Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Georgetown Day WK | Judge: Misael Gonzalez
Text: The United States federal government should substantially increase its human trafficking economic assistance towards Mexico.
The Advantage
Currently, untold numbers of women and children are being unfairly imprisoned by human traffickers along the border—US-Mexico partnership is critical
GARZA 2011 (Rocio, Candidate for Juris Doctor, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, May 2011; A.B. (2005) Harvard University, CARDOZO J. OF INT’L and COMP. LAW, March, www.cjicl.com/uploads/2/9/5/9/2959791/cjicl_19.2_garza_note.pdf?)
On any given...a bilateral partnership.
Sex trafficking embodies a patriarchal form of domination that perpetuates the belief that women should be silent while they suffer
Ditmore, Maternick, and Zapert ’12 (Melissa, Anna, and Katherine, all are research consultants to the Sex Workers Project of the Urban Justice Center, “The Road North: The role of gender, poverty and violence in trafficking from Mexico to the US”, August 2012, pg. 22-25 http://www.ccasa.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/The-Road-North-The-role-of-gender-poverty-and-violence-in-trafficking-from-Mexico-to-the-US.pdf)
Violence against women...over the victim (Castro Soto et al. 2004).
Patriarchy allows for forms of violence that result in war
Hudson et al. 8 Valerie M. Hudson, Professor of Political Science at Brigham Young University, Mary Caprioli is Professor of Political Science at the University of Minnesota–Duluth. Bonnie Ballif-Spanvill is Professor of Psychology and Director of the Womyn’s Research Institute at Brigham Young University. Rose McDermott is Professor of Political Science at Brown University. Chad F. Emmett is Professor of Geography at Brigham Young University, “The Heart of the Matter: The Security of Womyn and the Security of States,” International Security Volume 33, Number 3, Winter 2008/08, Muse.
Theories of political...is that possible?
US-Mexico border is a hub for international trafficking
Seelke, 13 (Clare Ribando Seelke, Specialist in Latin American Affairs; “Trafficking in Persons in Latin America and the Caribbean”; Congressional Research Service, 7/15/13) KD
In many parts...to ¶ Central America (behind drug trafficking).29
A US-Mexico partnership reduces human trafficking and send a signal to get others on board
Garza 11 Candidate for Juris Doctor, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, AB from Harvard (Rocio, 11/1/11, "Addressing Human Trafficking Along the United States-Mexico Border: The Need for a Bilateral Partnership," http://www.cjicl.com/uploads/2/9/5/9/2959791/cjicl_19.2_garza_note.pdf)
Victims on both...in human trafficking.
And there is a government obligation -- inaction is complicit
HRW, 02 (Human Rights Watch, “Trafficking of Migrant Women for Forced Prostitution into Greece”, 2002 – no date given, last ate cited, http://www.hrw.org/legacy/backgrounder/eca/greece/greece_memo_back.htm)
All governments have...third country resettlement. (10)
Waiting for others to act is immoral
Aitken 77 (William, teaches philosophy at Chatham College, World Hunger and Moral Obligation, p 93-94)
Some have maintained...condition for obligation.
Impact Framing
Concerns about political will and resources create a system that perpetuates violence against women
Enloe 04 Cynthia, prof of IR, The Curious Feminist, p. 74
Thus we need...to add "lesbian").
And, the way we frame our policies matters – politics is about unconscious moral values which are created and maintained through rhetoric. Justification matters for effective policymaking
Rockridge Institute 07 “Frames and Framing,” progressive think tank that uses neuroscience and cognitive linguistics to shape argument form and phrasing for progressive values, former website: rockridge institute.org/aboutus/frames-and-framing/index.html, link not active currently
Expressing progressive political...improve political debate.
Be skeptical of impacts that are not certain – probability neglect creates serial policy failure
Sunstein, 2 Distinguished Service Professor, University of Chicago, Law School and Department of Political Science (Cass R. Sunstein, 9/23/2, “Probability Neglect: Emotions, Worst Cases, and Law”, http://www.yalelawjournal.org/pdf/112-1/SunsteinFINAL.pdf)
How should we...issue of probability.
That means you should ignore calls to the “crisis” – Descriptions of peace as the mere absence of war prevent solutions to larger-scale security threats and recreates those problems. A concept of “female security” challenges and overcomes institutionalized IR
Shepherd 09 Laura J. Dept of Political Science and International Studies, U of Birmingham (UK), “Gender, Violence and Global Politics: Contemporary Debates in Feminist Security Studies,” Political Studies Review, V7 I2, Apr
According to conventional...than facilitate understanding.
Predictions about the causes of conflict are impossible – dynamic nature of human interaction makes perfect knowledge unattainable
Bernstein et al 00 Steven Bernstein et al., Richard Ned Lebow, Janice Gross Stein and Steven Weber, University of Toronto, The Ohio State University, University of Toronto and University of California at Berkeley. God Gave Physics the Easy Problems: Adapting Social Science to an Unpredictable World, European Journal of International Relations 2000; 6; 43.
Wars — to continue...any statistical regularities.
International Relations theory will always fail without considering gender
Peterson and Runyan ‘99 (V. Spike and Anne professor of political science at the University of Arizona and professor of women’s studies at Wright State University, “Global Gender Issues”, 2nd edition, p. 14-15, accessed via JSTORE)
Gender issues surface...in the world.
That means policies should default to ethical obligations
David Halloran Lumsdaine, Yale assistant professor of political science, 1993 (Moral Vision in International Politics, pg. 273) http://books.google.com/books id=cjb7KKZnmY4Candpg=PA273andlpg=PA273anddq=22Nations+are+faced+by+a+need+to+anticipate+a+future+that+is+filled+with+uncertainty.+Even+the+possible+contingencies+and+courses+of+action+are+unknown;+knowing+the+probabilities+of+various22andsource=blandots=CrA56fIJazandsig=_Vz8-gksJL3c2AsLrn3j-RxhV_4andhl=enandsa=Xandei=pAP3UdemLo74qAHu04CQAQandved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepageandq=22Nations20are20faced20by20a20need20to20anticipate20a20future20that20is20filled20with20uncertainty.20Even20the20possible20contingencies20and20courses20of20action20are20unknown3B20knowing20the20probabilities20of20various22andf=false
Nations are faced...society’s ethical traditions.
The plan spills over – shapes ALL trafficking policy
Dragiewicz ’08 (Molly, Professor of Feminist Studies at the University of Illinois, “Teaching about Trafficking: Opportunities and Challenges for Critical Engagement”, University of Illinois Press, Feminist Teach vol. 18 no. 3, pgs. 2-3, accessed via JSTORE)
Teachers and students...I see them.