Tournament: ASU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Desert Vista GM | Judge: Gupta

Contention one is the prisons

US policy towards the Mexican border is defined by the immigration-industrial complex – the criminalization of immigration and its related incarceration is the new billion-dollar industry

Golash-Boza, 9 (Tanya, Assistant Professor at the University of Kansas, 2009, "The Immigration Industrial Complex: Why We Enforce Immigration Policies Destined to Fail", Sociology Compass Vol. 3 No. 2, pdf)ZBris
There are currently over 12 million people in the United States who do not have
AND
this evidence, similar tactics are being deployed with even more force today.

and, these policies facilitate large flows of capital and have made Latinos the majority in federal prisons

Carlsen, 12 (Laura, Director of the Mexico City-based Americas Program of the Center for International Policy and a columnist for Foreign Policy, December 12, 2012, "How Private Prisons Profit From the Criminalization of Immigrants", http://www.counterpunch.org/2012/12/12/how-private-prisons-profit-from-the-criminalization-of-immigrants/)ZBris
A series of recent laws have redefined undocumented immigration from an administrative infraction to a
AND
billions of dollars, much of it paid to the private prison industry.

and, prisons breed social instability – removal of citizens locks them out of stabilizing social and economic institutions

Gilmore, 7 (Ruth Wilson, Associate Professor of Geography at UC Berkeley, 2007, "Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California", p. 16-17)ZBris
With the vexing question of difference in mind, let’s return to the problem of
AND
of whether they have done time (Mauer and Chesney-Lind 2002).

Contention two is the round

The resolution provides an opportunity to examine the immigration-industrial complex – undocumented migration is historically a key point of economic engagement between the US and Mexico

Golash-Boza, 9 (Tanya, Assistant Professor at the University of Kansas, 2009, "The Immigration Industrial Complex: Why We Enforce Immigration Policies Destined to Fail", Sociology Compass Vol. 3 No. 2, pdf)ZBris
In 2006, the top ten countries from which undocumented immigrants hailed were Mexico (
AND
mass migration has created a large undocumented Mexican population in the United States.

But the discussions are missing – traditional educational strategies cede the forces of the prison-industrial complex. The prison-industrial complex and the political drive against immigration are part of a strategy of domestic militarization by the state.

Giroux, 3 (Henry, Department of English and Cultural Studies, McMaster University, Canada, 2003, "Zero Tolerance, Domestic Militarization, and the War Against Youth", Social Justice,  Vol. 30, No. 2)ZBris
I WISH TO ARGUE THAT AS THE STATE IS HOLLOWED OUT AND SHIFTS ITS EMPHASIS
AND
and intellectual courage to the refusal to surrender knowledge to the highest bidder.

Immigration is framed by a culture of cruelty that produce moral panics – acts as a tool of the state

Giroux, 13 (Henry, Department of English and Cultural Studies, McMaster University, Canada, 2013, "America’s Education Deficit and the War on Youth", p. 96)ZBris
An echo of the conditions that are responsible for Trayvon Martin’s senseless killing can be
AND
Symptoms of ethical, political, and economic impoverishment are all around us.

This militarization and the prison-industrial complex have seized education. As a result youth have been deemed disposable – their commodification has justified institutional violence, killed the body politic, and served prisons through a governing-through-crime complex.

Giroux, 13 (Henry, Department of English and Cultural Studies, McMaster University, Canada, 2013, "America’s Education Deficit and the War on Youth", p. 108-110)ZBris
What has changed about an entire generation of young people includes not only neoliberal society’s
AND
Under such circumstances, all bets are off regarding the future of democracy.

Education has been claimed by conservative intellectuals – the state’s number one priority is now punishment

Giroux, 13 (Henry, Department of English and Cultural Studies, McMaster University, Canada, 2013, "America’s Education Deficit and the War on Youth", p. 40-42)ZBris
The conservative takeover of public pedagogy has a long history, extending from the work
AND
specifically for the purpose of advocating industry interests in policy and regulatory debates."

Ethical considerations are impossible under this educational framework – justifies mass death

Giroux, 13 (Henry, Department of English and Cultural Studies, McMaster University, Canada, 2013, "America’s Education Deficit and the War on Youth", p. 99-100)ZBris
Too many young people have not only been expelled from American society, but are
AND
are as punishing in their effects as they are cruel in their conception.

Thus the role of the ballot is who has the best methodological orientation towards the immigration-industrial complex. We argue this round must act as a larger challenge to the way prison-industrial complex impacts education and the youth in order to address resolutional questions on the detention of migrants.

and, the status quo of the prison-industrial complex is plagued by social invisibility – public critical discourse acts as a key challenge

Davis, 99 (Angela, PhD in philosophy from Humboldt University, 1999, "Globalism and the prison industrial complex: an interview with Angela Davis", Race Class, 40; 145)ZBris
How many of us have stood outside a prison, let alone been inside one
AND
movements that can legitimise anti-capitalist critiques of the prison industrial complex.

To place ourselves in terms of the USFG is to cede the prison-industrial complex – political actions reflect powerful interests

Golash-Boza, 9 (Tanya, Assistant Professor at the University of Kansas, 2009, "The Immigration Industrial Complex: Why We Enforce Immigration Policies Destined to Fail", Sociology Compass Vol. 3 No. 2, pdf)ZBris
The prison industrial complex is maintained because of fear of crime, political maneuvers and
AND
has a minimal effect on crime rates (King et al. 2005).

====and, separating ourselves from policymaking is key – frameworks intimate with policy processes cedes interest groups, dilutes the public sphere, and derails the criticism====
Young, 90 (Iris Marion, Associate Professor of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh, 1990, "Justice and the Politics of Difference", p. 73)ZBris
When each agent or organization acts to promote its own specific interests through government agency
AND
Under these circumstances it is little wonder that citizens are often politically apathetic. 

Separating ourselves from government action is key – reformist politics fail

Gilmore, 7 (Ruth Wilson, Associate Professor of Geography at UC Berkeley, 2007, "Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California", p. 242-243)ZBris
The proliferation of antiprison groups during the decade when this book was in progress indicates
AND
—which then creates the possibility of further, sometimes innovative , action.

and, alternatives cede oppression – solutions to oppression must have their root in criticism of power structures

Young, 90 (Iris Marion, Associate Professor of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh, 1990, "Justice and the Politics of Difference", p. 31- 32)ZBris
A distributive understanding of power, which treats power as some kind of stuff that
AND
understanding misses the way in which the powerful enact and reproduce their power.

Consideration of the structural conditions of the resolution is a prerequisite – inseparable from education

Giroux, 13 (Henry, Department of English and Cultural Studies, McMaster University, Canada, 2013, "America’s Education Deficit and the War on Youth", p. 128)ZBris
It is impossible to separate classroom experiences from the economic and political conditions that shape
AND
brought to bear on critical activates that offer the possibility of democratic change.

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 2 | Opponent: SVDP GL | Judge: Rodriguez
Same as ASU

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: GBS CM | Judge: Yang

Contention one is the prisons

US policy towards the Mexican border is defined by the immigration-industrial complex – the criminalization of immigration and its related incarceration is the new billion-dollar industry

Golash-Boza, 9 (Tanya, Assistant Professor at the University of Kansas, 2009, "The Immigration Industrial Complex: Why We Enforce Immigration Policies Destined to Fail", Sociology Compass Vol. 3 No. 2, pdf)ZBris
There are currently over 12 million people in the United States who do not have
AND
this evidence, similar tactics are being deployed with even more force today.

and, these policies facilitate large flows of capital and have made Latinos/Latinas the majority in federal prisons

Carlsen, 12 (Laura, Director of the Mexico City-based Americas Program of the Center for International Policy and a columnist for Foreign Policy, December 12, 2012, "How Private Prisons Profit From the Criminalization of Immigrants", http://www.counterpunch.org/2012/12/12/how-private-prisons-profit-from-the-criminalization-of-immigrants/)ZBris
A series of recent laws have redefined undocumented immigration from an administrative infraction to a
AND
billions of dollars, much of it paid to the private prison industry.

Contention two is the round

The resolution provides an opportunity to examine the immigration-industrial complex – undocumented migration is historically a key point of economic engagement between the US and Mexico

Golash-Boza, 9 (Tanya, Assistant Professor at the University of Kansas, 2009, "The Immigration Industrial Complex: Why We Enforce Immigration Policies Destined to Fail", Sociology Compass Vol. 3 No. 2, pdf)ZBris
In 2006, the top ten countries from which undocumented immigrants hailed were Mexico (
AND
mass migration has created a large undocumented Mexican population in the United States.

But the discussions are missing – traditional educational strategies cede the forces of the prison-industrial complex. The prison-industrial complex and the political drive against immigration are part of a strategy of domestic militarization by the state.

Giroux, 3 (Henry, Department of English and Cultural Studies, McMaster University, Canada, 2003, "Zero Tolerance, Domestic Militarization, and the War Against Youth", Social Justice,  Vol. 30, No. 2)ZBris
I WISH TO ARGUE THAT AS THE STATE IS HOLLOWED OUT AND SHIFTS ITS EMPHASIS
AND
and intellectual courage to the refusal to surrender knowledge to the highest bidder.

Immigration is framed by a culture of cruelty that produce moral panics – acts as a tool of the state

Giroux, 13 (Henry, Department of English and Cultural Studies, McMaster University, Canada, 2013, "America’s Education Deficit and the War on Youth", p. 96)ZBris
An echo of the conditions that are responsible for Trayvon Martin’s senseless killing can be
AND
Symptoms of ethical, political, and economic impoverishment are all around us.

This militarization and the prison-industrial complex have seized education. As a result youth have been deemed disposable – their commodification has justified institutional violence, killed the body politic, and served prisons through a governing-through-crime complex.

Giroux, 13 (Henry, Department of English and Cultural Studies, McMaster University, Canada, 2013, "America’s Education Deficit and the War on Youth", p. 108-110)ZBris
What has changed about an entire generation of young people includes not only neoliberal society’s
AND
Under such circumstances, all bets are off regarding the future of democracy.

Education has been claimed by conservative intellectuals – the state’s number one priority is now punishment

Giroux, 13 (Henry, Department of English and Cultural Studies, McMaster University, Canada, 2013, "America’s Education Deficit and the War on Youth", p. 40-42)ZBris
The conservative takeover of public pedagogy has a long history, extending from the work
AND
specifically for the purpose of advocating industry interests in policy and regulatory debates."

Ethical considerations are impossible under this educational framework – justifies mass death

Giroux, 13 (Henry, Department of English and Cultural Studies, McMaster University, Canada, 2013, "America’s Education Deficit and the War on Youth", p. 99-100)ZBris
Too many young people have not only been expelled from American society, but are
AND
are as punishing in their effects as they are cruel in their conception.

Thus the role of the ballot is who has the best methodological orientation towards the immigration-industrial complex. We argue this round must act as a larger challenge to the way prison-industrial complex impacts education and the youth in order to address resolutional questions on the detention of migrants.

and, the status quo of the prison-industrial complex is plagued by social invisibility – public critical discourse acts as a key challenge

Davis, 99 (Angela, PhD in philosophy from Humboldt University, 1999, "Globalism and the prison industrial complex: an interview with Angela Davis", Race Class, 40; 145)ZBris
How many of us have stood outside a prison, let alone been inside one
AND
movements that can legitimise anti-capitalist critiques of the prison industrial complex.

To place ourselves in terms of the USFG is to cede the prison-industrial complex – political actions reflect powerful interests

Golash-Boza, 9 (Tanya, Assistant Professor at the University of Kansas, 2009, "The Immigration Industrial Complex: Why We Enforce Immigration Policies Destined to Fail", Sociology Compass Vol. 3 No. 2, pdf)ZBris
The prison industrial complex is maintained because of fear of crime, political maneuvers and
AND
has a minimal effect on crime rates (King et al. 2005).

and, separating ourselves from policymaking is key – frameworks intimate with policy processes cedes interest groups, dilutes the public sphere, and derails the criticism

Young, 90 (Iris Marion, Associate Professor of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh, 1990, "Justice and the Politics of Difference", p. 73)ZBris
When each agent or organization acts to promote its own specific interests through government agency
AND
Under these circumstances it is little wonder that citizens are often politically apathetic. 

Separating ourselves from government action is key – reformist politics fail

Gilmore, 7 (Ruth Wilson, Associate Professor of Geography at UC Berkeley, 2007, "Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California", p. 242-243)ZBris
The proliferation of antiprison groups during the decade when this book was in progress indicates
AND
—which then creates the possibility of further, sometimes innovative , action.

Procedural rejections of our method establish debate as a police order, as a replica of the prison.  This attempt to build a politics out of consensus destroys the potentiality of politics and silences the voices of the marginal.

Cachopo, 13 (João, Ph.D. in Philosophy from Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Theoria and Praxis, "Disagreeing before acting: The paradoxes of critique and politics from Adorno to Rancière", Volume 1, Issue 1)
II. Politics versus police in a transcendental mood To begin with, let me
AND
also been accused of assuming an intellectualist stance, constantly rejected as well).

Tournament: SWSDIT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Brophy SS | Judge: Chotras

US policy towards the Mexican border is defined by the immigration-industrial complex – the criminalization of immigration and its related incarceration is the new billion-dollar industry

Golash-Boza, 9 (Tanya, Assistant Professor at the University of Kansas, 2009, "The Immigration Industrial Complex: Why We Enforce Immigration Policies Destined to Fail", Sociology Compass Vol. 3 No. 2, pdf)ZBris
There are currently over 12 million people in the United States who do not have
AND
this evidence, similar tactics are being deployed with even more force today.

The very logic of border policy upholds the US prison regime

Coleman, 5 (M. Coleman, Department of Geography, University of California at Los Angeles, 2005, "U.S. statecraft and the U.S.–Mexico border as security/economy nexus", http://www.elsevierscitech.com/pdfs/JPGQ/2005_US_statecraft_and_the_US_Mexico_border_as_securityeconomy_nexus.pdf)ZBris
Although not denying the symbolic importance of U.S. geopolitical practice in the
AND
. geopolitical and geoeconomic policies in the region rather than their intended coherences.

Independently, discussions of narcotics on the resolution are an ideological investment in the prison regime

Rodriguez, 4 (Dylan, assistant professor of ethnic studies at the University of California, Riverside, December 2004, "Forced Passages: Imprisoned Radical Intellectuals and the U.S. Prison Regime", p. 17-18, PDF)ZBris
Statecraft under these conditions required a qualitative transformation and expansion of the existing prison apparatus
AND
prison into a primary apparatus for the maintenance and reproduction of social order.

This is a key point of economic engagement – structural inequalities, foreign investment, and labor recruitment

Golash-Boza, 9 (Tanya, Assistant Professor at the University of Kansas, 2009, "The Immigration Industrial Complex: Why We Enforce Immigration Policies Destined to Fail", Sociology Compass Vol. 3 No. 2, pdf)ZBris
In 2006, the top ten countries from which undocumented immigrants hailed were Mexico (
AND
mass migration has created a large undocumented Mexican population in the United States.

COMPARTMENTALIZED POLICY RESPONSES TO PRISONS AREN’T ENOUGH. THE LOGIC OF THE PRISON REGIME ENACTS THE ONTOLOGICAL DEATH OF ITS SUBJECTS – THE VERY COHERECNE OF CIVIL SOCIEY IS BASED OFF THIS VIOLENCE. IT IS NOT ENOUGH TO CHALLENGE CIVIL SOCIETY – WE MUST DETACH OURSELVES FROM THIS LOGIC ITSELF.

Rodriguez, 4 (Dylan, assistant professor of ethnic studies at the University of California, Riverside, December 2004, "Forced Passages: Imprisoned Radical Intellectuals and the U.S. Prison Regime", p. 76-80, PDF)ZBris
Puerto Rican independentista José Solís Jordan, writing as a U.S. political
AND
against the very juridical, technological, and institutional jaws of state power.

The prison regime seeks to institutionalize dehumanization – criticism separate from state authority is key

Rodriguez, 4 (Dylan, assistant professor of ethnic studies at the University of California, Riverside, December 2004, "Forced Passages: Imprisoned Radical Intellectuals and the U.S. Prison Regime", p. 158-159, PDF)ZBris
Lewis Gordon, elaborating on Fanon’s "tragic revolutionary violence" in The Wretched of
AND
civic and social death, in close proximity to biological and premature death.

The role of the ballot is to who has the best methodological orientation towards the immigration-industrial complex. We argue this round must act as a larger challenge to the logic of the prison regime as a prerequisite to addressing resolutional questions on the detention of migrants and narcotics.

Vote aff to detach the resolution from the logic of the prison regime. The logic of the prison regime forges cultural genocide and makes cooperation between individuals impossible – the only way to solve is to declare war on the state

Rodriguez, 4 (Dylan, assistant professor of ethnic studies at the University of California, Riverside, December 2004, "Forced Passages: Imprisoned Radical Intellectuals and the U.S. Prison Regime", p. 120-123, PDF)ZBris
As Jackson found political agency in abrogating the image of the depersonalized, silent,
AND
a critical engagement with Bartov’s conceptualization of the linkage between modernity and genocide.

Open debate and conflict is necessary to challenge a constructed truth by prisons – only our framework allows for activism against prisons

Rodriguez, 4 (Dylan, assistant professor of ethnic studies at the University of California, Riverside, December 2004, "Forced Passages: Imprisoned Radical Intellectuals and the U.S. Prison Regime", p. 8-10, PDF)ZBris
The problem of truth ought also to be considered. In every age, among
AND
new languages, strategies, and fantasies of struggle against domination and oppression.

The prisons regime owns the state – political influence constructs the state’s ideological infrastructure

Rodriguez, 4 (Dylan, assistant professor of ethnic studies at the University of California, Riverside, December 2004, "Forced Passages: Imprisoned Radical Intellectuals and the U.S. Prison Regime", p. 43-44, PDF)ZBris
Imprisonment, (mass-based) human captivity, and carceral punishment encompass a
AND
for deployment in sites of declared (extradomestic) war or martial law.

Power structures construct a popular ethos for prisons – rejection is key

Rodriguez, 4 (Dylan, assistant professor of ethnic studies at the University of California, Riverside, December 2004, "Forced Passages: Imprisoned Radical Intellectuals and the U.S. Prison Regime", p. 18-19, PDF)ZBris
As the U.S. prison, jail, INS/Homeland Security detainee
AND
emergent carceral formation as a new site of structured antisociality and civic death.

Rejecting reformism is key to the articulation of our personal politics

Rodriguez, 4 (Dylan, assistant professor of ethnic studies at the University of California, Riverside, December 2004, "Forced Passages: Imprisoned Radical Intellectuals and the U.S. Prison Regime", p. 37-38, PDF)ZBris
The condition of praxis overdetermines its political significance, particularly when carried out by juridically
AND
of methodology that this book must be read and (re)interpreted.

Procedural rejections of our method establish debate as a police order, as a replica of the prison.  This attempt to build a politics out of consensus destroys the potentiality of politics and silences the voices of the marginal.

Cachopo, 13 (João, Ph.D. in Philosophy from Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Theoria and Praxis, "Disagreeing before acting: The paradoxes of critique and politics from Adorno to Rancière", Volume 1, Issue 1)
II. Politics versus police in a transcendental mood To begin with, let me
AND
also been accused of assuming an intellectualist stance, constantly rejected as well).

Tournament: Dobson | Round: 3 | Opponent: PCDS LW | Judge: Sannes

The problem begins at their ethics- their subjective foundation of biocentrism reproduces harms and breeds self-preservation

Albrecht, 98 (Glenn A., theoretical and applied environmental philosopher/Professor of Sustainability at Murdoch University in Western Australia, 1998, "Ethic and Directionality in Nature" essay from the book "Social Ecology after Bookchin" edited by Andrew Light, p. 98)ZBris
Moreover, given the continuing disputes within other traditions in ethics about the viability and
AND
and relativistic positions will emerge that promote environmental destruction and other negative consequences.

Tournament: State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Desert Vista TL | Judge: Skoog

Rejection of the prison logic solves

Nagel and Nocella 13 ("The End of Prisons: Reflections from the Decarceration Movement", edited by Mechthild E. Nagel, Anthony J. Nocella II)
The original working title for this volume was Prison Abolition.  After discussion among the
AND
States citizens) and those trapped within it (American Indians and immigrants).

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 7 | Opponent: Hendrickson GV | Judge: Bridwell

Perm do both – we must change government and socio-politics to solve for ecological crises

Biro, 6 (Andrew, Canada Research Chair in Political Ecology and Environmental Political Theory, "Human needs and the crisis of the subject", John Hopkins 2006.)
The same form of argument can be applied against the idea that the appropriate response
AND
accumulation to qualitative improvement in the course of creating a conserver society.46-http://muse.jhu.edu.turing.library.northwestern.edu/journals/theory_and_event/v009/9.4biro.html

Turn, ethics – their subjective foundation of biocentrism reproduces harms and breeds self-preservation. Voting neg justifies the impacts of the 1AC.

Albrecht, 98 (Glenn A., theoretical and applied environmental philosopher/Professor of Sustainability at Murdoch University in Western Australia, 1998, "Ethic and Directionality in Nature" essay from the book "Social Ecology after Bookchin" edited by Andrew Light, p. 98)ZBris
Moreover, given the continuing disputes within other traditions in ethics about the viability and
AND
and relativistic positions will emerge that promote environmental destruction and other negative consequences.

Turn, anthropocentrism key to morality – a deep ecological perspective overlooks humanity’s role in nature by stripping their unique role in the biosphere

Eckersley, 98 (Robyn, of the Centre for Environmental Studies at University of Tasmania, 1998, "Divining Evolution and Respecting Evolution" essay from the book "Social Ecology after Bookchin" edited by Andrew Light, p. 69-70)ZBris
Whatever Bookchin’s intentions, the above scenarios are presented as implications that can reasonable be
AND
on the grounds that nature should be left to take its own course.

Turn, hierarchies – addressing corrupt power relations solves the root cause of the ecological crisis

Bookchin, 79 (Murray, author and philosopher who is a pioneer in the ecological-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology movement, co-founder of the Institute of Social Ecology, written 16 books on multiple issues surrounding ecology. "Toward an Ecological Society", essay "The Power to Create, The Power to Destroy" November 1979 P. 40-46)ZBris
The power of this society to destroy has reached a scale unprecedented in the history
AND
nor in class societies generally, but at the very dawn of civilization.

Tournament: ASU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Desert Vista GM | Judge: Gupta

CIR is a drop in the bucket in combating the immigration-industrial complex

Fang, 13 (Lee, reporting fellow with The Investigative Fund at The Nation Institute, February 27, 2013, "How Private Prisons Game the Immigration System", http://www.thenation.com/article/173120/how-private-prisons-game-immigration-system~~23)ZBris
On the one hand, a pathway to citizenship and legal reforms sought by advocates
AND
2445 million over the past decade to influence state and federal government.

Tournament: MV | Round: Finals | Opponent: PCDS BW | Judge: Karras, ,

and, capitalist production through prisons seeks to destroy labor pools in an attempt to rid surpluses

Davis, 99 (Angela, PhD in philosophy from Humboldt University, 1999, "Globalism and the prison industrial complex: an interview with Angela Davis", Race Class, 40; 145)ZBris
Yes. Let me try to connect these two dimensions. Because of the tendency
AND
by this process. It is a horrifying and self-reproducing cycle.

Perm, do both – the revolutionary agency of the criticism isn’t enough, only through direct opposition to the prison-industrial complex can we effectively contest capitalism. This opposition is a key point of economic planning.

Gilmore, 7 (Ruth Wilson, Associate Professor of Geography at UC Berkeley, 2007, "Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California", p. 175)ZBris
Indeed, insofar as prison sitting, like all industrial sitting, is a question
AND
other than those that would come up in a narrowly conceived siting discussion.

and, microgestures are key – we must stifle the circulation of capital wherever possible to create new sites of solidarity.

Gharavi, 12 (May 19, Maryam Monalisa, Ph.D. candidate in Comparative Literature and Film 26 Visual Studies at Harvard University, "In Defense of Spontaneous Contestation and/or Beauty," The New Inquiry, http://thenewinquiry.com/blogs/southsouth/in-defense-of-spontaneous-contestation-andor-beauty/-http://thenewinquiry.com/blogs/southsouth/in-defense-of-spontaneous-contestation-andor-beauty/)
His starting point: design is a marker and site for neoliberal markets. One
AND
became a foreseeable form of real-body/data-body solidarity.

The prison-industrial complex is a key point to question capitalism – prisons mask structural racism towards blacks and Latinos in the US labor system

Davis, 98 (Angela, PhD in philosophy from Humboldt University, September 10, 1998, "Masked Racism: Reflections on the Prison Industrial Complex", http://colorlines.com/archives/1998/09/masked_racism_reflections_on_the_prison_industrial_complex.html)ZBris
Although prison labor — which ultimately is compensated at a rate far below the minimum
AND
the ~black~ male unemployment rate from 11 percent to 19 percent."

The push for prison-building is the result of global economic surplus – California proves

Gilmore, 7 (Ruth Wilson, Associate Professor of Geography at UC Berkeley, 2007, "Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California", p. 125-127)ZBris
California began to come apart during the world recession of 1973-75. After
AND
expansion touch more and more households that once might have believed themselves immune.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: GBS CM | Judge: Yang

INVISIBLE MOVEMENTS DON’T SOLVE Open debate and conflict is necessary to challenge a constructed truth by prisons – only our framework allows for activism against prisons

Rodriguez, 4 (Dylan, assistant professor of ethnic studies at the University of California, Riverside, December 2004, "Forced Passages: Imprisoned Radical Intellectuals and the U.S. Prison Regime", p. 8-10, PDF)ZBris
The problem of truth ought also to be considered. In every age, among
AND
new languages, strategies, and fantasies of struggle against domination and oppression.

Tournament: ASU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Desert Vista GM | Judge: Gupta

Only a risk our advocacy solves the criticism – we challenge the status quo of power-knowledge by the state

Koulish, 7 (Robert, PhD, France  Merrick  Professor  of Service-Learning, Gouche College, 2007, "PROFIT, PLENARY  POWERS  AND  MILITARIZATION:  A "PERFECT  STORM"  SCENARIO  FOR  IMMIGRATION CONTROL.", JMRI Vol. 3 No. 4, pdf)ZBris
The industrial complex is a concrete manifestation of securitization. The securitization process refers to
AND
as a whole or developing new and improved ways of doing things." 9

Turn – modern prisons and the historic subordination through colonialism are executed by the same biopolitical logic, the aff solves this logic best

Rodriguez, 3 (Dylan Rodriguez is a professor and chair of Ethnic studies at UC Riverside. Social Justice, Vol. 30, No. 2 (92), War, Dissent, and Justice: A Dialogue (2003), pp. 66- 80)
Prisons, in the carceral tradition of the Middle Passage, are rapidly developing new
AND
above the gray concrete floor (Masters, 1997: 4-5). 

Perm, do both – our rejection of state structures and destabilizing of prisons effectively destabilizes oppression generated from colonialism

Churchill 3 (Ward Churchill, American author and political activist, professor of ethnic studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder, Acts of Rebellion: The Ward Churchill Reader, 2003, http://cryptome.org/2013/01/aaron-swartz/Acts-of-Rebellion.pdf, pgs 243-246, anuss)
Fortunately, an alternative is conveniently at hand. It will be found in what
AND
of the system to utilize our resources in the process of dominating you.

Turn – the neg doesn’t have access to a just intellectual framework, the contract for modern civil society is built upon exclusion of Natives. The neg’s scholarship, too, is built off this exclusion.

Pateman, 7 (Carole, Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Department of Political Science, University of California, Los Angeles, 2007, "Contract and Domination, p. 54-56)ZBris
That is to say, the Native peoples lack both proper sovereignty and a properly
AND
, and their lives, lands, and nations are reordered by it.

Turn – remediation focus – their criticism cannot undo past harm to natives—only locks in a cycle of guilt and hostility

Espinoza and Harris ’97 (Leslie Espinoza, Associate Professor of Law – Boston College Law School, and Angela P. Harris, Professor of Law – University of California, Berkeley School of Law, "Embracing the Tar-Baby - LatCrit Theory and the Sticky Mess of Race", California Law Review, October 1997, 85 Calif. L. Rev. 1585, Lexis)
Interracial justice in Yamamoto’s sense may also require that we question the underlying assumption of
AND
a never-ending tango of guilt, despair, and hostile denial.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 4 | Opponent: GW SN | Judge: Crossan
See colonialism block

Tournament: Dobson | Round: 1 | Opponent: Hamilton CP | Judge: Regan

and, under our framework debate acts not as a training mechanism of right-wing indoctrination but rather a pedagogical practice for students to challenge hegemonic intellectual production. This form of education better trains us as students and debaters as well as educators and judges because it spills over to social action.

Giroux, 6 (Henry, Department of English and Cultural Studies, McMaster University, Canada, Fall 2006, "Academic Freedom Under Fire: The Case for Critical Pedagogy", College Literature vol. 33 no. 4, Fall 2006)ZBris
While most defenders of the university as a democratic public sphere rightly argue that the
AND
now at risk in the latest and most dangerous attack on higher education.

Common purpose within linguistic communities is impossible. Fracture is inevitable. Denying that collapses those communities – turns the terminal impact to fairness.

Secomb, 2k (Linnell, a lecturer in Gender Studies at the University of Sydney "Fractured Community" Hypatia – Volume 15 Number 2 Spring 2000 pg. 138-139)
This reformulated universalist model of community would be founded on "a moral conversation in
AND
the dominant modes of authoritative and rational conversation that assume homogeneity and transparency.

The ideology of expertism cedes power and leads to political failure

Young, 90 (Iris Marion, Associate Professor of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh, 1990, "Justice and the Politics of Difference", p. 80)ZBris
In welfare corporate society knowledge is power. Depoliticization of public life succeeds apparently because
AND
other experts whose judgments determine their actions or the conditions of their actions.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: GBS CM | Judge: Yang

Rejecting reformism is key to the articulation of our personal politics

Rodriguez, 4 (Dylan, assistant professor of ethnic studies at the University of California, Riverside, December 2004, "Forced Passages: Imprisoned Radical Intellectuals and the U.S. Prison Regime", p. 37-38, PDF)ZBris
The condition of praxis overdetermines its political significance, particularly when carried out by juridically
AND
of methodology that this book must be read and (re)interpreted.

Tournament: SWSDIT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Brophy SS | Judge: Chotras

Disinterested inquiry leads to disinterested advocacy – justifies our impacts in the name of a higher cause

Spanos, 14 (Willy, professor of English and Comparative Literature at the SUNY Binghamton, February 27, 2014, "William V. Spanos: An Interested Debate Inquiry: An interview with Christopher Spurlock", kdebate, Volume I, Issue I, http://kdebate.com/spanos.html-http://kdebate.com/spanos.html INTERVIEW EDITED FOR ABLEIST LANGUAGE*)ZBris
CS: When we had our discussion in Binghamton, you asked me if teams
AND
 all the boundaries razed,  become  a neighborhood of zero."

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 6 | Opponent: Bronx Science DM | Judge: Guth

FIFTH IS THE EXPERTISM DA – The ideology of expertism cedes power and leads to political failure

Young, 90 (Iris Marion, Associate Professor of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh, 1990, "Justice and the Politics of Difference", p. 80)ZBris
In welfare corporate society knowledge is power. Depoliticization of public life succeeds apparently because
AND
other experts whose judgments determine their actions or the conditions of their actions.

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 6 | Opponent: Denver East SM | Judge: McClay

Open debate and conflict is necessary to challenge a constructed truth by prisons – only our framework allows for activism against prisons

Rodriguez, 4 (Dylan, assistant professor of ethnic studies at the University of California, Riverside, December 2004, "Forced Passages: Imprisoned Radical Intellectuals and the U.S. Prison Regime", p. 8-10, PDF)ZBris
The problem of truth ought also to be considered. In every age, among
AND
new languages, strategies, and fantasies of struggle against domination and oppression.

Common purpose within linguistic communities is impossible. Fracture is inevitable. Denying that collapses those communities.

Secomb, 2k (Linnell, a lecturer in Gender Studies at the University of Sydney "Fractured Community" Hypatia – Volume 15 Number 2 Spring 2000 pg. 138-139)
This reformulated universalist model of community would be founded on "a moral conversation in
AND
the dominant modes of authoritative and rational conversation that assume homogeneity and transparency.

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 6 | Opponent: Denver East SM | Judge: McClay

Only a risk our advocacy solves the criticism – we challenge the status quo of power-knowledge by the state

Koulish, 7 (Robert, PhD, France  Merrick  Professor  of Service-Learning, Gouche College, 2007, "PROFIT, PLENARY  POWERS  AND  MILITARIZATION:  A "PERFECT  STORM"  SCENARIO  FOR  IMMIGRATION CONTROL.", JMRI Vol. 3 No. 4, pdf)ZBris
The industrial complex is a concrete manifestation of securitization. The securitization process refers to
AND
as a whole or developing new and improved ways of doing things." 9

Root cause – categorization of crime dictated by the prison-industrial complex give rise to terms like "illegal immigration"

Davis, 98 (Angela, PhD in philosophy from Humboldt University, September 10, 1998, "Masked Racism: Reflections on the Prison Industrial Complex", http://colorlines.com/archives/1998/09/masked_racism_reflections_on_the_prison_industrial_complex.html)ZBris
Imprisonment has become the response of first resort to far too many of the social
AND
to address the very problems that have led to spiraling numbers of prisoners.

Tournament: ASU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Los Alamos RE | Judge: Upadhyayula

Perm do both – should avoid preventable suffering – contemplating it gives meaning to our life

Kelsang 99 - internationally renowned teacher of Buddhism, Geshe, http://dealingwithfear.org/fear-of-death.htm-http://dealingwithfear.org/fear-of-death.htm
Preparing for Death Generally, our fear of death is an unhealthy and unrealistic fear
AND
the kindest and wisest things we can do both for ourself and others.

No solvency – rejection fails, embracing their criticism is only possible through true advocacy.

Mackinnon 2k (Catherine, Elizabeth A. Long Professor of Law at the University of Michigan, "Points Against Postmodernism", Chicago-Kent Law Review http://www.adelinotorres.com/filosofia/Against20Postmodernism.pdf)
Postmodernism’s analysis of the social construction of reality is stolen from feminism and the left
AND
. It is time to ask these people: what are you doing?

thinking in utopia is the only way to solve

Giroux, 13 (Henry, Department of English and Cultural Studies, McMaster University, Canada, 2013, "America’s Education Deficit and the War on Youth", p. 154)ZBris
The current limits of the utopian imagination are related, in part, to the
AND
questioning itself and preventing that questioning for ever stalling or being declared finished."

the alternative is the result of privilaged elitism- it’s easy to "do nothing" when you do not feel empathy for the oppressed.

Nussbaum, 94 (Martha, David Benedict Professor, Professor of Philosophy and Classics, and Adjunct Professor of Comparative Literature at Brown University, 1994, Nietzsche, Genealogy, Morality: Essays on Nietzsche’s On the Genealogy of Morals, ed. Richard Schacht, p. 158-59)
We now turn to the heart of the matter, the role of "external
AND
a Stoic hero, if only socialism does not inspire him with weakness.

Interrogation of prisons is key to confront securitization – the immigration-industrial complex is rooted in post-9/11 securitization

Kirkham, 12 (Chris, business reporter at The Huffington Post, June 7, 2012, "Private Prisons Profit From Immigration Crackdown, Federal And Local Law Enforcement Partnerships", http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/07/private-prisons-immigration-federal-law-enforcement_n_1569219.html)ZBris
In the economic downturn that followed the terrorist attacks of 9/11, state
AND
people are going to get caught. So I would say that’s positive."

we’re the best political strategy- their framework fails to create order in our public discourse as debaters, we must find "existing reason" in the broken system

Habermas, 96 (Jurgen, German sociologist and a philosopher in the tradition of critical theory and pragmatism, 1996, "Between Facts and Norms Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy", http://blogs.unpad.ac.id/teddykw/files/2012/07/JC3BCrgen-Habermas-Between-Facts-and-Norms.pdf)ZBris
The question about the conditions of a legitimating genesis of law • has turned the
AND
dimension of law and the legitimating force of the democratic genesis of law.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 7 | Opponent: Hendrickson GV | Judge: Bridwell

Even if the alt is good and the neg proves a link – Bryant’s characterization is false. Allegations of anthropocentrism are unfounded and contradicted.

Väyrynen, 8 (Kari, professor of philosophy at University of Oulu, "KANT’S EARLY CRITIQUE OF ANTHROPOCENTRIC METAPHYSICS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON HERDER", 2008)
My article investigates Kant’s critique of anthropocentric metaphysics in some of his earliest writings (
AND
their value and moral status, not so much as a metaphysical difference.

Aff is a radical departure form the status quo ontological approach

Rodriguez, 3 (Dylan Rodriguez is a professor and chair of Ethnic studies at UC Riverside. Social Justice, Vol. 30, No. 2 (92), War, Dissent, and Justice: A Dialogue (2003), pp. 66- 80)
Radical intellectuals who are captives of the state, insofar as they are defined and
AND
its expertise in the production of civic, social, and biological death.

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 3 | Opponent: Polytechnic HM | Judge: Challinor

The criticism is a pedagogical embrace of hope – thinking in utopia is the only way to solve

Giroux, 13 (Henry, Department of English and Cultural Studies, McMaster University, Canada, 2013, "America’s Education Deficit and the War on Youth", p. 154)ZBris
The current limits of the utopian imagination are related, in part, to the
AND
questioning itself and preventing that questioning for ever stalling or being declared finished."

Root cause – the militarized education that promotes the immigration-industrial complex orients civil society toward violence, commodifies knowledge production, and creates a culture of masculinity

Giroux, 12 (Henry, Department of English and Cultural Studies, McMaster University, Canada, February 25th, 2012, "The Post-9/11 Militarization of Higher Education and the Popular Culture of Depravity: Threats to the Future of American Democracy", International Journal of Sociology of Education, 1(1), 27-53)ZBris
Since the tragic events of 9/11, state-sanctioned violence and the
AND
and what educational issues are at stake in the emerging depravity of aesthetics.

Resistance to militarized pedagogy solves – images of human suffering have been forged by capitalist societies deny a moral response to violence and further militarize both education and culture.

Giroux, 12 (Henry, Department of English and Cultural Studies, McMaster University, Canada, February 25th, 2012, "The Post-9/11 Militarization of Higher Education and the Popular Culture of Depravity: Threats to the Future of American Democracy", International Journal of Sociology of Education, 1(1), 27-53)ZBris
Susan Sontag (1973) wrote that capitalist societies require images in order to infiltrate
AND
to shock might well reinforce a media-induced comfort with horrific images.

Tournament: ASU | Round: 5 | Opponent: BASIS Chandler RN | Judge: Yun

LABOR – Prisons act as a labor reserve for American capitalism – creates an inherent tradeoff with the Mexican economy.

Davis, 99 (Angela, PhD in philosophy from Humboldt University, 1999, "Globalism and the prison industrial complex: an interview with Angela Davis", Race Class, 40; 145)ZBris
It is more than a twist. Prisons themselves are becoming a source of cheap
AND
, oak furniture manufacturing and the production of stainless steel tanks and equipment.

PLANNING – Opposition to the prison-industrial complex is a key point of economic planning

Gilmore, 7 (Ruth Wilson, Associate Professor of Geography at UC Berkeley, 2007, "Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California", p. 175)ZBris
Indeed, insofar as prison sitting, like all industrial sitting, is a question
AND
other than those that would come up in a narrowly conceived siting discussion.

GLOBALIZATION – The expansion of prisons are directly tied to strategies of global integration

Goldberg/Evans, 97 (Eve, writer, film maker, and
solidarity and prisoners’ rights activist/Linda, North American anti-imperialist political prisoner currently at FCI Dublin in California, "THE PRISON-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMY", Boston Anarchist Black Cross)ZBris
The proliferation of prisons in the United States is one piece of a puzzle called
AND
given only if governments agree to certain conditions known as "structural adjustment."

CRISIS – Prisons are a response to economic crisis – mass prison growth at end of the golden age of American capitalism proves

Gilmore, 7 (Ruth Wilson, Associate Professor of Geography at UC Berkeley, 2007, "Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California", p. 26-27)ZBris
This quick look at the crumbling foundations of the old order, which gave way
AND
and why the outcomes are logically inexplicable but ere by no means inevitable.

Tournament: SWSDIT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Brophy SS | Judge: Chotras

Collective Agency DA – only criticism via collective agency solves social justice issues and global democracy

Giroux, 13 (Henry, Department of English and Cultural Studies, McMaster University, Canada, 2013, "America’s Education Deficit and the War on Youth", p. 154)ZBris
The current limits of the utopian imagination are related, in part, to the
AND
questioning itself and preventing that questioning for ever stalling or being declared finished."

Apocalyptic Solutions DA – the Invisible Committee is too militaristic, threatens fixtures of social democracy

Truscello, 10 (Michael, assistant professor in the Departments of English and General
Education at Mount Royal University, Winter 2010, "It’s The End Of The World As They Know It, And They Feel Fine", http://reviewsinculture.com/media/issues/1-RCT11Winter2010.pdf~~23page=21)ZBris
Price’s "two main trends" roughly correspond to Schmidt and Lucien van der Walt’s
AND
of the world than its sad, heavy and militaristic liquidation (13).

Youth Participation DA – the alternative dooms us as youth, opposition to participatory politics derails political order

Barney, 10 (Darin, Canada Research Chair in Technology 26 Citizenship and Associate Professor of Communication Studies at McGill University, 2010, "’Excuse us if we don’t give a fuck’: The (Anti-)Political Career of Participation", http://jeunessejournal.org/index.php/yptc/article/viewFile/78/71)ZBris
This might shed light on the oft-repeated imperative, expressed in the epigraph
AND
truly much safer—and much easier to deal with—than politics.

Tournament: MV | Round: 1 | Opponent: Brophy SS | Judge: Carrol

Contention one is the immigration-industrial complex

US policy towards the Mexican border is defined by the immigration-industrial complex – the criminalization of immigration and its related incarceration is the new billion-dollar industry

Golash-Boza, 9 (Tanya, Assistant Professor at the University of Kansas, 2009, "The Immigration Industrial Complex: Why We Enforce Immigration Policies Destined to Fail", Sociology Compass Vol. 3 No. 2, pdf)ZBris
There are currently over 12 million people in the United States who do not have
AND
this evidence, similar tactics are being deployed with even more force today.

and, these policies facilitate large flows of capital and have made Latinos the majority in federal prisons

Carlsen, 12 (Laura, Director of the Mexico City-based Americas Program of the Center for International Policy and a columnist for Foreign Policy, December 12, 2012, "How Private Prisons Profit From the Criminalization of Immigrants", http://www.counterpunch.org/2012/12/12/how-private-prisons-profit-from-the-criminalization-of-immigrants/)ZBris
A series of recent laws have redefined undocumented immigration from an administrative infraction to a
AND
billions of dollars, much of it paid to the private prison industry.

The prison-industrial complex commodifies inmates and is the starting point of racism in the United States

Davis, 98 (Angela, PhD in philosophy from Humboldt University, September 10, 1998, "Masked Racism: Reflections on the Prison Industrial Complex", http://colorlines.com/archives/1998/09/masked_racism_reflections_on_the_prison_industrial_complex.html)ZBris
Mass incarceration is not a solution to unemployment, nor is it a solution to
AND
on and nourishes the racism hidden within the deep structures of our society.

Specifically, enforcement of strict immigration laws and related incarceration leads to otherization of undocumented migrants

Golash-Boza, 9 (Tanya, Assistant Professor at the University of Kansas, 2009, "The Immigration Industrial Complex: Why We Enforce Immigration Policies Destined to Fail", Sociology Compass Vol. 3 No. 2, pdf)ZBris
One can also gather evidence from large-scale trends to show that increased incarceration
AND
evidence of a moral panic in terms of both crime and immigration policy.

Evaluate impacts of racial otherness first – absent action on racism, all violence and extinction are inevitable.

Memmi 2k – MEMMI Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ Unv. Of Paris Albert (
AND
. True, it is a wager, but the stakes are irresistible.

and, the resolution provides an opportunity to examine the immigration-industrial complex – undocumented migration is historically a key point of economic engagement between the US and Mexico

Golash-Boza, 9 (Tanya, Assistant Professor at the University of Kansas, 2009, "The Immigration Industrial Complex: Why We Enforce Immigration Policies Destined to Fail", Sociology Compass Vol. 3 No. 2, pdf)ZBris
In 2006, the top ten countries from which undocumented immigrants hailed were Mexico (
AND
mass migration has created a large undocumented Mexican population in the United States.

Crime policy towards migrants blocks the flow of labor and creates surplus capital

Gilmore, 7 (Ruth Wilson, Associate Professor of Geography at UC Berkeley, 2007, "Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California", p. 246-247)ZBris
5. Voters and legislators decided to lock immigrants out of social services, to
AND
social goods such as schools, parks, museums, and mass transport.

Prisons breed social instability – removal of citizens locks them out of stabilizing social and economic institutions

Gilmore, 7 (Ruth Wilson, Associate Professor of Geography at UC Berkeley, 2007, "Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California", p. 16-17)ZBris
With the vexing question of difference in mind, let’s return to the problem of
AND
of whether they have done time (Mauer and Chesney-Lind 2002).

Contention two is our advocacy

The role of the ballot is to vote for the team that has the best methodological orientation towards the immigration-industrial complex.

The prison-industrial complex is plagued by social invisibility – public critical discourse is a key challenge

Davis, 99 (Angela, PhD in philosophy from Humboldt University, 1999, "Globalism and the prison industrial complex: an interview with Angela Davis", Race Class, 40; 145)ZBris
How many of us have stood outside a prison, let alone been inside one
AND
movements that can legitimise anti-capitalist critiques of the prison industrial complex.

The prison-industrial complex and the political drive against immigration are part of a strategy of domestic militarization by the state – traditional educational strategies cede militarism.

Giroux, 3 (Henry, Department of English and Cultural Studies, McMaster University, Canada, 2003, "Zero Tolerance, Domestic Militarization, and the War Against Youth", Social Justice,  Vol. 30, No. 2)ZBris
I WISH TO ARGUE THAT AS THE STATE IS HOLLOWED OUT AND SHIFTS ITS EMPHASIS
AND
and intellectual courage to the refusal to surrender knowledge to the highest bidder.

Separating ourselves from government action is key – reformist politics fail

Gilmore, 7 (Ruth Wilson, Associate Professor of Geography at UC Berkeley, 2007, "Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California", p. 242-243)ZBris
The proliferation of antiprison groups during the decade when this book was in progress indicates
AND
—which then creates the possibility of further, sometimes innovative , action.

To place ourselves in terms of the USFG is to cede the prison-industrial complex – political actions reflect powerful interests

Golash-Boza, 9 (Tanya, Assistant Professor at the University of Kansas, 2009, "The Immigration Industrial Complex: Why We Enforce Immigration Policies Destined to Fail", Sociology Compass Vol. 3 No. 2, pdf)ZBris
The prison industrial complex is maintained because of fear of crime, political maneuvers and
AND
has a minimal effect on crime rates (King et al. 2005).

Tournament: MV | Round: Finals | Opponent: PCDS BW | Judge: Karras, ,
====and, separating ourselves from policymaking is key – frameworks intimate with policy processes cedes interest groups, dilutes the public sphere, and derails the criticism====
Young, 90 (Iris Marion, Associate Professor of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh, 1990, "Justice and the Politics of Difference", p. 73)ZBris
When each agent or organization acts to promote its own specific interests through government agency
AND
Under these circumstances it is little wonder that citizens are often politically apathetic. 

and, alternatives cede oppression – solutions to oppression must have their root in criticism of power structures

Young, 90 (Iris Marion, Associate Professor of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh, 1990, "Justice and the Politics of Difference", p. 31- 32)ZBris
A distributive understanding of power, which treats power as some kind of stuff that
AND
understanding misses the way in which the powerful enact and reproduce their power.

Tournament: WT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Brophy HW | Judge: Hwang

Contention one is the prisons

US policy towards the Mexican border is defined by the immigration-industrial complex – the criminalization of immigration and its related incarceration is the new billion-dollar industry

Golash-Boza, 9 (Tanya, Assistant Professor at the University of Kansas, 2009, "The Immigration Industrial Complex: Why We Enforce Immigration Policies Destined to Fail", Sociology Compass Vol. 3 No. 2, pdf)ZBris
There are currently over 12 million people in the United States who do not have
AND
this evidence, similar tactics are being deployed with even more force today.

and, these policies facilitate large flows of capital and have made Latinos the majority in federal prisons

Carlsen, 12 (Laura, Director of the Mexico City-based Americas Program of the Center for International Policy and a columnist for Foreign Policy, December 12, 2012, "How Private Prisons Profit From the Criminalization of Immigrants", http://www.counterpunch.org/2012/12/12/how-private-prisons-profit-from-the-criminalization-of-immigrants/)ZBris
A series of recent laws have redefined undocumented immigration from an administrative infraction to a
AND
billions of dollars, much of it paid to the private prison industry.

and, prisons breed social instability – removal of citizens locks them out of stabilizing social and economic institutions

Gilmore, 7 (Ruth Wilson, Associate Professor of Geography at UC Berkeley, 2007, "Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California", p. 16-17)ZBris
With the vexing question of difference in mind, let’s return to the problem of
AND
of whether they have done time (Mauer and Chesney-Lind 2002).

Contention two is the round

The resolution provides an opportunity to examine the immigration-industrial complex – undocumented migration is historically a key point of economic engagement between the US and Mexico

Golash-Boza, 9 (Tanya, Assistant Professor at the University of Kansas, 2009, "The Immigration Industrial Complex: Why We Enforce Immigration Policies Destined to Fail", Sociology Compass Vol. 3 No. 2, pdf)ZBris
In 2006, the top ten countries from which undocumented immigrants hailed were Mexico (
AND
mass migration has created a large undocumented Mexican population in the United States.

But the discussions are missing – traditional educational strategies cede the forces of the prison-industrial complex. The prison-industrial complex and the political drive against immigration are part of a strategy of domestic militarization by the state.

Giroux, 3 (Henry, Department of English and Cultural Studies, McMaster University, Canada, 2003, "Zero Tolerance, Domestic Militarization, and the War Against Youth", Social Justice,  Vol. 30, No. 2)ZBris
I WISH TO ARGUE THAT AS THE STATE IS HOLLOWED OUT AND SHIFTS ITS EMPHASIS
AND
and intellectual courage to the refusal to surrender knowledge to the highest bidder.

Immigration is framed by a culture of cruelty that produce moral panics – acts as a tool of the state

Giroux, 13 (Henry, Department of English and Cultural Studies, McMaster University, Canada, 2013, "America’s Education Deficit and the War on Youth", p. 96)ZBris
An echo of the conditions that are responsible for Trayvon Martin’s senseless killing can be
AND
Symptoms of ethical, political, and economic impoverishment are all around us.

This militarization and the prison-industrial complex have seized education. As a result youth have been deemed disposable – their commodification has justified institutional violence, killed the body politic, and served prisons through a governing-through-crime complex.

Giroux, 13 (Henry, Department of English and Cultural Studies, McMaster University, Canada, 2013, "America’s Education Deficit and the War on Youth", p. 108-110)ZBris
What has changed about an entire generation of young people includes not only neoliberal society’s
AND
Under such circumstances, all bets are off regarding the future of democracy.

Education has been claimed by conservative intellectuals – the state’s number one priority is now punishment

Giroux, 13 (Henry, Department of English and Cultural Studies, McMaster University, Canada, 2013, "America’s Education Deficit and the War on Youth", p. 40-42)ZBris
The conservative takeover of public pedagogy has a long history, extending from the work
AND
specifically for the purpose of advocating industry interests in policy and regulatory debates."

Thus the role of the ballot is who has the best methodological orientation towards the immigration-industrial complex. We argue this round must act as a larger challenge to the way prison-industrial complex impacts education and the youth in order to address resolutional questions on the detention of migrants.

and, the status quo of the prison-industrial complex is plagued by social invisibility – public critical discourse acts as a key challenge

Davis, 99 (Angela, PhD in philosophy from Humboldt University, 1999, "Globalism and the prison industrial complex: an interview with Angela Davis", Race Class, 40; 145)ZBris
How many of us have stood outside a prison, let alone been inside one
AND
movements that can legitimise anti-capitalist critiques of the prison industrial complex.

To place ourselves in terms of the USFG is to cede the prison-industrial complex – political actions reflect powerful interests

Golash-Boza, 9 (Tanya, Assistant Professor at the University of Kansas, 2009, "The Immigration Industrial Complex: Why We Enforce Immigration Policies Destined to Fail", Sociology Compass Vol. 3 No. 2, pdf)ZBris
The prison industrial complex is maintained because of fear of crime, political maneuvers and
AND
has a minimal effect on crime rates (King et al. 2005).

====and, separating ourselves from policymaking is key – frameworks intimate with policy processes cedes interest groups, dilutes the public sphere, and derails the criticism====
Young, 90 (Iris Marion, Associate Professor of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh, 1990, "Justice and the Politics of Difference", p. 73)ZBris
When each agent or organization acts to promote its own specific interests through government agency
AND
Under these circumstances it is little wonder that citizens are often politically apathetic. 

Separating ourselves from government action is key – reformist politics fail

Gilmore, 7 (Ruth Wilson, Associate Professor of Geography at UC Berkeley, 2007, "Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California", p. 242-243)ZBris
The proliferation of antiprison groups during the decade when this book was in progress indicates
AND
—which then creates the possibility of further, sometimes innovative , action.

and, alternatives cede oppression – solutions to oppression must have their root in criticism of power structures

Young, 90 (Iris Marion, Associate Professor of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh, 1990, "Justice and the Politics of Difference", p. 31- 32)ZBris
A distributive understanding of power, which treats power as some kind of stuff that
AND
understanding misses the way in which the powerful enact and reproduce their power.