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Colleyville 1AC
Tournament: Colleyville | Round: Octas | Opponent: Coppell BJ | Judge: Halverson, Kersch, Shore Contention 1: Inherency Mexico wants Automatic Information Exchange agreement now, but we’ve yet to say yes Lawton 12 Christopher Lawton, Financial Transparency Coalition: U.S. Should Expand Automatic Exchange Of Tax Information To Mexico http://www.financialtransparency.org/2012/01/31/u-s-should-expand-automatic-exchange-of-tax-information-to-mexico/ 01/31/12 DA- 01/14/14 There is one most obvious way that the U.S. could make its AND , dynamic exchange of deposit account information with its major regional trading partners.
Plan Plan: The United States federal government will create an Automatic Exchange of Information and Trade Transparency Units with Mexico. Contention 2: Solvency Plan solves IFFs Lawton 12 Christopher Lawton, Financial Transparency Coalition: U.S. Should Expand Automatic Exchange Of Tax Information To Mexico http://www.financialtransparency.org/2012/01/31/u-s-should-expand-automatic-exchange-of-tax-information-to-mexico/ 01/31/12 DA- 01/14/14 An agreement on AEI automatic exchange of tax information on accounts could be AND to combating illicit financial activity on the Southern border in all its forms. US tax transparency sets precedent and spills over McIntyre 9 Professor of Law, Wayne State University, Former member and interim chair of the U.N. Subcommitte on Information Exchange (Michael, Tax Notes International, "How to End the Charade of Information Exchange," Volume 56, Number 4, http://faculty.law.wayne.edu/mcintyre/text/mcintyre_articles/Treaties/charade_56TNI.pdf) 10/26/2009 DA- 01/15/14 Mexico surely understands that an agreement for automatic exchange with the United States will induce AND their residents, the Mexican rock down the hill may trigger an avalanche. AEI pressure empirically ensures international compliance – worked for upon request exchanging Grinberg 13 Associate Professor at Georgetown University Law Center, former attorney at the Office of International Tax Counsel at the U.S. Dept. of Treasury, where he worked on FATCA from its inception (Itai, Georgetown Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 13-031, “Will FATCA Open the Door to Taxing Capital Income in Emerging Countries,” June 20, 2013, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2256587) For information exchange upon request, achieving universal compliance with international standards required global leaders AND that are not prepared to participate in AIE automatic information exchange. Exchange must be automatic – on request method empirically fails to deter Economist, 2/16/13 (“Tax transparency: Automatic response,” The Economist, 2/16/2013, http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21571561-way-make-exchange-tax-information-work-automatic-response)//YS NOT ONE TO mince words, Daniel Mitchell of the right-wing Cato Institute AND of AE automatic exchange is that it deters rather than detects.
Advantage 1: Food Insecurity Stopping IFFs is key to agriculture and food security Gascolgne 12 (Clark, “GFI Calls on G8 to Tackle Illicit Financial Flows at Camp David Summit), May 17, 2012, http://www.gfintegrity.org/content/view/510/70/) WASHINGTON, DC – Global Financial Integrity (GFI) today called on leaders of AND -aid-dependent world without curtailing IFFs illicit financial flows.” Food insecurity causes wars that escalate to extinction Lugar 2k (Chairman of the Senator Foreign Relations Committee and Member/Former Chair of the Senate Agriculture Committee (Richard, a US Senator from Indiana, is Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and a member and former chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee. “calls for a new green revolution to combat global warming and reduce world instability,” http://www.unep.org/OurPlanet/imgversn/143/lugar.html)kk In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning AND in the survival of billions of people and the health of our planet. Empirics are on our side – Arab Spring conflict was the result of food insecurity Vidal 13 (John Vidal, environment editor for The Guardian; “Climate change: how a warming world is a threat to our food supplies;” Apr 13 2013; The Guardian: The Observer http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2013/apr/13/climate-change-threat-food-supplies )kk When the Tunisian street vendor, Mohamed Bouazizi, set himself on fire on 17 AND as food prices spiral and longstanding agricultural practices are disrupted by climate change. Even absent a sufficient causal relationship, food scarcity escalates pre-existing conflicts Messer et al 1 (Ellen, Visiting Associate Prof. Nutrition Science and Policy @ Tufts, Marc Cohen, Special Assistant to the Director General @ International Food Policy Research Institute, and Thomas Marchione, Nutrition advisor at the Bureau for Humanitarian Response @ USAID, “Conflict: A Cause and Effect of Hunger”, http://wwics.si.edu/topics/pubs/ECSP7-featurearticles-1.pdf)kk There is a high correlation between a country's involvement in conflict and its classification by AND made many Rwandans into a ready audience for government appeals to ethnic hatred. Advantage 2: Warming Curbing IFFs is key to raising domestic climate change financing – multilateral AEI solves TJN 9 (Stop Illicit Capital Flows to Tackle the Climate Crisis,” December 11, http://taxjustice.blogspot.com/2009/12/stop-illicit-capital-fligh-to-solve.html)//SEP What about mitigation, i.e. reversing the trend of increasing CO2 and AND will be productive ways of tackling the financial costs of the climate crisis. Study proves 97 agree warming real and anthropogenic- most thorough analysis Plait 13 Phil Plate. Slate: New Study: Climate Scientists Overwhelmingly Agree Global Warming Is Real and Our Fault. http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2013/05/17/global_warming_climate_scientists_overwhelmingly_agree_it_s_real_and_is.html. 05/17/13. DA-07/05/13. A new study has just come out that looked at nearly 12,000 professional AND to The Consensus Project, and see what we can do about it. Global climate on brink for emission reduction WWF 12 WWF: UN assessment confirms world is standing on the brink of climate catastrophe. http://wwf.panda.org/?206816/WWF-UN-assessment-confirms-world-is-standing-on-the-brink-of-climate-catastrophe 11/23/12. DA- 07/05/13 Governments are falling far short of their commitment to keep global average temperature rise below AND Smith, head of WWF’s GCEI Global Climate and Energy Initiative.
Reduction crucial now, the tipping point is 2020 Stromberg 12 Joseph Stromberg. Smithsonian: Climate Change Tipping Point: Research Shows That Emission Reductions Must Occur by 2020. 12/16/12. DA- 01/01/13. http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2012/12/climate-change-tipping-point-research-shows-that-emission-reductions-must-occur-by-2020/#ixzz2Gm3LQQDN According to a new paper published today in the journal Nature Climate Change, there’s AND want catastrophic levels of warming, we need to do something, quickly. Warming causes extinction Henderson 6 Bill Henderson, Environmental Scientist. 8-16-2006. Counter Currents, “Runaway Global Warming Denial.” http://www.countercurrents.org/cc-henderson190806.htm The scientific debate about human induced global warming is over but policy makers - let AND of most flora and fauna beloved to man in the world we share. Climate change causes extinction and magnifies every other impact; war, disease, biodiversity, and others Hertsgaard 11 Hot: Living Through the Next Fifty Years on Earth; Mark Hertsgaard investigative journalist; Fellow, New America Foundation; environment correspondent, The Nation; 2011, p. 27-28 It is often supposed that rich societies and individuals will find it relatively easy to AND raises the odds that humans will also go extinct sooner rather than later? Global warming exacerbates poverty and structural violence Hertsgaard 12 Mark Hertsgaard. The Daily Beast: Climate Change Kills 400,000 a Year, New Report Reveals. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/09/27/climate-change-kills-400-000-a-year-new-report-reveals.html 11/27/12. DA- 07/05/13 AW Nearly 1,000 children a day are now dying because of climate change, AND S. GNP by 2 percent by 2030, according to the report.
Short-term years of cooling don’t disprove the warming trend Somerville 11 Richard Somerville, Distinguished Professor Emeritus and Research Professor at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, Coordinating Lead Author in Working Group I for the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 3-8-2011, “CLIMATE SCIENCE AND EPA'S GREENHOUSE GAS REGULATIONS,” CQ Congressional Testimony, Lexis The 2007 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) described "an unambiguous picture of AND This is equivalent to about one third of a degree Fahrenheit per decade. Advantage 3: Econ We isolate 2 internal scenarios: The first is cyberattacks IFFs facilitate and preserve organized cyberterrorist networks – disaster is imminent without intervention Caryl, 7/24 Senior fellow at the Legatum Institute in London and a Contributing Editor at Foreign Policy Magazine (Christian, “What a tangled web global criminality weaves,” Australian Financial Review, LexisNexis)YS 7/24/13 Mexicans are celebrating a victory over the drug mafia this week. The arrest of AND and the lack of transparency that allows it. They're right to worry. Cyberattacks threaten to cripple US economy at any time- one of the biggest international security threats Gable 10 Adjunct Professor of Public International Law, Drexel University Earl Mack School of Law (Kelly, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, “Cyber-Apocalypse Now: Securing the Internet Against Terrorism and Using Universal Jurisdiction As a Deterrent,” Vol. 43/57, http://www.vanderbilt.edu/jotl/manage/wp-content/uploads/Gable_camera_ready_final.pdf) It is a cold December day, already dark, when Aidan Smith leaves his AND security of the modern state, and cyberattacks are occurring with increased frequency. Independently, cyberterrorists will fake or actually cause a nuclear state to attack another, resulting in nuclear retaliation – multiple scenarios for escalation Koeppen 9 (Brynn, Executive Biz, “Nation Nuclear Control Centers Vulnerable to Cyberterrorism Report,” July 29, http://blog.executivebiz.com/2009/07/nation-nuclear-control-centers-vulnerable-to-cyber-terrorism-report/) A recent report by the International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament ( AND false information through media networks, emails, and even government private networks. Terrorism Causes Extinction Sid-Ahmed 4 Sid-Ahmed, political analyst 04 (Mohamed, Managing Editor for Al-Ahali, “Extinction!” August 26-September 1, Issue no. 705, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm) What would be the consequences of a nuclear attack by terrorists? Even if it AND When nuclear pollution infects the whole planet, we will all be losers.
The second is the Mexican economy Despite improved governance IFFs are crippling Mexico’s economy Corchado 12 - Mexico bureau chief @ Dallas Morning News (Alfredo, “Exclusive: Mexico pays heavy price for tax evasion, report finds”, 29 January 2012, Dallas Morning News, http://www.dallasnews.com/news/nationworld/mexico/20120128-exclusive-mexico-pays-heavy-price-for-tax-evasion-report-finds.ece)//AE In a nation with nearly half the population living in poverty, more than $ AND like tax evasion cripple a government, despite good intentions to be effective.” Mexican economic decline shatters the world economy Rangel 95 Fellow at the Monterrey Bureau (Enrique Rangel, ““Pressure on the Peso; Mexico’s Economic Crisis carries global implications”, Dallas Morning News, 11/28, Lexis)JS With the exception of 1982 - when Mexico defaulted on its foreign debt and a AND the Mexican economy and the economies of some Asian and Latin American countries. There are 2 impacts: A) Economic decline leads to nuclear war Harris and Burrows 9 Counselor in the National Intelligence Council and principal drafter of Global Trends 2025 (“Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis”, Washington Quarterly, http://www.twq.com/09april/docs/09apr_burrows.pdf) Increased Potential for Global Conflict Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is AND within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world. B) Economic growth key to solve a laundry list of problems – war, proliferation, warming, disease and drug trafficking Silk 93 Leonard. “Dangers of Slow Growth.” Foreign Affairs. Vol 72 Issue 1. 1993/1994. The last such asset deflation, credit crunch and wave of bankruptcies followed the Great AND , a healthier environment, and more liberal and open economies and societies.
Contention 6 is pre-empts We don’t need to win our epistemology is perfect – Empiricism and logic is good enough Sil 2k Rudra Sil, assistant professor of Political Science at University of Pennsylvania. “Against Epistemological Absolutism: Toward a “Pragmatic” Center,” in Beyond Boundaries ed Sil and Eileen M. Doherty 2000 p160-161 In the end, there may be no alternative to relying on the judgment of AND in validating propositions by scholars embracing all but the most extreme epistemological positions. Their critique of ontology and epistemology creates theory-driven politics – prefer our specific, empirical explanations for the aff Owen 2 David Owen, Professor of Political Theory @ University of Southampton, 2002, “Re-orienting International Relations: On Pragmatism, Pluralism and Practical Reasoning”, Millenium: Journal of International Studies 31.3 Pgs. 655-657 Commenting on the ‘philosophical turn’ in IR, Wæver remarks that ‘a AND the first and second dangers, and so a potentially vicious circle arises.
Guantanamo Bay open – no closure coming Herb 12 (Jeremy, staff writer for the The Hill covering defense and national security, Obama faces long odds to close Guantánamo Bay if he tries again, 10/21/12 03:00 PM ET, Online, http://thehill.com/blogs/defcon-hill/policy-and-strategy/263125-obama-faces-long-odds-to-close-gitmo-if-he-tries-again-, accessed 7/27/13) PE Congressional Republicans are skeptical the president was serious about a renewed attempt to close Gitmo AND that some traction has been made on the issue in the past year. Plan The United States federal government should negotiate with the Cuban government to determine an endpoint to the Cuban American Treaty. Advantage 1: International Law Guantanamo lease is in violation with international law, only doing the plan fully complies with international law Danwall 4 (Hanna Danwall, faculty of law in public international law at the University of Lund. “Guantanamo Bay, a legal “black hole”?” University of Lund, Spring 2004, http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFileandrecordOId=1556904andfileOId=1564143) Cuba claims that the United States holds Guantanamo Bay illegally and while doing so they AND Guantanamo Bay, forcing the United States to install water purification plants.48 Closing Guantanamo Bay is the only way to ensure US compliance with international law HRW 13 (Human Rights Watch citing Kenneth Roth, the executive director of the Human Rights Watch. “US: Pledges to End ‘War,’ Close Guantanamo” May 24, 2013, http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/05/24/us-pledges-end-war-close-guantanamo) In his speech, President Obama broke little new ground on the issue of prosecuting AND only the physical site of Guantanamo, but also the idea of Guantanamo.” Detainees have fundamental rights under international law – the US failure to comply has a spillover effect and causes other countries to ignore them too LII 7 (The Legal Information Institute is a public service of Cornell Law School. “Boumediene v. Bush (06-1195); Al Odah v. United States (06-1196)” December 5, 2007, http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/cert/06-1195) Amici for the detainees argue that international law entitles detainees to certain fundamental rights, AND the ICCPR and is therefore bound by these agreed-upon international obligations.
US violations on International Law spillover to regional and global compliance and cooperation Guzman 7 Andrew Guzman, Harvard Ph. D. in economics, Professor of Law and Associate Dean at UC Berkeley School of Law, where he is also the Director of the Advanced Law Degree Programs, and Associate Dean for International and Advanced Degree Programs. How International Law Works. A Rational Choice Theory. 2007. DA- 11/7/13 The question of whether states have one or several reputations has implications for the effectiveness AND difficult to pursue whatever other objectives they may have in the international arena. Scenario 1: Nuclear War International law prevents conflicts, solves extinction from nuclear war Weeramantry et al 5 (Judge Christopher, former vice president of the International Court of Justice, “International Law and Peace: A Peace Lesson,” The Lawyer’s Committee on Nuclear Policy, July, http://lcnp.org/global/Law_and_Peace.pdf) International law is an essential tool for the abolition of war. War has been AND and vested interests that stand in the way of world peace and harmony. Scenario 2: Genocide International law discredits warmongers, dis-incentivizing future conflict and genocide Akhavan 1 (Payam, Professor of Human Rights at McGill University, “Beyond Impunity: Can International Criminal Justice Prevent Future Atrocities?” American Society of International Law, January, http://www.asil.org/ajil/recon2.pdf) Contrary to the simplistic myths of primordial “tribal” hatred, the conflicts in AND impunity that has hitherto implied the political acceptability of massive human rights abuses. Scenario 3: Trade International law key to economic growth and global trade United Nations 8 (“Understanding International Law,” United Nations Treaty Collection, http://treaties.un.org/doc/source/events/2008/Press_kit/fact_sheet_5_english.pdf) WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW? Without it, there could be chaos AND this in various ways, defined by the terms of the relevant treaty. Conclusive evidence indicates trade alleviates poverty WTO 2k 6/13/2k, “Free trade helps reduce poverty, says new WTO secretariat study” The following is a selection of the highlights of the study "Trade, Income AND incomes of the poor rise one-for-one with overall growth. Free trade ends South Asian conflict Brown 99 Keith Brown, Department of Economics at Texas AandM, “Free Trade and Foreign Policy,” 1999, http://www.independent.org/tii/students/GarveyEssay99Brown.html, accessed 9/1/03 India also makes good subject matter for another reason: they and Pakistan hate each AND less profitable, and the prospect of peace would be far more realistic.
South Asian conflict goes nuclear- extinction Nabi Fai 1 Ghulam Nabi Fai, Kashmiri American Council, July 8, 2001, Washington Times The foreign policy of the United States in South Asia should move from the lackadaisical AND an inclination to ratify an impending Fissile Material/Cut-off Convention.
Trade accelerates growth—consensus of economists Lloyd 11 Peter Lloyd 11, professor of economics at the University of Melbourne, “Free Trade and Growth in the World Economy” The unanimous view of trade economists today is that free trade is the best policy AND Countries by economists and institutions such as the World Bank and the IMF. Economic growth key to solve a laundry list of problems – war, proliferation, warming, disease and drug trafficking Silk 93 Leonard. “Dangers of Slow Growth.” Foreign Affairs. Vol 72 Issue 1. 1993/1994. The last such asset deflation, credit crunch and wave of bankruptcies followed the Great AND , a healthier environment, and more liberal and open economies and societies. Warming causes extinction Henderson 6 Bill Henderson, Environmental Scientist. 8-16-2006. Counter Currents, “Runaway Global Warming Denial.” http://www.countercurrents.org/cc-henderson190806.htm The scientific debate about human induced global warming is over but policy makers - let AND extinction of most flora and fauna beloved to man in the world we share Scenario 4 is Middle East Strengthening International Law is key to the Middle East Peace Process Lynk 1 Michael Lynk, Notest for a Presentation on International Law and the Middle East conflict, CEPAL Annual Meeting, Parliament Hill, Ottawa, November 29, 2001, p. 7. Available from the World Wide Web at: http://www.cepal.ca/documents/OttawaSpeechNov011.pdf, accessed 1/10/05. And fourth, reliance upon the relevant principles of international law would finally create something AND at a fair and lasting peace settlement between the Israelis and the Palestinians.
Peace Process is key to avoid Mideast War – US credibility is key Elsner 13 -- former Reuters chief political correspondent Alan, 30-years’ experience in international journalism, former Reuters State Department correspondent, former professor at Princeton, Dartmouth, American and George Washington University, "Conditions Not Perfect for Israeli-Palestinian Peace -- But May Be as Good as They'll Get," Huffington Post, 7-17-13, www.huffingtonpost.com/alan-elsner/israel-palestine-peace-process_b_3606126.html, accessed 7-18-13, mss To those who argue that Israel should not make peace with Arab nations because they AND the rewards are so great that it would be criminal not to try. Middle East wars result in Extinction Nassar 2 (Bahig, coordinator of Arab coordination Center of NGOs) keynote paper, online: inesglobal.org) Wars in the Middle East are of a new type. Formerly, the possession AND another global problem since all human civilisations depend mainly on this source of energy
Advantage 2: Soft Power US Soft power is at an all-time low with a vacuum emerging Hadas 12 Edward Hadas, Nov. 19, ‘12, Economics Editor at Reuters, “Has the United States Lost Its Power to Peacefully Coerce Other Nations?,” Slate, http://www.slate.com/blogs/breakingviews/2012/11/19/the_disappearance_of_soft_power_has_the_united_states_lost_its_power_ to.html, ACC. 6-28-2013, JTJEDI Soft power is proving to be priceless - and scarce. The United States may AND internationally than at any time since the isolationist and Depression-struck 1930s. Guantanamo cornerstone of US soft power Engelbrekt and Hallenberg 7 Kjell Engelbrekt, Jan Hallenberg. Jan Hallenberg is Professor of Political Science at the Swedish National Defence College, and Adjunct Professor at Stockholm University. Kjell Engelbrekt is Senior Lecturer of Political Science at the Swedish National Defence College. European Union and Strategy: An Emerging Actor. December 27, 2007. Neither its soft power, nor the legitimacy ascribed to it, is a function AND ) will again stand for anything more than itself is to be determined. Guantanamo Bay responsible for killing US influence globally Fairfax 7 (Fairfax Media Limited ASX:FXJ is a leading multi-platform media company in Australasia. The group comprises metropolitan, rural, regional and community mastheads and serves its audiences through high-quality, independent journalism and offers dynamic venues for commerce and information. “How the mighty are fallen” http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/how-the-mighty-are-fallen/2007/01/23/1169330868042.html) SJH Global opinion on American foreign policy and the role of the US in world affairs AND they believed the US provoked more conflict in the region than it prevented. Guantanamo key starting point for US soft power Armitage and Nye 7 Richard L. Armitage, president, Armitage International. Joseph S. Nye, Jr., distinguished service professor, Harvard University. CSIS Commission on Smart Power. 2007. Second, American leaders ought to eliminate the symbols that have come to represent the AND planning for its closure should begin well before the next election takes place. Closing Guantanamo increases U.S. soft power Barker 10 (Dr. Peter Barker attended Oxford University in the United Kingdom, where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in chemistry and then a Doctor of Philosophy degree in physical chemistry. He conducted his post doctoral research at California Institute of Technology “Soft Power, Hard Power, and Our Image Abroad” http://www.lagrange.edu/resources/pdf/citations/2010/22quirkpoliticalscience.pdf) SJH Global perceptions the world held of the U.S. changed drastically since President AND which, as he understands it is a tactic, not an enemy” Scenario 1 is Engagement Soft power is key to sustain U.S. engagement – this solves economic collapse, spread of disease, proliferation, and global WMD conflict Reiss 8 (Mitchell B., Vice Provost of International Affairs – College of William and Mary, “Restoring America's Image: What the Next President Can Do”, Survival, October, 50(5)) But first, there is another question to be answered: why should Americans care AND and ally to other countries, better promote global prosperity, more forcefully. Proliferation risks extinction- and even if they win their turns, benefits don’t justify the risks Krieger 9 (David, Pres. Nuclear Age Peace Foundation and Councilor – World Future Council, “Still Loving the Bomb After All These Years”, 9-4, https://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2009/09/04_krieger_newsweek_response.php?krieger) Jonathan Tepperman’s article in the September 7, 2009 issue of Newsweek, “Why AND Jong-Il and his successors are more rational than Mr. Tepperman?
Scenario 2 is Democracy US soft power is key to promoting democracy Nye 2 (Joseph S. Nye is an American political scientist and former Dean of the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. “Paradox of American Power: Why the World's Only Superpower Can't Go It Alone” Oxford University Press, 2002, http://site.ebrary.com/lib/michstate/Doc?id=10212058andppg=172) The promotion of democracy is also a national interest and a source of soft power AND belief in human rights and democracy helps to increase our soft power.? Democracy solves war Nye 11 (Joseph S. Nye is an American political scientist and former Dean of the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. “The Future of Power” New York: Perseus Books Group, 2011. 28-29. Print.) Whether rooted in human nature as in the classic realism of Thucydides and Machiavelli or AND answer is yes, but not in all domains or on all issues. Scenario 3 is Disease Soft power is key to mobilize action to solve all problems, including world war, disease and warming Nye 8 Joseph Nye, professor of international relations at Harvard University, 2008 or later (n.d.) (“American Power After the Financial Crises,” http://www.foresightproject.net/publications/articles/article.asp?p=3533) Power always depends on context, and in today's world, it is distributed in AND even the largest country cannot achieve its aims without the help of others. Infections disease spread risks global extinction Steinbruner 98 Senior Fellow at Brookings Institution John D., “Biological weapons: A plague upon all houses,” Foreign Policy, Dec 22, LN It is a considerable comfort and undoubtedly a key to our survival that, so AND but a fundamental security ¶ problem for the species as a whole. Advantage 3 is State of Exception Guantanamo Bay serves as a state of exception- justifying the killing and dehumanization of those there Vaughan-Williams 9 Nick, Lecturer in International Relations in the Department of Politics- University of Exeter, UK, “The generalised bio-political border? Re-conceptualising the limits of sovereign power, Review of International Studies (2009), 35, 729–749 As is by now well known, the US government established the detention centre at AND bare life: ‘we are all (virtually) homines sacri’.73
The impact is massive violence—sovereign power causes the evils they hope to prevent Prozorov 9 Professor of Political Science at the University of Helenski (Sergie, “The Appropriation of Abandonment: Girgio Agamben on the State of Nature and the Political”, February 15th, International Studies Association, http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p313215_index.html) Agamben’s radicalization of Schmitt’s ‘politicization’ of Hobbes’s concept of the state of nature carries AND the Good despite being the origin of the very evil it struggles against.
Plan solves- criticizing the state of exception and employing sovereignty strategically must be simultaneous to achieve solvency Lombardi 96 (Mark Owen, Associate Political Science Prof @ Tampa, Perspectives on Third-World Sovereignty, p 161) Sovereignty is in our collective minds. What we look at, the way we AND -area: the welfare and quality of life for the human race.
2/3/14
Grameen 1AC
Tournament: EKNFL | Round: 5 | Opponent: SME WW | Judge: Ashley, Hyland, Cant remember the third Intro We begin our story with Oliva Zuniga a subsistence farmer Zitlaltepec, Mexico who is struggling to emerge from the poverty cycle. Luc Cohen from Reuters in July writes Cohen, Luc. Mexico's Poverty Rate: Half Of Country's Population Lives In Poverty Reuters. Thomson Reuters, 29 July 2013. Web. 04 Dec. 2013. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/29/mexico-poverty_n_3673568.html ZITLALTEPEC, Mexico, July 29 (Reuters) - Like nearly half of Mexicans AND countryside. Coneval also takes other factors like healthcare and education into account.
Inherency A) In 2009 the Grameen Bank established the Grameen Carso in Mexico in the model of the Grameen bank. It provided limited investment, and only focused on one of Mexico’s states Yunus Centre. December 2013 Yunus Centre. "Professor Yunus Launches $ 4.5 Million Social Business Fund in Mexico, Visits Grameen Microcredit Program in Oaxaca." Professor Yunus Launches $ 4.5 Million Social Business Fund in Mexico, Visits Grameen Microcredit Program in Oaxaca. N.p., 22 July 2013. Web. 04 Dec. 2013. http://www.muhammadyunus.org/index.php/yunus-centre/yunus-centre-highlights/1205-prof-yunus-mexico-social-business. On his final day in Mexico, Nobel Laureate Professor Muhammad Yunus visited the borrowers AND gathered in a city hall in a festive environment to meet Professor Yunus. Harms A) Despite slight reductions in poverty, Mexico’s poverty rate still sits at 45.5 or 53.3 million people Luc Cohen, Reuters July 2013 Cohen, Luc. "Mexico Poverty Rate Eased to 45.5 Percent: Development Agency." Reuters. Thomson Reuters, 29 July 2013. Web. 04 Dec. 2013. http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/29/us-mexico-poverty-idUSBRE96S0PZ20130729. (Reuters) - Mexico's poverty rate fell slightly between 2010 and 2012, dropping AND ,125 pesos in cities and 800 pesos a month in the countryside.
Plan Text The United States federal government will provide the financial oversight by investing 270 million dollars and infrastructure support as needed by Grameen Carso to implement it in the model of the Bangladesh Grameen Bank to provide loans to people in all Mexican states. Solvency A) First we will illustrate how the Grameen is different from a traditional bank. Khaled Shukran and Farhana Rahman International Conference on Emerging Trends in Computer and Image Processing December 2011 Md. Khaled Shukran, Farhana Rahman. December 2011. “A Grameen Bank Concept: Micro-credit and Poverty Alleviation Program in Bangladesh” International Conference on Emerging Trends in Computer and Image Processing (ICETCIP'2011) Is Grameen Bank Different from Conventional Bank? The founder of Grameen Bank Dr. AND borrowers. Every Grameen branch borrowers can recite “sixteen decisions” 6 B) The Grameen approaches poverty alleviation the best way, by looking at what the poor need. As opposed to traditional, interest and collateral, banking the Grameen’s collateral free credit allows for the impoverished to launch their own enterprises to truly emerge from poverty The Grameen Info January 2013 Grameen Bank. January 1st 2013. “Credit Delivery System” http://www.grameen-info.org/index.php?option=com_contentandtask=viewandid=24andItemid=127 The underlying premise of Grameen is that, in order to emerge from poverty and AND upon the will and capacity of the borrowers to succeed in their undertakings.
C) This strategy has been proven to work, the poverty rate of people with the Grameen loans is 20 while non Grameen is 56 India Governance Grameen Bank ND India Governance. "Grameen Bank – Women Empowerment and Poverty Alleviation through Micro Credit." India Governance. N.p., n.d. Web. http://indiagovernance.gov.in/files/Grameen Bank.pdf It is estimated that the average household income of Grameen Bank members is about 50 AND . Thus, the overall banking system ensures high level of operational accountability.
Women’s Rights A) In many nations, and particularly Mexico, traditional banking excludes women because they are viewed as less “creditworthy” than men D’Espallier, Guerin and Mersland, , Empowering Women through Microfinance March 2013( (Economic research author) (PhD in economics from Lyon II University/ Economic Analysis and History of Institutions) and Owner and manager of Mersland and Associates, associate prof at the University of Ager) 3/09 (Bert, Isabelle, and Roy, Empowering Women through Microfinance, working paper, http://www.microfinancegateway.org/gm/document1.9.40253/Women20and20Repayment20in20Microfinance.pdf) Firstly, demand for microfinance services is probably higher among women for a number of AND women do not even have the legal right to open a bank ccount. B) The Grameen Bank loans mostly to women has the necessary tools to provide women with an opportunity to succeed on their own merit Susan Cheston and Lisa Kuhn Women’s Opportunity Fund 2002 (, Susan Cheston Senior Vice President, Policy and Research, Opportunity International, and Executive Director Emeritus of the Women’s Opportunity Fund Lisa Kuhn, Program Analyst, Opportunity International) 2002 (“Empowering women through micro finance”, research paper sponsored by UNIFEM, http://storage.globalcitizen.net/data/topic/knowledge/uploads/201101311419705.pdf) Microfinance has the potential to have a powerful impact on women’s empowerment. Although microfinance AND can ensure that women are more deeply and consistently empowered through their programs.
C) Empowerment of women and gender equality are prerequisites for achieving political, social, economic, cultural, and environmental security among all peoples. Cheston and Kuhn 2002 Previously cited Susy Cheston, Senior Vice President, Policy and Research, Opportunity , International, and Executive Director Emeritus of the Women’s Opportunity Fund. Lisa Kuhn, Program Analyst, Opportunity International Research sponsored by the Women’s Opportunity Fund and its funding partners: Elizabeth Foster and Michael Walsh, Gems of Hope USA, and the Morrow Charitable Trust. Publication sponsored by UNIFEM. “Empowering Women through Microfinance” http://storage.globalcitizen.net/data/topic/knowledge/uploads/201101311419705.pdf 7/8/2DLi The influence of society over the range and exercise of choice also means that if AND , it has the potential to empower many more, even more greatly. D) When Mircocredit is given it allows a greater access to education, particularly in Mexico Lourdes Acebevo Her Circle January 2012 (Lourdes, Following a Year of Protests, Can Micro-Loans to Women Helf Affect True Change? Her Circle, http://www.hercircleezine.com/2012/01/03/following-a-year-of-protests-can-micro-loans-to-women-help-affect-true-change/)
These loans are dutifully repaid and the money goes to the women’s families. Overwhelmingly AND needed to excel in school. This will have far-reaching effects.
E) The prerequisite for a nation to move from developing to developed is education. Once Mexico has adequate education for its people, it could become the first developed nation in Latin America Lori Henninger All Africa August 2013 Henniger, Lori. "AllAfrica." AllAfrica.com: Africa: Education Is the Uncontested Key to Development. N.p., 23 Aug. 2013. Web. 04 Dec. 2013. http://allafrica.com/stories/201208270744.html. The role of education is to enable people to be able to survive, to AND primary goals in the next iteration of the international goal-setting agenda.
2/3/14
IFF 1AC
Tournament: KCKCC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Eisenhower BE | Judge: Elliott, McFarland, Ford IFF Aff Contention 1: Inherency Mexico wants Automatic Information Exchange agreement now, but we’ve yet to say yes Lawton 12 Christopher Lawton, Financial Transparency Coalition: U.S. Should Expand Automatic Exchange Of Tax Information To Mexico http://www.financialtransparency.org/2012/01/31/u-s-should-expand-automatic-exchange-of-tax-information-to-mexico/ 01/31/12 DA- 01/14/14 There is one most obvious way that the U.S. could make its AND , dynamic exchange of deposit account information with its major regional trading partners.
Plan Plan: The United States federal government will create an Automatic Exchange of Information and Trade Transparency Units with Mexico. Contention 2: Solvency Plan solves IFFs Lawton 12 Christopher Lawton, Financial Transparency Coalition: U.S. Should Expand Automatic Exchange Of Tax Information To Mexico http://www.financialtransparency.org/2012/01/31/u-s-should-expand-automatic-exchange-of-tax-information-to-mexico/ 01/31/12 DA- 01/14/14 An agreement on AEI automatic exchange of tax information on accounts could be AND to combating illicit financial activity on the Southern border in all its forms. AEI pressure empirically ensures international compliance – worked for upon request exchanging Grinberg 13 Associate Professor at Georgetown University Law Center, former attorney at the Office of International Tax Counsel at the U.S. Dept. of Treasury, where he worked on FATCA from its inception (Itai, Georgetown Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 13-031, “Will FATCA Open the Door to Taxing Capital Income in Emerging Countries,” June 20, 2013, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2256587) For information exchange upon request, achieving universal compliance with international standards required global leaders AND that are not prepared to participate in AIE automatic information exchange. Exchange must be automatic – on request method empirically fails to deter Economist 13 (“Tax transparency: Automatic response,” The Economist, 2/16/2013, http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21571561-way-make-exchange-tax-information-work-automatic-response)//YS NOT ONE TO mince words, Daniel Mitchell of the right-wing Cato Institute AND of AE automatic exchange is that it deters rather than detects. Adv 1: International Tax Regime US tax transparency sets precedent and spills over McIntyre 9 Professor of Law, Wayne State University, Former member and interim chair of the U.N. Subcommitte on Information Exchange (Michael, Tax Notes International, "How to End the Charade of Information Exchange," Volume 56, Number 4, http://faculty.law.wayne.edu/mcintyre/text/mcintyre_articles/Treaties/charade_56TNI.pdf) 10/26/2009 DA- 01/15/14 Mexico surely understands that an agreement for automatic exchange with the United States will induce AND their residents, the Mexican rock down the hill may trigger an avalanche. Ensuring uniform, multilateral AEI is key – benefits both emerging nations and multinational corporations alike Grinberg 13 Associate Professor at Georgetown University Law Center, former attorney at the Office of International Tax Counsel at the U.S. Dept. of Treasury, where he worked on FATCA from its inception (Itai, Georgetown Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 13-031, “Will FATCA Open the Door to Taxing Capital Income in Emerging Countries,” June 20, 2013, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2256587) Internationally, automatic information reporting now has the upper hand over anonymous withholding, largely AND automatic information exchange regime may be improved if they cooperate with one another.
Global IFFs outstrip global efforts to reduce poverty – money lost from IFF growing each year PR Newswire 13 (January 7, “Financial Flows Out of Developing World Overwhelm Foreign aid,” http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/illicit-financial-flows-out-of-the-developing-world-overwhelm-foreign-aid-60786287.html)//SEP WASHINGTON, Jan. 7 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Global Financial Integrity (GFI) released today a study estimating the annual value of IFFs illicit financial flows from all poor nations at approximately $900 million. Titled "Illicit Financial Flows From Developing Countries: 2002 - 2006," (http://www.gfip.org/) the ground-breaking report shows that the developing world is losing an increasing amount of money through ICF illicit capital flight each year. Moreover, the value of the illicit flows surpasses the amount of Official Development Assistance (ODA) entering those countries by an order of magnitude. "IFFs Illicit financial flows siphon revenue out of poor countries, robbing them of much-needed assets and forestalling economic development," said GFI director Raymond Baker. "These new figures reveal that illicit financial flows outpace ODA by a ratio of nearly 10 to 1. This is critical to understanding global poverty and developing effective poverty alleviation and economic development strategies," Baker said. Primary findings of the report include: Total capital flight exiting the developing world may be as much as $1 trillion per year, The volume of capital flight is increasing at an average of 18.2 a year. Over the five-year period of this study, illicit financial flows grew at the fastest pace in the Middle East and North Africa region (49.4 percent) followed by Europe (25.4 percent), Asia (15.7 percent), and the Western Hemisphere (2.8 percent). Flows from Africa declined (-2.9 percent) but this is more the result of incomplete data than supportive economic or political factors. IFFs uniquely exacerbate the root causes of poverty and dependency – just keeping funds within home countries solves Reuter 12 Professor in the School of Public Policy and the Department of Criminology, University of Maryland, Senior Researcher at RAND, PhD in Economics from Yale University (Peter, Draining Development: Controlling Flows of Illicit Funds From Developing Countries, World Bank, https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/2242) There is no doubt that illicit ?nancial ?ows (IFFs) from developing coun- AND , despite the availability of billions of dol- lars in overseas accounts.
We isolate 2 impact scenarios The first is Econ Open democracies are key to the global economy Halperin 5 Morton Halperin et al, Senior Vice President of the Center for American Progress and Director of the Open Society Policy Center, 2005, The Democracy Advantage, p. 12 What explains the consistently superior development outcomes of democ¬racies? We outline the conceptual underpinnings AND going wrong, leaders hear about it and are forced to take action.
Growth key to solve a laundry list of problems – war, warming, disease and drug trafficking Silk 93 Leonard. “Dangers of Slow Growth.” Foreign Affairs. Vol 72 Issue 1. 1993/1994. The last such asset deflation, credit crunch and wave of bankruptcies followed the Great AND , a healthier environment, and more liberal and open economies and societies. Warming causes extinction Henderson, 06 Bill Henderson, Environmental Scientist. 8-16-2006. Counter Currents, “Runaway Global Warming Denial.” http://www.countercurrents.org/cc-henderson190806.htm The scientific debate about human induced global warming is over but policy makers - let AND of most flora and fauna beloved to man in the world we share. The second is Terror Democracy eliminates the need for terrorism Li 5 Quan, “Does Democracy Promote or Reduce Transnational Terrorist Incidents?”, Department of Political Science, The Pennsylvania State University, http://www.psci.unt.edu/jbooks/TerrorBib_files/Statistical20Studies20of20Terrorism/Li-Does20Democracy20Promote.pdf One argument in the democracy-terrorism literature posits that aspects of democracy reduce terrorism AND foreign targets as well as those committed by foreign terrorists in the country. Terrorist groups like Hezbollah have roots in Mexico Boyle 12 Investigative reporter @ Daily Caller (Matthew Boyle, 16 November 2012, “Congressional report ties Middle East terrorists to Mexican drug cartels”, http://dailycaller.com/2012/11/16/congressional-report-ties-middle-east-terrorists-to-mexican-drug-cartels/)//Holmes A new congressional report from the House Homeland Security Committee Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations AND The subcommittee is planning a Friday hearing to further discuss the report’s findings. Hezbollah bioterror attack is a real threat- former CIA director testifies Woosley 98 R. James Woolsey (former Director of Central Intelligence and former head of CIA). Testimony- U.S. House of Representatives: Committee on National Security. February 12, 1998 DA- 05/08/14 But the most troubling threat, in my judgment, is biological weapons. They AND launching land-attack cruise missiles, or a freighter launching a SCUD. Extinction Steinbruner 97 – Brookings senior fellow and chair in international security (John D. Steinbruner, Brookings senior fellow and chair in international security, AND for a global contagion of this sort but not necessarily its outer limit. Adv 3: Cyberattacks IFFs facilitate and preserve organized cyberterrorist networks – disaster coming soon in Squo Caryl, 7/24 Senior fellow at the Legatum Institute in London and a Contributing Editor at Foreign Policy Magazine (Christian, “What a tangled web global criminality weaves,” Australian Financial Review, LexisNexis)YS 7/24/13 Mexicans are celebrating a victory over the drug mafia this week. The arrest of AND and the lack of transparency that allows it. They're right to worry. Hackers pose imminent threat to US cybersecurity Clayton April 28 Mark Clayton. CSMonitor: Iran improves ability to pull off cyber-attacks on US, report finds. http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Security-Watch/Cyber-Conflict-Monitor/2014/0428/Iran-improves-ability-to-pull-off-cyber-attacks-on-US-report-finds April 28, 2014 Hackers in Iran are a rising cyber-threat to the United States, as AND threat intelligence division at Mandiant, told the Monitor in a March interview. We isolate 2 impact scenarios First is Econ Cyberattacks threaten to cripple US economy - causes economic collapse Gable 10 Adjunct Professor of Public International Law, Drexel University Earl Mack School of Law (Kelly, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, “Cyber-Apocalypse Now: Securing the Internet Against Terrorism and Using Universal Jurisdiction As a Deterrent,” Vol. 43/57, http://www.vanderbilt.edu/jotl/manage/wp-content/uploads/Gable_camera_ready_final.pdf) It is a cold December day, already dark, when Aidan Smith leaves his AND security of the modern state, and cyberattacks are occurring with increased frequency. Economically interdependent countries will not go to war unless one country’s economy collapses – it is the only scenario for intentional global nuclear war Copeland 96 Dale C. Copeland Professor @ University of Virginia Department of Government and Foreign Affairs, author of many IR works, "Economic Interdependence and War: A Theory of Trade Expectations," International Security, Vol. 20, no.4 (Spring 1996) Liberals argue that economic interdependence lowers the likelihood of war by increasing the value of AND conflict. This was the German and Japanese dilemma before World War II.
Globalization ensures that interdependent countries will not declare war on each other Ikenberry, Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University, and Deudney, professor of political science at Johns Hopkins University, 2009 (Daniel and G. John, Jan/Feb, “The Myth of the Autocratic Revival,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 88, Issue 1, p. 8, EB) It is in combination with these factors that the regime divergence between autocracies and democracies AND -first century point to the renewed value of international integration and cooperation. Second is Accidental War Cyberterrorists will fake or actually cause a nuclear state to attack another, circumventing economic interdependence to trigger retaliation and escalation Koeppen 9 (Brynn, Executive Biz, “Nation Nuclear Control Centers Vulnerable to Cyberterrorism Report,” July 29, http://blog.executivebiz.com/2009/07/nation-nuclear-control-centers-vulnerable-to-cyber-terrorism-report/) A recent report by the International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament ( AND false information through media networks, emails, and even government private networks.
5/29/14
POE 1AC
Tournament: Topeka | Round: 1 | Opponent: Free State LP | Judge: Parent Intro Inherency Despite recent agreements between the United States and Mexico for improvements in border infrastructure the United States has failed to take any action on improving the border region. According to Carlos Puig in 2013 Puig, Carlos. "Toeing the Line." Latitude Toeing the Line Comments. N.p. http://latitude.nytimes.com/2013/06/05/toeing-the-line/?_r=0, 5 June 2013. Web. 08 Nov. 2013. In 2011, the U.S. and Mexican governments agreed to revamp border AND for the border crossings, the allocation is still under discussion in Congress.¶
Plan The United States Federal Government will increase its economic engagement toward Mexico by working bilaterally with Mexico to improve Mexican and U.S. local access roads and highways, widening the approach to Mexican export facilities, widening border crossings, constructing new lanes leading to U.S. primary, expanding the number of primary booths, lengthening dedicated cargo and FAST lanes, and enlarging and redesigning secondary inspection facilities to accommodate advanced security technologies at the border. Solvency First, recently the United States and Mexico approved the 21st century border initiative which has laid the framework for cooperation on border security and infrastructure. This is according to a press release from the Department of Homeland Security in 2012 U.S. Department of Homeland Security. September 18th 2012. Readout of Secretary Napolitano’s Participation in the U.S.-Mexico High Level Group Meeting. http://www.dhs.gov/news/2012/09/18/secretary-napolitanoE28099s-participation-us-mexico-high-level-group-meeting WASHINGTON - Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano today participated in the U.S AND with importers, carriers, consolidators, licensed customs brokers, and manufacturers.
Next, implementing the affirmative plan improves border infrastructure according to Dwight Hutchins, senior executive at Harvard University who indicates improving and expanding physical border infrastructure is necessary to improve trade and security at the United States Mexican Border Dwight Hutchins Senior Executive, Global Managing Director, Health Public Service Strategy, Accenture Consulting; M.P.A from the JFK School of Government at Harvard University, M.B.A. Northwestern University, and B.S. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Tennessee. “IMPROVING ECONOMIC OUTCOMES BY REDUCING BORDER DELAYS FACILITATING THE VITAL FLOW OF COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC ACROSS THE U.S.-MEXICO BORDER” This study, commissioned by the Department of Commerce's International Trade Administration, was conducted by Accenture in association with HDR Decision Economics and Crossborder Group Inc. http://shapleigh.org/system/reporting_document/file/487/DRAFT_Reducing_Border_Delays_Findings_and_Options_vFinal_03252008.pdf
An expansion of physical border crossing infrastructure is needed to reduce wait time. Expansion AND cleared trucks) either full time or during known periods of peak demand.
Adv 1: Border Congestion First, currently there are growing bottlenecks all along the United States Mexico border which have a negative impact on North American trade. These blockages will cause a debilitating slowdown of trade efficiency. But don’t be fooled by the argument that everything is alright right now so it will continue to be. Even current levels of trade across the border aren’t enough and will continue to decrease.
According to Kristian Ramos in 2013 Kristian Ramos is New Democracy Network’s Policy Director of the 21st Century Border Initiative, “Realizing the Strategic National Value of our Trade, Tourism and Ports of Entry with Mexico” The New Policy Institute is the educational affiliate of the NDN, a think tank based in Washington, DC. May 2013 http://ndn.org/sites/default/files/blog_files/NPI20U20S20-Mexico20Trade20Tourism20POE20Report_0.pdf
Investment in ports of entry is key Key policies and infrastructure can either help or AND North American Development Bank may offer a model for funding border infrastructure projects. Second, implementing the affirmative plan will allow for more capacity at the U.S. Mexican border by reducing the chokepoints. More importantly, the U.S. and Mexico’s cooperation will facilitate trade throughout the 11 members of the Trans Pacific Partnership who have a combined GDP of almost 21 trillion According to Ed Gerwin 2013 Senior Fellow for Trade and Global Economic Policy for the Third Way Economic Program | MARCH 2013 Rooting for Canada and Mexico in the TPP http://content.thirdway.org/publications/672/Third_Way_Policy_Memo_-_Rooting_for_Canada_and_Mexico_in_the_TPP_.pdf North America’s shared production is deep and extensive. Cars co-produced by Canada AND America’s integrated economies to business opportunities in the Asia-Pacific region. 25
Third, the policies that the United States implements on its border are modeled by other nations around the world. If the United States strengthens its border, so will other nations. According to Papademetriou , Meissner, and Sohnen May 2013 Demetrios G. Papademetriou is President and Co-Founder of the Migration Policy Institute (MPI), a Washington-based think tank dedicated exclusively to the study of international migration ; Doris Meissner, former Commissioner of the US Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), is a Senior Fellow at MPI, where she directs the Institute’s US immigration policy work. Eleanor Sohnen is a Policy Analyst at the Migration Policy Institute, where she works for the Regional Migration Study Group. Ms. Sohnen previously served as a consultant to the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) “Thinking Regionally to Compete Globally: Leveraging Migration and Human Capital in the U.S., Mexico, and Central America” Migration Policy Institute and the Wilson Center. http://www.wilsoncenter.org/rmsg_final_report
Border security between and among Mexico and the Northern Triangle of Central America must avoid AND from the United States will push the policy envelope toward ever harder borders.
Finally, by reducing congestion at our borders, and borders globally it will allow for economic prosperity around the world. World Economic Forum February 13, 2013. Enabling Trade: Valuing Growth Opportunities A World Economic Forum report in collaboration with Bain and Company and the World Bank http://www.weforum.org/ reports/enabling-trade-valuing-growth-opportunities.
Reducing supply chain barriers to trade could increase GDP by nearly 5 and trade AND resources to more productive industries and firms, thereby increasing productivity and wages.
North American Integration An economic imbalance since 9/11 has left economic strength in North American vulnerable, and the United States has become even more important in maintaining North American economic strength. Cooperation between the U.S. and the top developing economy, Mexico is needed to maintain economic stability in the Western Hemisphere. According to Clarkson and Mildenberger ‘11 Stephen Clarkson, professor of political economy, University of Toronto, and former fellow, Woodrow Wilson Center Matto Mildenberger, Ph.D. student, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Dependent America?: How Canada and Mexico Construct Us Power p. 272
The United States’ relationship with Canada and Mexico thus presents a paradox. Does North AND most valuable and easily cultivated foreign asset accelerated its self-induced fall.
Second, cooperation between the U.S. and Mexico has been lacking recently but since both nations are willing to work together beginning development on their shared border is a good way to jumpstart their relations. This cooperation insures regional stability and integration between the three NAFTA countries of the U.S., Mexico, and Canada. According to Zamora 2011 Stephen Zamora Leonard B. Rosenberg Professor of Law, University of Houston Law Center. Villanova Law Review 2011 Villanova Law Review 56 Vill. L. Rev. 631 RETHINKING NORTH AMERICA: WHY NAFTA'S LAISSEZ FAIRE APPROACH TO INTEGRATION IS FLAWED, AND WHAT TO DO ABOUT IT Lexis
As already noted, the NAFTA governments did not stress that there was a geopolitical AND areas as migration and labor disputes, climate changes, and energy. n82
Finally, allowing North American integration allows for cooperation over issues such as disease, environmental destruction, and the war on drugs. According to Céspedes ‘8 – Diplomat in Residence, School of International Service and Senior Fellow,Center for North American Studies Ernesto, North America, Security, and the Next US¶ National Security Strategy:¶ A Reflection, April 29, http://www.american.edu/sis/cnas/upload/0804Cespedes_Reflection.pdf, CMR
Under the topic “Working with others in defusing regional conflicts”, Mexico and¶ AND the Security and Prosperity Partnership for North America from 2005¶ and on.
2/3/14
State 1AC
Tournament: State | Round: Semis | Opponent: SME DM | Judge: Cody Wood, Seth Williams, other Contention 1: Inherency Mexico wants Automatic Information Exchange agreement now, but we’ve yet to say yes Lawton 12 Christopher Lawton, Financial Transparency Coalition: U.S. Should Expand Automatic Exchange Of Tax Information To Mexico http://www.financialtransparency.org/2012/01/31/u-s-should-expand-automatic-exchange-of-tax-information-to-mexico/ 01/31/12 DA- 01/14/14 There is one most obvious way that the U.S. could make its AND , dynamic exchange of deposit account information with its major regional trading partners.
Plan Plan: President Obama will issue an executive order to create an Automatic Exchange of Information and Trade Transparency Units with Mexico. Contention 2: Solvency Plan solves IFFs Lawton 12 Christopher Lawton, Financial Transparency Coalition: U.S. Should Expand Automatic Exchange Of Tax Information To Mexico http://www.financialtransparency.org/2012/01/31/u-s-should-expand-automatic-exchange-of-tax-information-to-mexico/ 01/31/12 DA- 01/14/14 An agreement on AEI automatic exchange of tax information on accounts could be AND to combating illicit financial activity on the Southern border in all its forms. US tax transparency sets precedent and spills over McIntyre 9 Professor of Law, Wayne State University, Former member and interim chair of the U.N. Subcommitte on Information Exchange (Michael, Tax Notes International, "How to End the Charade of Information Exchange," Volume 56, Number 4, http://faculty.law.wayne.edu/mcintyre/text/mcintyre_articles/Treaties/charade_56TNI.pdf) 10/26/2009 DA- 01/15/14 Mexico surely understands that an agreement for automatic exchange with the United States will induce AND their residents, the Mexican rock down the hill may trigger an avalanche. AEI pressure empirically ensures international compliance – worked for upon request exchanging Grinberg 13 Associate Professor at Georgetown University Law Center, former attorney at the Office of International Tax Counsel at the U.S. Dept. of Treasury, where he worked on FATCA from its inception (Itai, Georgetown Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 13-031, “Will FATCA Open the Door to Taxing Capital Income in Emerging Countries,” June 20, 2013, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2256587) For information exchange upon request, achieving universal compliance with international standards required global leaders AND that are not prepared to participate in AIE automatic information exchange. Exchange must be automatic – on request method empirically fails to deter Economist, 2/16/13 (“Tax transparency: Automatic response,” The Economist, 2/16/2013, http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21571561-way-make-exchange-tax-information-work-automatic-response)//YS NOT ONE TO mince words, Daniel Mitchell of the right-wing Cato Institute AND of AE automatic exchange is that it deters rather than detects.
Advantage 1: Food Insecurity Stopping IFFs is key to agriculture and food security Gascolgne 12 (Clark, “GFI Calls on G8 to Tackle Illicit Financial Flows at Camp David Summit), May 17, 2012, http://www.gfintegrity.org/content/view/510/70/) WASHINGTON, DC – Global Financial Integrity (GFI) today called on leaders of AND -aid-dependent world without curtailing IFFs illicit financial flows.” Food insecurity causes wars that escalate to extinction Lugar 2k (Chairman of the Senator Foreign Relations Committee and Member/Former Chair of the Senate Agriculture Committee (Richard, a US Senator from Indiana, is Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and a member and former chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee. “calls for a new green revolution to combat global warming and reduce world instability,” http://www.unep.org/OurPlanet/imgversn/143/lugar.html)kk In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning AND in the survival of billions of people and the health of our planet. Empirics are on our side – Arab Spring conflict was the result of food insecurity Vidal 13 (John Vidal, environment editor for The Guardian; “Climate change: how a warming world is a threat to our food supplies;” Apr 13 2013; The Guardian: The Observer http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2013/apr/13/climate-change-threat-food-supplies )kk When the Tunisian street vendor, Mohamed Bouazizi, set himself on fire on 17 AND as food prices spiral and longstanding agricultural practices are disrupted by climate change. Even absent a sufficient causal relationship, food scarcity escalates pre-existing conflicts Messer et al 1 (Ellen, Visiting Associate Prof. Nutrition Science and Policy @ Tufts, Marc Cohen, Special Assistant to the Director General @ International Food Policy Research Institute, and Thomas Marchione, Nutrition advisor at the Bureau for Humanitarian Response @ USAID, “Conflict: A Cause and Effect of Hunger”, http://wwics.si.edu/topics/pubs/ECSP7-featurearticles-1.pdf)kk There is a high correlation between a country's involvement in conflict and its classification by AND made many Rwandans into a ready audience for government appeals to ethnic hatred. Advantage 2: Warming Curbing IFFs is key to raising domestic climate change financing – multilateral AEI solves TJN 9 (Stop Illicit Capital Flows to Tackle the Climate Crisis,” December 11, http://taxjustice.blogspot.com/2009/12/stop-illicit-capital-fligh-to-solve.html)//SEP What about mitigation, i.e. reversing the trend of increasing CO2 and AND will be productive ways of tackling the financial costs of the climate crisis. Study proves 97 agree warming real and anthropogenic- most thorough analysis Plait 13 Phil Plate. Slate: New Study: Climate Scientists Overwhelmingly Agree Global Warming Is Real and Our Fault. http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2013/05/17/global_warming_climate_scientists_overwhelmingly_agree_it_s_real_and_is.html. 05/17/13. DA-07/05/13. A new study has just come out that looked at nearly 12,000 professional AND to The Consensus Project, and see what we can do about it. Global climate on brink for emission reduction WWF 12 WWF: UN assessment confirms world is standing on the brink of climate catastrophe. http://wwf.panda.org/?206816/WWF-UN-assessment-confirms-world-is-standing-on-the-brink-of-climate-catastrophe 11/23/12. DA- 07/05/13 Governments are falling far short of their commitment to keep global average temperature rise below AND Smith, head of WWF’s GCEI Global Climate and Energy Initiative.
Reduction crucial now, the tipping point is 2020 Stromberg 12 Joseph Stromberg. Smithsonian: Climate Change Tipping Point: Research Shows That Emission Reductions Must Occur by 2020. 12/16/12. DA- 01/01/13. http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2012/12/climate-change-tipping-point-research-shows-that-emission-reductions-must-occur-by-2020/#ixzz2Gm3LQQDN According to a new paper published today in the journal Nature Climate Change, there’s AND want catastrophic levels of warming, we need to do something, quickly. Warming causes extinction Henderson 6 Bill Henderson, Environmental Scientist. 8-16-2006. Counter Currents, “Runaway Global Warming Denial.” http://www.countercurrents.org/cc-henderson190806.htm The scientific debate about human induced global warming is over but policy makers - let AND of most flora and fauna beloved to man in the world we share. Climate change causes extinction and magnifies every other impact; war, disease, biodiversity, and others Hertsgaard 11 Hot: Living Through the Next Fifty Years on Earth; Mark Hertsgaard investigative journalist; Fellow, New America Foundation; environment correspondent, The Nation; 2011, p. 27-28 It is often supposed that rich societies and individuals will find it relatively easy to AND raises the odds that humans will also go extinct sooner rather than later? Global warming exacerbates poverty and structural violence Hertsgaard 12 Mark Hertsgaard. The Daily Beast: Climate Change Kills 400,000 a Year, New Report Reveals. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/09/27/climate-change-kills-400-000-a-year-new-report-reveals.html 11/27/12. DA- 07/05/13 AW Nearly 1,000 children a day are now dying because of climate change, AND S. GNP by 2 percent by 2030, according to the report.
Short-term years of cooling don’t disprove the warming trend Somerville 11 Richard Somerville, Distinguished Professor Emeritus and Research Professor at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, Coordinating Lead Author in Working Group I for the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 3-8-2011, “CLIMATE SCIENCE AND EPA'S GREENHOUSE GAS REGULATIONS,” CQ Congressional Testimony, Lexis The 2007 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) described "an unambiguous picture of AND This is equivalent to about one third of a degree Fahrenheit per decade. Advantage 3: Econ We isolate 2 internal scenarios: The first is cyberattacks IFFs facilitate and preserve organized cyberterrorist networks – disaster is imminent without intervention Caryl, 7/24 Senior fellow at the Legatum Institute in London and a Contributing Editor at Foreign Policy Magazine (Christian, “What a tangled web global criminality weaves,” Australian Financial Review, LexisNexis)YS 7/24/13 Mexicans are celebrating a victory over the drug mafia this week. The arrest of AND and the lack of transparency that allows it. They're right to worry. Cyberattacks threaten to cripple US economy at any time- one of the biggest international security threats Gable 10 Adjunct Professor of Public International Law, Drexel University Earl Mack School of Law (Kelly, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, “Cyber-Apocalypse Now: Securing the Internet Against Terrorism and Using Universal Jurisdiction As a Deterrent,” Vol. 43/57, http://www.vanderbilt.edu/jotl/manage/wp-content/uploads/Gable_camera_ready_final.pdf) It is a cold December day, already dark, when Aidan Smith leaves his AND security of the modern state, and cyberattacks are occurring with increased frequency. Independently, cyberterrorists will fake or actually cause a nuclear state to attack another, resulting in nuclear retaliation – multiple scenarios for escalation Koeppen 9 (Brynn, Executive Biz, “Nation Nuclear Control Centers Vulnerable to Cyberterrorism Report,” July 29, http://blog.executivebiz.com/2009/07/nation-nuclear-control-centers-vulnerable-to-cyber-terrorism-report/) A recent report by the International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament ( AND false information through media networks, emails, and even government private networks. Terrorism Causes Extinction Sid-Ahmed 4 Sid-Ahmed, political analyst 04 (Mohamed, Managing Editor for Al-Ahali, “Extinction!” August 26-September 1, Issue no. 705, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm) What would be the consequences of a nuclear attack by terrorists? Even if it AND When nuclear pollution infects the whole planet, we will all be losers.
The second is the Mexican economy Despite improved governance IFFs are crippling Mexico’s economy Corchado 12 - Mexico bureau chief @ Dallas Morning News (Alfredo, “Exclusive: Mexico pays heavy price for tax evasion, report finds”, 29 January 2012, Dallas Morning News, http://www.dallasnews.com/news/nationworld/mexico/20120128-exclusive-mexico-pays-heavy-price-for-tax-evasion-report-finds.ece)//AE In a nation with nearly half the population living in poverty, more than $ AND like tax evasion cripple a government, despite good intentions to be effective.” Mexican economic decline shatters the world economy Rangel 95 Fellow at the Monterrey Bureau (Enrique Rangel, ““Pressure on the Peso; Mexico’s Economic Crisis carries global implications”, Dallas Morning News, 11/28, Lexis)JS With the exception of 1982 - when Mexico defaulted on its foreign debt and a AND the Mexican economy and the economies of some Asian and Latin American countries. There are 2 impacts: A) Economic decline leads to nuclear war Harris and Burrows 9 Counselor in the National Intelligence Council and principal drafter of Global Trends 2025 (“Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis”, Washington Quarterly, http://www.twq.com/09april/docs/09apr_burrows.pdf) Increased Potential for Global Conflict Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is AND within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world. B) Economic growth key to solve a laundry list of problems – war, proliferation, warming, disease and drug trafficking Silk 93 Leonard. “Dangers of Slow Growth.” Foreign Affairs. Vol 72 Issue 1. 1993/1994. The last such asset deflation, credit crunch and wave of bankruptcies followed the Great AND , a healthier environment, and more liberal and open economies and societies.