Tournament: Alta | Round: 4 | Opponent: Highland BR | Judge: Richard Idriss
Text: We advocate an economic engagement with Venezuela through an engagement of the marginalized people 

Using disability as a metaphor perpetuates social exclusion
Ben–Moshe 5 (Liat, Syracuse University, Doctorate in Disabilities studies 4–1–05,“Building Pedagogical Curb Cuts: Incorporating Disability in the University Classroom and Curriculum,” http://www.syr.edu/gradschool/pdf/resourcebooksvideos/Pedagogical20Curb20Cuts.pdf, accessed: 7–5–2012, p.107, CAS)
In the English language, using disability as a metaphor, an analogy and a
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perpetuates false beliefs about disability and creates an environment of unease and exclusion.

Their rhetoric impacts all of society recreating an ethic of exclusion that the aff cannot overcome
Barnes, 92. Colin Barnes, Professor of Disability Studies in the School of Social and Health Sciences Halmstad University, 1992, “DISABLING IMAGERY AND THE MEDIA” KL
This section has demonstrated how the vast majority of information about disability in the mass
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media is no longer simply morally and socially reprehensible it is economically inept.

Tournament: USC Round Robin | Round: 7 | Opponent: St Vincent de Paul MY | Judge: Chris Crowe and Olivia Panchal
1NC

The effort to increase a bilateral partnership against human-trafficking is anthropocentric –  we must eliminate the human/non human binary
Deckha, 10 – Associate Professor at the University of Victoria Faculty of Law in Victoria (Maneesha, 12/13/10, “It’s time to abandon the idea of ‘human’ rights”, http://www.thescavenger.net/animals/its-time-to-abandon-the-idea-of-human-rights-77234-536.html)//VP
While the intersection of race and gender is often acknowledged in understanding the etiology of
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only for humans made vulnerable by their dehumanization, but nonhumans as well. 

Rejection of the term “human” is a pre-requisite to an analysis of gender and disposability- solves the root cause of the aff
Best, 07 – Chair of Philosophy (Steven Best, Chair of Philosophy at UT-EP, 2007 JCAS 5.2)VP
While a welcome advance over the anthropocentric conceit that only humans shape human actions,
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and stewardship, which however was Judaic moral baggage official Chistianithy left behind.

Tournament: Long Beach | Round: 3 | Opponent: Loyola DW | Judge: Leila McClay
Text: The North America Development Bank and the Border Environmental Cooperation Commission should:
- provide renewable energy assistance to Mexico
- promote energy efficiency and renewable source projects in Mexico

They fail to specify their agent – vote neg – destroys agent counterplan and DA ground
BECC and NADB provide renewable energy assistance – NADB funds it
COCEF, 11 – Comisión de Cooperación Ecológica Fronteriza, Mexican BECC (“Renewable Energy: Opportunities and Challenges in the Border Region”, June 3, Arizona-Mexico Commission 2011 Plenary Session, Environment Committee, http://www.azdeq.gov/obep/download/060311_c.pdf)//VP  
In response to many of the recent laws passed on both the federal and state
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under a variety of structures on a case?by?case basis.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 3 | Opponent: Gulliver Prep AS | Judge: Ryan Saxe
The United States federal government should amend Title 22 of US Code (22 U.S.C. 6065) so that a transition government in Cuba is defined as a government that is taking appropriate steps to restitute and/or compensate United States citizens for property taken by the Cuban government, as outlined in the following addendum. The United States federal government should offer to negotiate a Bilateral Investment Treaty with Cuba that includes a Step-Down Restitution Policy.

We’ll insert the description of the counterplan.

Setting up a Bilateral Investment Treaty as a mechanism for compensation helps Cuba meet the only condition that is keeping the embargo in place
Mowry, ’99 (David, Senior Counsel Xerox Corporation “Lifting the Embargo against Cuba Using Vietnam as a Model: A Policy Paper for Modernity” Brooklyn Journal of International Law, 25 Brooklyn J. Int'l L. 229, lexis)
The obstacles that prevent a President from lifting the embargo against Cuba arbitrarily would appear
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S. Government would not be liable for any losses.   *262 

Step-Down Restitution Policy is the best mechanism --- flexibility in payment ensures appropriate and quick redress and means Cuba says yes
Espino, ‘8 (Daniel- JD Candidate Nova Southeastern University Shepard Broad Law Center, President and Chairman of the Board of Puente de Jovenes Profesionales Cubanos and President of the Hispanic Law Students Association, Spring, “Step-Down Restitution: A Proposal For An Equitable Resolution To Confiscated Cuban Property” Nova Law Review, 32 Nova L. Rev. 423, lexis)
 *451  V. IMPLEMENTATION The Step-Down Restitution Policy should be
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justice for Cuba's transgressions by allowing them to receive individualistic and equitable remediation.

The current embargo holds Cuba responsible for compensation for property taken during the Castro revolution – lifting the embargo and normalizing relations makes the US legally responsible for that compensation under the Takings Clause – that causes lawsuits against the federal government that collapses relations
Smagula, Associate with Totti, Rodriguez Diaz and Fuentes, ’95 (John, Fall, “Redirecting Focus: Justifying the U.S. Embargo Against Cuba and Resolving the Stalemate” North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation, 21 N.C.J. Int'l L. and Com. Reg. 66, lexis)
B. Full Compensation as an Inflexible Standard In extreme cases, full compensation may
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cast a cloud over any progress in U.S.-Cuban relations.

Takings Clause suits collapse the War on Terror by undermining criminal law proceedings
Little, Legal Policy Analyst in the the Center for Legal and Judicial Studies at the Heritage Foundation, 9-22-6 (Erica, “Federalizing "Gang Crime" Is Counterproductive and Dangerous,” www.heritage.org/Research/Crime/wm1221.cfm)
More broadly, Congress should discontinue its habit of expanding federal criminal law. The
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. Moreover, federal prosecution is more expensive than state-level prosecution.
Nuclear terrorism causes global nuclear escalation
Morgan, Professor of Foreign Studies at Hankuk University, ‘9 (Dennis Ray, December, “World on fire: two scenarios of the destruction of human civilization and possible extinction of the human race” Futures, Vol 41 Issue 10, p 683-693, ScienceDirect)
In a remarkable website on nuclear war, Carol Moore asks the question "Is
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, taking a savage toll upon the environment and fragile ecosphere as well.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Damien LL | Judge: Brian Rubaie
Text: Canada ought to include the United Mexican States in the Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership. 

Canadian involvement key to harmonize all relations - Canada is key –their 1AC evidence
Siekierski 3/15/13 – (BJ, “Is Mexico looking for NAFTA-EU trade talks?”, iPolitics, http://www.ipolitics.ca/2013/03/15/is-mexico-looking-for-nafta-eu-trade-talks/)//VP
“It seems really logical to us that this be a trilateral negotiation and that
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Obama to make it a NAFTA-EU negotiation, El Financiero reported.

Canada’s influence is key to Latin American stability
Rochlin 12 professor of political science at the University of British Columbia-Okanagan (James Rochlin, 2012, “Introduction: Canada and the Americas: There’s Still Much to Discover,” Canada Looks South: In Search of an American Policy, pages 21-23)VP
What are the options for Canada? Although the New World now seems newer than
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the exploitative and authoritarian yoke that was so dominant during the Cold War.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 4 | Opponent: University Prep RV | Judge: Andre Washington
Fetishizing black subjectivity makes class invisible—failing to take into account these racist relations in the name of economic progress
Young, Asst Prof of English at Univ of Alabama, Winter 2006
Robert, Putting Materialism Back into Race Theory, http://www.redcritique.org/WinterSpring2006/puttingmaterialismbackintoracetheory.htm

Indeed, the discourse of the subject operates as an ideological strategy for fetishizing the
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depressed by the very same economic system that they help to ideologically reproduce.
Capitalism causes extinction and structural violence
Herod, 07 – Columbia U graduate and political activist (James, , “Getting Free” Pg. 22-23)
We must never forget that we are at war, however, and that we
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Hun look like boy scouts. This is a terrible enemy we face. 

Vote negative to adopt the historical material criticism of the 1NC - historical analysis of the material conditions of capital is the only way to break free from is contradictions and social inequalities it causes
Tumino, 01 – teaches at the City University of New York, Spring (Steven, “What is Orthodox Marxism and Why it Matters Now More Than Ever Before”)
Any effective political theory will have to do at least two things: it will
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determinism of corporate theory ("knowledge work") that masquerades as social theory.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Glenbrook North MT | Judge: Sergent-Leventhal
CP Text: The People’s Republic of China should do the plan.

It solves – China is a better alternative than the US – solves the aff and avoids the disad.
Ellis 6. Evan, Associate with Booz Allen Hamilton, Inc., with an emphasis on Latin American security issues, PhD in Political Science, "The New Chinese Engagement with Latin America: Understanding its Dynamics and the Implications for the Region" Booz-Allen -- March 3 -- www6.miami.edu/hemispheric-policy/ellisthenewchineseengagementwithlatinamerica030306.pdf
Aside from the intangible ... Area of the Americas.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 1 | Opponent: Centennial KH | Judge: Frank Walline
Text: The People’s Republic of China should cooperate with Cuba plan

Chinese have new and improved way to solve spills – membrane separates oil from water
Sheahan, 12—  Royal Society of Chemistry (Holly Sheahan, “Oil loving membranes for oil spill clean-ups”, Royal Society of Chemistry: Advancing the Chemical Science, November 12, 2012, http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/2012/11/membrane-clean-oil-spills)//IK
¶ Researchers in China have ... what else they can do with them.

Tournament: Alta | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Polytechnic AA | Judge: Kinsee Gaither, Sam Haley-Hill, and Scott Oderkirik
Text: The United States Supreme Court should normalize its travel relations with Cuba by ruling the Cuban travel ban unconstitutional.

CP is competitive – they don’t spec their agent – vote neg because it kills agent CPs and branch specific DA’s AND hurts knowledge about implementation

Travel ban is unconstitutional – Courts are a prerequisite
Crumpacker, 05 (Tom, Lawyer and M.A. in Latin American studies @ Georgetown U, A Constitutional Right to Travel to Cuba, 1/17/5, www.counterpunch.org/2005/01/15/a-constitutional-right-to-travel-to-cuba/)VP
Magna Carta has been an important part of English law for almost eight centuries.
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, has continually certified that Cuba poses no risk to our national security.

The Supreme Court can do the aff and avoids politics
Tushnet 8 (law professor at Harvard, Mark, “THE OBAMA PRESIDENCY AND THE ROBERTS COURT: SOME HINTS FROM POLITICAL SCIENCE: POLITICAL FOUNDATIONS OF JUDICIAL SUPREM-ACY: THE PRESIDENCY, THE SUPREME COURT, AND CONSTITUTIONAL LEADERSHIP IN U.S. HISTORY”, Summer, 25 Const. Commentary 343, lexis, Accessed 2/18/2013, rwg)
What can the courts do for a resilient regime? Presidents and Congress have limited
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supporters will put pressure on the President to do something about the Court.

The reviewing and examining laws through ruling it unconstitutional is key to judicial independence
Shetreet 89 (Shimon Shetreet. “Judicial Independence: The Contemporary Debate”. Chapter 33. 1985. Martinus Nijhoff. Google Books. http://books.google.com/books?id=jEG0KVCu_soCandprintsec=frontcover#v=onepageandqandf=false)//JuneC//
The Course and Framework of IBA Project¶ The judiciary has developed from a dispute
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in¶ Jerusalem in March 1982 and In New Delhi in October 1982.¶ 

Judicial independence is key to human rights and de-escalates conflicts
OSCE 12 (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe MISSION IN KOSOVO. “Independence of the Judiciary in Kosovo: Institutional and Functional Dimensions”. January 2012. http://www.osce.org/kosovo/87138)//JuneC//
I. INTRODUCTION¶ “Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and
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inter alia, stability, peaceful resolution of conflicts, and economic development.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 3 | Opponent: Glenbrook South | Judge: Samantha Varney
Obama is pushing Congress to resolve the debt ceiling – political capital is key to success and solving a government shut down
Pace 9/12 Julie, AP White House correspondent, Syria debate on hold, Obama refocuses on agenda, The Fresno Bee, 9/12/13, http://www.fresnobee.com/2013/09/12/3493538/obama-seeks-to-focus-on-domestic.html
With a military strike against Syria on hold, President Barack Obama tried Thursday to
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Speaker John Boehner on Thursday said the GOP will insist on curbing spending.

Failure collapses the economy – goes global and past events don’t disprove
Davidson 9/10 Adam, co-founder of NPR’s “Planet Money,” Our Debt to Society, New York Times, 9/10/13, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/15/magazine/our-debt-to-society.html?pagewanted=all
If the debt ceiling isn’t lifted again this fall, some serious financial decisions will
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free asset more risky, the entire global economy becomes riskier and costlier.

Nuclear war
Friedberg and Schoenfeld 8  Aaron, Prof. Politics. And IR @ Princeton’s Woodrow Wilson School and Visiting Scholar @ Witherspoon Institute, and Gabriel, Senior Editor of Commentary and Wall Street Journal, “The Dangers of a Diminished America” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122455074012352571.html
Then there are the dolorous consequences of a potential collapse of the world's financial architecture
AND
of these countries seek to divert attention from internal travails with external adventures.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Greenhill JD | Judge: Josh Reisman
Text: Congress should delegate the authority to provide technical assistance to the government of Mexico for implementation of commercial domestic intellectual property protections to the Department of State. The Department of State should pursue and enact the congressional delegation. 

CP is competitive – they don’t spec their agent which is a reason to vote neg because it kills agent CPs and branch specific DA’s AND hurts knowledge about implementation. 

Counterplan solves the aff and doesn’t link to politics.
Epstein and O’Hallaron 99 (David Epstein- Department of Political Science and Stanford Graduate School of Business, Columbia and Stanford University, and Sharyn O’Hallaron- Department of Political Science and the School of International and Public Affairs and Hoover Institution, Columbia and Stanford University, January 1999 (“The Nondelegation Doctrine and the Separation of Powers” – Cardozo Law Review) p. lexis
Our institutional analysis begins with the observation that there are two alternative modes for specifying
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), delegation to the executive branch would be the preferred mode of policymaking.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 5 | Opponent: Green Valley BH | Judge: Scott Odekirik
Man is not gender neutral—interchanging it with people perpetuates gender inequality.
Writing Center 2010 (The Writing Center, University of North Carolina. “Gender-Sensitive Language.” February 11, 2010. http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/gender.html, KD) 

English speakers and writers have traditionally been taught to use masculine nouns and pronouns in
AND
that you can "mix and match" as necessary when you write.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 5 | Opponent: Green Valley BH | Judge: Scott Odekirik
Man is not gender neutral—interchanging it with people perpetuates gender inequality.
Writing Center 2010 (The Writing Center, University of North Carolina. “Gender-Sensitive Language.” February 11, 2010. http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/gender.html, KD) 

English speakers and writers have traditionally been taught to use masculine nouns and pronouns in
AND
that you can "mix and match" as necessary when you write.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 3 | Opponent: Glenbrook South | Judge: Samantha Varney
Cuba’s dual economy is shifting towards peso currency unification – now is key
Scarpaci, 10 (Joseph L. Scarpaci. Holds a Doctorate from the University of Florida in urban-economic geography and Latin American Studies, with a concentration in Health Services Administration. “Cuba: Doors to Monetary Unification”. The Havana Consulting Group LLC. 2010. http://thehavanaconsultinggroups.com/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=3423Acuba-doors-to-monetary-unificationandcatid=473Aeconomyandlang=en)//JuneC//
Administrators and experts in Cuban state agencies released the ‘news’ that in 2013-
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reform will have and Cubans should be prepared to confront this new reality.

Dollar flow in Cuba decreases the value of pesos – This recreates the conditions for the dual economy
Perez 13 (Yusnaby Perez. “Reports from Cuba: Cuba and the Enslaving System of Two Currencies”. Babalu. 17 April 2013. http://babalublog.com/2013/04/17/reports-from-cuba-cuba-and-the-enslaving-system-of-two-currencies/)//JuneC//
Cuba and the Enslaving System of Two Currencies¶ The dual currency system in Cuba
AND
result is what a Cuban in Cuba pays because of the dual currency.

The social gap created by the dual economy creates instability in Cuba and turns the case – We’ll include a table
Herrera and Nakatani 3 (Rémy Herrera and Paulo Nakatani. Researcher at CNRS (National Center of Scientific Research) in France. “THE CUBAN DOLLARIZATION. Reflections for a de-dollarizing process”. http://pendientedemigracion.ucm.es/info/ec/jec9/pdf/A0320-20Herrera,20RE9my20y20Nakatani,20Paulo.pdf)JuneC
The egalitarian wages
AND
still imposed to private capital accumulation and to private wage-earning hiring.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 5 | Opponent: Kent Denver BL | Judge: Jishnu Guha-Majumdar
1NC

Efficiency will be brought to the floor now – bipartisanship now, but failure to pass it will make all energy policies impossible – now is key – most recent evidence
Barron-Lopez, 11/20 – Reporter for The Hill (Laura, “Shaheen: Energy-efficiency bill could hit Senate floor soon”, 2013, http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/190959-sen-shaheen-energy-efficiency-bill-will-hit-senate-floor-soon)//VP
Sen. Jeanne Shaheen (D-N.H.) displayed confidence Wednesday that
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be very difficult to do anything else on energy policy in this country."

New renewables funding is horribly unpopular – the GOP wants cuts, not increases
Abrams 13 – Jim Abrams is a writer for Associated Press, (“Renewable Energy Budget Cut In Half In House Republicans' Spending Bill”, 07/11/13, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/10/renewable-energy-budget_n_3575842.html)// ACJS
WASHINGTON -- House Republicans are proposing to slash money for renewable energy research and defy
AND
last year. It would cut spending for renewable energy programs by half. 

Now is key for efficiency and legislative success – Obama must spend energy political capital on bipartisan policies or risk squandering it on an overbroad legislative agenda.
Black, 2/13 (Amy, Professor of political science and department chair
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” Christian Science Monitor. Lexis, Acc 3/14/2013)
Consider just a few of the major programs Obama trumpeted in last night's speech.
AND
have a reasonable chance of gaining the bipartisan momentum necessary to become law.

Efficiency legislation is key to overall US efficiency
Cuttino 2-7  -13 Phyllis, Director, Pew Clean Energy Program, National Journal
The broad appeal of combined heat and power and industrial efficiency led to several bipartisan
AND
as well as maintains the country’s leadership in the global clean energy race.

Efficiency solves the economy—even under conservative studies
Goldstein 2010 – PhD in physics from UC Berkeley, Fellow of the American Physical Society, MacArthur Fellow, helped developed efficiency policy standards in the United States, Russia, Kazakhstan, and China (6/11, David, Natural Resources Defense Council, Switchboard, “America's Future: Austerity or Invisible Energy?”, http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/dgoldstein/americas_future_austerity_or_i.html, WEA)
What is missing from this analysis is a key factor: the role energy efficiency
AND
our way out of the recession with a lot less pain and austerity.

That prevents nuclear war
Mead 09 Senior Fellow in U.S. Foreign Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, Only Makes You Stronger, The New Republic, www.tnr.com/politics/story.html?id=571cbbb9-2887-4d81-8542-92e83915f5f8andp=2
The greatest danger both to U.S.-China relations and to American power
AND
yet, decline, but, if we can't get the world economy back

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Jesuit Dallas TW | Judge: Collin Roark
Text: The United States federal government should remove its blockade against Cuba.

We compete textually - we use the term blockade instead of normalize trade relations.
Using economic language like “normalize trade relations,” and economic sanctions to describe the blockade is distinct from the blockade
CubavsBlockade 7 (Cuba vs Blockade. Cuban people web site. 2007. http://www.cubavsbloqueo.cu/Default.aspx?tabid=434)//JuneC//
US Blockade against Cuba: simile of the Ripe Fruit¶ ¶ Havana(PL
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born, compelled from birth to negotiate the limitations imposed by the siege.¶ 

Imperialist rhetoric causes imperialism, racism and dehumanization
Kim 4 (Soonsik Kim. Professor in the English Department al Myongji University in Seoul. Korea. Ph.D. in compulsive literature from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. “Colonial and Postcolonial Discourse in the Novels of Y?m Sang-s?p, Chinua Achebe, and Salman Rushdie”, Pg. 3-4. Peter Lang. 2004. Google Books. http://books.google.com/books?id=wzXbv13XucUCandprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0#v=onepageandqandf=false)//JuneC//
Early stages of colonial discourse in a broad sense are usually documentary accounts of cultural
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. Literary works contributed to the perpetuation of such colonial or imperial attitudes.

Language shapes reality – evaluating the meanings behind the words of an action is a priori to the action
Edelman 85 (Murray Edelman. American political scientist in University of Wisconsin. “Political Language and Political Reality”. American Political Science Association. Winter 1985. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/418800?seq=1anduid=3739560anduid=2anduid=4anduid=3739256andsid=21102185169611)//JuneC//
The most incisive twentieth century students of language converge from different premises on the conclusion
AND
so far as the meaning of events to actor and spectators is concerned.

Tournament: Long Beach | Round: 3 | Opponent: Loyola DW | Judge: Leila McClay
Market solutions make wind a neoliberal messiah—assumes a “natural” consumerism that can’t be sustained
Glover et al, 06 – *Policy Fellow at the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy, University of Delaware, Directs the Urban Studies and Wheaton in Chicago programs, selected to the Chicago Council on Global Affairs Emerging Leaders Program for 2011-2013, *2007 Nobel Peace Prize winner, Distinguished Professor of Energy and Climate Policy at the University of Delaware, Head of the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy (Leigh Glover, Noah Toly, John Byrne, “Energy as a Social Project: Recovering a Discourse”, in “Transforming Power: Energy, Environment, and Society in Conflict”, p. 1-32, http://www.ceep.udel.edu/energy/publications/2006_es_energy_as_a_social_project.pdf)//VP
The search for harmonized market-style policies to strengthen the energy¶ status quo
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-cost and easy-to-plug-in wind¶ power.

The aff’s fantasy of control will only produce a “never-ending war” for security—blowback ensures efforts to create order out of disorder will fail
Ritchie 11— PhD, Research Fellow at the Department of Peace Studies @ University of Bradford, Executive Committee of the British Pugwash Group and the Board of the Nuclear Information Service (Nick, “Rethinking security: a critical analysis of the Strategic Defence and Security Review” International Affairs Volume 87, Issue 2, lexis)VP
Third, the legitimating narrative of acting as a ‘force for good’ that emerged
AND
in relation to the long-term human security needs of British citizens.

Technocratic management makes extinction inevitable—no aff proposal can solve
Crist, 07 – Associate Professor of Science and Technology in Society at Virginia Tech University (Eileen Crist, 2007, “Beyond the Climate Crisis: A Critique of Climate Change Discourse,” Telos, Volume 141, Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Telos Press, p. 49-51)VP
If mainstream environmentalism is catching up with the solution promoted by Teller, and perhaps
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civilization as presently configured economically and culturally, that needs to be changed.

Vote neg – must investigate epistemological underpinnings of energy production – alternative prevents a “growth at all costs” society that culminates in endless crises and oppression
Holleman, 12 – Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Oregon (Hannah, “ENERGY JUSTICE AND FOUNDATIONS FOR A SUSTAINABLE SOCIOLOGY OF ENERGY”, http://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/jspui/bitstream/1794/12419/1/Holleman_oregon_0171A_10410.pdf)///VP
All work on energy, society, and climate change may be divided into two
AND
depredations of social inequality and environmental destruction associated with the modern energy regime.

Tournament: Alta | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Polytechnic AA | Judge: Kinsee Gaither, Sam Haley-Hill, and Scott Oderkirik
U.S travel destroys Cuban environment
Bovee, 13 – Reporter (Michelle, “Tourism in Cuba?”, policymic, 3/27/13, http://notenoughgood.com/2013/03/tourism-in-cuba/)//AB
There are downsides, though, to increasing tourism in Cuba.  The environment,
AND
cultural heritage sites and beautiful beaches must be enough to encourage future tourism.

Plan will collapse coral reefs
Boom, 12 – director of the Caribbean Biodiversity Program and Bassett Maguire Curator of Botany at the New York Botanical Garden (Brian M.,  8/14/2012, “Biodiversity without Borders”, Science and Diplomacy, http://www.sciencediplomacy.org/article/2012/biodiversity-without-borders)//VP
These ecosystems are threatened increasingly by habitat modification, the impact of tourism, overexploitation
AND
. Examples include migratory, invasive, endangered, and disease vector species.

Coral reefs key internal link to biodiversity  
NOAA 08 (NOAA, March 25th, 2008, “Importance of Coral Reefs”, http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/corals/coral07_importance.html)
Coral reefs are some of the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth. Coral
AND
100 kilometers of a coral reef and benefit from its production and protection.

Biodiversity loss risks extinction
Walsh 10 Bryan, covers environment, energy and — when the need arises — particularly alarming diseases for TIME magazine, Wildlife: A Global Convention on Biodiversity Opens in Japan, But Can It Make a Difference? October 18, 2010 http://ecocentric.blogs.time.com/2010/10/18/wildlife-a-global-convention-on-biodiversity-opens-in-japan-but-can-it-make-a-difference/#ixzz131wU6CSp
The story of non-human life on the planet Earth over the past few
AND
forgive us. We're losing nature. And that loss really is forever.

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bingham NS | Judge: Kyle Eriksen
Man is not gender neutral—interchanging it with people shapes reality perpetuating gender inequality and excluding women from this place
Writing Center 2010 (The Writing Center, University of North Carolina. “Gender-Sensitive Language.” February 11, 2010. http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/gender.html, KD) 

English speakers and writers have traditionally been taught to use masculine nouns and pronouns in
AND
that you can "mix and match" as necessary when you write. 

Masculine lenses make extinction inevitable and turn the case—vote negative to reject the affirmatives gendered lens—it’s the only way to open up new frameworks of thought
Clark 4—French Professor of Conflict Resolution at George Mason University (Mary E, ‘Rhetoric, Patriarchy and War: Explaining the Dangers of "Leadership" in Mass Culture, Women and Language’ pg. 21, KD)
Today's Western patriarchal world view now dominates globalwide dialogue among the "leaders" of
AND
framework-for thinking, dialoguing and visioning new patterns of intersocietal interaction.

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 3 | Opponent: Rowland Hall KG | Judge: Ian Dalton
We resolve to think the Cuban freedom fighter. 

Discourse of terrorism dominates the debate sphere
Bartolucci 10Department of Peace Studies, Bradford University, Bradford, UK (Valentia.  “Critical Studies on Terrorism” pg. # . Routledge. 26 May 2010. Academia. http://www.academia.edu/595081/Analysing_elite_discourse_on_terrorism)//JuneC//

‘Terrorism’ is a ubiquitous discourse with diffuse effects on many aspects of the publicand
AND
use of text highlighting to drawn out the nature of the analysis undertaken.¶

Social Discourse has made the orthodox view of terrorism common sense further pushing “the labeled” into violence and exclusion
Nimmer ‘7, Livio. Master Student at University of Tartu. “DE-CONTEXTUALIZATION IN THE TERRORISM DISCOURSE: A SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONIST VIEW” www.ksk.edu.ee/wp.../KVUOA_Toimetised_14_10_livio_nimmer.pdf ? SKX

?“Why do they hate us?”” was the questions many were asking in the
AND
in the form of terrorist networks that transcend the borders of states.15

Tournament: NDCA | Round: 1 | Opponent: Niles West NP | Judge: Sara Sanchez
The United States federal government should initiate a binding impact assessment regarding the consequences of substantially increasing its economic engagement toward Mexico through the North American Development Bank with regard to border infrastructure and adopt such a measure only if it can be made consistent with human rights ratified by the United States. 

The counterplan solves and results in effective implementation of the plan.
MacNaughton, 11  Copyright (c) 2011 by Sargent Shriver National Center on
AND
.4972 G.MacNaughton@neu.edu, p. lexis
C. Human Rights Impact Assessment Human rights impact assessment is a process to investigate
AND
should consider how they might integrate human rights into their poverty law work.

It competes and is theoretically legitimate --- it’s a PIC out of “economic engagement” --- a responsible engagement strategy is key to broader human rights compliance --- the plan and the perm fail.
Forcese, 02 Craig, Globalizing Decency: Responsible Engagement in an Era of Economic Integration, † BA, McGill; MA, Carleton; LL.B., Ottawa; LL.M., Yale; Member of the Bars of New York, Ontario and the District of Columbia. Associate, Hughes, Hubbard and Reed, LLP
Towards a Doctrine of Responsible Engagement Put simply, the proposed notion of “responsible
AND
by the international legal context in which they would be expected to operate.

That solves human rights leadership
Wexler, 8 Lesley, Assistant Professor, Florida State University College of Law “HUMAN RIGHTS IMPACT STATEMENTS: AN IMMIGRATION CASE STUDY”, 22 Geo. Immigr. L.J. 285, p. lexis
IV. HUMAN RIGHTS IMPACT ASSESSMENT: APPLICATION IN THE IMMIGRATION CONTEXT
To develop
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the domain of "immigration policy" would be subject to automatic assessment.

Human rights cred solves global war
Burke-White 4 (William W., Lecturer in Public and International Affairs and Senior Special Assistant to the Dean, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Spring 2004, Harvard Human Rights Journal, 17 Harv. Hum. Rts. J. 249, p. 279-280)
This Article presents a strategic--as opposed to ideological or normative--argument that
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U.S.-U.N. cooperation on human rights issues.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 5 | Opponent: Green Valley BH | Judge: Scott Odekirik
Intellectualism and post-structural analysis breads inaction and diverts the focus from the international stage—this makes exercising hegemony impossible
Willis, 95 – Professor of Journalism and Director of Concentraion in Cultural Reporting and Criticism at NYU, 12-19-95 (Ellen, The Village Voice)VP
If intellectuals are more inclined to rise to the discrete domestic issue than the historic
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is simply the most practical way of resolving those "implacable ancient rivalries."

Their musings of utopian societies drain support for hegemony—and we’ll indict their methodology—their K is so deep within the ivory tower that it can’t even access society
Hanson, 03 (Victor Davis, Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Professor Emeritus at California University, Fresno, Ph.D. from Stanford, “We Could Still Lose.” National Review Online. August 11. http://www.hoover.org/publications/digest/3050721.html.)//VP
If one were to collate the news reports about the Mosul shootout, the lessons
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—whining and debating to the end, even as they pass away. 

The impact is global warfare
Kagan ‘7, Robert Kagan (Senior Associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and Senior Transatlantic Fellow at the German Marshall Fund) 2007 “End of Dreams, Return of History,” Hoover Institution, No. 144, August/September, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/6136
The jostling for status and influence among these ambitious nations and would-be nations
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new instability, one likely to draw the United States back in again.

The alternative is a micro-political embrace of hegemony

Calling intellectual attention to hegemony in terms of maximizing its productivity incorporates the reasons hegemony may be bad in the squo—their purely anti-institutional politics fail to consider our alternative
Adolphs and Karakayali, 07 – (Micropolitics and Hegemony, Both Fellows @ European Institute of Progressive Cultural Policies, http://eipcp.net/transversal/0607/adolphs-karakayali/en)//VP
The starting point for this article was our joint reading of the text “1968
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a new practice of politics, which has an anti-passive effect.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 5 | Opponent: Green Valley BH | Judge: Scott Odekirik
Intellectualism and post-structural analysis breads inaction and diverts the focus from the international stage—this makes exercising hegemony impossible
Willis, 95 – Professor of Journalism and Director of Concentraion in Cultural Reporting and Criticism at NYU, 12-19-95 (Ellen, The Village Voice)VP
If intellectuals are more inclined to rise to the discrete domestic issue than the historic
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is simply the most practical way of resolving those "implacable ancient rivalries."

Their musings of utopian societies drain support for hegemony—and we’ll indict their methodology—their K is so deep within the ivory tower that it can’t even access society
Hanson, 03 (Victor Davis, Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Professor Emeritus at California University, Fresno, Ph.D. from Stanford, “We Could Still Lose.” National Review Online. August 11. http://www.hoover.org/publications/digest/3050721.html.)//VP
If one were to collate the news reports about the Mosul shootout, the lessons
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—whining and debating to the end, even as they pass away. 

The impact is global warfare
Kagan ‘7, Robert Kagan (Senior Associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and Senior Transatlantic Fellow at the German Marshall Fund) 2007 “End of Dreams, Return of History,” Hoover Institution, No. 144, August/September, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/6136
The jostling for status and influence among these ambitious nations and would-be nations
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new instability, one likely to draw the United States back in again.

The alternative is a micro-political embrace of hegemony

Calling intellectual attention to hegemony in terms of maximizing its productivity incorporates the reasons hegemony may be bad in the squo—their purely anti-institutional politics fail to consider our alternative
Adolphs and Karakayali, 07 – (Micropolitics and Hegemony, Both Fellows @ European Institute of Progressive Cultural Policies, http://eipcp.net/transversal/0607/adolphs-karakayali/en)//VP
The starting point for this article was our joint reading of the text “1968
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a new practice of politics, which has an anti-passive effect.

Tournament: Long Beach | Round: 1 | Opponent: St Vincent de Paul DG | Judge: Goldberg
Text: The United States federal government should establish a bilateral partnership with the government of Mexico against trafficking.

CP solves the aff and eliminates the human/non human binary
Deckha, 10 – Associate Professor at the University of Victoria Faculty of Law in Victoria (Maneesha, 12/13/10, “It’s time to abandon the idea of ‘human’ rights”, http://www.thescavenger.net/animals/its-time-to-abandon-the-idea-of-human-rights-77234-536.html)//VP
While the intersection of race and gender is often acknowledged in understanding the etiology of
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only for humans made vulnerable by their dehumanization, but nonhumans as well.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Hamilton RS | Judge: Leila McClay
The United States federal government should condition plan on ending human rights abuses by Mexican forces. The United States federal government should enact a periodic certification process to determine that abuses are effectively investigated and prosecuted.

Aid without human rights conditions send the message that US condones torture and violence – turns the aff and reinforces organized crime
WOLA 10 – Washington Office on Latin America (“Congress: Withhold Funds for Mexico Tied to Human Rights Performance,” 9/14/2010, http://www.wola.org/publications/congress_withhold_funds_for_mexico_tied_to_human_rights_performance) RGP
However, research conducted by our respective organizations, Mexico’s National Human Rights Commission,
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established by Congress, particularly those dealing with prosecuting military abuses and torture:

Tournament: Alta | Round: 7 | Opponent: Carrollton DT | Judge: Ideen Saiedian
The United States federal government should condition the PLAN on ending human rights abuses by Mexican forces. The United States federal government should enact a periodic certification process to determine that abuses are effectively investigated and prosecuted.
Doing the plan without human rights conditions sends the message that the US condones torture and violence – turns the aff and reinforces organized crime
WOLA 10 – Washington Office on Latin America (“Congress: Withhold Funds for Mexico Tied to Human Rights Performance,” 9/14/2010, http://www.wola.org/publications/congress_withhold_funds_for_mexico_tied_to_human_rights_performance)//VP
However, research conducted by our respective organizations, Mexico’s National Human Rights Commission,
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established by Congress, particularly those dealing with prosecuting military abuses and torture:

Conditioning on human rights violators is necessary to uphold a moral order – protecting rights is an a-priori concern
Beversluis, 89 (Eric H. April 1989. “On Shunning Undesirable Regimes: Ethics and Economic Sanctions.” Public Affairs Quarterly, April, vol. 3, no. 2)VP
A fundamental task of morality is resolving conflicting interests. If we both want the same piece of land, ethics provides a basis for resolving the conflict by identifying "mine" and "thine." If in anger 1 want to smash your face, ethics indicates that your face's being unsmashed is a legitimate interest of yours which takes precedence over my own interest in expressing my rage. Thus ethics identifies the rights of individuals when their interests conflict.
But how can a case for shunning be made on this view of morality?
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, but on whether he deserves the punishment for violating the moral order.
Punishment than can be viewed as a way of maintaining the moral order, of "purifying the community" after it has been made "unclean," as ancient communities might have put it.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 5 | Opponent: Greenhill JD | Judge: Dana Randall
Immigration reform will pass --- pc is key and Obama is pushing – focus is key
McMorris-Santoro 10/15
Evan, BuzzFeed Staff, Obama Has Already Won The Shutdown Fight And He’s Coming For Immigration Next, 10/15/13, http://www.buzzfeed.com/evanmcsan/obama-has-already-won-the-shutdown-fight-and-hes-coming-for
As the fiscal fight roiling Washington nears its end, the White House is already
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fit the bill since we see voters across party lines calling for reform.”

Economic engagement is unpopular – costs PC
NYT 13
New York Times. “In Latin America, U.S. Focus Shifts From Drug War to Economy” May 4, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/05/world/americas/in-latin-america-us-shifts-focus-from-drug-war-to-economy.html?pagewanted=alland_r=1and
Last week, Mr. Obama returned to capitals in Latin America with a vastly
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Felbab-Brown, a counternarcotics expert at the Brookings Institution in Washington. 

Key to the economy
Krudy ‘13 Edward. Politics for Reuters. “Analysis: Immigration Reform could Boost US Economic Growth” Reuters, 1/29/13 ln
The sluggish U.S. economy could get a lift if President Barack Obama
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system doesn't seem to work for anyone," Chipotle spokesman Chris Arnold said.

Nuclear war
Harris and Burrows 9
Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf
Increased Potential for Global Conflict
Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is
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within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 3 | Opponent: Glenbrook South | Judge: Samantha Varney
The United States federal government should ask the governments of Brazil and Mexico to diplomatically engage Cuba on its behalf. The United States federal government should inform Brazil and Mexico that it will abide by the results of negotiations, and implement any policy changes that negotiations between Brazil, Mexico, and Cuba recommend.

CP solves the case and avoids politics
Iglesias, 12 – Commander, US Navy. Paper submitted for the Master of Strategic Studies Degree at the the US Army War College (Carlos, “United States Security Policy Implications of a Post-Fidel Cuba” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA560408)//VP  
GOC = Government of Cuba, FAR = Cuban military
Unlike the policy implications above, the major hurdle to this interest does not come
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displacement of anti-American influences (e.g. Chávez). 100

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Cedar Rapids Washington BK | Judge: Sara Sanchez
A deal to stall Iran’s nuclear program is coming – Obama will hold off Senate sanctions now – key to prevent Iran prolif
Landler and Sanger 11/14 (Mark and David, New York Times, Obama Calls for Patience in Iran Talks, 11/14/13, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/15/us/politics/obama-iran.html?_r=0)
President Obama made a vigorous appeal to Congress on Thursday to give breathing space to
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will, just like the European Union and the United States have done.”

link

Capital key – prevents confrontation
Cockburn 11/11 Patrick, author of Muqtada: Muqtada Al-Sadr, the Shia Revival, and the Struggle for Iraq, Why Iran’s Concessions Won’t Lead to a Nuclear Agreement, 11/11/13, http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/11/11/why-irans-concessions-wont-lead-o-a-nuclear-agreement/
On the other hand, the decision by President Obama not to launch airstrikes against
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extinguished by those who believe that confrontation with Iran works better than diplomacy.

Deal key to prevent war and Iran prolif
Shank and Gould 9/12  Michael Shank, Ph.D., is director of foreign policy at the Friends Committee on National Legislation. Kate Gould is legislative associate for Middle East policy at FCNL, No Iran deal, but significant progress in Geneva, 9/12/13, http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/cause-conflict-conclusion/2013/nov/12/no-iran-deal-significant-progress-geneva/
Congress should welcome, not stubbornly dismiss, diplomatic efforts to finalize the interim accord
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Iran’s enrichment program as well as Congress’s obstructionism to a peaceful path forward.

US-Iran war causes global nuclear war and collapses the global economy  
Avery 11/6  John Scales, Lektor Emeritus, Associate Professor, at the Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, since 1990 he has been the Contact Person in Denmark for Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, An Attack On Iran Could Escalate Into Global Nuclear War, 11/6/13, http://www.countercurrents.org/avery061113.htm
Despite the willingness of Iran's new President, Hassan Rouhani to make all reasonable concessions
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and future of all the peoples of the world, US citizens included.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Niles West NP | Judge: Jared Haselton
Obama is winning the fight on Iran sanctions now – sustained pressure is key to prevent new attempts at sanctions
PressTV 2/14  Congress hawks looking for new paths against Iran diplomacy, 2/14/14, http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2014/02/14/350620/us-hawks-scheming-anew-against-iran/
Republican hawks and the strong pro-Israel lobby in Washington came together to pass
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stand against diplomatic conflict resolution between Iran and the P5+1 countries.

Our link is reverse causal and uniqueness doesn’t overwhelm – a loss of political capital causes Democrats to abandon Obama on Iran
Kraushaar 11/22 Josh, National Interest, The Iran Deal Puts Pro-Israel Democrats in a Bind, 11/22/13, http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/the-iran-deal-puts-pro-israel-democrats-in-a-bind-20131122
All of this puts Democrats, who routinely win overwhelming support from Jewish Americans on
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be surprised to see Democrats become less hesitant about going their own way.

Deal key to prevent war
Shank and Gould 9/12  Michael Shank, Ph.D., is director of foreign policy at the Friends Committee on National Legislation. Kate Gould is legislative associate for Middle East policy at FCNL, No Iran deal, but significant progress in Geneva, 9/12/13, http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/cause-conflict-conclusion/2013/nov/12/no-iran-deal-significant-progress-geneva/
Congress should welcome, not stubbornly dismiss, diplomatic efforts to finalize the interim accord
AND
Iran’s enrichment program as well as Congress’s obstructionism to a peaceful path forward.

US-Iran war causes global nuclear war and collapses the global economy  
Avery 11/6  John Scales, Lektor Emeritus, Associate Professor, at the Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, since 1990 he has been the Contact Person in Denmark for Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, An Attack On Iran Could Escalate Into Global Nuclear War, 11/6/13, http://www.countercurrents.org/avery061113.htm
Despite the willingness of Iran's new President, Hassan Rouhani to make all reasonable concessions
AND
and future of all the peoples of the world, US citizens included.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Niles West NP | Judge: Jared Haselton
Obama is winning the fight on Iran sanctions now – sustained pressure is key to prevent new attempts at sanctions
PressTV 2/14  Congress hawks looking for new paths against Iran diplomacy, 2/14/14, http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2014/02/14/350620/us-hawks-scheming-anew-against-iran/
Republican hawks and the strong pro-Israel lobby in Washington came together to pass
AND
stand against diplomatic conflict resolution between Iran and the P5+1 countries.

Our link is reverse causal and uniqueness doesn’t overwhelm – a loss of political capital causes Democrats to abandon Obama on Iran
Kraushaar 11/22 Josh, National Interest, The Iran Deal Puts Pro-Israel Democrats in a Bind, 11/22/13, http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/the-iran-deal-puts-pro-israel-democrats-in-a-bind-20131122
All of this puts Democrats, who routinely win overwhelming support from Jewish Americans on
AND
be surprised to see Democrats become less hesitant about going their own way.

Deal key to prevent war
Shank and Gould 9/12  Michael Shank, Ph.D., is director of foreign policy at the Friends Committee on National Legislation. Kate Gould is legislative associate for Middle East policy at FCNL, No Iran deal, but significant progress in Geneva, 9/12/13, http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/cause-conflict-conclusion/2013/nov/12/no-iran-deal-significant-progress-geneva/
Congress should welcome, not stubbornly dismiss, diplomatic efforts to finalize the interim accord
AND
Iran’s enrichment program as well as Congress’s obstructionism to a peaceful path forward.

US-Iran war causes global nuclear war and collapses the global economy  
Avery 11/6  John Scales, Lektor Emeritus, Associate Professor, at the Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, since 1990 he has been the Contact Person in Denmark for Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, An Attack On Iran Could Escalate Into Global Nuclear War, 11/6/13, http://www.countercurrents.org/avery061113.htm
Despite the willingness of Iran's new President, Hassan Rouhani to make all reasonable concessions
AND
and future of all the peoples of the world, US citizens included.

Tournament: Emory | Round: 6 | Opponent: Chattahoochee WP | Judge: Nick Fiori
Obama is using PC to hold the line on Iran sanctions now
Haaretz 1/22  Will AIPAC-Obama sanctions clash dent pro-Israel lobby’s clout?, 1/22/14, http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/jewish-world-news/1.569900
In previous AIPAC vs. White House dustups, the pro-Israel lobbying group’s
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to say we’re not going to blink," said the Jewish organizational official.

democrats don’t like the plan and it is high visibility
LeoGrande, 13 –  is a professor in the department of government at American University's School of Public Affairs (William, “The Danger of Dependence: Cuba's Foreign Policy After Chavez”, 02 Apr 2013, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/12840/the-danger-of-dependence-cubas-foreign-policy-after-chavez)//eek
But the momentum in Washington soon dissipated in the face of more pressing foreign policy
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term, relations with Cuba were not much better than at the start.

Deal key to prevent war
Shank and Gould 9/12  Michael Shank, Ph.D., is director of foreign policy at the Friends Committee on National Legislation. Kate Gould is legislative associate for Middle East policy at FCNL, No Iran deal, but significant progress in Geneva, 9/12/13, http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/cause-conflict-conclusion/2013/nov/12/no-iran-deal-significant-progress-geneva/
Congress should welcome, not stubbornly dismiss, diplomatic efforts to finalize the interim accord
AND
Iran’s enrichment program as well as Congress’s obstructionism to a peaceful path forward.

US-Iran war causes global nuclear war and collapses the global economy  
Avery 11/6  John Scales, Lektor Emeritus, Associate Professor, at the Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, since 1990 he has been the Contact Person in Denmark for Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, An Attack On Iran Could Escalate Into Global Nuclear War, 11/6/13, http://www.countercurrents.org/avery061113.htm
Despite the willingness of Iran's new President, Hassan Rouhani to make all reasonable concessions
AND
and future of all the peoples of the world, US citizens included.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 4 | Opponent: University Prep RV | Judge: Andre Washington
¬¬¬¬¬Their sole focus on racial injustice marginalizes bodies affected by other forms of oppression. This leads to violent forms of exclusion and causes further racial oppression-turns the case
Hutchinson, 99 Darren Leonard, Assistant Professor, Southern Methodist University School of Law, “Ignoring the Sexualization of Race: Heteonormativity, Critical Race Theory and Anti-Racist Politics,” Buffalo Law Review, Winter, 47 Buffalo L. Rev. 1, pg. lexis, ALB
My analysis expands the emergent race-sexuality critiques and my own ongoing analysis of
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racist advocacy, and creates a discriminatory and heteronormative model of racial justice.

This prevents coalition building, causes alignment with conservative organizations and reinforces oppression across the spectrum
Hutchinson, 99 Darren Leonard, Assistant Professor, Southern Methodist University School of Law, “Ignoring the Sexualization of Race: Heteonormativity, Critical Race Theory and Anti-Racist Politics,” Buffalo Law Review, Winter, 47 Buffalo L. Rev. 1, pg. lexis, ALB
2. Other Problems Caused by Anti-Racist Heteronormativity. In addition to rendering
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legitimization of subordination by a progressive movement is (again) patently contradictory.

They overprivilege the experience of  which fundamentally excludes other bodies affected by the oppression from participating. “Intersecting” forms of privilege and oppression affect everyone --- only our methodology solves the structures they critique
Hutchinson, 99 Darren Leonard, Assistant Professor, Southern Methodist University School of Law, “Ignoring the Sexualization of Race: Heteonormativity, Critical Race Theory and Anti-Racist Politics,” Buffalo Law Review, Winter, 47 Buffalo L. Rev. 1, pg. lexis, ALB¶
I. Multidimensionality: A Challenge to Narrow Conceptions of Oppression and Identity¶ A
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uncovering the multidimensionality of women of color and their historical experiences with subordination.

Tournament: Long Beach | Round: Octas | Opponent: Damien LL | Judge: Trebble, McClay, Idriss
Text: The United States federal government should enter into negotiations with Canada and Mexico seeking:
- a North American Plan for Infrastructure and Transportation
- the elimination of rules of origin and the establishment of a common external tariff
- the establishment of a North American Commission on Regulatory Convergence
- the establishment of a fund for North American research centers

The CP solves the aff better and will capture every benefit of the TPP – but sequencing matters.  The CP creates a stronger North American negotiating position for future trade deals
Pastor 12 – professor and director of the Center for North American Studies at American University (Robert A, “North America or Asia? The 21st Century Choice for the United States,” 1/23/12, http://www.canambusco.org/resources/UofMiamiPerspectives-Pastor-NA_or_Asia-FINAL.pdf)//SJF

Introduction While the debate on the costs and benefits of globalization continues, the world
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fears and erroneous information and to build interest in a North American community.

Tournament: Long Beach | Round: 1 | Opponent: St Vincent de Paul DG | Judge: Goldberg
US economic engagement with Mexico is a vehicle for neoliberal exploitation for the entire region – the plan becomes a tool for military intervention and US security interests while strengthening its economic grip over Latin America
Jacobs, 04 – Assistant Prof of Polisci at West Virginia University (Jamie Elizabeth, "Neoliberalism and Neopanamericanism: The View from Latin America," Latin American Politics and Society 46.4 (2004) 149-152, MUSE)VP
The advance of neoliberalism suffers no shortage of critics, both from its supporters who
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hegemony through the use of the advantages of the international division of labor. 

Neoliberalism causes extinction
Darder, 10 – Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign (“Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii)VP
GENDER MODIFIED  
It is fitting to begin my words about Richard Kahn’s Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy,
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the well-being of all species with whom we walk the earth. 

The alternative is to reject the 1ac to interrogate neoliberal economic engagement with latin America from the starting point of knowledge production- that is a prerequisite to breaking down neoliberalism
Walsh, 12 – Estudios Culturales Latinoamericanos de la Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar (Catherine, “The Politics of Naming”, Cultural Studies, 26.1, Project Muse)VP
Cultural Studies, in our project, is constructed and understood as more than a
AND
only one of our options, and part of the politics of naming.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Jesuit Dallas TW | Judge: Collin Roark
Text: The United States federal government should normalize trade relations with Cuba except barriers to giving technology and expertise for oil production and exploration in Cuba.

Normalizing trade relations ensures rush toward expansive drilling—purely exploratory now – causes spills
Claver-Carone, 08 – director of the US-Cuba Democracy PAC (Mauricio, “How the Cuban embargo protects the environment,” The New York Times, July 25, Online: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/25/opinion/25iht-edcarone.1.14793496.html)//VP
For almost a decade now, the Castro regime has been lauding offshore lease agreements
AND
the assets of these companies, there is no legal recourse in Cuba.

Spills destroy the ecosystem —magnified by higher concentration of unique wildlife post-BP spill
Malik, 10 – Masters in Philosophy at Oxford University (Stephanie, “Ethical Questions Surrounding the BP Oil Spill,” Practical Ethics, June 29, Online: http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2010/06/ethical-questions-surrounding-the-bp-oil-spill/)//VP
Conspicuously absent from Obama’s address was genuine acknowledgment of the sheer magnitude of the damage
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and otherwise harming them,” said Justin Goodman, a representative of PETA.

Specifically oil drilling in Cuba would devastate biodiversity.
Kozloff, 10 – writer for the Huffington Post and PhD in Latin American History from Oxford (Nikolas, “Left Must Fine Tune its Position on Cuba Embargo in Light of Oil Spill,” Monga Bay, May 26, Online: http://news.mongabay.com/2010/0526-kozloff_cuba.html)//VP
From an environmental point of view, the prospect of offshore oil development going forward
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out. Crucially important, the islets serve as refuges for endangered species.

That causes extinction
Craig 03 – Associate Professor of Law at the Indiana University School of Law (Robin Kundis Craig, 2003, “Taking Steps Toward Marine Wilderness Protection? Fishing and Coral Reef Marine Reserves in Florida and Hawaii” http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1289250)//VP
Biodiversity and ecosystem function arguments for conserving marine ecosystems also exist, just as they
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jelly." n864 More importantly, the Black Sea is not necessarily unique.

Tournament: Emory | Round: 3 | Opponent: Houston County HP | Judge: Scott Brown
Text: The United States federal government should coordinate emergency oil spill response efforts with Cuba per the recommendations of Bert and Clayton.

Recommendations solve -
Bert and Clayton ’12 – Captain of the US Coast Guard/military fellow (U.S. Coast Guard) at the Council on Foreign Relations and a fellow for energy and national security at the Council on Foreign Relations (Captain Melissa and Blake,  “Addressing the Risk of a Cuban Oil Spill,” Policy Innovation Memo 15, Council on Foreign Relations, http://www.cfr.org/cuba/addressing-risk-cuban-oil-spill/p27515)//CT

As a first step, … case of a well blowout.

Narrow tailoring avoids Cuba links to politics – empirically similar to other emergency response coordination in the squo
Bert and Clayton ’12 – Captain of the US Coast Guard/military fellow (U.S. Coast Guard) at the Council on Foreign Relations and a fellow for energy and national security at the Council on Foreign Relations (Captain Melissa and Blake,  “Addressing the Risk of a Cuban Oil Spill,” Policy Innovation Memo 15, Council on Foreign Relations, http://www.cfr.org/cuba/addressing-risk-cuban-oil-spill/p27515)//CT

Efforts to rewrite current … Deepwater Horizon, this time from Cuba.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: New Trier WP | Judge: Sara Sanchez
Mexico shifting from fossil fuels to renewables development now
Cision, 6/14 (Cision, 06/14/2013, Cision News, “Vision for Renewable Energy in Mexico Looks Promising,” http://news.cision.com/north-american-production-sharing~-~-inc-/r/vision-for-renewable-energy-in-mexico-looks-promising,c9428687)VP
The UNEP report on regional surges in green energy investment pointed to spending growing steadily
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sources over previous methods that focused more on oil and other fossil fuels.

Status quo hydrocarbons restrictions spur shift to renewables – plan reverses this trend
Wilson Center, 10 (“U.S.-Mexico Cooperation on Renewable Energy: Building a Green Agenda”, 3/24, Wilson Center, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/us-mexico-cooperation-renewable-energy-building-green-agenda)//VP
Mexico has large and untapped geothermal, wind, and solar deposits, said Duncan
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renewables sector further align with regional efforts to make North America energy interdependent.

Successful shift to renewables in Mexico will be modeled globally – solves climate change
Gibbs, 09 – White House Press Secretary (Robert, The White House Office of the Press Secretary, 4/16, ”U.S.-MEXICO  ANNOUNCE BILATERAL FRAMEWORK ON CLEAN ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE,” http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/us-mexico-announce-bilateral-framework-clean-energy-and-climate-change)//VP
During their discussions in Mexico City today, the two leaders agreed on the importance
AND
to take place in July after the G-8 meeting in Italy.

Climate change is a trump card – it’s the greatest existential threat
Goldgeier, 6/9 – Dean of the School of International Service at the American University in Washington (James, 2013, “J.F.K.'s 'Strategy of Peace'”, Lexis)VP
Fifty years ago, not long after the Cuban missile crisis brought the United States
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habitable planet in our time, but a habitable planet for all time.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 3 | Opponent: Gulliver Prep AS | Judge: Ryan Saxe
Their fixation on national interests and apocalyptic scenarios justifies endless violence, totalitarianism, and nuclear war—the alternative is to vote neg as an intellectual criticism of their securitizing representations—that’s a prerequisite to policy analysis
Ahmed 12 Dr. Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed is Executive Director of the Institute for Policy Research and Development (IPRD), an independent think tank focused on the study of violent conflict, he has taught at the Department of International Relations, University of Sussex "The international relations of crisis and the crisis of international relations: from the securitisation of scarcity to the militarisation of society" Global Change, Peace and Security Volume 23, Issue 3, 2011 Taylor Francis
3. From securitisation to militarisation 3.1 Complicity
This analysis thus calls for a broader approach to environmental security based on retrieving the
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, effective, and joined-up policy-making on these issues.

Tournament: Emory | Round: 3 | Opponent: Houston County HP | Judge: Scott Brown
Security threats are political constructions by experts to justify constant militarism.
Rana 12, - Aziz, Assistant Professor of Law, Cornell University Law School; A.B., Harvard College; J.D., Yale Law School; PhD., Harvard University, July 2012, “NATIONAL SECURITY: LEAD ARTICLE: Who Decides on Security?,” 44 Conn. L. Rev. 1417
Despite such democratic concerns, a large part of what makes today's dominant security concept
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central and routine instrument for incorporating mass voice into state decision-making.

That causes a self-fulfilling prophecy based on false regimes of truth – that defines difference as threatening otherness.
Jæger 2000 (Øyvind @ Norwegian Institute of International Affairs and the Copenhagen Peace Research Institute. Peace and Conflict Studies 7.2 “Securitizing Russia: Discoursive Practice of the Baltic States” shss.nova.edu/pcs/journalsPDF/V7N2.pdf”, MT)

Security is a field of practice into which subject matters can be inserted as well
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encompassing securitisation. Everyone is expected to defend everything with every possible means. 

The alt is to interrogate the epistemological failures of the 1ac --- this is a prereq to successful policy.
Ahmed 12 Dr. Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed is Executive Director of the Institute for Policy Research and Development (IPRD), an independent think tank focused on the study of violent conflict, he has taught at the Department of International Relations, University of Sussex "The international relations of crisis and the crisis of international relations: from the securitisation of scarcity to the militarisation of society" Global Change, Peace and Security Volume 23, Issue 3, 2011 Taylor Francis
While recommendations to shift our frame of orientation away from conventional state-centrism toward
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, effective, and joined-up policy-making on these issues.

Tournament: Long Beach | Round: 5 | Opponent: Damien CS | Judge: Nate Wong
CP Text: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase its short sea shipping capability for NAFTA trade opportunities towards Mexico

SSS leads to new job growth
MARAD ‘11 U.S. Department of Transportation Maritime Administration, America’s Marine Highway Report to Congress, Prepared in Consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency, April 2011, p. 12-13
Expanded use of Marine Highway services has the potential to generate orders for new vessels
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growth are the chief sources of new demand for workers throughout the economy.

Solves trade- SSS can solve congestion and leads to reliable transfer of cargo
MARAD ‘11 U.S. Department of Transportation Maritime Administration, America’s Marine Highway Report to Congress, Prepared in Consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency, April 2011, p. 17
America’s Marine Highway can play a role in alleviating this congestion on some of our
AND
and to facilitate the transition to greater use of this underutilized national asset.

Tournament: NDCA | Round: 5 | Opponent: Rowland Hall KG | Judge: Jon Sharp
Cuba is a flagrant, willful, and persistent violator of human rights — repression is worsening
Miami Herald 13 — Miami Herald, 2013 (“Human rights under abuse in Cuba,” Editorial, April 22nd, Available Online at http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/04/22/3358813/human-rights-under-abuse-in-cuba.html#storylink=cpy, Accessed 07-03-2013)
The State Department’s latest report on human-rights practices effectively puts the lie to
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who demand a genuinely free Cuba. Fundamental reform? Not a chance.

Reject engagement with human rights abusers — moral duty to shun
Beversluis 89 (Eric H. Professor of Philosophy and Economics at Aquinas College. “On Shunning Undesirable Regimes: Ethics and Economic Sanctions”. Public Affairs Quarterly. 2 April 1989. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40435708)//JuneC//
A fundamental task of morality is resolving conflicting interests. If we both want the
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failure as tacit complicity in the willful, persistent, and flagrant immorality.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: Octas | Opponent: CPS FP | Judge: McClay, Forslund, Silbey
Text: the United States federal government should add every country to the list of countries governed by Section 6(j) of the Export Administration Act, section 40 of the Arms Export Control Act, and section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act. The United States federal government should cease current and ban future projects of regime change, economic sanctions, military base expansion, military occupation, military assistance for strategic partners, isolation of disapproved political movements, and counterterrorism operations to countries governed by Section 6(j) of the Export Administration Act.

Counterplan solves – the aff takes Cuba off the list of state sponsors of terrorism, the counterplan adds every country to the list of state sponsors of terrorism but says being on the list of state sponsors of terrorism prevents the US from being able to militarily or coercively intervene in that country’s affairs. Your author concludes the only reason the list is problematic is it allows neoconservative approaches towards those countries, but we solve that better
Jackson 7 - Professor in International Politics at Aberystwyth University (Richard, “Critical reflection on counter-sanctuary discourse”, In: M. Innes, ed. Denial of sanctuary: understanding terrorist safe havens, p. 30-33) RGP
A related problem for the "terrorist sanctuaries" discourse is that it has always
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approaches to terrorism and the ongoing problem of civilian-directed state terror.

Labeling Cuba a “state sponsor of terror” hurts US credibility – removing Cuba would free resources and increase international trust.   The CP ensures US credibility remains low.  
Stephens 11 – Executive director at Center for Democracies in the Americas, panelist at George Washington University’s Elliot School of International Affairs, Cuban policy expert for the Washington Office on Latin America (Sarah, Center for International policy/Latin American Working Group, “A Call for Cuba’s Removal from the List of State Sponsers of Terrorism”, 12/1/11, http://www.lawg.org/storage/documents/Cuba/lawg_cip_dec_2011.pdf) RGP
My second point is that this really bad U.S. policy. When
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to prevent the ¶ expansion of direct flights to state sponsors of terrorism.

The credibility imperative causes threat inflation
Fettweis August 2010 (Christopher J. Fettweis, Assistant Professor of National Security Affairs in the National Security Decision Making Department at the U.S. Naval War College, holds a Ph.D. in International Relations and Comparative Politics from the University of Maryland-College Park, Associate Professor of Political Science at Tulane University, “The Remnants of Honor: Pathology, Credibility and U.S. Foreign Policy”, SSRN)
Hyperbole The credibility imperative often produces rather gaudy hyperbole, or at least underexplained dangers
AND
of the hyperbole, understanding of the origins and minimization of its effects.

Tournament: USC Round Robin | Round: 4 | Opponent: San Digueto DZ | Judge: Tom Woodhead and Clara Purk
1NC

Interpretation – economic engagement requires expanding bilateral economic relations
Kahler, 6 - Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, University of California, San Diego (M., “Strategic Uses of Economic Interdependence: Engagement Policies on the Korean Peninsula and Across the Taiwan Strait” in Journal of Peace Research (2006), 43:5, p. 523-541, Sage Publications)
Economic engagement - a policy of deliberately expanding economic ties with an adversary in order
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great power politics and that it may be more widespread than previously recognized.

This means the plan has to be government-to-government – not civil or private economic engagement
Daga, 13 - director of research at Politicas Publicas para la Libertad, in Bolivia, and a visiting senior policy analyst at the Heritage Foundation (Sergio, “Economics of the 2013-2014 Debate Topic:
U.S. Economic Engagement Toward Cuba, Mexico or Venezuela”, National Center for Policy Analysis, 5/15, http://www.ncpa.org/pdfs/Message_to_Debaters_6-7-13.pdf)

Economic engagement between or among countries can take many forms, but this document will
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some issues are more important with respect to some countries than to others.

Violation: they are not government-to-government engagement

A) limits – a government limit is the only way to keep the topic manageable – otherwise they could use any 3rd party intermediary, lift barriers to private engagement, or target civil society – it makes topic preparation impossible
B) negative ground – formal governmental channels are key to predictable relations and trade disads and counterplans that test ‘engagement’

Tournament: USC Round Robin | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harker KM | Judge: Nate Wong and Anna Dimitrijevic
Interpretation: Economic engagement has to include tangible incentives
Haass and O’Sullivan, 2k - *Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution AND a Fellow with the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution (Richard and Meghan, “Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies” Survival _{vol. 42, no. 2, Summer 2000, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf
Architects of engagement strategies can choose from a wide variety of incentives. Economic engagement
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are just some of the possible incentives used in the form of engagement.}

Violation: The plan is not tangible – it trades intangible information

That’s a voting issue:
1) Limits – intangible incentives explode the topic expanding the neg research burden to anything – even if does not exist

2) Ground – we can’t get trade links because they don’t actually send goods

Tournament: Emory | Round: 2 | Opponent: Westminster FG | Judge: Tucker Boyce
Interpretation – economic engagement only includes the use of economic tools for contact
Jakstaite, 10 - Doctoral Candidate Vytautas Magnus University Faculty of Political Sciences and Diplomacy (Lithuania) (Gerda, “CONTAINMENT AND ENGAGEMENT AS MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES” BALTIC JOURNAL OF LAW and POLITICS VOLUME 3, NUMBER 2 (2010), DOI: 10.2478/v10076-010-0015-7)
The approach to engagement as economic engagement focuses exclusively on economic instruments of foreign policy
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other types of engagement, such as the conditional-unconditional economic engagement.

‘Its’ means ownership
GEGT, 05 – Glossary of English Grammar Terms (2005, Using English, http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/possessive-pronoun.html)//VP
Mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs are the possessive pronouns used to substitute a noun and to show possession or ownership. EG. This is your disk and that's mine. (Mine substitutes the word disk and shows that it belongs to me.)

Violation – the aff establishes a framework for future engagement without actually economically engaging – it just normalizes relations

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Parkway Central LD | Judge: Tyler Salathe
The means all parts
Merriam-Websters, 8 Online Collegiate Dictionary, http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary
4 -- used as a function word before a noun or a substantivized adjective to indicate reference to a group as a whole the elite 

“Federal Government” is all three branches
Truman Library, No Date (Harry S. Truman: Library and Museum- One of thirteen presidential libraries, “Three Branches of Government”, http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/teacher_lessons/3branches/1.htm) MaxL
Our federal government has three parts. They are the Executive, (President and about 5,000,000 workers) Legislative (Senate and House of Representatives) and Judicial (Supreme Court and lower Courts).

Violation: the plan only uses one advantage of the USFG

That’s bad – it destroys neg ground allowing the aff to spike out of politics links and agent counterplans

Tournament: NDCA | Round: 4 | Opponent: Carrollton CC | Judge: Matthew Malia
1NC 

Text: The President of the United States should substantially increase lobbying and persuasion efforts, using available political resources, on behalf of Congressional enactment of Trade Promotion Authority.
An Obama push would ensure passage of TPA
Green and Goodman 4/1 Michael Green is senior vice president for Asia at the Center for Strategic and International Studies and a professor at Georgetown University and Matthew P. Goodman, a former member of the NSC staff in the Obama administration, is chair in political economy at CSIS, Why Obama and Abe should take lead on TPP, 4/1/14, http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2014/04/01/why-obama-and-abe-should-take-lead-on-tpp/
Barack Obama has described himself as America’s first Pacific president. Prime Minister Shinzo Abe
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uphold its end of the bargain if they reveal their bottom line now.

The Cuba lobby will block the plan – it costs capital to get past it
LeoGrande, 13 - professor in the department of government at American University's School of Public Affairs in Washington, D.C. (William, “The Cuba Lobby” Foreign Policy, 4/11,
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/04/11/the_cuba_lobby_jay_z
Today, U.S. relations with Latin America are suffering from an equally
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height -- more than $3 million in the last five national elections.
Losses prevent Democratic coalitions
Loomis 7 Dr. Andrew J. Loomis is a Visiting Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, and Department of Government at Georgetown University, “Leveraging legitimacy in the crafting of U.S. foreign policy”, March 2, 2007, pg 36-37, http://citation.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/1/7/9/4/8/pages179487/p179487-36.php
Declining political authority encourages defection. American political analyst Norman Ornstein writes of the domestic
AND
affects the character of U.S. policy, foreign and domestic. 

TPA key to TPP and the Asia Pivot
Miller and Nadeau 1/31 Scott Miller holds the Scholl Chair in International Business at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C. and Paul Nadeau is program manager and research associate with the Scholl Chair at CSIS. 1-31-2014 http://csis.org/publication/tpp-more-trade-agreement
The White House needs TPA because the TPP is the “pivot to Asia.”
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the President an achievable goal in advance of his April trip to Asia.
Solves nuclear conflict
Klingner 13 Bruce, senior research fellow for Northeast Asia at The Heritage Foundation, "The U.S. and Its Allies Need a Strong Defense," March-11, http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2013/03/11/will-south-korea-and-japan-take-the-nuclear-route/us-and-its-allies-need-strong-military-to-deter-north-korean-threat
So much for basketball diplomacy. Self-appointed ambassador Dennis Rodman’s trip to Pyongyang
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massive defense budget cuts undermine U.S. military capabilities and credibility.

Tournament: NDCA | Round: 1 | Opponent: Niles West NP | Judge: Sara Sanchez
Obama is pushing a renewal of unemployment benefits
The Eastern Tribune 4/8 Obama serious over jobless benefits; appeals House, 4/8/14, http://www.theeasterntribune.com/story/4570/obama-serious-over-jobless-benefits-appeals-house/#sthash.JNF0yvmk.dpbs
Several new steps are being taken by the Democrats to impress the unemployment youth across
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the process for passing the jobless bill must start as quick as possible.

His PC is key – changes the political dynamic in the House
Lowery 4/7 Wesley, Washington Post, Senate votes to restore federal funding for extended unemployment benefits, 4/7/14, http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/senate-votes-to-restore-federal-funding-for-extended-unemployment-benefits/2014/04/07/91f82310-bea3-11e3-bcec-b71ee10e9bc3_story.html
The Senate voted 59 to 38 Monday in favor of a bill that would restore
AND
by the White House has the potential to drastically change the legislative dynamic.

Engaging Mexico is politically divisive
Wilson 13
Christopher E., Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International. Center for Scholars , January, “A U.S.-Mexico Economic Alliance: Policy Options for a Competitive Region,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf
At a time when Mexico is poised to experience robust economic growth, a manufacturing
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action to support regional exporters more politically divisive than it ought to be. 

It’s key to the economy – bolsters consumer spending
Harkin 2/5 Tim. “Extending unemployment benefits will help many” January 5, 2014. http://www.press-citizen.com/article/D5/20140206/OPINION02/302060012/Extending-unemployment-benefits-will-help-many
For too many workers, that is the reality in our country today. The
AND
, helping businesses to keep up sales as the economy continues to recover.

The impact is nuclear war
Harris and Burrows 9 Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf
Increased Potential for Global Conflict
Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is
AND
more focus on preemption rather than defense, potentially leading to escalating crises.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: Octas | Opponent: CPS FP | Judge: McClay, Forslund, Silbey
1NC
Aff frees up resources to be used for the War on Terror
Levy 11 – Lecturer and Doctoral Candidate at the Josef Korbel School of International Affairs at the University of Denver, received the Leonard Marks Essay Award of the American Academy of Diplomacy, masters degree from Columbia in International Affairs. (Arturo,  Center for International policy/Latin American Working Group, “A Call for Cuba’s Removal from the List of State Sponsers of Terrorism,” 12/1/11, http://www.lawg.org/storage/documents/Cuba/lawg_cip_dec_2011.pdf)//RGP
So, let me discuss the first issue, why including Cuba on the terrorist
AND
of its demobilization, making this a non issue, the presence of members

Anti-terror efforts are only a symptom of a neoliberal domestic agenda
Lafer 4 - political economist and is an Associate Professor at the University of Oregon's Labor Education and Research Center (Gordon, “Neoliberalism by other means: the “war on terror” at home and abroad,” New Political Science 26:3, 2004, Taylor and Francis) RGP
If the war in Iraq is really about something other than weapons, what is
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of “American” companies and the prosperity of Americans has grown threadbare.

Unlimited neoliberalism and imperialist conquest inevitably results in extinction, every modern war has been a byproduct of the spread of colonialism
Harvey 6 - Distinguished Professor of Anthropology and Geography at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York (David, “Spaces of Global Capitalism: A Theory of Uneven Geographical Development,” Chapter 13, 5/7/2013) RGP
At times of savage devaluation, interregional rivalries typically degenerate into struggles over who is
AND
of the world, but by the destruction and death of global war.

Tournament: USC Round Robin | Round: 7 | Opponent: St Vincent de Paul MY | Judge: Chris Crowe and Olivia Panchal
Yellen will likely be confirmed as the next Federal Reserve chair
Europost 10/18/13 ("Janet Yellen rises to FED head challenge," http://www.europost.bg/article?id=8754)
For the first time in its cen¬tu¬ry-old his¬to¬ry, the US Fed¬er¬al Reserve
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the 100-seat Sen¬ate. Dem¬o¬crats con¬trol the cham¬ber 54-46.

Link

Capital key to securing the new Fed chair
Collier 9/30/13 (Sustainable Wealth Management, "Perspectives: Four Challenges Facing the Markets This Fall," http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:mVzW9cxQi5YJ:www.collierswm.com/blog/perspectives-four-challenges-facing-markets-fall+andcd=15andhl=enandct=clnkandgl=us)//VP
Current Fed Chairman, Ben Bernanke, will step down from his position in January and his replacement will be named soon. Rumors about President Obama’s nomination are flying and we can expect a contentious confirmation process by the Senate, filled with horse-trading and negotiations. The new Fed chairman will have the responsibility of managing the tapering process and ending the Fed’s unprecedented quantitative easing programs while keeping the economy on track.iii

Yellen key to the global economy
Crutsinger and Wiseman 10/9/13 (Martin and Paul, AP Economics Writers, "As Fed chair, Yellen would face tough challenges," http://www.dallasnews.com/business/headlines/20131009-as-fed-chair-yellen-would-face-tough-challenges.ece?nclick_check=1)//VP
Yellen would also take over the Fed at a critical time for China, the
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Fed vice chairman who served with Yellen at the Fed in the 1990s.

Global nuclear war
Harris and Burrows 9 (Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor of the U.S. National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer, member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf)
Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is
AND
within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.