R2 AFF Border Infrastructure 1NC T QPQ Debt Ceiling Neoliberalism K FTAA CP 2NR Debt Ceiling
R4
1ac Border INF
1nc China Debt Ceiling Security K
R6 1ac border inf 1nc politics china
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
Entry
Date
1AC
Tournament: Wake Forest 2013 | Round: 1 | Opponent: John Doe | Judge: John Doe Plan
Text: The United States federal government should substantially increase its border transportation infrastructure projects with Mexico
Advantage 1 is Relations
The plan revitalizes US-Mexico relations - Infrastructure is key Selee and Wilson, 12 – Andrew, Vice President for Programs and Senior Advisor to the Mexico Institute at the Wilson Center, Christopher, associate with the Mexico Institute (“A New Agenda with Mexico,” Wilson Center, November 2012, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/a_new_agenda_with_mexico.pdf)Red Summary The depth of economic ties with Mexico, together with declines in illegal immigration AND Dakota, New Hampshire, and Georgia, to name just a few.
Economic focus is key to relations – solves Central American stability and Mexican leadership Wood and Wilson, 13 – Duncan, director of the Mexico Institute at the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars, and Christopher, associate with the Mexico Institute (“New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S.-Mexico Relations,” Wilson Center, January 2013, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf)Red The new administrations begin working together at a time of considerable optimism in the relationship AND investment from both sides in terms of resources, time and political will.
Perception key to access the strategic parts of the relationship Garza, 12/3/12 – Antonio, Former U.S. Ambassador to Mexico (“A first step is to get rid of outdated perceptions—on both sides,” Americas Society/Council of the Americas, http://www.as-coa.org/articles/viewpoints-what-should-top-priority-be-us-mexican-relations)Red The United States and Mexico have enjoyed a very healthy and respectful relationship. On AND relationship to a more strategic level—but it will take some work.
Relations key to Central American stability Selee and Wilson, 12 – Andrew, Vice President for Programs and Senior Advisor to the Mexico Institute at the Wilson Center, Christopher, associate with the Mexico Institute (“A New Agenda with Mexico,” Wilson Center, November 2012, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/a_new_agenda_with_mexico.pdf)Red As Mexico’s security crisis begins to recede, the two countries will also have to AND active collaboration as growing economic opportunities reshape the region’s political and social landscape.
Central American Instability causes global war Rochlin, 1994 James Francis, Professor of Political Science at Okanagan University College. “Discovering the Americas: the evolution of Canadian foreign policy towards Latin America,” p. 130-131 While there were economic motivations for Canadian policy in Central America, security considerations were AND , such as Contadora, as will be discussed in the next chapter.
Advantage 2 is Trade
Trade from Mexico is set to skyrocket now MD News (MyDesert News Service, a Gannett Company) February 10, 2013 “Mexico’s “Maquiladoras” are Back on the Comeback Trail” http://beschloss.blogs.mydesert.com/2013/02/10/mexicos-maquiladoras-are-back-on-the-comeback-trail/ “Maquiladoras,” the term defining the Mexico-based, tariff-free manufacturing AND opened up additional markets for U.S. produced goods and services.
Lack of infrastructure will result in regional trade deterioration – collapses the NAFTA agenda Peters, 09 – Enrique Dussel, professor at the Graduate School of Economics, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (“Manufacturing Competitiveness: Toward a Regional Development Agenda,” The Future of North American Trade Policy: Lessons from NAFTA, Pardee Center, November 2009, http://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/Pubs/rp/PardeeNAFTACh2PetersManufNov09.pdf)Red One of the Mexican government’s goals in signing NAFTA was to expand its manufacturing sector AND little sustained attention to socioeconomic, infrastructure, and other regional development issues.
Lack of investment in transportation infrastructure is the Achilles heel of NAFTA – the plan is key to prevent collapse Michael C. McClintock (Professor of Law, Gonzaga University School of Law) 2007 “NAFTAand#39;S 13TH YEAR: STEADILY INCREASING TRADE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO, TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CRISIS, BUILDING A and#34;DRY CANALand#34; ACROSS SOUTHERN MEXICO, AND MORE” 14 Sw. J.L. and Trade Am. 25, Lexis Transportation infrastructure is a significant portion of a nationand#39;s wealth so long as efficient freight AND largest manufacturing area of northern Mexico along the U.S. border.
NAFTA is a global model for trade agreements Pastor, 04 – Robert A., Robert A., Professor at and Founding Director of the Center for North American Studies at American University (“North Americaand#39;s Second ` Decade,” Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb 2004)Red North Americaand#39;s second decade poses a distinct challenge for each government. First, the AND continent; it will provide a model for other regions around the world.
Specifically key to provide a model for TPP negotiations Don Cayo (writer for the Vancouver Sun) February 13, 2013 “NAFTA has provided a thoroughly modern template for free trade” http://www.vancouversun.com/business/NAFTA+provided+thoroughly+modern+template+free+trade/7957474/story.html If you think of NAFTA as a recent and thoroughly modern kind of trade agreement AND for free trade - but it sure is leading us into that world.
Now is key – negotiations are reaching a tipping point. Breakdown unravels the entire negotiations – crushes strategic Asia ‘pivot’ and US leadership Claude Barfield (former consultant to the office of the US Trade Representative and a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute) January 10, 2013 “Crunch time for the TPP” http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2013/01/10/crunch-time-for-the-tpp/ During President Obama’s recent trip to Asia, TPP nations set a deadline of October AND both to other TPP partners and to the US Congress and business community.
Asia pivot key to solve multiple hotspots from escalating to nuclear war Colby 11 – Elbridge Colby, research analyst at the Center for Naval Analyses, served as policy advisor to the Secretary of Defense’s Representative to the New START talks, expert advisor to the Congressional Strategic Posture Commission, August 10, 2011, “Why the U.S. Needs its Liberal Empire,” The Diplomat, online: http://the-diplomat.com/2011/08/10/why-us-needs-its-liberal-empire/2/?print=yes But the pendulum shouldn’t be allowed to swing too far toward an incautious retrenchment. AND The ability and will to intervene is too important to be so wasted. The plan ensures deep north American economic integration necessary for optimum NAFTA functioning Blank, Golob and Stanley, 06 – *Stephen, Pace University, Stephanie R., Baruch College, *Guy, McGill University (“Staying Alive: North American Competitiveness and the Challenge of Asia,” Pace University Lubin School of Business, 10/1/06, http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1077andamp;context=lubinfaculty_workingpapers)Red The cumulative result of all this cross-border trade and investment has been, AND North American competitiveness, will be as much political will as economic muscle.
NAFTA is key to heg and preventing protectionism – hemispheric integration and liberal institutional support Agrasoy, 4 - Bachelor of Arts degree in International Trade and a Bachelor of Science degree in Management Information Systems from Bogazici University in Istanbul, Turkey, where he specialized in international trade and investment, Master of Arts in Economics from McGill University in Montreal, ROI Research Analyst Director of Operations, Public Sector, overseeing worldwide public sector operations at ROI (Emre, “NAFTA: as a Means of an U.S. Hegemony Creation in the Region?” May 23 2004, http://emreagrasoy.awardspace.com/nafta.pdf)//ahayes
Although U.S. seemed the sole dominant power after the collapse of Soviet AND the world economy and politics it would be sufficient for U.S.
Heg is key to global stability and accesses every major impact – Prevents Great Power War Thayer, 6, Professor of Strategic Studies – Associate Professor of Defense and Strategic Study @ Missouri State University, Former Research Fellow @ International Security Program @ Harvard Belfer Center of Science and International Affairs (Bradley, “In Defense of Primacy,” The National Interest, November/December) A grand strategy based on American primacy means ensuring the United States stays the worldand#39;s AND strongest academic proponents of American primacy due to the economic prosperity it provides.
Protectionism will cause global wars – risks extinction Panzner 8 – faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase (Michael, “Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse,” p. 136-138)
Continuing calls for curbs on the flow of finance and trade will inspire the United AND between Muslims and Western societies as the beginnings of a new world war.
Executive Summary The United States urgently needs a sustained national conversation regarding how to realize AND jobs, imagine what could be accomplished with a truly 21st century border.
We are encouraged by recent efforts by leadership at CBP to achieve our shared AND tradedecreases costs for businesses and provides governments with more accurate and accessible information.
We also think itand#39;s worth noting that even though Obamaand#39;s subject heading for the promise AND is not under and#34;operational control.and#34; We rate this promise a Compromise.
Alt causes resolved now Wogan 8-31-12 J.B. is an intern with PolitiFact “Border is more secure, but not to everyoneand#39;s satisfaction” http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/promises/obameter/promise/286/secure-the-borders/ We also think itand#39;s worth noting that even though Obamaand#39;s subject heading for the promise AND is not under and#34;operational control.and#34; We rate this promise a Compromise.
The Obama administration and the incoming Congress have the opportunity to raise the level of AND infrastructure that can help overcome existing bottlenecks and stimulate development in border communities.
Text: The United States federal government should substantially increase its border transportation infrastructure projects with Mexico Advantage 1 Advantage 1 is nanotech Nanotech industry has the potential to grow but safety needs to be insured Hai-Yong Kang- Ph.D., September 2010 (“A Review of the Emerging Nanotechnology Industry: Materials, Fabrications, and Applications”, http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/TechnologyDevelopment/Nanotechnology/upload/Review_of_Emerging_Nanotech_Industry.pdf CW)
The nanotechnology industry encompasses a wide diversity of potential products and applications. Many nanotech AND way that both encourages economic growth and protects public health and the environment.
The plan revitalizes US-Mexico relations - Infrastructure is key Selee and Wilson, 12 – Andrew, Vice President for Programs and Senior Advisor to the Mexico Institute at the Wilson Center, Christopher, associate with the Mexico Institute (“A New Agenda with Mexico,” Wilson Center, November 2012, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/a_new_agenda_with_mexico.pdf)Red Summary The depth of economic ties with Mexico, together with declines in illegal immigration AND Dakota, New Hampshire, and Georgia, to name just a few.
The fourth item on the HLRCC Work Plan involves the potential alignment of U. AND between the two countries, and will foster the competitiveness of the industry.
Nanotech development is key to solve new diseases that result in extinction – this outweighs the risk of your turns Treder 2005 (Mike Treder, Center for Responsible Nanotechnology, 1-17-2005 http://crnano.typepad.com/crnblog/what_we_believe/index.html)
The second major reason to favor early development is -- if it's done right -- AND , but clearly it could save millions of lives and untold human suffering.
Don’t apply the precautionary principle here – the benefits of nanotech so massively outweigh that a precautionary ethic is inappropriate and counterproductive. Bailey 2004 (Ronald Bailey, Science Correspondent for Reason and former FERC analyst, 12-1-2004)
"THE BEST WAY I can describe it is if you close your eyes AND the burgeoning movement to stop its development until all objections have been satisfied.
Also, Chinese leadership in nanotech causes East Asian instability – leads to war and imperils human survival
Treder ‘4 - Mike, Executive Director of CRN, BS Biology, University of Washington, Research Fellow with the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, a consultant to the Millennium Project of the American Council for the United Nations University and to the Future Technologies Advisory Group, serves on the Nanotech Briefs Editorial Advisory Board, is a member of the New York Academy of Sciences and a member of the World Future Society. (China's Ambitions, September 19, 2004, http://crnano.typepad.com/crnblog/2004/09/chinas_ambition.html)
According to a new article published by the Association for Asian Research, the Chinese AND the real issues that challenge our survival and our future as a species.
Chinese leadership guarantees total annihilation Navrozov ‘4 (Lev, Winner of the Albert Einstein Prize for Outstanding Intellectual Achievements. More than 20 of his articles are in the Congressional Record, “The Center for Responsible Nanotechnology 'Plans Ahead'”, 2-6, http://newsmax.com/archives/articles/2004/2/5/182324.shtml We at the Center for the Survival of Western Democracies, Inc., believe that AND result can rule the world." Surely this is better than nano annihilation.
Advantage 2
Trade with Mexico is increasing but the border infrastructure is slowing it down. Solutions are needed. Wilson 9/13/13 — Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, previously served as a Mexico Analyst for the U.S. Military and as a researcher at American University’s Center for North American Studies, holds an M.A. in International Affairs from American University, 2013 (“Ad-Hoc Hearing: Redefining Border Security: Border Communities Demand to be Heard in the Comprehensive Immigration Debate,” Congressional Testimony, September 13th, Available Online at http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Border20Trade20Testimony_0.pdf
The infrastructure and capacity of the ports of entry to process goods and individuals entering AND and efficiency needs of the official ports of entry could exacerbate this issue. Lack of infrastructure will result in regional trade deterioration – collapses the NAFTA agenda Peters, 09 – Enrique Dussel, professor at the Graduate School of Economics, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (“Manufacturing Competitiveness: Toward a Regional Development Agenda,” The Future of North American Trade Policy: Lessons from NAFTA, Pardee Center, November 2009, http://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/Pubs/rp/PardeeNAFTACh2PetersManufNov09.pdf)Red One of the Mexican government’s goals in signing NAFTA was to expand its manufacturing sector AND little sustained attention to socioeconomic, infrastructure, and other regional development issues.
*Lack of investment in transportation infrastructure is the Achilles heel of NAFTA – the plan is key to prevent collapse Michael C. McClintock (Professor of Law, Gonzaga University School of Law) 2007 “NAFTA'S 13TH YEAR: STEADILY INCREASING TRADE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO, TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CRISIS, BUILDING A "DRY CANAL" ACROSS SOUTHERN MEXICO, AND MORE” 14 Sw. J.L. and Trade Am. 25, Lexis Transportation infrastructure is a significant portion of a nation's wealth so long as efficient freight AND largest manufacturing area of northern Mexico along the U.S. border.
NAFTA is a global model for trade agreements Pastor, 04 – Robert A., Robert A., Professor at and Founding Director of the Center for North American Studies at American University (“North America's Second ` Decade,” Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb 2004)Red North America's second decade poses a distinct challenge for each government. First, the AND continent; it will provide a model for other regions around the world.
Specifically key to provide a model for TPP negotiations Don Cayo (writer for the Vancouver Sun) February 13, 2013 “NAFTA has provided a thoroughly modern template for free trade” http://www.vancouversun.com/business/NAFTA+provided+thoroughly+modern+template+free+trade/7957474/story.html If you think of NAFTA as a recent and thoroughly modern kind of trade agreement AND for free trade - but it sure is leading us into that world.
*Now is key – negotiations are reaching a tipping point. Breakdown unravels the entire negotiations – crushes strategic Asia ‘pivot’ and US leadership Claude Barfield 13 (former consultant to the office of the US Trade Representative and a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute) January 10, 2013 “Crunch time for the TPP” http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2013/01/10/crunch-time-for-the-tpp/ During President Obama’s recent trip to Asia, TPP nations set a deadline of October AND both to other TPP partners and to the US Congress and business community.
Asia pivot key to solve multiple hotspots from escalating to nuclear war Colby 11 – Elbridge Colby, research analyst at the Center for Naval Analyses, served as policy advisor to the Secretary of Defense’s Representative to the New START talks, expert advisor to the Congressional Strategic Posture Commission, August 10, 2011, “Why the U.S. Needs its Liberal Empire,” The Diplomat, online: http://the-diplomat.com/2011/08/10/why-us-needs-its-liberal-empire/2/?print=yes But the pendulum shouldn’t be allowed to swing too far toward an incautious retrenchment. AND The ability and will to intervene is too important to be so wasted.
The plan ensures deep north American economic integration necessary for optimum NAFTA functioning Blank, Golob and Stanley, 06 – *Stephen, Pace University, Stephanie R., Baruch College, *Guy, McGill University (“Staying Alive: North American Competitiveness and the Challenge of Asia,” Pace University Lubin School of Business, 10/1/06, http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1077andamp;context=lubinfaculty_workingpapers)Red The cumulative result of all this cross-border trade and investment has been, AND North American competitiveness, will be as much political will as economic muscle.
NAFTA is key to heg and preventing protectionism – hemispheric integration and liberal institutional support Agrasoy, 4 - Bachelor of Arts degree in International Trade and a Bachelor of Science degree in Management Information Systems from Bogazici University in Istanbul, Turkey, where he specialized in international trade and investment, Master of Arts in Economics from McGill University in Montreal, ROI Research Analyst Director of Operations, Public Sector, overseeing worldwide public sector operations at ROI (Emre, “NAFTA: as a Means of an U.S. Hegemony Creation in the Region?” May 23 2004, http://emreagrasoy.awardspace.com/nafta.pdf)//ahayes
Although U.S. seemed the sole dominant power after the collapse of Soviet AND the world economy and politics it would be sufficient for U.S.
Heg is key to global stability and accesses every major impact – Prevents Great Power War Thayer, 6, Professor of Strategic Studies – Associate Professor of Defense and Strategic Study @ Missouri State University, Former Research Fellow @ International Security Program @ Harvard Belfer Center of Science and International Affairs (Bradley, “In Defense of Primacy,” The National Interest, November/December) A grand strategy based on American primacy means ensuring the United States stays the world's AND strongest academic proponents of American primacy due to the economic prosperity it provides.
Protectionism will cause global wars – risks extinction Panzner 8 – faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase (Michael, “Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse,” p. 136-138)
Continuing calls for curbs on the flow of finance and trade will inspire the United AND between Muslims and Western societies as the beginnings of a new world war.
We are encouraged by recent efforts by leadership at CBP to achieve our shared AND tradedecreases costs for businesses and provides governments with more accurate and accessible information.
The Obama administration and the incoming Congress have the opportunity to raise the level of AND infrastructure that can help overcome existing bottlenecks and stimulate development in border communities.
Alt causes resolved now Wogan 8-31-12 J.B. is an intern with PolitiFact “Border is more secure, but not to everyone's satisfaction” http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/promises/obameter/promise/286/secure-the-borders/ We also think it's worth noting that even though Obama's subject heading for the promise AND is not under "operational control." We rate this promise a Compromise.
Executive Summary The United States urgently needs a sustained national conversation regarding how to realize AND jobs, imagine what could be accomplished with a truly 21st century border.
Text: The United States federal government should substantially increase its border transportation infrastructure projects with Mexico Advantage 1 - reform The plan provides momentum for Nieto’s reform agenda – US action is key Farnsworth and Werz, 11/30/12 – Eric, vice president of the Council of the Americas and Americas Society, and Michael, Senior Fellow at the Center for American Progress (“The United States and Mexico: The Path Forward,” Center For American Progress, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/news/2012/11/30/46430/the-united-states-and-mexico-the-path-forward/)Red Mexico inaugurates a new president on Saturday—Enrique Peña Nieto of the Institutional Revolutionary AND to explaining why our countries are united by much more than a fence.
President Enrique Peña Nieto’s controversial proposals for fiscal and energy reforms were attacked from left AND superfluous spending,” Jose Gonzalez Morfin affirmed in Mexico’s lower house this week.¶ Plan’s a success for Nieto Navarrette, 11/26/12 (Ruben, “To-Do List for Obama and Mexico's New President,” CNN, http://pvangels.com/news-mexico/4362/to-do-list-for-obama-and-mexicos-new-president)Red Those people are now taking another look at the PRI. The way they see AND his party to power, made a wise choice or a bad mistake.
¶ How big could these oil reforms be for Mexico’s economy? Not only will AND been starved of the capital it needs to drill, develop and grow.
Absent oil revenues to reverse Mexican economic decline – Mexico will devolve into a failed state Winter, ‘11 Russ, Sixteen years as a investment broker, wrote an investment blog called Winter Watch for six years. Trade leader with Ditto Trading, “Mexico Could End Up as a Failed State”, Seeking Alpha, Feb 27, http://seekingalpha.com/article/255214-mexico-could-end-up-as-a-failed-state?source=feed )
Money transfers from expats now represent Mexico’s no. 2 source of revenue after proceeds AND hold the double inverse ETF SMK, of the underlying MWW Mexico index.
Escalatory great power wars result. Grygiel ‘9 Jakub, George H.W. Bush Assoc Prof, IR, Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced Int’l Studies, Johns Hopkins U, "Vacuum Wars: The Coming Competition Over Failed States," American Interest, Jul/Aug, http://www.the-american-interest.com/article.cfm?piece=622 First and foremost, if we take the traditional view, failed states may pose AND quickly in order to limit the possibility of intervention by other great powers.
Foreign investment in the energy sector is key to solve the drug war Reyes, NBC, 4-29-13 (Raul, “Opinion: President Obama has the chance to improve US/Mexico relations,” http://nbclatino.com/2013/04/29/opinion-president-obama-has-the-chance-to-improve-usmexico-relations/, accessed- 6-30-13, RRR) This week, President Obama is off to Mexico and Costa Rica for a three AND was in June, for the G-20 summit in Los Cabos. The U.S. and Mexico are as tightly bound as siblings, and often just as dysfunctional. While both governments are concerned with immigration and drug violence, President Obama must forge a more positive, productive partnership. Mexico is enjoying remarkable economic growth, and Obama neglects our southern neighbor at his own peril. Obama will arrive in Mexico with good and bad news. On the positive side AND worse, America’s demand for illegal drugs fuels the growth of these cartels. However, Obama would be wise to recognize that relations with Mexico should not center on these issues alone. As president-elect, Peña Nieto wrote in The Washington Post that, “It is a mistake to limit our bilateral relationship to drugs and security concerns. Our mutual interests are too vast and complex to be restricted in this short-sighted way.” He wants a deeper relationship, one that is defined by shared economic goals. That’s the smart way forward. Since 2008, Mexico has seen steady economic growth AND make the country safer, as the cartels generally leave multinational operations alone. Politically, Obama cannot afford to take Mexico for granted. Consider that Mexico has AND to be more supportive of U.S. policies for the region. True, there are legitimate reasons why Mexico has been viewed warily by past administrations AND , and he may even allow foreign investment in its state oil company.
Drug cartels cause nuclear terrorism—U.S. relations are key. Shanker, New York Times-Pentagon correspondent, 13 Thom, 5/30/13, New York Times, “Globalization Creates a New Worry: Enemy Convergence,” http://atwar.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/30/globalization-creates-a-new-worry-enemy-convergence/?ref=drugtraffickingand_r=0, accessed 6/29/13, MC Drug cartels along America’s southern border, whose smuggling operations move contraband and people into the United States, might come to make common cause with terrorist or militant organizations to bring in weapons or bomber makers. “I think that’s a very possible and very dangerous business model, and you have to prevent narco-businessmen crossing those streams with the terrorists,” Admiral Stavridis said. “What the narco-confederacies offer are routes, the trafficking capabilities — moving AND of inducement — for the right amount of money — it could happen.” He said there were signs already of operatives “with a foot in both camps AND as dean of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. Assessing other significant transformations to the modern way of war, Admiral Stavridis underscored the sea change in the amount and movement of information on the battlefield. “My smartphone has more communications capability, and can manage more information than the $500 million destroyer I first sailed in 1977,” he said. “And that’s by orders of magnitude.” He gave the military only a “B+” grade for its abilities to leverage the revolution of information, including the emergence of social networks, in reshaping the ways local populations interact among themselves and with their governments. Also worrisome, he said, is how adversaries show great agility in using information against the United States and its allies. The future of security for the United States is to build up its own physical networks of alliances, coalitions and partnerships, he said. “The 20th century was all about building walls: The Maginot Line, the Siegfried Line, the Iron Curtain, the Bamboo Curtain and the Berlin Wall — we built walls everywhere,” Admiral Stavridis said. “How did that work for us? Sixty million dead in two world wars, a continent destroyed in Europe and much of Asia destroyed, as well.” For the 21st century, he said, “We cannot create security with walls. You have to build bridges. It will be all about alliances and coalitions. And the military has to build bridges to the civilian sectors to create security.
A nuclear attack on even one city could crash the world economy and kill millions. Graham, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs director; 4/23/08 Douglas Dillon Professor of Government, Harvard Kennedy School, Belfer Center at Harvard, "Nuclear Attack a Worst-Case Reality?,” http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/18230/nuclear_attack_a_worstcase_reality.html, accessed 6/30/13, MC Homeland Security Undersecretary Charles Allen confirmed Mr. Tenet's view in his Senate testimony earlier AND a nuclear 9/11 be a game-changer? You bet. Consider the consequences of even a single nuclear bomb exploding in just one U.S. city. Researchers at the Rand Corp., a U.S. government-funded think tank, estimated that a nuclear explosion at the Port of Long Beach, Calif., would cause immediate indirect costs worldwide of more than $3 trillion and that shutting down U.S. ports would cut world trade by 10 percent. The negative economic repercussions would reverberate well beyond the developed world. As former U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan warned, "Were a nuclear terrorist attack to occur, it would cause not only widespread death and destruction, but would stagger the world economy and thrust tens of millions of people into dire poverty," creating "a second death toll throughout the developing world."
Advantage 2
Infrastructure needed on border NOW – trade deterioration and NAFTA falling behind CAGTC, 10-21-13 http://www.prweb.com/releases/2013/10/prweb11252188.htm The Coalition for America’s Gateways and Corridors (CAGTC) published a report today that AND must make a commitment to increasing trade through improved efficiency at our borders.”
Infrastructure problems hurts both Mexican and US economy, strengthening the ties is reliant upon the US Woodrow Wilson Center Mexico Institute 9 (The United States and Mexico: Towards a Strategic Partnership, A report of four working groups on US-Mexico Relations, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/The20U.S.20and20Mexico.20Towards20a20Strategic20Partnership.pdf) Crises o?er challenges and opportunities for long term strategies. The current downturn highlights, AND economic issues and allow them to address major challenges that economic integration produces.
Nuke war results Royal 10 – Jedediah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215 Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict AND not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.
The plan ensures deep north American economic integration necessary for optimum NAFTA functioning Blank, Golob and Stanley, 06 – *Stephen, Pace University, Stephanie R., Baruch College, *Guy, McGill University (“Staying Alive: North American Competitiveness and the Challenge of Asia,” Pace University Lubin School of Business, 10/1/06, http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1077andamp;context=lubinfaculty_workingpapers)Red The cumulative result of all this cross-border trade and investment has been, AND that is adequate to the challenge of melding the NAFTA and global flows. The question hanging over governments, entrepreneurs, and other ‘stakeholders’ in NAFTA AND North American competitiveness, will be as much political will as economic muscle.
TPP won’t pass now –showing we can take leadership of our trade agreements is key to passage and pivot to Asia Brinkley 10/11 Joel Brinkley is the Hearst Visiting Professional in Residence. Brinkley joined the Department of Communication in the fall of 2006 after a 23-year career with The New York Times. There, he served as a reporter, editor and Pulitzer Prize winning foreign correspondent. (Joel, “Shutdown is damaging U.S. reputation abroad,” http://www.kansascity.com/2013/10/11/4547281/shutdown-is-damaging-us-reputation.html, Accessed 10/30/13, AZHU)
The shutdown is damaging America’s foreign policy in ways that may not be recoverable. AND now, many Asian nations see that as more rhetoric than anything else.
NAFTA Specifically key to provide a model for TPP negotiations Don Cayo (writer for the Vancouver Sun) February 13, 2013 “NAFTA has provided a thoroughly modern template for free trade” http://www.vancouversun.com/business/NAFTA+provided+thoroughly+modern+template+free+trade/7957474/story.html If you think of NAFTA as a recent and thoroughly modern kind of trade agreement AND for free trade - but it sure is leading us into that world.
Asia pivot key to solve multiple hotspots from escalating to nuclear war Colby 11 – Elbridge Colby, research analyst at the Center for Naval Analyses, served as policy advisor to the Secretary of Defense’s Representative to the New START talks, expert advisor to the Congressional Strategic Posture Commission, August 10, 2011, “Why the U.S. Needs its Liberal Empire,” The Diplomat, online: http://the-diplomat.com/2011/08/10/why-us-needs-its-liberal-empire/2/?print=yes But the pendulum shouldn’t be allowed to swing too far toward an incautious retrenchment. AND The ability and will to intervene is too important to be so wasted.
NAFTA is key to heg and preventing protectionism – hemispheric integration and liberal institutional support Agrasoy, 4 - Bachelor of Arts degree in International Trade and a Bachelor of Science degree in Management Information Systems from Bogazici University in Istanbul, Turkey, where he specialized in international trade and investment, Master of Arts in Economics from McGill University in Montreal, ROI Research Analyst Director of Operations, Public Sector, overseeing worldwide public sector operations at ROI (Emre, “NAFTA: as a Means of an U.S. Hegemony Creation in the Region?” May 23 2004, http://emreagrasoy.awardspace.com/nafta.pdf)//ahayes
Although U.S. seemed the sole dominant power after the collapse of Soviet AND vehicle for the more ambitious project of building a RIA for the entire hemisphere . It did not quite work out that way. The idea was to widen AND the world economy and politics it would be sufficient for U.S. Hegemony solves nuclear war, arms races, and instability – overwhelming statistical evidence Brooks, Ikenberry, and Wohlforth ’13 (Stephen, Associate Professor of Government at AND . 3 (Winter 2012/13), pp. 7–51)
A core premise of deep engagement is that it prevents the emergence of a far AND a higher likelihood of competitive regional proxy wars and arming of client states—
all of which would be concerning, in part because it would promote a faster AND that of potential rivals is by many measures growing rather than shrinking. 85
Protectionism will cause global wars – risks extinction Panzner 8 – faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase (Michael, “Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse,” p. 136-138)
Continuing calls for curbs on the flow of finance and trade will inspire the United AND between Muslims and Western societies as the beginnings of a new world war.
We are encouraged by recent efforts by leadership at CBP to achieve our shared AND tradedecreases costs for businesses and provides governments with more accurate and accessible information.
Alt causes resolved now Wogan 8-31-12 J.B. is an intern with PolitiFact “Border is more secure, but not to everyone's satisfaction” http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/promises/obameter/promise/286/secure-the-borders/ We also think it's worth noting that even though Obama's subject heading for the promise AND is not under "operational control." We rate this promise a Compromise.
Executive Summary The United States urgently needs a sustained national conversation regarding how to realize AND The basic idea is that developing a modern and secure border infrastructure will give
an added boost to our region’s safety and competitiveness in the world. Much AND jobs, imagine what could be accomplished with a truly 21st century border.
11/2/13
1AC St Marks
Tournament: St Marks Round Robin | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1 | Judge: 1 Plan
Text: The United States federal government should substantially increase its border transportation infrastructure projects with Mexico Advantage 1 - reform The plan provides momentum for Nieto’s reform agenda – US action is key Farnsworth and Werz, 11/30/12 – Eric, vice president of the Council of the Americas and Americas Society, and Michael, Senior Fellow at the Center for American Progress (“The United States and Mexico: The Path Forward,” Center For American Progress, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/news/2012/11/30/46430/the-united-states-and-mexico-the-path-forward/)Red Mexico inaugurates a new president on Saturday—Enrique Peña Nieto of the Institutional Revolutionary AND to explaining why our countries are united by much more than a fence.
President Enrique Peña Nieto’s controversial proposals for fiscal and energy reforms were attacked from left AND superfluous spending,” Jose Gonzalez Morfin affirmed in Mexico’s lower house this week.¶ Plan’s a success for Nieto Navarrette, 11/26/12 (Ruben, “To-Do List for Obama and Mexico's New President,” CNN, http://pvangels.com/news-mexico/4362/to-do-list-for-obama-and-mexicos-new-president)Red Those people are now taking another look at the PRI. The way they see AND his party to power, made a wise choice or a bad mistake.
¶ How big could these oil reforms be for Mexico’s economy? Not only will AND been starved of the capital it needs to drill, develop and grow.
Absent oil revenues to reverse Mexican economic decline – Mexico will devolve into a failed state Winter, 11 - Sixteen years as a investment broker, wrote an investment blog called Winter Watch for six years. Trade leader with Ditto Trading. (Russ, “Mexico Could End Up as a Failed State”, Seeking Alpha, 2/27/2011, http://seekingalpha.com/article/255214-mexico-could-end-up-as-a-failed-state?source=feed)//JL Money transfers from expats now represent Mexico’s no. 2 source of revenue after proceeds AND hold the double inverse ETF SMK, of the underlying MWW Mexico index.
WMD proliferation, disease, ethnic cleansing, terrorism all result – ensures nuclear war. Manwaring ‘5 – adjunct professor of international politics at Dickinson(Max G., Retired U.S. Army colonel, Venezuela’s Hugo Chávez, Bolivarian Socialism, and Asymmetric Warfare, October 2005, pg. PUB628.pdf) President Chávez also understands that the process leading to state failure is the most dangerous long-term security challenge facing the global community today. The argument in general is that failing and failed state status is the breeding ground for instability, criminality, insurgency, regional conflict, and terrorism. These conditions breed massive humanitarian disasters and major refugee flows. They can host “evil” networks of all kinds, whether they involve criminal business enterprise, narco-trafficking, or some form of ideological crusade such as Bolivarianismo. More specifically, these conditions spawn all kinds of things people in general do not like such as murder, kidnapping, corruption, intimidation, and destruction of infrastructure. These means of coercion and persuasion can spawn further human rights violations, torture, poverty, starvation, disease, the recruitment and use of child soldiers, trafficking in women and body parts, trafficking and proliferation of conventional weapons systems and WMD, genocide, ethnic cleansing, warlordism, and criminal anarchy. At the same time, these actions are usually unconfined and spill over into regional syndromes of poverty, destabilization, and conflict.62 Peru’s Sendero Luminoso calls violent and destructive activities that facilitate the processes of state failure “armed propaganda.” Drug cartels operating throughout the Andean Ridge of South America and elsewhere call these activities “business incentives.” Chávez considers these actions to be steps that must be taken to bring about the political conditions necessary to establish Latin American socialism for the 21st century.63 Thus, in addition to helping to provide wider latitude to further their tactical and operational objectives, state and nonstate actors’ strategic efforts are aimed at progressively lessening a targeted regime’s credibility and capability in terms of its ability and willingness to govern and develop its national territory and society. Chávez’s intent is to focus his primary attack politically and psychologically on selected Latin American governments’ ability and right to govern. In that context, he understands that popular perceptions of corruption, disenfranchisement, poverty, and lack of upward mobility limit the right and the ability of a given regime to conduct the business of the state. Until a given populace generally perceives that its government is dealing with these and other basic issues of political, economic, and social injustice fairly and effectively, instability and the threat of subverting or destroying such a government are real.64 But failing and failed states simply do not go away. Virtually anyone can take advantage of such an unstable situation. The tendency is that the best motivated and best armed organization on the scene will control that instability. As a consequence, failing and failed states become dysfunctional states, rogue states, criminal states, narco-states, or new people’s democracies. In connection with the creation of new people’s democracies, one can rest assured that Chávez and his Bolivarian populist allies will be available to provide money, arms, and leadership at any given opportunity. And, of course, the longer dysfunctional, rogue, criminal, and narco-states and people’s democracies persist, the more they and their associated problems endanger global security, peace, and prosperity.65
Advantage 2
Trade with Mexico is increasing but the border infrastructure is slowing it down. Solutions are needed. Wilson 9/13/13 — Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, previously served as a Mexico Analyst for the U.S. Military and as a researcher at American University’s Center for North American Studies, holds an M.A. in International Affairs from American University, 2013 (“Ad-Hoc Hearing: Redefining Border Security: Border Communities Demand to be Heard in the Comprehensive Immigration Debate,” Congressional Testimony, September 13th, Available Online at http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Border20Trade20Testimony_0.pdf
The infrastructure and capacity of the ports of entry to process goods and individuals entering AND and efficiency needs of the official ports of entry could exacerbate this issue. Lack of infrastructure will result in regional trade deterioration – collapses the NAFTA agenda Peters, 09 – Enrique Dussel, professor at the Graduate School of Economics, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (“Manufacturing Competitiveness: Toward a Regional Development Agenda,” The Future of North American Trade Policy: Lessons from NAFTA, Pardee Center, November 2009, http://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/Pubs/rp/PardeeNAFTACh2PetersManufNov09.pdf)Red One of the Mexican government’s goals in signing NAFTA was to expand its manufacturing sector AND little sustained attention to socioeconomic, infrastructure, and other regional development issues.
*Lack of investment in transportation infrastructure is the Achilles heel of NAFTA – the plan is key to prevent collapse Michael C. McClintock (Professor of Law, Gonzaga University School of Law) 2007 “NAFTA'S 13TH YEAR: STEADILY INCREASING TRADE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO, TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CRISIS, BUILDING A "DRY CANAL" ACROSS SOUTHERN MEXICO, AND MORE” 14 Sw. J.L. and Trade Am. 25, Lexis Transportation infrastructure is a significant portion of a nation's wealth so long as efficient freight AND largest manufacturing area of northern Mexico along the U.S. border.
NAFTA is a global model for trade agreements Pastor, 04 – Robert A., Robert A., Professor at and Founding Director of the Center for North American Studies at American University (“North America's Second ` Decade,” Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb 2004)Red North America's second decade poses a distinct challenge for each government. First, the AND continent; it will provide a model for other regions around the world.
Specifically key to provide a model for TPP negotiations Don Cayo (writer for the Vancouver Sun) February 13, 2013 “NAFTA has provided a thoroughly modern template for free trade” http://www.vancouversun.com/business/NAFTA+provided+thoroughly+modern+template+free+trade/7957474/story.html If you think of NAFTA as a recent and thoroughly modern kind of trade agreement AND for free trade - but it sure is leading us into that world.
*Now is key – negotiations are reaching a tipping point. Breakdown unravels the entire negotiations – crushes strategic Asia ‘pivot’ and US leadership Claude Barfield 13 (former consultant to the office of the US Trade Representative and a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute) January 10, 2013 “Crunch time for the TPP” http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2013/01/10/crunch-time-for-the-tpp/ During President Obama’s recent trip to Asia, TPP nations set a deadline of October AND both to other TPP partners and to the US Congress and business community.
Asia pivot key to solve multiple hotspots from escalating to nuclear war Colby 11 – Elbridge Colby, research analyst at the Center for Naval Analyses, served as policy advisor to the Secretary of Defense’s Representative to the New START talks, expert advisor to the Congressional Strategic Posture Commission, August 10, 2011, “Why the U.S. Needs its Liberal Empire,” The Diplomat, online: http://the-diplomat.com/2011/08/10/why-us-needs-its-liberal-empire/2/?print=yes But the pendulum shouldn’t be allowed to swing too far toward an incautious retrenchment. AND The ability and will to intervene is too important to be so wasted.
The plan ensures deep north American economic integration necessary for optimum NAFTA functioning Blank, Golob and Stanley, 06 – *Stephen, Pace University, Stephanie R., Baruch College, *Guy, McGill University (“Staying Alive: North American Competitiveness and the Challenge of Asia,” Pace University Lubin School of Business, 10/1/06, http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1077andamp;context=lubinfaculty_workingpapers)Red The cumulative result of all this cross-border trade and investment has been, AND that is adequate to the challenge of melding the NAFTA and global flows. The question hanging over governments, entrepreneurs, and other ‘stakeholders’ in NAFTA AND North American competitiveness, will be as much political will as economic muscle.
NAFTA is key to heg and preventing protectionism – hemispheric integration and liberal institutional support Agrasoy, 4 - Bachelor of Arts degree in International Trade and a Bachelor of Science degree in Management Information Systems from Bogazici University in Istanbul, Turkey, where he specialized in international trade and investment, Master of Arts in Economics from McGill University in Montreal, ROI Research Analyst Director of Operations, Public Sector, overseeing worldwide public sector operations at ROI (Emre, “NAFTA: as a Means of an U.S. Hegemony Creation in the Region?” May 23 2004, http://emreagrasoy.awardspace.com/nafta.pdf)//ahayes
Although U.S. seemed the sole dominant power after the collapse of Soviet AND vehicle for the more ambitious project of building a RIA for the entire hemisphere . It did not quite work out that way. The idea was to widen AND the world economy and politics it would be sufficient for U.S.
Heg is key to global stability and accesses every major impact – Prevents Great Power War Thayer, 6, Professor of Strategic Studies – Associate Professor of Defense and Strategic Study @ Missouri State University, Former Research Fellow @ International Security Program @ Harvard Belfer Center of Science and International Affairs (Bradley, “In Defense of Primacy,” The National Interest, November/December) A grand strategy based on American primacy means ensuring the United States stays the world's AND allows them to use the power of the United States for their own purposes , ¬their own protection, or to gain greater influence. Of 192 countries, AND strongest academic proponents of American primacy due to the economic prosperity it provides.
Protectionism will cause global wars – risks extinction Panzner 8 – faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase (Michael, “Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse,” p. 136-138)
Continuing calls for curbs on the flow of finance and trade will inspire the United AND between Muslims and Western societies as the beginnings of a new world war.
We are encouraged by recent efforts by leadership at CBP to achieve our shared AND tradedecreases costs for businesses and provides governments with more accurate and accessible information.
The Obama administration and the incoming Congress have the opportunity to raise the level of AND infrastructure that can help overcome existing bottlenecks and stimulate development in border communities.
Alt causes resolved now Wogan 8-31-12 J.B. is an intern with PolitiFact “Border is more secure, but not to everyone's satisfaction” http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/promises/obameter/promise/286/secure-the-borders/ We also think it's worth noting that even though Obama's subject heading for the promise AND is not under "operational control." We rate this promise a Compromise.
Executive Summary The United States urgently needs a sustained national conversation regarding how to realize AND jobs, imagine what could be accomplished with a truly 21st century border.
11/1/13
2AC Addons
Tournament: Wake Forest 2013 | Round: 1 | Opponent: John Doe | Judge: John Doe Agriculture Add-On U.S. agriculture exports are facing a crisis of competitiveness AgriMoney, 12 - investors' link to the food chain. The increasing numbers of mouths to feed, the demand for ever-more sophisticated diets, and the potential for turning food into fuel has turned the growing business into big business. Agriculture, to which financial markets owe a debt of history, is back at the forefront of investment thinking. (“US crop exports face 'crisis of competitiveness'”, Agrimoney.Com, 2/20/12, http://www.agrimoney.com/news/us-crop-exports-face-crisis-of-competitiveness~-~-4179.html)//GP
US grain exporters face a "crisis of competitiveness" which is seeing foreign rivals AND ripe conditions for the spread of fungi, including those which produce vomitoxin.
Description: The passage of the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) set in AND regulators, offers the potential for expanding and streamlining trade in agricultural products.
US agriculture is key to solving global famine. USDA PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE CALIFORNIA, 2003. www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/ppqca/brochure.html
The United States is by far the world's largest exporter of agricultural commodities, a AND America's fields, forests, and farms to markets all over the world.
In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning AND that contribute to global instability and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. With the world population expected to grow from 6 billion people today to 9 billion AND that the growing world population will need vastly more basic food to eat. Complicating a solution to this problem is a dynamic that must be better understood in AND we will have to produce an annual average of 25 tonnes per hectare. Can we possibly boost output that much? Well, it’s been done before. Advances in the use of fertilizer and water, improved machinery and better tilling techniques combined to generate a threefold increase in yields since 1935 – on our farm back then, my dad produced 2.8 to 3 tonnes per hectare. Much US agriculture has seen similar increases. But of course there is no guarantee that we can achieve those results again. AND research will generate the innovations that will be necessary to feed the world. The United States can take a leading position in a productivity revolution. And our success at increasing food production may play a decisive humanitarian role in the survival of billions of people and the health of our planet.
The Mexican Petroleum industry has long been defined by an over-reliance on major AND deepwater exploration will be up for tender in the first quarter of 2012.
Oil Spills collapse the ecosystem – causes extinction Adams 10 – The results of an oil spill (Mike, “The Guld Oil Spill: An Extinction Level Event?”, Blogspot, 5/9/10, http://coyoteprime-runningcauseicantfly.blogspot.com/2010/05/gulf-oil-spill-extinction-level-event.html)//MM The possibility of an extinction event? It's hard to say exactly what's going on AND extinction event that will crash the human population by 90 percent or more.
10/16/13
AT Dedev
Tournament: Wake Forest 2013 | Round: 1 | Opponent: John Doe | Judge: John Doe Growth is sustainable – empirics and statistics prove Baumol, Litan and Schramm, 2007 - William J, professor of economics at NYU, Robert E., Senior Fellow of Economic Studies at the Brookings Institute, and Carl J., President and chief executive officer of the Kauffman Foundation (Good Capitalism, Bad Capitalism, and the Economics of Growth and Prosperity, book
One line of skepticism about growth arises from individuals and groups who worry that as AND — and are able to grow far more food at the same time.
No mindset shift - elites Richard Heinberg, Member of the Core Faculty at the New College of California and Writer on Energy Resource Issues, “Power Down: Options and Actions for a Post-Carbon World”, 2004, p. 167-168
There is no need to belabor the point: the people of this world whose AND are encouraged to deny short-comings and to blame competitors or subordinates.
Growth solves environment and decline worsens it—Speth is wrong Adler 8 – Jonathan H. Adler, Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Business Law and Regulation at Case Western Reserve University School of Law, Fall 2008, “Green Bridge to Nowhere,” The New Atlantis, online: http://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/green-bridge-to-nowhere
According to Speth, “most environmental deterioration is a result of systemic failures of AND system. Nations with greater commitment to capitalist institutions experience greater environmental performance. While Speth occasionally acknowledges pockets of environmental progress, he hardly stops to consider the AND how the capitalist system he decries creates the incentives that drive this trend. Were it not for market-driven advances in technological capability and ecological efficiency, AND is used and disposed of, reducing overall environmental impacts from productive activity. The key to such improvements is the same set of institutional arrangements that Speth so AND , that occupy the attention of Speth and so many other environmental thinkers.
Growth’s a pre-requsitie to transition Scorse, 6 - Associate Professor Chair of the International Environmental Policy Program Monterey Institute of International Studies Institute (Jason, “Confusing capitalism with industrialization,” 8/2, http://www.grist.org/article/confusing-capitalism-with-industrialization/)
In conversations with many environmentalists (and others) I AND into account by producers so that incentives exist to shift towards cleaner technologies.
10/16/13
AT Eurocentrism K
Tournament: Wake Forest 2013 | Round: 1 | Opponent: John Doe | Judge: John Doe Turn—rejecting reform of institutions of domination makes the entire postcolonial project self-defeating Dirlik 98 – Prof Social Science, History and Anthropology, U Oregon (Arif, The Postcolonial Aura, p ix, AG)
Postcolonial criticism has quickly spent its critical power, however, as its questioning of AND arguments against collective identities that are necessary to struggles against domination and hegemony.
Focusing on colonial reps undermines the possibility of solving the root causes of their critique—this is an impact turn to their framework that only the perm can solve Goss 96 – Aboriginal Resource and Research Centre, New South Wales (Jasper, Postcolonialism, Third World Quarterly 17:2)
In some cases postcolonial theory has contributed to formulating new sets of ideas, but AND their heterogeneous constructions and histories can still have force as structures and institutions.
As established and practised in the Anglo-American academy, postcolonial theory has been AND as "hybridity" and "identity politics") acquire more theoretical legitimacy.
They replicate the error of representing others Thomas 94 – senior research fellow, Australian National University (Nicholas, Colonialism’s Culture, p 158-9)
Critics of colonial discourse often write, unavoidably, from within the terrain that they AND colonial studies cannot take the identities of colonists as an unproblematic reference point.
Double bind—playing up the violence of colonialism discursively replicates this violence Goss 96 – Aboriginal Resource and Research Centre, New South Wales (Jasper, Postcolonialism, Third World Quarterly 17:2)
Gates argues that postcolonial theory has created its own double bind whereby one can choose AND door an unexamined totality; it projects globally what are but local experiences.
Postcolonialism is inevitably co-opted to legitimize colonialism Dirlik 99 – Prof Social Science, History and Anthropology, U Oregon (Arif, How the grinch hijacked radicalism, Postcolonial Studies 2:2)
In the light of what I have observed above with reference to the re- AND marginal in certain ways, but represent new forms of power in others.
They legitimize atrocity Williams 97 – visiting fellow, Afrika-Studiecentrum (Adebayo, The postcolonial flaneur and other fellow-travellers, Third World Quarterly 18:5, AG)
Postcolonialism, as it is marked by the concept of hybridity, is a symptom AND legitimate demands for his distinct nationality within the realities of a multinational Nigeria.
10/16/13
AT Syria
Tournament: Wake Forest 2013 | Round: 1 | Opponent: John Doe | Judge: John Doe Now the plan is popular in congress:
A. Plan is spun economically Doyle, 12 –International Trade department of the World Bank, He has spent 32 years working within the domain of Customs and Border Management where he has held a number of positions within the Irish Revenue Commissioners, the European Commission, the Cyprus Government, and with the international consultancy company Accenture, (Tom, “Collaborative border management”, updated 12-07-2012, World Customs Journal, http://www.sbordersolutions.com/media/cms_page_media/4/Doyle.pdf) Traditionally, the role of Customs and other border management agencies has been the ‘ AND to a single organisation should not overshadow the achievement of wider national objectives.
B. Plan is viewed as security which is popular Andreas, 11 - Assistant Professor of Political Science and International Studies at Brown University, principal investigator for three projects at the Watson Institute e, academy scholar at the Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies, a research fellow at the Brookings Institution, SSRC-MacArthur Foundation Fellow on International Peace and Security, doctorate from Cornell University, (Peter, “U.S.-Mexico Border Control in a Changing Economic and Security Context”, 07/07/11, http://www.wilsoncenter.net/sites/default/files/Mexico.PolicyBulletin.Jan.05.pdf)//ahayes As the task of border controls has become more difficult, looking for answers beyond AND against particular smuggling organizations has not translated into a successful reduction of smuggling.
No link uniqueness – MAP 21 was tied to Obama and was political unpopular - that’s balido
Vote no – debate is congress, plan has already been proposed so capital was already used
No link - Econ is distinct from immigration reform Shapiro, 12/3/12 – Charles, President, Institute of the Americas (“It is time for President Barack Obama and President Enrique Peña Nieto to transform U.S.-Mexican bilateral relations into a true partnership,” Americas Society/Council of the Americas, http://www.as-coa.org/articles/viewpoints-what-should-top-priority-be-us-mexican-relations)Red At the 2009 Summit of the Americas, President Barack Obama stressed that he wanted AND Alliance. That’s how to generate growth in all three North American nations.
Capital is irrelevant Dickinson, ‘9 Matthew, professor of political science at Middlebury College and taught previously at Harvard University where he worked under the supervision of presidential scholar Richard Neustadt, “Presidential Power: A NonPartisan Analysis of Presidential Politics,” 5-26, “Sotomayor, Obama and Presidential Power,” http://blogs.middlebury.edu/presidentialpower/2009/05/26/sotamayor-obama-and-presidential-power/ As for Sotomayor, from here the path toward almost certain confirmation goes as follows AND has already occurred, in the decision to present Sotomayor as his nominee.
Rep. Benjamin Quayle said Wednesday that it was “absurd” for President Obama AND and enforcement, said the president’s proposal was another call for “amnesty.”
DA not logical opportunity cost – policymaker could do both