General Actions:
Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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Districts | 1 | Norfolk | Brian Goodbrake |
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Districts | 5 | Millard West PM | Panel of 3 |
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Westside | 1 | West Des Moines Valley CM | Clint Clevinger |
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Tournament | Round | Report |
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Districts | 1 | Opponent: Norfolk | Judge: Brian Goodbrake SCOTUS Embargo Aff with extra cards |
Westside | 1 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley CM | Judge: Clint Clevinger 1AC Cuban Embargo- I Law- HegASATs Transition |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Entry | Date |
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Mexican Medicare AffTournament: Districts | Round: 5 | Opponent: Millard West PM | Judge: Panel of 3 1AC – PlanPlan: The United States federal government should develop a Medicare insurance program with the Mexican Ministry of Health to provide health services to Medicare beneficiaries in Mexico.1AC – Aging CrisisAdvantage 1 is the Aging Crisis –The mass retirement of Baby Boomers is a looming demographic tsunami – Medicare costs will soon exceed the entire federal budgetHaas, Ph.D. and Poli Sci Professor, 7 – Mark, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Political Science at Duquesne University, "A Geriatric Peace? The Future of U.S. Power in a World of Aging Populations," International Security, Vol. 32, No. 1 (Summer 2007), pp. 112–147. Available online @ Harvard Belfer Center, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/is3201_pp112-147.pdf-http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/is3201_pp112-147.pdf. BR Like the other great powers, the United States is an aging society. Consequently We control timeframe – Medicare assets will be exhausted by 2017Haims and Dick 12 – Marla C. Haims (Former RAND Global Health Initiative Director, Ph.D. and M.S. in industrial and systems engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison; B.A. in psychology, Miami University) and Andrew W. Dick (Senior RAND Economic analyst, Ph.D. in economics, Stanford University), "Extending U.S. Medicare to Mexico; Why It’s Important to Consider and What Can Be Done," Fall 2012, article 5, http://www.rand.org/pubs/periodicals/health-quarterly/issues/v2/n3/05.html-http://www.rand.org/pubs/periodicals/health-quarterly/issues/v2/n3/05.html. BR Medicare is facing very severe financial difficulties—worse than the more publicized financial woes These costs create an aging crisis – huge entitlement costs cause the U.S. to retreat from the world – that causes retrenchment and crushes international initiativesHaas 7 – Mark, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Political Science at Duquesne University, "A Geriatric Peace? The Future of U.S. Power in a World of Aging Populations," International Security, Vol. 32, No. 1 (Summer 2007), pp. 112–147. Available online @ Harvard Belfer Center, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/is3201_pp112-147.pdf-http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/is3201_pp112-147.pdf. BR Independently, international problem-solving resolves several scenarios for extinction, like warming and economic collapseFeffer 9 John, Fellow at Open Society Foundation, co-director of Foreign Policy in Focus, an international affairs online news service and journal. "World Beat," FPIF, Feb 17. Vol. 4 No. 7. Lexis. The neoconservative movement thrilled to what it called the "unipolar moment." After the Scientific consensus that warming is real, anthropogenic and causes extinctionFlournoy ’12 (Don Flournoy, PhD and MA from the University of Texas In the Online Journal of Space Communication, Dr. Feng Hsu, a NASA Defense spending is on the brink post-sequestration – the longer we wait to check Medicare, the deeper and more damaging the cutsHeritage Foundation 11 — Ask Heritage, "Will Congress Defend the Military?," http://www.askheritage.org/will-congress-defend-the-military/-http://www.askheritage.org/will-congress-defend-the-military/. BR Those issues are nothing to gloss over, even though some in Washington would like ====Specifically, failure to curb rising Medicare cost projections makes cuts to aircraft carriers inevitable ==== During the Vietnam War, the phrase "guns versus butter" described the clash ====Carriers are the centerpiece of U.S. power and they’re on the brink – cuts decimate air power and hotspot de-escalation ==== Throughout the history of carrier aviation, it has been said that the first thing Air power is indispensable in checking 16 hot-spot scenarios for catastrophic nuclear war*Power projection, deterrence, China, North Korea, Iran, space weapons, EMPs, cyberwarfare, Arctic security, energy dependence, water wars, failed states, irregular warfare, Pakistan, Taiwan Deterrence Strategy In stark contrast to the bipolar Cold War nuclear setting, today’s security ====Scaling back causes a quick transition war because the power vacuum triggers perception-based escalation==== "Heg bad" isn’t offense – the U.S. will always attempt to retain primacy using Air and Sea power, but scaling back land power is uniquely dangerousThayer, former Harvard Fellow and Dartmouth Professor, 7 – Fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and has taught at Dartmouth College. ~Bradley A. American Empire: A Debate. Routledge Press: Taylor and Francis Group, NY. P. 116-117~BR ====Deep American engagement prevents full-scale great power war – data and qualified scholarship prove we control the key internal link to all conflict escalation ==== A core premise of deep engagement is that it prevents the emergenceof a far more Overall Medicare costs would be substantially slashed – savings could reach 35-70Ibarra 11 – Sociology Professor @ University of New Mexico – Roberto, "The Initiative to extend Medicare into Mexico," Health, Culture and Society: Volume 1, No. 1, http://hcs.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/hcs/article/view/55/84. BR In 2009, a non-profit organization called the Americans for Medicare in Mexico 1AC – IHAsAdvantage 2 is Modeling –Other countries are pressing for international Medicare access – expanding Medicare to Mexico opens the door for other international health agreements (IHAs)Forbes 9 – Business journal, "Medicare In Mexico," Sept 4, http://www.forbes.com/2009/09/04/mexico-medicare-retirees-personal-finance-health-care.html-http://www.forbes.com/2009/09/04/mexico-medicare-retirees-personal-finance-health-care.html. BR The U.S. government should pick up the cost of health care for Demonstrating success is key – the plan is the largest Medicare demo project ever, and spills over to broader international coverageAARO 9 – Association of American Residents Overseas, Americans for Medicare in Mexico, A.C. (AMMAC) is a legally constituted Mexican non-profit organization dedicated to bringing Medicare coverage to eligible seniors living in Mexico. "Support sought for Demonstration Project for Medicare coverage in Mexico," http://aaro.org/index.php?option=com_content26view=article26id=144:aaro-endorses-proposal-for-medicare-demonstration-project-in-mexico26catid=23:medicare26Itemid=27-http://aaro.org/index.php?option=com_content26view=article26id=144:aaro-endorses-proposal-for-medicare-demonstration-project-in-mexico26catid=23:medicare26Itemid=27. BR Demonstration Projects are the limited-scale experiments that Medicare undertakes to test innovations in TWO IMPACTS –FIRST, LATIN AMERICA –New health agreements immediately transform US-Latin America relations – the plan is a low-cost, low-profile down paymentOppenheimer 10 – Andres, syndicated columnist and former Pulitzer prize winner (1987), "Commentary: Can U.S. medical tourists, retirees ease Mexico’s woes?" Apr 21, McClatchy DC, http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2010/04/21/92515/commentary-can-us-medical-tourists.html23.UdPjjfk3u8A23storylink=cpy-http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2010/04/21/92515/commentary-can-us-medical-tourists.html. BR So what will Calderon specifically propose to Obama? Most likely, the Mexican president Heidegger justifies NazismSteiner 2000 (Alex Steiner, world socialist web site, the case of martin Heidegger philosopher and nazi, 2000, http://wsws.org/articles/2000/apr2000/heid-a03.shtml-http://wsws.org/articles/2000/apr2000/heid-a03.shtml) Documentary evidence exists that Heidegger expressed sympathy for the Nazis as early as 1932. The NSA scandal has US-Latin America relations at a critical turning point, but new sources of trade can supersede ideological disputesGonzalez et al 10/7-13 – LUISA PARRAGUEZ/FRANCISCO G. GONZALES/JOSKUA TADEO, "Anti-US in words, not deeds," Hurriyet Daily News, reprinted from the Khaleej Times. http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/anti-us-in-words-not-deeds.aspx?pageID=44926nID=5578226NewsCatID=396-http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/anti-us-in-words-not-deeds.aspx?pageID=44926nID=5578226NewsCatID=396. BR Latin American relations solve stability – only the U.S. can de-escalate conflictSabatini and Marczak 10 ~January 2010, As Senior Director of Policy, Christopher Sabatini oversees the Americas Society and Council of the Americas’ (AS/COA) research and publishing programs. In his capacity at the AS/COA, he chairs the organizations’ working group on rule of law which recently published a report on rule of law in the hemisphere titled Rule of Law, Economic Growth and Prosperity, which in 2008 appeared in Spanish. Dr. Sabatini also chairs the AS/COA’s Cuba Working Group. In April 2007, Dr. Sabatini created and launched the AS/COA’s policy journal, Americas Quarterly (AQ). He is now the Editor-in-Chief of AQ and oversees the AQ website (www.americasquarterly.org) on which he has a regular blog on policy in the Americas, Jason Marczak is director of policy at Americas Society and Council of the Americas and senior editor of the AS/COA policy journal Americas Quarterly, "Obama’s Tango, Restoring U.S. Leadership in Latin America", http://www.unc.edu/world/2010Seminars/LANC20reading202.pdf-http://www.unc.edu/world/2010Seminars/LANC reading 2.pdf~ Since he took office, U.S. President Barack Obama has articulated a Latin American instability distracts US focus from global problemsRochlin 94 James Francis, Professor of Political Science at Okanagan University College, "Discovering the Americas: the evolution of Canadian foreign policy towards Latin America," p. 130-131. While there were economic motivations for Canadian policy in Central America, security considerations were ====US diplomatic focus prevents South China Seas conflict – withdrawal causes war ==== By unilaterally creating a city government and installing a military garrison on a disputed island SCS conflict causes extinction – specific evidence it’s sufficient to trigger nuclear winterWittner 11 (Lawrence S. Wittner, Emeritus Professor of History at the State University of New York/Albany, Wittner is the author of eight books, the editor or co-editor of another four, and the author of over 250 published articles and book reviews. From 1984 to 1987, he edited Peace 26 Change, a journal of peace research., 11/28/2011, "Is a Nuclear War With China Possible?", www.huntingtonnews.net/14446-http://www.huntingtonnews.net/14446) While nuclear weapons exist, there remains a danger that they will be used. SECOND, EUROPE –Europe would be a key draw for an IHA because of rock-bottom health care pricesHylton 9 – Hilary, "Medicare Savings: Is the Answer in Mexico?," TIME, Oct 23, http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1931559,00.html.BR-http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1931559,00.html.BR Resistance to the expansion of Medicare to Mexico is coming from some health-care industry groups like the American Medical Association and the American Hospital Association, according to David C. Warner, who teaches public affairs at the University of Texas LBJ School. Warner says these groups see it as the beginning of a slippery slope that will lead to expansion of Medicare coverage to places like China and Eastern Europe where health-care costs are rock bottom. American retirees would be a key draw, contributing billions to GDP – EU coordination is particularly effective because their health care portability laws sustain modeling This topic has not gone unnoticed in Mexico or the United States. In Mexico The Eurozone is headed for an historically unparalleled collapse – it’s try or die – protracted downturn ensures there’s no hope of recovery nowBishop 11-5 – Katrina Bishop, Deputy News Editor, CNBC.com "EU Commission cuts euro zone growth forecasts for 2014," http://www.cnbc.com/id/101159474-http://www.cnbc.com/id/101159474 Euro zone unemployment will remain near its record high for the next two years amid ====Eurozone collapse causes World War 3 ==== Realism is inevitable states fear each other and wish to maximize their powerMearsheimer ’1 ~professor of political science at University of Chicago, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, 2001, pg. 361~ The optimists’ claim that security competition and war among the great powers has been burned | 3/11/14 |
SCOTUS Embargo AffTournament: Westside | Round: 1 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley CM | Judge: Clint Clevinger 1ACPlanPlan: The United States federal judiciary should strike down the economic sanctions on Cuba on the grounds that they violate Cuba’s right to development under customary international law.I-LawContention 1 is Customary International LawThe Cuban embargo violates Cuba’s right to develop – Supreme Court action is keyManchak ’10 (Benjamin Manchak, Staff Writer for the Boston College Third World Law Review, "NOTE: COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC SANCTIONS, THE RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT, AND CONSTITUTIONALLY IMPERMISSIBLE VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW", Boston College Third World Law Review, Spring 2010, 30 B.C. Third World L.J. 417, lexis) Because the federal laws and regulations codifying the Cuban embargo conflict directly with U. Judicial incorporation of customary international law will be perceived and modeled—this leads to the bolstering of international lawSylvester ’94 (Douglas Sylvester, professor of law at the Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law at Arizona State University, Spring 1994, 42 Buffalo L. Rev. 555, Lexis) 3. Countervailing Arguments. The preceding sections have shown that historical and theoretical objections Applying CIL in direct contravention of existing federal statute sets the key precedent determining the future of CIL and judicial incorporationKundmueller ’2 (Michelle M. Kundmueller, University of Notre Dame, Candidate for J.D. and M.A. in Political Theory 2004, "THE APPLICATION OF CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW IN U.S. COURTS: CUSTOM, CONVENTION, OR PSEUDOLEGISLATION?", Journal of Legislation, 2002, 28 J. Legis. 359, lexis) This Note has attempted to demonstrate some of the difficulties of applying customary international law Other countries will model the Supreme CourtBarroso ’12 (LUÍS ROBERTO BARROSO, Professor of Constitutional Law, Rio de Janeiro State University, Spring 2012, Boston College International and Comparative Law Review, 35 B.C. Int’l 26 Comp. L. Rev. 331, L/N, "HERE, THERE, AND EVERYWHERE: HUMAN DIGNITY IN CONTEMPORARY LAW AND IN THE TRANSNATIONAL DISCOURSE") In recent years, constitutional and supreme courts all over the world have begun engaging The Cuban embargo is key—resolving the tension of international law with the embargo is crucial to demonstrate US commitment to take international law seriouslyManchak ’10 (Benjamin Manchak, Staff Writer for the Boston College Third World Law Review, "NOTE: COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC SANCTIONS, THE RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT, AND CONSTITUTIONALLY IMPERMISSIBLE VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW", Boston College Third World Law Review, Spring 2010, 30 B.C. Third World L.J. 417, lexis) As a matter of domestic law, it is clear the United States may disavow I-Law – ASATsScenario 1 is ASATsASAT wars are inevitable – that will result in space debris, escalatory wars, and blocks future space development. Only enhancing customary international law can protect the corridors of spaceKoplow ’9 (David Koplow, Georgetown University Law Center, "ASAT-isfaction: Customary International Law and the Regulation of Anti-Satellite Weapons", Michigan Journal of International Law, Summer 2009, 30 Mich. J. Int’l L. 1187-1272, http://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=145226context=facpub) As countries increasingly exploit and prosper from outer space for military and civilian purposes, Space debris results in accidental nuclear war with RussiaLewis ’4 (Jeffrey Lewis, space policy component of the Arms Control project, "What if space were weaponized?", 2004, Center for Defense Information, p. 18-21) As we have noted in an earlier section, the United States canceled its own I-Law – HegemonyScenario 2 is HegemonyIncorporation of CIL enhances American credibility and legitimacy – makes primacy sustainableSadat ’5 (Leila Nadya Sadat, Professor of Law, Washington University Global Studies Law Review, Volume 4 Issue 2, "An American Vision for Global Justice: Taking the Rule of (International) Law Seriously") At Washington University School of Law, we have taken cognizance of the globalization revolution Legitimacy’s the fundamental internal link to effective hegemony—-power distributions perceived as illegitimate are the most likely causes of great power warFinnemore ’9 (Martha Finnemore, professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University, January 2009, "Legitimacy, Hypocrisy, and the Social Structure of Unipolarity: Why Being a Unipole Isn’t All It’s Cracked Up to Be," World Politics, Volume 61, Number 1) Legitimacy is, by its nature, a social and relational phenomenon. One’s position Decline of US leadership causes global conflictZhang and Shi ’11 (Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, D.C.; Lin Shi is from Columbia University. She also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank in Washington, D.C., 1/22, "America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry", http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/-http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/) This does not necessarily mean that the US is in systemic decline, but it No risk of heg bad—-US engagement and reintervention are inevitable—-it’s only a question of making it effectiveKagan ’11 (Robert Kagan, contributing editor to The Weekly Standard and a senior fellow in foreign policy at the Brookings Institution, "The Price of Power", 1/24/2011, Vol 16 No18 www.weeklystandard.com/articles/price-power_533696.html?page=3) In theory, the United States could refrain from intervening abroad. But, in TransitionContention 1 is Cuban TransitionCuba’s Economy Will Collapse 2 –reasonsFirst- Cuba’s current reforms are slow, contradictory, and insufficient—the plan is keyShifter et al 10/15 – Michael is an Adjunct Professor of Latin American Second- Venezuelan economy will collapse- multiple warrantsCNBC 11/26 (CNBC, "Venezuela after Chavez: An economy on the verge", 11-26-13, http://www.cnbc.com/id/101219760-http://www.cnbc.com/id/101219760**)** Less than a year after the death of former dictator Hugo Chavez, Venezuela is Venezuelan decline would crush Cuba- high economic dependenceIPS 13 (IPS, Inter Press Service, "Dependent on Venezuela’s Oil Service", 3-18-13, http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/03/several-countries-depend-on-venezuelas-oil-diplomacy/) RIO DE JANEIRO, Mar 18 2013 (IPS) - Venezuela’s economic challenges, Plan solves - lifting embargo establishes sustained trade relations that liberalize Cuba’s economyHinderdael 11 (M.A. candidate at SAIS Bologna Center, concentrating in American Foreign Policy and Energy, Resources, and Environment ~Klaas Hinderdael, Breaking the Logjam: Obama’s Cuba Policy and a Guideline for Improved Leadership, by http://bcjournal.org/volume-14/breaking-the-logjam.html?printerFriendly=true-http://bcjournal.org/volume-14/breaking-the-logjam.html?printerFriendly=true) In 2008, the UN general Assembly, voting 185 to 3, rejected the Lifting entire embargo key- economic shock therapy is electrifying – empirically diminishing problems and preventing their prolongingPettinger 13 Shock therapy is the belief that the best way to fix a broken economy is Failure of economic reform causes civil warLopez-Levy 11 – Arturo Lopez Levy is lecturer and PhD Candidate at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies at the University of Denver. He a Research Associate of the Institute for the Study of Israel in the Middle East (ISIME) and teaches Latin American Politics, and Comparative Politics at the University of Denver and the Colorado School of Mines. ("Change In Post-Fidel Cuba: Political Liberalization, Economic Reform and Lessons for U.S. Policy", May 2011, New America Foundation, http://newamerica.net/sites/newamerica.net/files/policydocs/naf_all_cuba_reform_final.pdf-http://newamerica.net/sites/newamerica.net/files/policydocs/naf_all_cuba_reform_final.pdf) Indeed, if Cuba’s economic reform fails and local revolts ensue, the most likely Cuban collapse detracts US attention from Taiwan- causes Taiwan- China conflictGorell 5 (Tim Gorell, Lieutenant Colonel in the US Army, "Cuba: The Next Unanticipated Strategic Crisis?" March 18, 2005, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074-http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074) Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, Cuba’s US/China war over Taiwan causes extinction.Straits Times -2K (Straits Times, June, 25, 2000, No one gains in war over Taiwan~ (PDNSS2115) | 1/14/14 |
SCOTUS Embargo Aff - w New CardsTournament: Districts | Round: 1 | Opponent: Norfolk | Judge: Brian Goodbrake 1ACPlanPlan: The United States federal judiciary should strike down the economic sanctions on Cuba on the grounds that they violate Cuba’s right to development under customary international law.I-LawContention 1 is Customary International LawThe Cuban embargo violates Cuba’s right to develop – Supreme Court action is keyManchak ’10 (Benjamin Manchak, Staff Writer for the Boston College Third World Law Review, "NOTE: COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC SANCTIONS, THE RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT, AND CONSTITUTIONALLY IMPERMISSIBLE VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW", Boston College Third World Law Review, Spring 2010, 30 B.C. Third World L.J. 417, lexis) Because the federal laws and regulations codifying the Cuban embargo conflict directly with U. Judicial incorporation of customary international law will be perceived and modeled—this leads to the bolstering of international lawSylvester ’94 (Douglas Sylvester, professor of law at the Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law at Arizona State University, Spring 1994, 42 Buffalo L. Rev. 555, Lexis) 3. Countervailing Arguments. The preceding sections have shown that historical and theoretical objections Applying CIL in direct contravention of existing federal statute sets the key precedent determining the future of CIL and judicial incorporationKundmueller ’2 (Michelle M. Kundmueller, University of Notre Dame, Candidate for J.D. and M.A. in Political Theory 2004, "THE APPLICATION OF CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW IN U.S. COURTS: CUSTOM, CONVENTION, OR PSEUDOLEGISLATION?", Journal of Legislation, 2002, 28 J. Legis. 359, lexis) This Note has attempted to demonstrate some of the difficulties of applying customary international law Other countries will model the Supreme CourtBarroso ’12 (LUÍS ROBERTO BARROSO, Professor of Constitutional Law, Rio de Janeiro State University, Spring 2012, Boston College International and Comparative Law Review, 35 B.C. Int’l 26 Comp. L. Rev. 331, L/N, "HERE, THERE, AND EVERYWHERE: HUMAN DIGNITY IN CONTEMPORARY LAW AND IN THE TRANSNATIONAL DISCOURSE") In recent years, constitutional and supreme courts all over the world have begun engaging The Cuban embargo is key—resolving the tension of international law with the embargo is crucial to demonstrate US commitment to take international law seriouslyManchak ’10 (Benjamin Manchak, Staff Writer for the Boston College Third World Law Review, "NOTE: COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC SANCTIONS, THE RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT, AND CONSTITUTIONALLY IMPERMISSIBLE VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW", Boston College Third World Law Review, Spring 2010, 30 B.C. Third World L.J. 417, lexis) As a matter of domestic law, it is clear the United States may disavow I-Law – ASATsScenario 1 is ASATsASAT wars are inevitable – that will result in space debris, escalatory wars, and blocks future space development. Only enhancing customary international law can protect the corridors of spaceKoplow ’9 (David Koplow, Georgetown University Law Center, "ASAT-isfaction: Customary International Law and the Regulation of Anti-Satellite Weapons", Michigan Journal of International Law, Summer 2009, 30 Mich. J. Int’l L. 1187-1272, http://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=145226context=facpub) As countries increasingly exploit and prosper from outer space for military and civilian purposes, Space debris results in accidental nuclear war with RussiaLewis ’4 (Jeffrey Lewis, space policy component of the Arms Control project, "What if space were weaponized?", 2004, Center for Defense Information, p. 18-21) As we have noted in an earlier section, the United States canceled its own I-Law – HegemonyScenario 2 is HegemonyIncorporation of CIL enhances American credibility and legitimacy – makes primacy sustainableSadat ’5 (Leila Nadya Sadat, Professor of Law, Washington University Global Studies Law Review, Volume 4 Issue 2, "An American Vision for Global Justice: Taking the Rule of (International) Law Seriously") At Washington University School of Law, we have taken cognizance of the globalization revolution Legitimacy’s the fundamental internal link to effective hegemony—-power distributions perceived as illegitimate are the most likely causes of great power warFinnemore ’9 (Martha Finnemore, professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University, January 2009, "Legitimacy, Hypocrisy, and the Social Structure of Unipolarity: Why Being a Unipole Isn’t All It’s Cracked Up to Be," World Politics, Volume 61, Number 1) Legitimacy is, by its nature, a social and relational phenomenon. One’s position Decline of US leadership causes global conflictZhang and Shi ’11 (Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, D.C.; Lin Shi is from Columbia University. She also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank in Washington, D.C., 1/22, "America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry", http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/-http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/) This does not necessarily mean that the US is in systemic decline, but it No risk of heg bad—-US engagement and reintervention are inevitable—-it’s only a question of making it effectiveKagan ’11 (Robert Kagan, contributing editor to The Weekly Standard and a senior fellow in foreign policy at the Brookings Institution, "The Price of Power", 1/24/2011, Vol 16 No18 www.weeklystandard.com/articles/price-power_533696.html?page=3) In theory, the United States could refrain from intervening abroad. But, in TransitionContention 2 is Cuban TransitionCuba’s Economy Will Collapse 2 –reasonsFirst- Cuba’s current reforms are slow, contradictory, and insufficient—the plan is keyShifter et al 10/15 – Michael is an Adjunct Professor of Latin American Second- Venezuelan economy will collapse- multiple warrantsCNBC 11/26 (CNBC, "Venezuela after Chavez: An economy on the verge", 11-26-13, http://www.cnbc.com/id/101219760-http://www.cnbc.com/id/101219760**)** Less than a year after the death of former dictator Hugo Chavez, Venezuela is Venezuelan decline would crush Cuba- high economic dependenceIPS 13 (IPS, Inter Press Service, "Dependent on Venezuela’s Oil Service", 3-18-13, http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/03/several-countries-depend-on-venezuelas-oil-diplomacy/) RIO DE JANEIRO, Mar 18 2013 (IPS) - Venezuela’s economic challenges, Plan solves - lifting embargo establishes sustained trade relations that liberalize Cuba’s economyHinderdael 11 (M.A. candidate at SAIS Bologna Center, concentrating in American Foreign Policy and Energy, Resources, and Environment ~Klaas Hinderdael, Breaking the Logjam: Obama’s Cuba Policy and a Guideline for Improved Leadership, by http://bcjournal.org/volume-14/breaking-the-logjam.html?printerFriendly=true-http://bcjournal.org/volume-14/breaking-the-logjam.html?printerFriendly=true) In 2008, the UN general Assembly, voting 185 to 3, rejected the Lifting entire embargo key- economic shock therapy is electrifying – empirically diminishing problems and preventing their prolongingPettinger 13 Shock therapy is the belief that the best way to fix a broken economy is Failure of economic reform causes civil warLopez-Levy 11 – Arturo Lopez Levy is lecturer and PhD Candidate at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies at the University of Denver. He a Research Associate of the Institute for the Study of Israel in the Middle East (ISIME) and teaches Latin American Politics, and Comparative Politics at the University of Denver and the Colorado School of Mines. ("Change In Post-Fidel Cuba: Political Liberalization, Economic Reform and Lessons for U.S. Policy", May 2011, New America Foundation, http://newamerica.net/sites/newamerica.net/files/policydocs/naf_all_cuba_reform_final.pdf-http://newamerica.net/sites/newamerica.net/files/policydocs/naf_all_cuba_reform_final.pdf) Indeed, if Cuba’s economic reform fails and local revolts ensue, the most likely Cuban collapse destroys the global war on terror and makes conflicts in hotspots around the globe more likelyGorrell, 5 - Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted for the USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT (Tim, "CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?" http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074-http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074 Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, Cuba’s Hotspots all risk escalation to global nuclear warDavid Bosco (a senior editor at Foreign Policy magazine) July 2006 "Forum: Keeping an eye peeled for World War III" http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06211/709477-109.stm_-http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06211/709477-109.stm_ The understanding that small but violent acts can spark global conflagration is etched into the Terror causes extinctionAyson ’10 (Robert Ayson, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand – Victoria University of Wellington, "After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects", Studies in Conflict 26 Terrorism, 33(7), July 2010) A terrorist nuclear attack, and even the use of nuclear weapons. US/China war over Taiwan causes extinction.Straits Times -2K (Straits Times, June, 25, 2000, No one gains in war over Taiwan~ (PDNSS2115) Indo-Pak War Causes ExtinctionAsahi Shimbun 13 ~The Asahi Shimbun, "EDITORIAL: We all must confront the ferocious destructive power of nuclear energy," August 06, 2013, pg. http://tinyurl.com/n637acb~~ A recent study by Alan Robock, an environmental scientist at Rutgers University, and | 3/11/14 |
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