1AC critical border 1NC framework spivak K heidegger k 2NR framework
Dowling
2
Opponent: Millard North TC | Judge: Bruce Miller
1AC Cuba Courts (I-Law hegemony with global modeling)
1NC T EE T USFG Neolib K Iran Sanctions Reversible Cuba Conditions CP Court Capital DA heg defense I-law bad)
2NR Neolib
Dowling
4
Opponent: Wayzata DK | Judge: Liam Hancock
1AC Lift Cuba Embargo (austerity posterity ethical engagement with other)
1NC Iran Sanctions Latina Fem K Franke K ethicsdeontology bad nuclear war is real extinction is real util is good)
2NR Latina Fem K
Dowling
5
Opponent: Bishop Guertin ST | Judge: Rohan Sadagopal
1AC Cuban Sugar Ethanol (Brazil Environment Oil Dependence with heg)
1NC T EEfx Iran Sanctions Memo CP Heidegger K China SOI DA Brazil Economy DA on case heg bad turns warming D sugar ethanol turns)
2NR T EEfx
Evanston
2
Opponent: Niles North BG | Judge: Karthik Srinivasan
1AC Embargo w heg and china 1NC T EE immigration reform reversible cuba conditions CP steigler K Russia soi heg turns china defense gradualism da on case
2NR heg bad and gradualism
Evanston
4
Opponent: New Trier DL | Judge: Shabaka Verna
1AC Cuba oil w heg 1NC T EE immigration reform ptx russia soi memo cp heidegger k heg turns 2NR heidegger
Evanston
6
Opponent: Niles North OW | Judge: Jeff Buntin
1AC embargo w heg and warming 1NC T qpq CIR ptx memo cp steigler k russia soi warming turns and heg bad 2NR steigler
Ohio Valley
1
Opponent: Pace Academy FQ | Judge: Melanie Campbell
1AC Cuba Embargo (multilat sugar ethanol)
1NC t EE t FX Iran Sanctions Commissions CP Stiegler K Multilat bad enviro D
2nr iran sanctions and commissions
Ohio Valley
4
Opponent: Calhoun GM | Judge: Stephen Weil
1AC federal judiciary should rule gitmo unconstitutional
1NC T USFG is all 3 branches XO CP court legitimacy DA court capital DA Iran Sanctions Heidegger K extinction impacts are real nuclear war real deontology bad
2NR T USFG
Ohio Valley
6
Opponent: Johns Creek BJ | Judge: Ross Gordon
1AC THA (mexican stability heg)
1NC farm bill T EE T FX OFSA CP Heidegger K heg bad mexican economy D
2NR Heidegger
Ohio Valley
Doubles
Opponent: Johns Creek DF | Judge: Gordon, Murphy, Roman
1NC T EE T FX farm bill memo CP Heidegger K inherency pemex turns bio diversity D mexican stability D dodd frank turns
2NR Heidegger K
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
Entry
Date
CO2 ag
Tournament: Evanston | Round: 6 | Opponent: Niles North OW | Judge: Jeff Buntin Increased CO2 is key to crop fertilization and averting worldwide famine Idso 11 (Craig Idso, former founder, president, and current chairman of Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, 6/15/11, “Estimates of Global Food Production in the Year 2050: Will We Produce Enough to Adequately Feed the World?” http://www.co2science.org/education/reports/foodsecurity/GlobalFoodProductionEstimates2050.pdf page 7). The idea that an increase … variety of environmental stresses (Lemon, 1983).
CO2 increases water use efficiency and enhances stomatas – allows for an increase in crop production which solves global food shortages Idso 11 (Sherwood Idso, former research physicist for the Department of Agriculture, 7/6/11, “Meeting the Food Needs of a Growing World Population,” http://www.co2science.org/articles/V14/N27/EDIT.php). Parry and Hawkesford (2010) … start of the millennium." ¶
This solves warming – plant productivity triggers a positive feedback loop with carbon sequestration Idso 11 (Sherwood Idso, former research physicist for the Department of Agriculture, 7/6/11, “Meeting the Food Needs of a Growing World Population,” http://www.co2science.org/articles/V14/N27/EDIT.php). Many and varied … in the long run.
2/13/14
FrameworkSpivak K
Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 3 | Opponent: New Trier OW | Judge: Richard Cardenas Interpretation
The role of the ballot should be to determine whether the United States federal government should increase its economic engagement toward Cuba, Mexico or Venezuela.
Resolution DA—de-centering policy debate away from defending a controversial action prevents students from weighing the costs and benefits of a decision—their inability to facilitate a competitive clash of arguments will devolve into competing truth claims that makes a productive discussion impossible Steinberg 08 lecturer of communication studies – University of Miami, and Freeley, Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, (David L. and Austin J., Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making p. 45) Debate is a means … which will be outlined in the following discussion.
Debating the pros and cons of a resolution requires students to exercise the critical thinking skills necessary to solve their impacts of social exclusion Steinberg 08 lecturer of communication studies – University of Miami, and Freeley, Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law (David L. and Austin J., Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making p. 9-10) After several days of intense debate, … or a vote for our favored political candidate. Effective deliberation is the lynchpin of solving all existential global problems---being relevantly informed is key Christian O. Lundberg 10 Professor of Communications @ University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, “Tradition of Debate in North Carolina” in Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century By Allan D. Louden, p311 The second major problem … democracy in an increasingly complex world.
2. Rigorous Testing DA – Predictability is the basis of negative strategy which is key to clash and depth of discussion. The impact is rigorous testing of policies which is the only way to truly understand the world. Zappen ‘4 James, Prof. Language and Literature – Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, “The Rebirth of Dialogue: Bakhtin, Socrates, and the Rhetorical Tradition”, p. 35-36) Finally, Bakhtin describes the … Gorgias, Polus, and Callicles.
3. Switchside – it’s the only effective training for activism Coverstone 05 masters in communication from Wake Forest and longtime debate coach (Alan H., “Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact,” Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference, 11/17/05) Purely Preparatory Pedagogy? Many have argued the value … of high-level contest debating.
4. Social progress DA—their project fails without concrete policy guiding it Feaver 2001 Assistant professor of political science at Duke (Peter, “Twenty-first century weapons proliferation”, p. 178) At the same time, virtually all good theory has implications for policy. Indeed, if no conceivable extension of the theory leads to insights that would aid those working in … proliferation field already does so.
Specifically true of Latin America Margheritis and Pereira ’07 (Ana- assistant professor of international relations and Latin American politics at the University of Florida and Anthony- associate professor of political science at Tulane University; “The Neoliberal Turn in Latin America: The Cycle of Ideas and the Search for an Alternative”; Latin American Perspectives, Vol. 34, No. 3, Contested Transformation (May, 2007),pp. 25-48) This analysis is offered from … promulgation have been understudied. The impact is war Hanson 07 Victor Davis Hanson, Professor of Classics at CSU Fullerton, “Why Study War?” City Journal, Summer) It’s no surprise that civilian Americans tend to lack a basic understanding of military matters. Even when I was a graduate student, 30-some years ago, military history—… we would withdraw as we had from Mogadishu.
Spivak
The focus on bare life and the theoretical apparatus of sovereignty risks impoverishing our conceptual framework and vocabulary for analyzing complex systems of power which produce statelessness. Even if you agree the magnitude of the aff impact claims, they should be rejected because their reductionist explanation only reifies the power of sovereignty and prevents effective resistance against biopower Butler and Spivak, 2010. (Judith Butler and Gayatri Spivak, Who Sings the Nation-State? Page 38-43) ¶ It may be the case that one … nothing could be worse.
The alternative is to neither be pro-sovereign or anti-sovereign but to analyze the CONTINGENT ways in which sovereignty is evoked, extended, and de-territorialized. Rejection of the aff’s universalism is the only way towards an accurate map of the complex power matrix responsible for the 1AC harms Butler and Spivak, 2010. (Judith Butler and Gayatri Spivak, Who Sings the Nation-State? Page 102-105) BUTLER. I think one perhaps needs to slow… emerging that's quite important.
2/15/14
Las Krudas
Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 2 | Opponent: University Prep RV | Judge: Brett Lind Yo represento a las personas que vienen de los Nongo, gente de la tierra, No chico malcriado, la gente que suda y scratch con los dientes y las uñas, personas que FIST un machete. Los suyos y hims juntos serán todos celebrar la prosperidad, la salud y el amor siempre abundará, no sufren, no estar abajo, todo se va a poner mejor y vamos a disfrutar de lo que tenemos ...
Coro 1: Nos quedaremos aquí Krudas con nuestra misión, el trabajo en representación de las mujeres con la voluntad sin límites. Los que prefieren la papaya, que al igual que la cobra todo denunciando juntos de esta agitada vida.
Coro 2: Me rebelo, me rebelo, me rebelo contra el que se rebelan yo. Contra el poder de los rebeldes del sistema de I, contra la supremacía me rebelo. Contra la falta de amor que se rebelan contra toda injusticia, me rebelo. (3)
Yo represento a las personas que vienen de los Nongo, gente de la tierra, No chico malcriado, la gente que suda y scratch con los dientes y las uñas, personas que FIST un machete. Los suyos y hims juntos serán todos celebrar la prosperidad, la salud y el amor siempre abundará, no sufren, no estar abajo, todo se va a poner mejor y vamos a disfrutar de lo que tenemos ...
Coro 1: Nos quedaremos aquí Krudas con nuestra misión, el trabajo en representación de las mujeres con la voluntad sin límites. Los que prefieren la papaya, que al igual que la cobra todo denunciando juntos de esta agitada vida.
Coro 2: Me rebelo, me rebelo, me rebelo contra el que se rebelan yo. Contra el poder de los rebeldes del sistema de I, contra la supremacía me rebelo. Contra la falta de amor que se rebelan contra toda injusticia, me rebelo. (3) ‘Me Rebelo’ By Las Krudas Cubensi (http://www.krudascubensi.com/lyrics/i-rebel/, 54 Seconds) *We play the portion of the song covered by the lyrics below and then I read the highlighted
I represent the people that come from the ñongo, people of the earth, not brat boy, people that sweat and scratch with their teeth and nails, people that fist a machete. The hers and hims together will all celebrate prosperity, health, and love will always abound, don’t suffer, don’t be down, everything is gonna get better and we will enjoy what we have…
Chorus 1: We shall remain here Krudas with our mission, the work representing women with boundless will. The ones that prefer papaya, that like the cobra all denouncing together of this anxious life.
Chorus 2: I rebel, I rebel, I rebel against that I rebel. Against the power of the system I rebel, against supremacy I rebel. Against a lack of love I rebel, against all injustice, I rebel.(3)
In Cuba blackness marks women as hyper masculine and an outcast.
In Cuba women are commodified for their physical appearance and femininity.
In Cuba gay pride is illegal.
In Cuba Las Krudas face each part of this compounding oppression daily.
Post revolutionary laws in Cuba have been crafted in ways that exacerbate these horrid stereotypes and oppression. The intersectionality of Las Krudas’ critique is what gives it power to challenge these discourses. Saunders, Ohio State University Assistant Professor, 9 (Dr. Tanya L. Saunders is an Assistant Professor of African American and African Studies at the Ohio State University, Caribbean Review of Gender Studies, “La Lucha Mujerista: Krudas CUBENSI and Black Feminist Sexual Politics in Cuba”, 2009, http://sta.uwi.edu/crgs/november2009/journals/CRGS20Las20Krudas.pdf, RH)
From the late 1960s through the late 1970s, … is constitutive of and reinforces Black women‘s oppression. For the US to increase its economic engagement with Cuba is to bolster the power of this sexist, antiblack and heteronormative regime. The legacy of the revolution is not gone and its imprint shapes oppression into modernity. Brookes, 9 (Peter, Senior Fellow, National Security Affairs, 4/16/2009, “Keep the Embargo, O,” Online: http://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2009/04/keep-the-embargo-o FG) In another outreach to roguish regimes… the embargo provides. The Western domination of Cuba is part of a larger system of paternalist colonial relations toward Latin America. For every positive action we take towards the Good-Left we take a negative one toward the Bad-Left. Thus a net increase of engagement is impossible. Young, NYT Staff Writer, 4/20 (Kevin, NYT, 4/20/13, “The Good, the Bad, and the Benevolent Interventionist: U.S. Press and Intellectual Distortions of the Latin American Left” http://www.nytexaminer.com/2013/04/the-good-the-bad-and-the-benevolent-interventionist-u-s-press-and-intellectual-distortions-of-the-latin-american-left/, date accessed 7/5/13 IGM) The good-left/bad-left … U.S. intervention.
We recognize that traits such as race, gender, social class, and sexual orientation form an intersection of discrimination. The role of the ballot is to reject the affirmative’s discourse that constructs a male/female binary which perpetuates the discrimination that they try to resolve. An endorsement of intersectionality liberates individuals oppressed beyond the male/female binary. These intersections are what shape the oppression of Las Krudas, black and mixed race women are invisible and silenced. Even within the hip-hop revolution the music of Las Krudas bring a highlight to gender which is often absent from these racial critiques. Fernandes, Assistant Professor of Sociology at Queens College, 7 (Sujatha, Assistant Professor of Sociology at Queens College at University of New York, “Cuba: Gender, Sexuality, And Women Rappers,” September 15, 2007, RH.) (Edited for ablist language) Black women exist … Asi soy yo, negra Traditional knowledge production in debate leads to epistemological myopia, The Aff offers an alternative method of the three-tier process, which does not exclude, but augments traditional knowledge production. Dr. Reid-Brinkley, University of Pittsburgh Department Of Communications, 8 ("THE HARSH REALITIES OF “ACTING BLACK”: HOW AFRICAN-AMERICAN POLICY DEBATERS NEGOTIATE REPRESENTATION THROUGH RACIAL PERFORMANCE AND STYLE" pages 81-83) (*Edited for ablist language) The process of signifyin’ … status of oppression.¶ Only the intervention into hegemonic discourses of colonization through the hip-hop of Las Krudas Cubensi can ever be liberatory. Status quo institutional approaches are always already gendered, homophobic and from the positionality of antiblackness. Saunders, Ohio State University Assistant Professor, 9 (Dr. Tanya L. Saunders is an Assistant Professor of African American and African Studies at the Ohio State University, Carribean Review of Gender Studies,“La Lucha Mujerista: Krudas CUBENSI and Black Feminist Sexual Politics in Cuba”, 2009, http://sta.uwi.edu/crgs/november2009/journals/CRGS20Las20Krudas.pdf, Accessed 11/14/13, NC) One of the most influential … and sexual inequalities.
The debate community is not inclusive- the price of admission is often a forced assimilation where we force debaters to become what they are not and ignore their own lived experience. That is Dr. Shanara Reid-Brinkley in 2008 ("THE HARSH REALITIES OF “ACTING BLACK”: HOW AFRICAN-AMERICAN POLICY DEBATERS NEGOTIATE REPRESENTATION THROUGH RACIAL PERFORMANCE AND STYLE") This tone characterizes … and the personalizing of debate participation. We now end the 1NC with a song from someone who knows the power of Hip Hop. Hip Hop Lives – KRS-One
Hip means to know, it's a form of intelligence To be hip is to be update and relevant Hop is a form of movement You can't just observe a hop, you gotta hop up and do it
Hip and hop is more than music Hip is the knowledge, hop is the movement Hip and Hop is intelligent movement Or relevant movement we sellin the music
So write this down on your black books and journals Hip hop culture is eternal Run and tell all your friends An ancient civilization has bee born again, it's a fact
2/15/14
Las Krudas
Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 2 | Opponent: University Prep RV | Judge: Brett Lind Yo represento a las personas que vienen de los Nongo, gente de la tierra, No chico malcriado, la gente que suda y scratch con los dientes y las uñas, personas que FIST un machete. Los suyos y hims juntos serán todos celebrar la prosperidad, la salud y el amor siempre abundará, no sufren, no estar abajo, todo se va a poner mejor y vamos a disfrutar de lo que tenemos ...
Coro 1: Nos quedaremos aquí Krudas con nuestra misión, el trabajo en representación de las mujeres con la voluntad sin límites. Los que prefieren la papaya, que al igual que la cobra todo denunciando juntos de esta agitada vida.
Coro 2: Me rebelo, me rebelo, me rebelo contra el que se rebelan yo. Contra el poder de los rebeldes del sistema de I, contra la supremacía me rebelo. Contra la falta de amor que se rebelan contra toda injusticia, me rebelo. (3)
Yo represento a las personas que vienen de los Nongo, gente de la tierra, No chico malcriado, la gente que suda y scratch con los dientes y las uñas, personas que FIST un machete. Los suyos y hims juntos serán todos celebrar la prosperidad, la salud y el amor siempre abundará, no sufren, no estar abajo, todo se va a poner mejor y vamos a disfrutar de lo que tenemos ...
Coro 1: Nos quedaremos aquí Krudas con nuestra misión, el trabajo en representación de las mujeres con la voluntad sin límites. Los que prefieren la papaya, que al igual que la cobra todo denunciando juntos de esta agitada vida.
Coro 2: Me rebelo, me rebelo, me rebelo contra el que se rebelan yo. Contra el poder de los rebeldes del sistema de I, contra la supremacía me rebelo. Contra la falta de amor que se rebelan contra toda injusticia, me rebelo. (3) ‘Me Rebelo’ By Las Krudas Cubensi (http://www.krudascubensi.com/lyrics/i-rebel/, 54 Seconds) *We play the portion of the song covered by the lyrics below and then I read the highlighted
I represent the people that come from the ñongo, people of the earth, not brat boy, people that sweat and scratch with their teeth and nails, people that fist a machete. The hers and hims together will all celebrate prosperity, health, and love will always abound, don’t suffer, don’t be down, everything is gonna get better and we will enjoy what we have…
Chorus 1: We shall remain here Krudas with our mission, the work representing women with boundless will. The ones that prefer papaya, that like the cobra all denouncing together of this anxious life.
Chorus 2: I rebel, I rebel, I rebel against that I rebel. Against the power of the system I rebel, against supremacy I rebel. Against a lack of love I rebel, against all injustice, I rebel.(3)
In Cuba blackness marks women as hyper masculine and an outcast.
In Cuba women are commodified for their physical appearance and femininity.
In Cuba gay pride is illegal.
In Cuba Las Krudas face each part of this compounding oppression daily.
Post revolutionary laws in Cuba have been crafted in ways that exacerbate these horrid stereotypes and oppression. The intersectionality of Las Krudas’ critique is what gives it power to challenge these discourses. Saunders, Ohio State University Assistant Professor, 9 (Dr. Tanya L. Saunders is an Assistant Professor of African American and African Studies at the Ohio State University, Caribbean Review of Gender Studies, “La Lucha Mujerista: Krudas CUBENSI and Black Feminist Sexual Politics in Cuba”, 2009, http://sta.uwi.edu/crgs/november2009/journals/CRGS20Las20Krudas.pdf, RH)
From the late 1960s through the late 1970s, … is constitutive of and reinforces Black women‘s oppression. For the US to increase its economic engagement with Cuba is to bolster the power of this sexist, antiblack and heteronormative regime. The legacy of the revolution is not gone and its imprint shapes oppression into modernity. Brookes, 9 (Peter, Senior Fellow, National Security Affairs, 4/16/2009, “Keep the Embargo, O,” Online: http://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2009/04/keep-the-embargo-o FG) In another outreach to roguish regimes… the embargo provides. The Western domination of Cuba is part of a larger system of paternalist colonial relations toward Latin America. For every positive action we take towards the Good-Left we take a negative one toward the Bad-Left. Thus a net increase of engagement is impossible. Young, NYT Staff Writer, 4/20 (Kevin, NYT, 4/20/13, “The Good, the Bad, and the Benevolent Interventionist: U.S. Press and Intellectual Distortions of the Latin American Left” http://www.nytexaminer.com/2013/04/the-good-the-bad-and-the-benevolent-interventionist-u-s-press-and-intellectual-distortions-of-the-latin-american-left/, date accessed 7/5/13 IGM) The good-left/bad-left … U.S. intervention.
We recognize that traits such as race, gender, social class, and sexual orientation form an intersection of discrimination. The role of the ballot is to reject the affirmative’s discourse that constructs a male/female binary which perpetuates the discrimination that they try to resolve. An endorsement of intersectionality liberates individuals oppressed beyond the male/female binary. These intersections are what shape the oppression of Las Krudas, black and mixed race women are invisible and silenced. Even within the hip-hop revolution the music of Las Krudas bring a highlight to gender which is often absent from these racial critiques. Fernandes, Assistant Professor of Sociology at Queens College, 7 (Sujatha, Assistant Professor of Sociology at Queens College at University of New York, “Cuba: Gender, Sexuality, And Women Rappers,” September 15, 2007, RH.) (Edited for ablist language) Black women exist … Asi soy yo, negra Traditional knowledge production in debate leads to epistemological myopia, The Aff offers an alternative method of the three-tier process, which does not exclude, but augments traditional knowledge production. Dr. Reid-Brinkley, University of Pittsburgh Department Of Communications, 8 ("THE HARSH REALITIES OF “ACTING BLACK”: HOW AFRICAN-AMERICAN POLICY DEBATERS NEGOTIATE REPRESENTATION THROUGH RACIAL PERFORMANCE AND STYLE" pages 81-83) (*Edited for ablist language) The process of signifyin’ … status of oppression.¶ Only the intervention into hegemonic discourses of colonization through the hip-hop of Las Krudas Cubensi can ever be liberatory. Status quo institutional approaches are always already gendered, homophobic and from the positionality of antiblackness. Saunders, Ohio State University Assistant Professor, 9 (Dr. Tanya L. Saunders is an Assistant Professor of African American and African Studies at the Ohio State University, Carribean Review of Gender Studies,“La Lucha Mujerista: Krudas CUBENSI and Black Feminist Sexual Politics in Cuba”, 2009, http://sta.uwi.edu/crgs/november2009/journals/CRGS20Las20Krudas.pdf, Accessed 11/14/13, NC) One of the most influential … and sexual inequalities.
The debate community is not inclusive- the price of admission is often a forced assimilation where we force debaters to become what they are not and ignore their own lived experience. That is Dr. Shanara Reid-Brinkley in 2008 ("THE HARSH REALITIES OF “ACTING BLACK”: HOW AFRICAN-AMERICAN POLICY DEBATERS NEGOTIATE REPRESENTATION THROUGH RACIAL PERFORMANCE AND STYLE") This tone characterizes … and the personalizing of debate participation. We now end the 1NC with a song from someone who knows the power of Hip Hop. Hip Hop Lives – KRS-One
Hip means to know, it's a form of intelligence To be hip is to be update and relevant Hop is a form of movement You can't just observe a hop, you gotta hop up and do it
Hip and hop is more than music Hip is the knowledge, hop is the movement Hip and Hop is intelligent movement Or relevant movement we sellin the music
So write this down on your black books and journals Hip hop culture is eternal Run and tell all your friends An ancient civilization has bee born again, it's a fact
Obama’s political capital is key to a fair new bill — key to food security Clayton 11/5 (Eva M., Former Congresswoman and former Assistant Director General of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Huffington Post, Congressional and Presidential Leadership Needed for a Fair and Equitable Farm Bill, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/eva-m-clayton/congressional-and-presidential_b_4221884.html)
T A. Interpretation – “economic engagement” means the aff must be an exclusively economic action – it cannot encompass broader forms of engagement Jakstaite, 10 - Doctoral Candidate Vytautas Magnus University Faculty of Political Sciences and Diplomacy (Lithuania) (Gerda, “CONTAINMENT AND ENGAGEMENT AS MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES” BALTIC JOURNAL OF LAW and POLITICS VOLUME 3, NUMBER 2 (2010), DOI: 10.2478/v10076-010-0015-7) Engagement should be defined as the means, not an end – it’s necessary for education and effective policy analysis Resnik, 1 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University (Evan, Journal of International Affairs, “Defining Engagement” v54, n2, political science complete)
Allowing effects topicality is a limits disaster on this topic Derrick, 98 - LIEUTENANT COLONEL ROBERT R. DERRICK United States Army (“ENGAGEMENT: THE NATIONS PREMIER GRAND STRATEGY, WHO'S IN CHARGE?” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA342695 K The 1AC 's problem-solution rhetoric addresses danger from a managerial perspective. This way of being educates us in to believing that the earth and humans are disposable tools.
McWhorter 92 (Ladelle, Heidegger and the Earth Essays in Environmental Philosophy, Thomas Jefferson University Press, pg.6)In order to find a different relationship to technology the alternative is to do nothing because only doing nothing allows for a new destining of being.
Harman in 09 (Graham, Professor of Philosophy @ American University in Cairo, “Cambridge Journal of Economics”, 2009, Vol. 34(1), Technology, objects and things in Heidegger p.17-25)
CP The Director of the Western Hemisphere affairs Bureau of the United States Department of State should issue and publish in the Federal Register a policy memorandum that relevant United States entities should implement the Outer Continental Shelf Transboundary Hydrocarbon Agreement Authorization Act.
Competes---the CP’s policy statement is not legally binding---it doesn’t enact the plan, it simply recommends its mandates Charles H. Koch 5, the Dudley W. Woodbridge Professor of Law, William and Mary School of Law, Spring 2005, “Policymaking by the Administrative Judiciary,” Alabama Law Review, 56 Ala. L. Rev. 693, p. lexis n110 E.g., Consol Edison Co of New York v. FERC, 315 F.3d 316, 323 (D.C. Cir 2003)
Solves the Case---the practical result is the same as binding law---the policy statement sends the signal of the plan and causes agencies to implement it James Hunnicutt 99, J.D., Boston College Law School, December 1999, “NOTE: Another Reason to Reform the Federal Regulatory System: Agencies' Treating Nonlegislative Rules as Binding Law,” Boston College Law Review, 41 B.C. L. Rev 153, p. lexis Depending on whether a rule is adopted with or without notice-and-comment process, the rule will have different legal effects. n113 The CP avoids politics---but the plan and perm link Connor N. Raso 10, J.D., Yale Law School, January 2010, “Note: Strategic or Sincere? Analyzing Agency Use of Guidance Documents,” The Yale Law Journal, 119 Yale L.J. 782, p. lexis
Mexican constitutional reform to PEMEX will pass now Upstream, 3/4/13 (Upstream is an international oil and gas newspaper, 3/4/13, “Mexico ruling party steps toward Pemex reform,” http://www.upstreamonline.com/live/article1319001.ece) Overt U.S. push for joint ventures derails PEMEX reform-turns the aff Barnes, 2011 (Joe, the Bonner Means Baker Fellow, James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, 4/29/11, “Oil and U.S.-Mexico Bilateral Relations,” http://www.bakerinstitute.org/publications/EF-pub-BarnesBilateral-04292011.pdf) No Heg internal link—US prevents collapse Starr 2010 Pamela K., Director, U.S.-Mexico Network, Associate Professor (NTT), University Fellow, Center on Public Diplomacy, University of Southern California, October 2010, http://college.usc.edu/usmexnet/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Camp-Oxford-paper-final.doc Mexico is not a western Pakistan – the rule of law is maintained and it’s far away from a failed state. Morton 11 – associate professor of political economy and fellow of the Centre for the Study of Social and Global Justice at the University of Nottingham (Adam David, “Failed-State Status and the War on Drugs in Mexico”, Winter/Spring 2011, Global Dialogue V. 13, No. 1; http://www.worlddialogue.org/content.php?id=502)//Beddow
TPP
No escalation—assumes their warrants Xudong, 12 Han, professor at the PLA University of National Defense, “Risk of armed Asian conflict on the rise, but trade links rule out war,” http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/735653.shtml 2. no US Asian war Washburn, 3/10/13 Taylor, a lawyer studying Northeast Asia at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, “a lawyer studying Northeast Asia at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies.,” http://journal.georgetown.edu/2013/03/10/averting-asias-great-war-by-taylor-washburn/ .
No historical connection between economic collapse and conflict Ferguson, 06 M.A., Laurence A. Tisch Professor of History at Harvard University, Resident faculty member of the Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies, Senior Research Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford University, and a Senior Fellow of the Hoover Institution, Stanford University (Niall, “The Next War of the World”, Foreign Affairs, September-October 2006, May 21st 2010, KONTOPOULOS) of economic catastrophe, and some severe economic crises were not followed by wars. 4. US not key to world economy – the housing crisis ended American financial hegemony Espinoza, 08 (Javier, Forbes.com. “Steinbrueck: U.S. Losing Its Financial Superpowers” http://www.forbes.com/facesinthenews/2008/09/26/steinbrueck-german-minister-face-markets-cx_je_0925autofacescan01.html) Wavering once repeals the whole bill Bennett 10- domestic and foreign investments attorney at Stroock Law firm, (Hillel, “Congress Repeals Dodd-Frank FOIA Exemption for SEC “, October 13, 2010, stroock and stroock and lavan llp, http://www.stroock.com/SiteFiles/Pub996.PDF, CJD)
Extinction O Hanlon et al, 12 O’Hanlon 12 Kenneth G. Lieberthal, Director of the John L. Thornton China Center and Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy and Global Economy and Development at the Brookings Institution, former Professor at the University of Michigan “The Real National Security Threat: America's Debt,” Los Angeles Times, July 10th, http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2012/07/10-economy-foreign-policy-lieberthal-ohanlon
Empirically denied and alternate causality – hundreds of thousands of species die annually Paltrowitz, 01 (JD Brooklyn Journal of I-Law, 2001 (A Greening of the World Trade Organisation”) 2. Species extinction won't cause human extinction – humans and the environment are adaptable Doremus, 2K (Holly, Professor of Law at UC Davis Washington and Lee Law Review, Winter 57 Wash and Lee L. Rev. 11, lexis) 4. New species fill the void Kerr, 94 (Richard, Science 28) 5. No spillover to other species Moore, 98 (Thomas, Climate of fear, why we shouldn’t worry about global warming, 1998, p.98-99)
6. Ecosystem redundancy prevents collapse Davidson, 2K (Carlos, Conservation biologist with background in economics Economic Growth and the Environment: Alternatives to the Limits Paradigm 5-1) 7. Biodiversity is not key to ecosystems Washington Post, 97 (8-29 lexis)
12/9/13
O Val rd 1
Tournament: Ohio Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Pace Academy FQ | Judge: Melanie Campbell 1 Congress is pushing for new sanctions against Iran – PC is key to stop them or they’ll derail the deal with Iran Dennis 11/24 (Steven, Roll Call, “Obama Faces Skeptical Congress as Iran Nuclear Deal Reached (Updated),” 11/24/2013, http://blogs.rollcall.com/wgdb/obama-announces-iran-nuclear-deal/)
2 A. Interpretation – “economic engagement” means the aff must be an exclusively economic action – it cannot encompass broader forms of engagement Jakstaite, 10 - Doctoral Candidate Vytautas Magnus University Faculty of Political Sciences and Diplomacy (Lithuania) (Gerda, “CONTAINMENT AND ENGAGEMENT AS MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES” BALTIC JOURNAL OF LAW and POLITICS VOLUME 3, NUMBER 2 (2010), DOI: 10.2478/v10076-010-0015-7) the plan and only the plan is the focal point of topicality. On face, the plan must exclusively increase economic engagement. Only this interpretation preserves topic education. Resnick 1 – Dr. Evan Resnick, Ph.D. in Political Science from Columbia University, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University, “Defining Engagement”, Journal of International Affairs, Spring, 54(2), Ebsco
3 A. Violation - Engagement towards a government must be conditional, the plan isn’t Haass and O’Sullivan, 2k - *Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution AND a Fellow with the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution (Richard and Meghan, “Terms of Engagement:Alternatives to PunitivePolicies” Survival vol. 42, no. 2, Summer 2000, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf
4 Increasing economic engagement is an expansion of the global proletarnization of the consumer. This increase can only lead to destruction of the economy and the destruction of value to life Bernard Stiegler 2004 The Decadence of Industrial Democracies Disbelief and Discredit, Volume 1 Translated by Daniel Ross and Suzanne Arnold pg 63
The alt is to reject the affirmative for the call to expand the economic toxicity of hyperindustrial capitalism to all corners of Latin America BernardStiegler 2010"For a new Critique of Political Economy" trans.Daniel Ross pg 4-7 5 Counterplan Text: The President of the United States of America should establish the creation of a Presidential Bipartisan Commission on Cuba to study current U.S. policy on Cuba. The Commission should recommend that the United States federal government normalize its trade relations with Cuba.
The counterplan solves case and doesn’t link to the net benefit – commissions ensure coverage for Obama Ratliff 13 (William, is a research fellow and curator of Americas Collection at Stanford University's Hoover Institution, specializing in Latin America, China, and U.S. foreign policy, “Cuba’s Tortured Transition”, Defining Ideas: A Hoover Institution Journal, January 30th 2013,http://www.hoover.org/publications/defining-ideas/article/139281, SD) Commissions avoid politics – seen as bipartisan. Straus and Glassman -12 (Matthew Eric Glassman, Analyst on the Congress, Jacob R. Straus, Analyst on the Congress, Congressional Commissions: Overview, Structure, and Legislative Considerations, February 15, 2012, CRS Reports, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40076.pdf)
Multilat LA countries want nothing to do with the US and their institutions– NSA surveillance Stea ’13 (Carla, is a staff writer at Mathaba News Network, “Latin America Condemns US Espionage at United Nations Security Council”, August 22 2013, Mathaba, http://www.mathaba.net/news/?x=633405, SD)
Multilateralism is not sustainable – too many failures and global dependence on unilateralism Gvosdev ‘09(Nikolas, a senior editor at The National Interest, is a professor of national-security studies at the U.S. Naval War College, The End of Multilateralism, http://www.nationalinterest.org/Article.aspx?id=21600, 6/12/09,)
Multilateralism fails to solve for human rights Newman et al’6, Edward Newman, a UN Assistant-Secretary- General and John Tirman, Director of the Center for International Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2006. “Multilateralism Under Challenge? Power, International Order, and Structural Change” http://i.unu.edu/unu/u/publication/000/002/308/1129-multilateralismunderchallenge.pdf) Multilateralism fails to solve diseases like AIDS Newman et al’6,( Edward Newman, of Studies on Conflict and Security in the Peace and Governance Programme of the United Nations University,Tokyo, Japan, Ramesh Thakur, Senior-Vice Rector of the United Nations University, Japan and a UN Assistant-Secretary- General and John Tirman, Director of the Center for International Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2006. “Multilateralism Under Challenge? Power, International Order, and Structural Change” http://i.unu.edu/unu/u/publication/000/002/308/1129-multilateralismunderchallenge.pdf) Multilateralism fails to address environmental challenges Newman et al’6, Edward Newman, of Studies on Conflict and Security in the Peace and Governance Programme of the United Nations University,Tokyo, Japan, Ramesh Thakur, Senior-Vice Rector of the United Nations University, Japan and a UN Assistant-Secretary- General and John Tirman, Director of the Center for International Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2006. “Multilateralism Under Challenge? Power, International Order, and Structural Change” http://i.unu.edu/unu/u/publication/000/002/308/1129-multilateralismunderchallenge.pdf
Multilateralism increases aggression, suspicion, and rivalry between countries Wesley 11 (Michael Wesley was Executive Director of the Lowy Institute for International Policy from 2009 to 2012. Previously he was Professor of International Relations and Director of the Griffith Asia Institute at Griffith University, 2 June 2011, “The dogma of multilateralism”, http://www.lowyinterpreter.org/post/2011/06/02/The-dogma-of-multilateralism.aspxSD)
Multilat allows dictators to run amok – it’s all lip service Wittman ’11 (George H. Wittmanwas the founding chairman of the National Institute for Public Policy, 4 May 2011, “Unilateralism Is Not a Crime”, http://spectator.org/archives/2011/05/04/unilateralism-is-not-a-crimeSD)
Multilateralism causes paralysis from working in the constraints of multilateral institutions and failure to solve genocide Goss 06 (Ernie Gossis currently the MacAllister Chair and Professor of Economics at Creighton University in Omaha “Darfur: The Failure of Multilateralism”, May 02, 2006) http://economictrends.blogspot.com/2006/05/darfur-failure-of-multilateralism.html)
Multilateralism causes North Korean prolif and Iranian acquirement of nukes Krauthammer 06 (Charles Krauthammer, an American Pulitzer Prize-winning syndicated columnist, political commentator, and physician, “The good, bad and ugly side of multilateralism”, http://townhall.com/columnists/charleskrauthammer/2006/08/25/the_good,_bad_and_ugly_side_of_multilateralism/page/full) That risks nuclear wars throughout Asia Cimbala 10 - Prof. of Political Science at Penn State (Stephen, Nuclear Weapons and Cooperative Security in the 21st Century, p. 117-8) Ethanol No Solvency- Food Prices are inevitable due to population growth, No reason to change biofuel policy. Anderson 12 15 October 2012 Last updated at 19:05 ET Share this pageEmailPrint¶ ShareFacebookTwitter¶ Food price crisis: What crisis?¶ By Richard Anderson¶ Business reporter, BBC New No Solvency- Cuban Sugar cane has been had serious problems lately and may close its mills. Havana Times 13 No Solvency- Sugar production is down due to outdated factory equipment. Hanson and Lee 13 U.S.-Cuba Relations¶ Authors: Stephanie Hanson, and Brianna Lee, Senior Production Editor Updated: January 31, 2013 http://www.cfr.org/cuba/us-cuba-relations/p11113
Turn- High Food prices are good for producers, private investors, and farmers.- They can also be controlled and be made sustainable. Weijing 12 http://asia.ifad.org/web/china/blogs/-/blogs/are-high-food-prices-good-or-bad?and Are high food prices good or bad?¶ POSTED BY WANG WEIJING ON 7/11/12 9:37 AM ¶ THIS ITEM IS VISIBLE BY The World (e.g. Google
The Cuban transition will be gradual and stable – Diaz-Canel makes a political transition inevitable López-Levy, 13 - PhD candidate at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies at the University of Denver (Arturo, “Getting Ready for Post-Castro Cuba,” The National Interest, 4/10, http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/getting-ready-post-castro-cuba-8316) Lifting the Embargo would pressure Cuba for rapid reforms Cave, 12 – foreign correspondent for The New York Times, based in Mexico City and has a B.A. from Boston College and an M.S. from Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism (Damien, “Easing of Restraints in Cuba Renews Debate on U.S. Embargo”, NY Times, 11/19/12, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/20/world/americas/changes-in-cuba-create-support-for-easing-embargo.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0) Slow change key to Cuban reform - avoids rapid regime collapse Feinberg 11 - professor of international political economy at UC San Dieg, nonresident senior fellow with the Latin America Initiative at Brookings (Richard E., “Reaching Out: Cuba’s New Economy and the International Response”, November, Brookings, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2011/11/1820cuba20feinberg/1118_cuba_feinberg.pdf)
A. The aff is not topical - only the executive can perform economic engagement – court action risks making the topic bidirectional UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT, 2006 (“CYNTHIA CORRIE and CRAIG CORRIE, et al. v CATERPILLAR INC”, http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/98377.pdf)
3
A) The Court will narrowly rule on affirmative action in the upcoming Schuette decision now: Scott Lemieux, 7/9/2013 (assistant professor of political science at the College of Saint Rose, “Affirmative Action's Ominous Future,” http://prospect.org/article/affirmative-actions-ominous-future, Accessed 7/25/2013, rwg) B) Conservatives oppose more energetic enforcement of customary international law: Edward Purcell, 2011 (professor @ New York Law School, in International Law in the U.S. Supreme Court, David L. Sloss (editor), accessed via google books, pg. 501) C) Decisions that anger powerful social movements will cause the Court to make decisions that realign themselves with that movement—if the Court angers Conservatives, they’ll do something to get back in their good graces: Richard H. Fallon, 2005 Jr., Professor of Constitutional Law, Harvard Law School, April 2005 “Legitimacy and the Constitution,” http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/document?_m=be00e4b6d189ddb647d9365044a5571cand_docnum=1andwchp=dGLbVzb-zSkVband_md5=7105aae1669b5f945e6a9318b42fc69d, rwg D) Conservatives want to overturn Affirmative Action—returning the US back to the Jim Crow era: Cho, 2005 professor, DePaul University College of Law, 2005 (Sumi, University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law, February, 2005, 7 U. Pa. J. Const. L. 809; Lexis) E) Affirmative action is key to military readiness: TODD NICHOLS, 2003 3/24/2003 (staff writer, “Don't undo good done by affirmative action,” http://www.seattlepi.com/news/article/Don-t-undo-good-done-by-affirmative-action-1110489.php, rwg) F) Readiness solves nuclear war: Kagan, 2007 (Robert, senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, “End of Dreams, Return of History”, 7/19, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/8552512.html) 4
A) The Roberts Court is engaged in a strategy to carefully preserve its legitimacy now: John Cassidy, 6/26/2013 (“What the G.O.P. Can Learn From DOMA and the Roberts Court,” http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/johncassidy/2013/06/what-john-roberts-can-teach-conservatives.html, Accessed 7/25/2013) B) Use of customary international law undermines Supreme Court legitimacy: T. Alexander Aleinikoff, 2004 (Associate Dean for research @ Georgetown University Law Center, Jan, 98 A.J.I.L. 91, Lexis, Accessed, 7/23/2013, rwg)
C) Loss of legitimacy prevents court from checking military, ensuring nuclear war. Kellman, prof of law @ DePaul, 1989 (Barry Kellman, prof of law @ DePaul, Dec 1989, “JUDICIAL ABDICATION OF MILITARY TORT ACCOUNTABILITY: BUT WHO IS TO GUARD THE GUARDS THEMSELVES?” 1989 Duke L.J. 1597) 5 CP Text: The president of the United States should issue an executive order to substantially increase its economic engagement toward Cuba by ruling that the United States’ occupation of Guantanamo Bay violates international law. The President is the sole channel of foreign intercourse Prakash and Ramsey, 2001 (Saikrishna B and Michael D, The Executive Power over Foreign Affairs, http://www.yalelawjournal.org/pdf/111-2/PrakashFINAL.pdf, Accessed 7-9-13, RRR) Exectutive action avoids the politics DA – doesn’t spend political capital. Howell, Associate Professor of Government @ Harvard University, 5 (William G., Associate Professor of Government @ Harvard University, “Unilateral Powers: A Brief
K
The 1AC 's problem-solution rhetoric addresses danger from a managerial perspective. This way of being educates us in to believing that the earth and humans are disposable tools.
McWhorter 92 (Ladelle, Heidegger and the Earth Essays in Environmental Philosophy, Thomas Jefferson University Press, pg.6)
Moral discourse is a link – it reaffirms power over the Earth and polices us in to a technological mindset. McWhorter '92 Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Northeast Missouri State University (Ladelle, Heidegger and the Earth, ed. by Ladelle McWhorter)JRC the earth is not a change of heart but is rather a perpetuation of human domination.'
In order to find a different relationship to technology the alternative is to do nothing because only doing nothing allows for a new destining of being.
Harman in 09 (Graham, Professor of Philosophy @ American University in Cairo, “Cambridge Journal of Economics”, 2009, Vol. 34(1), Technology, objects and things in Heidegger p.17-25)
Case
Nuclear weapons cause extinction Nissani 1992 (Associate Professor of genetics, campaign financing, environmental science and politics, greenhouse effect, English, media studies, cold war history, critical thinking, philosophy, cognitive psychology) (Moti “Lives in the Balance: the Cold War and American Politics” ch 2 http://www.is.wayne.edu/mnissani/PAGEPUB/CH2.html) 2. Great Power War is a real global threat- their ev is wishful thinking Ross 9 (Douglas, Founding director ofthe Canadian Centre for Arms Controland Disarmament in 1983 and served onthe national policy advisory group forthe Canadian Ambassadors forDisarmament from 1986 to 1993. He is aprofessor in the Political ScienceDepartment at SFU “ Weapons of Mass Destruction and the End of War?” 2009 Violence and its Alternatives—The Continuing Series www.humanities-online.ca/index.php/humanities/article/view/60/62)
3. Nuclear taboo doesn’t check back against a deliberate war
4. Even a small nuclear conflict could cause extinction and turn warming. Plus nuclear deterrence fails. Starr no date(Director of the Clinical Laboratory Science Program at the University of Missouri)(Deadly Climate Change From Nuclear War: A threat to human existence, Steven Starr, Senior Scientist with Physicians for Social Responsibility, http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-weapons/issues/effects/PDFs/starr_climate_change.pdf, posted to nucleardarkness.org) 5. Turn: can’t solve accidents – that causes nuclear war and extinction Nissani 1992 (Associate Professor of genetics, campaign financing, environmental science and politics, greenhouse effect, English, media studies, cold war history, critical thinking, philosophy, cognitive psychology) (Moti “Lives in the Balance: the Cold War and American Politics” ch 2 http://www.is.wayne.edu/mnissani/PAGEPUB/CH2.html)
6. Can’t solve nuclear proliferation – that causes nuclear war and extinction Nissani 1992 (Associate Professor of genetics, campaign financing, environmental science and politics, greenhouse effect, English, media studies, cold war history, critical thinking, philosophy, cognitive psychology) (Moti “Lives in the Balance: the Cold War and American Politics” ch 2 http://www.is.wayne.edu/mnissani/PAGEPUB/CH2.html) Obama pushing for Gitmo closure WUSA, 13 (“President Obama Reiterates Need To Close Guantanamo Bay”, 2:25 PM, Apr 30, 2013, Online, http://www.wusa9.com/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=257227, accessed 7/23/13) PE
Obama pushing to close Gitmo Dougherty, 2013 (Jill Dougherty, the foreign affairs correspondent for CNN. Based in the network’s Washington, D.C., bureau, Dougherty covers U.S. foreign policy. In addition to reporting on news developments from the State Department, she provides analysis on international issues across multiple CNN platforms and has traveled widely with Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to Europe, Asia and the Middle East. She has reported from more than 50 countries, including Afghanistan, Iraq and North Korea, “Obama to name D.C. lawyer to lead Guantanamo Bay closure”, CNN, 6/17/13, http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2013/06/17/obama-to-name-d-c-lawyer-to-lead-guantanamo-bay-closure/) The means/ends distinction is inevitable and a moral cop out. There are no absolutes. You have to weigh comparative risks Saul D. Alinsky, Activist, Professor, and Social Organizer with International Fame, Founder of the Industrial Areas Foundation, Rules for Radicals, -71, p. 24-27
Obama’s political capital is key to a fair new bill — key to food security Clayton 11/5 (Eva M., Former Congresswoman and former Assistant Director General of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Huffington Post, Congressional and Presidential Leadership Needed for a Fair and Equitable Farm Bill, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/eva-m-clayton/congressional-and-presidential_b_4221884.html)
Extinction Brown 9 (Lester R, Founder of the Worldwatch Institute and the Earth Policy Institute “Can Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization?” Scientific American, May, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=civilization-food-shortages) 2 A. Interpretation – “economic engagement” means the aff must be an exclusively economic action – it cannot encompass broader forms of engagement Jakstaite, 10 - Doctoral Candidate Vytautas Magnus University Faculty of Political Sciences and Diplomacy (Lithuania) (Gerda, “CONTAINMENT AND ENGAGEMENT AS MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES” BALTIC JOURNAL OF LAW and POLITICS VOLUME 3, NUMBER 2 (2010), DOI: 10.2478/v10076-010-0015-7) of engagement, such as the conditional-unconditional economic engagement.
Engagement should be defined as the means, not an end – it’s necessary for education and effective policy analysis Resnik, 1 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University (Evan, Journal of International Affairs, “Defining Engagement” v54, n2, political science complete)
Allowing effects topicality is a limits disaster on this topic – everything the US does effects the international economy Derrick, 98 - LIEUTENANT COLONEL ROBERT R. DERRICK United States Army (“ENGAGEMENT: THE NATIONS PREMIER GRAND STRATEGY, WHO'S IN CHARGE?” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA342695) 3 The 1AC 's problem-solution rhetoric addresses danger from a managerial perspective. This way of being educates us in to believing that the earth and humans are disposable tools.
McWhorter 92 (Ladelle, Heidegger and the Earth Essays in Environmental Philosophy, Thomas Jefferson University Press, pg.6)
In order to find a different relationship to technology the alternative is to do nothing because only doing nothing allows for a new destining of being.
Harman in 09 (Graham, Professor of Philosophy @ American University in Cairo, “Cambridge Journal of Economics”, 2009, Vol. 34(1), Technology, objects and things in Heidegger p.17-25)
4 Text: The United States Federal Government should pass the Open Fuel Standard Act.
Only way to solve dependence Luft and Korin 12 (Gal Luft and Anne Korin are co-directors of the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security (IAGS) and senior advisers to the United States Energy Security Council. They are co-authors of Turning Oil into Salt: Energy Independence through Fuel Choice (2009) and Petropoly: The Collapse of America’s Energy Security Paradigm (Forthcoming, 2012)., July/August 2012, "The Folly of Energy Independence", www.the-american-interest.com/article.cfm?piece=1266)
3. No historical connection between economic collapse and conflict Ferguson, 06 M.A., Laurence A. Tisch Professor of History at Harvard University, Resident faculty member of the Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies, Senior Research Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford University, and a Senior Fellow of the Hoover Institution, Stanford University (Niall, “The Next War of the World”, Foreign Affairs, September-October 2006, May 21st 2010, KONTOPOULOS) 4. US not key to world economy – the housing crisis ended American financial hegemony Espinoza, 08 (Javier, Forbes.com. “Steinbrueck: U.S. Losing Its Financial Superpowers” http://www.forbes.com/facesinthenews/2008/09/26/steinbrueck-german-minister-face-markets-cx_je_0925autofacescan01.html) 5. The world economy is more resilient than ever – one issue can’t cause economic collapse Behravesh, 06 (Nariman Chief economist and executive vice prez @ global insight, 2006, “the great shock absorber; Good macroeconomic policies and improved microeconomic flexibility have strengthened the global economy's 'immune system.'”, Newsweek, p. lexis)
Alt causes to the steel industry – increasing productivity Griswold, 99 Associate Director, Center for Trade Policy Studies, CATO Institute (Daniel, “Counting the Costs of Steel Protection”, CATO Institute, February 1999, http://www.freetrade.org/node/356)//RM
Obama’s embracing a strategy of retrenchment that will get the U.S. out of hegemony peacefully - the plan’s attempt to prop up heg causes great-power conflict and a violent transition to multipolarity Adam Quinn 11, Lecturer in International Studies at the University of Birmingham, July 2011, “The Art of Declining Politely: Obama’s Prudent Presidency and the Waning of American Power,” International Affairs, Vol. 87, No. 4, p. 803-824 As for the administration’s involvement in the ‘Arab Spring’, and latterly military intervention from the air in Libya, these episodes also serve better to illustrate Obama’s tendency towards restraint and limitationthan to showcase
Best data proves unipolar systems are substantially more war-prone than multipolar alternatives Nuno P. Monteiro 12, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yale University, “Unrest Assured: Why Unipolarity is Not Peaceful,” International Security, Winter 2012, Vol. 36, No. 3, p. 9-40 How well, then, does the argument that unipolar systems are peaceful account for the first two decades of unipolarity since the end of the Cold War? Table 1 presents a list of great powers divided into three periods: 1816 to 1945, multipolarity; 1946 to 1989, bipolarity; and since 1990, unipolarity.46 Table 2 presents summary data about the incidence of war during each of these periods
That makes nuclear war involving the U.S. inevitable Christopher Layne 6, Associate Professor in the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A and M University, 2006, The Peace of Illusions: American Grand Strategy from 1940 to the Present, p. 169
Only disengagement solves---prolonging hegemony increases the risk of great power war---and none of their offense applies because primacy doesn’t create effective influence Nuno P. Monteiro 12, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yale University, “Unrest Assured: Why Unipolarity is Not Peaceful,” International Security, Winter 2012, Vol. 36, No. 3, p. 9-40
Heg causes war with China—history proves Layne, 12 - Robert M. Gates Chair in Intelligence and National Security at the George Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas AandM University and Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of California at Berkeley (Christopher, 2012, "The Time It's Real: The End of Unipolarity and the Pax Americana", International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 56, Ebsco, p. 4, KONTOPOULOS)
Extinction Straits Times, 00 (Ching Cheong, Straits times, July 25 2000, l/n) Hegemony is unsustainable Layne, 12 - Robert M. Gates Chair in Intelligence and National Security at the George Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas AandM University and Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of California at Berkeley (Christopher, 2012, "The Time It's Real: The End of Unipolarity and the Pax Americana", International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 56, Ebsco, p. 2, KONTOPOULOS)
Heg causes prolif Weber, 06 – Professor of Political Science at the University of California at Berkeley and Director of the Institute of International Studies (Steven, 12/27/06, “How Globalization Went Bad”, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2006/12/27/how_globalization_went_bad?page=0,2, KONTOPOULOS) Nuclear war Evans and Kawaguchi, 09 – *Co-Chair of the International Nuclear Non-Proliferation Disarmament Commission, Honorary Professorial Fellow at the University of Melbourne, J.D. from the University of Melbourne AND Co-Chair of the International Nuclear Non-Proliferation Disarmament Commission and Masters in Economics from Yale University (*Gareth AND Yoriko, 12/16/09, “ELIMINATING NUCLEAR THREATS Report of the A Practical Agenda for Global Policymakers”, Lexis Nexis, KONTOPOULOS) Heg causes a Russia-China alliance Roberts, 07 – Senior Research Fellow at the Hoover Institution, William E. Simon Chair in Political Economy at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (Paul Craig, 8/9/07, “US Hegemony Spawns Russian-Chinese Military Alliance”, http://www.lewrockwell.com/roberts/roberts218.html, KONTOPOULOS)
Nuclear, biological and chemical war Lunev, 01 – Former Soviet Union Military Officer and Worked for the CIA and FBI (Stanislav, 6/19/01, “Sino-Russian Treaty Challenges US”, http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2001/7/18/194633.shtml, KONTOPOULOS)
Extended deterrence from primacy guarantees nuclear war Layne, 97 - Robert M. Gates Chair in Intelligence and National Security at the George Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas AandM University and Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of California at Berkeley (Christopher, Summer 1997, “From Preponderance to Offshore Balancing: America's Future Grand Strategy”, International Security, Vol. 22, No. 1, Project Muse, p. 121-122, KONTOPOULOS) PDF
Heg causes war with Iran Layne, 07 - Robert M. Gates Chair in Intelligence and National Security at the George Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas AandM University and Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of California at Berkeley (Christopher, 2007, American Empire: A Debate, Google Books, p. 64-65, KONTOPOULOS) Extinction Jorge Hirsch (San Diego Union Tribune) January 3, 2006 “America’s nuclear ticking bomb” http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060103/news_mz1e3hirsch.html
12/9/13
Steigler K
Tournament: Evanston | Round: 2 | Opponent: Niles North BG | Judge: Karthik Srinivasan Increasing economic engagement is an expansion of the global proletarnization of the consumer. This increase can only lead to destruction of the economy and the destruction of value to life Bernard Stiegler 2004 The Decadence of Industrial Democracies Disbelief and Discredit, Volume 1 Translated by Daniel Ross and Suzanne Arnold pg 63 In the twentieth century, however… is understood as calculation.
The alt is to reject the affirmative for the call to expand the economic toxicity of hyperindustrial capitalism to all corners of Latin America BernardStiegler 2010"For a new Critique of Political Economy" trans.Daniel Ross pg 4-7 Those-who advocate stimulating consumption …constitutes a revolution.
