chinese economic stability and growth Bloomberg 12 (Bloomberg News. "Geithner Says Yuan Gains Would Aid China Economic Shift" May 3, 2012. www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-05-03/geithner-sees-need-for-1970s-style-shift-in-china-economy.html) VP
U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy F. Geithner said further appreciation in the AND -in- hand” with the financial crisis and European debt turmoil.
China economic collapse causes WW3- an turns Asian stability hotspot for escalation Plate, 03 - Mr. Plate is a member of the Pacific Council on International Policy, the Century Association of New York and the Phi Beta Kappa Society (Tom Plate, “Why Not Invade China” Asia Pacific Media Networks, 6/30, http://asiamedia.ucla.edu/TomPlate2003/06302003.htm)//JS But imagine a China disintegrating -- on its own, without neo-con or AND con insanity is more of a danger to the Bush presidency than China.
The United States federal government shall offer to phase out a substantial portion of its economic restrictions toward Cuba, if and only if Cuba agrees to negotiate a bilateral investment treaty to address expropriation claims of United States nationals.
Conditioning the plan on a BIT to resolve property issues allows the U.S. to save face internationally while encouraging investment in Cuba – Vietnam empirically proves solvency MOWRY ’99 (David; article was written while David was a J.D. Candidate at Brooklyn Law School. He is currently Senior Counsel for the Xerox Corporation and in the past has been a Senior Associate for Nixon Peabody and Associate for Coudert Brothers, “Lifting the Embargo Against Cuba Using Vietnam as a Model: A Policy Paper for Modernity,” 25 Brooklyn J. Int’l L. 229, l/n) ww
Although an entire world separates Vietnam and Cuba, there are interesting parallels and distinctions AND be realized and the Western Hemisphere could eventually be without a Communist economy.
Iran and the U.S. cooperating now on property issues, but incentives are key MOSK 11/19 (Richard M.; one of the original justices on the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal and current justice on the California Court of Appeal, “It’s Possible to Work With Iran,” Los Angeles Times, 2013) ww
Since the Nov. 4, 1979, takeover of the U.S. AND The leverage of economic sanctions and the threat of force fulfill this function.
Plan sets a precedent that encourages other countries to avoid compensation WALLACE ’95 (David W.; Chairman – Joint Committee on Cuban Claims on S. 381, the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act of 1995--Submitted to the Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere and Peace Corps Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate, 6/14, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-1995-10-11/html/CREC-1995-10-11-pt1-PgS15005.htm)
It is our position that lifting the embargo prior to resolution of the claims issue AND to the Department's ability ultimately to effect a just resolution of this issue.
Success of the tribunal key to U.S.-Iran relations CHRISTOPHER and MOSK ‘7 (Warren; Former Secretary of State, and Richard M.; former judge on the claims tribunal, “The Iranian Hostage Crisis and the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal: Implications for International Dispute Resolution and Diplomacy,” Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal, v. 7 i. 2) ww
International arbitration involving governments, even under the best of circumstances, has had mixed AND States and Iran have had overt relations and maintained a place for contact.
U.S.-Iran Relations Key to Middle East and Central Asian Stability AMIRAHMADI ‘4 (Hooshang; author of several books on Iran and Professor of Urban Planning – Rutgers University, “The Iranian Parliamentary Elections and US-Iran relations,” AIC Insight, no. 1, March, http://www.payvand.com/news/04/apr/1188.html) ww
The American national interest would also be well served by the normalization of relations with AND stability and sustainable independence of the states in the Central Asia and Caucasus.
Mid-East instability causes extinction RUSSELL ‘9 (James A.; Senior Lecturer in National Security Affairs – Naval Postgraduate School, “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East” IFRI, Proliferation Papers, #26, Spring, http://www.ifri.org/downloads/PP26_Russell_2009.pdf) ww
Strategic stability in the region is thus undermined by various factors: (1) AND the peoples of the region, with substantial risk for the entire world.
2 The United States federal government should: -Should close Guantanamo detention center. And return the entire naval base to Cuba. --Sign the Kyoto Protocol -Join the International Criminal Court -Ratify International Human Rights treaties, including but not limited to, 1990 Convention on the Rights of the Child. -should ratify the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. - back Brazil’s bid to become a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council -remove Cuba from the State Department’s list of State Sponsors of Terror.
6.3 How would the international community react? At international level all major AND it would be interpreted by the international community as steps towards effective multilateralism.
CTBT ratification is needed for mutlilat globally Joseph ‘9 (Jofi Joseph is a senior Democratic foreign policy staffer in the United States Senate, “Renew the Drive for CTBT Ratification”, April 2009, Washington Quarterly, http://www.twq.com/09april/docs/09apr_Joseph.pdf, CMR)
Senate ratification of the CTBT matters because it would be hailed as a renewed U AND and enrichment technology or automatic sanctions against states that violate their IAEA obligations. 3 A. Interpretation – Removing sanctions is a form of appeasement Stern 6 (Martin, University of Maryland Graduate, Debunking detente, 11/27/06, http://www.diamondbackonline.com/article_56223e79-7009-56a3-8afe-5d08bfff6e08.html) Appeasement is defined as "granting concessions to potential enemies to maintain peace." Giving Iran international legitimacy and removing sanctions would have maintained peace with a potential enemy without changing the undemocratic practices of the enemy. If this isn't appeasement, I don't know how better to define the word.
B. Violation – they remove restrictions – that’s appeasement and not engagement
C. Prefer our interpretation –
Limits – infinite amount of restrictions the Aff can remove and justifies tariffs of-the-week Affs– explodes Neg research burden
2. Ground – means they can spike out of all links based off of increasing engagement – kills spending and politics
3. Effects T is an Independent Voter –the Aff gets advantages off of removing the embargo, NOT increasing engagement, proves the resolution insufficient
4 Cuban sustainable urban agriculture is a global model that’s spurring worldwide adoption Ergas, 13 – graduate student in sociology at the University of Oregon (Christina, Monthly Review, March, “Cuban Urban Agriculture as a Strategy for Food Sovereignty” http://monthlyreview.org/2013/03/01/cuban-urban-agriculture-as-a-strategy-for-food-sovereignty The agricultural revolution in Cuba has ignited the imaginations of people all over the world AND and is worth investigating not just for their innovations, but for inspiration.
Lifting sanctions means agribusiness has a free hand to destroy Cuba’s ag model – maintaining sanctions are vital to resisting ag neoliberalism Gonzalez, 4 - Associate Professor, Seattle University School of Law (Carmen, “WHITHER GOES CUBA? PROSPECTS FOR ECONOMIC and SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PART II OF II: Trade Liberalization, Food Security, and the Environment: The Neoliberal Threat to Sustainable Rural Development” 14 Transnat'l L. and Contemp. Probs. 419, lexis) The greatest challenge to Cuba's unique agricultural experiment is the eventual renewal of trade relations AND and ecological sustainability, and to explore alternative strategies for sustainable rural development.
Cuban ag key to solve extinction Peters, 10 – LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)
An adequate food supply is essential for the survival of the human race. Historically AND of the population currently lacks access to land on which to grow food. In the face of environmental, economic, and social equity challenges, it is AND urban areas with access to an adequate supply of fresh, nutritious food.
MULTILAT Lifting the embargo is appeasement and spreads socialism globally Brookes, 9 - Senior Fellow, National Security Affairs at the Heritage Foundation (Peter, “Keep the Embargo, O” 4/16, http://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2009/04/keep-the-embargo-o) In another outreach to roguish regimes, the Obama administration on Monday announced the easing AND communist regime, we should hold firm onto the leverage the embargo provides.
LA socialism causes extinction -prolif -econ collapse -disease -poverty -latin American instability Manwaring ‘5, General Douglas MacArthur Chair and Prof of Military Strategy @ U.S. Army War College, Ret U.S. Army Colonel, Adjunct Professor of International Politics @ Dickinson College (Max G, October, Venezuela’s Hugo Chavez, Bolivarian Socialism, and Asymmetric Warfare”, Strategic Studies Institute, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB628.pdf) At the same time, President Chávez’s approach to Latin American security and stability requires AND they and their associated problems endanger global security, peace, and prosperity.
Appeasement causes extinction Cohen 3-19 Eliot, Director of Strategic Studies at Johns Hopkins, “Eliot Cohen: American Withdrawal and Global Disorder” The Wall Street Journal, 3/19/13 ln In Mr. Obama's second term the limits of such withdrawal from conventional military commitments AND must, and those with an option hurry up and get nuclear weapons.
Those Orga¬ni¬za¬tions will go on. So will mul¬ti¬lat¬er¬al¬ism. This week is only another AND to deal with the man¬age¬ment of global com¬mons. Guar¬an¬teed to be messy.
Single instances of action do not change international perceptions of the United States. Fettweis 8 (Christopher – professor of political science at Tulane, Credibility and the War on Terror, Political Science Quarterly, Winter) Since Vietnam, scholars have been generally unable to identify cases in which high credibility AND a coherent test; when it was, it almost inevitably failed.40
ETHANOL No impact to warming NIPCC 11 (Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change, “2011 Interim Report from the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change,” http://nipccreport.org/reports/2011/2011report.html) The first period they examined was the Eocene Climatic Optimum (53–51 million AND must be considered little more than guesswork (see also Chapman, 2010).
Ice age is coming now – comparatively outweighs warming and causes extinction – only warming solves Chapman 08 (Phil Chapman, geophysicist and astronautical engineer, bachelor of science degree in Physics and Mathematics from Sydney University, a master of science degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Sorry to ruin the fun, but an ice age cometh,” 4/23/08, The Australian, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/sorry-to-ruin-the-fun-but-an-ice-age-cometh/story-e6frg73o-1111116134873) What is scary about the picture is that there is only one tiny sunspot. AND in the bowels of Christ, think it possible you may be mistaken."
No extinction The Economist, 09 (The Economist, January 15, 2009, “Second life: Biologists debate the scale of extinction in the world’s tropical forests,” http://www.economist.com/node/12926042, Hensel) A RARE piece of good news from the world of conservation: the global extinction AND Once forest cover does start increasing, the rate of extinction should dwindle.
Deforestation is a massive alt cause Cardillo, 06 (Marcel, Division of Biology, Imperial College London, 2006, “Disappearing forests and biodiversity loss: which areas should we protect?,” International Forestry Review Volume 8, Issue 2, http://www.tempoandmode.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/int-forestry-review-june-2006-cardillo.pdf, Hensel) The destruction of forests and other habitats is the single most important cause of biodiversity AND under different modelled scenarios of forest loss to 2020 (Grelle 2005).
Dominant species are more important to ecology than diversity Mokani et al, 08 (Karel, School of Botany and Zoology, Australia National University, *AND Julian Ash, School of Botany and Zoology, Australia National University, *AND Stephen Roxburgh, Bushfire Cooperative Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales and ENSIS, May 7, 2008, “Functional identity is more important than diversity in influencing ecosystem processes in a temperate native grassland,” Journal of Ecology Volume 96, Issue 5, Wiley, Hensel) In conclusion, the results from our study suggest that the traits of the dominant AND deserve the greatest attention when managing communities for the maintenance of ecosystem processes.
NATIONAL SECURITY Zero risk of nuclear terrorism Chapman 12 5/22, *Stephen Chapman is a columnist and editorial writer for the Chicago Tribune, “CHAPMAN: Nuclear terrorism unlikely,” http://www.oaoa.com/articles/chapman-87719-nuclear-terrorism.html, AJ Ever since Sept. 11, 2001, Americans have had to live with the AND , it appears, the worst eventuality is one that will never happen.
What can one say? Four things primarily. First, Possession of nuclear weapons AND troops and squadrons. Their vested interests are in the military's traditional trappings.
New arsenals will be small Seng 98 (Jordan, PhD Candidate in Pol. Sci. – U. Chicago, Dissertation, “Strategy For Pandora's Children: Stable Nuclear Proliferation Among Minor States”, p.203-206)kyan
However, this "state of affairs" is not as dangerous as it might AND launched without a definite, informed and unambiguous decision to press that button.
3/3/14
1NC UGA Round 4
Tournament: UGA | Round: 4 | Opponent: Druid Hills | Judge: DML 1 Civil Society is founded upon a Master/Slave relationship that exploits and alienates the Black Body and causes gratuitous violence Wilderson 10 (Frank B., Professor of Drama @ UC Irvine- “Red, White, and Black: Cinema and the Structure of U.S. Antagonisms” pg. 9-11 SG) The polemic animating this research stems from (1) my reading of Native and AND occur? The woman at the gates of Columbia University awaits an answer.
White supremacy is a global modality of genocidal violence –Slavery’s operational logic continues today. Reformist measures simply provide fuel for Whiteness Rodriguez ’11 (Dylan, PhD in Ethnic Studies Program of the University of California Berkeley and Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of California Riverside, “The Black Presidential Non-Slave: Genocide and the Present Tense of Racial Slavery”, Political Power and Social Theory Vol. 22, pp. 38-43) To crystallize what I hope to be the potentially useful implications of this provocation toward AND people are incarcerated with the overwhelming consent of white/multiculturalist civil society.
The alternative is to affirm an unflinching paradigmatic analysis of the structures of anti-blackness. Modern revolutionary politics fail because they ignore the subjectivity of the black body Wilderson 10 (Frank B., Professor of Drama @ UC Irvine- “Red, White, and Black: Cinema and the Structure of U.S. Antagonisms”- pg. 7-8- SG) The aim of this book is to embark on a paradigmatic analysis of how dispossession AND , life itself, when looked at through the eyes of the Slave.
2 Economic strategies designed to “win over Venezuela” embolden the regime and wreck opposition momentum- easing up destroys credibility Christy 6-13 (Patrick Christy, senior policy analyst at the Foreign Policy Initiative, The Foreign Policy Intiative, U.S. Overtures to Maduro Hurt Venezuela’s Democratic Opposition, http://www.foreignpolicyi.org/content/us-overtures-maduro-hurt-venezuelaE28099s-democratic-opposition,PS) On the margins of a multilateral summit in Guatemala last week, Secretary of State AND support. It's time the Obama administration rethink this hasty reset with Maduro.
A collapse of credibility ignites a host of conflicts - extinction Cohen 3-19 Eliot, Director of Strategic Studies at Johns Hopkins, “Eliot Cohen: American Withdrawal and Global Disorder” The Wall Street Journal, 3/19/13 ln In Mr. Obama's second term the limits of such withdrawal from conventional military commitments AND must, and those with an option hurry up and get nuclear weapons.
3 A. Interpretation - Economic engagement is long-term strategy for promoting structural linkage between two economies Mastanduno, 1 – professor of Government at Dartmouth College (Michael, “Economic Engagement Strategies: Theory and Practice” http://web.archive.org/web/20120906033646/http://polisci.osu.edu/faculty/bpollins/book/Mastanduno.pdf The basic causal logic of economic engagement, and the emphasis on domestic politics, AND chain runs from economic interdependence through domestic political change to foreign policy accommodation.
B. Violation – the plan is an economic inducement since it only focuses on one short-term infrastructure policy – engagement requires trade promotion Celik, 11 – master’s student at Uppsala University (Department of Peace and Conflict Research) (Arda, Economic Sanctions and Engagement Policies http://www.grin.com/en/e-book/175204/economic-sanctions-and-engagement-policies) Literature of liberal school points out that economic engagement policies are significantly effective tools for AND believes in that economic linkages have political transformation potential.(Kroll,1993)
Prefer our interpretation –
Limits – broad interpretations of engagement include anything that affects the economy and this could mean everything
2. Negative ground – trade promotion is vital for a stable mechanism for disad links and counterplan ground
4
A. Interpretation - Engagement is the attempt to influence the political behavior of a state by increasing contacts with that state – economic engagement means using exclusively economic contacts like trade, loans and grants Resnik, 1 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University (Evan, Journal of International Affairs, “Defining Engagement” v54, n2, political science complete)
A REFINED DEFINITION OF ENGAGEMENT In order to establish a more effective framework for dealing AND be shown below, permits the elucidation of multiple types of positive sanctions.
B. Violation – the affirmative uses non-economic instrument as a means of engagement-
C. Prefer our interpretation –
Limits – they explode the topic – blurring the lines between economic and other forms of engagement makes any positive interaction with another country topical. It’s impossible to predict or prepare
2. Neg ground – the economic limit is vital to critiques of economics, trade disads, and non-economic counterplans
3. Precision – it’s key to effective policy analysis Resnik, 1 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University (Evan, Journal of International Affairs, “Defining Engagement” v54, n2, political science complete) In matters of national security, establishing a clear definition of terms is a precondition AND the information necessary to better manage the rogue states of the 21st century.
STRUCTURAL POVERTY Venezuela says no Bercovitch, 7-21-’13 (Sascha, “With “Zero Tolerance to Gringo Aggression,” Maduro Cuts Off Venezuela-U.S. Talks” Venezuela Analysis, http://venezuelanalysis.com/news/9872)//JAG The conversations that were started a month and a half ago between Venezuela and the AND to the US Bernardo Alvarez was expelled from the country several days later.
Nuclear war destroys the environment and causes human extinction- it’s a form of genocide PHILLIPS 2000 (Dr. Allen, Peace Activist, Nuclear Winter Revisited, October, http://www.peace.ca/nuclearwinterrevisited.htm) The 1980's research showed that the dust and the smoke would block out a large AND plenty of evolution after a war, but it may not include us.)
Reps and discourse don't come first or shape reality Taft-Kaufman, 95 (Jill, professor, Department of Speech Communication And Dramatic Arts, at Central Michigan University, Southern Communication Journal, Spring, proquest) The postmodern passwords of "polyvocality," "Otherness," and "difference," unsupported AND political agendas, institutions, agencies, and the budgets that fuel them.
This moral tunnel vision is complicit with the evil they criticize Issac 2, professor of political science at Indiana University, 2002 (Jeffrey, Dissent, Spring, ebsco) As writers such as Niccolo Machiavelli, Max Weber, Reinhold Niebuhr, and Hannah AND not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness.
Predictions avoid a state of permanent emergency. They allow us to reclaim our agency from passivity. Bindé ’00 (Jérôme, Dir. Analysis and Forecasting Office – UNESCO, Public Culture, “Toward an Ethics of the Future”, 12:1, Project Muse) An ethics of the future is not an ethics in the future. If tomorrow AND To paraphrase a common saying, the future delayed is the future denied.
DECOLONIALIZATION Just because discourse caused colonialism does not mean that decolonization discourse will get rid of it --- material focus key Allesi 9 (Ryan, Materiality of Discourses on Decolonization, massthink.wordpress.com/2009/10/20/materiality-of-discourses-on-decolonization/)
This begs the question as to what Mignolo is trying to do. Towards the AND it does not really theorize the relation between the discursive and the material?
Neolib solves the environment-collapse causes extinction Plastow 10 (Robert Plastow, University of Exeter, “Neoliberalism in environmental governance: a paradoxical double movement?”, http://academia.edu/2703516/Neoliberalism_in_environmental_governance_a_paradoxical_double_movement)//lm Neoliberalism has developed into an extremely strong and dynamic ideology within Western capitalist societies and AND conservation, reflecting the power and pervasiveness of its rationality and adoption worldwide.
Neoliberalism prevents violence Ceceña, Professor at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, 2009(Ana Esther, National Autonomous University of Mexico; Director of the ObservatorioLatinoamericano de Geopolítica and active in the Americas Demilitarisation Campaign, “Postneoliberalism and its bifurcations” Development Dialogue Issue 51, http://rosalux-europa.info/userfiles/file/DD51.pdf#page=35)//CS Both things have happened after 30 years of neoliberalism. The voraciousness of the market AND the fury of the people and compels them to burst onto the scene.
3/3/14
1NC UGA Round 6
Tournament: UGA | Round: 6 | Opponent: Batterman | Judge: Pinecrest MM 1 The United States federal government shall offer to (sorry I don’t remember their exact plantext), if and only if Cuba agrees to negotiate a BIT to address expropriation claims of United States nationals.
Conditioning the plan on a BIT to resolve property issues allows the U.S. to save face internationally while encouraging investment in Cuba – Vietnam empirically proves solvency MOWRY ’99 (David; article was written while David was a J.D. Candidate at Brooklyn Law School. He is currently Senior Counsel for the Xerox Corporation and in the past has been a Senior Associate for Nixon Peabody and Associate for Coudert Brothers, “Lifting the Embargo Against Cuba Using Vietnam as a Model: A Policy Paper for Modernity,” 25 Brooklyn J. Int’l L. 229, l/n) ww
Although an entire world separates Vietnam and Cuba, there are interesting parallels and distinctions AND be realized and the Western Hemisphere could eventually be without a Communist economy.
Iran and the U.S. cooperating now on property issues, but incentives are key MOSK 11/19 (Richard M.; one of the original justices on the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal and current justice on the California Court of Appeal, “It’s Possible to Work With Iran,” Los Angeles Times, 2013) ww
Since the Nov. 4, 1979, takeover of the U.S. AND The leverage of economic sanctions and the threat of force fulfill this function.
Plan sets a precedent that encourages other countries to avoid compensation WALLACE ’95 (David W.; Chairman – Joint Committee on Cuban Claims on S. 381, the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act of 1995--Submitted to the Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere and Peace Corps Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate, 6/14, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-1995-10-11/html/CREC-1995-10-11-pt1-PgS15005.htm)
It is our position that lifting the embargo prior to resolution of the claims issue AND to the Department's ability ultimately to effect a just resolution of this issue.
Success of the tribunal key to U.S.-Iran relations CHRISTOPHER and MOSK ‘7 (Warren; Former Secretary of State, and Richard M.; former judge on the claims tribunal, “The Iranian Hostage Crisis and the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal: Implications for International Dispute Resolution and Diplomacy,” Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal, v. 7 i. 2) ww
International arbitration involving governments, even under the best of circumstances, has had mixed AND States and Iran have had overt relations and maintained a place for contact.
U.S.-Iran Relations Key to Middle East and Central Asian Stability AMIRAHMADI ‘4 (Hooshang; author of several books on Iran and Professor of Urban Planning – Rutgers University, “The Iranian Parliamentary Elections and US-Iran relations,” AIC Insight, no. 1, March, http://www.payvand.com/news/04/apr/1188.html) ww
The American national interest would also be well served by the normalization of relations with AND stability and sustainable independence of the states in the Central Asia and Caucasus.
Mid-East instability causes extinction RUSSELL ‘9 (James A.; Senior Lecturer in National Security Affairs – Naval Postgraduate School, “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East” IFRI, Proliferation Papers, #26, Spring, http://www.ifri.org/downloads/PP26_Russell_2009.pdf) ww
Strategic stability in the region is thus undermined by various factors: (1) AND the peoples of the region, with substantial risk for the entire world.
2
The status quo is hardline policies toward Cuba – Obama’s rhetoric hasn’t changed anything Kovalik 6-28 Dan, Senior Associate with the AFL-CIO, Citing Lamrani, a US-Cuba relations expert “Trying to Destroy the Danger of a Good Example: The Unrelenting Economic War on Cuba” 6/28/13 http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/06/28/the-unrelenting-economic-war-on-cuba/ Imagine then, what Cuba could do if the U.S. blockade were AND — vowed to end support for, and joint work, with Cuba.
The plan is surrender – it emboldens global regimes and collapses US influence Brooks ‘9 Senior fellow for National Security Affairs in the Davis Institute at The Heritage Foundation. (Peter – Heritage foundation “Keep the Embargo, O“ April 16, 2009 http://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2009/04/keep-the-embargo-o)//EB
In another outreach to roguish regimes, the Obama administration on Monday announced the easing AND communist regime, we should hold firm onto the leverage the embargo provides.
A collapse of credibility ignites a host of conflicts - extinction Cohen 3-19 Eliot, Director of Strategic Studies at Johns Hopkins, “Eliot Cohen: American Withdrawal and Global Disorder” The Wall Street Journal, 3/19/13 ln In Mr. Obama's second term the limits of such withdrawal from conventional military commitments AND must, and those with an option hurry up and get nuclear weapons.
3 They spend their lives trying to create a perfect world, so that they can live satisfied lives; it is in the product, and not the process that they find value. This engenders hatred for life. Paul Saurette, PhD in political theory at John Hopkins U, in 96 "I mistrust all systematizers and avoid them': Nietzshce, Arendt and the Crisis of the Will to Order in INternational Relations Theory." Millenium Journal of International Studies. Vol. 25 no. 1 page 3-6 The Will to Order and Politics-as-Making The Philosophical Foundation of the Will to Truth/Order •. I mistrust all systematizers and avoid them. A will to a system is a lack .of ! integrity." According to Nietzsche, the philosophical foundation of a society is the set of ideas AND , the Will to Order becomes .the fundamental philosophical principle of modernity.
The alternative is the demonic question – the ballot is an answer to the question “do you desire this innumerable times more” – do nothing in the case of the plan and vote neg to say yes Nietzsche, ’87 (Friedrich Wilhelm, 1887, The Gay Science, “The greatest weight,” Aphorism 341) What, if some day or night a demon were to steal after you into AND life to crave nothing more fervently than this ultimate eternal confirmation and seal?
4
A. Interpretation - Engagement is the attempt to influence the political behavior of a state by increasing contacts with that state – economic engagement means using exclusively economic contacts like trade, loans and grants Resnik, 1 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University (Evan, Journal of International Affairs, “Defining Engagement” v54, n2, political science complete)
A REFINED DEFINITION OF ENGAGEMENT In order to establish a more effective framework for dealing AND be shown below, permits the elucidation of multiple types of positive sanctions.
in•crease in kr?ss transitive and intransitive verb (past and past participle in•creased, present participle in•creas•ing, 3rd person present singular in•creas•es)Definition: make or become larger or greater: to become, or make something become, larger in number, quantity, or degree noun (plural in•creas•es)
B. Violation – the affirmative uses leases which are non-economic instruments as a means of engagement and they don’t increase they re-negotiate
C. Prefer our interpretation –
Limits – they explode the topic – blurring the lines between economic and other forms of engagement makes any positive interaction with another country topical. It’s impossible to predict or prepare-justifies negative state action doubles the topic
2. Neg ground – the economic limit is vital to critiques of economics, trade disads, and non-economic counterplans-all our links are based off of increases not decreases
3. Precision – it’s key to effective policy analysis Resnik, 1 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University (Evan, Journal of International Affairs, “Defining Engagement” v54, n2, political science complete) In matters of national security, establishing a clear definition of terms is a precondition AND the information necessary to better manage the rogue states of the 21st century.
OTHER DEFENSE
Congress heavily funds programs fighting NTDs now USAID 12(USAID, U.S Agency for International Development, September 25, 2012, USAID Neglected Tropical Diseases Program Funding Allocations by Fiscal Year, http://www.neglecteddiseases.gov/funding/index.html) ch On March 23, 2011 the Fiscal Year (FY) 2012 Congressional Budget Justification AND began in Fiscal Year 2006, to a total of $301 million.
LEASING DEFENSE No risk of war and no escalation in the South China Sea Richardson 6/28/12 (Michael Richardson, visiting senior research fellow at the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies in Singapore, “China’s Iron Fist in a Velvet Glove,” The Japan Times, http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/eo20120628mr.html, Sawyer) SINGAPORE — China could easily grab control of the disputed Scarborough Shoal fishing grounds in AND for the top posts cannot afford to appear weak in upholding national unity.
Mutual interests prevent escalation and shutting down SLOCs -- no one will risk it. Gupta, ‘11 Rukmani, Associate Fellow at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses in New Delhi, 10-23, “South China Sea Conflict? No Way,” http://the-diplomat.com/2011/10/23/south-china-sea-conflict-no-way/?all=true The South China Sea issue – and China’s position on it – have been the AND as attempts to exaggerate claims so as to secure a better negotiating stance.
No risk of Asian war – stability now Desker 8 6/25, *Barry Desker: dean of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, NTU and writes for The Strait Times, “Why war is unlikely in Asia,” http://www.asiaone.com/News/the2BStraits2BTimes/Story/A1Story20080625-72716.html, AJ THE Asia-Pacific region is both a zone of relative insecurity as well as AND societies had to adjust to Western norms and values during the American century.
Neoliberalism and Economic Globalization The goal of neoliberal economic globalization is the removal of all AND They would then be in a better position to compete in international markets.
Vote neg to interrogate neoliberal economic engagement with LA from knowledge production. Walsh 12, Estudios Culturales Latinoamericanos de la Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, 2012 (Catherine, “The Politics of Naming”, Cultural Studies, 26.1, Project Muse)
Cultural Studies, in our project, is constructed and understood as more than a AND Studies is only one of our options, and part of the politics of The United States federal government shall offer to end its embargo on Cuba, if and only if Cuba agrees to negotiate a bilateral investment treaty to address expropriation claims of United States nationals.
Conditioning the plan on a BIT to resolve property issues allows the U.S. to save face internationally while encouraging investment in Cuba – Vietnam empirically proves solvency MOWRY ’99 (David; article was written while David was a J.D. Candidate at Brooklyn Law School. He is currently Senior Counsel for the Xerox Corporation and in the past has been a Senior Associate for Nixon Peabody and Associate for Coudert Brothers, “Lifting the Embargo Against Cuba Using Vietnam as a Model: A Policy Paper for Modernity,” 25 Brooklyn J. Int’l L. 229, l/n) ww
Although an entire world separates Vietnam and Cuba, there are interesting parallels and distinctions AND be realized and the Western Hemisphere could eventually be without a Communist economy.
Iran and the U.S. cooperating now on property issues, but incentives are key MOSK 11/19 (Richard M.; one of the original justices on the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal and current justice on the California Court of Appeal, “It’s Possible to Work With Iran,” Los Angeles Times, 2013) ww
Since the Nov. 4, 1979, takeover of the U.S. AND The leverage of economic sanctions and the threat of force fulfill this function.
Plan sets a precedent that encourages other countries to avoid compensation WALLACE ’95 (David W.; Chairman – Joint Committee on Cuban Claims on S. 381, the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act of 1995--Submitted to the Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere and Peace Corps Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate, 6/14, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-1995-10-11/html/CREC-1995-10-11-pt1-PgS15005.htm)
It is our position that lifting the embargo prior to resolution of the claims issue AND to the Department's ability ultimately to effect a just resolution of this issue.
Success of the tribunal key to U.S.-Iran relations CHRISTOPHER and MOSK ‘7 (Warren; Former Secretary of State, and Richard M.; former judge on the claims tribunal, “The Iranian Hostage Crisis and the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal: Implications for International Dispute Resolution and Diplomacy,” Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal, v. 7 i. 2) ww
International arbitration involving governments, even under the best of circumstances, has had mixed AND States and Iran have had overt relations and maintained a place for contact.
U.S.-Iran Relations Key to Middle East and Central Asian Stability AMIRAHMADI ‘4 (Hooshang; author of several books on Iran and Professor of Urban Planning – Rutgers University, “The Iranian Parliamentary Elections and US-Iran relations,” AIC Insight, no. 1, March, http://www.payvand.com/news/04/apr/1188.html) ww
The American national interest would also be well served by the normalization of relations with AND stability and sustainable independence of the states in the Central Asia and Caucasus.
Mid-East instability causes extinction RUSSELL ‘9 (James A.; Senior Lecturer in National Security Affairs – Naval Postgraduate School, “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East” IFRI, Proliferation Papers, #26, Spring, http://www.ifri.org/downloads/PP26_Russell_2009.pdf) ww
Strategic stability in the region is thus undermined by various factors: (1) AND the peoples of the region, with substantial risk for the entire world.
3 Cuban sustainable urban agriculture is a global model that’s spurring worldwide adoption Ergas, 13 – graduate student in sociology at the University of Oregon (Christina, Monthly Review, March, “Cuban Urban Agriculture as a Strategy for Food Sovereignty” http://monthlyreview.org/2013/03/01/cuban-urban-agriculture-as-a-strategy-for-food-sovereignty The agricultural revolution in Cuba has ignited the imaginations of people all over the world AND and is worth investigating not just for their innovations, but for inspiration.
Lifting sanctions means agribusiness has a free hand to destroy Cuba’s ag model – maintaining sanctions are vital to resisting ag neoliberalism Gonzalez, 4 - Associate Professor, Seattle University School of Law (Carmen, “WHITHER GOES CUBA? PROSPECTS FOR ECONOMIC and SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PART II OF II: Trade Liberalization, Food Security, and the Environment: The Neoliberal Threat to Sustainable Rural Development” 14 Transnat'l L. and Contemp. Probs. 419, lexis) The greatest challenge to Cuba's unique agricultural experiment is the eventual renewal of trade relations AND and ecological sustainability, and to explore alternative strategies for sustainable rural development.
Cuban ag key to solve extinction Peters, 10 – LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)
An adequate food supply is essential for the survival of the human race. Historically AND urban areas with access to an adequate supply of fresh, nutritious food.
4 The only blockade preventing Saudi Arabian proliferation is a strong US security commitment – perception of shifting oil consumption causes proliferation Rogers 3/20 2013 – Will Rogers is the Bacevich Fellow at the Center for a New American Security (CNAS). At CNAS, Mr. Rogers’ research focus is on science, technology and national security policy. He has authored or co-authored a range of publications on energy, climate change, environmental cooperation in Asia and cybersecurity, “America Committed to Gulf Security Despite Changing Relationship with Region's Oil, says Gen. Dempsey,” Center for New American Security, 2013, http://www.cnas.org/blogs/naturalsecurity/2013/03/america-committed-gulf-security-despite-changing-relationship-regions-
America’s relationship with the Middle East’s energy resources is changing as U.S. AND - will have to be managed carefully. What a tightrope to walk.
Second – Cuban production trades-off with US- Mid-East oil ties Alhaiji and Maris ‘4 Dr. A. F. Alhajji is an energy economist and George Patton Chair of Business and Economics at the College of Business Administration at Ohio Northern, Terry L. Maris is the founding executive director of the Center for Cuban. Business Studies and professor of management, “The Future of Cuba’s Energy Sector,” Cuba Today, 2004, http://web.gc.cuny.edu/dept/bildn/publications/cubatodaybookcomplete.pdf#page=105
The current economic, political, and social trends in Cuba indicate that¶ energy AND the US and other oil producing countries, especially in the Middle East.
Tournament: Woodward | Round: 4 | Opponent: Blake NW | Judge: Amar Adam 1 The United States federal government should ratify: -the international covenant on economic, social, and cultural rights - the American convention on human rights - the convention on elimination of all forms of discrimination against women - the convention on the rights of the child -The rio convention on biological diversity -the LOST The United States federal government should sign: -Sign the UNFCCC The United States federal government should -Close Guantanamo bay, return it to Cuba, and implement a release-and-track policy for ex-detainees -remove Cuba from the State Department’s list of State Sponsors of Terror. -Back Brazil’s bid to become a member of the UNSC -Deploy sunshades beyond the earth’s mesosphere
CP solves multilat Bradley 07 (Curtis A. Bradley, Professor of Law and Senior Associate Dean for Faculty and Research at Duke Law School, “Unratified Treaties, Domestic Politics, and the U.S. Constitution” Summer 2007 http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2517andcontext=faculty_scholarship, CS) Throughout its history, AND private international law treaties.6
2 Ukraine politics with a Crimean war impact
3 Disorder and insecurity are inevitable but efforts to control this fear have resulted in the deaths of millions the possibility of our utter annhiliation. Instead seeking this impossible fantasy where we are able to suppress and control conflict—the alternative is to affirm difference. This will allow us the break out of the infinite cycle of violence that created their harms in the first place Der Derian 98 Political Science Professor, University of Massachusetts. James, On Security, ed: Lipschitz, The Value of Security: Hobbes, Marx, Nietzsche, and Baudrillard, Decentering Security. No other concept in international relations packs the metaphysical punch, nor commands the disciplinary AND on the otherness of death, and identities calcifying into a fearful sameness.
The world is inherently relativistic—competing value systems guarantee wars between states. When the mission of statehood goes beyond protection of the state to protection of civilization it escalates warfare by framing others as outside the liberal order William Rasch, Henry H. H. Remak Professor of Germanic Studies at Indiana University, 2003 “Human Rights as Geopolitics,” Cultural Critique 54, 120-147. In the past, we/they, neighbor/foreigner, friend/enemy AND . Those found wanting are banished, as outlaws, from the civilized world
4 Interpretation - Engagement is the attempt to influence the political behavior of a state by increasing contacts with that state – economic engagement means using exclusively economic contacts like trade, loans and grants Resnik, 1 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University (Evan, Journal of International Affairs, “Defining Engagement” v54, n2, political science complete)
A REFINED DEFINITION OF ENGAGEMENT In order to establish a more effective framework for dealing AND be shown below, permits the elucidation of multiple types of positive sanctions.
3. Precision – it’s key to effective policy analysis Resnik, 1 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University (Evan, Journal of International Affairs, “Defining Engagement” v54, n2, political science complete) In matters of national security, establishing a clear definition of terms is a precondition AND the information necessary to better manage the rogue states of the 21st century.
3/23/14
1NC Woodward Semis
Tournament: Woodward | Round: Semis | Opponent: Allen and the Milkshaikh | Judge: Super duper big panel 1 Ukraine aid will pass, but new fights caused by the plan could derail the bill Kim and Everett 3-18 (Seung and Burgess, Politico, Congress pokes along on Ukraine aid, http://www.politico.com/story/2014/03/ukraine-crisis-congress-aid-104789.html)
The Senate proposal not only provides the loan assistance to the new government in Kiev AND disagreements get in the way of passing a package very soon.”
Economic engagement with Mexico’s politically divisive Wilson ’13 Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International. Center for Scholars (Christopher E., January, “A U.S.-Mexico Economic Alliance: Policy Options for a Competitive Region,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf) At a time when Mexico is poised to experience robust economic growth, a manufacturing AND action to support regional exporters more politically divisive than it ought to be.
PC is key to IMF reforms---failure causes Russian aggression Delamaide, Political Capital Writer, 3-5 ( Darrell, 3-5-14 "Political Capital," a weekly column from Washington, D.C. on politics that affect financial markets. A former foreign correspondent and recipient of an Overseas Press Club award, he has written for Barron's, Dow Jones, Institutional Investor, Bloomberg and others. He is an Atlantik Bruecke Fellow, “Capitol dysfunction threatens U.S. national security,” accessed 3-16-14, http://www.marketwatch.com/story/capitol-dysfunction-threatens-us-national-security-2014-03-05)
The crisis in Ukraine, with all its echoes of the cold war, shows AND needs to protect U.S. security interests in the Ukraine crisis.
The events in Ukraine over the last few months, if not years, must AND madness of the nuclear-weapons toting few. The alternative is extinction.
2 Text: The fifty state governments and all relevant territories substantially increase funding to facilitate improved efficiency and reduced congestion at ports of entry along the U.S.-Mexico border.
Solves case and avoids politics FHWA 10 – last date cited, the FHWA is the Federal Highway Administration that runs the CBI (“Fact Sheets on Highway Provisions: COORDINATED BORDER INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM” http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/factsheets/borders.htm) COORDINATED BORDER INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Authorization $123M $145M AND 23 USC 120(c) have a Federal share of 100 percent.
3 Interpretation - Economic engagement is long-term strategy for promoting structural linkage between two economies Mastanduno, 1 – professor of Government at Dartmouth College (Michael, “Economic Engagement Strategies: Theory and Practice” http://web.archive.org/web/20120906033646/http://polisci.osu.edu/faculty/bpollins/book/Mastanduno.pdf The basic causal logic of economic engagement, and the emphasis on domestic politics, AND chain runs from economic interdependence through domestic political change to foreign policy accommodation.
B. Violation – the plan is an economic inducement since it only focuses on one short-term infrastructure policy – engagement requires trade promotion Celik, 11 – master’s student at Uppsala University (Department of Peace and Conflict Research) (Arda, Economic Sanctions and Engagement Policies http://www.grin.com/en/e-book/175204/economic-sanctions-and-engagement-policies) Literature of liberal school points out that economic engagement policies are significantly effective tools for AND believes in that economic linkages have political transformation potential.(Kroll,1993)
Prefer our interpretation –
Limits – broad interpretations of engagement include anything that affects the economy and this could mean everything
2. Negative ground – trade promotion is vital for a stable mechanism for disad links and counterplan ground
4
Disorder and insecurity are inevitable but efforts to control this fear have resulted in the deaths of millions the possibility of our utter annhiliation. Instead seeking this impossible fantasy where we are able to suppress and control conflict—the alternative is to affirm difference. This will allow us the break out of the infinite cycle of violence that created their harms in the first place Der Derian 98 Political Science Professor, University of Massachusetts. James, On Security, ed: Lipschitz, The Value of Security: Hobbes, Marx, Nietzsche, and Baudrillard, Decentering Security. No other concept in international relations packs the metaphysical punch, nor commands the disciplinary AND on the otherness of death, and identities calcifying into a fearful sameness.
The world is inherently relativistic—competing value systems guarantee wars between states. When the mission of statehood goes beyond protection of the state to protection of civilization it escalates warfare by framing others as outside the liberal order William Rasch, Henry H. H. Remak Professor of Germanic Studies at Indiana University, 2003 “Human Rights as Geopolitics,” Cultural Critique 54, 120-147. In the past, we/they, neighbor/foreigner, friend/enemy AND . Those found wanting are banished, as outlaws, from the civilized world
3/30/14
1NC Woodward Semis
Tournament: Woodward | Round: Semis | Opponent: Allen and the Milkshaikh | Judge: Super duper big panel 1 Ukraine aid will pass, but new fights caused by the plan could derail the bill Kim and Everett 3-18 (Seung and Burgess, Politico, Congress pokes along on Ukraine aid, http://www.politico.com/story/2014/03/ukraine-crisis-congress-aid-104789.html)
The Senate proposal not only provides the loan assistance to the new government in Kiev AND disagreements get in the way of passing a package very soon.”
Economic engagement with Mexico’s politically divisive Wilson ’13 Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International. Center for Scholars (Christopher E., January, “A U.S.-Mexico Economic Alliance: Policy Options for a Competitive Region,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf) At a time when Mexico is poised to experience robust economic growth, a manufacturing AND action to support regional exporters more politically divisive than it ought to be.
PC is key to IMF reforms---failure causes Russian aggression Delamaide, Political Capital Writer, 3-5 ( Darrell, 3-5-14 "Political Capital," a weekly column from Washington, D.C. on politics that affect financial markets. A former foreign correspondent and recipient of an Overseas Press Club award, he has written for Barron's, Dow Jones, Institutional Investor, Bloomberg and others. He is an Atlantik Bruecke Fellow, “Capitol dysfunction threatens U.S. national security,” accessed 3-16-14, http://www.marketwatch.com/story/capitol-dysfunction-threatens-us-national-security-2014-03-05)
The crisis in Ukraine, with all its echoes of the cold war, shows AND needs to protect U.S. security interests in the Ukraine crisis.
The events in Ukraine over the last few months, if not years, must AND madness of the nuclear-weapons toting few. The alternative is extinction.
2 Text: The fifty state governments and all relevant territories substantially increase funding to facilitate improved efficiency and reduced congestion at ports of entry along the U.S.-Mexico border.
Solves case and avoids politics FHWA 10 – last date cited, the FHWA is the Federal Highway Administration that runs the CBI (“Fact Sheets on Highway Provisions: COORDINATED BORDER INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM” http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/factsheets/borders.htm) COORDINATED BORDER INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Authorization $123M $145M AND 23 USC 120(c) have a Federal share of 100 percent.
3 Interpretation - Economic engagement is long-term strategy for promoting structural linkage between two economies Mastanduno, 1 – professor of Government at Dartmouth College (Michael, “Economic Engagement Strategies: Theory and Practice” http://web.archive.org/web/20120906033646/http://polisci.osu.edu/faculty/bpollins/book/Mastanduno.pdf The basic causal logic of economic engagement, and the emphasis on domestic politics, AND chain runs from economic interdependence through domestic political change to foreign policy accommodation.
B. Violation – the plan is an economic inducement since it only focuses on one short-term infrastructure policy – engagement requires trade promotion Celik, 11 – master’s student at Uppsala University (Department of Peace and Conflict Research) (Arda, Economic Sanctions and Engagement Policies http://www.grin.com/en/e-book/175204/economic-sanctions-and-engagement-policies) Literature of liberal school points out that economic engagement policies are significantly effective tools for AND believes in that economic linkages have political transformation potential.(Kroll,1993)
Prefer our interpretation –
Limits – broad interpretations of engagement include anything that affects the economy and this could mean everything
2. Negative ground – trade promotion is vital for a stable mechanism for disad links and counterplan ground
4
Disorder and insecurity are inevitable but efforts to control this fear have resulted in the deaths of millions the possibility of our utter annhiliation. Instead seeking this impossible fantasy where we are able to suppress and control conflict—the alternative is to affirm difference. This will allow us the break out of the infinite cycle of violence that created their harms in the first place Der Derian 98 Political Science Professor, University of Massachusetts. James, On Security, ed: Lipschitz, The Value of Security: Hobbes, Marx, Nietzsche, and Baudrillard, Decentering Security. No other concept in international relations packs the metaphysical punch, nor commands the disciplinary AND on the otherness of death, and identities calcifying into a fearful sameness.
The world is inherently relativistic—competing value systems guarantee wars between states. When the mission of statehood goes beyond protection of the state to protection of civilization it escalates warfare by framing others as outside the liberal order William Rasch, Henry H. H. Remak Professor of Germanic Studies at Indiana University, 2003 “Human Rights as Geopolitics,” Cultural Critique 54, 120-147. In the past, we/they, neighbor/foreigner, friend/enemy AND . Those found wanting are banished, as outlaws, from the civilized world
3/30/14
Alpharetta round 2 1NC
Tournament: Alpharetta | Round: 2 | Opponent: Hooch CM | Judge: 1 CIR will pass-Boehner and Obama agree MacGillis 10/24—(ALEC MACGILLIS is a reporter for the New Republic, OCTOBER 24, 2013, “Seven Reasons To Stop Being Fatalistic About Immigration Reform” http://www.newrepublic.com/article/115341/immigration-reform-may-actually-pass) But the natural optimist in me thinks that the odds for some sort of serious AND . “It’s a self-fulfilling prophecy,” says the Democratic House aide
Congressional opinion on the embargo is mixed—there’d be a fight Hanson, 13 http://www.cfr.org/cuba/us-cuba-relations/p11113U.S.-Cuba Relations¶ Authors: Stephanie Hanson, and Brianna Lee, Senior Production Editor¶ Updated: January 31, 2013JH Ending the economic embargo against Cuba would require congressional approval. Opinions in Congress are AND process risks falling victim to the politics of the issue," says Sweig.
Relations are k2 solve every major impact, including US primacy in Asia, China rise, and Asian instability Armitage et al 10. Richard is the President of Armitage International and former Deputy Secretary of State. R. Nicholas Burns is a Professor in the Practice of Diplomacy and International Politics, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. Richard Fontaine is the President of the Center for New American Security. “Natural Allies: A Blueprint for the Future of U.S.-India Relations,” October, Center for New American Security, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/Burns20-20Natural20Allies.pdf A strengthened U.S.-India strategic partnership is thus imperative in this new AND transform a series of bilateral achievements into a lasting regional and global partnership.
Global nuclear war Landay 00. (Jonathon, National Security and Intelligence Correspondent with 15 Years of Experience for Knight Ridder, “Top administration officials warn stakes for US are high in Asian conflicts,” March 11th, Lexis) Few if any experts think China and Taiwan, North Korea and South Korea, AND no institutionalized security mechanism in place. There are elements for potential disaster."
2
They spend their lives trying to create a perfect world, so that they can live satisfied lives; it is in the product, and not the process that they find value. This engenders hatred for life. Paul Saurette, PhD in political theory at John Hopkins U, in 96 "I mistrust all systematizers and avoid them': Nietzshce, Arendt and the Crisis of the Will to Order in INternational Relations Theory." Millenium Journal of International Studies. Vol. 25 no. 1 page 3-6 The Will to Order and Politics-as-Making The Philosophical Foundation of the Will to Truth/Order •. I mistrust all systematizers and avoid them. A will to a system is a lack .of ! integrity." According to Nietzsche, the philosophical foundation of a society is the set of ideas AND , the Will to Order becomes .the fundamental philosophical principle of modernity.
The alternative is the demonic question – the ballot is an answer to the question “do you desire this innumerable times more” – do nothing in the case of the plan and vote neg to say yes Nietzsche, ’87 (Friedrich Wilhelm, 1887, The Gay Science, “The greatest weight,” Aphorism 341) What, if some day or night a demon were to steal after you into AND life to crave nothing more fervently than this ultimate eternal confirmation and seal?
3 China is rapidly gaining influence in Latin America – renewed engagement pushes them out Mallén 13 Latin America Increases Relations With China: What Does That Mean For The US?, IBT, 6-28, http://www.ibtimes.com/latin-america-increases-relations-china-what-does-mean-us-1317981 As if to confirm the declining hegemony of the United States as the ruling global AND ,” Gallagher observed. “Very soon, it might be too late.”
Influence in Cuba key to China’s overall Latin American agenda. Hearn 09 Adrian, Senior Research Fellow at the University of Sydney, and Kiriyama Research Fellow at the University of San Francisco Center for the Pacific Rim, "China's relations with Mexico and Cuba: A Study of Contrasts" Pacific Rim Report -- No 52 -- January -- usf.usfca.edu/pac_rim/new/research/pacrimreport/pacrimreport52.html China is Cuba’s second largest trading partner after Venezuela, with 2.7 billion AND the region as an external—potentially imperialistic—threat to economic sovereignty.
Key to sustained chinese economic growth CSIS 09 March 2009, Center Strategic and International Studies, “Chinese Soft Power and Its Implications for the United States,” http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/090305_mcgiffert_chinesesoftpower_web.pdf Aware of the benefits of a sophisticated soft-power portfolio, Chinese leaders are AND soft-power strategy in each of the four regions it is active.
CCP instability causes WMD war Renxing 05 (San Renxing, Epoch Times. 8-5-05. “The CCP’s Last-ditch Gamble: Biological and Nuclear War” http://www.theepochtimes.com/news/5-8-5/30931.html) Since the Party’s life is “above all else,” it would not be surprising AND now plans to hold one billion people hostage and gamble with their lives.
4 The United States federal government should offer to phase out a substantial portion of its economic restrictions towards Cuba., if Cuba agrees to negotiate a bilateral investment treaty to address expropriation claims of United States nationals.
Conditioning the plan on a BIT to resolve property issues allows the U.S. to save face internationally while encouraging investment in Cuba – Vietnam empirically proves solvency MOWRY ’99 (David; article was written while David was a J.D. Candidate at Brooklyn Law School. He is currently Senior Counsel for the Xerox Corporation and in the past has been a Senior Associate for Nixon Peabody and Associate for Coudert Brothers, “Lifting the Embargo Against Cuba Using Vietnam as a Model: A Policy Paper for Modernity,” 25 Brooklyn J. Int’l L. 229, l/n) ww
Although an entire world separates Vietnam and Cuba, there are interesting parallels and distinctions AND settling the expropriation issue with the United States are examined. *232 After a war with the United States and the downfall of the Soviet Union, AND of continuing the Cuban embargo today hinges on the issue of expropriations. n21 In the 1990s, the United States cited Communism as the foremost tenet of conflict AND be realized and the Western Hemisphere could eventually be without a Communist economy.
Mr. Chairman, I appreciate the opportunity to be able to testify before your subcommittee in behalf of Congressman Ireland's bill, House Joint Resolution 355. This legislation, in expressing the sense of the Congress, would require payment in full plus interest on claims of U.S. Nationals for properties seized by the Castro regime. As you know, I have introduced similar legislation-Senate Joint Resolution 87-in the Senate. With Cuban troops involved in military adventures in Africa, not to mention heightened Cuban activity in Central America and the Caribbean, it is highly unlikely that the U.S. could justifiably discuss normalizing relations with the Castro regime at this time. And certainly the weight of moral imperatives leaves no room for future debate on the AND of U.S. property expropriated by all other Communist governments combined. These seizures have not only affected the larger corporate property owners, but have hurt many small owners as well. For although corporate holdings doubtlessly constitute the largest dollar amount, 66 percent of the 7,740 claims certified by the Claims Commission are for $10,000 or less; 87 percent are for $50,000 or less. However unlikely a change of heart on the part of the Castro regime seems at this point, should Cuba decide to reverse its adventuristic policies, release its political prisoners and press for genuine reconciliations, I believe it is important that this Government be on record in support of full payment plus interest on these certified claims. All too often it seems as if U.S. negotiators sit down at the bargaining table after having modified their bargaining position to such an extent as to leave us with no leverage at all. If the economic embargo against the Cuban regime is lifted without satisfactory arrangements in place for the settlement of certified U.S. claims, I fear there is little chance these claims will ever be paid. That is why I am convinced that Congress must impress on the President our strong conviction that these just, certified claims must be settled as a central prior issue to substantive discussions. Thank you.
Those Orga¬ni¬za¬tions will go on. So will mul¬ti¬lat¬er¬al¬ism. This week is only another AND to deal with the man¬age¬ment of global com¬mons. Guar¬an¬teed to be messy.
Zero risk of nuclear terrorism Chapman 12 5/22, *Stephen Chapman is a columnist and editorial writer for the Chicago Tribune, “CHAPMAN: Nuclear terrorism unlikely,” http://www.oaoa.com/articles/chapman-87719-nuclear-terrorism.html, AJ Ever since Sept. 11, 2001, Americans have had to live with the AND , it appears, the worst eventuality is one that will never happen.
Squo solves---defense capabilities Daniel 12 2/16, *Lisa Daniel: American Forces Press Service, Defense News, “U.S. Faces Broad Spectrum of Threats, Intel Leaders Say,” http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=67231, AJ Intelligence shows the next three years will be a critical transition time in counterterrorism, AND . But that could change as governments become more unstable, he added.
GHG warming is key to prevent an ice age which risks extinction Hoyle and Wickramashinge 01 (Fred and Chandra, School of Mathematics @ Cardiff U. renowned as one of the twentieth century's great scientific thinkers theoretical physics and astronomy, Astrophysics and Space Science leading expert on interstellar material and the origins of life, “Cometary Impacts and Ice-Ages”, Vol. 275, No. 4, March, Springer) The 18O/16O analysis of Greenland ice cores shows that an immense melting of AND unless Man finds an effective way to maintain a suitably large greenhouse effect.
No impact to warming NIPCC 11 (Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change, “2011 Interim Report from the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change,” http://nipccreport.org/reports/2011/2011report.html) The first period they examined was the Eocene Climatic Optimum (53–51 million AND must be considered little more than guesswork (see also Chapman, 2010).
BIO D No extinction The Economist, 09 (The Economist, January 15, 2009, “Second life: Biologists debate the scale of extinction in the world’s tropical forests,” http://www.economist.com/node/12926042, Hensel) A RARE piece of good news from the world of conservation: the global extinction AND Once forest cover does start increasing, the rate of extinction should dwindle.
Dominant species are more important to ecology than diversity Mokani et al, 08 (Karel, School of Botany and Zoology, Australia National University, *AND Julian Ash, School of Botany and Zoology, Australia National University, *AND Stephen Roxburgh, Bushfire Cooperative Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales and ENSIS, May 7, 2008, “Functional identity is more important than diversity in influencing ecosystem processes in a temperate native grassland,” Journal of Ecology Volume 96, Issue 5, Wiley, Hensel) In conclusion, the results from our study suggest that the traits of the dominant AND deserve the greatest attention when managing communities for the maintenance of ecosystem processes.
FOOD PRICES Food price impacts exaggerated – experts agree BBC 12 (October 15th, Food price crisis: What crisis?, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-19715504) And yet most experts agree the situation is nothing like as dire as it was AND 2008," says Marc Sadler, senior agriculture economist at the World Bank.
Farmers and governments check high food prices Wang 12 (Weijing; Are High Food Prices Good or Bad? http://asia.ifad.org/web/china/blogs/-/blogs/are-high-food-prices-good-or bad?p_p_auth=mnKY6vAoandp_r_p_564233524_catego ryId=0and_33_redirect=http3A2F2Fasia.ifad.org2Fweb2Fchina2Fblogs3Fp _p_auth3DmnKY6vAo26p_p_id3D3326p_p_lifecycle3D026p_p_col_id3Dcolumn-226p_p_col_count3D426p_r_ p_564233524_categoryId3D0and) HS People normally think high food prices are bad, or at least bad to net AND the community, the producers and the consumers prevent and prepare for it?
Food price spikes inevitable – speculation and droughts outweigh production disproves the impact Lagi and Bar-Yam ‘12 Marco Lagi, Yavni Bar-Yam and Yaneer Bar-Yam, researchers at MIT’s New England Complex Systems Institute; “UPDATE July 2012 — The Food Crises: The US Drought;” July 23, 2012; publ. by New England Complex Systems Institute http://necsi.edu/research/social/foodprices/updatejuly2012/food_prices_july_2012.pdf RMJ Recent droughts in the midwestern United States threaten to cause global catastrophe driven by a AND immediate concerns though its e?ect is subject to speculator driven band wagon e?ects.
10/26/13
ERROR
Tournament: GFCA Second Year State Championship at Lassiter High School | Round: Octas | Opponent: Johns Creek KL | Judge: J Lane Bearden, Katie Marshall, Tommy Jordan ERROR
2/9/14
Wake round 1 1NC
Tournament: Wake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Johns Creek LT | Judge: Note: Donand#39;t have petrochem CP cites, it was their solvency card- check the Tang/Loftus wiki FIRST OFF
War weary US lawmakers earned a stunning victory on Saturday as President Barack Obama bowed AND use and#34;every ounce of political capital that he has to sell this.and#34;
US-Mexico energy cooperation’s controversial CFR ’12 standing committee of the United States Senate (12/21, “OIL, MEXICO, AND THE TRANSBOUNDARY AGREEMENT,” http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT77567/html/CPRT-112SPRT77567.htm) The TBA further contains requirements of data sharing and notification of likely reserves between the AND Gulf of Mexico or in case of significant disruptions to global oil supplies.
After putting a decision to launch military strikes on Syria into the hands of Congress AND and its efforts in the region should support this action,and#34; he said.
Iranian adventurism sparks nuclear war Ben-Meir, 2/6/2007 (Alon – professor of international relations at the Center for Global Affairs, Ending iranian defiance, United Press International, p. lexis)
That Iran stands today able to challenge or even defy the United States in every AND to warn Iran of the severe consequences of not halting its nuclear program.
The gathering storm in the Middle East is gaining momentum. War clouds are on AND is not sustainable and one the Iranian leadership looks to with imperial exhilaration.
SECOND OFF
China is rapidly gaining influence in Latin America – renewed engagement pushes them out Mallén 13 Latin America Increases Relations With China: What Does That Mean For The US?, IBT, 6-28, http://www.ibtimes.com/latin-america-increases-relations-china-what-does-mean-us-1317981 As if to confirm the declining hegemony of the United States as the ruling global AND ,” Gallagher observed. “Very soon, it might be too late.”
Key to sustained chinese economic growth CSIS 09 March 2009, Center Strategic and International Studies, “Chinese Soft Power and Its Implications for the United States,” http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/090305_mcgiffert_chinesesoftpower_web.pdf Aware of the benefits of a sophisticated soft-power portfolio, Chinese leaders are AND soft-power strategy in each of the four regions it is active.
Slowdown causes an aggressive China – risks war and undercuts cooperation on a laundry list Krawitz 10 Howard M., Visiting Senior Fellow @ NDU, former Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, “China’s trade opening and implications for regional stability” The People’s Liberation Army and China in Transition – National Defense University Press -- http://www.scribd.com/doc/3099389/the-peoples-liberation-army-and-china-in-transition A strong services sector, and the millions of jobs it will create, would AND even becoming more involved in curbing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
THIRD OFF Text: The United States federal government should substantially increase its investment in a national network of liquid fluorine thorium nuclear energy reactors.
The plan solves fossil fuel dependence – expertise and empirics prove Cowan 10 (Aaron, The Examiner, internally cites Dr. Carlo Rubbia, an Italian particle physicist who won the 1984 Nobel Prize in Physics, graduate of Scuola Normale in Italy, PhD in physics from Columbia University, former President of the National Agency for Atomic Energy, August 30, 2010, “Thorium could replace oil and coal in five years says Nobel prize winner,” http://www.examiner.com/article/thorium-could-replace-oil-and-coal-five-years-says-nobel-prize-winner, alp) Particle physicist and Nobel prize winner Carlo Rubbia claims that mankind could get all its AND due to the governmentand#39;s current willingness to provide funding for nuclear projects again.
Muddling on with the status quo is not a grown-up policy. The AND way to pull the US out of perma-slump than scattershot stimulus.
9/7/13
Wake round 4 1NC
Tournament: Wake | Round: 4 | Opponent: Catholic Central | Judge: Topicality A. Interpretation – Removing sanctions is a form of appeasement Stern 6 (Martin, University of Maryland Graduate, Debunking detente, 11/27/06, http://www.diamondbackonline.com/article_56223e79-7009-56a3-8afe-5d08bfff6e08.html) Appeasement is defined AND define the word.
Kritik US fails to understand oppressive impacts of capitalism on Cuban society LaFeber, Marie Underhill Noll Professor Emeritus of History and a Stephen H. Weiss Presidential Fellow in the Department of History at Cornell University, one of the United Statesand#39; most distinguished historians 93 -- (Walter, “Inevitable Revolutions: The United States in Central America”, 1/17/93, http://books.google.com/books/about/Inevitable_Revolutions.html?id=RqMp5TsWCqkC)//AS
The need of Cubans and Central Americans to find different means for achieving their version AND the United States accepted it as simply the way of the real world?
Neoliberalism causes poverty, social exclusion, societal disintegration, violence and environmental destruction—threatens humanity De La Barra, Chilean political activist, international consultant and former UNICEF Latin America Public Policy Advisor 07-- (Ximena, “THE DUAL DEBT OF NEOLIBERALISM”, Imperialism, Neoliberalism and Social Struggles in Latin America”, 9/1/09, edited by Dello Bueno and Lara, Brill Online)AS The currently prevailing neoliberal development model has brought with it various technological advances and economic AND , illegal immigrants, etc.) have remained mostly excluded (UNICEF 2001).
Our Alt of “Cubanalismo” solves. This proves Cuba’s key to a global anti-cap model. Fanelli ‘8 Carlo Fanelli – Department of Sociology, York University. Carlo Fanelli is SSHRC Postdoctoral AND 2, No. 1 (November 2008) Pp. 7-16
War weary US lawmakers earned a stunning victory on Saturday as President Barack Obama bowed AND use and#34;every ounce of political capital that he has to sell this.and#34;
Oil spill cooperation with Cuba is INCREDIBLY unpopular and leads to gridlock in Washington Bert and Clayton 12 (Captain Melissa Bert, USCG, 2011-2012 Military Fellow, U.S.Coast Guard, and Blake Clayton, Fellow for Energy and National Security“Addressing the Risk of a Cuban Oil Spill Policy Innovation Memorandum No. 15” ¶ http://www.cfr.org/cuba/addressing-risk-cuban-oil-spill/p27515 AJ) An oil well blowout in Cuban waters would almost certainly require a U.S AND assist Cuba or letting U.S. companies operate in Cuban territory.
After putting a decision to launch military strikes on Syria into the hands of Congress AND and its efforts in the region should support this action,and#34; he said.
Iranian adventurism sparks nuclear war Ben-Meir, 2/6/2007 (Alon – professor of international relations at the Center for Global Affairs, Ending iranian defiance, United Press International, p. lexis)
That Iran stands today able to challenge or even defy the United States in every AND to warn Iran of the severe consequences of not halting its nuclear program.
The gathering storm in the Middle East is gaining momentum. War clouds are on AND is not sustainable and one the Iranian leadership looks to with imperial exhilaration.
China DA China is rapidly gaining influence in Latin America – renewed engagement pushes them out Mallén 13 Latin America Increases Relations With China: What Does That Mean For The US?, IBT, 6-28, http://www.ibtimes.com/latin-america-increases-relations-china-what-does-mean-us-1317981 As if to confirm the declining hegemony of the United States as the ruling global AND ,” Gallagher observed. “Very soon, it might be too late.”
Key to sustained chinese economic growth CSIS 09 March 2009, Center Strategic and International Studies, “Chinese Soft Power and Its Implications for the United States,” http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/090305_mcgiffert_chinesesoftpower_web.pdf Aware of the benefits of a sophisticated soft-power portfolio, Chinese leaders are AND soft-power strategy in each of the four regions it is active.
Slowdown causes an aggressive China – risks war and undercuts cooperation on a laundry list Krawitz 10 Howard M., Visiting Senior Fellow @ NDU, former Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, “China’s trade opening and implications for regional stability” The People’s Liberation Army and China in Transition – National Defense University Press -- http://www.scribd.com/doc/3099389/the-peoples-liberation-army-and-china-in-transition A strong services sector, and the millions of jobs it will create, would AND even becoming more involved in curbing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
9/12/13
Wake round 5 1NC
Tournament: Wake | Round: 5 | Opponent: Traverse City Central | Judge: Manny Herrerra A. Interpretation – Removing sanctions is a form of appeasement Stern 6 (Martin, University of Maryland Graduate, Debunking detente, 11/27/06, http://www.diamondbackonline.com/article_56223e79-7009-56a3-8afe-5d08bfff6e08.html) Appeasement is defined as AND define the word.
China is rapidly gaining influence in Latin America – renewed engagement pushes them out Mallén 13 Latin America Increases Relations With China: What Does That Mean For The US?, IBT, 6-28, http://www.ibtimes.com/latin-america-increases-relations-china-what-does-mean-us-1317981 As if to confirm the declining hegemony of the United States as the ruling global AND ,” Gallagher observed. “Very soon, it might be too late.”
Key to sustained chinese economic growth CSIS 09 March 2009, Center Strategic and International Studies, “Chinese Soft Power and Its Implications for the United States,” http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/090305_mcgiffert_chinesesoftpower_web.pdf Aware of the benefits of a sophisticated soft-power portfolio, Chinese leaders are AND soft-power strategy in each of the four regions it is active.
Slowdown causes an aggressive China – risks war and undercuts cooperation on a laundry list Krawitz 10 Howard M., Visiting Senior Fellow @ NDU, former Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, “China’s trade opening and implications for regional stability” The People’s Liberation Army and China in Transition – National Defense University Press -- http://www.scribd.com/doc/3099389/the-peoples-liberation-army-and-china-in-transition A strong services sector, and the millions of jobs it will create, would AND even becoming more involved in curbing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
War weary US lawmakers earned a stunning victory on Saturday as President Barack Obama bowed AND use and#34;every ounce of political capital that he has to sell this.and#34;
Plan massively unpop – dems and GOP Washington Times ’13 (Washington Times “Administration tepid on end to Castro reign; and#39;Hopefuland#39; democracy is in Cubaand#39;s future” February 26, 2013 Tuesday LexisNexis) In addition, any serious shift in Cuba policy is likely to run up AND , which blocks the lifting of the embargo unless significant democratic reforms are implemented
After putting a decision to launch military strikes on Syria into the hands of Congress AND and its efforts in the region should support this action,and#34; he said.
Iranian adventurism sparks nuclear war Ben-Meir, 2/6/2007 (Alon – professor of international relations at the Center for Global Affairs, Ending iranian defiance, United Press International, p. lexis)
That Iran stands today able to challenge or even defy the United States in every AND to warn Iran of the severe consequences of not halting its nuclear program.
The gathering storm in the Middle East is gaining momentum. War clouds are on AND is not sustainable and one the Iranian leadership looks to with imperial exhilaration.
GHG warming is key to prevent an ice age which risks extinction Hoyle and Wickramashinge 01 (Fred and Chandra, School of Mathematics @ Cardiff U. renowned as one of the twentieth centuryand#39;s great scientific thinkers theoretical physics and astronomy, Astrophysics and Space Science leading expert on interstellar material and the origins of life, “Cometary Impacts and Ice-Ages”, Vol. 275, No. 4, March, Springer) The 18O/16O analysis of Greenland ice cores shows that an immense melting of AND unless Man finds an effective way to maintain a suitably large greenhouse effect.
Solvency: Cuban sustainable urban agriculture is a global model that’s spurring worldwide adoption Ergas, 13 – graduate student in sociology at the University of Oregon (Christina, Monthly Review, March, “Cuban Urban Agriculture as a Strategy for Food Sovereignty” http://monthlyreview.org/2013/03/01/cuban-urban-agriculture-as-a-strategy-for-food-sovereignty The agricultural revolution in Cuba has ignited the imaginations of people all over the world AND and is worth investigating not just for their innovations, but for inspiration.
Lifting sanctions means agribusiness has a free hand to destroy Cuba’s ag model – maintaining sanctions are vital to resisting ag neoliberalism Gonzalez, 4 - Associate Professor, Seattle University School of Law (Carmen, “WHITHER GOES CUBA? PROSPECTS FOR ECONOMIC and SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PART II OF II: Trade Liberalization, Food Security, and the Environment: The Neoliberal Threat to Sustainable Rural Development” 14 Transnatand#39;l L. and Contemp. Probs. 419, lexis) The greatest challenge to Cubaand#39;s unique agricultural experiment is the eventual renewal of trade relations AND and ecological sustainability, and to explore alternative strategies for sustainable rural development.
Cuba’s model of urban agriculture is key to check environmental destruction Peters, 10 – LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf) While urban agriculture was a response to a dramatic crisis in Cuba’s history, through AND a new economy for many Cubans without negatively impacting the environment or society.
Environmental collapse risks extinction Ehrlich and Ehrlich 13 – Professor of Biology and Senior Research Scientist in Biology @ Stanford University (Paul R. Ehrlich (President of the Center for Conservation Biology @ Stanford University) and Anne H. Ehrlich, “Can a collapse of global civilization be avoided?,” Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences, Proc. R. Soc. B 2013 280, published online 9 January 2013)HA Virtually every past civilization has eventually undergone collapse, a loss of socio-political AND of the vast majority of people would disappear. pg. 1-2