Tournament: Scranton | Round: 2 | Opponent: Brooklyn Tech CN | Judge: Mike Baxter-Kauf

1AC Drug War

Observation 1 is the War on Drugs

We start our debate with the following letter from hundreds of grass-roots organizations to the heads of state in Latin America and the United States

Dear Honorable,

We, the undersigned civil society organizations throughout the region, are writing to you. We urge our states to address our concerns about the dire human rights crisis in Mesoamerica. Our organizations have documented an alarming increase in violence and human rights violations. While we recognize that transnational crime and drug trafficking play a role in this violence, we call on our governments to acknowledge that failed security policies that have militarized citizen security have only exacerbated the problem, and are directly contributing to increased human suffering in the region. It is time to refocus regional dialogue and resource investment to address the root causes of violence. Harmful “development” policies have similarly caused increased conflict and abuses, while forced migration and criminalization of migrants and human rights activists continues to divides families. 

Militarization of the drug war has caused increased violence and has failed to provide citizen security. Human rights abuses against our families and communities are, in many cases, directly attributable to failed and counterproductive security policies that have militarized our societies in the name of the “war on drugs”. With little civilian control over security forces, massive deployments across the country have contributed to increases in forced disappearances, extrajudicial killings, torture and attacks on human rights defenders. The US government’s directly affect the human rights situation in Mesoamerica, resulting in a dramatic surge in violent crime, often reportedly perpetrated by security forces themselves

The violence we face today has its roots in the poverty, injustice, and inequality of our societies. National and bilateral investment policies enshrined in Free Trade Agreements exacerbate these problems. Governments and businesses routinely violates communities’ rights to consultation

The Obama administration has beefed up military presence in Mexico
Main 13 ~May 9, 2013, Alex Main is a writer for the Americas’ blog @ CEPR- Obama and the Militarization of the "Drug War" in Mexico and Central America, http://www.eurasiareview.com/24062013-ecuador-or-another-country-should-grant-asylum-to-snowden-cepr-co-director-saysE2808F/~~
During his trip last week to Mexico and Costa Rica, President Obama sought to
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continue to wait for some form of justice and compensation for the killings.

The drug war is nothing more than a genocide done in our name
Smith 11 ~Phillip Smith et al, November 09, 2011-Mexico’s Symbol of Drug War Resistance Says It’s Our Fight, Too ~FEATURE~- Online- http://stopthedrugwar.org/chronicle/2011/nov/09/mexicos_symbol_drug_war_resistan~~
At the 2011 International Drug Policy Reform Conference in Los Angeles last weekend, one
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crimes against humanity because they are done by our governments," he said.

A genocide known all too well by blacks on the domestic front
Dix 11 ~2011, Carl Dix, Activist and Author- Mass Incarceration + Silence = Genocide- Online BlackAdgendaReport.com~
This article is a response to Bruce Dixon’s March 27 piece, "Black mass
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and more, telling us the problem was something other than US imperialism21) 

Hence we call for the impossible economic engagement with Mexico, the bill the US can never pay. A substantial increase that erases the position of the US as the arbitrator of power. We call for reparations based on the genocide evoked on people of color due to the war on drugs and the prohibition of marijuana

Reparations or bust: No other reform is a viable option
Lee 12 ~2012, Martin A Lee - the author of Smoke Signals: A Social History of Marijuana – Medical, Recreational and Scientific (Scribner, 2012). He is the director of Project CBD, cofounder of the media watch group FAIR, and the author of Acid Dreams and The Beast Reawakens. For more information and regular updates, follow Smoke Signals—the book on Facebook.Image by Rolling Okie, courtesy of Creative Commons license. Marijuana legalization is a beginning, not an end. Online- http://www.realitysandwich.com/marijuana_legalization_not_enough~~
When residents of Colorado and Washington voted to legalize the adult use of cannabis,
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that doesn’t address pathological income inequality will not be able to heal itself. 

Observation 2 is Our Framework

Reparations for the war on drugs is rhetorically justified
Watkins 12 ~May 2012, Dr. Boyce D. Watkins (male) is a Scholar in Residence in Entrepreneurship and Innovation @ Syracuse University, American author, economist, political analyst, and social commentator.  Formerly a member of the finance faculty @ Syracuse and also a Distinguished Scholar with the Barbara Jordan Institute for Policy Research, previously a visiting Fellow at the Shanghai University of Finance and Economics and the Centre for European Economic Research (Mannheim, Germany).  He is also a faculty affiliate with the College Sports Research Institute @ the University of North Carolina @ Chapel Hill; "Why Blacks Deserve Reparations for War on Drugs; NEWSONE.COM, http://newsone.com/2005463/author-of-the-new-jim-crow-agrees-with-reparations-for-the-war-on-drugs/\
The other day, I mentioned that it makes sense for Black America to call
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the mess in our community. It’s time to start making things right.

THE 1AC’S DISCOURSE WITHIN THE DEBATE SPACE IS ON POINT21
Alexander 2010 ~Michelle Alexander is a former lawyer turn anti-incarceration activist- The New Jim Crow- 221-225~
The list could go on, of course, but the point has been made
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employed in the War on Drugs, this result is no freak accident. 

Racism must be rejected in every instance
Memmi ’00 ~2000, Albert is a Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ Unv. Of Paris, Albert-; RACISM, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163-165~
The struggle against racism will be long, difficult, without intermission, without remission
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.  True, it is a wager, but the stakes are irresistible. 

Reject the DA – it is an attempt to deny reparations on the altar of political expediency.
Cook 2000 (Anthony E. Cook is a Professor of Law at Georgetown University Law Center, "RACE AND RELIGION: REVISING ’AMERICA’S MOST SEGREGATED HOUR’: King and the Beloved Community: A Communitarian Defense of Black Reparations", The George Washington Law Review)
If private confession is good for the individual’s soul, societal confession is equally important
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humiliation have led to the historic atrocities committed against black people in America.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Edina RS | Judge: Luke Cumbee
1AC Blake
Observation 1 is The Inconvenient Truth
The effects of climate change are disproportionately borne by minorities, but these needs are ignored
Foster et al., ‘9 “Ask the Climate Question: Adapting to Climate Change Impacts in Urban Region” June 2009 Ashley Lowe Josh Foster Steve Winkelman. Ashley Lowe has worked with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. She holds a B.A. in an interdisciplinary environmental program and a B.A. in Archaeology, both from the University of Virginia, and an M.S. in Environmental Policy from the University of Michigan. Josh Foster has over 14 years of experience working on climate adaptation, including 13 at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Science Program Office as a manager for climate research applications and services. Has worked at NOAA's National Climate Services, National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS), Regional Integrated Climate Sciences and Assessments (RISA) Program, the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), the Nobel Prize winning Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the US Global Change Research Program, the United Nations Development Program, the White House Office on Environmental Policy, and the White House Subcommittee on Water Availability and Quality (SWAQ). Josh also holds Masters in International Relations and in Environmental Management from Yale University, and a B.A. in International Relations and Environmental Policy, Minor in Latin American Studies, from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Steve Winkleman managed ICF’s Climate Wise industrial energy efficiency program for the US EPA. Steve is a member of the National Academy of Sciences’ Sustainable Transport Committee. He holds a BS in Physics from the University of Michigan and an MA in Public Policy from the University of Minnesota. http://www.ccap.org/docs/resources/674/Urban_Climate_Adaptation-FINAL_CCAP206-9-09.pdf
The populations most vulnerable to climate change impacts are often the poor, the elderly
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shelter for those without access to air conditioning during future intense heat events.

Discrimination mean marginalized communities are less likely to survive global warming which threatens their unique culture – the US has an obligation to help these populations
MRGI 2008 April 2008, Minority Rights Groups International, Rachel Baird (MRG) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) working to secure the rights of ethnic, religious, and linguistic minorities worldwide, and to promote cooperation and understanding between communities, http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/ClimateChange/Submissions/Minority_Rights_Group_International.pdf
Climate change is just beginning to be articulated as a human rights issue – rather
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greenhouse gas emitter, bore more responsibility for this than any other nation.

This is equivalent to an ongoing genocide – climate deniers risk the lives of hundreds of millions
Hamilton 2009 November 16, 2009, Clive Hamilton is a Professor of Public Ethics at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics (CAPPE)1 and the Vice-Chancellor's Chair in Public Ethics at Charles Sturt University.2 He is the Founder and former Executive Director of the The Australia Institute. Overseas Commonwealth Postgraduate Scholar and completed his Doctorate at the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex. Senior Visiting Fellow of the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies of Yale University. Professor at Oxford, Denying the coming global holocaust http://www.crikey.com.au/2009/11/16/hamilton-denying-the-coming-climate-holocaust/
Climate sceptics resent being called deniers because of the odium associated with Holocaust revisionism.
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a high degree of certainty that if we do nothing they will die.

Racism must be rejected in every instance
Memmi ’00 2000, Albert is a Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ Unv. Of Paris, Albert-; RACISM, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163-165
The struggle against racism will be long, difficult, without intermission, without remission
AND
.  True, it is a wager, but the stakes are irresistible. 

Coal-burning power plants have disproportionately affected minority communities – renewable energy production will alleviate the pressure
Lansing 12 December 6, 2012, Sean Lansing is a writer for the Maclver Institute, the 2012 Think Tank of the Year, and James Wigderson is a Special Guest Perspective for the Maclver Institute, “Coal is Racist?”, http://www.maciverinstitute.com/2012/12/coal-is-racist/
If Santa Claus decides you've been naughty this year and brings you coal for Christmas
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not truly serving the minority population whose best interests they claim to represent.

US-Mexican cooperation leads to renewable energy development
Wood 10 May 2010, Duncan Wood is the Director of the Mexico Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. For 17 years, Dr. Wood was a professor and the director of the International Relations Program at the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM) in Mexico City. He also held the role of researcher at the Centro de Derecho Económico Internacional (CDEI) at ITAM, “Environment, Development and Growth: U.S.-Mexico Cooperation in Renewable Energies”, http://www.statealliancepartnership.org/resources_files/USMexico_Cooperation_Renewable_Energies.pdf
Further, this report argues that one of the factors that currently prevent the realization
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renewable energy sector holds enormous potential to contribute even more in the future.  

Renewable energy is the best way to solve for warming
Cohen 13 November 25, 2013, Steven Cohen is an Executive Director at Columbia University’s Earth Institute, “The Answer to Climate Change Is Renewable Energy, Not Nuclear Power”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/steven-cohen/the-answer-to-climate-cha_b_4337435.html
When climate scientists and some energy policy analysts take a "tough-minded"
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the answer is renewable energy. Let's accept that and get to work.

And thus the plan, the United States Federal Government should substantially increase its economic engagement with Mexico via cooperation over renewable energy

Observation 2 is the Discussion of Race
It is our decision-making as well as how we evaluate and search for the best policy option that must be exposed for how it represents an institutionally racist structure
Shaw, ’04 Katharine, Associate Professor of Urban Studies at Ohio State Using Feminist Critical Policy Analysis in the Realm of Higher Education: The Case of Welfare Reform as Gendered Educational Policy Source: The Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 75, No. 1, Special Issue: Questions of Research and Methodology, (Jan. - Feb., 2004), pp. 56-79
The methods and theoretical frameworks that dominate current policy analysis have been developed and implemented
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tied to prevailing relations of power" (1997a, p. 3). 

A stance against the institutional walls of racism is the only mechanism for survival.
Bardnt 91 Joesph Bardnt is an ordained minister who is the Director of Crossroads, a nonprofit Organization, “Dismantling Racism:  The Continuing Challenge to White America; p.155-156
To study racism is to study walls.  We have looked at barriers and fences
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of the world and ourselves, we dare not allow it to continue.

The role of the ballot is to view the debate through a critical race theory lens-vote for the team who best dismantles racism.
Mills 97 Associate Prof of Philosophy @ U Illinois, Chicago, Charles-; The Racial Contract
Nationally, within these racial policies, the Racial Contract manifests itself in white resistance
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contribution) but unrelated to the history of transcontinental and intracontinental racial exploitation.

Yes, the nation-state is not perfect, but refusal to reform ignores our best tools for resistance – abandonment of the state is naïve and dangerous.
Dussel, ‘11 2011, Enrique Dussel, Professor of Philosophy at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, “From Critical Theory to the Philosophy of Liberation: Some Themes for Dialogue”, Transmodernity: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production, http://escholarship.org/uc/item/59m869d2
We should proceed in politics in the very same manner that Marx proceeded in economics
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state” is a strategic orienting principle that functions as a regulative horizon. 

Prioritize racial discrimination in the face of utility calculus – attempts at neutrality are not race neutral and trample individual rights
Byrnes, ’99 Erin E. Byrnes, Arizona Law Review, Summer, 1999, 41 Ariz. L. Rev. 535
A functionalist critique of utilitarianism could also be employed in this context to advocate the
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competition with societal goals, individual rights will be annihilated every time. 296

The current struggle against global warming represents the invisibility of race at its finest – and we must connect the dots between racial discrimination and warming if we are to survive
Wise 2011 Tim Wise, April 13, 2011, served as an adjunct faculty member at the Smith College School for Social Work, in Northampton, Massachusetts, where he co-taught a Master’s level class on Racism in the U.S. In 2001, Wise trained journalists to eliminate racial bias in reporting, as a visiting faculty-in-residence at the Poynter Institute in St. Petersburg, Florida. From 1999-2003, Wise was an advisor to the Fisk University Race Relations Institute, in Nashville, and in the early ’90s he was Youth Coordinator and Associate Director of the Louisiana Coalition Against Racism and Nazism: the largest of the many groups organized for the purpose of defeating neo-Nazi political candidate, David Duke. He graduated from Tulane University in 1990 and received antiracism training from the People’s Institute for Survival and Beyond, in New Orleans, http://changefromwithin.org/2011/04/13/tim-wise-and-white-privilege/
But as troubling as colorblindness can be when evinced by liberals, colormuteness may be
AND
color and their concerns, but is to weaken the fight for survival.

Approaching WARMING without disrupting the RACIAL FRAMEWORK that exists MISSES the BOAT, FEAR of ERODING racial hierarchies explain INEFFECTUAL approaches to global warming.
Mandell ‘8 MANDELL Dir of the Champlain Valley Office of Economic Opportunity Fair Housing Project 2k8 Bekah-A.B., Vassar College, J.D., Boston College Law School, Father Rober Drinan Family Fund Public Interest Fellow; Racial Reification and Global Warming:  A Truly Inconvenient Truth; BOSTON COLLEGE THIRD WORLD LAW JOURNAL, Spring, 28 B.C. Third World L.J. 289
 *297 Fear of eroding the hierarchies that define race explains why politicians
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arise to threaten the predominance of the traditionalist, capitalist ruling class." n52

Dialogue and communication matter in this context – connecting the risks of climate change to issues of social justice is critical
Moser and Dilling 2007 (Susanne Moser is a research scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research’s (NCAR) Institute for the Study of Society and Environment, Boulder, Colorado. She is an Aldo Leopold Leadership Program fellow and an associate of the International Human Dimensions Program (IHDP) Core Project on Global Environmental Change and Human Security (GECHS). Lisa Dilling is a visiting fellow at the Center for Science and Technology Policy Research of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado at Boulder. She has been awarded a visiting fellowship by CIRES, a John A. Knauss National Sea Grant fellowship, and a National Science Foundation graduate fellowship. “Creating a Climate for Change: Communicating Climate Change and Facilitating Social Change,” Cambridge University Press, Pg 14-16 Mkoo)The relationship between the climate problem and stimulating societal responses via communication is clearly more
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new practices  how to move beyond message delivery and toward dialogue and engagement. 

Philosophical criticism is grounded within a colorblind mentality that ignores racism
ROELOFS 2k6 Monique Roelofs is an Associate Professor at New Hampshire College, teaches
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John McClendon and George Yancy; Volume 06, Number 1; Fall
Race is a conceptual blind spot in philosophical aesthetics and the philosophies of the arts
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tenable social, economic, cultural, political, environmental, and aesthetic constellations

This silence actively perpetuates white supremacy within our discourse
Crenshaw ‘97  1997, Carrie, PhD, Prof of Speech Comm @ Univ. Ala. former director of debate @ Univ. of Ala.; WESTERN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION; Resisting Whiteness’ Rhetorical Silence; 61(3), Summer; pp. 253-278
This analysis brings into focus several observations about how whiteness operates rhetorically and ideologically in
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the ideology of white privilege "works"? through rhetorical silence about whiteness.

Reject their DAs – it is an attempt to deny reparations on the altar of political expediency
Cook 2000 2000, Anthony E. Cook is a Professor of Law at Georgetown University Law Center, “RACE AND RELIGION: REVISING 'AMERICA'S MOST SEGREGATED HOUR': King and the Beloved Community: A Communitarian Defense of Black Reparations”, The George Washington Law Review
If private confession is good for the individual's soul, societal confession is equally important
AND
humiliation have led to the historic atrocities committed against black people in America.

Tournament: Bronx Science | Round: 2 | Opponent: Agape PY | Judge: Sierra Underdue
Observation 1 is The Inconvenient Truth
The effects of climate change are disproportionately borne by minorities, but these needs are ignored
Foster et al., ‘9 “Ask the Climate Question: Adapting to Climate Change Impacts in Urban Region” June 2009 Ashley Lowe Josh Foster Steve Winkelman. Ashley Lowe has worked with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. She holds a B.A. in an interdisciplinary environmental program and a B.A. in Archaeology, both from the University of Virginia, and an M.S. in Environmental Policy from the University of Michigan. Josh Foster has over 14 years of experience working on climate adaptation, including 13 at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Science Program Office as a manager for climate research applications and services. Has worked at NOAA's National Climate Services, National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS), Regional Integrated Climate Sciences and Assessments (RISA) Program, the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), the Nobel Prize winning Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the US Global Change Research Program, the United Nations Development Program, the White House Office on Environmental Policy, and the White House Subcommittee on Water Availability and Quality (SWAQ). Josh also holds Masters in International Relations and in Environmental Management from Yale University, and a B.A. in International Relations and Environmental Policy, Minor in Latin American Studies, from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Steve Winkleman managed ICF’s Climate Wise industrial energy efficiency program for the US EPA. Steve is a member of the National Academy of Sciences’ Sustainable Transport Committee. He holds a BS in Physics from the University of Michigan and an MA in Public Policy from the University of Minnesota. http://www.ccap.org/docs/resources/674/Urban_Climate_Adaptation-FINAL_CCAP206-9-09.pdf
The populations most vulnerable to climate change impacts are often the poor, the elderly
AND
shelter for those without access to air conditioning during future intense heat events.

Discrimination mean marginalized communities are less likely to survive global warming which threatens their unique culture – the US has an obligation to help these populations
Minority Rights Groups International April 2008 Rachel Baird (MRG) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) working to secure the rights of ethnic, religious, and linguistic minorities worldwide, and to promote cooperation and understanding between communities, http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/ClimateChange/Submissions/Minority_Rights_Group_International.pdf
Climate change is just beginning to be articulated as a human rights issue – rather
AND
greenhouse gas emitter, bore more responsibility for this than any other nation.

This is equivalent to an ongoing genocide – climate deniers risk the lives of hundreds of millions
Hamilton 2009 November 16, 2009, Clive Hamilton is a Professor of Public Ethics at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics (CAPPE)1 and the Vice-Chancellor's Chair in Public Ethics at Charles Sturt University.2 He is the Founder and former Executive Director of the The Australia Institute. Overseas Commonwealth Postgraduate Scholar and completed his Doctorate at the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex. Senior Visiting Fellow of the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies of Yale University. Professor at Oxford, Denying the coming global holocaust http://www.crikey.com.au/2009/11/16/hamilton-denying-the-coming-climate-holocaust/
Climate sceptics resent being called deniers because of the odium associated with Holocaust revisionism.
AND
a high degree of certainty that if we do nothing they will die.

Racism must be rejected in every instance
Memmi ’00 2000, Albert is a Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ Unv. Of Paris, Albert-; RACISM, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163-165
The struggle against racism will be long, difficult, without intermission, without remission
AND
.  True, it is a wager, but the stakes are irresistible. 

?
And thus the plan, the United States Federal Government should substantially increase its economic engagement with Mexico via cooperation over renewable energy.

Observation 2 is Solvency
US Mexico cooperation on renewables exists now but it’s not enough
Donnelly 10 June 28th, 2010, Robert Donnelly is a Writer for the Wilson Center and News Security Beat, U.S. Mexico Cooperation on Renewable Energy: Building a Green Agenda”, http://www.newsecuritybeat.org/2010/06/u-s-mexico-cooperation-on-renewable-energy-building-a-green-agenda/#.Udc-aPnVBsk, accessed 7/5/2013
A U.S.-Mexico taskforce on renewables was recently formed—an announcement
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points for a broader U.S.-Mexico dialogue, she remarked.

US-Mexican action solves for renewable energy
Wood 10 May 2010, Duncan Wood is the Director of the Mexico Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. For 17 years, Dr. Wood was a professor and the director of the International Relations Program at the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM) in Mexico City. He also held the role of researcher at the Centro de Derecho Económico Internacional (CDEI) at ITAM, “Environment, Development and Growth: U.S.-Mexico Cooperation in Renewable Energies”, http://www.statealliancepartnership.org/resources_files/USMexico_Cooperation_Renewable_Energies.pdf
Further, this report argues that one of the factors that currently prevent the realization
AND
renewable energy sector holds enormous potential to contribute even more in the future.  

Cooperation leads to alternative energy development and solves climate change
Wood, ’13 May 2013, Duncan Wood is the Director of the Mexico Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. For 17 years, Dr. Wood was a professor and the director of the International Relations Program at the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM) in Mexico City. He also held the role of researcher at the Centro de Derecho Económico Internacional (CDEI) at ITAM, “Growing Potential for U.S.-Mexico Energy Cooperation”, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_new_era.pdf
The potential for effective collaboration between the two countries on questions on energy and climate
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talks on bilateral cooperation is therefore a priority that should not be underestimated.

Observation 3 is the Discussion of Race
It is our decision-making as well as how we evaluate and search for the best policy option that must be exposed for how it represents an institutionally racist structure
Shaw, ’04 Katharine, Associate Professor of Urban Studies at Ohio State Using Feminist Critical Policy Analysis in the Realm of Higher Education: The Case of Welfare Reform as Gendered Educational Policy Source: The Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 75, No. 1, Special Issue: Questions of Research and Methodology, (Jan. - Feb., 2004), pp. 56-79
The methods and theoretical frameworks that dominate current policy analysis have been developed and implemented
AND
tied to prevailing relations of power" (1997a, p. 3). 

The role of the ballot is that you should view the debate through a critical race theory lens – white privilege is able to operate via invisibility in political discussions
Mills 97 Associate Prof of Philosophy @ U Illinois, Chicago, Charles-; The Racial Contract
Nationally, within these racial polities, the Racial Contract manifests itself in white resistance
AND
contribution) but unrelated to the history of transcontinental and intracontinental racial exploitation.

Yes, the nation-state is not perfect, but refusal to reform ignores our best tools for resistance – abandonment of the state is naïve and dangerous.
Dussel, ‘11 2011, Enrique Dussel, Professor of Philosophy at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, “From Critical Theory to the Philosophy of Liberation: Some Themes for Dialogue”, Transmodernity: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production, http://escholarship.org/uc/item/59m869d2
We should proceed in politics in the very same manner that Marx proceeded in economics
AND
state” is a strategic orienting principle that functions as a regulative horizon. 

The current struggle against global warming represents the invisibility of race at its finest – and we must connect the dots between racial discrimination and warming if we are to survive
Wise 2011 Tim Wise, April 13, 2011, served as an adjunct faculty member at the Smith College School for Social Work, in Northampton, Massachusetts, where he co-taught a Master’s level class on Racism in the U.S. In 2001, Wise trained journalists to eliminate racial bias in reporting, as a visiting faculty-in-residence at the Poynter Institute in St. Petersburg, Florida. From 1999-2003, Wise was an advisor to the Fisk University Race Relations Institute, in Nashville, and in the early ’90s he was Youth Coordinator and Associate Director of the Louisiana Coalition Against Racism and Nazism: the largest of the many groups organized for the purpose of defeating neo-Nazi political candidate, David Duke. He graduated from Tulane University in 1990 and received antiracism training from the People’s Institute for Survival and Beyond, in New Orleans, http://changefromwithin.org/2011/04/13/tim-wise-and-white-privilege/
But as troubling as colorblindness can be when evinced by liberals, colormuteness may be
AND
color and their concerns, but is to weaken the fight for survival.

Dialogue and communication matter in this context – connecting the risks of climate change to issues of social justice is critical
Moser and Dilling 2007 (Susanne Moser is a research scientist at the National Center
AND
Facilitating Social Change,” Cambridge University Press, Pg 14-16 Mkoo)
The relationship between the climate problem and stimulating societal responses via communication is clearly more
AND
new practices  how to move beyond message delivery and toward dialogue and engagement. 

Approaching WARMING without disrupting the RACIAL FRAMEWORK that exists MISSES the BOAT, FEAR of ERODING racial hierarchies explain INEFFECTUAL approaches to global warming.
Mandell ‘8 MANDELL Dir of the Champlain Valley Office of Economic Opportunity Fair Housing Project 2k8 Bekah-A.B., Vassar College, J.D., Boston College Law School, Father Rober Drinan Family Fund Public Interest Fellow; Racial Reification and Global Warming:  A Truly Inconvenient Truth; BOSTON COLLEGE THIRD WORLD LAW JOURNAL, Spring, 28 B.C. Third World L.J. 289
 *297 Fear of eroding the hierarchies that define race explains why politicians
AND
arise to threaten the predominance of the traditionalist, capitalist ruling class." n52

The exposition of institutional racism is the only solvency..
Davis ‘8 DAVIS prof of History of Consciousness and Feminist Studies @ UC, Santa Cruz 2k8
Angela Y.-former black panther, civil rights activist/scholar; Recognizing Racism in the Era of Neoliberalism, Vice Chancellor’s Oration; http://www.abc.net.au/news/opinion/speeches/files/20080318_davis.pdf
Because racism is viewed as an anachronistic vestige of the past, we fail to
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answered if we are able to recognize this deep structural life of racism.

This shifts the conditions of the debate – current focus in relation to climate change has only dealt with its existence.
Moser and Dilling ‘7 (Susanne Moser is a research scientist at the National
AND
and Facilitating Social Change,” Cambridge University Press, Pg 124-127)
The emerging climate-justice
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Into the territory of ethics, human rights, and social justice. \

It’s not a question of solvency, but one of exposition – we must constantly discursively challenge the dominant paradigms of climate denial – grassroots struggles are critical
Gore, ’11 Yes, THE Al Gore, Al Gore August 29th 2011. “Al Gore Compares Climate Change Deniers to Racists” This is a transcription of the video embedded in the page http://www.inquisitr.com/137269/al-gore-compares-climate-change-deniers-to-racists/
Gore: Yeah if Michael Jordan had been covered in the basketball court by four
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are concerned I think it’s important to get that out there, absolutely.

Tournament: Bronx Science | Round: Doubles | Opponent: River Hill DD | Judge: Sierra Underdue, Lawrence Grandpre, Jeffrey Miller
Observation 1 is The Inconvenient Truth
US Mexico cooperation on renewables exists now but it’s not enough
Donnelly 10 June 28th, 2010, Robert Donnelly is a Writer for the Wilson Center and News Security Beat, U.S. Mexico Cooperation on Renewable Energy: Building a Green Agenda”, http://www.newsecuritybeat.org/2010/06/u-s-mexico-cooperation-on-renewable-energy-building-a-green-agenda/#.Udc-aPnVBsk, accessed 7/5/2013
A U.S.-Mexico taskforce on renewables was recently formed—an announcement
AND
points for a broader U.S.-Mexico dialogue, she remarked.

US-Mexican action solves for renewable energy
Wood 10 May 2010, Duncan Wood is the Director of the Mexico Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. For 17 years, Dr. Wood was a professor and the director of the International Relations Program at the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM) in Mexico City. He also held the role of researcher at the Centro de Derecho Económico Internacional (CDEI) at ITAM, “Environment, Development and Growth: U.S.-Mexico Cooperation in Renewable Energies”, http://www.statealliancepartnership.org/resources_files/USMexico_Cooperation_Renewable_Energies.pdf
Further, this report argues that one of the factors that currently prevent the realization
AND
renewable energy sector holds enormous potential to contribute even more in the future.  

Cooperation leads to alternative energy development and solves climate change
Wood, ’13 May 2013, Duncan Wood is the Director of the Mexico Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. For 17 years, Dr. Wood was a professor and the director of the International Relations Program at the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM) in Mexico City. He also held the role of researcher at the Centro de Derecho Económico Internacional (CDEI) at ITAM, “Growing Potential for U.S.-Mexico Energy Cooperation”, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_new_era.pdf
The potential for effective collaboration between the two countries on questions on energy and climate
AND
talks on bilateral cooperation is therefore a priority that should not be underestimated.

The effects of climate change are disproportionately borne by minorities, but these needs are ignored
Foster et al., ‘9 “Ask the Climate Question: Adapting to Climate Change Impacts in Urban Region” June 2009 Ashley Lowe Josh Foster Steve Winkelman. Ashley Lowe has worked with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. She holds a B.A. in an interdisciplinary environmental program and a B.A. in Archaeology, both from the University of Virginia, and an M.S. in Environmental Policy from the University of Michigan. Josh Foster has over 14 years of experience working on climate adaptation, including 13 at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Science Program Office as a manager for climate research applications and services. Has worked at NOAA's National Climate Services, National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS), Regional Integrated Climate Sciences and Assessments (RISA) Program, the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), the Nobel Prize winning Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the US Global Change Research Program, the United Nations Development Program, the White House Office on Environmental Policy, and the White House Subcommittee on Water Availability and Quality (SWAQ). Josh also holds Masters in International Relations and in Environmental Management from Yale University, and a B.A. in International Relations and Environmental Policy, Minor in Latin American Studies, from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Steve Winkleman managed ICF’s Climate Wise industrial energy efficiency program for the US EPA. Steve is a member of the National Academy of Sciences’ Sustainable Transport Committee. He holds a BS in Physics from the University of Michigan and an MA in Public Policy from the University of Minnesota. http://www.ccap.org/docs/resources/674/Urban_Climate_Adaptation-FINAL_CCAP206-9-09.pdf
The populations most vulnerable to climate change impacts are often the poor, the elderly
AND
shelter for those without access to air conditioning during future intense heat events.

Discrimination mean marginalized communities are less likely to survive global warming which threatens their unique culture – the US has an obligation to help these populations
Minority Rights Groups International April 2008 Rachel Baird (MRG) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) working to secure the rights of ethnic, religious, and linguistic minorities worldwide, and to promote cooperation and understanding between communities, http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/ClimateChange/Submissions/Minority_Rights_Group_International.pdf
Climate change is just beginning to be articulated as a human rights issue – rather
AND
greenhouse gas emitter, bore more responsibility for this than any other nation.

This is equivalent to an ongoing genocide – climate deniers risk the lives of hundreds of millions
Hamilton 2009 November 16, 2009, Clive Hamilton is a Professor of Public Ethics at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics (CAPPE)1 and the Vice-Chancellor's Chair in Public Ethics at Charles Sturt University.2 He is the Founder and former Executive Director of the The Australia Institute. Overseas Commonwealth Postgraduate Scholar and completed his Doctorate at the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex. Senior Visiting Fellow of the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies of Yale University. Professor at Oxford, Denying the coming global holocaust http://www.crikey.com.au/2009/11/16/hamilton-denying-the-coming-climate-holocaust/
Climate sceptics resent being called deniers because of the odium associated with Holocaust revisionism.
AND
a high degree of certainty that if we do nothing they will die.

Racism must be rejected in every instance
Memmi ’00 2000, Albert is a Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ Unv. Of Paris, Albert-; RACISM, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163-165
The struggle against racism will be long, difficult, without intermission, without remission
AND
.  True, it is a wager, but the stakes are irresistible. 

?
And thus the plan, the United States Federal Government should substantially increase its economic engagement with Mexico via cooperation over renewable energy.

Observation 2 is the Discussion of Race
It is our decision-making as well as how we evaluate and search for the best policy option that must be exposed for how it represents an institutionally racist structure
Shaw, ’04 Katharine, Associate Professor of Urban Studies at Ohio State Using Feminist Critical Policy Analysis in the Realm of Higher Education: The Case of Welfare Reform as Gendered Educational Policy Source: The Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 75, No. 1, Special Issue: Questions of Research and Methodology, (Jan. - Feb., 2004), pp. 56-79
The methods and theoretical frameworks that dominate current policy analysis have been developed and implemented
AND
tied to prevailing relations of power" (1997a, p. 3). 

The role of the ballot is that you should view the debate through a critical race theory lens – white privilege is able to operate via invisibility in political discussions
Mills 97 Associate Prof of Philosophy @ U Illinois, Chicago, Charles-; The Racial Contract
Nationally, within these racial polities, the Racial Contract manifests itself in white resistance
AND
contribution) but unrelated to the history of transcontinental and intracontinental racial exploitation.

Yes, the nation-state is not perfect, but refusal to reform ignores our best tools for resistance – abandonment of the state is naïve and dangerous.
Dussel, ‘11 2011, Enrique Dussel, Professor of Philosophy at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, “From Critical Theory to the Philosophy of Liberation: Some Themes for Dialogue”, Transmodernity: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production, http://escholarship.org/uc/item/59m869d2
We should proceed in politics in the very same manner that Marx proceeded in economics
AND
state” is a strategic orienting principle that functions as a regulative horizon. 

The current struggle against global warming represents the invisibility of race at its finest – and we must connect the dots between racial discrimination and warming if we are to survive
Wise 2011 Tim Wise, April 13, 2011, served as an adjunct faculty member at the Smith College School for Social Work, in Northampton, Massachusetts, where he co-taught a Master’s level class on Racism in the U.S. In 2001, Wise trained journalists to eliminate racial bias in reporting, as a visiting faculty-in-residence at the Poynter Institute in St. Petersburg, Florida. From 1999-2003, Wise was an advisor to the Fisk University Race Relations Institute, in Nashville, and in the early ’90s he was Youth Coordinator and Associate Director of the Louisiana Coalition Against Racism and Nazism: the largest of the many groups organized for the purpose of defeating neo-Nazi political candidate, David Duke. He graduated from Tulane University in 1990 and received antiracism training from the People’s Institute for Survival and Beyond, in New Orleans, http://changefromwithin.org/2011/04/13/tim-wise-and-white-privilege/
But as troubling as colorblindness can be when evinced by liberals, colormuteness may be
AND
color and their concerns, but is to weaken the fight for survival.

Dialogue and communication matter in this context – connecting the risks of climate change to issues of social justice is critical
Moser and Dilling 2007 (Susanne Moser is a research scientist at the National Center
AND
Facilitating Social Change,” Cambridge University Press, Pg 14-16 Mkoo)
The relationship between the climate problem and stimulating societal responses via communication is clearly more
AND
new practices  how to move beyond message delivery and toward dialogue and engagement. 

Approaching WARMING without disrupting the RACIAL FRAMEWORK that exists MISSES the BOAT, FEAR of ERODING racial hierarchies explain INEFFECTUAL approaches to global warming.
Mandell ‘8 MANDELL Dir of the Champlain Valley Office of Economic Opportunity Fair Housing Project 2k8 Bekah-A.B., Vassar College, J.D., Boston College Law School, Father Rober Drinan Family Fund Public Interest Fellow; Racial Reification and Global Warming:  A Truly Inconvenient Truth; BOSTON COLLEGE THIRD WORLD LAW JOURNAL, Spring, 28 B.C. Third World L.J. 289
 *297 Fear of eroding the hierarchies that define race explains why politicians
AND
arise to threaten the predominance of the traditionalist, capitalist ruling class." n52

The exposition of institutional racism is the only solvency..
Davis ‘8 DAVIS prof of History of Consciousness and Feminist Studies @ UC, Santa Cruz 2k8
Angela Y.-former black panther, civil rights activist/scholar; Recognizing Racism in the Era of Neoliberalism, Vice Chancellor’s Oration; http://www.abc.net.au/news/opinion/speeches/files/20080318_davis.pdf
Because racism is viewed as an anachronistic vestige of the past, we fail to
AND
answered if we are able to recognize this deep structural life of racism.

This shifts the conditions of the debate – current focus in relation to climate change has only dealt with its existence.
Moser and Dilling ‘7 (Susanne Moser is a research scientist at the National
AND
and Facilitating Social Change,” Cambridge University Press, Pg 124-127)
The emerging climate-justice
AND
Into the territory of ethics, human rights, and social justice. \

It’s not a question of solvency, but one of exposition – we must constantly discursively challenge the dominant paradigms of climate denial – grassroots struggles are critical
Gore, ’11 Yes, THE Al Gore, Al Gore August 29th 2011. “Al Gore Compares Climate Change Deniers to Racists” This is a transcription of the video embedded in the page http://www.inquisitr.com/137269/al-gore-compares-climate-change-deniers-to-racists/
Gore: Yeah if Michael Jordan had been covered in the basketball court by four
AND
are concerned I think it’s important to get that out there, absolutely.

Tournament: Scranton | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wilson FP | Judge: Maneo Choudhury

1AC Scranton

Observation 1 is The Inconvenient Truth

The effects of climate change are disproportionately borne by minorities, but these needs are ignored
Foster et al., ’9 "Ask the Climate Question: Adapting to Climate Change Impacts in Urban Region" June 2009 Ashley Lowe Josh Foster Steve Winkelman. Ashley Lowe has worked with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. She holds a B.A. in an interdisciplinary environmental program and a B.A. in Archaeology, both from the University of Virginia, and an M.S. in Environmental Policy from the University of Michigan. Josh Foster has over 14 years of experience working on climate adaptation, including 13 at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Science Program Office as a manager for climate research applications and services. Has worked at NOAA’s National Climate Services, National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS), Regional Integrated Climate Sciences and Assessments (RISA) Program, the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), the Nobel Prize winning Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the US Global Change Research Program, the United Nations Development Program, the White House Office on Environmental Policy, and the White House Subcommittee on Water Availability and Quality (SWAQ). Josh also holds Masters in International Relations and in Environmental Management from Yale University, and a B.A. in International Relations and Environmental Policy, Minor in Latin American Studies, from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Steve Winkleman managed ICF’s Climate Wise industrial energy efficiency program for the US EPA. Steve is a member of the National Academy of Sciences’ Sustainable Transport Committee. He holds a BS in Physics from the University of Michigan and an MA in Public Policy from the University of Minnesota. http://www.ccap.org/docs/resources/674/Urban_Climate_Adaptation-FINAL_CCAP206-9-09.pdf
The populations most vulnerable to climate change impacts are often the poor, the elderly
AND
shelter for those without access to air conditioning during future intense heat events.

Discrimination mean marginalized communities are less likely to survive global warming which threatens their unique culture – the US has an obligation to help these populations
MRGI 2008 ~April 2008, Minority Rights Groups International, Rachel Baird (MRG) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) working to secure the rights of ethnic, religious, and linguistic minorities worldwide, and to promote cooperation and understanding between communities, http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/ClimateChange/Submissions/Minority_Rights_Group_International.pdf
Climate change is just beginning to be articulated as a human rights issue – rather
AND
greenhouse gas emitter, bore more responsibility for this than any other nation.

This is equivalent to an ongoing genocide – climate deniers risk the lives of hundreds of millions
Hamilton 2009 ~November 16, 2009, Clive Hamilton is a Professor of Public Ethics at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics (CAPPE)~1~ and the Vice-Chancellor’s Chair in Public Ethics at Charles Sturt University.~2~ He is the Founder and former Executive Director of the The Australia Institute. Overseas Commonwealth Postgraduate Scholar and completed his Doctorate at the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex. Senior Visiting Fellow of the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies of Yale University. Professor at Oxford, Denying the coming global holocaust http://www.crikey.com.au/2009/11/16/hamilton-denying-the-coming-climate-holocaust/
Climate sceptics resent being called deniers because of the odium associated with Holocaust revisionism.
AND
a high degree of certainty that if we do nothing they will die.

Racism must be rejected in every instance
Memmi ’00 ~2000, Albert is a Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ Unv. Of Paris, Albert-; RACISM, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163-165~
The struggle against racism will be long, difficult, without intermission, without remission
AND
.  True, it is a wager, but the stakes are irresistible. 

Coal-burning power plants have disproportionately affected minority communities – renewable energy production will alleviate the pressure
Lansing 12 ~December 6, 2012, Sean Lansing is a writer for the Maclver Institute, the 2012 Think Tank of the Year, and James Wigderson is a Special Guest Perspective for the Maclver Institute, "Coal is Racist?", http://www.maciverinstitute.com/2012/12/coal-is-racist/~~
If Santa Claus decides you’ve been naughty this year and brings you coal for Christmas
AND
not truly serving the minority population whose best interests they claim to represent.

US-Mexican action solves for renewable energy
Wood 10 ~May 2010, Duncan Wood is the Director of the Mexico Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. For 17 years, Dr. Wood was a professor and the director of the International Relations Program at the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM) in Mexico City. He also held the role of researcher at the Centro de Derecho Económico Internacional (CDEI) at ITAM, "Environment, Development and Growth: U.S.-Mexico Cooperation in Renewable Energies", http://www.statealliancepartnership.org/resources_files/USMexico_Cooperation_Renewable_Energies.pdf~~
Further, this report argues that one of the factors that currently prevent the realization
AND
renewable energy sector holds enormous potential to contribute even more in the future.  

Cooperation leads to alternative energy development and solves climate change
Wood, ’13 ~May 2013, Duncan Wood is the Director of the Mexico Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. For 17 years, Dr. Wood was a professor and the director of the International Relations Program at the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM) in Mexico City. He also held the role of researcher at the Centro de Derecho Económico Internacional (CDEI) at ITAM, "Growing Potential for U.S.-Mexico Energy Cooperation", http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_new_era.pdf~~
The potential for effective collaboration between the two countries on questions on energy and climate
AND
talks on bilateral cooperation is therefore a priority that should not be underestimated.

And thus the plan, the United States Federal Government should substantially increase its economic engagement with Mexico via cooperation over renewable energy

Observation 2 is the Discussion of Race

It is our decision-making as well as how we evaluate and search for the best policy option that must be exposed for how it represents an institutionally racist structure
Shaw, ’04 ~Katharine, Associate Professor of Urban Studies at Ohio State Using Feminist Critical Policy Analysis in the Realm of Higher Education: The Case of Welfare Reform as Gendered Educational Policy Source: The Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 75, No. 1, Special Issue: Questions of Research and Methodology, (Jan. - Feb., 2004), pp. 56-79~
The methods and theoretical frameworks that dominate current policy analysis have been developed and implemented
AND
tied to prevailing relations of power" (1997a, p. 3). 

The role of the ballot is that you should prefer the values of a racially just society. In order to meet these values we must come with a viable policy option that breaks down the racial hierarchies that dominate our political institutions.
Mills 97 ~Associate Prof of Philosophy @ U Illinois, Chicago, Charles-; The Racial Contract~
Nationally, within these racial policies, the Racial Contract manifests itself in white resistance
AND
contribution) but unrelated to the history of transcontinental and intracontinental racial exploitation.

Yes, the nation-state is not perfect, but refusal to reform ignores our best tools for resistance – abandonment of the state is naïve and dangerous.
Dussel, ’11 ~2011, Enrique Dussel, Professor of Philosophy at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, "From Critical Theory to the Philosophy of Liberation: Some Themes for Dialogue", Transmodernity: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production, http://escholarship.org/uc/item/59m869d2~~
We should proceed in politics in the very same manner that Marx proceeded in economics
AND
state" is a strategic orienting principle that functions as a regulative horizon. 

Prioritize racial discrimination in the face of utility calculus – attempts at neutrality are not race neutral and trample individual rights
Byrnes, ’99 ~Erin E. Byrnes, Arizona Law Review, Summer, 1999, 41 Ariz. L. Rev. 535~
A functionalist critique of utilitarianism could also be employed in this context to advocate the
AND
competition with societal goals, individual rights will be annihilated every time. 296

The current struggle against global warming represents the invisibility of race at its finest – and we must connect the dots between racial discrimination and warming if we are to survive
Wise 2011 ~Tim Wise, April 13, 2011, served as an adjunct faculty member at the Smith College School for Social Work, in Northampton, Massachusetts, where he co-taught a Master’s level class on Racism in the U.S. In 2001, Wise trained journalists to eliminate racial bias in reporting, as a visiting faculty-in-residence at the Poynter Institute in St. Petersburg, Florida. From 1999-2003, Wise was an advisor to the Fisk University Race Relations Institute, in Nashville, and in the early ’90s he was Youth Coordinator and Associate Director of the Louisiana Coalition Against Racism and Nazism: the largest of the many groups organized for the purpose of defeating neo-Nazi political candidate, David Duke. He graduated from Tulane University in 1990 and received antiracism training from the People’s Institute for Survival and Beyond, in New Orleans, http://changefromwithin.org/2011/04/13/tim-wise-and-white-privilege/ ~~
But as troubling as colorblindness can be when evinced by liberals, colormuteness may be
AND
color and their concerns, but is to weaken the fight for survival.

Dialogue and communication matter in this context – connecting the risks of climate change to issues of social justice is critical
Moser and Dilling 2007 (Susanne Moser is a research scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research’s (NCAR) Institute for the Study of Society and Environment, Boulder, Colorado. She is an Aldo Leopold Leadership Program fellow and an associate of the International Human Dimensions Program (IHDP) Core Project on Global Environmental Change and Human Security (GECHS). Lisa Dilling is a visiting fellow at the Center for Science and Technology Policy Research of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado at Boulder. She has been awarded a visiting fellowship by CIRES, a John A. Knauss National Sea Grant fellowship, and a National Science Foundation graduate fellowship. “Creating a Climate for Change: Communicating Climate Change and Facilitating Social Change,” Cambridge University Press, Pg 14-16 Mkoo)The relationship between the climate problem and stimulating societal responses via communication is clearly more
AND
new practices  how to move beyond message delivery and toward dialogue and engagement. 

Approaching WARMING without disrupting the RACIAL FRAMEWORK that exists MISSES the BOAT, FEAR of
AND
, 28 B.C. Third World L.J. 289~
 ~*297~ Fear of eroding the hierarchies that define race explains why politicians
AND
arise to threaten the predominance of the traditionalist, capitalist ruling class." n52

This shifts the conditions of the debate – current focus in relation to climate change has only dealt with its existence.
Moser and Dilling ’7 (Susanne Moser is a research scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research’s (NCAR) Institute for the Study of Society and Environment, Boulder, Colorado. She is an Aldo Leopold Leadership Program fellow and an associate of the International Human Dimensions Program (IHDP) Core Project on Global Environmental Change and Human Security (GECHS). Lisa Dilling is a visiting fellow at the Center for Science and Technology Policy Research of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado at Boulder. She has been awarded a visiting fellowship by CIRES, a John A. Knauss National Sea Grant fellowship, and a National Science Foundation graduate fellowship. “Creating a Climate for Change: Communicating Climate Change and Facilitating Social Change,” Cambridge University Press, Pg 14-16 Mkoo)The emerging climate-justice movement shifts the discursive framework of climate change from a scientifictechnical debate
AND
territory of ethics, human rights, and social justice. \

Reject their DAs – it is an attempt to deny reparations on the altar of political expediency
Cook 2000 ~2000, Anthony E. Cook is a Professor of Law at Georgetown University Law Center, "RACE AND RELIGION: REVISING ’AMERICA’S MOST SEGREGATED HOUR’: King and the Beloved Community: A Communitarian Defense of Black Reparations", The George Washington Law Review~
If private confession is good for the individual’s soul, societal confession is equally important
AND
humiliation have led to the historic atrocities committed against black people in America.

Tournament: Georgetown | Round: 2 | Opponent: Georgetown Day CT | Judge: Kyla Sommers
1AC – Plan
Plan: The United States Federal Government should implement the agreement between the United States and United Mexican States concerning Transboundary Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico

1AC – Relations
Contention 1 is Relations

US Mexico relations are at a pivotal point – failure to ratify the Transboundary Hydrocarbons Agreement erodes trusts and collapses relations
Kerry et al. ‘12 December/2012, JOHN F. KERRY is the secretary of state in the United States, ¶ BARBARA BOXER, California RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana¶ ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey BOB CORKER, Tennessee¶ BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho¶ ROBERT P. CASEY, Jr., Pennsylvania MARCO RUBIO, Florida¶ JIM WEBB, Virginia JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma¶ JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire JIM DeMINT, South Carolina¶ CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia¶ RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming¶ TOM UDALL, New Mexico MIKE LEE, Utah¶ William C. Danvers, Staff Director ¶ Kenneth A. Myers, Jr., Republican Staff Director, “OIL, MEXICO, AND THE AGREEMENT”, December 2012, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT77567/html/CPRT-112SPRT77567.htm
Perhaps the most important U.S.-specific benefits of the TBA are three
AND
companies could be shut out of certain opportunities until the TBA is ratified. 

Now is the time – investment in oil is the only thing that solves
Rubenstein ‘3-14 4/14/13, David M.
AND
U.S. Energy Security: Enhancing Partnerships with Mexico and Canada,”
The agreement also comes at a critical time for reform in the Mexican oil industry
AND
will be noticed, with potentially negative consequences for the broader bilateral relationship.

Effective cooperation is the only way to resolve the drug war
Brzezinski ‘12 2012, Zbigniew Brzezinski is a former National Security Adviser, “Strategic Vision: America and the Crisis of Global Power”, pp. 198-199
Defeating the narcotics pandemic would become exponentially more difficult if the United States declined,
AND
a state would stimulate further anti-Mexican tendencies in the United States.

A strong Mexico would boost multilateral cooperation – a collapse would cause international fallout. Relations are critical
O’Neal ’13 2013, Shannon K. O’Neil is a senior fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization, “Two Nations Indivisible”, it’s a book
Mexico's Crossroads. After nearly three transformative decades, Mexico is still in the midst
AND
misguided poli¬cies have and will have real consequences as Mexico faces its future.

US multilateralism is critical to legitimacy that solves extinction
Ikenberry ’2 John Ikenberry, Professor of Geopolitics and Global Justice @ Georgetown, October 2002, "America's Imperial Ambition—Foreign Affairs, lexis
Pitfalls accompany this neoimperial grand strategy, however. Unchecked U.S. power
AND
tend to trigger self-encirclement by their own overestimation of their power.

1AC – PEMEX
Contention 2 is Pemex

Pemex is dying due to decreased production – reforms to spur deep water drilling and private investment is needed to revitalize Pemex
Kerry et al. ‘12 December/2012, JOHN F. KERRY is the secretary of state in the United States, ¶ BARBARA BOXER, California RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana¶ ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey BOB CORKER, Tennessee¶ BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho¶ ROBERT P. CASEY, Jr., Pennsylvania MARCO RUBIO, Florida¶ JIM WEBB, Virginia JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma¶ JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire JIM DeMINT, South Carolina¶ CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia¶ RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming¶ TOM UDALL, New Mexico MIKE LEE, Utah¶ William C. Danvers, Staff Director ¶ Kenneth A. Myers, Jr., Republican Staff Director, “OIL, MEXICO, AND THE AGREEMENT”, December 2012, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT77567/html/CPRT-112SPRT77567.htm
Progress, but can it last? A snapshot of Mexico’s oil sector Mexico has
AND
poverty alleviation to the rule of law, let alone broader economic growth.

Current reforms are insufficient – International oil companies are deterred and privatization is not happening
Otillar ‘135/1/13, Steven Otillar, has been representing clients in the development, finance, acquisition and divestiture of domestic and international energy projects for over 15 years, with a particular emphasis on upstream projects in emerging markets, May 1, 2013, “Outlook for Mexico's Oil Industry -- Opportunities and Obstacles”, http://cdn.akingump.com/images/content/2/3/v2/23206/Akin-Otillar.pdf.
The Need for Reform Production from Mexico’s shallow offshore fields, including Cantarell, continues
AND
the number, type and complexity of projects being pursued in the aggregate.

TBA solves – it allows cooperation that leads to private investment in Mexico, increased production, and broader reforms
Brown and Meacham ’13 6/5/13 Neil Brown and Carl Meacham, Brown is non-resident fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States. Meacham is director of the Americas Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, June 6, 2013, “Time for US-Mexico Transboundary Agreement”, http://thehill.com/opinion/op-ed/303739-time-for-us-mexico-transboundary-agreement.
The United States-Mexico Transboundary Agreement (TBA) would enable cooperation between our
AND
partners. That is good for Mexico and for the U.S.

And ONLY the TBA can lead to sustained Mexican oil production – solves growth
Kerry et al. ‘12 December/2012, JOHN F. KERRY is the secretary of state in the United States, ¶ BARBARA BOXER, California RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana¶ ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey BOB CORKER, Tennessee¶ BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho¶ ROBERT P. CASEY, Jr., Pennsylvania MARCO RUBIO, Florida¶ JIM WEBB, Virginia JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma¶ JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire JIM DeMINT, South Carolina¶ CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia¶ RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming¶ TOM UDALL, New Mexico MIKE LEE, Utah¶ William C. Danvers, Staff Director ¶ Kenneth A. Myers, Jr., Republican Staff Director, “OIL, MEXICO, AND THE AGREEMENT”, December 2012, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT77567/html/CPRT-112SPRT77567.htm
The centerpiece of the TBA is the mandate to establish so-called ‘‘unitization’’
AND
and friendly neighbor, Mexican oil imports support U.S. energy security

And the warrant is reverse casual – oil decline causes Mexican economic collapse
Krauss and Malkin ‘10 3/8/10, Clifford Kraus and Elisabeth Malkin, Krauss is a national business correspondent based in Houston covering energy for the NYT, Malkin covers environmental and energy news especially for Mexico for the NYT, “Mexico Oil Politics Keeps Riches Just Out of Reach”, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/09/business/global/09pemex.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0.
VENUSTIANO CARRANZA, Mexico — To the Mexican people, one of the great achievements
AND
, Pemex is in a key moment in its history,” he said.

Mexico’s economy is critical to the US – collapse causes decline of US economy and competitiveness
O’Neal ’13 2013, Shannon K. O’Neil is a senior fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization, “Two Nations Indivisible”, it’s a book
The Binational Road Forward. Mexico has come a long way in the last three
AND
already seen both sides of the border before hitting the showroom down south.

Competitiveness solves Great power war
Baru, ‘9 March 2009, Sanjaya Barus is visiting Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy in Singapore Geopolitical Implications of the Current Global Financial Crisis, Strategic Analysis, Volume 33, Issue 2 March 2009, pages 163 – 168
Hence, economic policies and performance do have strategic consequences. In the modern era
AND
they will do so once again in today's America remains to be seen.

The US is key to the global economy
Caploe ‘9 David is the Chief Political Economist at Economy Watch and holds a PhD in International Political Economy from Princeton. April 7, 2009, The Straits Times, “Focus still on America to lead global recovery,”  http://acalaha.com/STarticle07Apr09.pdf
IN THE aftermath of the G-20 summit, most observers seem to have
AND
- has cascaded into the worst global economic crisis since the Great Depression.

Global economic decline leads to miscalculation and crisis escalation—escalates
Harris and Burrows, ‘09 Mathew, PhD European History at Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer, member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf
Increased Potential for Global Conflict Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and
AND
within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.

Broad studies prove our argument
Royal, ‘10 2010, Jedediah Royal is the Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives”, ed. By Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
AND
such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.

1AC – Oil Spills
Contention 3 is oil spills 

We control uniqueness – Pemex is about to drill alone – they don’t have the safety to prevent a spill
Shields ‘12 2/20/12, David Shields is an independent energy analyst based in Mexico City, quoted by the Inter-American Dialogue. “Q and A: Is Mexico Prepared for Deepwater Drilling in the Gulf?” Inter-American Dialogue, February 20-24, http://repository.unm.edu/bitstream/handle/1928/20477/Is20Mexico20Prepared20for20Deepwater20Drilling20in20the20Gulf.pdf?sequence=1
"They say that if a country does not defend its borders, then others
AND
has come and gone. The next disaster is just waiting to happen."

The plan is solves – creates joint inspections and US expertise that prevens spills
Broder and Krauss ‘12 2/20/12, John M. Broder reported from Washington, and Clifford Krauss from Houston, both for the New York Times. “U.S. in Accord With Mexico on Drilling”, February 20, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/21/world/americas/mexico-and-us-agree-on-oil-and-gas-development-in-gulf.html?_r=1andref=americas
WASHINGTON — The United States and Mexico reached agreement on Monday on regulating oil and
AND
to argue that his policies have led to a surge in domestic production.

It spills over to the entire Gulf of Mexico
Velarde ‘12 3/19/12, Velarde is an Attorney and Counselor-at-Law, admitted in Mexico in 1988, and in the State of New York in 1991. Mr. López-Velarde held various positions at Pemex during 1988-1993, including that of Financial Advisor to the Finance Department, In-House Counsel in Houston, Texas, In-House Counsel in New York, and Head of the International Legal Department of Pemex. He was honored with the “Most Distinguished Attorney Award” of Pemex for the period 1990-1991. “US-Mexican treaty on Gulf of Mexico transboundary reservoirs”, International Law Office, http://www.internationallawoffice.com/newsletters/detail.aspx?g=b9326bf8-f27f-43ff-b45a-1b2b70ccb217
Pemex has indicated that it has no information to confirm the existence of a transboundary
AND
) would agree to harmonise applicable standards only in respect of transboundary reservoirs.

Your resiliency arguments don’t apply to the Gulf – BP put us on the brink
Craig ‘11 12/20/11, Robin Kundis Craig, Attorneys’ Title Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Environmental Programs, Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, Florida, “Legal Remedies for Deep Marine Oil Spills and Long-Term Ecological Resilience: A Match Made in Hell” http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1906839
Importantly, however, the second aspect of resilience theory acknowledges that ecosystems can exist
AND
tourism and the environment on which they depend for future generations.”16

The Gulf is a key ocean biodiversity hotspot
Brenner ‘8 3/14/08,  Jorge Brenner, "Guarding the Gulf of Mexico's valuable resources" www.scidev.net/en/opinions/guarding-the-gulf-of-mexico-s-valuable-resources.html
Rich in biodiversity and habitats¶ The Gulf of Mexico is rich in biodiversity and
AND
in the North Atlantic that helps to regulate the climate of western Europe.

Outweighs any other impact
Chen ‘2K Jim Chen is a Professor of law U of Minnesota, Now Dean of Law School at Louisville “Globalization and Its Losers”, 9 Minn. J. Global Trade 157’
The spread of Homo sapiens around the earth have brought about mass extinctions and related
AND
by Homo sapiens - in ten million years, perhaps a hundred million.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 2 | Opponent: Ransom Everglades GP | Judge: Maddie Langr
1AC – Plan
Plan: The United States Federal Government should implement the agreement between the United States and United Mexican States concerning Transboundary Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico

1AC – Relations
Contention 1 is Relations

US Mexico relations are at a pivotal point – failure to ratify the Transboundary Hydrocarbons Agreement erodes trusts and collapses relations
Kerry et al. 12 (JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts, Chairman ¶ BARBARA BOXER, California RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana¶ ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey BOB CORKER, Tennessee¶ BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho¶ ROBERT P. CASEY, Jr., Pennsylvania MARCO RUBIO, Florida¶ JIM WEBB, Virginia JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma¶ JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire JIM DeMINT, South Carolina¶ CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia¶ RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming¶ TOM UDALL, New Mexico MIKE LEE, Utah¶ William C. Danvers, Staff Director ¶ Kenneth A. Myers, Jr., Republican Staff Director, “OIL, MEXICO, AND THE AGREEMENT”, December 2012, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT77567/html/CPRT-112SPRT77567.htm)
Perhaps the most important U.S.-specific benefits of the TBA are three
AND
companies could be shut out of certain opportunities until the TBA is ratified. 

Now is the time – investment in oil is the only thing that solves
Rubenstein 3-14
David Rubenstein, Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment, March 14, 2013, “U.S. Energy Security: Enhancing Partnerships with Mexico and Canada”
The agreement also comes at a critical time for reform in the Mexican oil industry
AND
will be noticed, with potentially negative consequences for the broader bilateral relationship.

Increased relations is key to stop the spread of drug trafficking
Olson 9 (Eric L., M.A., International Affairs, American University; B.A., History and Secondary Education, Trinity College, Associate Director of the Latin American Program at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, as a Senior Specialist in the Department for Promotion of Good Governance at the Organization of American States, January 2009, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/The20U.S.20and20Mexico.20Towards20a20Strategic20Partnership.pdf)
It is time to strengthen the U.S. relationship with Mexico. There
AND
develop a comprehensive and bilateral approach ¶ that limits the reach of organized crime

Failure to stop the drug war causes broader Latin American instability
Shirk 11 (David A., Associate Professor, Political Science, and Director, Trans-Border Institute, University of San Diego, “The Drug War in Mexico Confronting a Shared Threat”, March 2011, pg. 26-27)
The opportunity for effective U.S.-Mexico cooperation to address these shared concerns
AND
, and a more sensible policy for managing the harms associated with drugs.

Latin America instability causes extinction
Manwaring ‘5 – adjunct professor of international politics at Dickinson
(Max G., Retired U.S. Army colonel, Venezuela’s Hugo Chávez
AND
and their associated problems endanger global security, peace, and prosperity.65

Mexican collapse causes U.S. isolationism
Haddick 8 (Robert, Managing Editor, Small Wars Journal, former U.S. Marine Corps officer, advisor for the State Department and the National Intelligence Council on irregular warfare issues, former Director of Research at the Fremont Group, http://westhawk.blogspot.com/2008/12/now-that-would-change-everything.html, MH)
There is one dynamic in the literature of weak and failing states that has received
AND
Asia. However, there would be no running from a Mexican collapse. 

Hegemony prevents multiple nuclear conflicts
Brooks, Ikenberry, and Wohlforth ’13
(Stephen, Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, John Ikenberry is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, William C. Wohlforth is the Daniel Webster Professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College “Don’t Come Home America: The Case Against Retrenchment,” International Security, Vol. 37, No. 3 (Winter 2012/13), pp. 7–51)
A core premise of deep engagement is that it prevents the emergence of a far
AND
that of potential rivals is by many measures growing rather than shrinking. 85

War is at its lowest level in history because of US primacy-~--best statistical studies prove
Owen 11 (John M. Owen Professor of Politics at University of Virginia PhD from Harvard "DON’T DISCOUNT HEGEMONY" Feb 11 www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony)
Our colleagues at Simon Fraser University are brave indeed. That may sound like a
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U.S. material and moral support for liberal democracy remains strong.

1AC – PEMEX
Contention 2 is Pemex

Pemex is dying due to decreased production – reforms to spur deep water drilling and private investment is needed to revitalize Pemex
Kerry et al. 12
(JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts, Chairman ¶ BARBARA BOXER, California RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana¶ ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey BOB CORKER, Tennessee¶ BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho¶ ROBERT P. CASEY, Jr., Pennsylvania MARCO RUBIO, Florida¶ JIM WEBB, Virginia JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma¶ JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire JIM DeMINT, South Carolina¶ CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia¶ RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming¶ TOM UDALL, New Mexico MIKE LEE, Utah¶ William C. Danvers, Staff Director ¶ Kenneth A. Myers, Jr., Republican Staff Director, “OIL, MEXICO, AND THE AGREEMENT”, December 2012, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT77567/html/CPRT-112SPRT77567.htm)
Progress, but can it last? A snapshot of Mexico’s oil sector Mexico has
AND
poverty alleviation to the rule of law, let alone broader economic growth.

Current reforms are insufficient – International oil companies are deterred and privatization is not happening
Otillar 5-1 Steven Otillar, has been representing clients in the development, finance, acquisition and divestiture of domestic and international energy projects for over 15 years, with a particular emphasis on upstream projects in emerging markets, May 1, 2013, “Outlook for Mexico's Oil Industry -- Opportunities and Obstacles”, http://cdn.akingump.com/images/content/2/3/v2/23206/Akin-Otillar.pdf.
The Need for Reform Production from Mexico’s shallow offshore fields, including Cantarell, continues
AND
the number, type and complexity of projects being pursued in the aggregate.

TBA solves – it allows cooperation that leads to private investment in Mexico, increased production, and broader reforms
Brown and Meacham 6-5
Neil Brown and Carl Meacham, Brown is non-resident fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States. Meacham is director of the Americas Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, June 6, 2013, “Time for US-Mexico Transboundary Agreement”, http://thehill.com/opinion/op-ed/303739-time-for-us-mexico-transboundary-agreement.
The United States-Mexico Transboundary Agreement (TBA) would enable cooperation between our
AND
partners. That is good for Mexico and for the U.S.

And ONLY the TBA can lead to sustained Mexican oil production – solves growth
Kerry et al. 12
(JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts, Chairman ¶ BARBARA BOXER, California RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana¶ ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey BOB CORKER, Tennessee¶ BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho¶ ROBERT P. CASEY, Jr., Pennsylvania MARCO RUBIO, Florida¶ JIM WEBB, Virginia JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma¶ JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire JIM DeMINT, South Carolina¶ CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia¶ RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming¶ TOM UDALL, New Mexico MIKE LEE, Utah¶ William C. Danvers, Staff Director ¶ Kenneth A. Myers, Jr., Republican Staff Director, “OIL, MEXICO, AND THE AGREEMENT”, December 2012, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT77567/html/CPRT-112SPRT77567.htm)
The centerpiece of the TBA is the mandate to establish so-called ‘‘unitization’’
AND
and friendly neighbor, Mexican oil imports support U.S. energy security

And the warrant is reverse casual – oil decline causes Mexican economic collapse
Krauss and Malkin 10 Clifford Kraus and Elisabeth Malkin, Krauss is a national business correspondent based in Houston covering energy for the NYT, Malkin covers environmental and energy news especially for Mexico for the NYT, March 8, 2010, “Mexico Oil Politics Keeps Riches Just Out of Reach”, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/09/business/global/09pemex.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0.
VENUSTIANO CARRANZA, Mexico — To the Mexican people, one of the great achievements
AND
, Pemex is in a key moment in its history,” he said.

Mexico’s economy is critical to the US – collapse causes decline of US economy and competitiveness
O’Neal ’13 2013, Shannon K. O’Neil is a senior fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization, “Two Nations Indivisible”, it’s a book
The Binational Road Forward. Mexico has come a long way in the last three
AND
already seen both sides of the border before hitting the showroom down south.

The US is key to the global economy
Caploe 9 David is the Chief Political Economist at Economy Watch and holds a PhD in International Political Economy from Princeton. April 7, 2009, The Straits Times, “Focus still on America to lead global recovery,”  http://acalaha.com/STarticle07Apr09.pdf
IN THE aftermath of the G-20 summit, most observers seem to have
AND
- has cascaded into the worst global economic crisis since the Great Depression.

Global economic decline leads to miscalculation and crisis escalation—escalates
Harris and Burrows, ‘09 Mathew, PhD European History at Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer, member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf
Increased Potential for Global Conflict Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and
AND
within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.

Broad studies support our argument
ROYAL 10  Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense
 Jedediah Royal, 2010, Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises, in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
AND
not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.

1AC – Oil Spills
Contention 3 is Oil Spills
Absent the plan, oil spills are inevitable
Shields 12 – David is an independent energy analyst based in Mexico City, quoted by the Inter-American Dialogue. (“Q and A: Is Mexico Prepared for Deepwater Drilling in the Gulf?” Inter-American Dialogue, February 20-24, http://repository.unm.edu/bitstream/handle/1928/20477/Is20Mexico20Prepared20for20Deepwater20Drilling20in20the20Gulf.pdf?sequence=1)
"They say that if a country does not defend its borders, then others
AND
has come and gone. The next disaster is just waiting to happen."

The plan is key—joint inspections and US expertise are unique
Broder and Krauss 12 – John M. Broder reported from Washington, and Clifford Krauss from Houston, both for the New York Times. (“U.S. in Accord With Mexico on Drilling”, February 20, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/21/world/americas/mexico-and-us-agree-on-oil-and-gas-development-in-gulf.html?_r=1andref=americas)
WASHINGTON — The United States and Mexico reached agreement on Monday on regulating oil and
AND
to argue that his policies have led to a surge in domestic production.

Regardless of regulations, joint inspections solve
Baker 12 – George is the publisher of Mexico Energy Intelligence. (“Q and A: Is Mexico Prepared for Deepwater Drilling in the Gulf?” Inter-American Dialogue, February 20-24, http://repository.unm.edu/bitstream/handle/1928/20477/Is20Mexico20Prepared20for20Deepwater20Drilling20in20the20Gulf.pdf?sequence=1)
"The serious issues of corporate governance and regulation in the shadow of the Macondo
AND
safety and occupational safety to be carried out separately, by different teams."

The plan spills over the environmental protection in the entire Gulf of Mexico
Velarde 12 – Attorney and Counselor-at-Law, admitted in Mexico in 1988, and in the State of New York in 1991. Mr. López-Velarde held various positions at Pemex during 1988-1993, including that of Financial Advisor to the Finance Department, In-House Counsel in Houston, Texas, In-House Counsel in New York, and Head of the International Legal Department of Pemex. He was honored with the “Most Distinguished Attorney Award” of Pemex for the period 1990-1991. (“US-Mexican treaty on Gulf of Mexico transboundary reservoirs”, International Law Office, March 19, 2012, http://www.internationallawoffice.com/newsletters/detail.aspx?g=b9326bf8-f27f-43ff-b45a-1b2b70ccb217)
Pemex has indicated that it has no information to confirm the existence of a transboundary
AND
) would agree to harmonise applicable standards only in respect of transboundary reservoirs.

Resiliency does not apply to Gulf Coast ecosystems—another spill will destroy marine biodiversity
Craig 11 (Robin Kundis Craig, Attorneys’ Title Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Environmental Programs, Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, Florida, 12/20/11 “Legal Remedies for Deep Marine Oil Spills and Long-Term Ecological Resilience: A Match Made in Hell” http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1906839)
Importantly, however, the second aspect of resilience theory acknowledges that ecosystems can exist
AND
tourism and the environment on which they depend for future generations.”16

The Gulf is a key ocean biodiversity hotspot
Brenner 8 – Jorge Brenner, March 14th, 2008, "Guarding the Gulf of Mexico's valuable resources" www.scidev.net/en/opinions/guarding-the-gulf-of-mexico-s-valuable-resources.html
Rich in biodiversity and habitats¶ The Gulf of Mexico is rich in biodiversity and
AND
in the North Atlantic that helps to regulate the climate of western Europe.

Extinction
Clark and Downes 6
Dana Clark, Center for International Environmental Law, and David Downes, US Interior Dept. Policy Analysis Senior Trade Advisor, 2006, What price biodiversity?, http://www.ciel.org/Publications/summary.html
Biodiversity is the diversity of life on earth, on which we depend for our
AND
we lose the opportunity for mental or spiritual rejuvenation through contact with nature.

There’s an invisible threshold
Craig 11 (Robin Kundis Craig, Attorneys’ Title Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Environmental Programs, Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, Florida, 12/20/11 “Legal Remedies for Deep Marine Oil Spills and Long-Term Ecological Resilience: A Match Made in Hell” http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1906839)
What would happen instead if we incorporated full resilience theory into our laws? As
AND
actions do to the ecosystems that we both impact and depend upon.185

Ocean biodiversity is the fundamental building block for all life
Craig 3 (Robin Kundis Craig, Associate Professor of Law, Indiana University School of Law, 2k3 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155)
Biodiversity and ecosystem function arguments for conserving marine ecosystems also exist, just as they
AND
- even if a few fishers go out of business as a result.

Tournament: Contact Information | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
I will try to post all 1ACs and 1NCs after every tournament as soon as I can. If you want any specific 2AC or block cites, email us at:

Sahil Shah -- spshah@mcdonogh.org (2A/2N)

Harini Radhakrishnan -- hradhakrishnan@mcdonogh.org (1A/1N)