Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 5 | Opponent: Denver East SM | Judge: Alyssa Lucas-Bolin

T

A. Interpretation - Economic engagement is long-term strategy for promoting structural linkage between two economies
Mastanduno, 1 – professor of Government at Dartmouth College (Michael, "Economic Engagement Strategies: Theory and Practice" http://web.archive.org/web/20120906033646/http://polisci.osu.edu/faculty/bpollins/book/Mastanduno.pdf

The basic causal logic of economic engagement, and the emphasis on domestic politics,
AND
chain runs from economic interdependence through domestic political change to foreign policy accommodation.

Violation: Financial assets are intangible and short-term

Kolakowski, n.d. – AB magna cum laude in economics from Harvard College and an MBA in finance at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. 14 years at Merrill Lynch as a major contributor in areas including profitability analysis, transfer pricing, business forecasting, product pricing, sales compensation, market research, data mining and business strategy (Mark, "Financial Assets," No Date, http://financecareers.about.com/od/glossary/g/finassets.htm)//HO**
Financial Assets include cash and bank accounts plus securities and investment accounts that can be readily converted into cash. Excluded are illiquid physical assets such as real estate, automobiles, art, jewelry, furniture, collectibles, etc., which are included in calculations of Net Worth.

C. Voting issue for fairness and education – 

1. predictable limits – broad interpretations of engagement include anything that effects the economy, which means everything

2. negative ground – trade promotion is vital for a stable mechanism for disad links and counterplan ground

K

The affirmative is controlled by walking dildos and approaches the public sphere with male privilege by assuming a gender - neutral political subject. This renders the female body invisible

Fraser 90 (Nancy Fraser, "Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy", Social Text, No 25/26 (1990), pp. 60-61, Duke University Press, jstor.org/stable/466240  candle)
Now, let me juxtapose to this sketch of Habermas’s account an alternative account that
AND
status distinctions are bracketed and neutralized is not sufficient to make it so.

Violence should be understand as a continuum that affects all women – it has been constructed as the norm in relationships between men and women. It is the expectation that there will be violence. There no longer remains a distinction between abused and non-abused.  Violence against women represents sexual terrorism, a war on women where bodies are the physical territory upon which war is fought. This turns all impacts.

Ray 97 (Amy E. Ray, "The Shame Of It: Gender-Based Terrorism In The Former Yugoslavia And The Failure of International Human Rights Law To Comprehend The Injuries," The American University Law Review. Vol 46. , pp. 835-838, http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=138026context=aulr,  candle)
Transforming the human rights concept from a feminist perspective. . . relates women’s rights
AND
the~ political struggle ~over female subordination~ is women’s bodies."272 

Our Alternative is a castration of the system – separating us from the phallocentric logic of the polis. A method of radical female revolution through a lesbian separatist society refuses male presence.

Only reclaiming the notion of lesbianism beyond mere sexual classification breaks from the norms imposed by male hegemony and exposes the dehumanizing understanding of woman as an object to be fucked by man. To reclaim lesbianism is to reject the demands of the male cultural system and to create and celebrate the bonds of the female world.

Radicalesbians 1970 ~Radicalesbians, 1970, "The Woman Identified Woman," http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/womid  candle~
What is a lesbian? A lesbian is the rage of all women condensed to
AND
women from forming any primary attachments, groups, or associations among ourselves.

Lesbian anger comes from a woman’s experiences of violence and oppression by the hands of men. It unleashes a frightening rage capable of changing the world around her. Women will no longer be a walking apology, and lesbian rage demands attention and even without it tears at the walls of male supremacy for new female-driven world-making.

Kaplow 73 (Susi was part of the nucleus of the now expanded women’s liberation group in Paris in 1970, later joining the New York Radical Feminists and organizing four consciousnes-raising groups in addition to being on the organizing committee for the Speak-out on Rape in NYC in 1971, "Getting Angry", published in Radical Feminism, 1973, Quadrangle, www.feminist-reprise.org/docs/kaplow.htm  candle)
Two scenarios: An angry man: someone has infringed on his rights, gone
AND
personal to the political and becomes a force for shaping our new destiny.

K2

The plan is a gift that ensures US power by indebting marginalized populations

Arrigo and Williams 2k (Bruce, Christopher, prof. of Criminology/Law @ the University of North Carolina, associate professor of criminology @ the University of West Georgia, "Possibility of Democratic Justice and the "Gift" of the Majority: On Derrida, Deconstruction, and the Search for Equality Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice") 

Derrida’s explication of the gift provides an insightful metaphor with which to analyze the current
AND
cause of equality in furtherance of a cultural politics of difference and recognition.     

The aff is not a genuine caring for the other- but rather a fear and discomfort of feeling the other’s conditions for ourselves

Arrigo and Williams 2k (Bruce, Christopher, prof. of Criminology/Law @ the University of North Carolina, associate professor of criminology @ the University of West Georgia, "PHILOSOPHY OF THE GIFT AND THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ADVOCACY: CRITICAL REFLECTIONS ON FORENSIC MENTAL HEALTH INTERVENTION", International Journal for the Semiotics of Law, 2000, http://www.springerlink.com/content/v083155n8l118j06/fulltext.pdf)

From this perspective, conduct motivated by self-interest might be inevitable, and our interpretation of actions as selfless merely the result of "self-deception and rationalization".14
Similarly, Hobbes presents a definition of pity that anticipates the more psychoanalytically situated offerings
AND
action; some of which may include charity, assistance, or advocacy.
In Hobbes’s philosophy, we are not genuinely disturbed or discomforted by the misfortunes and
AND
We will return to these particular dynamics in subsequent sections of this essay.

The alt is to reject the false benevolence of the affirmative- rejection is key to inquiry about the unconscious influences behind plan action

Arrigo and Williams 2k, (Bruce and Christopher of the California School of Professional Psychology, Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice) "THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE GIFT AND THE PSYCHOLOGY OF¶ ADVOCACY: CRITICAL REFLECTIONS ON FORENSIC MENTAL¶ HEALTH INTERVENTION" 2000
CONCLUSION: PURIFYING THE GIFT OF ADVOCACY?¶ Psychological egoism – the inevitability of acting
AND
This is a challenge that awaits if psychiatric justice is to be realized.

Reject the 1AC’s assumptions in favor of understanding a group’s worldview

Ross 97 Author(s): Marc Howard Ross (Professor of Political Science at Bryn Mawr,¶ Ph.D., Northwestern University)"The Relevance of Culture for the Study of Political Psychology and Ethnic Conflict"¶ Source: Political Psychology, Vol. 18, No. 2, Special Issue: Culture and Cross-Cultural¶ Dimensions of Political Psychology (Jun., 1997), pp. 299-326¶ Published by: International Society of Political Psychology¶ Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3791771 .¶ Accessed: 25/07/2013
Emphasizing the cultural dimensions of ethnic conflict is at odds with the ¶ hypothesis that
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real losses, are prerequisites to ¶ developing new relationships with old enemies. 

Ptx

Farm bill will pass – EPA decision gives it momentum

Wasson 11-19 – Staff writer at The Hill (Erik, "EPA ethanol decision pushes farm bill toward finish line", November 19 of 2013, http://thehill.com/blogs/on-the-money/agriculture/190777-epa-ethanol-decision-pushes-farm-bill-toward-finish-line)
The Environmental Protection Agency’s preliminary decision to reduce renewable fuels blending requirements has increased momentum
AND
the first time the agency has lowered the target from the prior year.

Plan trades off – the link is the 1AC inherency evidence

Susan Page 13, USA Today, "How Obama can avoid the second-term curse," 1-15-13, http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/01/14/obama-second-term-curse/1834765/
"By the time a second term rolls around, the illusions about a president
AND
, but not everything. Fighting too many battles could mean winning none.

New farm bill key to prevent a food price spike

Nelson 10/17/13 ~Joe Nelson, writer for WEAU news, "Obama, ag industry waiting for new Farm bill," http://www.weau.com/home/headlines/Obama-ag-industry-waiting-for-new-Farm-Bill-228259521.html~~
With the government shutdown over, farmers are still waiting for a deal to be
AND
could cut down profits or even force some farmers to quit or retire.

Extinction

Brown 9 (Lester R, Founder of the Worldwatch Institute and the Earth Policy Institute "Can Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization?" Scientific American, May, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=civilization-food-shortages)
The biggest threat to global stability is the potential for food crises in poor countries
AND
states disintegrate, their fall will threaten the stability of global civilization itself.

CP

Text: The United States federal government should transfer all financial assets operated by the United States of America on the island of Cuba to the republic of Cuba if, and only if, Cuba agrees to release Alan Gross.

QPQ on economic engagement for Gross’s release solves

Piccone 12/10/12 – (Ted, "WHAT ROLES FOR FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN THE NEW CUBAN ECONOMY?" The Brookings Institute, Senior Fellow and Deputy Director, Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institute, Available online @ http://www.brookings.edu/~~/media/events/2012/12/1020cuba/20121210_cuban_economy.pdf)
SPEAKER: Thank you. Back to the stalemate in which we now find ¶
AND
Maybe I’ll leave it ¶ to Ted to mainly handle the Alan Gross question

Imperialism

Imperialism is no longer justified unless it has a net-positive effect on the target state

Miller 11 (Harrison,  head writer and research for The Miller Monitor, "Justifying Imperialism" December 21, 2011, https://sites.google.com/a/ncps-k12.org/amhnews-h-miller-2011/intellectual/justifying-imperialism)
United States imperialism began in the late 1800s and since its inception Americans have been
AND
spread their culture to other countries today, justifying the validity of imperialism.

No serial policy failure – their evidence only has two examples of imperialist entanglements and doesn’t make a general statement about imperialism

Utilitarianism is superior
Isaac 2 Jeffrey C. Isaac, Professor of Political Science and director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life at Indiana University, Spring 2002, Dissent, Ends, means, and politics

Power is not a dirty word or an unfortunate feature of the world. It
AND
not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness.

Investigation of different political strategies to strive for ethical outcomes is superior to demands for purity.

Isaac 2 Jeffrey C. Isaac, Professor of Political Science and director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life at Indiana University, Spring 2002, Dissent, Ends, means, and politics
Second, it would mean frankly acknowledging something well understood, often too eagerly embraced
AND
hand, the means available, and the likely effectiveness of different strategies.

Biopower

Zero impact to biopower—-biopolitical governance can’t mobilize populations for violence in the modern era
Jonathan Short, Ph.D. candidate in the Graduate Programme in Social 26 Political Thought, York University, 2005, "Life and Law: Agamben and Foucault on Governmentality and Sovereignty," Journal for the Arts, Sciences and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 1
Adding to the dangerousness of this logic of control, however, is that while
AND
nation-state have fallen into disrepute and have been all but abandoned. 

Postmodernism reduces the body to a blank slate helplessly inscribed by the molar forces of the collective.  In positing its general accounts of the phenomenological body, it covers up and makes logically impossible an account of the sexual body, and this makes women’s political exploitation inevitable.

Cahill 2001 ~Ann, Rethinking Rape, pp. 65-68~
While postmodern theory was virtually unanimous in its dethroning of scientific knowledge as the arbiter
AND
when distinctively disembodied, continues to thwart feminist attempts to develop women’s agency. 

The Affirmative’s denial of reality and attempt to proclaim a crisis of subjectivity is an attempt to move away from the idea of a universal truth.  However, some things are true, and one of those truths is gender equality

David Dalgleish, "In Search of Wonder Naive Criticism: Some Objections to Baudrillard and Bukatman,"1997 Science Fiction Studies, 24(1), March, http://www.depauw.edu/sfs/backissues/71/dalgleish71.htm *SF = Science Fiction*
But postmodern sf criticism is not the only form of sf criticism being practiced these
AND
, but still allows the real, the true, to exist independently.

Agamben’s theory of bare life is inherently gendered—

Ewa Ziarek, 2008 (Bare Life on Strike: Notes on the BIopolitics of Race and Gender, South Atlantic Quarterly, 107:1, Winter)
The most compelling force of Agamben’s work is his diagnosis of the ways the aporia
AND
erasure of the political distinctions and negative differentiation retrospectively produced by such erasure.

His silence on sexual difference happens THROUGHOUT his work

Catherine Mills, 2008 (The Philosophy of Agamben, McGill-Queens University Press: Ithaca, p 114-115)
Several points can be made about this conception of sexual fulfilment and notion of the
AND
the woman, inscribed solely in her face" ~{IP: 74).

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Atholton RS | Judge: Pablo Gannon

1

Interpretation - "Engagement" requires the provision of positive incentives

Haass 00 – Richard Haass 26 Meghan O’Sullivan, Brookings Institution Foreign Policy Studies Program, Honey and Vinegar: Incentives, Sanctions, and Foreign Policy, p. 1-2
The term engagement was popularized amid the controversial policy of constructive engagement pursued by the
AND
shape the behavior of countries with which the United States has important disagreements.

That means the plan must be a quid-pro-quo

De LaHunt 6 - Assistant Director for Environmental Health 26 Safety Services in Colorado College’s Facilities Services department (John, "Perverse and unintended" Journal of Chemical Health and Safety, July-August, Science direct)
Incentives work on a quid pro quo basis – this for that. If you
AND
run, for at least two reasons – unintended consequences and perverse incentives.

Violation – the plan isn’t

Voting issue:

Limits —- it functionally narrows the topic because few cases can defend conditioning —- the alternative is hundreds of single import or export cases that explode the Neg’s research burden

Ground —- QPQ locks in core generics like soft power and foreign politics DAs, counterplans to add or remove a condition, and critiques of diplomacy

2

Farm bill will pass – EPA decision gives it momentum

Wasson 11-19 – Staff writer at The Hill (Erik, "EPA ethanol decision pushes farm bill toward finish line", November 19 of 2013, http://thehill.com/blogs/on-the-money/agriculture/190777-epa-ethanol-decision-pushes-farm-bill-toward-finish-line)
The Environmental Protection Agency’s preliminary decision to reduce renewable fuels blending requirements has increased momentum
AND
the first time the agency has lowered the target from the prior year.

Plan trades off
Susan Page 13, USA Today, "How Obama can avoid the second-term curse," 1-15-13, http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/01/14/obama-second-term-curse/1834765/
"By the time a second term rolls around, the illusions about a president
AND
, but not everything. Fighting too many battles could mean winning none.

New farm bill key to prevent a food price spike

Nelson 10/17/13 ~Joe Nelson, writer for WEAU news, "Obama, ag industry waiting for new Farm bill," http://www.weau.com/home/headlines/Obama-ag-industry-waiting-for-new-Farm-Bill-228259521.html~~
With the government shutdown over, farmers are still waiting for a deal to be
AND
could cut down profits or even force some farmers to quit or retire.

Extinction

Brown 9 (Lester R, Founder of the Worldwatch Institute and the Earth Policy Institute "Can Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization?" Scientific American, May, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=civilization-food-shortages)
The biggest threat to global stability is the potential for food crises in poor countries
AND
states disintegrate, their fall will threaten the stability of global civilization itself.

3

The affirmative is controlled by walking dildos and approaches the public sphere with male privilege by assuming a gender - neutral political subject. This renders the female body invisible

Fraser 90 (Nancy Fraser, "Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy", Social Text, No 25/26 (1990), pp. 60-61, Duke University Press, jstor.org/stable/466240  candle)
Now, let me juxtapose to this sketch of Habermas’s account an alternative account that
AND
status distinctions are bracketed and neutralized is not sufficient to make it so.

Violence should be understand as a continuum that affects all women – it has been constructed as the norm in relationships between men and women. It is the expectation that there will be violence. There no longer remains a distinction between abused and non-abused.  Violence against women represents sexual terrorism, a war on women where bodies are the physical territory upon which war is fought. This turns all impacts.

Ray 97 (Amy E. Ray, "The Shame Of It: Gender-Based Terrorism In The Former Yugoslavia And The Failure of International Human Rights Law To Comprehend The Injuries," The American University Law Review. Vol 46. , pp. 835-838, http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=138026context=aulr,  candle)
Transforming the human rights concept from a feminist perspective. . . relates women’s rights
AND
the~ political struggle ~over female subordination~ is women’s bodies."272 

Our Alternative is a castration of the system – separating us from the phallocentric logic of the polis. A method of radical female revolution through a lesbian separatist society refuses male presence.

Only reclaiming the notion of lesbianism beyond mere sexual classification breaks from the norms imposed by male hegemony and exposes the dehumanizing understanding of woman as an object to be fucked by man. To reclaim lesbianism is to reject the demands of the male cultural system and to create and celebrate the bonds of the female world.

Radicalesbians 1970 ~Radicalesbians, 1970, "The Woman Identified Woman," http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/womid  candle~
What is a lesbian? A lesbian is the rage of all women condensed to
AND
women from forming any primary attachments, groups, or associations among ourselves.

Lesbian anger comes from a woman’s experiences of violence and oppression by the hands of men. It unleashes a frightening rage capable of changing the world around her. Women will no longer be a walking apology, and lesbian rage demands attention and even without it tears at the walls of male supremacy for new female-driven world-making.

Kaplow 73 (Susi was part of the nucleus of the now expanded women’s liberation group in Paris in 1970, later joining the New York Radical Feminists and organizing four consciousnes-raising groups in addition to being on the organizing committee for the Speak-out on Rape in NYC in 1971, "Getting Angry", published in Radical Feminism, 1973, Quadrangle, www.feminist-reprise.org/docs/kaplow.htm  candle)
Two scenarios: An angry man: someone has infringed on his rights, gone
AND
personal to the political and becomes a force for shaping our new destiny.

4

Nieto’s PEMEX reform will pass, but Nieto’s political capital is key

Pickrell 9/20 – (Emily, energy reporter, has been a policy analyst for the Government Accountability Office, "Former Mexico president expects lawmakers to pass energy reforms," Fuelfix.com, 9/20/13, http://fuelfix.com/blog/2013/09/20/former-mexican-president-expects-lawmakers-to-pass-energy-reforms/D)
Because of a changed political environment, Mexican lawmakers probably will approve proposals to open
AND
future it will probably be irrelevant to have those reserves," Calderón said.

Plan unpopular—unwanted US intervention in internal affairs drains Nieto’s political capital

Starr 12 (Pamela K. Starr, Director, U.S.-Mexico Network, Associate Professor (NTT), University Fellow, Center on Public Diplomacy at the University of Southern California, "U.S.-Mexico Relations and Mexican Domestic Politics," October 2012, https://www.google.com/url?sa=t26rct=j26q=26esrc=s26source=web26cd=326cad=rja26ved=0CD4QFjAC26url=http 3A2F2Fcollege.usc.edu2Fusmexnet2Fwp-content2Fuploads2F20102F102FCamp-Oxford-paper-final.doc26ei=mTLYUZTDMbOLyQGT14GwCQ26usg=AFQjCNH_cqiYTQRo7SFmpfWugH9ABshhCg26sig2=_M2KmLNnt3e8v4vVshc_fQMRG) 
The nature, depth, and anti-American undertones of Mexican nationalism have operated
AND
has repeatedly found its policy autonomy constrained in situations where Congress has interests. 

PEMEX reform staves off energy sector, Mexican economy collapse

Helman 10/1 – (Christopher, Forbes energy reporter, How Oil Reforms Could Trigger Mexico’s Biggest Economic Boom In A Century," Forbes, 10/1/13, http://www.forbes.com/sites/christopherhelman/2013/10/01/mexicos-oil-reforms-set-to-trigger-biggest-economic-boom-in-100-years/2/D)
Mexico has one of the world’s most notoriously closed-off oil industries. The
AND
Now in office, the PRI is in favor of all these reforms."

Economic decline causes Mexican collapse

Barnes 11 Joe Barnes, the Bonner Means Baker Fellow at the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, written extensively on international economics, with a focus on the geopolitics of energy, April 29, 2011, "The Future of Oil in Mexico", http://bakerinstitute.org/publications/EF-pub-BarnesBilateral-04292011.pdf.
In summary. the slow decline of Mexican oil production, in and of itself
AND
Pemex’s development into something like Norway’s Statol would mark an important improvement.36

Mexican instability spills over and goes nuclear

Rochlin, Okanagan political science professor, 94, (James Rochlin, ""Discovering the Americas: the evolution of Canadian foreign policy towards Latin America," p. 130-131)
While there were economic motivations for Canadian policy in Central America, security considerations were
AND
, such as Contadora, as will be discussed in the next chapter.

Adv 1

No Taiwan escalation

Shor 12 (Francis, Professor of History – Wayne State, "Declining US Hegemony and Rising Chinese Power: A Formula for Conflict?", Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 11(1), pp. 157-167)
While the United States no longer dominates the global economy as it did during the
AND
of the U.S. governing elite’s ideological commitment to national security.

Taiwan-China relations are high

Cole 12 — Taipei-based journalist who focuses on military issues in Northeast Asia and in the Taiwan Strait (J. Michael, 9/3, "Taiwan Hedges its Bets on China," http://thediplomat.com/flashpoints-blog/2012/09/03/taiwan-hedges-its-bets-against-china/)
By a number of yardsticks, relations in the Taiwan Strait today are the best
AND
sea-rescue operations in the waters off Taiwan’s Kinmen and China’s Xiamen.

miscalc won’t escalate

Trefor Moss, The Diplomat, 2/10/13, 7 Reasons China and Japan Won’t Go To War, thediplomat.com/2013/02/10/7-reasons-china-and-japan-wont-go-to-war/?all=true

But if Shinzo Abe is gambling with the region’s security, he is at least
AND
in Kashmir, or along the Thai-Cambodian border – have demonstrated.

China would not voluntarily start a war, they want to maintain prosperity
Zakaria 11 – Doctorate in political science from Harvard, columnists on American foreign policy (Fareed, Book: "The Post American World 2.0", Chapter: The Challenger, Page 117)

China is hungry for success and this might well be a key reason for its
AND
. They are unlikely to cast aside casually three decades of relative prosperity.

No war – China abides by international law and keeps a low profile

Haixia 12 (Qi, Lecturer at Department of International Relations – Tsinghua University, "Football Game Rather Than Boxing Match: China–US Intensifying Rivalry Does not Amount to Cold War," Chinese Journal of International Politics, 5(2), Summer, p. 105-127, http://cjip.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/2/105.full)
Keeping Low Profile China’s strategy of keeping low profile constitutes the political foundation of the
AND
other developing countries, and works to safeguard world peace and stability.’51

Adv 2

1NC Disease

No disease can kill us all – it would have to be everything at once
Gladwell, 95 (Malcolm, The New Republic, 7/17/95 and 7/24/95, "The Plague Year", Lexis)

What would a real Andromeda Strain look like? It would be highly infectious like
AND
, but they neglect to point out the limitations of microscopic life forms.

Multiple alternate causalities to disease
Brower, 03 (Jennifer, science/technology policy analyst, and Peter Chalk, political scientist, Summer 2003, Rand Review, Vol. 27, No. 2, "Vectors Without Borders,"  http://www.rand.org/publications/randreview/issues/summer2003/vectors.html)
This year’s outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Beijing, Hong
AND
increase the likelihood that people will come into contact with potentially fatal diseases.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kinkaid YB | Judge: Alex Pappas

t

Interpretation – "Economic engagement" is limited to trade of goods and services -energy is a non-economic partnership

Rose, 8 — UC Berkeley Haas School of Business Administration ~Andrew, and Mark Spiegel, "Non-Economic Engagement and International Exchange: The Case of Environmental Treaties," April 2008, www.nber.org/papers/w13988.pdf?new_window=1~
Non-Economic Engagement and International Exchange: The Case of Environmental Treaties We examine
AND
relations. The answer, in both theory and practice, is positive.

Violation – the AFF is an energy partnership

Voting issue – 

Limits – opening the floodgates to other types of engagement make the topic massive and unpredictable – this hurts NEG preparation, which is key to competitiveness and clash

Ground – gives them unique advantage areas and guts generics like the politics DA and Neolib K that are key to negative strategy on a topic with few common linkages 

k

The affirmative is controlled by walking dildos and approaches the public sphere with male privilege by assuming a gender - neutral political subject. This renders the female body invisible

Fraser 90 (Nancy Fraser, "Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy", Social Text, No 25/26 (1990), pp. 60-61, Duke University Press, jstor.org/stable/466240  candle)
Now, let me juxtapose to this sketch of Habermas’s account an alternative account that
AND
status distinctions are bracketed and neutralized is not sufficient to make it so.

Violence should be understand as a continuum that affects all women – it has been constructed as the norm in relationships between men and women. It is the expectation that there will be violence. There no longer remains a distinction between abused and non-abused.  Violence against women represents sexual terrorism, a war on women where bodies are the physical territory upon which war is fought. This turns all impacts.

Ray 97 (Amy E. Ray, "The Shame Of It: Gender-Based Terrorism In The Former Yugoslavia And The Failure of International Human Rights Law To Comprehend The Injuries," The American University Law Review. Vol 46. , pp. 835-838, http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=138026context=aulr,  candle)
Transforming the human rights concept from a feminist perspective. . . relates women’s rights
AND
the~ political struggle ~over female subordination~ is women’s bodies."272 

Our Alternative is a castration of the system – separating us from the phallocentric logic of the polis. A method of radical female revolution through a lesbian separatist society refuses male presence.

Only reclaiming the notion of lesbianism beyond mere sexual classification breaks from the norms imposed by male hegemony and exposes the dehumanizing understanding of woman as an object to be fucked by man. To reclaim lesbianism is to reject the demands of the male cultural system and to create and celebrate the bonds of the female world.

Radicalesbians 1970 ~Radicalesbians, 1970, "The Woman Identified Woman," http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/womid  candle~
What is a lesbian? A lesbian is the rage of all women condensed to
AND
women from forming any primary attachments, groups, or associations among ourselves.

Extend their 1NC Campbell evidence from the solvency flow – it says that Feminist activists and scholars have much to contribute to the analysis of phenomena on which reconstructivists work: trade liberalization, nano- technology  and that  Inequality is structured into who does science; what science is supported by government, academia, and industry; for whom scientific knowledge is produced – the K is an alt cause to the aff and means that our alternative is  a key starting point

Lesbian anger comes from a woman’s experiences of violence and oppression by the hands of men. It unleashes a frightening rage capable of changing the world around her. Women will no longer be a walking apology, and lesbian rage demands attention and even without it tears at the walls of male supremacy for new female-driven world-making.

Kaplow 73 (Susi was part of the nucleus of the now expanded women’s liberation group in Paris in 1970, later joining the New York Radical Feminists and organizing four consciousnes-raising groups in addition to being on the organizing committee for the Speak-out on Rape in NYC in 1971, "Getting Angry", published in Radical Feminism, 1973, Quadrangle, www.feminist-reprise.org/docs/kaplow.htm  candle)
Two scenarios: An angry man: someone has infringed on his rights, gone
AND
personal to the political and becomes a force for shaping our new destiny.

da

Farm bill will pass – EPA decision gives it momentum

Wasson 11-19 – Staff writer at The Hill (Erik, "EPA ethanol decision pushes farm bill toward finish line", November 19 of 2013, http://thehill.com/blogs/on-the-money/agriculture/190777-epa-ethanol-decision-pushes-farm-bill-toward-finish-line)
The Environmental Protection Agency’s preliminary decision to reduce renewable fuels blending requirements has increased momentum
AND
the first time the agency has lowered the target from the prior year.

Plan trades off

Susan Page 13, USA Today, "How Obama can avoid the second-term curse," 1-15-13, http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/01/14/obama-second-term-curse/1834765/
"By the time a second term rolls around, the illusions about a president
AND
, but not everything. Fighting too many battles could mean winning none.

New farm bill key to prevent a food price spike

Nelson 10/17/13 ~Joe Nelson, writer for WEAU news, "Obama, ag industry waiting for new Farm bill," http://www.weau.com/home/headlines/Obama-ag-industry-waiting-for-new-Farm-Bill-228259521.html~~
With the government shutdown over, farmers are still waiting for a deal to be
AND
could cut down profits or even force some farmers to quit or retire.

Extinction

Brown 9 (Lester R, Founder of the Worldwatch Institute and the Earth Policy Institute "Can Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization?" Scientific American, May, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=civilization-food-shortages)
The biggest threat to global stability is the potential for food crises in poor countries
AND
states disintegrate, their fall will threaten the stability of global civilization itself.

case

Poverty down now

Chen and Ravillion, 07- *Senior Statistician in Development Economics Research Group at the World Bank, Director of World Bank’s Development Research Group (Shaohua and Martin, "The Changing Profile of Poverty in the World", October 2007, http://www.ifpri.org/2020Chinaconference/pdf/beijingbrief_ravallion2.pdf)
In absolute terms, the number of people in the developing world living on less
AND
, in the aggregate, the world is on track to achieve MDG1.

We control uniqueness –well-being increasing

Goklany, 04 Property and Environment Research Center, Julian Simon Fellow, Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, Former Chief of Technical Assessment Division at National Commission on Air Quality (Indur, "It’s Getting Better", Ed. Terry Anderson, http://members.cox.net/igoklany/Economic20Growth20Tech20Change20and20Human20Well-being202004.pdf, KONTOPOULOS)
With this Neo-Malthusian vision of the future, the Global 2000 Report to
AND
had life expectancies of approximately 69 and 62 years (World Bank 1999).

No disease can kill us all – it would have to be everything at once

Gladwell, 95 (Malcolm, The New Republic, 7/17/95 and 7/24/95, "The Plague Year", Lexis)

What would a real Andromeda Strain look like? It would be highly infectious like
AND
, but they neglect to point out the limitations of microscopic life forms.

Multiple alternate causalities to disease

Brower, 03 (Jennifer, science/technology policy analyst, and Peter Chalk, political scientist, Summer 2003, Rand Review, Vol. 27, No. 2, "Vectors Without Borders,"  http://www.rand.org/publications/randreview/issues/summer2003/vectors.html)
This year’s outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Beijing, Hong
AND
increase the likelihood that people will come into contact with potentially fatal diseases.

Utilitarianism is superior

Isaac 2 Jeffrey C. Isaac, Professor of Political Science and director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life at Indiana University, Spring 2002, Dissent, Ends, means, and politics

Power is not a dirty word or an unfortunate feature of the world. It
AND
not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness.

Impact assessment

Rejecting strategic predictions of threats makes them inevitable—decision makers will rely on preconceived conceptions of threat rather than the more qualified predictions of analysts

Fitzsimmons, 2007 ~Michael, Washington DC defense analyst, "The Problem of Uncertainty in Strategic Planning", Survival, Winter 06-07, online~

But handling even this weaker form of uncertainty is still quite challeng- ing.
AND
, such decisions may be poorly understood by the decision-makers themselves. 

Even if they’re flawed- predictions are necessary

Cowen, 2004 – Professor of Economics at George Mason (Tyler, "The Epistemic Problem does not Refute Consequentialism, accessed through Cambridge Journals Online)BZ

If we know for sure which remedy works, obviously we should apply that remedy
AND
uncertainty should not stop us from pursuing large upfront benefits of obvious importance.

we don’t need to win try or die for our impacts—our impacts don’t link to serial policy failure—they need to win that our impacts are not probable, not just that we should ignore it

Tournament: Ohio Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Northview CM | Judge: Tucker Boyce

1

Interpretation - "Engagement" requires the provision of positive incentives

Haass 00 – Richard Haass 26 Meghan O’Sullivan, Brookings Institution Foreign Policy Studies Program, Honey and Vinegar: Incentives, Sanctions, and Foreign Policy, p. 1-2
The term engagement was popularized amid the controversial policy of constructive engagement pursued by the
AND
shape the behavior of countries with which the United States has important disagreements.

That means the plan must be a quid-pro-quo

De LaHunt 6 - Assistant Director for Environmental Health 26 Safety Services in Colorado College’s Facilities Services department (John, "Perverse and unintended" Journal of Chemical Health and Safety, July-August, Science direct)
Incentives work on a quid pro quo basis – this for that. If you
AND
run, for at least two reasons – unintended consequences and perverse incentives.

Violation – the plan isn’t

Voting issue:

Limits —- it functionally narrows the topic because few cases can defend conditioning —- the alternative is hundreds of single import or export cases that explode the Neg’s research burden

Ground —- QPQ locks in core generics like soft power and foreign politics DAs, counterplans to add or remove a condition, and critiques of diplomacy

2

New affs are bad /3

3

The affirmative is controlled by walking dildos and approaches the public sphere with male privilege by assuming a gender - neutral political subject. This renders the female body invisible

Fraser 90 (Nancy Fraser, "Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy", Social Text, No 25/26 (1990), pp. 60-61, Duke University Press, jstor.org/stable/466240  candle)
Now, let me juxtapose to this sketch of Habermas’s account an alternative account that
AND
status distinctions are bracketed and neutralized is not sufficient to make it so.

Violence should be understand as a continuum that affects all women – it has been constructed as the norm in relationships between men and women. It is the expectation that there will be violence. There no longer remains a distinction between abused and non-abused.  Violence against women represents sexual terrorism, a war on women where bodies are the physical territory upon which war is fought. This turns all impacts.

Ray 97 (Amy E. Ray, "The Shame Of It: Gender-Based Terrorism In The Former Yugoslavia And The Failure of International Human Rights Law To Comprehend The Injuries," The American University Law Review. Vol 46. , pp. 835-838, http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=138026context=aulr,  candle)
Transforming the human rights concept from a feminist perspective. . . relates women’s rights
AND
the~ political struggle ~over female subordination~ is women’s bodies."272 

Our Alternative is a castration of the system – separating us from the phallocentric logic of the polis. A method of radical female revolution through a lesbian separatist society refuses male presence.

Only reclaiming the notion of lesbianism beyond mere sexual classification breaks from the norms imposed by male hegemony and exposes the dehumanizing understanding of woman as an object to be fucked by man. To reclaim lesbianism is to reject the demands of the male cultural system and to create and celebrate the bonds of the female world.

Radicalesbians 1970 ~Radicalesbians, 1970, "The Woman Identified Woman," http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/womid  candle~
What is a lesbian? A lesbian is the rage of all women condensed to
AND
women from forming any primary attachments, groups, or associations among ourselves.

Lesbian anger comes from a woman’s experiences of violence and oppression by the hands of men. It unleashes a frightening rage capable of changing the world around her. Women will no longer be a walking apology, and lesbian rage demands attention and even without it tears at the walls of male supremacy for new female-driven world-making.

Kaplow 73 (Susi was part of the nucleus of the now expanded women’s liberation group in Paris in 1970, later joining the New York Radical Feminists and organizing four consciousnes-raising groups in addition to being on the organizing committee for the Speak-out on Rape in NYC in 1971, "Getting Angry", published in Radical Feminism, 1973, Quadrangle, www.feminist-reprise.org/docs/kaplow.htm  candle)
Two scenarios: An angry man: someone has infringed on his rights, gone
AND
personal to the political and becomes a force for shaping our new destiny.

4

The United States federal government should gradually normalize trade relations with the Republic of Cuba.

Removing the embargo gradually solves – immediate removal causes instability

Zimmerman 10 – CHELSEA A. ZIMMERMAN, Georgetown Law, ’10, "Rethinking The Cuban Trade Embargo: An Opportune Time To Mend a Broken Policy," http://www.thepresidency.org/storage/documents/Fellows2010/Zimmerman.pdf, ACC. 6-13-2013)
Elimination of the trade embargo immediately is not a feasible solution, as such a
AND
pork and fish would result (U.S. International Trade Commission).

Impact to that was in the 1ac

5

1NC

Lifting the embargo destroys Cuban ag

Gonzalez 3 –  Assistant Professor at Seattle University School of Law (Carmen, "SEASONS OF RESISTANCE: SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY IN CUBA", Summer of 2003, book p. 729-33)
Notwithstanding these problems, the greatest challenge to the agricultural development strategy adopted by the
AND
to the retention of an agricultural development model borne of crisis and isolation. 

Cuban ag is an international model – solves environmental degradation and food scarcity

Peters 10 – LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, "Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution" J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION ~Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)
While urban agriculture was a response to a dramatic crisis in ¶ Cuba’s history,
AND
new economy for many Cubans without negatively ¶ impacting the environment or society.

Environmental collapse risks extinction

Ehrlich 26 Ehrlich 13 – Professor of Biology 26 Senior Research Scientist in Biology @ Stanford University (Paul R. Ehrlich (President of the Center for Conservation Biology @ Stanford University) 26 Anne H. Ehrlich, "Can a collapse of global civilization be avoided?," Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences, Proc. R. Soc. B 2013 280, published online 9 January 2013)HA
¶ Virtually every past civilization has eventually undergone collapse, a loss of socio-
AND
of the vast majority of people would disappear. pg. 1-2

Advantage 1

1NC Economy

1. No impact because other actors check, the economy won’t decline enough, past recessions prove we’ll recover, and world war two wasn’t caused by the depression

2. Economic collapse doesn’t cause war
Ferguson, 06 – M.A., Laurence A. Tisch Professor of History at Harvard University, Resident faculty member of the Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies, Senior Research Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford University, and a Senior Fellow of the Hoover Institution, Stanford University (Niall, "The Next War of the World", Foreign Affairs, September-October 2006, May 21^st 2010, KONTOPOULOS)
Nor can economic crises explain the bloodshed. What may be the most familiar causal
AND
economic catastrophe, and some severe economic crises were not followed by wars.

3. US not key to world economy – the housing crisis ended American financial hegemony
Espinoza, 08 (Javier, Forbes.com. "Steinbrueck: U.S. Losing Its Financial Superpowers"  http://www.forbes.com/facesinthenews/2008/09/26/steinbrueck-german-minister-face-markets-cx_je_0925autofacescan01.html)
In the light of the financial turmoil on Wall Street, the United States will
AND
, the federal reserve is lacking capacity to resolve any kind of problem."

4. Economic recovery won’t happen for decades – we are in a post-bubble recession which eliminates any possibility of growth
Gosselin, 09 – National Economics Correspondent for the Los Angeles Times (Peter G., "U.S. economy may sputter for years," Los Angeles Times, January 19th 2009, May 21st 2010, http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jan/19/business/fi-econ19?pg=1, KONTOPOULOS)
Reporting from Washington — Transfixed by the daily spectacle of dismal economic news and wild
AND
be a long time before the world experiences anything more than anemic recovery."

5. The world economy is more resilient than ever – one issue can’t cause economic collapse
Behravesh, 06 (Nariman Chief economist and executive vice prez @ global insight, 2006, "the great shock absorber; Good macroeconomic policies and improved microeconomic flexibility have strengthened the global economy’s ’immune system.’", Newsweek, p. lexis)
The U.S. and global economies were able to withstand three body blows
AND
London bombings would probably have an even smaller impact on overall GDP growth.

6. The US economy is resilient – financial crisis proves
Bowman, 08 (Michael, VOA news. "Bush Economic Advisor: US Economy Remains Resilient" http://voanews.com/english/2008-10-19-voa24.cfm)
President Bush’s top economic advisor says the United States is showing remarkable resiliency during a
AND
first step in what he hopes will be loosening credit in the country.

7. Economy shortfalls are natural part of the business cycle, it’ll bounce back
Cooley, 11/25/09- Ph.D. in Economics, Professor of Economics and Dean of New York University’s Stern School of Business (Thomas, Financial booms and busts ’are inevitable’; Academic expects the next economic crisis to follow the same path as the one the world is experiencing now and it will involve a similar breakdown in confidence", South China Morning Post, November 25th 2009, December 1st 2009, Lexis Nexis, KONTOPOULOS)
Another financial crisis is inevitable because booms and busts are simply part of the business
AND
, but what they don’t do is occur with predictability," he said.

Bioterror 1NC

No motivation, no access and vaccines check the impact

Clark ’8 – Emeritus Professor in Immunology at UCLA
William R. Clark, emeritus professor in Immunology at UCLA. Bracing for Armageddon?: The Science and Politics of Bioterrorism in America, 2008, pg. 183
In the end, what may well stop groups like Al-Qaeda from using
AND
for Al-Qaeda and its ilk may be a non-starter. 

No extinction impact.

Britt ’1
Robert Roy Britt, Senior Space Writer/Space.com. "Survival of the Elitist: Bioterrorism May Spur Space Colonies". October 30 2001. http://www.space4peace.org/articles/moving.htm

Many scientists argue that there is no need to worry about the mortality of civilization right now. Eric Croddy is an expert on chemical and biological weapons at the Monterey Institute of International Studies. Croddy said the threat of a virus wiping out the entire human species is simply not real. Even the most horrific virus outbreak in history, the 1918 Spanish Flu epidemic that killed between 20 million and 40 million people, including hundreds of thousands in the United States, eventually stopped. Experts say new strains of the influenza virus emerge every few decades and catch the human immune system unprepared, but prevention measures and ever-evolving medical treatments overcome the outbreaks. "I’d be much more concerned about an asteroid hitting the planet," Croddy said.

No impact to bioterror – empirically denied and doesn’t support political goals

Smith and Davison ’10 
Geoffrey L. Smith is Wellcome Principal Research Fellow and head of the Department of Virology at Imperial College London and the chair of the Advisory Committee on the Scientific Aspects of International Security at the Royal Society. Neil Davison is senior policy adviser in the Science Policy Centre at the Royal Society. Assessing the spectrum of biological risks. January/February 2010. Bulletin of Atomic Scientists.
Non-state groups with particular political aims may not find the use of biological
AND
attacks in the United States that infected 17 people and killed five.20 

Terrorists aren’t capable of developing usable bioweapons

Clark ’8 – Emeritus Professor in Immunology at UCLA
William R. Clark, Bracing for Armageddon?: The Science and Politics of Bioterrorism in America, 2008, pg. 170-1)
Those who think deeply about America’s response to bioterror-ism should be very clear
AND
So is development of a mass-scale delivery system for most pathogens. 

Advantage 2

1NC Warming

1. Icebergs are a negative feedback – none of their evidence takes this into account
   Macfarlane, 09 (Jo, The Daily Mail Online. "Amazing discovery of green algae which could save the world from global warming" http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1104772/Amazing-discovery-green-algae-save-world-global-warming.html?ITO=1490~~23)
   Melting icebergs, so long the iconic image of global warming, are triggering a
   AND
   calculates that a further 26million tons of CO2 is removed from the atmosphere.

2. CO2 is not anthropogenic – their evidence is based on a misinterpretation
Marohasy, 09 (Jennifer, senior fellow at the Australian think tank the Institute of Public Affairs, PhD in biology from the University of Queensland. Cites research from  Robert H. Essenhigh,  Department of Mechanical Engineering at Ohio State University, "Carbon Dioxide in Atmosphere 5-15 Years Only" 4-17-09.  http://jennifermarohasy.com/blog/2009/04/carbon-dioxide-in-atmosphere-5-15-years-only/)
If carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels only stayed in the atmosphere a few years
AND
-accepted, rider that CO2 emissions from combustion should therefore be curbed.  
However, the actual data in the text of the IPCC Report separately states a
AND
The economic and political significance of that conclusion will be self-evident.

3. Growing emissions in developing countries make CO2 reduction impossible – modeling is irrelevant
Koetzle, 08 – Ph.D. and Senior Vice President of Public Policy at the Institute for Energy Research (William, "IER Rebuttal to Boucher White Paper", 4/13/2008, http://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/2008/04/13/ier-rebuttal-to-boucher-white-paper/)
For example, if the United States were to unilaterally reduced emissions by 30
AND
these reductions are to a large extent mirrored by all significant emitting nations.

4. Observational data proves warming has stopped – the multi-decadal oscillation overwhelms CO2 forcing
Akasofu, 08 – Former director of the Geophysical Institute and the International Arctic Research Center @ U of Alaska-Fairbanks (Syun-Ichi, "Global warming has paused", 9/27/2008, http://newsminer.com/news/2008/sep/27/global-warming-has-paused/?opinion)
Recent studies by the Hadley Climate Research Center (UK), the Japan Meteorological Agency
AND
the CO2 effect, as I have stated during the last several years.

Tournament: Ohio Valley | Round: 3 | Opponent: MBA BR | Judge: Brad Meloche

1

Interpretation - "Engagement" requires the provision of positive incentives

Haass 00 – Richard Haass 26 Meghan O’Sullivan, Brookings Institution Foreign Policy Studies Program, Honey and Vinegar: Incentives, Sanctions, and Foreign Policy, p. 1-2
The term engagement was popularized amid the controversial policy of constructive engagement pursued by the
AND
shape the behavior of countries with which the United States has important disagreements.

That means the plan must be a quid-pro-quo

De LaHunt 6 - Assistant Director for Environmental Health 26 Safety Services in Colorado College’s Facilities Services department (John, "Perverse and unintended" Journal of Chemical Health and Safety, July-August, Science direct)
Incentives work on a quid pro quo basis – this for that. If you
AND
run, for at least two reasons – unintended consequences and perverse incentives.

Violation – the plan isn’t

Voting issue:

Limits —- it functionally narrows the topic because few cases can defend conditioning —- the alternative is hundreds of single import or export cases that explode the Neg’s research burden

Ground —- QPQ locks in core generics like soft power and foreign politics DAs, counterplans to add or remove a condition, and critiques of diplomacy

2

Text: The United States federal government should provide solar, falling water, geothermal, biomass, wave, ocean current, ocean temperature, and tide energy assistance to Mexico through the Border Environmental Cooperation Commission.

Observation 1: Competition – The CP competes through mutual exclusivity and net-benefits. It is plan minus because it excludes wind power.

The term "renewable" in the plan includes wind. The Organization of the America States division on sustainable energy defines it as such for policymakers.

Lambrides, et al., 99 (Mark, Division Chief for Energy and Climate Change in the Department of Sustainable Development at the Organization of American States, "The Renewable Energy Policy Manual,"
http://www.oas.org/dsd/publications/Unit/oea79e/ch05.htm
The term "renewable" is generally applied to those energy resources and technologies whose common characteristic is that they are non-depletable or naturally replenishable.
Renewable resources include solar energy, wind, falling water, the heat of the
AND
also based on renewable resources, but outside the scope of this Manual.

The CP solves – 1AC solvency advocate concedes that desert solar alone solves Mexican energy demand.

Carus 13 - UK journalist, regularly reporting on clean energy policy and finance from California for a global audience
(Felicity, and~2334;Mexico offers tantalising prospect of a dawning major market,and~2334; http://www.pv-tech.org/editors_blog/mexico_offers_tantalising_prospect_of_a_dawning_major_market)
Solar investors in the US
AND
Mexico’s electricity demand.

Observation 2: The Net-Benefit – Wind farms violate indigenous peoples, pollute their land, destroying small farms and native cultures – straight turns the case.

Godoy, 13 (Emilio, Mexico-based correspondent for Inter Press Service covering the environment, human rights, and sustainable development, "Rural Mexican Communities Protest Wind Farms," June 18, http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/06/rural-mexican-communities-protest-wind-farms/)
"We can’t sow our fields, which they have rented for next to nothing
AND
year-old Zapotec Indian who grows maize and sorghum, told IPS.

3

The affirmative is controlled by walking dildos and approaches the public sphere with male privilege by assuming a gender - neutral political subject. This renders the female body invisible

Fraser 90 (Nancy Fraser, "Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy", Social Text, No 25/26 (1990), pp. 60-61, Duke University Press, jstor.org/stable/466240  candle)
Now, let me juxtapose to this sketch of Habermas’s account an alternative account that
AND
status distinctions are bracketed and neutralized is not sufficient to make it so.

Violence should be understand as a continuum that affects all women – it has been constructed as the norm in relationships between men and women. It is the expectation that there will be violence. There no longer remains a distinction between abused and non-abused.  Violence against women represents sexual terrorism, a war on women where bodies are the physical territory upon which war is fought. This turns all impacts.

Ray 97 (Amy E. Ray, "The Shame Of It: Gender-Based Terrorism In The Former Yugoslavia And The Failure of International Human Rights Law To Comprehend The Injuries," The American University Law Review. Vol 46. , pp. 835-838, http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=138026context=aulr,  candle)
Transforming the human rights concept from a feminist perspective. . . relates women’s rights
AND
the~ political struggle ~over female subordination~ is women’s bodies."272 

And, there’s a link to their scholarship – the 1ac was dominated by masculine knowledge – they even admitted in cross-ex that female scholarship exists for their aff but they chose to read male authors instead

Our Alternative is a castration of the system – separating us from the phallocentric logic of the polis. A method of radical female revolution through a lesbian separatist society refuses male presence.

Only reclaiming the notion of lesbianism beyond mere sexual classification breaks from the norms imposed by male hegemony and exposes the dehumanizing understanding of woman as an object to be fucked by man. To reclaim lesbianism is to reject the demands of the male cultural system and to create and celebrate the bonds of the female world.

Radicalesbians 1970 ~Radicalesbians, 1970, "The Woman Identified Woman," http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/womid  candle~
What is a lesbian? A lesbian is the rage of all women condensed to
AND
women from forming any primary attachments, groups, or associations among ourselves.

Lesbian anger comes from a woman’s experiences of violence and oppression by the hands of men. It unleashes a frightening rage capable of changing the world around her. Women will no longer be a walking apology, and lesbian rage demands attention and even without it tears at the walls of male supremacy for new female-driven world-making.

Kaplow 73 (Susi was part of the nucleus of the now expanded women’s liberation group in Paris in 1970, later joining the New York Radical Feminists and organizing four consciousnes-raising groups in addition to being on the organizing committee for the Speak-out on Rape in NYC in 1971, "Getting Angry", published in Radical Feminism, 1973, Quadrangle, www.feminist-reprise.org/docs/kaplow.htm  candle)
Two scenarios: An angry man: someone has infringed on his rights, gone
AND
personal to the political and becomes a force for shaping our new destiny.

4

Their aff is the status quo – relations are high and renewable assistance is increasing rapidly – voting neg solves the aff

Jacobson 6/18 – Assistant Secretary Of State For Western Hemisphere Affairs (Roberta S, "State’s Jacobson at Senate Hearing on U.S.-Mexico Partnership," 6/18/13, U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Before Foreign Relations Committee Western Hemisphere Subcommittee, http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/texttrans/2013/06/20130618276661.html~~23axzz2XAL8c3nZ)//SJF
When President Obama met with President Peña Nieto in Mexico on May 2, the
AND
to engage with Central American partners in facilitating a robust regional electricity market.

This is happening now in recent meetings – it’s high level climate cooperation and promotes the exchange of information and expertise for renewable energy.  The aff is indistinguishable from current trends

Targeted News Service, 7/26/13 ("Fourth Mexico - United States Meeting on Clean Energy and Climate Change", lexis)

The Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued the following news release:
AND
 experiences to facilitate the joint efforts to develop low-carbon economies based on clean energy.

These programs include the BECC and NADBank – which are currently addressing regulatory bottlenecks for renewables – our evidence reflects new trends from recent policy change

Wilson and Lee, 13 – *Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars AND Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies (NACTS) at Arizona State University(Christopher and Erik, "The State of the Border Report", May, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/mexico_state_of_border.pdf

The U.S.-Mexico border region has traditionally been seen as energy-
AND
but the highly centralized nature of regulation in Mexico leaves few incentives for private developers. 

Substantially means genuine

Words and Phrases 64 (40 W26P 759) (this edition of W26P is out of print;  the page number no longer matches up to the current edition and I was unable to find the card in the new edition.  However, this card is also available on google books, Judicial and statutory definitions of words and phrases, Volume 8, p. 7329)

The words "outward, open, actual, visible, substantial, and exclusive
AND
Bass v. Pease, 79 Ill. App. 308, 318.

Voting issue – their aff is at best a tiny adjustment in policy with solvency evidence that advocates continuing status quo trends.  Vote against them to protect negative ground – even if they can point to a slight difference in their solvency, it’s impossible to quantify and no meaningful literature base exists – it makes finding unique disads impossible

Mexiconomy

Rapid Mexican econ growth now—- export markets prove

Selko, 2012  Senior Editor, IndustryWeek, covering expansion management/strategic siting, ~Adrienne, Tonya Vinas, "Nearshoring Fuels Mexican Manufacturing Growth", Mar. 10, 2012 http://www.industryweek.com/global-economy/nearshoring-fuels-mexican-manufacturing-growth 7/16/13~
While Mexico is still heavily dependent on the United States for its exports, the
AND
S.-based executive vice president with the international commercial banking firm HSBC."

Mexican economy is booming now and PEMEX discoveries solve oil shocks in the squo

Vardi 12 – Forbes contributor, Wall Street analyst, focus on intersection of business and law (Nathan, "The Mexican Miracle: Despite Drug War, Economy is Booming", 10/15/12; http://www.forbes.com/sites/nathanvardi/2012/10/15/the-mexican-mircale/)//Beddow
When Vikram Pandit, the chief executive of Citigroup, was asked on Monday to
AND
. "We are in the middle of the rebirth," he said.

U.S. manufacturing inevitable despite challenges – no other country has the structural institutions to sustain leadership – empirics prove

Acemoglu et. al 12 (Daron Acemoglu, economist, Professor of Economics at MIT, James A. Robinson, Professor of Government at Harvard University, "World’s next technology leader will be U.S, not China – if America can shape up," http://www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/Global-Viewpoint/2012/0419/World-s-next-technology-leader-will-be-US-not-China-if-America-can-shape-up, April 19, 2012)
The odds favor the US not only because it is technologically more advanced and innovative
AND
could not generate innovation. The Soviet economy stagnated and then totally collapsed.

US manufacturing leadership high now – trends prove

Hummel et al 12 – Hummel - Ph.D in Mathematics, Chief Scientist at Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, former project manager at DARPA. Cheetham – Research Associate for Academic Centers and Programs at the Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, research and analytical support to policy development projects for DOD (Robert Hummel, Patrick Cheetham, Justin Rossi, "US Science and Technology Leadership, and Technology Grand Challenges," Synesis, 2012, http://www.synesisjournal.com/vol3_g/Hummel_2012_G14-39.pdf)//RH
The US enjoys a science and technology (S26T) enterprise that is
AND
quality. We conclude that the enterprise maintains a leadership position for now.

No Taiwan war escalation —- no military intervention.

Fischer 11/27 — clean energy entrepreneur and is the founder and CEO of Lumicity Ltd (Tristan, 2012, " Why China could invade Taiwan – and get away with it," http://www.historyfuturenow.com/wp/why-china-could-invade-taiwan-and-get-away-with-it/)

The People’s Republic of China has been very patient with Taiwan. It knows that
AND
market access making the business classes increasingly open to reunification with mainland China.

Demand for drugs is inevitably going to be high and global
Carpenter, 9 vice president for defense and foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute, is the author of eight books, including Bad Neighbor Policy: Washington’s Futile War on Drugs in Latin America (Ted Galen, "Troubled Neighbor: Mexico’s Drug Violence Poses a Threat to the United States" February 2, 2009 Cato Institute, http://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/troubled-neighbor-mexicos-drug-violence-poses-threat-united-states)  czhang
Drug warriors in both Mexico and the¶ United States repeatedly rationalize unpleasant revelations regarding
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on a global basis is¶ robust and is likely to remain so.¶ 

Renewables

Relations increasing now – security is the key internal link.

Schaefer, 13 ~Agnes Bereben is a senior political scientist at the nonprofit, nonpartisan RAND Corp., based in Santa Monica, Calif, If U.S.-Mexico Get Security Right, Other Good Policy Will Follow
http://www.rand.org/blog/2013/05/if-us-mexico-get-security-right-other-good-policy.html~~
During their joint news conference, Obama and Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto touted their
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, they may find themselves with far more opportunities for broader cooperation tomorrow. 

US – Mexico Cooperation now – TPP negotiations and security policies

Hakim et. al. 2/1/13 – (Peter Hakim, member of the Advisor board and president emeritus of the Inter-American Dialogue Andrés Rozental, member of the Advisor board, president of Rozental 26 Asociados in Mexico City and senior fellow at the Brookings Institution and Laura Carlsen, director of the Americas program at the Center for International Policy, Latin America Advisor, February 1, 2013 "Have Prospects for U.S.-Mexican Relations Improved?" http://www.thedialogue.org/page.cfm?pageID=3226pubID=3222) DF
Q: Eduardo Medina-Mora formally presented his credentials to U.S.
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It is now up to the two presidents to take advantage of it." 

Turn - Plan causes unemployment

GNEB 11 – Good Neighbor Environmental Board, The Good Neighbor Environmental Board was created
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S. Environmental Protection Agency by Executive Order 12916 on May 13, 1994
("The Potential Environmental and Economic Benefits of Renewable Energy Development in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region," http://www.epa.gov/ofacmo/gneb/gneb14threport/English-GNEB-14th-Report.pdf)//BB
Some wind and geothermal developments in Mexico already are serving the California markets. The
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¶ displacement and the loss of economic development opportunities in the United States.

High unemployment rates hinder economic growth

Castells- Quintana and Royula 12 (David Castells-Quintana BA in Economics from the Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona and Vicente Royuela economic researcher at  Universitat de Barcelona,"Unemployment and long-run economic growth:The role of income inequality and urbanisation", June 27th 2012, http://www.aecr.org/images/ImatgesArticles/2012/12/7_David_Castells_Quintana,_Vicente_Royuela.pdf, p. 155-156)
Unemployment may be associated with structural change and subsequent economic growth. Here, we
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Mares and Sirovátka, 2005), thus harming ¶ long-run growth.

No internal to terrorism – nuclear terrorists are smart enough to figure out how to get into the US, and they’d prefer the Canadian to the Mexican border.

Tierney 06 - John Tierney writes a column, Findings, for the Science Times section, ("Throwing Hawks a Bone", may 16, 2006, NY Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/16/opinion/16tierney.html)//sawyer
But if terrorists are smart enough to plan such an attack, they’re smart enough
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planes who would have no trouble delivering a terrorist or a suitcase bomb.

Ayson flips neg- terrorism is not an existential risk
Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington (Robert, "After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects," Studies in Conflict 26 Terrorism, 33.7, Francis 26 Taylor)VP
A terrorist nuclear attack, and even the use of nuclear weapons in response by
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a truly awful nuclear exchange taking place precipitated entirely by state possessors themselves.

Clean tech can’t compete with fossil fuels – still too expensive

Rotman 11 (David Rotman, editor for Technology Review, Praying for an Energy Miracle, Technology Review, 4, http://www.technologyreview.com/energy/32383/)
In its conference room is a large chart showing the declining cost of electricity produced
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gas plants can produce power for around 6 cents per kilowatt-­hour.

Clean tech collapse coming—reduced governmental subsidization, can’t compete with fossil fuels, investment decreasing now

Victor and Yanosek 11 (DAVID G. VICTOR is a Professor at the School of International Relations and Pacific Studies at the University of California, San Diego, and Director of the school’s Laboratory on International Law and Regulation, KASSIA YANOSEK, Founding Principal of Tana Energy Capital LLC, has worked in private equity and at Bechtel and BP. "The Crisis in Clean Energy", Foreign Affairs, July/August 2011, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67903/david-g-victor-and-kassia-yanosek/the-crisis-in-clean-energy)
After years of staggering growth, the clean-energy industry is headed for a
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government subsidies. Only a tiny share of the investment focuses on innovation.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 3 | Opponent: Centennial KK | Judge: Noodle

1

The 1AC’s silence is a loaded presence – their forgetting of the non-human world and the individualistic formation of agency ensure the replication of prevailing anthropocentric power relations
Bell and Russell 2K
(Anne C. by graduate students in the Faculty of Environmental Studies, York Universi- ty and Constance L. a graduate student at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Educa- tion, University of Toronto, Beyond Human, Beyond Words: Anthropocentrism, Critical Pedagogy, and the Poststructuralist Turn, http://www.csse-scee.ca/CJE/Articles/FullText/CJE25-3/CJE25-3-bell.pdf ~10/24/11~)
For this reason, the various movements against oppression need to be aware of and
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Russell, Bell, 26 Fawcett, 2000), anthropocentrism passes unchallenged.1

Alternative Text: Adopt an animal standpoint epistemology.

The perpetuation of anthropocentric relations makes the daily torture of the non-human natural while solidifying a formation of subjectivity that makes colonialism and genocide inevitable
Kochi and Ordan 2k8
(Tarik @ Queen’s University and Bar-llan Univ, An Argument for the Global Suicide of Humanity 7.3 http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol7no3_2008/kochiordan_argument.pdf ~10/24/11~)
Within the picture many paint of humanity, events such as the Holocaust are considered
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"an eternal Treblinka" (Singer, 1968, p.750).

Adopting an animal standpoint epistemology solves their impacts—it’s also mutually exclusive with the AFF
Best, 10 – Associate Professor of Humanities and Philosophy at the University of Texas at El Paso (Steven, 12/31/10, "Total Liberation: Revolution for the 21^st Century", http://drstevebest.wordpress.com/2010/12/31/total-liberation-revolution-for-the-21st-century-4/, KONTOPOULOS)
But while people have written history from the theological perspective, the humanist perspective,
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exploitation of nature have deep roots in the human domination over nonhuman animals.

Tournament: Contact Information | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
kendallwitaszek@gmail.com

Tournament: Blake | Round: 1 | Opponent: McDonough RE | Judge: Evan Jones
====Simulating images of death and violence anesthetizes us to real death and produces a culture of structural violence that makes infinite destruction appear desirable- vote neg to embrace a pedagogy of debate outside of violent spectacles.====
Giroux ’12
Henry A Giroux, Frequent author on pedagogy in the public sphere, Truthout, "Youth in Revolt: The Plague of State-Sponsored Violence," March 14, 2012, http://truth-out.org/index.php?option=com_k226view=item26id=7249:youth-in-revolt-the-plague-of-statesponsored-violence
One consequence is that "the sheer numbers and monotony of images may have a
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sports, entertainment, news media, and other outlets for seeking pleasure.