Tournament: Wake Early Bird | Round: 1 | Opponent: Pine Crest MM | Judge: Maria Liu
*Chinese influence increasing in Latin America*
Darlington, 12 (Shasta, international correspondent for CNN based in Brazil, “China-Latam economic ties tightening,” “Latam” is not my typo, that’s totes on CNN, November 19, 2012, Online, http://edition.cnn.com/2012/11/18/business/china-latam-ties, accessed 7/17/13)
The rise of China in Latin America, long considered the United Statesand#39; and#34;backyard
AND
.5 billion in 2010 from $7.3 billion in 2009.

*Increased US engagement challenges China in Latin America.*
Dumbaugh et al 5. Kerry, specialist in Asian Affairs, Mark Sullivan, Specialist in Latin American affairs, and#34;Chinaand#39;s growing interest in Latin Americaand#34; CRS Report for Congress -- April 20 -- www.au.af.mil/AU/AWC/AWCGATE/crs/rs22119.pdf

Some observers believe increased Chinese interest and economic linkages with Latin¶ America constitute a
AND
cooperative security relationships” — in order to deflect the China challenge.16

*Chinese influence key to secure Latin American resources – key to growth.*
Lettieri 5. Michael, research associate, and#34;Bush goes to Beijing, China goes to Latin Americaand#34; Council on Hemispheric Affairs -- November 14 -- www.coha.org/bush-goes-to-beijing-china-goes-to-latin-america/

Latin America’s Strategic Importance to China¶ As China’s economy has boomed, racking up
AND
to find an outside foreign partner capable of counterbalancing the U.S.

*Chinese growth prevents global economic collapse, war over Taiwan and CCP collapse*
Lewis 8. Dan, Research Director – Economic Research Council, “The Nightmare of a Chinese Economic Collapse,” World Finance, 5/13, http://www.worldfinance.com/news/home/finalbell/article117.html

In 2001, Gordon Chang authored a global bestseller and#34;The Coming Collapse of China
AND
by going to war with Taiwan – whom America is pledged to defend.

*CCP collapse sparks nuclear lashout.*
Rexing 5. (San – Epoch Times International – August 3rd -- http://www.theepochtimes.com/news/5-8-3/30931.html)

Since the Party’s life is “above all else,” it would not be surprising
AND
now plans to hold one billion people hostage and gamble with their lives.

Tournament: Wake Early Bird | Round: 4 | Opponent: Thomas Jefferson KK | Judge: Ben Schultz
The affirmative takes the position of the Maoist—their veneration of the oppressed constructs an ideal subaltern with whom they can engage in parasitic solidarity—this is virulent form of colonialism which turns the academy into a site for the consumption of Otherness for personal gain.
Chow 93
Rey Chow, Comparative Literature—Brown University, 1993
Writing Diaspora, p. 10-13
The Orientalist has a special sibling whom I will, in order to highlight her
AND
longer distinguishable from those of us who have had our consciousnesses and#34;raised.and#34;

Their attempt to raise the question of who is able to speak on the part of the oppressed only reduces the oppressed to tools in the quest for rhetorical victory—reinscribes the privilege which enables them to speak in the first place.
Chow 93
Rey Chow, Comparative Literature—Brown University, 1993
Writing Diaspora, p.145-146
But while it effectively raises our consciousness in regard to the privileged positions enjoyed by
AND
who speak—this is the answer this question is meant to provoke.
This oppressive solidarity locks in cycles of exclusionary violence—making their impacts inevitable. You should reject the affirmative because of their failure to question the indebtedness of their intellectual project to institutions mired in the very privilege they sanctimoniously criticize—your first obligation as an intellectual is to interrogate your own privilege and struggle against becoming the object and instrument of power.
Chow 93
Rey Chow, Comparative Literature—Brown University, 1993 Writing Diaspora, p. 16-17
Why are and#34;tacticsand#34; useful at this moment? As discussions about and#34;multiculturalism
AND
fencedoff field, in the military no less than in the academic sense?

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harker KM | Judge: Kirk Gibson
Plan is one step forward and two steps back – energy production exponentially compounds consumption – turns the case and results in extinction
Foster et al 10 (JOHN B. is editor of Monthly Review and professor of sociology, University of Oregon. BRETT CLARK is assistant professor of sociology, North Carolina State University. RICHARD YORK is co-editor of Organization 26 Environment and associate professor of sociology, University of Oregon, "Capitalism and the Curse of Energy Efficiency: The Return of the Jevons Paradox", Monthly Review, November 2010. Vol. 62, Iss. 6; pg. 1, 12 pgs, proquest)
The Jevons Paradox was forgotten in the heyday of the age of petroleum during the
AND
equality, human development, community, and sustainability are the explicit goals. 

Their stimulus advantage uses a flawed epistemology to determine the success of the market – using investor confidence and consumption ignores environmental limits to the economy and spurs collapse – only regulating the market with the environment as a hard limit can create sustainability
Harris 97
(Jonathan, Director, Theory and Education Program, Tufts University Global Development and Environment Institute, "Part VIII: Consumption and the Environment Overview Essay", in The Consumer Society, eds. Neva R. Goodwin, Frank Ackerman, and David Kiron, pgs. 272-273, http://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/publications/frontier_series/Consum-Pt8.pdf)
Herman Daly puts the microeconomic rethinking of consumption into a macroeconomic perspective. He draws
AND
ecosystem and to higher social values for guidance in reforming and limiting consumption.

The judge should vote negative to embrace an aesthetics of voluntary simplicity
It’s try-or-die for the alternative – current consumption practices make extinction inevitable – shifting the subject position towards consumers creates a shift towards creative strategies for simplicity
Alexander 12 Samuel, lecturer at the Office for Environmental Programs, University of Melbourne, Australia, "DEGROWTH IMPLIES VOLUNTARY SIMPLICITY: OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION", Simplicity Institute Report 12b, 2012)
The global economy is exceeding the sustainable carrying capacity of the planet, and it
AND
in the hope that the existing barriers to sustainable consumption can be overcome.

Tournament: Wake Early Bird | Round: 6 | Opponent: Gulliver Prep CH | Judge: Bruce Miller
Lifting the embargo destroys Cuban ag
Gonzalez 3 –  Assistant Professor at Seattle University School of Law (Carmen, “SEASONS OF RESISTANCE: SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY IN CUBA”, Summer of 2003, book p. 729-33)
Notwithstanding these problems, the greatest challenge to the agricultural development strategy adopted by the
AND
to the retention of an agricultural development model borne of crisis and isolation. 

Cuban ag is an international model – solves environmental degradation and food scarcity
Peters 10 – LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)
While urban agriculture was a response to a dramatic crisis in ¶ Cuba’s history,
AND
new economy for many Cubans without negatively ¶ impacting the environment or society.

Environmental collapse risks extinction
Ehrlich and Ehrlich 13 – Professor of Biology and Senior Research Scientist in Biology @ Stanford University (Paul R. Ehrlich (President of the Center for Conservation Biology @ Stanford University) and Anne H. Ehrlich, “Can a collapse of global civilization be avoided?,” Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences, Proc. R. Soc. B 2013 280, published online 9 January 2013)HA
¶ Virtually every past civilization has eventually undergone collapse, a loss of socio-
AND
of the vast majority of people would disappear. pg. 1-2

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: GBN DK | Judge: Jeremy Hammond
Debt ceiling will pass and political capital is key
Pace 9/12 (Julie, "AP White House correspondent, Syria debate on hold, Obama refocuses on agenda", The Fresno Bee, September 9 of 2013, http://www.fresnobee.com/2013/09/12/3493538/obama-seeks-to-focus-on-domestic.html
With a military strike against Syria on hold, President Barack Obama tried Thursday to
AND
Speaker John Boehner on Thursday said the GOP will insist on curbing spending.

Plan costs massive amounts of capital
LeoGrande, 12
William M. LeoGrande School of Public Affairs American University, Professor of Government and a specialist in Latin American politics and U.S. foreign policy toward Latin America, Professor LeoGrande has been a frequent adviser to government and private sector agencies, 12/18/12, http://www.american.edu/clals/upload/LeoGrande-Fresh-Start.pdf

The Republicans’ sweeping victory in the 2010 mid-term elections put the House back
AND
executive authority to selectively loosen the embargo for both commerce and travel.42
This will destroy the U.S. and global economy and collapse trade
Davidson, 9/10 (Adam - co-founder of NPR’s "Planet Money" 9/10/2013, "Our Debt to Society," http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/15/magazine/our-debt-to-society.html?pagewanted=all26_r=0))

This is the definition of a deficit, and it illustrates why the government needs
AND
free asset more risky, the entire global economy becomes riskier and costlier.
Nuclear war and extinction
Harris and Burrows 9 - *Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) , Jennifer, a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit ("Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis" http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf-http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf)
Increased Potential for Global Conflict
Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is
AND
within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.

Tournament: Wake Early Bird | Round: 1 | Opponent: Pine Crest MM | Judge: Maria Liu
*Alt. causes*
Talbott, 06 (Strobe Talbott, President of the Brookings Institution. Keynote Address to Stanley Foundation Conference, and#34;Bush Foreign Policy: The Next Phase,and#34; 12-7-06. http://www.brook.edu/views/speeches/talbott/20061207.htm)
To its credit, starting in 2004, even before President Bushand#39;s re-election
AND
to get majority support for in the Senate with the GOP in control.

*Diplomacy has limited utility – can’t be effectively practiced by the government*
Wolf and Rosen, 04 (Charles Jr. Wolf - Senior Economic Adviser and Corporate Fellow in International Economics at RAND, and Brian Rosen - Doctoral Fellow at the RAND Corporation, “Public Diplomacy: How to Think about and improve it,” www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/2004/RAND_OP134.pdf)
Still, a reformed and enhanced public diplomacy should be accompanied by limited expectations about
AND
messenger (the United States government), inevitably the two will be linked.

*It will take decades to repair U.S. soft power*
Freeman, 06 (Chas W., Ambassador (USFS, Ret.), “Why Not Let Them Hate Us, as Long as They Fear Us?” 11-4-2006, http://www.publicdiplomacy.org/71.htm)
To rediscover public diplomacy and to practice it successfully, in other words, we
AND
post-9/11 psychoses took a mere five years to destroy.

*Soft power is irrelevant – our position in the world is the same whether people hate us or not*
Kagan, 06 (Robert, senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, The Washington Post, 1/15, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=viewandid=17894andprog=zgpandproj=zusr)
The striking thing about the present international situation is the degree to which America remains
AND
it was in the 1990s: Who will be invited to join NATO?

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harker KM | Judge: Kirk Gibson
Relations high – cooperation will happen absent renewables
Selee and Diaz-Cayeros 13 (Andrew and Alberto) "The Dynamics of US Mexico Relations" Mexico and the United States: the politics of partnership. 2013. Book
Yet positive factors favor prospects for more effective partnership and are likely to drive cooperation
AND
whose relationship is guided by a common vision of mutually beneficial shared outcomes. 

New administration promises continued high relations
Seelke ’13
~Clare, Specialist in Latin American Affairs, "Mexico’s New Administration: Priorities and Key Issues in US-Mexican Relations," Congressional Research Service, January 16, 2013~
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42917.pdf-http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42917.pdf
U.S.-Mexican relations grew closer during the Felipe Calderón Administration (2006
AND
increased ¶ bilateral and trilateral (with Canada) economic and energy cooperation.

Drug trafficking inevitable- US turns a blind eye
Messing and Hazelwood 12 (F. Andy Messing is the Executive Director of the National Defense Council Foundation, Bruce Hazelwood wa a member of the Milgroup at the U.S. Embassy, "US Drug Control Policy and International Operations" 2012 http://ndcf.dyndns.org/ndcf/Publications/US_Drug_Control_Policy_and_Int_Ops.htm~~23_Toc449503510
CLans)
When considering an economic development strategy, we should remember that since drug problem is
AND
continues to prevent any "real" international cooperation in the drug fight.
No Latin American escalation
Cárdenas 11 ~Mauricio, senior fellow and director of the Latin America Initiative at the Brookings Institution, 3-17, "Think Again Latin America," Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/03/17/think_again_latin_america?page=full~~
"Latin America is violent and dangerous." Yes, but not unstable. Latin
AND
tactic which contributed in large part to the organization’s loss of popular support.

No chance of prolif – treaty norms, and most analysts don’t regard it as a significant threat
Sarah Chankin-Gould, a Scoville Peace Fellow with the Arms Sales Monitoring Project at the Federation of American Scientists, Winter 2004, FAS Public Interest Report, Vol. 57, No. 1, online: http://www.fas.org/faspir/2004/v57n1/tlatelolco.htm, accessed February 20, 2007
In 1967, before the Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and at
AND
nuclear non-proliferation both in their own NWFZ and around the world. 

The risk of nuclear terrorism is exceedingly low – their authors are all trumpeting inflated threats.
Mueller ’11
John Mueller is Professor of Political Science at Ohio State University. He is the author of Atomic Obsession. "The truth about al Qaeda". August 5, 2011. CNN’s Global Public Square. http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/08/05/the-truth-about-al-qaeda/
The chief lesson of 9/11 should have been that small bands of terrorists
AND
It seems wildly unlikely that al Qaeda is remotely ready to go nuclear.
Terrorists have had limited incentive to go nuclear – no ability to build their own couldn’t steal fissile material, or buy from corrupt insiders.
Mueller ’10
John Mueller, professor of political science at Ohio State University. "Calming Our Nuclear Jitters". Issues in Science and Technology. 1/1/2010. Vol.26,Iss.2;p.58-66. Academic Search Premiere.
In contrast to these predictions, terrorist groups seem to have exhibited only limited desire
AND
have every incentive to cover their trail, beginning with eliminating their confederates."
Even if each obstacle can be surmount – the overwhelming amount of obstacles make nuclear terrorism is unlikely.
Mueller in ’10
John Mueller, professor of political science at Ohio State University. "Calming Our Nuclear Jitters". Issues in Science and Technology. 1/1/2010. Vol.26,Iss.2;p.58-66. Academic Search Premiere.
Those who warn about the likelihood of a terrorist bomb contend that a terrorist group
AND
to pull off the deed drop to one in well over three billion.
No nuke terror- no motivation, access, US counter-measures, and it’s exaggerated
Krepon ’9
Michael Krepon is Co-Founder of the Henry L. Stimson Center, a Diplomat Scholar at the University of Virginia, The Mushroom Cloud That Wasn’t, Foreign Affairs, May/Jun 2009, ProQuest)
And yet, not a single death has occurred as a result of nuclear terrorism
AND
is another explanation as well: the threat itself has been greatly exaggerated.
Even if terrorists acquired a bomb delivery would be extremely difficult – simple human error would cause failures.
Ayson ’10 – Centre for Strategic Studies @ Victoria University
Robert Ayson, Centre for Strategic Studies, Victoria University of Wellington. "After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects". Studies in Conflict 26 Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7 July 2010 , pages 571 – 593. InformaWorld
In the event that a terrorist group does acquire a nuclear weapon, there are
AND
are also prone to the serious organizational errors found in other social systems.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Westwood MR | Judge: Gabe Murillo

US embargo key to preserving innovation of Cuban biotechnology industry

Cárdenas, 9 – Bachelors in Economics, University of Havana and Masters in Economics, University of Leipzig (Andrés, "The Cuban Biotechnology Industry: Innovation and universal health care," Institute for Institutional and Innovations Economics, University of Bremen, November, http://www.theairnet.org/files/research/cardenas/andres-cardenas_cubab_biotech_paper_2009.pdf)
Indeed, the development of the Cuban biotechnology industry is the result of very particular
AND
cover the entire value chain of a product (see below Closed Cycle).

Cuban biotech industry is a model worldwide

Scheye, 11 – President, Scheye Group Ltd. Global Advisory Service (Elaine, "CUBAN HEALTHCARE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY:  REFORM, A BITTER PILL TO SWALLOW  OR JUST WHAT THE DOCTOR ORDERED?" Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume21/pdfs/scheye.pdf)
While Cuba’s health care system continues to erode, Cuba’s biotechnology sector remains a bright
AND
modern apartment buildings, bus service to and from their homes, etc. 

Biotechnology solves bioterror

Collins, 6 – Press officer (Terry, "Experts: Expanding biotechnology research in developing countries key to countering bioterrorism," University of Toronto Joint Center for Bioethics, 2/26, http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-02/uotj-eeb022006.php-http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-02/uotj-eeb022006.php)
¶ ¶ Experts at the Canadian Program on Genomics and Global Health warn that global
AND
transit riders or airport travelers to be alert to and report suspicious activities.
Extinction
Anders Sandberg 8, is a James Martin Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University; Jason G. Matheny, PhD candidate in Health Policy and Management at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and special consultant to the Center for Biosecurity at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Milan M. ?irkovi?, senior research associate at the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade and assistant professor of physics at the University of Novi Sad in Serbia and Montenegro, 9/8/8, "How can we reduce the risk of human extinction?," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction-http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction
The risks from anthropogenic hazards appear at present larger than those from natural ones.
AND
may increase as biotechnologies continue to improve at a rate rivaling Moore’s Law.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: GBN DK | Judge: Jeremy Hammond

Cuban Stability

Cuban economy resilient now—reforms and quality investments—doesn’t collapse to cause Cuban instabilty
Feinberg ’12 (Richard E. Feinberg—professor of international and political economy at the University of California, San Diego and author for the Brookings Institute; "The New Cuban Economy: What Roles for Foreign Investment?"; http://www.brookings.edu/~~/media/research/files/papers/2012/12/cuba20economy20feinberg/cuba20economy20feinberg209.pdf)
A small island economy the size of the state of Tennessee, Cuba finds itself
AND
in the race toward higher earned incomes and more lucrative integration into global markets
Resilient now—agriculture, diversification, health care, tourism, and education
Third World Planet ’12 (A website that researches and analyzes Third World Economies; July 25, 2012; "The Cuban Economy"; http://www.thirdworldplanet.com/cuban-economy.php)
The Cuban economy has been remarkably resilient over the years surviving a great many difficulties
AND
Latin American countries in order to bring in the resources that they need.

Terror

The risk of nuclear terrorism is exceedingly low – their authors are all trumpeting inflated threats.

Mueller ’11
John Mueller is Professor of Political Science at Ohio State University. He is the author of Atomic Obsession. "The truth about al Qaeda". August 5, 2011. CNN’s Global Public Square. http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/08/05/the-truth-about-al-qaeda/
The chief lesson of 9/11 should have been that small bands of terrorists
AND
It seems wildly unlikely that al Qaeda is remotely ready to go nuclear.

Terrorists have had limited incentive to go nuclear – no ability to build their own couldn’t steal fissile material, or buy from corrupt insiders.

Mueller ’10
John Mueller, professor of political science at Ohio State University. "Calming Our Nuclear Jitters". Issues in Science and Technology. 1/1/2010. Vol.26,Iss.2;p.58-66. Academic Search Premiere.
In contrast to these predictions, terrorist groups seem to have exhibited only limited desire
AND
have every incentive to cover their trail, beginning with eliminating their confederates."

Even if each obstacle can be surmount – the overwhelming amount of obstacles make nuclear terrorism is unlikely.

Mueller in ’10
John Mueller, professor of political science at Ohio State University. "Calming Our Nuclear Jitters". Issues in Science and Technology. 1/1/2010. Vol.26,Iss.2;p.58-66. Academic Search Premiere.
Those who warn about the likelihood of a terrorist bomb contend that a terrorist group
AND
to pull off the deed drop to one in well over three billion.

No nuke terror- no motivation, access, US counter-measures, and it’s exaggerated

Krepon ’9 
Michael Krepon is Co-Founder of the Henry L. Stimson Center, a Diplomat Scholar at the University of Virginia, The Mushroom Cloud That Wasn’t, Foreign Affairs, May/Jun 2009, ProQuest)
And yet, not a single death has occurred as a result of nuclear terrorism
AND
is another explanation as well: the threat itself has been greatly exaggerated.

Even if terrorists acquired a bomb delivery would be extremely difficult – simple human error would cause failures.

Ayson ’10 – Centre for Strategic Studies @ Victoria University
Robert Ayson, Centre for Strategic Studies, Victoria University of Wellington. "After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects". Studies in Conflict 26 Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7 July 2010 , pages 571 – 593. InformaWorld
In the event that a terrorist group does acquire a nuclear weapon, there are
AND
are also prone to the serious organizational errors found in other social systems.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: GBN DK | Judge: Jeremy Hammond
Text: The United States federal government should fund the development of electrofuels.

Electrofuels hugely more efficient than even sugar ethanol
Lovett 06/17
Richard A. Lovett. National Geographic: Electrofuels: Charged Microbes May "Poop Out" a Gasoline Alternative http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2013/06/130617-electrofuels-using-microbes-to-make-biofuel/-http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2013/06/130617-electrofuels-using-microbes-to-make-biofuel/ 06/17/13. Da-07/07/13
Conventional biofuel production, such as the refining of ethanol from corn or sugar cane
AND
existing pipelines. You can’t do that with ethanol because ethanol absorbs water."

Tournament: Wake Early Bird | Round: 6 | Opponent: Gulliver Prep CH | Judge: Bruce Miller
US embargo key to preserving innovation of Cuban biotechnology industry
Cárdenas, 9 – Bachelors in Economics, University of Havana and Masters in Economics, University of Leipzig (Andrés, “The Cuban Biotechnology Industry: Innovation and universal health care,” Institute for Institutional and Innovations Economics, University of Bremen, November, http://www.theairnet.org/files/research/cardenas/andres-cardenas_cubab_biotech_paper_2009.pdf)
Indeed, the development of the Cuban biotechnology industry is the result of very particular
AND
cover the entire value chain of a product (see below Closed Cycle).
Cuban biotech industry is a model worldwide
Scheye, 11 – President, Scheye Group Ltd. Global Advisory Service (Elaine, “CUBAN HEALTHCARE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY:  REFORM, A BITTER PILL TO SWALLOW  OR JUST WHAT THE DOCTOR ORDERED?” Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume21/pdfs/scheye.pdf)
While Cuba’s health care system continues to erode, Cuba’s biotechnology sector remains a bright
AND
modern apartment buildings, bus service to and from their homes, etc.
Biotechnology solves bioterror
Collins, 6 – Press officer (Terry, “Experts: Expanding biotechnology research in developing countries key to countering bioterrorism,” University of Toronto Joint Center for Bioethics, 2/26, http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-02/uotj-eeb022006.php)
¶ ¶ Experts at the Canadian Program on Genomics and Global Health warn that global
AND
transit riders or airport travelers to be alert to and report suspicious activities.
Extinction
Anders Sandberg 8, is a James Martin Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University; Jason G. Matheny, PhD candidate in Health Policy and Management at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and special consultant to the Center for Biosecurity at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Milan M. ?irkovi?, senior research associate at the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade and assistant professor of physics at the University of Novi Sad in Serbia and Montenegro, 9/8/8, “How can we reduce the risk of human extinction?,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction
The risks from anthropogenic hazards appear at present larger than those from natural ones.
AND
may increase as biotechnologies continue to improve at a rate rivaling Mooreand#39;s Law.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: GBN DK | Judge: Jeremy Hammond

Food

Hunger related deaths declining
The Hunger Project ’8
("Decline in the number of hunger related deaths," http://www.thp.org/reports/decline.htm)

Recent studies indicate that 24,000 individuals die each day of hunger-related
AND
of population growth, indicating an overall decline in hunger-related deaths.

Food scarcity won’t cause conflict
Falcon and Naylor ’5
(Walter, Helen Farnsworth Prof. Int’l. Agricultural Policy and Co-Director of Center for Environmental Science and Policy @ Institute for Int’l. Studies @ Stanford, and Rosamond, Julie Wrigley Senior Fellow @ Center for Environmental Science and Policy @ Institute for International Studies and Director of Program on Food Security and the Environment @ Stanford, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, "Rethinking Food Security for the Twenty-First Century" 87:5, December, OneFile)

Three separate, but interrelated, questions seem relevant: (5)  1.
AND
-East suicide bombers have come from Saudi Arabia and Morocco (Pape).  

Food aid turn—high food prices are critical to break dependency on food aid and solve global poverty
BIOPACT 08 (Brussels-based connective of European and African citizens who strive towards the establishment of a mutually beneficial ’energy relationship’ based on biofuels and bioenergy, Biopact unites specialists in several disciplines related to bioenergy—an economic anthropologist, a bio-engineer, a professor in chemistry, a tropical agronomist, a sociologist with expertise on Central-Africa, and a development economist, "Food aid, a gigantic waste of money?" July 15, http://biopact.com/2008/07/food-aid-gigantic-waste-of-money.html)
Pedro Sanchez, director of the Tropical Agriculture Program of the Earth Institute at Columbia
AND
the world’s poorest people, because 75 of these are small farmers.

Biodiversity

1. No extinction from loss of bio-diversity

Easterbrook, 03 – senior fellow at the New Republic, 03 ~"We’re All Gonna Die21", http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.07/doomsday.html?pg=126topic=26topic_set-http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.07/doomsday.html?pg=126topic=26topic_set=~~
If we’re talking about doomsday - the end of human civilization - many scenarios simply
AND
as he was, wrote Remembrance of Things Past while lying in bed.

2. Tech solves

Stossel, 07 Journalist, winner of the Peabody Award, anchors ABC News, 07 ~John, "Environmental Alarmists Have It Backwards", http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2007/04/how_about_economic_progress_da.html-http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2007/04/how_about_economic_progress_da.html~~
Watching the media coverage, you’d think that the earth was in imminent danger —
AND
If we care about human life, we should celebrate Economic Progress Day.

3. Biodiversity is bad – 

A. Makes ecosystems less stable and more prone to collapse

Heath, 99 (Jim Heath - Australian Orchid Council Inc., 1999, Orchids Australia, "WHY SAVE ORCHIDS UNDER THREAT?," http://www.orchidsaustralia.com/whysave.htm-http://www.orchidsaustralia.com/whysave.htm, CM)
Some people say we can’t afford to lose any species, no matter what species
AND
add diversity, and that added diversity makes the biological world more stable. 

B. Increased biodiversity prevents resiliency and collapses the system

Naeem, 02 (Shahid Naeem - Director of Science at Center for Environmental Research and Conservation (CERC),  Professor and Chair of Columbia University Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, 07 March 2002, Nature Magazine, "Biodiversity: Biodiversity equals instability?," pg. 23, CM)
Pfisterer and Schmid ~3~ studied biomass production in a combinatorial plant-diversity
AND
by the camp that disagrees with the idea that biodiversity leads to stability. 

Warming

Higher C02 levels are key to preventing the next ice age
Watts 12, Increased C02 emissions will delay next ice age, January 8 ~Meteorologist, Anthony~, p . http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/01/08/increased – co2 – emissions – will – delay – next – ice – age/-http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/01/08/increased-co2-emissions-will-delay-next-ice-age/
According to new research to be published in Nature Geoscience (embargoed until 1800 GMT
AND
’the drift into new ice – age conditions would be inevitable.’

The alternative is global extinction
Whitehouse 12, The Observatory, Will the Ice Return?, January 11, ~scientist with a Ph.D., in Astrophysics, Victoria University of Manchester and former Science correspondent for the BBC; David~, p. http://thegwpf.org/the – observatory/4736 – will – the – ice – return.html-http://thegwpf.org/the-observatory/4736-will-the-ice-return.html
Without doubt, we live in an interglacial period – a warm time between ice
AND
look to a sustained greenhouse effect to maintain the present advantageous world climate.

Tournament: Wake Early Bird | Round: 6 | Opponent: Gulliver Prep CH | Judge: Bruce Miller
Cuba does not need funding for internet
Ezra Fieser 2013 (Correspondent,June 4, 2013, Internet access to expand in Cuba – at a price, http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Americas/Latin-America-Monitor/2013/0604/Internet-access-to-expand-in-Cuba-at-a-price, ak) 

 Since it started offering limited access in 1996,  In the Official Gazette,  
AND
a radio station after the announcement, “something is better than nothing.”

Status quo solves – China funds
Press 11 Larry Press, “THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE OF THE INTERNET IN CUBA”, August 2011, http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume21/pdfs/press.pdf TH
China has played a major role in the financing and¶ installation of the ALBA-I cable. In spite of financial¶ tensions surrounding the restructuring of Cuba’s debt to China, new Chinese investments were announced recently. At one time, the U.S. dominated¶ the networking equipment market, but China is now¶ a leading manufacturer, and they are not bound by¶ the U.S. embargo. The Chinese also have extensive¶ experience installing networks in developing nations,¶ including their own.

Current programs suffice - ITU and the UN
Firchow 12 (Pamina Firchow, She has a  Ph.D. in Development Studies, an MSc in Comparative Politics from the London School of Economics and an M.A. in  International Relations and Peace and Conflict Resolution, her research focuses on issues of conflict and international development. In particular, her research focuses on the nexus between transitional justice and international development, as well as the role of revolutions, uprisings and social movements as agents of change in Latin America, and#34;A Cuban Spring? The Use of the Internet as a Tool of Democracy Promotion by United States Agency for International Development in Cubaand#34;, May 22,2013, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02681102.2013.793119#.UexMwY3VCSp) AZ
Other international development actors also play a role in Cuban Internet policy, ¶ albeit
AND
binding agreements with Cuba or function independently of the government on the Island.

Tournament: Wake Early Bird | Round: 6 | Opponent: Gulliver Prep CH | Judge: Bruce Miller
Text: The United States federal government should gradually lift its economic embargo on Cuba.

Removing the embargo gradually solves – immediate removal causes instability
Zimmerman 10 – CHELSEA A. ZIMMERMAN, Georgetown Law, ’10, “Rethinking The Cuban Trade Embargo: An Opportune Time To Mend a Broken Policy,” http://www.thepresidency.org/storage/documents/Fellows2010/Zimmerman.pdf, ACC. 6-13-2013)
Elimination of the trade embargo immediately is not a feasible solution, as such a
AND
pork and fish would result (U.S. International Trade Commission).
Cuban instability collapse causes terrorism and Latin American instability
Gorrell ‘5 (Tim, Lieutenant Colonel, “CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?” 3/18/5, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074)
Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, Cuba’s
AND
in an effort to facilitate a manageable transition to post-Castro Cuba?

Extinction
Anders Sandberg 8, is a James Martin Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University; Jason G. Matheny, PhD candidate in Health Policy and Management at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and special consultant to the Center for Biosecurity at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Milan M. ?irkovi?, senior research associate at the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade and assistant professor of physics at the University of Novi Sad in Serbia and Montenegro, 9/8/8, “How can we reduce the risk of human extinction?,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction
The risks from anthropogenic hazards appear at present larger than those from natural ones.
AND
may increase as biotechnologies continue to improve at a rate rivaling Mooreand#39;s Law.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Westwood MR | Judge: Gabe Murillo

Text: The United States federal government should gradually lift its economic embargo on Cuba.

Removing the embargo gradually solves – immediate removal causes instability

Zimmerman 10 – CHELSEA A. ZIMMERMAN, Georgetown Law, ’10, "Rethinking The Cuban Trade Embargo: An Opportune Time To Mend a Broken Policy," http://www.thepresidency.org/storage/documents/Fellows2010/Zimmerman.pdf-http://www.thepresidency.org/storage/documents/Fellows2010/Zimmerman.pdf, ACC. 6-13-2013)
Elimination of the trade embargo immediately is not a feasible solution, as such a
AND
pork and fish would result (U.S. International Trade Commission).

Cuban instability collapse causes terrorism and Latin American instability

Gorrell ’5 (Tim, Lieutenant Colonel, "CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?" 3/18/5, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074-http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074)
Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, Cuba’s
AND
in an effort to facilitate a manageable transition to post-Castro Cuba?

Extinction
Anders Sandberg 8, is a James Martin Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University; Jason G. Matheny, PhD candidate in Health Policy and Management at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and special consultant to the Center for Biosecurity at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Milan M. ?irkovi?, senior research associate at the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade and assistant professor of physics at the University of Novi Sad in Serbia and Montenegro, 9/8/8, "How can we reduce the risk of human extinction?," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction-http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction
The risks from anthropogenic hazards appear at present larger than those from natural ones.
AND
may increase as biotechnologies continue to improve at a rate rivaling Moore’s Law.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Westwood MR | Judge: Gabe Murillo

Extinction first—existential risks require unique risk calculus

Bostrom 12
(Nick, Professor of Philosophy at Oxford, directs Oxford’s Future of Humanity Institute and winner of the Gannon Award, Interview with Ross Andersen, correspondent at The Atlantic, 3/6, "We’re Underestimating the Risk of Human Extinction", http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/03/were-underestimating-the-risk-of-human-extinction/253821/-http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/03/were-underestimating-the-risk-of-human-extinction/253821/)
Bostrom, who directs Oxford’s Future of Humanity Institute, has argued over the course
AND
that he expects to grow in number and potency over the next century.
Despite his concerns about the risks posed to humans by technological progress, Bostrom is
AND
, and about what we can do to make sure we outlast them.
Some have argued that we ought to be directing our resources toward humanity’s existing problems
AND
eliminating poverty or curing malaria, which would be tremendous under ordinary standards.

Prioritize preventing extinction first

Cummiskey ’96
(David, Associate Philosophy Professor, Bates College, Kantian Consequentialism, p. 129-131)
It does, however, support the consequentialist interpretation. Since the moral demand to
AND
conclusion that the more persons with dignity who are saved, the better.

People should have the option of choosing their own value to life

Kymlicka ’3 
(Will, professor of philosophy @ Queens University. Contemporary Political Thought:  A Reader And Guide.  Edited by Alan Finlayson, pp. 496-498)
The defining feature of liberalism is that it ascribes certain fundamental freedoms to each individual
AND
judge what is valuable, and to learn about other ways of life.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Westwood MR | Judge: Gabe Murillo

Movements in Latin America are successfully producing alternatives to global neoliberalism – the plan’s economic imposition crushes these spaces of resistance, reducing the globe to a single, monocultural economic model

Vattimo 26 Zabala 11
(Gianni, Prof. of Theoretical Philosophy @ U of Turin, Santiago, Prof. of Philosophy @ U of Barcelona, Hermeneutic Communism, pgs. 124-131)

The "Bolivarian Revolution" is Chavez’s commitment to twenty first- century socialism."
AND
and democratic model is again summoning the specter of communism throughout the world."

The impact is extinction – neoliberalism reduces existence itself to property to be exchanged, producing a drive to a single way of knowing and being – that causes massive structural violence and environmental destruction

Lander ’2,
(Edgardo, Prof. of Sociology and Latin American studies at the Venezuelan Central University in Caracas, "Eurocentrism, Modern Knowledges, and the "Natural" Order of Global Capital, Nepantla: Views from South", 3.2, muse)

Just as resources formerly considered to be commons, or of communal use, were
AND
intensified, totalitarian monoculture of Eurocentric knowledge only lead to destruction and death.

The alternative – the judge should vote negative to reject neoliberal knowledge production and endorse globalization from below

Refusing neoliberalism’s hegemonic control over knowledge production is essential within the space of this debate – the alternative aligns the ballot with Latin American resistance movements

Choi, Murphy, and Caro 4
Jung Min, John W, Manuel J, Professor of Sociology SDSU, Professor of Sociology University of Miami, Professor of Sociology Barry University, Globalization with a Human Face,  pg. 6-9

Many critics have begun to wonder why hamburgers and jeans can be globalized, but
AND
less alienating ways? With little left to why not pursue alternative visions?

Tournament: Wake Early Bird | Round: 1 | Opponent: Pine Crest MM | Judge: Maria Liu
*Movements in Latin America are successfully producing alternatives to global neoliberalism – the plan’s economic imposition crushes these spaces of resistance, reducing the globe to a single, monocultural economic model*
Vattimo and Zabala 11 (Gianni, Prof. of Theoretical Philosophy @ U of Turin, Santiago, Prof. of Philosophy @ U of Barcelona, Hermeneutic Communism, pgs. 124-131)
The “Bolivarian Revolution” is Chavez’s commitment to twenty first- century socialism.”
AND
and democratic model is again summoning the specter of communism throughout the world.and#34;

*Extinction - tech and reforms fail *
Richard A. Smith 7, Research Associate at the Institute for Policy Research and Development, UK; PhD in History from UCLA, June 2007, “The Eco-suicidal Economics of Adam Smith,” Capitalism Nature Socialism, Vol. 18, No. 2, p. 22-43
In the midst of the record-breaking heat wave in the summer of 2003
AND
and#34;endless technical adjustments;and#34; thus no further theoretical thought is required.and#34;27

Tournament: Wake Early Bird | Round: 6 | Opponent: Gulliver Prep CH | Judge: Bruce Miller
This argument is patently false—we answer a majority of your warrants
Snyder 12—Professor of History at Yale University January/February, Timothy, “War No More: Why the World Has Become More Peaceful”, Foreign Affairs, 91. 1, AL

In his vivid descriptions of the distant and recent past, Pinker draws from a
AND
and much to do with a worldview that happens to be his own. 

Even if they win the world is getting better—war is still increasingly possible—multiple reasons
Ferguson 8—Laurence A. Tisch Professor of History at Harvard University, William
AND
, AL

So The War of the World, singular, is an attempt to explain why
AND
killing fields conceivably of Palestine, of Lebanon, of the Persian Gulf. 

The convergence of hyper-competition and hyper-power status make conflict increasingly likely
Capie 11—Senior Lecturer in International Relations at Victoria University of Wellington, New
AND
Security, Volume 23, Issue 2, Taylor and Francis, AL

The bookand#39;s thesis is that there are two systemic drivers of contemporary security and insecurity
AND
on globalization and peace and conflict to form a compelling and provocative account. 

Extinction first—existential risks require unique risk calculus
Bostrom 12
(Nick, Professor of Philosophy at Oxford, directs Oxfordand#39;s Future of Humanity Institute and winner of the Gannon Award, Interview with Ross Andersen, correspondent at The Atlantic, 3/6, “Weand#39;re Underestimating the Risk of Human Extinction”, http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/03/were-underestimating-the-risk-of-human-extinction/253821/)
Bostrom, who directs Oxfordand#39;s Future of Humanity Institute, has argued over the course
AND
that he expects to grow in number and potency over the next century.
Despite his concerns about the risks posed to humans by technological progress, Bostrom is
AND
, and about what we can do to make sure we outlast them.
Some have argued that we ought to be directing our resources toward humanityand#39;s existing problems
AND
eliminating poverty or curing malaria, which would be tremendous under ordinary standards.

Prioritize preventing extinction first
Cummiskey ‘96
(David, Associate Philosophy Professor, Bates College, Kantian Consequentialism, p. 129-131)
It does, however, support the consequentialist interpretation. Since the moral demand to
AND
conclusion that the more persons with dignity who are saved, the better.

Tournament: Wake Early Bird | Round: 1 | Opponent: Pine Crest MM | Judge: Maria Liu
*No cyberterror - o skills, no motivation, small impact and infrastructure is resilient*
Weimann ‘6
Gabriel Weimann, Professor of Communications at Haifa University and former Senior Fellow at the United States Institute of Peace, Terror on the Internet, 2006, pg. 165
Neither al Qaeda nor any other terrorist organization appears to have tried to stage a
AND
part because they have to deal with failure on a routine basis.” 40

*No bioterror- o motivation, no access and vaccines check the impact*
Clark ‘8 – Emeritus Professor in Immunology at UCLA
William R. Clark, emeritus professor in Immunology at UCLA. Bracing for Armageddon?: The Science and Politics of Bioterrorism in America, 2008, pg. 183
In the end, what may well stop groups like Al-Qaeda from using
AND
for Al-Qaeda and its ilk may be a non-starter. 

*No Taiwan escalation*
Shor 12 (Francis, Professor of History – Wayne State, “Declining US Hegemony and Rising Chinese Power: A Formula for Conflict?”, Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 11(1), pp. 157-167)
While the United States no longer dominates the global economy as it did during the
AND
of the U.S. governing eliteand#39;s ideological commitment to national security.

*Bio D impact Empirically denied and alternate causality – hundreds of thousands of species die annually*
Paltrowitz, 01 (JD Brooklyn Journal of I-Law, 2001 (A Greening of the World Trade Organisation”)
However, the panel did not take into account the practical reality that negotiations are
AND
impose few constraints on a contracting partyand#39;s implementation of domestic environmental policies.and#34; n108

*Species extinction will not cause human extinction – humans and the environment are adaptable*
Doremus, 2K (Holly,  Professor of Law at UC Davis Washington and Lee Law Review, Winter 57 Wash and Lee L. Rev. 11, lexis)  
In recent years, this discourse frequently has taken the form of the ecological horror
AND
that a high proportion of species can be lost without precipitating a collapse.

*A Drilling agreement alone won’t spill-over to broad relations*
Padgett ‘12
Tim Padgett joined TIME in 1996 as Mexico City bureau chief covering Latin America. In 1999 he moved to Florida to become TIME’s Miami and Latin America bureau chief, reporting on the hemisphere from Tallahassee to Tierra del Fuego. He has chronicled Mexico’s democratization and drug war as well as the rise of Latin leaders like Lula and Hugo Chavez, TIME, 1-27-2012, “The Oil Off Cuba: Washington and Havana Dance at Arms Length Over Spill Prevention,” http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2105598,00.html#ixzz2NxDjxp81, accessed 5-10-2013 

What experts on both sides of the Straits hope is that sea currents will carry
AND
worker imprisoned in Cuba since 2009 on what many call questionable spying charges.

*Alt causes to US-Cuban ties – Human Rights, Guantanamo, and Cuban exiles*
Hanson and Lee ‘13
Stephanie Hanson and Brianna Lee, Council on Foreign Relations, “U.S.-Cuba Relations”, 1/31/13 http://www.cfr.org/cuba/us-cuba-relations/p11113
What are the issues preventing normalization of U.S.-Cuba relations? Experts
AND
alienating a strong voting bloc in an important swing state in presidential elections.

*Relations can’t solve crime—too much to overcome*
The risk of nuclear terrorism is exceedingly low – their authors are all trumpeting inflated threats.
Mueller ‘11
John Mueller is Professor of Political Science at Ohio State University. He is the author of Atomic Obsession. “The truth about al Qaeda”. August 5, 2011. CNN’s Global Public Square. http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/08/05/the-truth-about-al-qaeda/
The chief lesson of 9/11 should have been that small bands of terrorists
AND
It seems wildly unlikely that al Qaeda is remotely ready to go nuclear.

Tournament: Wake Early Bird | Round: 1 | Opponent: Pine Crest MM | Judge: Maria Liu

Strikes inevitable even without congressional approval

Miller 9/6
Jake, “Congress struggling with how to vote on Syria attack” http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-250_162-57601727/congress-struggling-with-how-to-vote-on-syria-attack/
Ultimately, apart from considerations about damaged U.S. credibility, the congressional
AND
, but it could also be entirely inconsequential to the presidentand#39;s ultimate decision.

*Congressional approval boosts Obama’s cred – an XO would kill it*
Luce 9-1 – Washington bureau chief of the Financial Times (Edward, “Barack Obama risks more than just his credibility on Syria”, September 1 of 2013, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/8c1b8faa-128b-11e3-8336-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2dtdrJg26)
First, the positive side. Mr Obama’s request, which Congress will debate only
AND
to respond to the barbaric gassing of hundreds of innocent foreign children. 

*Plan saps PC*
LeoGrande, 12
William M. LeoGrande School of Public Affairs American University, Professor of Government and a specialist in Latin American politics and U.S. foreign policy toward Latin America, Professor LeoGrande has been a frequent adviser to government and private sector agencies, 12/18/12, http://www.american.edu/clals/upload/LeoGrande-Fresh-Start.pdf

The Republicansand#39; sweeping victory in the 2010 mid-term elections put the House back
AND
executive authority to selectively loosen the embargo for both commerce and travel.42

*Obama’s cred solves south china sea conflict*
Ben Coes 11, a former speechwriter in the George H.W. Bush administration, managed Mitt Romney’s successful campaign for Massachusetts Governor in 2002 and author, “The disease of a weak president”, The Daily Caller, http://dailycaller.com/2011/09/30/the-disease-of-a-weak-president/
The disease of a weak president usually begins with the Achilles’ heel all politicians are
AND
on behalf of our allies. And our allies are Israel and India.

*South China Sea conflicts cause extinction*
Wittner 11 (Lawrence S. Wittner, Emeritus Professor of History at the State University of New York/Albany, Wittner is the author of eight books, the editor or co-editor of another four, and the author of over 250 published articles and book reviews. From 1984 to 1987, he edited Peace and Change, a journal of peace research., 11/28/2011, and#34;Is a Nuclear War With China Possible?and#34;,  www.huntingtonnews.net/14446)
While nuclear weapons exist, there remains a danger that they will be used.
AND
—destroying agriculture, creating worldwide famine, and generating chaos and destruction.

Tournament: Wake Early Bird | Round: 6 | Opponent: Gulliver Prep CH | Judge: Bruce Miller
Interpretation - “Economic” engagement is limited to trade and financial transactions – excludes political and cultural engagement
Resnick 1 – Dr. Evan Resnick, Ph.D. in Political Science from Columbia University, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University, “Defining Engagement”, Journal of International Affairs, Spring, 54(2), Ebsco
Scholars have limited the concept of engagement in a third way by unnecessarily restricting the
AND
be shown below, permits the elucidation of multiple types of positive sanctions.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: GBN DK | Judge: Jeremy Hammond
Engagement can’t be conditional
Smith 5 (Karen E, Senior Lecturer in International Relations, London School of Economics, "Engagement and conditionality: incompatible or mutually reinforcing?,"  May 2005, Global Europe: New Terms of Engagement, http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:8-3RqE0TzFMJ:scholar.google.com/+engagement+positive+incentives+bilateral26hl=en26as_sdt=0,14-http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:8-3RqE0TzFMJ:scholar.google.com/+engagement+positive+incentives+bilateral26hl=en26as_sdt=0,14)
First, a few definitions. ’Engagement’ is a foreign policy strategy of building
AND
induce change in another country, conditionality more of a top-down strategy

Violation – the affirmative conditions the embargo  on Cuba’s response—just an offer
Voting Issue-

1. Limits – there are hundreds of actions that each and every aff can be conditioned on – multiplies the scope of the topic and makes it unpredictable - that hurts negative preparation, which is key to competitiveness and clash
   2. Ground – making plan action conditional lets the AFF spike out of links to every DA – makes it impossible to be NEG

Tournament: Wake Early Bird | Round: 4 | Opponent: Thomas Jefferson KK | Judge: Ben Schultz
The Alt demands a violent revolution which will be destroyed and only result in a new dictatorship
Feldheim (Prof of Philosophy @ SUNY) 8
(Andrew, REPLY TO WARD CHURCHILL, dspace.sunyconnect.suny.edu, GoogleScholar)

Churchill’s assumption that, when a nonviolent group becomes a viable threat to an  oppressive
AND
prove Churchill’s argument unsound, its very  nature makes it of limited utility.  

And this true in North America too – The immediate effect of the alternative would be a massive increase in direct anti-Black and anti-Red violence
Fire Rider (advocate from the Northern Ontario Ojibwe and American Indian Movement) 5
(Marty, Why Churchill Political Agenda is Wrong for Indians, February 2005, http://aimfireca.tripod.com/id44.html)

I think we can agree that Churchilland#39;s political philosophy is liberal socialism regarding foreign
AND
environment where Indians would be subject to further violence, racism and discriminating. 

Wilderson’s hard ontological descriptions make fatalism inevitable  -  if they win their ontological arguments, there is no reason why any ontic action could ever reverse it
Bâ (teaches film at Portsmouth University (UK). He researches ‘race’, the ‘postcolonial’,  diaspora,  the  transnational  and  film  ‘genre’,  African  and  Caribbean cinemas  and film festivals) 11
(Saër Maty, The US Decentred, Cultural Studies Review, volume 17 number 2 September 2011)

In chapter nine, ‘“Savage” Negrophobia’, he writes:  The philosophical anxiety
AND
?  The  coffle   approaches with its answers in tow.’ (340)

Turns the case – greatest comparative threat
Miah quoting West in 94
(Malik Miah, Cornel Westand#39;s Race Matters, May-June, http://www.solidarity-us.org/node/3079)

In the chapter, “Nihilism in Black America,” West observes “The liberal
AND
that without meaning there can be no struggle.” (14-15) 

Their use of ontological blackness creates reliance on white superiority and erases individuality – ontological blackness opposes itself to whiteness, affirming white superiority by grounding blackness in suffering and the experience of anti-blackness – that reduces all experience to negative experience of racial constitution, which crushes individuality and causes social death
Pinn 97
(Anthony, Agnes Cullen Arnold Professor of Humanities and Professor of Religious Studies at Rice University whose work focuses on black liberation theology, African-American religion, and African-American humanism, Review of “Beyond Ontological Blackness: An Essay on African American Religious and Cultural Criticism by Victor Anderson”, African American Review, Vol. 31, No. 2 (Summer, 1997), pp. 320-323)

In chapter one Anderson defines religious criticism, cultural criticism, and other terms that
AND
suffocate. How does one maintain this balance? Anderson looks to Nietzsche.