Tournament: Niles | Round: 1 | Opponent: GBS OS | Judge: Aaron Vincson
Contention 1 is Expression
Crackdown on speech is looming but a strong opposition is necessary to counter it
Lecuna 13(Antonio, assistant professor at the School of Business and Economics at the Unversidad del Desarrollo in Santiago, June 2013, “From Chavismo to a Democratic Left in Venezuela”,)
The consolidation of ... of losing power.
The students’ popularity and traction make them the most effective check on inevitable authoritarian crackdowns – The Youth is key to speech, democracy and education – organization is key
Rozo 12(Erick, Venezuelan activist writing for ReVista, the Harvard Review of Latin America, Fall 2012, “Venezuela's Student Movement: Either We Fight for Education or We Lose It.", http://drclas.harvard.edu/publications/revistaonline/fall-2012/venezuelas-student-movement)
Students in Venezuela ... an umbrella organization.
The students are a check on authoritarian power and champions of free speech – whenever a problem arises, they will protest – now is key
Corrales and Mijares 13(Javier, professor of Political Science at Amherst College in Amherst, Massachusetts, Ph.D. in political science from Harvard University, Venezuelan wizard; Victor, assistant professor of political science at the Simón Bolívar University in Caracas, 6/25/13, “The Protests in Venezuela Should Not be Overlooked”, http://www.americasquarterly.org/content/protests-venezuela-should-not-be-overlooked)
This is not ... in the opposition.
Suppression of free speech in the name of utilitarian consequences makes the idea of speech perpetually vulnerable to the imposition of calculation – unrestricted self-expression is of the highest moral value and every instance is critical
Dwyer 2001(Susan Dwyer, philosophy at University of Maryland, 2001 (http://www.umbc.edu/philosophy/dwyer/papers/freespeech.html)
Let us return ... (protect) it everywhere.
Even seemingly trivial violations of speech embark down a slippery slope towards genocide and conflict – the root cause of violence is the suppression of speech
D’Souza 96(Frances, Lord Speaker of the House of Lords and Ph.D. in Philosophy from Oxford, http://www.europarl.eu.int/hearings/speech/freedom_en.htm)
In the absence .. at every turn.
Contention 2 is Thought
The student movements are key to defending the academic freedom of the autonomous university system
Bercovitch 6/30(Sascha, Venezuelan columnist, 6/30/13, “Venezuelan Universities March For and Against Strike”)
Yesterday in Caracas, ... Popular Leopoldo López.
The voices of the Venezuelan students in their non-violent defense of education is critical to free thought
Rozo 12(Erick, Venezuelan activist writing for ReVista, the Harvard Review of Latin America, Fall 2012, “Venezuela's Student Movement: Either We Fight for Education or We Lose It.", http://drclas.harvard.edu/publications/revistaonline/fall-2012/venezuelas-student-movement)
This new generation ... confront authoritarian governments.
Now is the key time – Maduro has his sights on crushing the opposition – the autonomous universities are the last hope for academic freedom and free speech
Larrat-Smith 6/24(Charles, studying for his PhD at Toronto University, served as a guest professor at the Universidad Merida de Venezuela, 6/24/13“Post Chavez: Venezuela’s Shrinking Public Space” http://www.sharnoffsglobalviews.com/venezuela-chavez-123/)
Hugo Chavez once ... months or years.
The fight for academic freedom is the fight for critical pedagogy – fighting for academic freedom is key to questioning the overall education system
Giroux 06(Henry A., Global TV Network Chair Professorship in the Department of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University and total badass, “Academic Freedom Under Fire:
The Case for Critical Pedagogy”, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/college_literature/v033/33.4giroux_h.html)
Given the seriousness ... United States today.
And backing the student movement accepts critical pedagogy as an intellectual strategy in which the entire world may be questioned. This makes our impact scenario a framing question.
Giroux 06(Henry A., Global TV Network Chair Professorship in the Department of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University and total badass, “Academic Freedom Under Fire:
The Case for Critical Pedagogy”, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/college_literature/v033/33.4giroux_h.html)
What makes critical ... on higher education.
And thus Marquette offers the following plan:
The United States federal government should substantially increase its monetary distribution of democracy assistance toward student movements in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
Contention 3 is Solvency
The current funding approach decimates status quo efforts – a consistent strategy to back the students solves the effectiveness of spreading their message – also means your DA’s are non-unique
Gratius 10 (Susanne, PhD in Political Science from the University of Hamburg and the University Complutense of Madrid, Associated Professor for IR at the Complutense University in Madrid, former coordinator at the European-Latin American Relations Institute, May 2010, “Assessing Democracy Assistance: Venezuela”, http://www.fride.org/download/IP_WMD_Venezuela_Eng_jul2310.pdf)
After the coup ... KAS-UCAB accord.
The United States’ prototype for unity-in-diversity makes it the preferrable logical actor for social change – imperative to remedy the frequent betrayal of those principles
Fasching 1993 (Darrell J., Professor of Religious Studies at University of South Florida, The Ethical Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima)
America as a ... transforms urban individualism
Contention 4 is Debate Pedagogy
This debate round presents us with a unique opportunity to discuss the connections between our own experiences as young people and the larger political environment within which we are situated. We acknowledge that an affirmative ballot will not result in the passage of our plan, but we do not accept that our policy proposal is therefore meaningless—our participation in the activity of debate is imbued with the powerful potential to meaningfully develop our senses of power and public voice. Disregard arguments that distract focus from the central issue addressed by the 1ac—if we win that our political project is valuable when compared to the status quo or another mutually exclusive proposal, the judge should vote affirmative
Giroux 09(Henry A., Global TV Network Chair Professorship in the Department of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, total badass, 7/24/09, “Obama's View of Education Is Stuck in Reverse,” http://www.truthout.org/072409A)
Situated within a ... internal link chains.
Arguments like “there’s always a risk” is not a reason to vote negative – low probability internal link chains should not be used as an excuse to reject the plan.
Herbeck and Katsulas 92 (Dale A., Professor of Communication and Director of the Fulton Debating Society at Boston College; John P., Debate Coach at Boston College, 1992, “The Use and Abuse of Risk Analysis in Policy Debate,”, Available Online via ERIC Number ED354559, p. 10-12)
First, and foremost, ... risks in debates.
Rejecting low probability internal link chains is key to rational policymaking—accumulated experience proves that appeals to the possibility of catastrophic causal chains should not influence our decision-making
Hansson 05(Sven Ove, Professor in the Department of Philosophy and the History of Technology at the Royal Institute of Technology (Stockholm, Sweden), 2005, “The Epistemology of Technological Risk,” Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology, Volume 9, Number 2, http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/SPT/v9n2/hansson.html)
However, it would ... been sufficiently systematized.
Great power war is improbable – global institutions, interdependence, the internet, fiscal constraints and nuclear deterrence
Robb ’12 (Doug, Lieutenant in the US Navy, “Now Hear This - Why the Age of Great-Power War Is Over” http://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2012-05/now-hear-why-age-great-power-war-over)
In Proceedings’ April ... archaic, and improbable.