1NC - PIC out of USFG T - EE is economic Neolib Iran Sanctions
2NR - Neolib
Blake
6
Opponent: Wayzata CC | Judge: Carly Wunderlich
1NC - Iran Sanctions T - EE is economic Memos CP anti-money laundering CP
2NR - memos politics
Dowling Catholic
1
Opponent: Wayzata DK | Judge: Brade Maloche
1AC - Cuban Hospitality
1NC - PIC out of USFG framework Cuban overheating DA Ethics Bad
2NR - PIC out of USFG
Dowling Catholic
4
Opponent: HoFlo LS | Judge: Lincoln Garrett
1AC - K boarder security aff
1NC - framework Schmitt K Anthro K Cede the political DA
2NR - Cede the political DA
Dowling Catholic
5
Opponent: Cedar Rapids Washington BK | Judge: Jon Voss
1AC - Mexican Currency Swaps
1NC - Iran Sanctions Neolib K T - material needs QE CP
2NR - politics case
Evanston
1
Opponent: Northside College Prep DD | Judge: Katelyn Wessell
1AC - Mexican Renewables
1NC - Iran Sanctions Neolib Memos CP T - EE is not energy
2NR - Neolib
Evanston
4
Opponent: Maine East BH | Judge: Michael Klinger
1AC - Mexican Renewables
1NC - Neolib Iran Sanctions Memos CP T - EE is not energy
2NR - politics case
Evanston
6
Opponent: Lane Tech WC | Judge: Mitchel Caminer
1AC - Cuban Embargo
1NC - Neolib Iran Sanctoins QPQ CP T - EE specific sanctions
2NR neolib
Glenbrooks
1
Opponent: Lexington FK | Judge: Ross Garrett
1AC NADBank 1NC 1NC T-Gov2Gov Farm Bill Politics DA Neolib K Albedo CP De-Dev 2NR Politics Case
Glenbrooks
3
Opponent: Rufus King KS | Judge: Carly Wunderlich
1AC Transboundary Water Agreements (The United States federal Government should establish a data collection and sharing site regarding the Transbounday water supply between the United States and Mexico Their advantages are just Water Wars (with a ag scenario econ scenario drug violence instability scenario and general resource wars) And the Nile River (water wars in the Nile death) They go Ham on structural violence tho)
1NC T-Must be EconomicEffects Process CP Neolib K Farm Bill Politics DA
2NR Politics Process CP
Glenbrooks
5
Opponent: St Como Park AT | Judge: Mimi Sergeant-Levanthall
1AC NeoliberalismEnclosures Bad Aff no USFG action
1NC Framework Heidegger K Baudrillard K Mexican Border Infrastructure PIC
2NR Framework
HoFlo
1
Opponent: Iowa City HS | Judge: Jon Voss
1AC - Cuban Embargo
1NC Neolib Cuban Overheating DA PIC out of USFG T - lifting sanctions is appeasement
2NR Neolib
HoFlo
3
Opponent: Niles North BT | Judge: Ryan Nierman
1AC - Normalize Trade Relations with Cuba
1NC - Neolib Adv CP to solve ag and cred Russia SOI DA T - must be specific parts of the embargo
2NR Neolib
HoFlo
6
Opponent: GBS AK | Judge: Jon Sussman
1AC - Cuban Embargo
1NC - Neolib Russia SOI T - specific sanctions
2NR Russia SOI case d
Ohio Valley
4
Opponent: Detroit Community DS | Judge: Melanie Campbell
1AC - Assata Shakur
1NC - framework Baudrillard Civil Disobedience DA
2NR - framework
Ohio Valley
6
Opponent: Chattahoochee DM | Judge: Tucker Boyce
1AC - Cuban Embargo
1NC - Farm Bill Cuban Commissions CP Neolib T - EE is long ties
2NR - Commissions politics
Ohio ValleyUniversity of Kentucky
1
Opponent: Calhoun KM | Judge: John Martin
1AC Critical Guantanamo Bay 1NC T-Smorgasbord (EE Cuba FX) Farm Bill Politics DA Plan Flaw Kris TrivediLia Isono Counter Advocacy Taoism K 2NR Politics Plan Flaw Case
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
Entry
Date
1NC Glenbrooks Round 1 vs LexFK
Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington FK | Judge: Ross Garrett
1
A. Interpretation – economic engagement requires expanding bilateral economic relations Kahler, 6 - Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, University of California, San Diego (M., "Strategic Uses of Economic Interdependence: Engagement Policies on the Korean Peninsula and Across the Taiwan Strait" in Journal of Peace Research (2006), 43:5, p. 523-541, Sage Publications) Economic engagement - a policy of deliberately expanding economic ties with an adversary in order AND great power politics and that it may be more widespread than previously recognized.
This means the plan has to be government-to-government – not private economic engagement Daga, 13 - director of research at Politicas Publicas para la Libertad, in Bolivia, and a visiting senior policy analyst at the Heritage Foundation (Sergio, "Economics of the 2013-2014 Debate Topic: U.S. Economic Engagement Toward Cuba, Mexico or Venezuela", National Center for Policy Analysis, 5/15, http://www.ncpa.org/pdfs/Message_to_Debaters_6-7-13.pdf-http://www.ncpa.org/pdfs/Message_to_Debaters_6-7-13.pdf) Economic engagement between or among countries can take many forms, but this document will AND some issues are more important with respect to some countries than to others. ’Its’ is a possessive pronoun showing ownership Glossary of English Grammar Terms, 2005 (http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/possessive-pronoun.html) Mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs are the possessive pronouns used to substitute a noun and to show possession or ownership. EG. This is your disk and that’s mine. (Mine substitutes the word disk and shows that it belongs to me.)
B. Violation – the plan expands a mandate in an intermediary bank
C. Voting issue –
Limits – a government limit is the only way to keep the topic manageable – otherwise they could use any 3rd party intermediary, lift barriers to private engagement, or target civil society – it makes topic preparation impossible
2. Ground – formal governmental channels are key to predictable relations disads and counterplans that test ’engagement’
3. Expanding the mandate to later include the possibility of economic engagement means they are effects topical which is an independent voting issue for fairness and education.
4. Prefer competiting interpretations, reasonability is arbitrary and causes judge intervention.
2
Farm bill will pass now – but it’ll be tough Rogers 11/20 (David, writer for Politico. "Farm bill talks intensify" http://www.politico.com/story/2013/11/food-stamp-costs-farm-bill-100158.html) Farm bill talks intensified Wednesday night even as a new report showed that food stamp AND were possible this week, Peterson said, "I think it is."
Plan is unpopular – bureaucracy causes backlash Dallas Morning News July 2008 "EDITORIAL: NADBank deserves U.S. funding" ProQuest Not everyone agrees about the merits of the North American Free Trade Agreement, but AND help ensure that the bank’s important work stays on track in the future.
Extinction Brown 9 (Lester R, Founder of the Worldwatch Institute and the Earth Policy Institute "Can Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization?" Scientific American, May, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=civilization-food-shortages) The biggest threat to global stability is the potential for food crises in poor countries AND states disintegrate, their fall will threaten the stability of global civilization itself.
3
Movements against neoliberalism are growing in Latin America – but the plan increases neoliberal control in the region. That crushes indigenous cultures and the environment which means that the only way to solve is a de-linking. Harris 8 (Richard L Harris: Professor of Global Studies at California State University, Monterey Bay; Managing Editor of the Journal of Developing Societies (SAGE India); and Coordi nating Editor of Latin American Perspectives (SAGE USA). "Latin America’s Response to Neoliberalism and Globalization," http://www.nuso.org/upload/articulos/3506_2.pdf) The economic, political and social development of the Latin American and Caribbean countries is AND model of uneven and inequitable development that has pillaged most of the region.
Extinction—-tech and reforms fail Richard A. Smith 7, Research Associate at the Institute for Policy Research 26 Development, UK; PhD in History from UCLA, June 2007, "The Eco-suicidal Economics of Adam Smith," Capitalism Nature Socialism, Vol. 18, No. 2, p. 22-43 In the midst of the record-breaking heat wave in the summer of 2003 AND "endless technical adjustments;" thus no further theoretical thought is required."27
Reject the 1AC and its hegemonic knowledge production in favor of alternatives to knowledge production. That’s enough to re-politicize the political sphere and solve the impact to the K. Sheppard and Leitner 9 (Eric Sheppard, PhD, geographer and Regents Professor of Economic geography at the University of Minnesota, Helga Leitner " Quo vadis neoliberalism? The remaking of global capitalist governance after the Washington Consensus," http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/geog/downloads/7235/496.pdf) We have argued that the shifting global governance discourses directed toward the third world since AND economic and cultural subordination" (Fraser, 1997, p. 28).
4
Counterplan: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration should:
—release sulfate aerosols sufficient to increase Earth’s albedo by two percent, distributed over time, near the tropical upward branch of the stratospheric circulation system,
—adjust albedo enhancement as necessary as data becomes available based on the results,
—and should not stop abruptly without taking into account the effect on carbon sinks, or without the ability to quickly restart if necessary.
Counterplan solves warming- natural albedo enhancement and best climate science prove Ikle, CSIS distinguished scholar, and Wood, Hoover Institute research fellow, 2008 ~Fred, undersecretary of defense for policy for President Ronald Reagan and director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency for Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, and Lowell, "Climatic Engineering," The National Interest, l/n, accessed 9-6-10, mss~ Moreover, climate scientists now warn us we cannot be sure that the envisaged future AND upper stratospheric ozone layer than did the Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption in 1991.
Manufacturing
Economic growth is unsustainable—requires resources beyond earth’s carrying capacity
THE GLOBAL SITUATION Global problems are rapidly getting worse. The environment is AND need for radical change in our "living standards", values and economy.
Capitalism has reached its tipping point- economic growth is quickly destroying the biosphere and has made extinction inevitable. Economic collapse must happen now, while enough resources are still available.
Given widespread failure to pursue policies sufficient to reverse deterioration of the biosphere and avoid AND the necessary change, and offering hope for a planetary and human revival.
3. No historical connection between economic collapse and conflict
Ferguson, 06 M.A., Laurence A. Tisch Professor of History at Harvard University, Resident faculty member of the Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies, Senior Research Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford University, and a Senior Fellow of the Hoover Institution, Stanford University (Niall, "The Next War of the World", Foreign Affairs, September-October 2006, May 21st 2010, KONTOPOULOS)
Nor can economic crises explain the bloodshed. What may be the most familiar causal AND economic catastrophe, and some severe economic crises were not followed by wars.
No impact to aerospace collapse — empirics prove.
Hill et al 10 Edward, Independent Defense 26 Space Professional, 10 ("Economic Shocks and Regional Economic Resilience" May 10, 2010)
Employment downturns in the Seattle regional economy have occurred around the time of national recession AND fragmentation and the proliferation of small, often competing private economic development organizations.
Third and most interestingly, in addition to experiencing cultural barriers to understanding and AND twist the available evidence to make it consistent with the image they desire. One major study, for example, concluded that "When policy makers believed in AND of hand and led to war." ~Lebow (1985), 212~ This inability of potential aggressors to recognize deterrent commitments — because of cultural barriers, the aggressor’s inward focus, or its susceptibility tostress and motivated biases in interpreting commitments — has at least four important implications for deterrence policies.
Actors are psychologically unpredictable making deterrence useless.
Record 4(Jeffery former professional staff member of the Senate Armed Services Committee "Nuclear Deterrence, Preventive War, and Counterproliferation" July 8 The CATO Institute) That said, nuclear deterrence, like its nonnuclear varieties, is a psychological process AND out of a low regard for America’s willingness to sustain bloody combat overseas.
American foreign policy is a wreck. The presumption that Washington controls events around the globe has been exposed to all as an embarrassing illusion. Egypt teeters on the brink, again. Syria worsens by the day. Israeli AND in Syria and elsewhere. Venezuela without Chavez looks like Venezuela with Chavez. It wasn’t supposed to be this way. America was the unipower, the hyperpower, the sole superpower, the essential nation. Washington was the benevolent hegemon. Only members of the axis of evil had something to fear from the United States. All the U.S. government had to do was exercise "leadership" and all would be well. That U.S. pride swelled with the end of the Cold War is hardly a surprise. But what unfortunately emerged was a rabid arrogance, the view that "what we say goes." It was the very hubris about which the ancient Greeks warned. Alas, this all proved to be a world of illusion, filled with smoke AND ready to thwart U.S. military objectives when it saw fit. American pleading, threats, promises and sanctions had no effect on the course of events in North Korea. Civil and military conflicts ebbed and flowed and political contests waxed and waned in Congo, Sudan, Kenya, Nigeria and Zimbabwe with Washington but an ineffective bystander. Russia’s Vladimir Putin ignored U.S. priorities both before and after the fabled "reset" in relations. China protected North Korea and bullied its other neighbors, despite diplomatic pleadings and military pivots. As for succeeding events, where is the evidence that Morsi, Egypt’s generals and the Egyptian people sat around awaiting the opinion of U.S. policymakers? Washington’s support for the odious Mubarak left it with little credibility. Maybe the generals can be bought with the promise of more military aid, but even they know that the U.S. cannot protect them if their soldiers refuse their orders. Morsi’s fate was decided in Cairo, not Washington. Americans understandably pine for a simpler world in which Washington is the center of the world and the U.S. orchestrates international events. Alas, that world never really existed. It certainly does not exist today. Instead of embracing the illusion of Washington’s omniscience, Washington officials should acknowledge the limitations on their power and influence. They should reflect on events spinning out of control in Egypt. It’s time for the more "humble" foreign policy that candidate George W. Bush promised in what seems to be a lifetime ago.
Despite intermittent diplomatic friction, the cross-strait economic relationship has blossomed. China AND proceed into the poltical realm toward unification with China or independence for Taiwan.
Warming
1. Icebergs are a negative feedback – none of their evidence takes this into account
Melting icebergs, so long the iconic image of global warming, are triggering a AND calculates that a further 26million tons of CO2 is removed from the atmosphere.
2. Newest studies prove that CO2 is not anthropogenic – emissions from fossil fuels only stay in the atmosphere for five years and natural forcings are more important
Marohasy, 09 (Jennifer, senior fellow at the Australian think tank the Institute of Public Affairs, PhD in biology from the University of Queensland. Cites research from Robert H. Essenhigh, Department of Mechanical Engineering at Ohio State University, "Carbon Dioxide in Atmosphere 5-15 Years Only" 4-17-09. http://jennifermarohasy.com/blog/2009/04/carbon-dioxide-in-atmosphere-5-15-years-only/)
If carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels only stayed in the atmosphere a few years AND -accepted, rider that CO2 emissions from combustion should therefore be curbed. However, the actual data in the text of the IPCC Report separately states a AND The economic and political significance of that conclusion will be self-evident.
3. Growing emissions in developing countries make CO2 reduction impossible – modeling is irrelevant
For example, if the United States were to unilaterally reduced emissions by 30 AND these reductions are to a large extent mirrored by all significant emitting nations.
4. Observational data proves warming has stopped – the multi-decadal oscillation overwhelms CO2 forcing
Recent studies by the Hadley Climate Research Center (UK), the Japan Meteorological Agency AND the CO2 effect, as I have stated during the last several years.
Farm bill will pass now – but it’ll be tough Rogers 11/20 (David, writer for Politico. "Farm bill talks intensify" http://www.politico.com/story/2013/11/food-stamp-costs-farm-bill-100158.html) Farm bill talks intensified Wednesday night even as a new report showed that food stamp AND were possible this week, Peterson said, "I think it is."
Congress opposes using tax payer dollars to assist Mexico in any way – Food stamps proves. Public will backlash
Extinction Brown 9 (Lester R, Founder of the Worldwatch Institute and the Earth Policy Institute "Can Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization?" Scientific American, May, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=civilization-food-shortages) The biggest threat to global stability is the potential for food crises in poor countries AND states disintegrate, their fall will threaten the stability of global civilization itself.
2nd off is K
Movements against neoliberalism are growing in Latin America – but the plan increases neoliberal control in the region. That crushes indigenous cultures and the environment which means that the only way to solve is a de-linking. Harris 8 (Richard L Harris: Professor of Global Studies at California State University, Monterey Bay; Managing Editor of the Journal of Developing Societies (SAGE India); and Coordi nating Editor of Latin American Perspectives (SAGE USA). "Latin America’s Response to Neoliberalism and Globalization," http://www.nuso.org/upload/articulos/3506_2.pdf) The economic, political and social development of the Latin American and Caribbean countries is AND model of uneven and inequitable development that has pillaged most of the region.
Extinction—-tech and reforms fail Richard A. Smith 7, Research Associate at the Institute for Policy Research 26 Development, UK; PhD in History from UCLA, June 2007, "The Eco-suicidal Economics of Adam Smith," Capitalism Nature Socialism, Vol. 18, No. 2, p. 22-43 In the midst of the record-breaking heat wave in the summer of 2003 AND "endless technical adjustments;" thus no further theoretical thought is required."27
Reject the 1AC and its hegemonic knowledge production in favor of alternatives to knowledge production. That’s enough to re-politicize the political sphere and solve the impact to the K. Sheppard and Leitner 9 (Eric Sheppard, PhD, geographer and Regents Professor of Economic geography at the University of Minnesota, Helga Leitner " Quo vadis neoliberalism? The remaking of global capitalist governance after the Washington Consensus," http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/geog/downloads/7235/496.pdf) We have argued that the shifting global governance discourses directed toward the third world since AND economic and cultural subordination" (Fraser, 1997, p. 28).
3rd off is T
A. Interpretation – "economic engagement" means the aff must be an exclusively economic action – it cannot encompass broader forms of engagement
Jakstaite, 10 - Doctoral Candidate Vytautas Magnus University Faculty of Political Sciences and Diplomacy (Lithuania) (Gerda, "CONTAINMENT AND ENGAGEMENT AS MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES" BALTIC JOURNAL OF LAW 26 POLITICS VOLUME 3, NUMBER 2 (2010), DOI: 10.2478/v10076-010-0015-7) The approach to engagement as economic engagement focuses exclusively on economic instruments of foreign policy AND other types of engagement, such as the conditional-unconditional economic engagement.
B. Violation – the affirmative establishes a data collection and sharing site which is not an example of US-Mexico Economic Enagement
C. Voting issue –
1. Limits – they explode the topic – blurring the lines between economic and other forms of engagement makes any positive interaction with another country topical. It’s impossible to predict or prepare
2. Ground – the economic limit is vital to critiques of economics, trade disads, and non-economic counterplans
3. Prefer Competing Interpretations—-Reasonability is arbitrary and causes judge intervention
4th off is the CP
Text: The President of the United States of America should issue an executive order mandating the creation of a bipartisan, independent commission tasked with recommending Congressional solutions for economic engagement policy with Mexico in the area of data collection and sharing of water supplies in the Transboundary area. The commission should recommend that the United States Federal Government should establish a data collection and sharing site regarding the Transbounday water supply between the United States and Mexico.
The counter-plan solves and avoids politics
Mayer ’07 (Kenneth, professor of political science at the University of Wisconsin, Madison "THE BASE REALIGNMENT AND CLOSURE PROCESS: IS IT POSSIBLE TO MAKE RATIONAL POLICY?")
The conventional wisdom was that legislators, facing increasing deficits and budget rules that were AND taking opportunities. None of the disapproval resolutions came anywhere close to passing.
Case
They have no reason why the US Mexico border is uniquely key
2. Multiple alt causes to the ag industry the Aff can’t solve
Journal of Commerce, 12 ("Agriculture Trade a ’Risky Business’", April 16, Proquest) NK
Analysts and economists at the U.S. Department of Agriculture are full of AND Affected by the extreme climatic situation, and demand for imported food grew.
Mexican Economy not key to US Economy – only 3 of trade
Villareal, 2012 (M.Angeles, Specialist in Internation Trade and Relations, U.S.-Mexico Economic Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32934.pdf-http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32934.pdf RC) The overall effect of NAFTA on the U.S. economy has been relatively AND trade barriers, such as the textile and apparel, and automotive industries
3. No historical connection between economic collapse and conflict
Ferguson, 06 M.A., Laurence A. Tisch Professor of History at Harvard University, Resident faculty member of the Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies, Senior Research Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford University, and a Senior Fellow of the Hoover Institution, Stanford University (Niall, "The Next War of the World", Foreign Affairs, September-October 2006, May 21st 2010, KONTOPOULOS)
Nor can economic crises explain the bloodshed. What may be the most familiar causal AND economic catastrophe, and some severe economic crises were not followed by wars.
Impact is Emprically Denied Mexican crime rates skyrocketed over past 6 years, Mexico in a state of disarray in squo
With this Neo-Malthusian vision of the future, the Global 2000 Report to AND had life expectancies of approximately 69 and 62 years (World Bank 1999).
Any use of nuclear weapons will escalate and cause extinction
Ross 2003 (Larry- Founder of NZ Nuclear-Free Peacemaking Association, "RACING TOWARD EXTINCTION", Dec 10, http://nuclearfree.lynx.co.nz/racing.htm-http://nuclearfree.lynx.co.nz/racing.htm) We have greatly changed our environment with our new destructive tools - nuclear weapons. AND nuclear weapons use by some other state. A probable escalation would follow.
Survival outweighs all – freedom and other abstract concepts are meaningless in the absence of life
Against this tendency can be posed a rational alternative policy. To preclude possibilities AND of life on earth? Temporal politicians? Corporate competitors? Strategic brinksmen? Military gamers? Inflated egos dripping with testosterone? How can any sane person believe AND patriotism would extinguish humanity, then patriotism is the highest of all crimes.
Latin America stable – no risk of widespread chaos
Graham 6 (Carol, Senior Fellow in Economic Studies and Global Economy and Development – Brookings Institution, Ph.D. – Oxford University, author of multiple books on Latin American political and economic development, "Is Latin America Going Radical?", 3-1, http://www.brookings.edu/views/op-ed/graham/20060301.htm)
With Hugo Chavez as an increasingly vocal critic of the United States, the electoral AND have gone out of their way to endorse Chavez, despite numerous opportunities.
No spillover, even if water scarcity - only affected area is the Arizona – ICS solves Mexico
As the example of the Nile basin illustrates, the tendency among nations has been AND past 12 centuries, many of which have survived wars over other issues.
No modeling – their evidence isn’t in context of modeled water policies – it doesn’t even list empirics nor any countries that would follow
Water forces cooperation, not wars
Wolf et al, 06 (Aaron T., Ph.D. in environmental policy analysis, professor of geography in the Department of Geosciences at Oregon State University, *AND Annika Kramer, Senior Project Manager for Adelphi, *AND Alexander Carius, Co-Founder and Managing Director, Adelphi, *AND Geoffrey D. Dabelko, director of the Environmental Change and Security Program, the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, July 2006, " Water Can Be a Pathway to Peace, not War," Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/NavigatingPeaceIssue1.pdf, Hensel)
These apocalyptic warnings fly in the face of history: no nations have gone to AND ignore a promising way to help prevent war: cooperative water resources management.
Empirically, there will be no resource wars. Even if they win a risk of their impact, it stays localized
First, the deterministic view has poor predictive power as to where and when conflicts AND livelihoods. Political sensitivity to peaceful action can immunize states from armed insurrection.
Alt causes – ethnic tensions, government, income inequalities
Victor, 07 (David G., Ph.D. in political science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, professor at the Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies at the University of California, San Diego, November/December 2007, "What Resource Wars?," The National Interest, Issue 92; pg. 48, Hensel)
While there are many reasons to fear global warming, the risk that such dangers AND , where the moniker "climate" conveniently obscures the deeper causal forces.
11/24/13
1NC Glenbrooks Round 5 vs Como Park AT
Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 5 | Opponent: St Como Park AT | Judge: Mimi Sergeant-Levanthall
1st off
Interpretation—the roll of the ballot is that the judge is a policy maker and the affirmative should defend a mandated increase of federal transportation infrastructure investment
They are non-topical because they don’t defend the enactment of a policy by the United States federal government. Topicality is an a-priori voting issue – as judge you are only allowed to affirm those policies within your jurisdiction dictated by the resolution.
Here’s evidence that the resolution is the key stasis point—their interpretation is arbitrary O’Donnell 2004
Shively ’2K (Ruth Lessl, Assistant Prof Political Science – Texas A26M U., Partisan Politics and Political Theory, p. 181-2) The requirements given thus far are primarily negative. The ambiguists must say "no AND . In other words, contestation rests on some basic agreement or harmony.
Hijacks education—predictability is the basis of negative strategy which is key to clash and depth of discussion. The impact is rigorous testing of policies which is the only way to truly understand the world.
Zappen ’4 James, Prof. Language and Literature – Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, "The Rebirth of Dialogue: Bakhtin, Socrates, and the Rhetorical Tradition", p. 35-36) Finally, Bakhtin describes the Socratic dialogue as a carnivalesque debate between opposing points of AND in Soocrates’ successive refutations and humiliations of Gorgias, Polus, and Callicles.
No ground makes the aff presumptively false
Lasch 95 Christopher, Social Critic and Author, "The Revolt of the Elites and the AND activity we may well decide that there is something wrong with our own.
Common ground builds bridges to consensus—their critique of debate demonizes a target and then forces us to defend that target, reversing the potential for progress
Levasseur and Carlin 01 David G. Levasseur is Assistant Professor of Communication Studies at West Chester University in AND evaluate policy positions using an egocentric standard than a common-good standard.
Critical theory fails—-research and policy focus in Latin America are vital—-key to prevent poverty and other issues
Pribble et al 09 Jennifer Pribble- Assistant Professor of Political Science and International Studies at the University of Richmond; Evelyne Huber- Morehead Alumni Professor of Political Science and Chair of the Department of Political Science at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; John D. Stephens- Distinguished Professor of Political Science and Sociology; Director, Center for European Studies, received his B.A. (1970) from Harvard University and his Ph.D. (1976) from Yale University; "Politics, Policies, and Poverty in Latin America"; July 2009; Comparative Politics, Vol. 41, No. 4 (July 2009), pp. 387-407; available on Jstor @ http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/40599215.pdf This focus on the role of politics- political regime type, parties, and AND ideology have an important effect on cross-national variation in Latin American poverty
Switch side is the only effective training for activism
Coverstone 05 masters in communication from Wake Forest and longtime debate coach (Alan H., AND honed their skills in the crucible of high-level contest debating.
2nd off
1. Engaging one facet oppression through a universal morality only replicates the harms. This mindset cedes the political to elites and masks alternative modes of being.
Spanos ’2K ~Professor of English at SUNY–Binghamton) 2k (The Question of Philosophy and Poiesis in the Posthistorical Age: Thinking/ Imagining the Shadow of Metaphysics, William V. Spanos, boundary 2, 27.1 (2000) 169)JRC~ And in thus focusing this indissoluble relay, which could be collectively subsumed under the AND of evil incumbent on the reduction of being at large to a territory, planetary in scope, to be conquered, compartmentalized, and administered. Which is to say on all self-righteous proclamations of universal peace that justify the physical and spiritual slaughter and maiming of human life.
2. The alternative is to do nothing. Only doing nothing will allow for a new destining of Being. The aff wishes to mask all ways of being outside of being a race, only the alt can break free of this enframing. (yellow highlighting)
Harman in 09 (Graham, Professor of Philosophy @ American University in Cairo, "Cambridge Journal of Economics", 2009, Vol. 34(1), Technology, objects and things in Heidegger p.17-25) JM Another word in Heidegger’s constellation of technology terms is danger, which turns out to AND wish to know’ (Heidegger, 1994, pp. 71–2).
3rd off
We advocate an adoption of the commons with Mexico excluding development of transportation infrastructure along the United States-Mexico border.
The Counterplan is key to resolve congestion and boost border infrastructure for both the US and Mexico
Wilson 12 (Christopher Wilson, associate at the Mexico Institute of teh Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. "U.S. Competitiveness: The Mexican Connection" 2012. www.issues.org/28.4/p_wilson.html)
Policy for a competitive region¶ The border. With an integrated regional manufacturing sector AND entire border would best facilitate the competitiveness of the United States and Mexico.
Economic instability worsens poverty, and education
The current fiscal framework has led to limited smoothing of the impact of revenue¶ AND risks. Reforming the fiscal rules to reducevolatility is thus an important challenge.
4th off
The idea of the state vanishing through revolution and people refusing to accept it is just a pipe-dream – it doesn’t fit the modern era. Rather, the state will implode through overrregulation, like a system with too much feedback – the plan’s action is a step in this direction.
Baudrillard in 81 ~Jean, "Simulacra and Simulation" p. 70-72~ Beaubourg cannot even burn, everything is foreseen. Fire, explosion, destruction are no longer the imaginary alternative to this type of building. It is implosion that is the form of abolishing the "quaternary" world, both cybernetic and combinatory. Subversion, violent destruction is what corresponds to a mode of production. To a universe of networks, of combinatory theory, and of flow correspond reversal and implosion. The same for institutions, the state, power, etc. The dream of seeing all that explode by dint of contradictions is precisely nothing but a dream. What is produced in reality is that the institutions implode of themselves, by dint of ramifications, feedback, overdeveloped control circuits. Power implodes, this is its current mode of disappearance. Such is the case for the city. Fires, war, plague, revolutions AND that is potentially saturated and that will never again witness the liberating explosion. We were a culture of liberating violence (rationality). Whether it be that of AND violent phases, that of a liberated energy-the imaginary of radiation. The violence that accompanies it is that of a wider world: it is that of production. This violence is dialectical, energetic, cathartic. It is the one we have learned to analyze and that is familiar to us: that which traces the paths of the social and which leads to the saturation of the whole field of the social. It is a violence that is determined, analytical, liberating. A whole other violence appears today, which we no longer know how to analyze, because it escapes the traditional schema of explosive violence: implosive violence that no longer results from the extension of a system, but from its saturation and its retraction, as is the case for physical stellar systems. A violence that follows an inordinate densification of the social, the state of an overregulated system, a network (of knowledge, information, AND , the last perhaps, in the fundamental energetic process of expanding systems. Something else if we move from a millennial phase of the liberation and disconnection of AND we know it, as radiation and indefinite energy potential, is abolished.
And Speaking out and raising awareness is playing into the hands of the system they criticize, because it is intended to maximize speech without creating change. Instead, we need to engage the system through passive resistance, not active opposition.
Baudrillard in 81 ~Jean, "Simulacra and Simulation" p. 84-86~ With one caution. We are face to face with this system in a double AND because it was ushered in by that phase of the system which prevails. To choose the wrong strategy is a serious matter. All the movements that only play on liberation, emancipation, on the resurrection of a subject of history, of the group, of the word based on "consciousness raising," indeed a "raising of the unconscious" of subjects and of the masses, do not see that they are going in the direction of the system, whose imperative today is precisely the overproduction and regeneration of meaning and of speech.
As power is criticized and disappears, it seeks even harder to reaffirm its existence and delay its death – this overfascination with power in societies that are losing it results in fascism.
Baudrillard in 81 ~Jean, "Simulacra and Simulation" p. 22-23~ As long as the historical threat came at it from the real, power played AND is a question of life and death. But it is too late. Whence the characteristic hysteria of our times: that of the production and reproduction of AND of simulation is translated by the hallucinatory resemblance of the real to itself. Power itself has for a long time produced nothing but the signs of its resemblance AND overdose of a strong referential in a society that cannot terminate its mourning.
Case
If they try to claim an impact to neolib being bad, they don’t access it
Jamie Peck 10, geography prof at the University of British Columbia, Postneoliberalism and its Malcontents, Antipode, Volume 41, Issue Supplement s1, pages 94–116
While Latin American experiences can and should spur the postneoliberal imagination, the region’s lessons AND power (Drake 2006). As Sader (2009:176) notes: the deregulation fostered by neoliberal policies favoured the hegemony of financial capital in its speculative AND , due to the different interests of the biggest powers and international corporations. Whereas neoliberalism may have exposed the limits of financial capitalism, it has also undermined AND dull compulsion of competitive pressures and through the harsh imperatives of regulatory downloading.
Their impacts flow negative – their advocacy is worse because it diverts attention away from actual positive movements that promote equality and positive development – turns the aff
Lomborg 12 Bjørn- M.A. in political science, 1991. Ph AND /bjorn-lomborg/environmental-alarmism-then-and-now Forty years ago, humanity was warned: by chasing ever-greater economic growth AND and that what the world needs is more of it, not less.
Turn: Transition Wars Go Global and Destroy Alt Solvency
Barnhizer ’6 – Emeritus Professor at Cleveland State University’s Cleveland-Marshall College of Law (David R., "Waking from Sustainability’s "Impossible Dream": The Decisionmaking Realities of Business and Government." 2006 Georgetown International Environmental Law Review. 18 Geo. Int’l Envtl. L. Rev. 595. Lexis.)
We face a combination of ecological, social, and economic crises. These crises AND then it will only be a respite before the pattern once again intensifies.
Turn: Neoliberalism Empowers Poor Countries to Combat Emissions and Transition to Green Technologies Solving Warming
Norberg ’3 – Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute (Johan, In Defense of Global Capitalism, p 225-37) Although multinational corporations and free trade are proving good for development and human rights in AND already "disastrous" and far more destructive than atmospheric pollution and industrial emissions
5- Turn Growth
A- Focusing Neoliberalism on Shifting to Renewables is Crucial to Sustainable Economic Growth
Barker, 2K – electrical engineer, manager of corporate communications for the Electric Power Research Institute and former industrial economist and staff author at SRI International and as a commercial research analyst at USX Corporation (Brent, Summer. "Technology and the Quest for Sustainability." EPRI Journal, infotrac) The rate of innovation is especially critical to sustainability. The roadmap participants have concluded AND measure to future generations everywhere in the world. That future begins now.
B- Growth Facilitates Carbon Sequestration Which Solves Warming From Past Emissions
Anderson, 04 - fellow at the Hoover Institution (Terry, Hoover Digest, Summer. http://www.perc.org/publications/articles/econ_growth.php) Market forces also cause economic growth, which in turn leads to environmental improvements. AND in the United States." Put differently—richer may well be cooler.
Extinction
Deibel 7 ~Terry L. Professor of IR @ National War College, 2007. "Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft", Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today~
Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as AND , "it is virtually impossible to find evidence of disagreement over the fun damentals of global warming." Evidence from a vast international scientific monitoring effort accumulates almost AND States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet.
Ashworth 10 – Stephen Ashworth is a long-standing Fellow of the British Interplanetary Society. He works in academic publishing in the Voltaire Foundation, part of Oxford University – Towards the Sociology of the Universe, part 1 – "A Review of Dickens and Ormrod, Cosmic Society – 18 December 2010 – http://www.astronist.demon.co.uk/space-age/essays/Sociology1.html There are thus two plausible end-points to our current phase of growth: AND appropriate as an economic system for a society colonising its local planetary system.
Extinction
Pelton 3 ~Joseph N. Pelton is director of the Space 26 Advanced Communications Research Institute at George Washington University and executive director of the Arthur C. Clarke Foundation "COMMENTARY: Why Space? The Top 10 Reasons", Sept 12, http://www.space.com/news/commentary_top10_030912.html-http://www.space.com/news/commentary_top10_030912.html~~ Actually the lack of a space program could get us all killed. I dont AND Program is actually a prudent course that could save our species in time.
13. Turn - population growth
Zey 98- Executive director of the expansionary institute, Professor of Management at Montclair State University in Upper Montclair, NJ (Michael G., "Seizing the Future: The Dawn of the Macroindustrial Era. Second Edition.," 1998, Pg. 90 ) Zero population growth proponents consistently fret that a rampant population increase will eventually lead to AND people to populate these new worlds and staff the jobs in interstellar cities.
Wilson 97 (James, professor of Government at Harvard, "The morality of capitalism") These are the assumptions upon which a capitalist order rests, and I think most AND and capitalism that the defenders of democracy often overlook to their great disadvantage.
Extinction
Diamond 96 (Larry, Promoting Democracy in the 1990s, http://wwwics.si.edu/subsites/ccpdc/pubs/di/1.html) This hardly exhausts the lists of threats to our security and well-being in AND which a new world order of international security and prosperity can be built.
7. Neo-liberal globalization causes universal growth and solves poverty—there is NOTHING NEARLY AS GOOD, the alt fails
Hufbauer and Suominen 10 (Gary, Kati, Reginald Jones senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics; resident fellow at the German Marshall Fund in Washington) "The Return of Globalization," 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2012 at http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/10/21/-http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/10/21/ The_Return_of_Globalization?page=0,1) Such policies may have short-term political benefits, but there are no good AND has a direct, one-to-one relationship with poverty reduction.
Neoliberalism promotes human welfare
Gerring and Thacker 8 – *Professors of Political Science and IR @ Boston University ("Do Neoliberal Economic Policies Kill or Save Lives?" Business and Politics, 10.3)BB While far from exhaustive, the robustness tests undertaken in this study suggest that the AND performance, a contentions topic that lies beyond the scope of this study.
Neoliberalism in Latin America is good—the plan perfects it
Tournament: Ohio ValleyUniversity of Kentucky | Round: 1 | Opponent: Calhoun KM | Judge: John Martin
1NC
1
The plan text specifies that the federal judiciary will rule on economic engagement towards Cuba as a statement on international law.
First is that this is not how the federal judiciary works. The federal judiciary must issue a write of certiori to hear a test case in order to make a ruling. The judiciary does not just make pronouncements. This is a voter for education and fairness. We are getting taught incorrect things and we cannot win against a mechanism that does not exist in the real world.
Second, is that the federal judiciary only can rule on issues of constitutionality. This means that the aff is not within the jurisdiction of the federal judiciary, so the plan will be rolled back. This is a reason why the plan cannot solve beause it is illegal.
Thirdly, is that the federal judiciary DOES NOT and cannot issue a ruling on international law. This is illegitimate and will be rolled back. It is also a voter for education and fairness. It educates us incorrectly on political phenomena and is unfair because we can’t argue against a mechanism that doesn’t exist.
2
It’ll pass – major issues worked out, momentum, support from ag lobbies
Rogers 12/4 (David Rogers has covered Congress for better than 30 years and was an early addition to POLITICO in January 2008. "Big trades advance farm bill talks" http://www.politico.com/story/2013/12/farm-bill-talks-progress-100670.html) Farm bill negotiators broke major new ground toward a long-sought deal, even AND , our hardworking farm and ranch families and the rural communities they support."
Extinction Brown 9 (Lester R, Founder of the Worldwatch Institute and the Earth Policy Institute "Can Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization?" Scientific American, May, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=civilization-food-shortages) The biggest threat to global stability is the potential for food crises in poor countries AND states disintegrate, their fall will threaten the stability of global civilization itself.
3
COUNTER-ADVOCACY TEXT: Kris Trivedi and Lia Isono advocate substantially increasing economic engagement toward Cuba by ruling that the United States’ occupation of Guantanamo Bay violates international law.
State representations distance us from real world representations of politics – roleplaying in the policymaking paradigm guarantees imperialism and perpetuates normative knowledge production.
Reid-Brinkley, University of Pittsburgh Assistant Professor Communication, 8 (Shanara Reid-Brinkley, Rhetoric PhD 26 Prof @ Pitt, and the most competitively successful black woman in CEDA history, "The Harsh Realities Of "Acting Black": How African-American Policy Debaters Negotiate Representation Through Racial Performance And Style", http://www.comm.pitt.edu/faculty/documents/reid-brinkley_shanara_r_200805_phd.pdf, accessed 7/7/13)
Mitchell observesthatthe stance of the policymaker in debate comes with a "sense of detachmentassociated AND participation in the political contexts they debate about. As William Shanahan remarks: "…the topic established a relationship through interpellation that inhered irrespective of what the particular AND simply by refusing to acknowledge these implications" (emphasis in original).116 The "objective" stance of the policymaker is an impersonal or imperialist persona. AND . Thus, these practices are critically implicated in the maintenance of hegemony.
4
A. Interpretation – "economic engagement" means the aff must be an exclusively economic action – it cannot encompass broader forms of engagement
Jakstaite, 10 - Doctoral Candidate Vytautas Magnus University Faculty of Political Sciences and Diplomacy (Lithuania) (Gerda, "CONTAINMENT AND ENGAGEMENT AS MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES" BALTIC JOURNAL OF LAW 26 POLITICS VOLUME 3, NUMBER 2 (2010), DOI: 10.2478/v10076-010-0015-7) The approach to engagement as economic engagement focuses exclusively on economic instruments of foreign policy AND other types of engagement, such as the conditional-unconditional economic engagement.
CFR 6 – Code of Federal Regulations, 19CFR Ch. 1(4-1-06 Edition), p. 634 Subpart O—Flights to and From Cuba §122.151 Definitions. Under this subpart, the following definitions apply: (a) United States. The term "U.S." includes the several States, the District of Columbia, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico. (b) Cuba. The term "Cuba" does not include the Guantanamo Bay Naval Station.
Violation: The plan does not increase economic engagement towards Cuba, Mexico, or Venezuela, rather they only rule that Guantanamo is in violation of international law. They don’t increase economic enagement on face
1. Limits – they explode the topic – blurring the lines between economic and other forms of engagement makes any positive interaction with another country topical. It’s impossible to predict or prepare
2. Ground – the economic limit is vital to critiques of economics, trade disads, and non-economic counterplans
4. At most they are FX Topical which is an independent voting issue for fairness and education, they don’t directly result in USFG action
5
1. Death and misfortune are inevitable. Plans to fix the world are rooted in an egotistical desire for management and control that is the root cause of all suffering and violence.
If you open yourself to loss, you are at one with loss and AND more we tamper with it, the more damage we will do.
2. The alternative is to take no action to create desired ends—this is no mere resignation but rather an acceptance of the notion that we are created out of a combination of movements and will be part of a further transformation after our deaths
Specifically, the Tao is humble, yielding, and non-assertive. Like AND most powerful force in existence, and nothing can thwart its unceasing operation.
Torture
Squo getting better at Gitmo – improvements mark change
Gitmo will inevitably close - Obama is already making huge efforts to close the detention center
Pickler 11/18/13 (Nedra Pickler is a White House reporter for The Assiciated Press)("Obama Administration Pushing To Loosen Guantanamo Detainee Transfer Rules" http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/18/obama-guantanamo-detainee_n_4295199.html) WASHINGTON (AP) — President Barack Obama is pushing to overcome obstacles to closing AND majority of detainees who were long ago cleared to be sent back home."
Turn – detainees will get transferred to worse places – more human rights abuses
Treat aff evidence as suspect – Media blows cases of detention out of proportion
Rodriguez 12 (Jose A., Jose A. Rodriguez, Jr, of Puerto Rican descent, was the Director of the National Clandestine Service (D/NCS) of the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). He was the last CIA Deputy Director for Operations (DDO) before that position was expanded to D/NCS in December 2004., "Harsh terror interrogations were necessary, legal and effective," Cable News Network. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc., May 10, 2012.
As I detail in my new book: "Hard Measures, How Aggressive CIA AND them with their propaganda mission by unquestioningly repeating false information about their detention.
I-Law
Cant solve this adv - US will always refuse to comply with IL
The United States government has consistently opposed an international court that could hold US military AND the ICC, due to its concern about possible charges against US nationals.
Closing GITMO can’t solve—critical investigation key to regain credibility
This posture, if maintained, runs contrary to the US government’s repeated assertions of AND these countries did so with the encouragement and support of the United States.
It wasn’t so long ago that the overwhelming majority of courts in democratic countries shared AND of international law and to heed the constitutional jurisprudence of other national courts.
Imperialism takes root from human nature. In history we see whenever a country had AND . Through these treaties may be in the future they can defend themselves.
And this adv doesn’t make sense – the U.S is not getting out of gitmo to stop all imperialism – it’s the opposite – we are trying to gain credibility so when we do invade another country, we’ll have enough clout. The plan accomplishes the opposite of its intents – increases imperialism.
No solvency – Guantanamo showcases U.S. imperialism, but closure doesn’t overcome alt causes
Alt causes would outweigh – oncoming invasion of Syria, a war in Iraq and Afghanistan. Cannot overcome the past 50 years of countless interventions and building anti-americanism.
The impossibility to attain knowledge of every outcome or abuse leaves utilitarianism as the only option for most rational decision-making
Goodin 95 – Professor of Philosophy at the Research School of the Social Sciences at the Australian National University (Robert E., Cambridge University Press, "Utilitarianism As a Public Philosophy" pg 63) My larger argument turns on the proposition that there is something special about the situation AND , aggregates and averages is just not sufficiently fine-grained for that.
Extinction is a qualitatively different impact-our nuclear war discourse is also good
Sandberg et al 8 - Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University, PhD in computational neuroscience from Stockholm University and is a postdoctoral research assistant for the EU Enhance project Anders, James Martin Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University, PhD in computational neuroscience from Stockholm University and is a postdoctoral research assistant for the EU Enhance project; Jason Matheny, PhD candidate in Health Policy and Management at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. He is also a special consultant to the Center for Biosecurity at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and co-founder of New Harvest; and Milan ?irkovi?, senior research associate at the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade. He is also an assistant professor of physics at the University of Novi Sad in Serbia and Montenegro ,"How can we reduce the risk of human extinction?," Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction-http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction
In 1983, discussion of human extinction re-emerged when Carl Sagan and others AND neuroscience, and developing international policies to reduce the risk of catastrophic accidents.
Their impact is biased towards the status quo—privileging a systemic impact because it’s happening now doesn’t assume that the world changes due to a large-scale impact like a nuclear war—massive impacts will have catastrophic, unpredictable, systemic effects which would overwhelm their impact even if the initial catastrophe didn’t
Intervening actors solve magnitude—their impact may add up over time, but this only increases the chance that some action will eventually be taken to solve it
Systemic threats do not outweigh extinction—the availability heuristic causes us to underestimate both magnitude and probability
Yudkowsky 2006 (Eliezer, Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence, "Cognitive biases potentially Affecting judgment of global risks," forthcoming in Global Catastrophic Risks, August 31)
A general principle underlying the heuristics-and-biases program is that human beings AND since, obviously, humanity has never yet encountered an extinction event.2
12/7/13
Adv CP
Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Damien AU | Judge: Richard Cardenas The United States federal government should fully fund the development and deployment of sea basing. The United States federal government should -end signature strikes which target unidentified militants -limit targeted killings to a limited number of specific terrorists with transnational ambitions -improve congressional oversight of drone strikes -work internationally to establish rules and norms governing the use of drones Seabasing solves heg Perry 9 (Commander Michael F, US Navy, 6-5-09, “IMPORTANCE OF SEABASING TO LAND POWER GENERATION”, USAWC PROGRAM RESEARCH. http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/ GetTRDoc?AD=ADA508337and Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdf This study reaches six conclusions regarding the importance and future of Seabasing. First, AND achieve political purpose in a manner which most other joint capabilities cannot match.”
Drones solve boarder terror—efficiency and resolving unpopularity is key Rozemberg 12 (Hernan, served as a Bureau Chief and senior correspondent for NPR's "Fronteras: The Changing America Desk," where he covered issues of immigration and border security, "Mixed Feelings On Border Drones: Boon To National Security, Threat To Privacy", July 5 2012, www.fronterasdesk.org/content/mixed-feelings-border-drones-boon-national-security-threat-privacy) ¶ The Department of Homeland Security just launched its tenth Predator B Unmanned Aerial System AND Policy, a foreign policy think tank in Washington, D.C.
2/16/14
Adv CP for Ag and Credibility
Tournament: HoFlo | Round: 3 | Opponent: Niles North BT | Judge: Ryan Nierman The United States department of agriculture should issue a conference report allocating appropriated funding for research and development for agriculture technologies including: global positioning systems, computerized transplanters, harvesters seeders and all other necessary computerized records technology. The United States federal government should change their foreign policy in the Middle East by -increasing support for the freedom aspirations of the Iranian people -increasing diplomatic pressure to get Iran to compromise over their nuclear program -promoting religious freedom throughout the Middle East
Research and Development increases agricultural technology development USDA No Date “Agricultural Technology Development” U.S. Department of Agriculture. http://www.docstoc.com/docs/77121256/New-Agricultural-Technology Research and technology development have been the foundation for productivity gains in the agricultural sector AND such as pest- and disease-resistant crops that require fewer chemicals.
The cp solves cred by changing our Middle East policies Inboden 13 (Will, Distinguished Scholar at the Strauss Center for International Security and Law and AND 16/the_middle_easts_4_strategic_contests) These four contests are not discrete and exclusive, but are taking place simultaneously and AND with the compelling American interests at stake in the outcomes of each contest.
That solves credibility—plan can’t solve without fixing Middle Eastern foreign policy Young 13 (Michael, opinion editor of The Daily Star, quoting Anne-Marie Slaughter, Princeton University, former director of policy planning at the US State department, and Vali Nasr, former adviser to Richard Holbrooke, the late US special envoy to Afghanistan and Pakistan, and is currently dean of John Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies in DC, one of America's most authoritative commentators on international relations, "Ex-Obama officials lament US president's lack of Middle East policy", www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/books/ex-obama-officials-lament-us-presidents-lack-of-middle-east-policy) It is revealing that two former Obama administration officials have become critics of current US AND world - his perennial caution suffocating his ability to exploit valuable political openings.¶
2/22/14
Anti-money laundering CP
Tournament: Blake | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wayzata CC | Judge: Carly Wunderlich Text: The National Banking and Securities Commission should increase anti-money laundering efforts by adopting the supervisory review in the Basel II recommendation.
CP solves case Viñals and Ezyaguirre 11 Jose and Nicolás, International Monetary Fund, Mexico, "Financial System Stability Assessment", reflects the work undertaken in the context of joint IMF/World Bank FSAP Updates missions to Mexico City in September and October 2011, December 7, 2011, www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2012/cr1265.pdf The CNBV’s organization, regulations, and prudential supervision have been ¶ significantly overhauled since AND inspections, to provide ¶ benchmarks against which business practices can be judged.
2/11/14
Baudrillard
Tournament: Ohio Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Detroit Community DS | Judge: Melanie Campbell Bereft of values, our society demands images of suffering from others to replenish our moral sentiment. We exchange our pity for their pain, in a process that guarantees the suffering must continue. Baudrillard in 94 (Jean, September 28, "No Reprieve For Sarejevo")
The problem lies indeed in the nature of our reality. We have got only AND undermining the military-industrial complex of old and sinister days. ¶ ?
Their use of the suffering of others is nothing more than exploitation. They turn suffering into a perverse for of capital to be exchanged for your ballot, vampirically draining the life from those who suffer, and ensuring their suffering continues. We must reject their economy of trauma to prevent further suffering. Baudrillard 96 (Jean Baudrillard The Perfect Crime, 1996, pg 133 – 137,) Our reality: that is the problem. We have only one, and it AND aware of what we are doing -- from evil, never from misfortune.
2/11/14
Civil Disobedience DA
Tournament: Ohio Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Detroit Community DS | Judge: Melanie Campbell A) By participating in this tournament while knowingly rejecting the resolution, an agreed upon norm, our opponents are acting as civil disobedients. Though they have the right to challenge rules they believe to be unjust, their request for the ballot is contradictory to the goals of their resistance. A.D. Woozley 76 (Professor of Moral Philosophy at University of Virginia, “Civil Disobedience and Punishment,” Ethics, Vol. 86, No. 4. (Jul., 1976), pp. 323-331, accessed via JSTOR) The civil disobedient stands to gain nothing for himself (as the ordinary criminal does AND those for whom it is rightly claimed, to demand it for themselves.
B) If you do believe their stance is sincere and/or you agree with it, you should reward their civil disobedience with a loss. Punishment is key to enlisting the sympathy of the majority and ensuring the movement succeeds. Cohen 72 – Marshall, University Professor, Emeritus, Professor of Philosophy and Law, Emeritus, and Dean, Emeritus, College of Letters, Arts and Sciences at USC “Liberalism and Disobedience,” Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 3. (Spring, 1972), pp. 283-314, http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2265054.pdf It is for this reason that the civil disobedient characteristically notifies government officials of the AND at stake, and this is the first objective of the civil disobedient.
2/11/14
Contact Information
Tournament: Contact Information | Round: Finals | Opponent: Anyone who wants cites | Judge: Nobody cantstopwontstop Kris 2A kristrivedi17@gmailcom
Lia 2N liaisono1996@gmailcom
2/20/14
Cuban Overheating DA
Tournament: HoFlo | Round: 1 | Opponent: Iowa City HS | Judge: Jon Voss Recent Cuban reforms stabilize their economy. A quick transition would break Cuba. Ted Piccone, 12 (Ted Piccone is a senior fellow and deputy director for Foreign Policy at Brookings. Piccone specializes in U.S.-Latin American relations; global democracy and human rights; and multilateral affairs. Piccone serves as an advisor to the Club of Madrid and has served on the National Security Council, at the State Department and Pentagon), Brookings, “Cuba Is Changing, Slowly but Surely,” January 19, 2012, http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2012/01/19-cuba-piccone A closer look, however, reveals something more profound—a wholesale mental shift AND , with time, make long overdue reconciliation with the United States inevitable.
U.S. engagement leads to investment in Cuba—that creates an unsustainable transition Robert David Cruz 03 (current qualifications: PhD., Chief economist for Miami-Dade County) “Foreign Direct Investment in Post-Castro Cuba: Problems, Opportunities and Recommendations,” University of Miami, Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies, Pg. 20, http://ctp.iccas.miami.edu/Research_Studies/RDCruz.pdf The appropriate U.S. role during an economic transition is not to promote AND infrastructure in ways that promote economic development that is spread across the island.
Causes Biological Warfare Mastrapa 99 – Armando F. Mastrapa, Department of Government and Politics, St. John's University, 1999, "Evolution, Transition And The Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces,"www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume9/pdfs/mastrapa.pdf However, the FAR may utilize biological warfare as an offensive capability and deterrent. AND a serious risk if faced with an external challenge to its governing elites.
Extinction Anders Sandberg 8, is a James Martin Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University; Jason G. Matheny, PhD candidate in Health Policy and Management at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and special consultant to the Center for Biosecurity at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Milan M. ?irkovi?, senior research associate at the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade and assistant professor of physics at the University of Novi Sad in Serbia and Montenegro, 9/8/8, “How can we reduce the risk of human extinction?,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction The risks from anthropogenic hazards appear at present larger than those from natural ones. AND may increase as biotechnologies continue to improve at a rate rivaling Moore's Law.
2/22/14
Heidegger
Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Cyprus Bay SU | Judge: Jon Sussman The affirmative essentializes the river into a standing reserve --- perpetuating the notion that the world is nothing more than a resource for humanity Brassington, 7 ---- CSEP, School of Law, University of Manchester (Iain,On Heidegger, medicine, and the modernity of modern medical technology, Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy,10, pg. 192-193)
Inasmuch as an item would not have brought itself into presence without human intervention, AND not onta:a world of rivers, not ?uid dynamics and force.
In order to find a different relationship to technology the alternative is to do nothing because only doing nothing allows for a new destining of being.
Harman in 09 (Graham, Professor of Philosophy @ American University in Cairo, “Cambridge Journal of Economics”, 2009, Vol. 34(1), Technology, objects and things in Heidegger p.17-25)
Another word in Heidegger's constellation of technology terms is danger, which turns out to AND wish to know’ (Heidegger, 1994, pp. 71–2).
2/16/14
Memos CP
Tournament: Blake | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wayzata CC | Judge: Carly Wunderlich Text: The Director of the Western Hemisphere affairs Bureau of the United States Department of State should issue and publish in the Federal Register a policy memorandum that relevant United States entities should substantially increase its Automatic Exchange of Information and Trade Transparency Units with Mexico.
Competes---the CP’s policy statement is not legally binding---it doesn’t enact the plan, it simply recommends its mandates Charles H. Koch 5, the Dudley W. Woodbridge Professor of Law, William and Mary School of Law, Spring 2005, “Policymaking by the Administrative Judiciary,” Alabama Law Review, 56 Ala. L. Rev. 693, p. lexis n110 E.g., Consol Edison Co of New York v. FERC, 315 F.3d 316, 323 (D.C. Cir 2003) "Policy statements" differ from substantive rules that carry the "force of law," because they lack "present binding effect" on the agency. When an agency hears a case under an established policy statement, it may decide the case using that policy statement if the decision is not otherwise arbitrary and capricious. Id. n111 One brand of nonlegislative rule, "statements of policy," may not have a binding effect on the agency, resulting in even more ambiguous application to administrative judges Several courts distinguish statements of policy from other nonlegislative rules because the latter are not "binding norms" which control the agency For example, the D.C. Circuit described a statement of policy in these terms An agency policy statement does not seek to impose or elaborate or interpret a legal norm. It merely represents an agency position with respect to how it will treat--typically enforce--the governing legal norm By issuing a policy statement, an agency simply lets the public know its current enforcement or adjudicatory approach . . . Policy statements are binding on neither the public, nor the agency Syncor Int'l Corp v. Shalala, 127 F.3d 90, 94 (D.C. Cir. 1997). A statement might not be binding because it serves the dual purpose of "informing AND Administrative Open Mind, 41 DUKE L J 1497, 1503 (1992).
Solves the Case---the practical result is the same as binding law---the policy statement sends the signal of the plan and causes agencies to implement it James Hunnicutt 99, J.D., Boston College Law School, December 1999, “NOTE: Another Reason to Reform the Federal Regulatory System: Agencies' Treating Nonlegislative Rules as Binding Law,” Boston College Law Review, 41 B.C. L. Rev 153, p. lexis Depending on whether a rule is adopted with or without notice-and-comment process, the rule will have different legal effects. n113 Legislative rules produced after notice-and-comment procedures constitute substantive law and legally bind both agencies and private parties in future legal and administrative proceedings. n114 Conversely, nonlegislative rules generally may not have binding legal effects. n115 Nonlegislative rules, however, sometimes have practical legal effects. n116 *171 A. Nonlegislative Rules Generally Cannot Have Binding Legal Effects Rules created without process--interpretative rules, general statements of policy, rules of agency organization and other nonlegislative rules--generally cannot have legally binding effects. n117 In administrative and judicial proceedings, nonlegislative rules are not treated as law, but as influential agency thought that may factor into a proceeding's outcome. n118 According to the courts, nonlegislative rules cannot be the decisive factor in a court AND EPA to force the generating states to revise their air pollution controls. n127 The court found that the letter constituted a rule within the meaning of the APA AND effects. n131 Reality, however, may differ from this principle. n132 B. Agencies May Try to Apply Nonlegislative Rules as Law Against Private Parties When agencies treat a nonlegislative rule as law, those rules will have the practical effect of binding law because people tend to acquiesce to that which the government informs them constitutes the law. n133 Most members of the public assume all agency rules constitute legitimate law, so they simply conform to all rules. n134 By treating nonlegislative *173 rules as law, agencies can convince the public into following nonlegislative rules. n135 Occasionally, agencies rely upon nonlegislative rules for enforcement actions. n136 For example, AND agencies can utilize nonlegislative rules to influence programs administered by the states. n146 As the trial court did in Picciotto, courts sometimes agree with the agencies and AND notice-and-comment became binding law for the Red Cross. n151 *175 C. Analysis of the Legal Effects of Nonlegislative Rules The situation in Red Cross must be avoided because it robs the public of the AND will affect many people, including patients in need of blood transfusions. n154 When courts allow nonlegislative rules to have substantive effects on the public, they undermine AND the rule in court and have given up on the appeals process. n156
The CP avoids politics---but the plan and perm link Connor N. Raso 10, J.D., Yale Law School, January 2010, “Note: Strategic or Sincere? Analyzing Agency Use of Guidance Documents,” The Yale Law Journal, 119 Yale L.J. 782, p. lexis Guidance documents generally attract less attention from Congress and the President, giving agency leaders AND cases where Congress and the President are likely to intervene against the agency.
2/11/14
Mexican Overheating DA
Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Damien AU | Judge: Richard Cardenas Capital inflows are declining-keeps inflation low and the peso strong Reuters 13 “Mexico keeps rate steady but watches capital inflows”Apr 26, 2013 http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/26/mexico-economy-idUSL2N0DD1RE20130426 Central bank governor Agustin Carstens ruled out capital controls to temper inflows but said resuming AND first quarter of 2013, after picking up at the end of 2012.
Capital investment is the integral part of the US-Mexico economic relationship Villarreal 12 M. Angeles Villarreal Specialist in International Trade and Finance August 9, 2012 “U.S.-Mexico Economic Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications” http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32934.pdf Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been an integral part of the economic relationship AND operations in Mexico and lower their labor costs in the overall production process.
The Aff’s capital inflows damage Mexico’s economy-empirically proven Griffith-Jones 00 Stephany Griffith-Jones an economist specialising in international finance and development and an economist specialising in international finance and development “INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL FLOWS TO LATIN AMERICA” March, 2000 http://www.eclac.org/publicaciones/xml/7/4577/lcl1351i.pdf The significant increase in the volume of flows to Latin America in the 1990s, AND of macroeconomic variables) is damaging to investment, growth, and employment.
Mexican economic collapse wrecks the global economy DMN 95 Dallas Morning News citing Victor Lopez Villafane who is the director of the Center for North American Studies, Technology Institute of Monterrey, a member of the Board of the North American Forum on Integration (NAFI), has been a visiting scholar in various institutions and universities across North America and the Asia-Pacific region, and received a Ph.D. in economics from the National Autonomous University of Mexico, 11/28, Lexis With the exception of 1982 - when Mexico defaulted on its foreign debt and a AND the Mexican economy and the economies of some Asian and Latin American countries. Global economic crisis causes nuclear war Cesare Merlini 11, nonresident senior fellow at the Center on the United States and Europe and chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Italian Institute for International Affairs, May 2011, “A Post-Secular World?”, Survival, Vol. 53, No. 2 Two neatly opposed scenarios for the future of the world order illustrate the range of AND theocratic absolutes, competing or converging with secular absolutes such as unbridled nationalism.
2/16/14
Mexican Politics
Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Cyprus Bay SU | Judge: Jon Sussman Mexico energy reform implementation will pass now but Nieto’s PC is key Garza 12/19(Antonio Garza, writer for The Moniter. "COMMENTARY: Mexico's oil reforms -- a long road ahead". www.themonitor.com/opinion/columnists/article_ed02861a-6836-11e3-acf7-0019bb30f31a.html) Mexico took a giant leap toward a new economic future last week with congressional passage AND continued political opposition from the left can’t be dismissed as a potential complication.¶ Extensive new economic initiatives with the US are unpopular Long 13(Tom Long 4-16-2013 Doctoral research fellow, Center for Latin American and Latino Studies, American University, "Will tensions over security spoil the Obama-Peña Nieto Summit?” American University Center for Latin American and Latino Studies, aulablog.net/2013/04/16/will-tensions-over-security-spoil-the-obama-pena-nieto-summit/) Peña Nieto’s political incentives do not point to the same, high-profile cooperation AND violations and the slow pace of judicial reform could also grow more serious.
Secondary laws are necessary for investment and growth of Mexican Energy – key to Mexico’s economy Rowley 13 (Joe Rowley, LatinLawyer.com, the definitive information resource for business law in Latin America. "Secondary laws will prove crucial in Mexico’s energy reform" August 15 2013. www.bstl.com.mx/en/las-leyes-secundarias-seran-cruciales-en-la-reforma-energetica-de-mexico/)
"We see this initiative as a very positive endeavour.., as the proposed amendments AND infrastructure, such as pipelines, due to its different risk profile. ¶ Mexican Energy is key to global economic stability Moran 9 Michael Moran, vice president and executive editor of Roubini Global Economics and RGE's senior expert on geostrategic and political risk. From 2005-2009, Michael served as executive editor of CFR.org,. “Six Crises, 2009: A Half-Dozen Ways Geopolitics Could Upset Global Recovery”. Roubini Global Economics Monitor. July 31, 2009. http://fbkfinanzwirtschaft.wordpress.com/2009/08/07/six-crises-2009-a-half-dozen-ways-geopolitics-could-upset-global-recovery/
A story receiving more attention in the American media than Iraq these days is the AND to oil fields well-beyond their peak and restrictions on foreign investment. Economic decline causes war and miscalculation Royal 10— Jedidiah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, M.Phil. Candidate at the University of New South Wales, 2010 (“Economic Integration, Economic Signalling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Edited by Ben Goldsmith and Jurgen Brauer, Published by Emerald Group Publishing, ISBN 0857240048, p. 213-215)
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict AND such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.
2/16/14
Multi-plank CP
Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Bellarmine HB | Judge: Stephanie Garrett Text: The United States federal government should
Issue a conference report allocating appropriated funding for research and development for agriculture technologies including: global positioning systems, computerized transplanters, harvesters seeders and all other necessary computerized records technology. 2. Institute and fund a Quadrennial Ecosystems Services Trends Assessment. 3. Have the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration release sulfate aerosols sufficient to increase Earth’s albedo by two percent, distributed over time, near the tropical upward branch of the stratospheric circulation system, adjust albedo enhancement as necessary as data becomes available based on the results, and should not stop abruptly without taking into account the effect on carbon sinks, or without the ability to quickly restart if necessary.
Research and Development increases agricultural technology development USDA No Date “Agricultural Technology Development” U.S. Department of Agriculture. http://www.docstoc.com/docs/77121256/New-Agricultural-Technology Research and technology development have been the foundation for productivity gains in the agricultural sector AND such as pest- and disease-resistant crops that require fewer chemicals.
Solves biodiversity PCAST ’11 ( President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT SUSTAINING ENVIRONMENTAL CA PITA L : PROTECTING SOC IETY AND THE ECONOMY , White House, July 2011, http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast_sustaining_environmental_capital_report.pdf) In the report we transmit here, PCAST’s Working Group on Biodiversity Preservation and Ecosystem AND quadrennial National Climate Assessment mandated by the Global Change Research Act of 1990.
Counterplan solves warming- natural albedo enhancement and best climate science prove Ikle, CSIS distinguished scholar, and Wood, Hoover Institute research fellow, 2008 Fred, undersecretary of defense for policy for President Ronald Reagan and director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency for Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, and Lowell, "Climatic Engineering," The National Interest, l/n, accessed 9-6-10, mss Moreover, climate scientists now warn us we cannot be sure that the envisaged future AND upper stratospheric ozone layer than did the Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption in 1991.
2/16/14
QE CP
Tournament: Dowling Catholic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Cedar Rapids Washington BK | Judge: Jon Voss Text: The United States federal government should continue current quantitative easing policies indefinitely. Open ended promise of QE solves the investor perception (Gongloff 6/19, Mark Gongloff, chief financial writer at The Huffington Post. He was previously a reporter, editor and blogger at The Wall Street Journal and CNN/Money, “Markets Sell Off Sharply After Bernanke Talks Of Quantitative Easing Slowdown”, Huffington Post, 6/19/13, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/19/bernanke-markets_n_3467940.html) Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke sent tremors through U.S. financial markets on AND ringing endorsement of the economy's ability to stand on its own two feet.
Even as gold prices have hovered at historical highs, central banks have been snapping AND currency interventions to keep the peso weak, which resulted in ballooning reserves. Dollar lending creates a moral hazard in vulnerable economies, like Mexico Sengupta 10 (Rajeswari, Department of Economics, University of California, Santa Cruz, “Firm Dollar Debt and Central Bank Dollar Reserves: A Case of Moral Hazard?,” May, 2010, http://sciie.ucsc.edu/workingpaper/2010/Moral20Hazard20and20Reserves-Raj-1.pdf)
In this paper, we explore a robust but previously undocumented association between the foreign AND control variables, as well as country, sector, and time dummies.
Gold is key to stability in times of crisis – the brink is now Barba 3/14 (Guillermo, Mexican financial journalist- writes for multiple financial magazines and newspapers about Mexico’s financial stability, economy, silver, and gold; “BANK OF MEXICO BUYS PAPER “GOLD”, SELLS PHYSICAL!”- InteligenciaFinanciera Global; 3/14/13; http://inteligenciafinancieraglobal.blogspot.mx/2013/03/bank-of-mexico-buys-paper-gold-sells.html)
Two years ago Banxico bought 100 tons of gold, and in 2012, added AND in fact within our borders. The clock is ticking Mr. Carstens.
2/11/14
QPQ CP
Tournament: Evanston | Round: 6 | Opponent: Lane Tech WC | Judge: Mitchel Caminer CP TEXT: The USFG should normalize trade relations with Cuba if and only if the Cuban government implements, through a bilateral framework, economic liberalization reforms, including engaging international financial institutions, reducing restrictions on foreign direct investment, and admittance into the Organization of American States. The United States federal government should then make all conditions reversible, as per our 3rd Perez evidence.
Only the counterplan solves Cuban growth and democracy – US engagement in economic liberalization ensures stable transition post-Castro and avoids a civil war. And they’d say yes. David A. Perez, Yale Law School, JD, 2010, Harvard Latino Law Review, Spring,13 Harv. Latino L. Rev. 187, America’s Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department, p. 216-7ts The United States should recognize that economic change is a precursor to political change. AND , may also prevent a costly civil war during the inevitably painful transition. An unstable transition causes Caribbean terrorism, regional instability, and turns the case Gorrell 2005 Tim, Lieutenant Colonel, “CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?” 3/18, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074 Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, Cuba’s AND in an effort to facilitate a manageable transition to post-Castro Cuba? OAS admittance solves human rights abuses, the drug trade, and free trade. David A. Perez, Yale Law School, JD, 2010, Harvard Latino Law Review, Spring,13 Harv. Latino L. Rev. 187, America’s Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department, p. 216-7ts (2A) Engage Cuba Within the Contours of the OAS The U. AND rights, free trade, humanitarian crisis response, and the drug trade.
Conditionality and reversibility are key – Plan fails without the threat of returned sanctions – government repression, instability and chaos would be the result David A. Perez, Yale Law School, JD, 2010, Harvard Latino Law Review, Spring,13 Harv. Latino L. Rev. 187, America’s Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department, p. 216-7ts After conducting some initial discussions, both countries can then move on to the embargo AND to Cuba, by no means are any overtures on Washington’s end irreversible.
2/22/14
Russia SOI DA
Tournament: HoFlo | Round: 3 | Opponent: Niles North BT | Judge: Ryan Nierman Russia is massively expanding its influence into Latin America – the U.S. is out of the picture Nechepurenko, foreign and internal affairs analyst of Russia and the CIS, worked for several think tanks and governmental organizations including the OSCE and Carnegie Moscow Center, Master of Science in International Relations from the London School of Economics and International Relations, 13 (Ivan, “Russia Seeks to Restore Influence in Latin America”, Russia Seeks to Restore Influence in Latin America”, http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/russia-seeks-to-restore-influence-in-latin-america/480827.html, 5/30/13, Jpape) Russia has demonstrated its increasing leverage in Latin America with Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov meeting AND America, and we will see more Latin American goods in our stores." Latin America is key to Russia’s fight for influence – the plan trades off Astrada and Martín, Astrada: PhD in International Relations from Florida International University, and Martín: Associate Professor of International Relations at Florida International University, 13 (Marvin L., and Félix E. April 2013 Palgrave Pivot, “Russia and Latin America From Nation-State to Society of States” http://books.google.com/books?id=abi_Zzdgvt4Candpg=PA30andlpg=PA30anddq=Cuba+22sphere+of+influence22+US+Russia+-chinaandsource=blandots=o1r7kotRvPandsig=vpE3YiH98oZQUYbl9LIH7-fGVr4andhl=enandsa=Xandei=hMPcUabOK8SiiQLPp4DwBAandved=0CFoQ6AEwBg#v=onepageandq=Cuba2022sphere20of20influence2220US20Russia20-chinaandf=false 7/9/13) Latin America has historically played an important role in the struggle for sphere of influence AND , i.e., an ideological and military foothold in the Americas. US infringement on influence specifically causes Russian nationalism – perception alone triggers resentment Nodia, Georgian political analyst who served as the Minister of Education and Science in the Cabinet of Georgia, 9 (April 2009, Ghia, “THE WOUNDS OF LOST EMPIRE”, Journal of Democracy, Vol. 20, Iss. 2; pg. 34, Proquest) I believe that the crucial factor in explaining the peculiarity of the Russian case ( AND the collective moral power to set norms in politics and much more besides. Extinction – causes START collapse and nuclear lash-out Israelyan, Soviet Ambassador, 98 (Victor Israelyan was a Soviet ambassador, diplomat, arms control negotiator, and leading political scientist. The Washington Quarterly 1998 Winter ) The first and by far most dangerous possibility is what I call the power scenario AND be able to stumble on, until we all fall down together." n12
2/22/14
T - EE not tech coop
Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Bellarmine HB | Judge: Stephanie Garrett A. Interpretation – “economic engagement” means the aff must be an exclusively economic action – it cannot encompass broader forms of engagement Jakstaite, 10 - Doctoral Candidate Vytautas Magnus University Faculty of Political Sciences and Diplomacy (Lithuania) (Gerda, “CONTAINMENT AND ENGAGEMENT AS MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES” BALTIC JOURNAL OF LAW and POLITICS VOLUME 3, NUMBER 2 (2010), DOI: 10.2478/v10076-010-0015-7) The approach to engagement as economic engagement focuses exclusively on economic instruments of foreign policy AND other types of engagement, such as the conditional-unconditional economic engagement.
B. Violation – the affirmative is tech which is non-economic engagement Australian Government, 11 (“The White Paper and Australia’s Strategic Relationship with China”, 9/28 http://asiancentury.dpmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/public-submissions/nd.doc Australia risks losing a healthy relationship with Asia due to overdependence on trade relations and AND in the near future • Cultivating soft power through aid funding and development projects
2/16/14
T - EE specific sanctions
Tournament: Evanston | Round: 6 | Opponent: Lane Tech WC | Judge: Mitchel Caminer Economic engagement must be the removal of specific sanctions and embargos. You have to offer positive, tangible incentives to be topical. Simply saying “Normalize economic relations” doesn’t do anything. You need to lift specific parts of the embargo. Haas and O'Sullivan 2k Richard- senior aide to bush and Director of FP studies at Brookings Insitution. Megan - Fellow with FP studies at Brookings. "Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies" www.brookings.edu//media/research/files/a rticles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf The term ‘engagement’ was popularised in the early 1980s amid controversy¶ about the AND are just some of the possible incentives used in the form of¶ engagement This model of debate crushes education and justifies an unfair expansion of the topic Hayden 13 (Dr. Craig Hayden is an assistant professor in the International Communication Program at American University's School of International Service. “Engagement” is More Convenient than Helpful: Dissecting a Public Diplomacy Term.”, http://intermap.org/2013/06/20/engagement-is-more-convenient-than-helpful-dissecting-a-public-diplomacy-term/ I think this tension is readily apparent in efforts to use social media for public AND the purpose and the operative theories that underscore efforts to reach foreign publics. B. Voting issue –
Limits – not requiring the aff to specify explodes the literature base – it frees them from having to find specific solvency advocates or defenses of particular engagement strategies and allows them to dodge links through vagueness 2. Ground – if they don’t specify, it prevents us from accessing most of the literature written against engagement which is geared towards contrasting strategies – they’ve destroyed legitimate CP ground 3. This turns solvency – specificity key to prevent subverting implementation Thompson 2000 (Anne, FAO, Sustainable Livelihoods Approaches at the Policy Level Paper prepared for FAO e-conference, March, http://www.livelihoods.org/pip/pip/tho2-fao.doc) (emphasis in original) Policy itself can be analysed conceptually at a number of different levels. In its AND , or because the policy is subverted by those responsible for implementing it.
4. CI
2/22/14
T - Material Needs
Tournament: Dowling Catholic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Cedar Rapids Washington BK | Judge: Jon Voss Interpretation – Economic engagement requires meeting material needs of the target country Resnick 1 (Dr. Evan Resnick, Ph.D. in Political Science from Columbia University, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University, “Defining Engagement”, Journal of International Affairs, Spring, 54(2), Ebsco)
A REFINED DEFINITION OF ENGAGEMENT¶ In order to establish a more effective framework for AND Hitler's Germany, will not be seduced by the potential benefits of engagement.
2/11/14
T - cooperative framework
Tournament: Blake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Styuvessant YA | Judge: Abby Schirmer A. Interpretation – A topical affirmative establishes a governmental framework for commerce. B. Definition - Economic Engagement is synonymous with Economic Diplomacy Michael Mastanduno, government professor, Dartmouth, 2003, The Strategy of Economic Engagement: Theory and Practice, in Edward D. Mansfield and Brian M. Pollins, eds, Economic Interdependence and International Conflict: New Perspectives on an Enduring Debate, p. 184-5 Much of the attention in political science to the question of interdependence and conflict focuses AND ” instead of sticks. Critics of the strategy call it economic appeasement. C. Violation – The plan targets a specific investment – it does not establish a framework for engagement Woolcock 13 – Stephen Woolcock, Lecturer in International Relations at The London School of Economics, and Sir Nicholas Bayne, Fellow at the International Trade Policy Unit of the London School of Economics, The Oxford Handbook of Modern Diplomacy, p. 387 Before suggesting some ways in which economic diplomacy could be seen as a distinct branch AND of rules and disciplines within which markets and such commercial diplomacy function.4
And that means tech sharing and coop is untopical Vickers 12 – Dr. Brendan Vickers, Research Associate on Global Economy and Development at the Institute for Global Dialogue, South African Foreign Policy Review, Volume 1, Ed. Landsberg and Van Wyk, p. 112-113 Conceptually, it is also possible to distinguish between 'economic' and 'commercial' diplomacy or, AND to gain tangibly from the opportunities created by broader economic diplomacy processes.1
And their investment is not government-to-government Daga, 13 - director of research at Politicas Publicas para la Libertad, in Bolivia, and a visiting senior policy analyst at the Heritage Foundation (Sergio, “Economics of the 2013-2014 Debate Topic: U.S. Economic Engagement Toward Cuba, Mexico or Venezuela”, National Center for Policy Analysis, 5/15, http://www.ncpa.org/pdfs/Message_to_Debaters_6-7-13.pdf) Economic engagement between or among countries can take many forms, but this document will AND some issues are more important with respect to some countries than to others.
Appeasement is defined as "granting concessions to potential enemies to maintain peace." Giving Iran international legitimacy and removing sanctions would have maintained peace with a potential enemy without changing the undemocratic practices of the enemy. If this isn't appeasement, I don't know how better to define the word.
Thus, a rigid conceptual distinction can be drawn between engagement and appeasement. Whereas AND or in exchange for certain concessions on the part of the target state.
B. Violation – they remove restrictions – that’s appeasement
C. Voting issue
Limits – infinite amount of restrictions the aff can remove – explodes neg research burden
2. Ground – Lose spending links based off of increases in funding
