Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 1 | Opponent: Bellingham RW | Judge: Joe Engel
Plan Text
Text: The Export Import Bank of the United States should substantially increase its economic engagement toward Mexico by investing in non-corn biofuels including jatropha.
1AC Warming
Contention one is warming.
Warming reaches its tipping point within twenty-five years—9,200 studies prove
Varma 9/30
(Subodh, 9/30/13, Times of India, “Planet racing towards 2°C temperature rise: UN report,”http:timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/global-warming/Planet-racing-towards-2C-temperature-rise-UN-report/articleshow/23277151.cms, Accessed 10/27/13, JC)
The first is that the carbon accumulation in the atmosphere and resulting global warming…
accounted for as the IPCC stopped collecting evidence 6 months ago, in order to start the consultation process.
Tipping points prevent adaptation—significant emission cuts are key
Hansen 8
(James E. Hansen, Professor of Earth and Environmental Science, head of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York City and adjunct professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Science at Columbia University, Al Gore’s science advisor, “Briefing before the Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming,” US House of Representatives, 6-23-2008, “Twenty years later: tipping points near on global warming,”http:www.columbia.edu/jeh1/2008/TwentyYearsLater_20080623.pdf)
Fast feedbacks—changes that occur quickly in response to temperature change—amplify the…glaciers disappear. A major casualty in all this will be wildlife.
Carbon cycling means warming depends only on future emissions—CO2 reductions now are key
Matthews and Solomon 4/26
(H. Damon Matthews, department of Geography, Planning and Environment @
Concordia University, and Susan Solomon, department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sci-
ences @ Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 4/26/13,
Science Magazine, Vol 340, “Irreversible Does Not Mean Unavoidable,”
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/340/6131/438.full.pdf?keytype=refandsiteid=sciandijkey=X0PL7KHfd92FH6, Accessed 11/24/13, JC)
Understanding how decreases in C02 emissions would affect global tem- peratures …political decisions that lead to the reductions.
Warming is real and anthropogenic
Braganza 11 (Karl, Manager, Climate Monitor at the Bureau of Meteorology in Australia, The Bureau presently operates under the authority of the Meteorology Act 1955, which requires it to report on the state of the atmosphere and oceans in support of Australia's social, economic, cultural and environmental goals. His salary is not funded from any external sources or dependent on specially funded government climate change projects. Karl Braganza does not consult to, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has no relevant affiliations “The greenhouse effect is real: here’s why,” 6/14/11, http://theconversation.edu.au/the-greenhouse-effect-is-real-heres-why-1515)
In public discussions of climate change, the full range and weight…continued rapid increases in greenhouse gases will cause rapid future warming is irrefutable.
Mexico solve biofuels best—
A) Genetic diversity— 300 eco-friendly jatropha strains spread with more investment
Rosenberg 9
(Mica Rosenberg and Rosario Izapa, 3/11/9, Reuters, “Toxic jatropha shrub fuels Mexico's biodiesel push,” http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/03/11/us-mexico-biofuel-idUSTRE52A0JB20090311, Accessed 11/13/13, JC)
Mexico passed a law last year to push developing biofuels…he is. "If there's money in it, we'll plant it."
B) US technology—Mexico has massive resources but needs more cooperation
Wood 10
(Duncan, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, "Environment, Development and Growth: US-Mexico Cooperation in Renewable Energies,"http://www.statealliancepartnership.org/resources_files/USMexico_Cooperation_Renewable_Energies.pdf
Mexico is a country with vast natural resources for the production of biofuels…can be used to produce a wide variety of products, such as paper, textiles, and rope, and is common across Mexico.

Three internal links to warming:
A) Carbon farming—jatropha plantations halt the current trend of CO2 emissions—each hectare captures 25 tons of CO2 per year
Harball 13 (Elizabeth, news source that provides coverage of the debate over climate policy and its effects on business, the environment and society, “Could Carbon Farms Reverse Global Warming? “, Scientific American, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=could-carbon-farms-reverse-global-warming, accessed 12/20/13, TC)
*75 of US = 5 of the world

A recent study by German researchers presents the possibility of "carbon farming" as
AND
millimeters per year in Oman and 30 millimeters per year in the Sonoran.

B) i. Biodiesel—jatropha is a high-quality replacement for oil specifically in transportation
Nahar and Ozores-Hampton 11
(Kamrun Nahar, Department of Environmental Science and Management @ North South University and Monica Ozores-Hampton, University of Florida Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, December 2011, Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, HS1193, “Jatropha: An Alternative Substitute to Fossil Fuel,”http:edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1193, Accessed 11/13/13, JC)
The benefits of biodiesel: Diesel substitutes from renewable… oil through the injector (Brittaine and Lutaladio 2010).
ii. Limiting transportation emissions independently solves warming by stopping air pollution and oil usage
Gordon 11 (Deborah, biologist at Stanford University, “Transportation Trifecta: Cars, Climate Change, and Oil Security”, 4/18/11,
http://carnegieendowment.org/2011/04/18/transportation-trifecta-cars-climate-change-and-oil-security/wbs, Accessed 11/17/12, JC)
Scientists now realize that air pollution and climate change…mitigating global warming, slashing air pollution, and seriously cutting oil consumption.
C) i. Bioplastics—jatropha waste-products revolutionize biodegradable polymers
Halliday 10
(Adam Halliday, 4/4/10, The Indian Express, “From byproducts of bio-diesel, a new, low-cost bio-plastic,” p. 1, http://www.indianexpress.com/news/from-byproducts-of-biodiesel-a-new-lowcost-bioplastic/599566/2, Accessed 11/13/13, JC)
Industry has long been wary of mass-producing biodegradable plastics…a liquid layer of crude glycerol and another layer of crude bio-diesel.
ii. Bioplastics solve warming—transition into sustainable energy and resource consumption
OECD 11(Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development¶ “Industrial Biotechnology and Climate Change” 11-7-2011http:www.oecd.org/sti/biotech/49024032.pdf)
BJ
Besides biofuels, industrial biotechnology can contribute to climate change mitigation through…bioprospecting.¶ • Biosensors for real-time monitoring of environmental pollutants and biometrics for identifying people.
Our impact is global warming.
Ocean acidification causes mass extinctions
Ward 10 (Peter, PhD, professor of Biology and Earth and Space Sciences at the University of Washington, paleontologist and NASA astrobiologist, Fellow at the California Academy of Sciences, The Flooded Earth: Our Future in a World Without Ice Caps, June 29, 2010)

In the rest of this chapter I will support a contention that within…a new generation will quickly decide to open their ears and listen.
1AC Solvency
Contention two is solvency.
The Export-Import bank is a crucial link between the developed and developing worlds—renewable technology transfer fosters social responsibility and global spillover
Gong 6
(Karis Anne, JD @ Berkeley, BA @ Princeton, “Exporting Sustainability: A proposal to reduce the climate impact of the Export?Import Bank of the United States,” p. 48-51,http://www.princeton.edu/~mauzeral/wws402d_s06/FinalDraftKarisGong.pdf, Accessed 11/24/13)
First, climate change is a result of aggregate emissions and aggregate concentrations…multilateral development banks” including the World Bank and Asian Development Bank.183
Mexico and US firms say yes—biofuel law creates stable investment ground
Felix 8
(Raul Felix, coordinator of the Climate Change and Renewable Energy Practice in Mexico for Baker and McKenzie, 2008, Biomass Magazine, “Assessing the Impact of Mexico's Biofuels Law,” http://biomassmagazine.com/articles/1678/assessing-the-impact-of-mexico's-biofuels-law, Accessed 11/20/13, JC)
Energy companies that have already developed the know-how and technology…it wishes to open this sector to both national and foreign investment.
Yes transition—jatropha biofuels cost less than oil now and productivity’s still increasing
Lane 12
(Jim, 10/31/12, Biofuels Digest, “SG Biofuels expands jatropha platform; confirms $99 per barrel crude jatropha oil,” http://www.biofuelsdigest.com/bdigest/2012/10/31/sg-biofuels-expands-jatropha-platform-confirms-99-per-barrel-crude-jatropha-oil/, Accessed 11/20/13, JC)
In California, SG Biofuels announced at Advanced Biofuels Markets…volume, the yield per acre, and we’ve solved that in a definitive way.
US advances in genetic improvements make current jatropha strains successful—prefer the most recent evidence
SGB 13
(2013, Seeds Genomics Biomaterials, “Jatropha 2.0,”http:www.sgbiofuels.com/pages/jatropha2/index.php, Accessed 11/18/13, JC)
Jatropha curcas is a non-edible shrub that is…in significant gains in productivity and profitability.
1AC Impact Framing
Contention three is impact framing.
War is obsolete—deterrence, peacekeeping, and trade
Goldstein 11
(Joshua S. Goldstein, professor emeritus of international relations at American University, and Steven Pinker, psychology professor at Harvard, December 18, 2011, New York Times, “War is really going out of style.” p. 1-2,http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/18/opinion/sunday/war-really-is-going-out-of-style.html?pagewanted=1and_r=0, Accessed 11/20/13, JC)
“War” is a fuzzy category… country’s government becomes richer and stronger than its warlords, war loses its appeal.
Wars won’t go nuclear—mutually assured destruction
Tepperman 9
(Jonathan, LL.M. in International Law from NYU, former Managing Editor of Foreign Affairs, 8-28-9, The Daily Beast, “Why Obama Should Learn to Love the Bomb,”http:www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/08/28/why-obama-should-learn-to-love-the-bomb.html, accessed 7-14-13, EB)
A growing and compelling body of research suggests that…countries may be brutally oppressive, but nothing in their behavior suggests they have a death wish.
No extinction—arsenal reductions mean nuclear winter theory flawed
Ball 6
(Desmond, Professor at the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre at the Australian National University, May 2006, Strategic and Defense Studies Center, “The Probabilities of On the Beach: Assessing ‘Armageddon Scenarios’ in the 21st Century,” working paper, p. 4, EB)
The leading populariser of the ‘Nuclear Winter’ hypothesis was Carl Sagan…and the numbers of strategic weapons halved.
No miscalc—governments don’t plan nuclear counter-strikes on uncertain information because communication checks
Quinlan 9
(Sir Michael, visiting professor at King’s College London, Permanent Under-Secretary at the Ministry of Defence and former senior fellow at the International Institute of Strategic Studies, "Thinking About Nuclear Weapons: Principles, Problems, Prospects," Oxford University Press, CMR)

One special form of miscalculation appeared sporadically in the speculations of academic commentators, though
AND
if necessary—that there was no misinterpretation of its conventionally armed launch.
There is no longer any question that the earth's climate is warming…a slow death in ecologically vulnerable and technologically lacking low-income nations.
Policy solutions are necessary to combat ecocide—it’s comparatively better than academic and discursive approaches
Leeson-Schatz 12
(PhD candidate in English @ Binghamton, Joe, “The Importance of Apocalypse: The Value of End-Of- The-World Politics While Advancing Ecocriticism,” Journal of Ecocriticism, 4.2)
There are three things ecocriticism must keep in mind to retain its…bring us together by awakening humanity to its shared stake in the global environment.
Climate change is the root cause of their impacts—it’s a threat multiplier
Scheffran 9
(Senior Research Scientist in the Program in Arms Control, Disarmament and International Security (ACDIS) of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jurgen, “Climate-induced instabilities and conflicts,”  IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 6 56, dml)
The 2007 Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change…environmental conflicts will be combined with micro-level empirical data of specific cases.
Focusing on the details and inner-workings of government policy-making is productive – critical approaches can’t resolve real world problems like poverty, racism and war
McClean 1
David E., Adjunct Professor of Philosophy, Molloy College, New York, 2001 “The Cultural Left and the Limits of Social Hope,” Presented at the 2001 Annual Conference of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy, Available Online at www.american-philosophy.org/archives/past_conference_programs/pc2001/Discussion20papers/david_mcclean.htm, JMP, Accessed on July 5, 2013)SP
Yet for some reason, at least partially explicated in…culture critics with their snobish disrespect for the so-called "managerial class."

Tournament: La Costa | Round: 2 | Opponent: Nevada Union UN | Judge: Jon Williamson
Plan Text
Text: The Export Import Bank of the United States should substantially increase its economic engagement toward Mexico by investing in non-corn biofuels including jatropha.
1AC Warming
Contention one is warming.
Warming reaches its tipping point within twenty-five years—9,200 studies prove
Varma 9/30
(Subodh, 9/30/13, Times of India, “Planet racing towards 2°C temperature rise: UN report,” http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/global-warming/Planet-racing-towards-2C-temperature-rise-UN-report/articleshow/23277151.cms, Accessed 10/27/13, JC)

The first is that the carbon accumulation in the atmosphere and resulting global warming…
accounted for as the IPCC stopped collecting evidence 6 months ago, in order to start the consultation process.
Tipping points prevent adaptation—significant emission cuts are key
Hansen 8
(James E. Hansen, Professor of Earth and Environmental Science, head of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York City and adjunct professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Science at Columbia University, Al Gore’s science advisor, “Briefing before the Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming,” US House of Representatives, 6-23-2008, “Twenty years later: tipping points near on global warming,” http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/2008/TwentyYearsLater_20080623.pdf)

Fast feedbacks—changes that occur quickly in response to temperature change—amplify the…glaciers disappear. A major casualty in all this will be wildlife.

Carbon cycling means warming depends only on future emissions—CO2 reductions now are key
Matthews and Solomon 4/26
(H. Damon Matthews, department of Geography, Planning and Environment @
Concordia University, and Susan Solomon, department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sci-
ences @ Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 4/26/13,
Science Magazine, Vol 340, “Irreversible Does Not Mean Unavoidable,”
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/340/6131/438.full.pdf?keytype=refandsiteid=sciandijkey=X0PL7KHfd92FH6, Accessed 11/24/13, JC)

Understanding how decreases in C02 emissions would affect global tem- peratures …political decisions that lead to the reductions.
Warming is real and anthropogenic
Braganza 11 (Karl, Manager, Climate Monitor at the Bureau of Meteorology in Australia, The Bureau presently operates under the authority of the Meteorology Act 1955, which requires it to report on the state of the atmosphere and oceans in support of Australia's social, economic, cultural and environmental goals. His salary is not funded from any external sources or dependent on specially funded government climate change projects. Karl Braganza does not consult to, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has no relevant affiliations “The greenhouse effect is real: here’s why,” 6/14/11, http://theconversation.edu.au/the-greenhouse-effect-is-real-heres-why-1515)

In public discussions of climate change, the full range and weight…continued rapid increases in greenhouse gases will cause rapid future warming is irrefutable.
Mexico solve biofuels best—
A) Genetic diversity— 300 eco-friendly jatropha strains spread with more investment
Rosenberg 9
(Mica Rosenberg and Rosario Izapa, 3/11/9, Reuters, “Toxic jatropha shrub fuels Mexico's biodiesel push,” http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/03/11/us-mexico-biofuel-idUSTRE52A0JB20090311, Accessed 11/13/13, JC)

Mexico passed a law last year to push developing biofuels…he is. "If there's money in it, we'll plant it."
B) US technology—Mexico has massive resources but needs more cooperation
Wood 10
(Duncan, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, "Environment, Development and Growth: US-Mexico Cooperation in Renewable Energies," http://www.statealliancepartnership.org/resources_files/USMexico_Cooperation_Renewable_Energies.pdf

Mexico is a country with vast natural resources for the production of biofuels…can be used to produce a wide variety of products, such as paper, textiles, and rope, and is common across Mexico.
Three internal links to warming:
A) Carbon farming—jatropha sequesters emissions
Edwards 8/5
(Suzanne Edwards, 8/5/13, Niagara Falls Green Culture Examiner, The Examiner, “Could “Jatropha Curcas” be the Missing Piece in the Climate Change Puzzle?” http://www.examiner.com/article/could-jatropha-curcas-be-the-missing-piece-the-climate-change-puzzle, Accessed 11/13/13, JC)

With climate change in the forefront of everyone’s minds… Curcas seeds can also produce up to 600 litres of bio-diesel.

B) i. Biodiesel—jatropha is a high-quality replacement for oil specifically in transportation
Nahar and Ozores-Hampton 11
(Kamrun Nahar, Department of Environmental Science and Management @ North South University and Monica Ozores-Hampton, University of Florida Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, December 2011, Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, HS1193, “Jatropha: An Alternative Substitute to Fossil Fuel,” http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1193, Accessed 11/13/13, JC)

The benefits of biodiesel: Diesel substitutes from renewable… oil through the injector (Brittaine and Lutaladio 2010).

ii. Limiting transportation emissions independently solves warming by stopping air pollution and oil usage
Gordon 11 (Deborah, biologist at Stanford University, “Transportation Trifecta: Cars, Climate Change, and Oil Security”, 4/18/11,
http://carnegieendowment.org/2011/04/18/transportation-trifecta-cars-climate-change-and-oil-security/wbs, Accessed 11/17/12, JC)

Scientists now realize that air pollution and climate change…mitigating global warming, slashing air pollution, and seriously cutting oil consumption.

C) i. Bioplastics—jatropha waste-products revolutionize biodegradable polymers
Halliday 10
(Adam Halliday, 4/4/10, The Indian Express, “From byproducts of bio-diesel, a new, low-cost bio-plastic,” p. 1, http://www.indianexpress.com/news/from-byproducts-of-biodiesel-a-new-lowcost-bioplastic/599566/2, Accessed 11/13/13, JC)

Industry has long been wary of mass-producing biodegradable plastics…a liquid layer of crude glycerol and another layer of crude bio-diesel.

ii. Bioplastics solve warming—transition into sustainable energy and resource consumption
OECD 11(Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development¶ “Industrial Biotechnology and Climate Change” 11-7-2011 http://www.oecd.org/sti/biotech/49024032.pdf)
BJ
Besides biofuels, industrial biotechnology can contribute to climate change mitigation through…bioprospecting.¶ • Biosensors for real-time monitoring of environmental pollutants and biometrics for identifying people.
Our impact is global warming.
Ocean acidification causes mass extinctions
Ward 10 (Peter, PhD, professor of Biology and Earth and Space Sciences at the University of Washington, paleontologist and NASA astrobiologist, Fellow at the California Academy of Sciences, The Flooded Earth: Our Future in a World Without Ice Caps, June 29, 2010)

In the rest of this chapter I will support a contention that within…a new generation will quickly decide to open their ears and listen.
1AC Solvency
Contention two is solvency.
The Export-Import bank is a crucial link between the developed and developing worlds—renewable technology transfer fosters social responsibility and global spillover
Gong 6
(Karis Anne, JD @ Berkeley, BA @ Princeton, “Exporting Sustainability: A proposal to reduce the climate impact of the Export?Import Bank of the United States,” p. 48-51, http://www.princeton.edu/~mauzeral/wws402d_s06/FinalDraftKarisGong.pdf, Accessed 11/24/13)

First, climate change is a result of aggregate emissions and aggregate concentrations…multilateral development banks” including the World Bank and Asian Development Bank.183
Mexico and US firms say yes—biofuel law creates stable investment ground
Felix 8
(Raul Felix, coordinator of the Climate Change and Renewable Energy Practice in Mexico for Baker and McKenzie, 2008, Biomass Magazine, “Assessing the Impact of Mexico's Biofuels Law,” http://biomassmagazine.com/articles/1678/assessing-the-impact-of-mexico's-biofuels-law, Accessed 11/20/13, JC)

Energy companies that have already developed the know-how and technology…it wishes to open this sector to both national and foreign investment.

Yes transition—jatropha biofuels cost less than oil now and productivity’s still increasing
Lane 12
(Jim, 10/31/12, Biofuels Digest, “SG Biofuels expands jatropha platform; confirms $99 per barrel crude jatropha oil,” http://www.biofuelsdigest.com/bdigest/2012/10/31/sg-biofuels-expands-jatropha-platform-confirms-99-per-barrel-crude-jatropha-oil/, Accessed 11/20/13, JC)

In California, SG Biofuels announced at Advanced Biofuels Markets…volume, the yield per acre, and we’ve solved that in a definitive way.

US advances in genetic improvements make current jatropha strains successful—prefer the most recent evidence
SGB 13
(2013, Seeds Genomics Biomaterials, “Jatropha 2.0,” http://www.sgbiofuels.com/pages/jatropha2/index.php, Accessed 11/18/13, JC)

Jatropha curcas is a non-edible shrub that is…in significant gains in productivity and profitability.
1AC Impact Framing
Contention three is impact framing.
War is obsolete—deterrence, peacekeeping, and trade
Goldstein 11
(Joshua S. Goldstein, professor emeritus of international relations at American University, and Steven Pinker, psychology professor at Harvard, December 18, 2011, New York Times, “War is really going out of style.” p. 1-2, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/18/opinion/sunday/war-really-is-going-out-of-style.html?pagewanted=1and_r=0, Accessed 11/20/13, JC)

“War” is a fuzzy category… country’s government becomes richer and stronger than its warlords, war loses its appeal.
Wars won’t go nuclear—mutually assured destruction
Tepperman 9
(Jonathan, LL.M. in International Law from NYU, former Managing Editor of Foreign Affairs, 8-28-9, The Daily Beast, “Why Obama Should Learn to Love the Bomb,” http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/08/28/why-obama-should-learn-to-love-the-bomb.html, accessed 7-14-13, EB)

A growing and compelling body of research suggests that…countries may be brutally oppressive, but nothing in their behavior suggests they have a death wish.
No extinction—arsenal reductions mean nuclear winter theory flawed
Ball 6
(Desmond, Professor at the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre at the Australian National University, May 2006, Strategic and Defense Studies Center, “The Probabilities of On the Beach: Assessing ‘Armageddon Scenarios’ in the 21st Century,” working paper, p. 4, EB)

The leading populariser of the ‘Nuclear Winter’ hypothesis was Carl Sagan…and the numbers of strategic weapons halved.

No miscalculation—threat of nuclear annihilation decreases margin for unpredictability
Waltz 81
(Kenneth Waltz, London International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1981, Adelphi Papers, Number 171, “The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: More May Better,” https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/waltz1.htm, Accessed 11/23/13, JC)

Uncertainty about outcomes does not work decisively against the fighting of wars…Nuclear weapons make military miscalcu¬lations difficult and politically pertinent pre¬diction easy.
Ignoring climate change policy is anti-ethical—it leaves the global South to face the ecocide caused by Northern irresponsibility
Gordon 7
(Ruth Gordon, Professor of Law at Villinova University, “The Climate of Environmental Justice: Taking Stock: Climate Change and the Poorest Nations: Further Reflections on Global Inequality”. Colorado Law Review, Lexis)

There is no longer any question that the earth's climate is warming…a slow death in ecologically vulnerable and technologically lacking low-income nations.
Policy solutions are necessary to combat ecocide—it’s comparatively better than academic and discursive approaches
Leeson-Schatz 12
(PhD candidate in English @ Binghamton, Joe, “The Importance of Apocalypse: The Value of End-Of- The-World Politics While Advancing Ecocriticism,” Journal of Ecocriticism, 4.2)

There are three things ecocriticism must keep in mind to retain its…bring us together by awakening humanity to its shared stake in the global environment.
Climate change is the root cause of their impacts—it’s a threat multiplier
Scheffran 9
(Senior Research Scientist in the Program in Arms Control, Disarmament and International Security (ACDIS) of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jurgen, “Climate-induced instabilities and conflicts,”  IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 6 56, dml)

The 2007 Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change…environmental conflicts will be combined with micro-level empirical data of specific cases.

Focusing on the details and inner-workings of government policy-making is productive – critical approaches can’t resolve real world problems like poverty, racism and war
McClean 1
David E., Adjunct Professor of Philosophy, Molloy College, New York, 2001 “The Cultural Left and the Limits of Social Hope,” Presented at the 2001 Annual Conference of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy, Available Online at www.american-philosophy.org/archives/past_conference_programs/pc2001/Discussion20papers/david_mcclean.htm, JMP, Accessed on July 5, 2013)SP

Yet for some reason, at least partially explicated in…culture critics with their snobish disrespect for the so-called "managerial class."

Tournament: ASU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Hamilton CZ | Judge: Cade Cottrell
Plan Text
Text: The Export-Import Bank of the United States should substantially increase its economic engagement toward the United Mexican States by offering to provide interest-free loans for jatropha development.
1AC Warming
Contention one is warming.
Warming reaches its tipping point within twenty-five years—9,200 studies prove
Varma 13
(Subodh, 9/30/13, Times of India, “Planet racing towards 2°C temperature rise: UN report,” http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/global-warming/Planet-racing-towards-2C-temperature-rise-UN-report/articleshow/23277151.cms, Accessed 10/27/13, JC)

The first is that the carbon accumulation in the atmosphere and resulting global warming have
AND
collecting evidence 6 months ago, in order to start the consultation process.
Tipping points prevent adaptation—significant emission cuts are key
Hansen 8
(James E. Hansen, Professor of Earth and Environmental Science, head of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York City and adjunct professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Science at Columbia University, Al Gore’s science advisor, “Briefing before the Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming,” US House of Representatives, 6-23-2008, “Twenty years later: tipping points near on global warming,” http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/2008/TwentyYearsLater_20080623.pdf)

Fast feedbacks—changes that occur quickly in response to temperature change—amplify the
AND
as glaciers disappear. A major casualty in all this will be wildlife.

Carbon cycling means warming depends only on future emissions—CO2 reductions now are key
Matthews and Solomon 13
(H. Damon Matthews, department of Geography, Planning and Environment @
Concordia University, and Susan Solomon, department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sci-
ences @ Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 4/26/13,
Science Magazine, Vol 340, “Irreversible Does Not Mean Unavoidable,”
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/340/6131/438.full.pdf?keytype=refandsiteid=sciandijkey=X0PL7KHfd92FH6, Accessed 11/24/13, JC)

Understanding how decreases in C02 emissions would affect global tem- peratures has been hampered
AND
the same time scale as the political decisions that lead to the reductions.
Warming is real and anthropogenic
Braganza 11 (Karl, Manager, Climate Monitor at the Bureau of Meteorology in Australia, The Bureau presently operates under the authority of the Meteorology Act 1955, which requires it to report on the state of the atmosphere and oceans in support of Australia's social, economic, cultural and environmental goals. His salary is not funded from any external sources or dependent on specially funded government climate change projects. Karl Braganza does not consult to, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has no relevant affiliations “The greenhouse effect is real: here’s why,” 6/14/11, http://theconversation.edu.au/the-greenhouse-effect-is-real-heres-why-1515)

In public discussions of climate change, the full range and weight of evidence underpinning
AND
continued rapid increases in greenhouse gases will cause rapid future warming is irrefutable.
Mexico solve biofuels best—
A) Genetic diversity— 300 eco-friendly jatropha strains spread with more investment
Rosenberg 9
(Mica Rosenberg and Rosario Izapa, 3/11/9, Reuters, “Toxic jatropha shrub fuels Mexico's biodiesel push,” http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/03/11/us-mexico-biofuel-idUSTRE52A0JB20090311, Accessed 11/13/13, JC)

Mexico passed a law last year to push developing biofuels that don't threaten food security
AND
he is. "If there's money in it, we'll plant it."
B) US technology—Mexico has massive resources but needs more cooperation
Wood 10
(Duncan, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, "Environment, Development and Growth: US-Mexico Cooperation in Renewable Energies," http://www.statealliancepartnership.org/resources_files/USMexico_Cooperation_Renewable_Energies.pdf

Mexico is a country with vast natural resources for the production of biofuels, resulting
AND
as paper, textiles, and rope, and is common across Mexico.
Three internal links to warming:
A) Carbon farming—planting five percent of the world with jatropha halts CO2 increases
Harball 13 (Elizabeth, news source that provides coverage of the debate over climate policy and its effects on business, the environment and society, “Could Carbon Farms Reverse Global Warming? “, Scientific American, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=could-carbon-farms-reverse-global-warming, accessed 12/20/13, TC)
*75 of US = 5 of the world

A recent study by German researchers presents the possibility of "carbon farming" as
AND
millimeters per year in Oman and 30 millimeters per year in the Sonoran.
B) i. Biodiesel—jatropha is a high-quality replacement for oil specifically in transportation
Nahar and Ozores-Hampton 11
(Kamrun Nahar, Department of Environmental Science and Management @ North South University and Monica Ozores-Hampton, University of Florida Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, December 2011, Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, HS1193, “Jatropha: An Alternative Substitute to Fossil Fuel,” http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1193, Accessed 11/13/13, JC)

The benefits of biodiesel: Diesel substitutes from renewable sources such as biodiesel have similar
AND
smooth flow of the oil through the injector (Brittaine and Lutaladio 2010).

ii. Limiting transportation emissions independently solves warming by stopping air pollution and oil usage
Gordon 11 (Deborah, biologist at Stanford University, “Transportation Trifecta: Cars, Climate Change, and Oil Security”, 4/18/11,
http://carnegieendowment.org/2011/04/18/transportation-trifecta-cars-climate-change-and-oil-security/wbs, Accessed 11/17/12, JC)

Scientists now realize that air pollution and climate change must be treated as related challenges
AND
mitigating global warming, slashing air pollution, and seriously cutting oil consumption.

C) i. Bioplastics—jatropha waste-products revolutionize biodegradable polymers
Halliday 10
(Adam Halliday, 4/4/10, The Indian Express, “From byproducts of bio-diesel, a new, low-cost bio-plastic,” p. 1, http://www.indianexpress.com/news/from-byproducts-of-biodiesel-a-new-lowcost-bioplastic/599566/2, Accessed 11/13/13, JC)

Industry has long been wary of mass-producing biodegradable plastics, not only because of deficient
AND
liquid layer of crude glycerol and another layer of crude bio-diesel.
ii. Bioplastics solve warming—transition into sustainable energy and resource consumption
OECD 11(Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development¶ “Industrial Biotechnology and Climate Change” 11-7-2011 http://www.oecd.org/sti/biotech/49024032.pdf)
BJ
Besides biofuels, industrial biotechnology can contribute to climate change mitigation through
AND
for real-time monitoring of environmental pollutants and biometrics for identifying people.
Our impact is global warming.
Ocean acidification causes mass extinctions
Ward 10 (Peter, PhD, professor of Biology and Earth and Space Sciences at the University of Washington, paleontologist and NASA astrobiologist, Fellow at the California Academy of Sciences, The Flooded Earth: Our Future in a World Without Ice Caps, June 29, 2010)

In the rest of this chapter I will support a contention that within several millennia
AND
that a new generation will quickly decide to open their ears and listen.
1AC Solvency
Contention two is solvency.
The Export-Import bank is a crucial link between the developed and developing worlds—renewable technology transfer fosters social responsibility and global spillover
Gong 6
(Karis Anne, JD @ Berkeley, BA @ Princeton, “Exporting Sustainability: A proposal to reduce the climate impact of the Export?Import Bank of the United States,” p. 48-51, http://www.princeton.edu/~mauzeral/wws402d_s06/FinalDraftKarisGong.pdf, Accessed 11/24/13)

First, climate change is a result of aggregate emissions and aggregate concentrations ¶ of
AND
multilateral development banks” including the World Bank and Asian Development Bank.183
Mexico says yes to Ex-Im loans—prior investment in renewables proves
Export-Import Bank 09 (“American Windpower Firm Grows Through Exports to Mexico as Ex-Im Back Provides First Project Financing For Wind Power”, Export Import Bank of the United States- Exim.gov 11/24/09, http://www.exim.gov/newsandevents/releases/2009/american-windpower-firm-grows-through-exports-to-mexico-as-ex-im-back-provides-first-project-financing-for-wind-power.cfm, MB)
WASHINGTON, D.C. - Clipper Windpower Inc., a 700+-employee
AND
is available on the Bank's web site at www.exim.gov.
Yes transition—jatropha biofuels cost less than oil now and productivity’s still increasing
Lane 12
(Jim, 10/31/12, Biofuels Digest, “SG Biofuels expands jatropha platform; confirms $99 per barrel crude jatropha oil,” http://www.biofuelsdigest.com/bdigest/2012/10/31/sg-biofuels-expands-jatropha-platform-confirms-99-per-barrel-crude-jatropha-oil/, Accessed 11/20/13, JC)

In California, SG Biofuels announced at Advanced Biofuels Markets that it has expanded its
AND
the yield per acre, and we’ve solved that in a definitive way.

US advances in genetic improvements make current jatropha strains successful—prefer the most recent evidence
SGB 13
(2013, Seeds Genomics Biomaterials, “Jatropha 2.0,” http://www.sgbiofuels.com/pages/jatropha2/index.php, Accessed 11/18/13, JC)

Jatropha curcas is a non-edible shrub that is native to Central America.
AND
advancements through breeding, biotechnology and agronomics, resulting in significant gains in productivity and profitability.
Focusing on the details and inner-workings of government policy-making is productive – critical approaches can’t resolve real world problems like poverty, racism and war
McClean 1
David E., Adjunct Professor of Philosophy, Molloy College, New York, 2001 “The Cultural Left and the Limits of Social Hope,” Presented at the 2001 Annual Conference of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy, Available Online at www.american-philosophy.org/archives/past_conference_programs/pc2001/Discussion20papers/david_mcclean.htm, JMP, Accessed on July 5, 2013)SP

Yet for some reason, at least partially explicated in Richard Rorty's Achieving Our Country
AND
snobish disrespect for the so-called "managerial class."
Policy solutions are necessary to combat ecocide—it’s comparatively better than academic and discursive approaches
Leeson-Schatz 12
(PhD candidate in English @ Binghamton, Joe, “The Importance of Apocalypse: The Value of End-Of- The-World Politics While Advancing Ecocriticism,” Journal of Ecocriticism, 4.2)

There are three things ecocriticism must keep in mind to retain its effectiveness in the
AND
us together by awakening humanity to its shared stake in the global environment.
1AC Impact Framing
Contention three is impact framing.
War is obsolete—deterrence, peacekeeping, and trade
Goldstein 11
(Joshua S. Goldstein, professor emeritus of international relations at American University, and Steven Pinker, psychology professor at Harvard, December 18, 2011, New York Times, “War is really going out of style.” p. 1-2, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/18/opinion/sunday/war-really-is-going-out-of-style.html?pagewanted=1and_r=0, Accessed 11/20/13, JC)

“War” is a fuzzy category, shading from global conflagrations to neighborhood turf
AND
government becomes richer and stronger than its warlords, war loses its appeal.
Wars won’t go nuclear—empirically proven
Tepperman 9
(Jonathan, LL.M. in International Law from NYU, former Managing Editor of Foreign Affairs, 8-28-9, The Daily Beast, “Why Obama Should Learn to Love the Bomb,” http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/08/28/why-obama-should-learn-to-love-the-bomb.html, accessed 7-14-13, EB)

A growing and compelling body of research suggests that nuclear weapons may not, in
AND
oppressive, but nothing in their behavior suggests they have a death wish.
No extinction—arsenal reductions mean nuclear winter theory flawed
Ball 6
(Desmond, Professor at the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre at the Australian National University, May 2006, Strategic and Defense Studies Center, “The Probabilities of On the Beach: Assessing ‘Armageddon Scenarios’ in the 21st Century,” working paper, p. 4, EB)

The leading populariser of the ‘Nuclear Winter’ hypothesis was Carl Sagan, the brilliant
AND
and theatre weapons have been dismantled and the numbers of strategic weapons halved.

No miscalc—governments don’t plan nuclear counter-strikes on uncertain information because communication checks
Quinlan 9
(Sir Michael, visiting professor at King’s College London, Permanent Under-Secretary at the Ministry of Defence and former senior fellow at the International Institute of Strategic Studies, "Thinking About Nuclear Weapons: Principles, Problems, Prospects," Oxford University Press, CMR)

One special form of miscalculation appeared sporadically in the speculations of academic commentators, though
AND
if necessary—that there was no misinterpretation of its conventionally armed launch.
Climate change multiplies threats—resource wars, migration exacerbate tensions
Scheffran 9
(Senior Research Scientist in the Program in Arms Control, Disarmament and International Security (ACDIS) of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jurgen, “Climate-induced instabilities and conflicts,”  IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 6 56, dml)

The 2007 Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
AND
conflicts will be combined with micro-level empirical data of specific cases.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bellarmine DN | Judge: Sunny Advani
Same as Stanford.

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 2 | Opponent: Clovis North TP | Judge: Mark Bibas
Plan Text
Text: The Export-Import Bank of the United States should substantially increase its economic engagement toward the United Mexican States by offering to provide interest-free loans for jatropha development.
1AC Warming
Contention one is warming.
Warming reaches its tipping point within twenty-five years—9,200 studies prove
Varma 13
(Subodh, 9/30/13, Times of India, “Planet racing towards 2°C temperature rise: UN report,” http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/global-warming/Planet-racing-towards-2C-temperature-rise-UN-report/articleshow/23277151.cms, Accessed 10/27/13, JC)

The first is that the carbon accumulation in the atmosphere and resulting global warming have
AND
collecting evidence 6 months ago, in order to start the consultation process.
Tipping points prevent adaptation—significant emission cuts are key
Hansen 8
(James E. Hansen, Professor of Earth and Environmental Science, head of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York City and adjunct professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Science at Columbia University, Al Gore’s science advisor, “Briefing before the Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming,” US House of Representatives, 6-23-2008, “Twenty years later: tipping points near on global warming,” http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/2008/TwentyYearsLater_20080623.pdf)

Fast feedbacks—changes that occur quickly in response to temperature change—amplify the
AND
as glaciers disappear. A major casualty in all this will be wildlife.

Carbon cycling means warming depends only on coming emissions—CO2 reductions now are key
Matthews and Solomon 13
(H. Damon Matthews, department of Geography, Planning and Environment @
Concordia University, and Susan Solomon, department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sci-
ences @ Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 4/26/13,
Science Magazine, Vol 340, “Irreversible Does Not Mean Unavoidable,”
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/340/6131/438.full.pdf?keytype=refandsiteid=sciandijkey=X0PL7KHfd92FH6, Accessed 11/24/13, JC)

Understanding how decreases in C02 emissions would affect global tem- peratures has been hampered
AND
the same time scale as the political decisions that lead to the reductions.
Warming is real and anthropogenic
Braganza 11 (Karl, Manager, Climate Monitor at the Bureau of Meteorology in Australia, The Bureau presently operates under the authority of the Meteorology Act 1955, which requires it to report on the state of the atmosphere and oceans in support of Australia's social, economic, cultural and environmental goals. His salary is not funded from any external sources or dependent on specially funded government climate change projects. Karl Braganza does not consult to, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has no relevant affiliations “The greenhouse effect is real: here’s why,” 6/14/11, http://theconversation.edu.au/the-greenhouse-effect-is-real-heres-why-1515)

In public discussions of climate change, the full range and weight of evidence underpinning
AND
continued rapid increases in greenhouse gases will cause rapid future warming is irrefutable.
Mexico solve biofuels best—
A) Genetic diversity— 300 eco-friendly jatropha strains spread with more investment
Rosenberg 9
(Mica Rosenberg and Rosario Izapa, 3/11/9, Reuters, “Toxic jatropha shrub fuels Mexico's biodiesel push,” http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/03/11/us-mexico-biofuel-idUSTRE52A0JB20090311, Accessed 11/13/13, JC)

Mexico passed a law last year to push developing biofuels that don't threaten food security
AND
he is. "If there's money in it, we'll plant it."
B) US technology—Mexico has massive resources but needs more cooperation
Wood 10
(Duncan, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, "Environment, Development and Growth: US-Mexico Cooperation in Renewable Energies," http://www.statealliancepartnership.org/resources_files/USMexico_Cooperation_Renewable_Energies.pdf

Mexico is a country with vast natural resources for the production of biofuels, resulting
AND
as paper, textiles, and rope, and is common across Mexico.
Three internal links to warming:
A) Carbon farming—planting five percent of the world with jatropha halts CO2 increases
Harball 13 (Elizabeth, news source that provides coverage of the debate over climate policy and its effects on business, the environment and society, “Could Carbon Farms Reverse Global Warming? “, Scientific American, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=could-carbon-farms-reverse-global-warming, accessed 12/20/13, TC)
*75 of US = 5 of the world

A recent study by German researchers presents the possibility of "carbon farming" as
AND
millimeters per year in Oman and 30 millimeters per year in the Sonoran.
B) i. Biodiesel—jatropha is a high-quality replacement for oil specifically in transportation
Nahar and Ozores-Hampton 11
(Kamrun Nahar, Department of Environmental Science and Management @ North South University and Monica Ozores-Hampton, University of Florida Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, December 2011, Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, HS1193, “Jatropha: An Alternative Substitute to Fossil Fuel,” http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1193, Accessed 11/13/13, JC)

The benefits of biodiesel: Diesel substitutes from renewable sources such as biodiesel have similar
AND
smooth flow of the oil through the injector (Brittaine and Lutaladio 2010).

ii. Limiting transportation emissions independently solves warming by stopping air pollution and oil usage
Gordon 11 (Deborah, biologist at Stanford University, “Transportation Trifecta: Cars, Climate Change, and Oil Security”, 4/18/11,
http://carnegieendowment.org/2011/04/18/transportation-trifecta-cars-climate-change-and-oil-security/wbs, Accessed 11/17/12, JC)

Scientists now realize that air pollution and climate change must be treated as related challenges
AND
mitigating global warming, slashing air pollution, and seriously cutting oil consumption.

C) i. Bioplastics—jatropha waste-products revolutionize biodegradable polymers
Halliday 10
(Adam Halliday, 4/4/10, The Indian Express, “From byproducts of bio-diesel, a new, low-cost bio-plastic,” p. 1, http://www.indianexpress.com/news/from-byproducts-of-biodiesel-a-new-lowcost-bioplastic/599566/2, Accessed 11/13/13, JC)

Industry has long been wary of mass-producing biodegradable plastics, not only because
AND
wliquid layer of crude glycerol and another layer of crude bio-diesel.
ii. Bioplastics solve warming—transition into sustainable energy and resource consumption
OECD 11(Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development¶ “Industrial Biotechnology and Climate Change” 11-7-2011 http://www.oecd.org/sti/biotech/49024032.pdf)
BJ

Besides biofuels, industrial biotechnology can contribute to climate change mitigation through diverse products in
AND
for real-time monitoring of environmental pollutants and biometrics for identifying people.
Our impact is climate change.
Scenario one is ocean acidification—causes extinction via release of toxic H2S microbes
Ward 10 (Peter, PhD, professor of Biology and Earth and Space Sciences at the University of Washington, paleontologist and NASA astrobiologist, Fellow at the California Academy of Sciences, The Flooded Earth: Our Future in a World Without Ice Caps, June 29, 2010)

In the rest of this chapter I will support a contention that within several millennia
AND
that a new generation will quickly decide to open their ears and listen.

Scenario two is methane bursts—warming thaws Arctic ice and releases methane that make our timeframe decades sooner
Science Daily 13
(based on article from the University of Cambridge Gail Whiteman, Chris Hope, Peter Wadhams, Climate science: Vast costs of Arctic change. Nature, 2013; 499, Science Daily, 7/24/13, “Cost of Arctic methane release could be 'size of global economy', experts warn,” http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130724134256.htm, Accessed 1/31/14, JC)

Wadhams added: "The imminent disappearance of the summer sea ice in the Arctic
AND
, flooding, droughts and poorer health, as Arctic warming affects climate.

That causes extinction—methane explosions and rapid warming are 10,000 times more destructive than nuclear war
Ryskin 3
(Gregory, Department of Chemical Engineering @ Northwestern University, Geology, September 2003, v. 31; no. 9, “Methane-driven oceanic eruptions and mass extinctions,”
p. 742, http://globalcoolingplan.org/public/Leestuff/The20problem20-20runaway20global20heating/Permian-Triassic20Extinction20Event/methaneGeology5B15D20Methane-driven20oceanic20eruptions20and20mass20extinctions.pdf, Accessed 1/31/14, JC)

The consequences of a methane-driven oceanic eruption-for ma- rine and
AND
implicated in the nuclear- winter scenario (Turco et al., 1991).
1AC Solvency
Contention two is solvency.
The Export-Import bank is key to renewable technology transfer—that fosters social responsibility and global spillover
Gong 6
(Karis Anne, JD @ Berkeley, BA @ Princeton, “Exporting Sustainability: A proposal to reduce the climate impact of the Export?Import Bank of the United States,” p. 48-51, http://www.princeton.edu/~mauzeral/wws402d_s06/FinalDraftKarisGong.pdf, Accessed 11/24/13)

First, climate change is a result of aggregate emissions and aggregate concentrations ¶ of
AND
multilateral development banks” including the World Bank and Asian Development Bank.183
Yes transition—jatropha biofuels cost less than oil now and productivity’s still increasing
Lane 12
(Jim, 10/31/12, Biofuels Digest, “SG Biofuels expands jatropha platform; confirms $99 per barrel crude jatropha oil,” http://www.biofuelsdigest.com/bdigest/2012/10/31/sg-biofuels-expands-jatropha-platform-confirms-99-per-barrel-crude-jatropha-oil/, Accessed 11/20/13, JC)

In California, SG Biofuels announced at Advanced Biofuels Markets that it has expanded its
AND
the yield per acre, and we’ve solved that in a definitive way.
Our method is productive—crisis politics of the green movement create an opportunity for solidarity in the need for economic and political reforms
Smith 10
(Brendan, co-founder of Labor Network for Sustainability, 11-23, “Fighting Doom: The New Politics of Climate Change,” Common Dreams, http://www.commondreams.org/view/2010/11/23-1)

I admit I have arrived late to the party. Only recently have I begun
AND
said to me, "God help us, I hope you're right."

1AC Impact Framing
Contention three is impact framing.
War is obsolete—deterrence, peacekeeping, and trade
Goldstein 11
(Joshua S. Goldstein, professor emeritus of international relations at American University, and Steven Pinker, psychology professor at Harvard, December 18, 2011, New York Times, “War is really going out of style.” p. 1-2, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/18/opinion/sunday/war-really-is-going-out-of-style.html?pagewanted=1and_r=0, Accessed 11/20/13, JC)

“War” is a fuzzy category, shading from global conflagrations to neighborhood turf
AND
than its warlords, war loses its appeal.
Wars won’t go nuclear—empirically proven
Tepperman 9
(Jonathan, LL.M. in International Law from NYU, former Managing Editor of Foreign Affairs, 8-28-9, The Daily Beast, “Why Obama Should Learn to Love the Bomb,” http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/08/28/why-obama-should-learn-to-love-the-bomb.html, accessed 7-14-13, EB)

A growing and compelling body of research suggests that nuclear weapons may not, in
AND
oppressive, but nothing in their behavior suggests they have a death wish.
No extinction—reduced stockpiles can’t produce enough smoke for nuclear winter
Ball 6
(Desmond, Professor at the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre at the Australian National University, May 2006, Strategic and Defense Studies Center, “The Probabilities of On the Beach: Assessing ‘Armageddon Scenarios’ in the 21st Century,” working paper, p. 4, EB)

The leading populariser of the ‘Nuclear Winter’ hypothesis was Carl Sagan, the brilliant
AND
and theatre weapons have been dismantled and the numbers of strategic weapons halved.

No miscalc—governments don’t plan nuclear counter-strikes on uncertain information because communication checks
Quinlan 9
(Sir Michael, visiting professor at King’s College London, Permanent Under-Secretary at the Ministry of Defence and former senior fellow at the International Institute of Strategic Studies, "Thinking About Nuclear Weapons: Principles, Problems, Prospects," Oxford University Press, CMR)

One special form of miscalculation appeared sporadically in the speculations of academic commentators, though
AND
doubt, in ensuring—by explicit communication if necessary—that there was no misinterpretation of its conventionally armed launch.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Clovis North HS | Judge: Matt Filpi
Text: The Export-Import Bank of the United States should substantially increase its economic engagement toward the United Mexican States by offering to provide interest-free loans for jatropha development.
1AC Warming
Contention one is warming.
Warming reaches its tipping point within twenty-five years—9,200 studies prove
Varma 13
(Subodh, 9/30/13, Times of India, “Planet racing towards 2°C temperature rise: UN report,” http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/global-warming/Planet-racing-towards-2C-temperature-rise-UN-report/articleshow/23277151.cms, Accessed 10/27/13, JC)

The first is that the carbon accumulation in the atmosphere and resulting global warming have
AND
collecting evidence 6 months ago, in order to start the consultation process.
Tipping points prevent adaptation—significant emission cuts are key
Hansen 8
(James E. Hansen, Professor of Earth and Environmental Science, head of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York City and adjunct professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Science at Columbia University, Al Gore’s science advisor, “Briefing before the Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming,” US House of Representatives, 6-23-2008, “Twenty years later: tipping points near on global warming,” http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/2008/TwentyYearsLater_20080623.pdf)

Fast feedbacks—changes that occur quickly in response to temperature change—amplify the
AND
as glaciers disappear. A major casualty in all this will be wildlife.

Carbon cycling means warming depends only on coming emissions—CO2 reductions now are key
Matthews and Solomon 13
(H. Damon Matthews, department of Geography, Planning and Environment @
Concordia University, and Susan Solomon, department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sci-
ences @ Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 4/26/13,
Science Magazine, Vol 340, “Irreversible Does Not Mean Unavoidable,”
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/340/6131/438.full.pdf?keytype=refandsiteid=sciandijkey=X0PL7KHfd92FH6, Accessed 11/24/13, JC)

Understanding how decreases in C02 emissions would affect global tem- peratures has been hampered
AND
the same time scale as the political decisions that lead to the reductions.
Warming is real and anthropogenic
Braganza 11 (Karl, Manager, Climate Monitor at the Bureau of Meteorology in Australia, The Bureau presently operates under the authority of the Meteorology Act 1955, which requires it to report on the state of the atmosphere and oceans in support of Australia's social, economic, cultural and environmental goals. His salary is not funded from any external sources or dependent on specially funded government climate change projects. Karl Braganza does not consult to, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has no relevant affiliations “The greenhouse effect is real: here’s why,” 6/14/11, http://theconversation.edu.au/the-greenhouse-effect-is-real-heres-why-1515)

In public discussions of climate change, the full range and weight of evidence underpinning
AND
continued rapid increases in greenhouse gases will cause rapid future warming is irrefutable.
Mexico solve biofuels best—
A) Genetic diversity— 300 eco-friendly jatropha strains spread with more investment
Rosenberg 9
(Mica Rosenberg and Rosario Izapa, 3/11/9, Reuters, “Toxic jatropha shrub fuels Mexico's biodiesel push,” http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/03/11/us-mexico-biofuel-idUSTRE52A0JB20090311, Accessed 11/13/13, JC)

Mexico passed a law last year to push developing biofuels that don't threaten food security
AND
he is. "If there's money in it, we'll plant it."
B) US technology—Mexico has massive resources but needs more cooperation
Wood 10
(Duncan, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, "Environment, Development and Growth: US-Mexico Cooperation in Renewable Energies," http://www.statealliancepartnership.org/resources_files/USMexico_Cooperation_Renewable_Energies.pdf

Mexico is a country with vast natural resources for the production of biofuels, resulting
AND
as paper, textiles, and rope, and is common across Mexico.
Three internal links to warming:
A) Carbon farming—planting five percent of the world with jatropha halts CO2 increases
Harball 13 (Elizabeth, news source that provides coverage of the debate over climate policy and its effects on business, the environment and society, “Could Carbon Farms Reverse Global Warming? “, Scientific American, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=could-carbon-farms-reverse-global-warming, accessed 12/20/13, TC)
*75 of US = 5 of the world

A recent study by German researchers presents the possibility of "carbon farming" as
AND
millimeters per year in Oman and 30 millimeters per year in the Sonoran.
B) i. Biodiesel—jatropha is a high-quality replacement for oil specifically in transportation
Nahar and Ozores-Hampton 11
(Kamrun Nahar, Department of Environmental Science and Management @ North South University and Monica Ozores-Hampton, University of Florida Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, December 2011, Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, HS1193, “Jatropha: An Alternative Substitute to Fossil Fuel,” http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1193, Accessed 11/13/13, JC)

The benefits of biodiesel: Diesel substitutes from renewable sources such as biodiesel have similar
AND
smooth flow of the oil through the injector (Brittaine and Lutaladio 2010).

ii. Limiting transportation emissions independently solves warming by stopping air pollution and oil usage
Gordon 11 (Deborah, biologist at Stanford University, “Transportation Trifecta: Cars, Climate Change, and Oil Security”, 4/18/11,
http://carnegieendowment.org/2011/04/18/transportation-trifecta-cars-climate-change-and-oil-security/wbs, Accessed 11/17/12, JC)

Scientists now realize that air pollution and climate change must be treated as related challenges
AND
mitigating global warming, slashing air pollution, and seriously cutting oil consumption.

C) i. Bioplastics—jatropha waste-products revolutionize biodegradable polymers
Halliday 10
(Adam Halliday, 4/4/10, The Indian Express, “From byproducts of bio-diesel, a new, low-cost bio-plastic,” p. 1, http://www.indianexpress.com/news/from-byproducts-of-biodiesel-a-new-lowcost-bioplastic/599566/2, Accessed 11/13/13, JC)

Industry has long been wary of mass-producing biodegradable plastics, not only because
AND
wliquid layer of crude glycerol and another layer of crude bio-diesel.
ii. Bioplastics solve warming—transition into sustainable energy and resource consumption
OECD 11(Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development¶ “Industrial Biotechnology and Climate Change” 11-7-2011 http://www.oecd.org/sti/biotech/49024032.pdf)
BJ

Besides biofuels, industrial biotechnology can contribute to climate change mitigation through diverse products in
AND
for real-time monitoring of environmental pollutants and biometrics for identifying people.
Our impact is climate change.
Scenario one is ocean acidification—causes extinction via release of toxic H2S microbes
Ward 10 (Peter, PhD, professor of Biology and Earth and Space Sciences at the University of Washington, paleontologist and NASA astrobiologist, Fellow at the California Academy of Sciences, The Flooded Earth: Our Future in a World Without Ice Caps, June 29, 2010)

In the rest of this chapter I will support a contention that within several millennia
AND
that a new generation will quickly decide to open their ears and listen.

Scenario two is methane bursts—warming thaws Arctic ice and releases methane that make our timeframe decades sooner
Science Daily 13
(based on article from the University of Cambridge Gail Whiteman, Chris Hope, Peter Wadhams, Climate science: Vast costs of Arctic change. Nature, 2013; 499, Science Daily, 7/24/13, “Cost of Arctic methane release could be 'size of global economy', experts warn,” http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130724134256.htm, Accessed 1/31/14, JC)

Wadhams added: "The imminent disappearance of the summer sea ice in the Arctic
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, flooding, droughts and poorer health, as Arctic warming affects climate.

That causes extinction—methane explosions and rapid warming are 10,000 times more destructive than nuclear war
Ryskin 3
(Gregory, Department of Chemical Engineering @ Northwestern University, Geology, September 2003, v. 31; no. 9, “Methane-driven oceanic eruptions and mass extinctions,”
p. 742, http://globalcoolingplan.org/public/Leestuff/The20problem20-20runaway20global20heating/Permian-Triassic20Extinction20Event/methaneGeology5B15D20Methane-driven20oceanic20eruptions20and20mass20extinctions.pdf, Accessed 1/31/14, JC)
The consequences of a methane-driven oceanic eruption-for ma- rine and
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implicated in the nuclear- winter scenario (Turco et al., 1991).

1AC Solvency
Contention two is solvency.
The Export-Import bank is key to renewable technology transfer—that fosters social responsibility and global spillover
Gong 6
(Karis Anne, JD @ Berkeley, BA @ Princeton, “Exporting Sustainability: A proposal to reduce the climate impact of the Export?Import Bank of the United States,” p. 48-51, http://www.princeton.edu/~mauzeral/wws402d_s06/FinalDraftKarisGong.pdf, Accessed 11/24/13)

First, climate change is a result of aggregate emissions and aggregate concentrations ¶ of
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multilateral development banks” including the World Bank and Asian Development Bank.183
Yes transition—jatropha biofuels cost less than oil now and productivity’s still increasing
Lane 12
(Jim, 10/31/12, Biofuels Digest, “SG Biofuels expands jatropha platform; confirms $99 per barrel crude jatropha oil,” http://www.biofuelsdigest.com/bdigest/2012/10/31/sg-biofuels-expands-jatropha-platform-confirms-99-per-barrel-crude-jatropha-oil/, Accessed 11/20/13, JC)

In California, SG Biofuels announced at Advanced Biofuels Markets that it has expanded its
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the yield per acre, and we’ve solved that in a definitive way.

US advances in genetic improvements make current jatropha strains successful—prefer the most recent evidence
SGB 13
(2013, Seeds Genomics Biomaterials, “Jatropha 2.0,” http://www.sgbiofuels.com/pages/jatropha2/index.php, Accessed 11/18/13, JC)

Jatropha curcas is a non-edible shrub that is native to Central America.
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, biotechnology and agronomics, resulting in significant gains in productivity and profitability.
Our method is productive—crisis politics of the green movement create an opportunity for solidarity in the need for economic and political reforms
Smith 10
(Brendan, co-founder of Labor Network for Sustainability, 11-23, “Fighting Doom: The New Politics of Climate Change,” Common Dreams, http://www.commondreams.org/view/2010/11/23-1)

I admit I have arrived late to the party. Only recently have I begun
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said to me, "God help us, I hope you're right."

Focusing on the details and inner-workings of government policy-making is productive – critical approaches can’t resolve real world problems like poverty, racism and war
McClean 1
David E., Adjunct Professor of Philosophy, Molloy College, New York, 2001 “The Cultural Left and the Limits of Social Hope,” Presented at the 2001 Annual Conference of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy, Available Online at www.american-philosophy.org/archives/past_conference_programs/pc2001/Discussion20papers/david_mcclean.htm, JMP, Accessed on July 5, 2013)SP

Yet for some reason, at least partially explicated in Richard Rorty's Achieving Our Country
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critics with their snobish disrespect for the so-called "managerial class."
Policy solutions are necessary to combat ecocide—it’s comparatively better than academic and discursive approaches
Leeson-Schatz 12
(PhD candidate in English @ Binghamton, Joe, “The Importance of Apocalypse: The Value of End-Of- The-World Politics While Advancing Ecocriticism,” Journal of Ecocriticism, 4.2)

There are three things ecocriticism must keep in mind to retain its effectiveness in the
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us together by awakening humanity to its shared stake in the global environment.

Scientific predictions solve – defer to expert consensus
Sullivan 98 (Phillip A., professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Toronto’s Institute for Aerospace Studies, “An Engineer Dissects Two Cases Studies”, A House Built on Sand: Exposing Postmodernist Myths about Science, edited by Noretta Koertge)

The Process of Scientific Discovery   This story illustrates all the characteristics of scientific discovery,
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that, when used appropriately, are capable of making accurate predictions. 12