Tournament: Heritage Hall | Round: 5 | Opponent: Liberal Arts  Sciences SY | Judge: Christopher Thomas

1. In the face of an accelerating ecological crisis, the aff has decided to advocate a strategy of expansionism – increasing infrastructure over the natural world for the sole purpose of human interest.
   Sivil, 2000 (Richard Sivil studied at the University of Durban Westville, and at the University of Natal, Durban. He has been lecturing philosophy since 1996. "WHY WE NEED A NEW ETHIC FOR THE ENVIRONMENT", 2000, http://www.crvp.org/book/Series02/II-7/chapter_vii.htm)

 Three most significant and pressing factors contributing to the environmental crisis are the ever
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fail to provide a stable ground for the development of an environmental ethic.

2. The plan frames transportation infrastructure anthropocentrically – they only care about efficiency, growth for humans, and the direct effects on the region.
Bennett, ’11 (Victoria J. Bennett is a postdoctoral research associate, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, "Toward Understanding the Ecological Impact of Transportation Corridors," www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr846.pdf) 

Transportation corridors (notably roads) affect
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distributions, community structure and ecosystem function.

This human-centric ethic will culminate in ecological collapse and extinction.
Ahkin ’10 (Melanie Ahkin, Monash University, 2010, "Human Centrism, Animist Materialism, and the Critique of Rationalism in Val Plumwood’s Critical Ecological Feminism," Emergent Australian Philosophers, a peer reviewed journal of philosophy,http://www.eap.philosophy-australia.com/archives.html)

These five features provide the basis
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transformation of the human centric framework.15

Tournament: Woodward | Round: 5 | Opponent: Chattahoochee HK | Judge: Hanson, B
Text: The United States Federal Government should ban international property law and mandate its eradication under international economic frameworks.
The counterplan solves – every legal patent law problem is directly due to excessive corporate patent litigation and trolling, assumes your defense.
Boldrin and Levine 13’ (Winter 2013, Michele Boldrin and David K. Levine, Journalists and Economists at the Journal of Economic Perspectives, "The Case Against Patents", Journal of Economic Perspectives—Volume 27, Number 1, DPatt)
Patent lawyers play a large role in the political economy of patents. According to
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while while being highly valued and overused in mature and highly concentrated ones.

Net Benefits is innovation -

The patent system disincentives technological innovation in exchange for patent trolling and litigation.
Piana 13’ (Jan 13, 2013 Carlo Piana is a lawyer by training and a Free Software advocate. A qualified attorney in Italy, Piana has been practicing IT law since 1995, focusing his practice on software, technology, standardization, data protection and digital liberties in general, and serves as external General Counsel to the Free Software Foundation Europe ("FSFE"). , http://opensource.com/law/13/1/abolish-patents-too-soon-late**, DPatt)
Only three or four years ago, it was commonly
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riding a lot of odd horses in a short while.

Innovation key to solve extinction
Kurzweil 8—BS in Computer Science and Literature in 1970 from MIT, header of tons of entrepreneurial projects (Ray, 13 April 2008, Making the World A Billion Times Better, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/11/AR2008041103326.html, RBatra) ellipses in original
This exponential progress in the power of information technology goes back more than a century
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percent over the next decade. That phenomenon will spread around the globe.

Tournament: Cal Invitational at Berkeley | Round: 5 | Opponent: Oxford JW | Judge: Connor Hayes

Power, control, and subjugation are not simply exercised through prohibition and negativity but through the positive production of docile and normalized subjects. The affirmative’s economic olive branch is a ruse for the discursive production of "backwards" populations to be "developed" under the tutelage of US imperial hegemony, a move destined for failure.

DuBois 91 (Marc, "The Governance of the Third World: A Foucauldian Perspective on Power Relations in Development", Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Vol. 16, No. 1, Winter 1991, ~CL~)
Foucault’s definition of power is one of his most controversial concepts, and perhaps his
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(the solution), dooming many well-intended development efforts to failure.

The bio-political sentiment of the is exemplified by their faith in labor exchange politics. Their trade of the worker functions them as part of the labor apparatus of the state that disciplines foreign workers under the guise of solidarity destroying their functioning as individual political beings. Individual analyzation of power relations within Labour exchange is key.

Fumagalli 07’ (September 17, 2007, Andrea Fumagalli PHD candidate (University of Pavia), "BIOECONOMICS, LABOR FLEXIBILITY AND COGNITIVE WORK: THE UNEQUAL EXCHANGE" PG. 11-13, DPatt)
In a bio-economic process, labour exchange
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its remuneration should be determined at social level.

These forms of barelife are dangerous because it ends power relations and therefore the possibility of resistance.  The possibility of this absolute dehumanization extends into contemporary politics.

Edkins and Pin-Fat, 05 (Jenny Edkins is Professor of International Politics at the University of Wales Aberystwyth, and Véronique Pin-Fat is Lecturer in International Relations in the Centre for International Politics at the University of Manchester, "Through the Wire: Relations of Power and Relations of Violence", Millennium - Journal of International Studies 2005 34: 1, 8/1/05, rm)
In this section, we suggest that when the insights of Foucault and Agamben are
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power relations irrelevant, we have all become homines sacri or bare life.

The alternative is to reject the 1ac’s management of life by economic engagement through a critical mapping of power.The alternative’s criticism of power allows biopolitics to be exposed and resisted

Rose-Redwood, 06’ ~Reuben, Dept. of Geography @ Penn. State Univ. "Governmentaity, geography, and the geo-coded world." Progress in human geography, 30.4, 2006, 469-486, Accessed online~ 
Blomley and Sommers (1999) also bring together the insights of governmentality studies (
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and non-state actors play a significant role in constructing governmental rationalities.

Tournament: Heritage Hall | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Edmond Santa Fe KL | Judge: Danie Masterson, Tyler Minton, Tommy Snider
The affirmative’s approach fails to solve the root cause: Modern Racism is no longer based on ideologies of cultural or natural superiority -  economic egotism is the root of modern racism.  
Zizek 8 (Slavoj, Senior Researcher Institute for Social Studies, Ljubljana, "Violence p 101-104,")

But we are not dealing here only
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economic prosperity and those excluded from it.

Rap and hip hop are tools to be exploited by corporations- images of rap as a platform just entrench racism
Kitwana 2- fellow at the Jamestown Project, think tank @ Harvard
(Bakari, "The Hip Hop Generation," p. 9-11)
Let us begin with popular culture and the visibility of Black youth within it.
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that gave young Blacks a platform was the driving force behind our plight. 

Capitalism ensures racism and genocide
Internationalist Persepective 8 (staff writer, Spring, "Marxism and the Holocaust," http://internationalist-perspective.org/IP/ip-archive/ip-archive.html)

In this essay, I want to make, and elaborate on, three claims
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-military means has become the veritable hallmark of the death-world. 

Moreover, resisting the economic evaluation of populations is the ultimate ethical responsibility – the current social order guarantees social exclusion on a global scale while simultaneously anonymizing violence in a way that makes impact calculation impossible.
Zizek and Daly 2k4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)

For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol
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abject Other to that of a ’glitch’ in an otherwise sound matrix.

Thus our alternative is an affirmation of the Communist Hypothesis.  Every ethical decision – up to the ballot itself – should be infused with all of the significance of humanity’s destiny.  The question regarding the plan is "does it confirm or contradict the communist hypothesis."  If we win a link argument, you should reject the affirmative because they reduce life to a barbaric ratrace and stand opposed to universal emancipation.  
Alain Badiou, former Chair of Philosophy at École normale supérieure, 2008.  ~The Meaning of Sarkozy, pp. 97-103~ 

I would like to situate the Sarkozy episode, which is not an impressive page
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the moment at which we find ourselves in the history of this hypothesis.

Tournament: Woodward | Round: 2 | Opponent: Johns Creek KM | Judge: Allisa Yang
CP text: the people’s republic of China should engage in short sea shipping strategies with mexico

China can solve infrastructure.
Esenaro 6/20  (Alberto Esenaro has 15 years of law practice, Mr. Esenaro has helped many US, European and Asian companies doing business in Mexico for industries such as telecom, IT, energy, pharmaceutical, health services and medical devices, entertainment, ports, financial services, automotive and overseas trading, June 20, 2013, "President Xi Jinping sees Opportunities for Chinese Companies in Mexico," http://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/president-xi-jinping-sees-opportunities-35209/, RM)

Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto visited China in April with an eye on a more
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a threat, but as a great opportunity for Mexico and Latin America."

Tournament: Bentonville Tigers Eye | Round: Quarters | Opponent: FH CrispBoorojeni-Pudeh | Judge: Booterbaugh
China influence is up and US engagement is down – recent trips pale in comparison to policy.
Martinez ’13 (Guillermo I., Columnist, “America losing influence throughout Latin America” May 23, 2013, The Sun Sentinel, http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2013-05-23/news/fl-gmcol-oped0523-20130523_1_drug-cartels-latin-america-pri)-mikee

Once upon a time, as many fairy tales
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status as a premier world power. This is no fairy tale.

China taking over in LA- tech expansion
Hernandez 3-13-13
Research Assistant at the Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies, University of Miami
Issue 186 March 13, 2013 Jennifer Hernandez http://ctp.iccas.miami.edu/FOCUS_Web/Issue186.htm

The People’s Republic of China has a strong
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China has been expanding its sphere of influence.

Continued influence is key to growth and CCP stability.
Farnsworth ’12 (Eric Farnsworth is vice-president of the Council of the Americas in Washington DC and from 1995 to 1998 was senior adviser to the White House special envoy for the Americas. “Memo to Washington: China's Growing Presence in Latin America,” Americas Quarterly, Vol. 6, No. 1, Winter, 2012, http://www.americasquarterly.org/Farnsworth)-mikee

What is China doing in the Americas?
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unequally distributed across the Americas.

CCP instability leads to nuclear war.
Rexing, 5 (San, Staff – Epoch Times, The CCP’s Last Ditch Gamble: Biological and Nuclear War, 8-5, http://english.epochtimes.com/ news/5-8-5/30975.html)

What, then, is the gist of this wild
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billion people hostage and gamble with their lives.

Tournament: Woodward | Round: 2 | Opponent: Johns Creek KM | Judge: Allisa Yang
Chinese steel production high and growing
Siddiqui 9/17 Shoaib-ur-Rehman Siddiqui @ The Buisiness Recorder September 17, 2012 ("China’s Sept 1-10 daily steel output edges higher", http://www.brecorder.com/markets/commodities/asia/79805.html, SCB)

SHANGHAI/BEIJING: China’s steel mills increased
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percent of China’s total steel output.

The steel for federal transportation projects is legally required to come from the U.S.  
Department of Transportation 10 (Current list of provisions of the Buy America Act, 14 December 2010, http://www.dot.gov/buyamerica/buy_america_.pdf)

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, Section 1605 – Buy American (100
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-U.S. Agreement on Government Procurement) do not apply. 

That massively dents China’s growing market share, the backbone of Chinese economic growth   
Haley 9 – George T., PhD, Professor 26 Director, Center for International Industry Competitiveness, College of Business, University of New Haven, "Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Hearing: China’s Industrial Policy and its Impact on U.S. Companies, Workers and the American Economy," March 24, 2009, http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2009hearings/written_testimonies/09_03_24_wrts/09_03_24_haley_statement.php

What impact has China’s support of its pillar industries had on U.S.
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. based capacity and shifted production and employment overseas to remain price competitive. 

Chinese exports are uniquely key—collapse causes CCP instability, global economic collapse, and US-Sino war
Lewis 7 Research Director of the Economic Research Council (Dan, April 19, 2007, "The nightmare of a Chinese economic collapse," World Finance, http://www.economicpolicycentre.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/The-nightmare-of-a-Chinese-economic-collapse.pdf, SCB

A reduction in demand for imported Chinese
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Taiwan – whom America is pledged to defend.

Tournament: Bentonville Tigers Eye | Round: 1 | Opponent: GH LoganWilson | Judge: Lee Curry
CP Text: The United States federal government should lift all economic restrictions imposed by the Cuban embargo except for restrictions on cigars. 

Plan increases cigar consumption—Embargo makes Cuban cigars illegal.
Manelski ’13 Access Date, Gary Manelski, About.com Guide, “Cuban Cigars - Are Cuban Cigars Legal?” http://cigars.about.com/od/cubantradeembargo/qt/0062002a.htm, AZhang 

Cuban cigars are illegal in the United States
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penalties, depending on the particular circumstances.

Smoking kills half a million a year
Niezgoda ‘6—J.D. from Notre Dame Law School (Jessica, 2006, 33 J. Legis. 99, KICKING ASH(TRAYS): SMOKING BANS IN PUBLIC WORKPLACES, BARS, AND RESTAURANTS: CURRENT LAWS, CONSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES, AND PROPOSED FEDERAL REGULATION, LexisNexis Academic)

Smoking kills an estimated 440,000 americans each
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smoking in public workplaces, bars and restaurants.

Tournament: Heritage Hall | Round: 2 | Opponent: Charles Page MR | Judge: Clint Clevenger
Text: the United States federal government should provide necessary resources for expanded research and development of Low Energy Nuclear Reactor technology at the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center and should require the use of such technology throughout the military.

Recent experiments at SPAWAR prove LENR works – they are already engaged but lack further funding.
Daily Tech – 7 ("NAVY EXPERIMENT GIVES BOOST TO COLD FUSION", http://prorev.com/coldfusion.htm)
Navy scientists claim that slices of CR-39 plastic
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to fuel additional research in the field.

New tests show that LENR are practical and give unlimited cheap energy
Blakeslee 11 (Thomas, degree from Cal Tech, respected text book author, 3/31/11, "Low Energy Nuclear Reactions: 2.5 Million Watt-hours from a Nickel?", http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/blog/post/2011/04/low-energy-nuclear-reactions-2-5-million-watt-hours-from-a-nickel, MH)
Now, from Italy, comes the stunning news that Low Energy Nuclear Reactors (
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from disaster and significantly change our world into a cleaner, safer place.

Tournament: Bentonville Tigers Eye | Round: 3 | Opponent: FH PengWood | Judge: Jared Lareau
Text:  The United States federal government should engage in prior, binding, meaningful consultation with the local indigenous tribes of Mexico about the Millennium Village Project.  The United States federal government will implement any policy arising out of the consultation. 

Consultation is key, the Millennium Villages lack of connection with local culture, guts solvency– Africa proves.
Milburn 9-12 (September 12, 2013, Robert Milburn, Penta’s reporter, both online and for the quarterly magazine, Idealism’s Reality Check, http://blogs.barrons.com/penta/2013/09/12/idealisms-reality-check/, DPatt)
Yet, as Sachs’ interventions were implemented
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donors know about the failures as well as the successes.

Tournament: Heritage Hall | Round: 3 | Opponent: Katy Taylor AL | Judge: Tommy Snider
The United States federal government should implement a strategy of using desalination in the border regions to meet excess water needs.
Desalination can meet the water needs of Mexico
Barclay 2007
Eliza, writer,"Border Region Looks to Desalination to Counter a Parched Rio Grande," http://www.treehugger.com/corporate-responsibility/border-region-looks-to-desalination-to-counter-a-parched-rio-grande.html
We´ve noted in the past plans for new desalination plants in Australia and
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to turn brackish ground water into freshwater and ensure decades of water supply.

Tournament: North Little Rock | Round: 3 | Opponent: Cabot | Judge: Jared Larue
Text:  The United States federal government should
- Substantially increase drug treatment, prevention, and enforcement measures.
- Label the Mexican drug cartels as international terrorist organizations
- Substantially increase support for the Merida Initiative 

CP solves drug cartels and leads to US-Mexico relations
Dean et al 12(Dean et al, Final Report of the¶ Institute of Politics, Harvard Institute of Politics, “THE WAR ON MEXICAN CARTELS¶ OPTIONS FOR U.S. AND MEXICAN POLICY-MAKERS”, pg 32-34, http://www.iop.harvard.edu/sites/default/files_new/research-policy-papers/TheWarOnMexicanCartels.pdf,PS)
Despite current efforts by the United States to assist with the Mexican
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profitable for them to operate.

Tournament: Heritage Hall | Round: 2 | Opponent: Charles Page MR | Judge: Clint Clevenger
Electricity prices declining – shale gas boom makes this trend stable
SMH 13 (Sydney Morning Herald, "Shale gas lures global manufacturers to US industrial revival," 3/27/13, http://www.smh.com.au/business/world-business/shale-gas-lures-global-manufacturers-to-us-industrial-revival-20130327-2gsyu.html~~23ixzz2Oqvbip1A)//a-berg

When Wolfgang Eder and his team started
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expand existing facilities in the United States.

But, Renewables spike prices —- strongest statistics err neg
Brook 13 – Barry, ARC Future Fellow in the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Adelaide, Australia, Sir Hubert Wilkins Chair of Climate Change, Director of Climate Science at the Environment Institute and co-runs the Global Ecology Lab."Renewable Energy’s Hidden Costs?, March 23, 2013  http://theenergycollective.com/barrybrook/201991/counting-hidden-costs-energy)//a-berg
Table 1 omitted, Figure 1 included

A recent Bloomberg press release got wide coverage with its claim that wind power is
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each technology as might apply in the Australian context – see Figure 1.

That undermines manufacturing- low prices are k2 sustained growth
Baljko 13 – award-winning journalist (Jennifer, "Low-Cost Energy Tips Scales in Favor of US Manufacturing," 07/25/13, http://electronics360.globalspec.com/article/2120/low-cost-energy-tips-scales-in-favor-of-us-manufacturing)//a-berg

Everyone talks about the rising costs of doing business in China as a reason why
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have already seen in the U.S. aerospace and automotive industries."

Advanced manufacturing is k2 effective defense industrial base
O’Hanlon et al 12 (Mackenzie Eaglen, American Enterprise Institute Rebecca Grant, IRIS Research Robert P. Haffa, Haffa Defense Consulting Michael O’Hanlon, The Brookings Institution Peter W. Singer, The Brookings Institution Martin Sullivan, Commonwealth Consulting Barry Watts, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments "The Arsenal of Democracy and How to Preserve It: Key Issues in Defense Industrial Policy January 2012," pg online @ http://www.brookings.edu/~~/media/research/files/papers/2012/1/2620defense20industrial20base/0126_defense_industrial_base_ohanlon um-ef) *We do not endorse gendered or ableist language*

The current wave of defense cuts is
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United States in a globalized marketplace.

That makes war obsolete- it’s the ultimate deterrent
Paone 9 (Chuck, 66th Air Base Wing Public Affairs for the US Air Force, 8-10-09, "Technology convergence could prevent war, futurist says," http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123162500) *We do not endorse gendered or ableist language*

The convergence of "exponentially advancing
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he says, even if people don’t know it.

Specifically, its k2 deter russia and china war
Watts 2008 (Senior Fellow @ The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (Barry D, "The US Defense Industrial Base, Past, Present and Future," CBA, http://www.csbaonline.org/4Publications/PubLibrary/R.20081015._The_US_Defense_In/R.20081015._The_US_Defense_In.pdf__) *We do not endorse gendered or ableist language*

Since the 1950s, the US defense industrial base has been a source of long
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term advantage in the decades ahead as it has been since the 1950s.

Tournament: Heritage Hall | Round: 2 | Opponent: Charles Page MR | Judge: Clint Clevenger
The affirmative’s knowledge is not innocent—it’s rooted in a militant Western framework that guarantees the only discourses considered are those that justify the endless destruction of the Other.

Chow 6 (Rey Chow, PhD and Master’s in Modern Thought and Literature from Stanford University, Professor of Literature at Duke University, formerly professor at Brown and UC Irvine, "The Age of the World Target: Self-Referentiality in War, Theory, and Comparative Work", kindle, loc 525-541, IWren) 

Often under the modest and apparently innocuous agendas of fact gathering and documentation, the
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definable object"-and by "the problem of the vanishing object."55

AND, their positioning of Latin America as an object to be developed and invested in epitomizes this, ultimately rendering people as expendable commodities. 

Mignolo ’09 ~Walter D. Mignolo, William H. Wannamaker Distinguished Professor and director of the Center for Global Studies and the Humanities at Duke University, Professor of Cultural Anthropology at Duke University, The Idea of Latin America, pp. 96-99, AZhang~

The global idea of "Latin" America being deployed by imperial states today (
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end of the 1970s led to privatization and market-¶ driven state regulation.

Our alternative is to reject the affirmative’s Eurocentric relation to the indigenous and place ourselves as postcolonial intellectuals—using this position within the academy is key to transforming dominant Western representations.
-we must throw ourselves unrestrained into a politics that acknowledges the intrinsic value of indigenous cultures and fights without promise of success to preserve it
Banerjee 00 (Subhabrata Bobby Banerjee, Professor of Strategic Management and Director, Research at the International Graduate
School of Management, University of South Australia, PhD from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, "Whose land is it anyway? National interest, indigenous stakeholders, and colonial discourses", in Organization 26 Environment, vol 13 iss 1, proquest, IWren)

 One approach is to deconstruct the post by clarifying and expanding on the reminders
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we fight for the things that are important to us. -Jacqui Katona

Tournament: Cal Invitational at Berkeley | Round: Semis | Opponent: Cypress Bay HK | Judge: Priscilla Ibrahim, Julie Boettner, Zach Strother
The affirmative’s knowledge is not innocent—it’s rooted in a militant Western framework that guarantees the only discourses considered are those that justify the endless destruction of the Other.

Chow 6 (Rey Chow, PhD and Master’s in Modern Thought and Literature from Stanford University, Professor of Literature at Duke University, formerly professor at Brown and UC Irvine, "The Age of the World Target: Self-Referentiality in War, Theory, and Comparative Work", kindle, loc 525-541, IWren) 

Often under the modest and apparently innocuous agendas of fact gathering and documentation, the
AND
definable object"-and by "the problem of the vanishing object."55

AND, their positioning of Latin America as an object to be developed and invested in epitomizes this, ultimately rendering people as expendable commodities. 

Mignolo ’09 ~Walter D. Mignolo, William H. Wannamaker Distinguished Professor and director of the Center for Global Studies and the Humanities at Duke University, Professor of Cultural Anthropology at Duke University, The Idea of Latin America, pp. 96-99, AZhang~

The global idea of "Latin" America being deployed by imperial states today (
AND
end of the 1970s led to privatization and market-¶ driven state regulation.

Liberal univeralism is the velvet glove of violent Western practices—the academy is inseparable from a system that seeks to justify mass slaughter in the name of humanity

Chow 6 (Rey Chow, PhD and Master’s in Modern Thought and Literature from Stanford University, Professor of Literature at Duke University, formerly professor at Brown and UC Irvine, "The Age of the World Target: Self-Referentiality in War, Theory, and Comparative Work", kindle, loc 490-506, IWren) 

 As in the scenario of aerial bombing, the elitist and aggressive panoramic "
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targeting of the world and the "humane" practices of peacetime learning.

Our alternative is to reject the affirmative’s Eurocentric relation to the indigenous and place ourselves as postcolonial intellectuals—using this position within the academy is key to transforming dominant Western representations.
-we must throw ourselves unrestrained into a politics that acknowledges the intrinsic value of indigenous cultures and fights without promise of success to preserve it
Banerjee 00 (Subhabrata Bobby Banerjee, Professor of Strategic Management and Director, Research at the International Graduate
School of Management, University of South Australia, PhD from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, "Whose land is it anyway? National interest, indigenous stakeholders, and colonial discourses", in Organization 26 Environment, vol 13 iss 1, proquest, IWren)

 One approach is to deconstruct the post by clarifying and expanding on the reminders
AND
we fight for the things that are important to us. -Jacqui Katona

Tournament: March Madness | Round: Semis | Opponent: Rogers Heritage SW | Judge: Brandon Fletcher, Leslie Fletcher, Tim Peerbolte
The affirmative’s knowledge is not innocent—it’s rooted in a militant Western framework that guarantees the only discourses considered are those that justify the endless destruction of the Other.

Chow 6 (Rey Chow, PhD and Master’s in Modern Thought and Literature from Stanford University, Professor of Literature at Duke University, formerly professor at Brown and UC Irvine, "The Age of the World Target: Self-Referentiality in War, Theory, and Comparative Work", kindle, loc 525-541, IWren) 

Often under the modest and apparently innocuous agendas of fact gathering and documentation, the
AND
definable object"-and by "the problem of the vanishing object."55

Oil development is a Eurocentric tool used by governments to rip land from indigenous hands through the exclusion of genuine dialogue and native participation.
Stetson ’12 ~George Stetson, PhD. Colorado State University in Political Science and M.S. University of the Andes in Political Science, visiting professor of Public Policy and Administration at Boise State University, ¶ "Oil Politics and Indigenous Resistance in the Peruvian Amazon : The Rhetoric of Modernity Against the Reality of Coloniality," Journal of Environment 26 Development 21(1) 76–97, 2012, Sage, AZhang~

Finally, the recategorization of land undermines indigenous epistemological claims to the land. Indigenous
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rubber, leaving an indelible colo- nial wound on indigenous peoples still evident

Our alternative is to reject the affirmative’s Eurocentric relation to the indigenous and place ourselves as postcolonial intellectuals—using this position within the academy is key to transforming dominant Western representations.
-we must throw ourselves unrestrained into a politics that acknowledges the intrinsic value of indigenous cultures and fights without promise of success to preserve it
Banerjee 00 (Subhabrata Bobby Banerjee, Professor of Strategic Management and Director, Research at the International Graduate
School of Management, University of South Australia, PhD from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, "Whose land is it anyway? National interest, indigenous stakeholders, and colonial discourses", in Organization 26 Environment, vol 13 iss 1, proquest, IWren)

 One approach is to deconstruct the post by clarifying and expanding on the reminders
AND
we fight for the things that are important to us. -Jacqui Katona

Tournament: Woodward | Round: 5 | Opponent: Chattahoochee HK | Judge: Hanson, B
Intellectual property rights and genetic engineering are at the crux of Eurocentrism—knowledge becomes a tool of corporations to control and deny indigenous peoples their autonomy and creativity— the endpoint is extinction.
Lander ’02 Edgardo Lander, Professor of Social Sciences at the Universidad Central de Venezuela in Caracas, "Eurocentrism, Modern Knowledges, and the ’Natural’ Order of Global Capital," Kult 6 - Special Issue Epistemologies of Transformation: The Latin American Decolonial Option and its Ramifications, Fall 2009, Department of Culture and Identity, Roskilde University, p.57-60, www.postkolonial.dk/artikler/LANDER.pdf?, AZhang

Since the Eurocentric colonial assumption is that the only possible knowledge is Western university and
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intensified, totalitarian monoculture of Eurocentric knowledge only lead to destruction and death.

The positioning of Latin America as an object to be invested in relies on Cold War knowledge production that privileges "expertise" over indigenous experience, ultimately rendering populations as expendable commodities. 

Mignolo ’09 Walter D. Mignolo, William H. Wannamaker Distinguished Professor and director of the Center for Global Studies and the Humanities at Duke University. Among his recent publications are The Darker Side of the Renaissance: Literacy, Territoriality, and Colonialization (1995) and Local Histories/Global Designs: Coloniality, Subaltern Knowledges, and Border Thinking (2000). He also edited Capitalismo y geopolítica del conocimiento: La filosofía de la liberación en el debate intellectual contemporaneo (2001) and recently wrote "Rethinking the Colonial Model," in Rethinking Literary History (2001), edited by Linda Hutcheon and Mario Valdés, as well as a commentary to the English translation of José de Acosta’s book Natural and Moral History of the Indies. Professor of Cultural Anthropology at Duke University, The Idea of Latin America, pp. 96-99, AZhang

The global idea of "Latin" America being deployed by imperial states today (
AND
end of the 1970s led to privatization and market-¶ driven state regulation.

Our alternative is to reject the affirmative’s Eurocentric relation to the indigenous and place ourselves as postcolonial intellectuals—using this position within the academy is key to transforming dominant Western representations that enable oppression—we must throw ourselves unrestrained into a politics that acknowledges the intrinsic value of indigenous cultures and fights without promise of success to preserve it

Banerjee 00 (Subhabrata Bobby Banerjee, Professor of Strategic Management and Director, Research at the International Graduate
School of Management, University of South Australia, PhD from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, "Whose land is it anyway? National interest, indigenous stakeholders, and colonial discourses", in Organization 26 Environment, vol 13 iss 1, proquest, IWren)

One approach is to deconstruct the post by clarifying and expanding on the reminders of
AND
we fight for the things that are important to us. -Jacqui Katona

Tournament: Cal Invitational at Berkeley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Kent Denver CC | Judge: Sameen Karim
The affirmative’s knowledge is not innocent—it’s rooted in a militant Western framework that guarantees the only discourses considered are those that justify the endless destruction of the Other.

Chow 6 (Rey Chow, PhD and Master’s in Modern Thought and Literature from Stanford University, Professor of Literature at Duke University, formerly professor at Brown and UC Irvine, "The Age of the World Target: Self-Referentiality in War, Theory, and Comparative Work", kindle, loc 525-541, IWren) 

Often under the modest and apparently innocuous agendas of fact gathering and documentation, the
AND
definable object"-and by "the problem of the vanishing object."55

AND, their positioning of Latin America as an object to be developed and invested in epitomizes this, ultimately rendering people as expendable commodities. 

Mignolo ’09 ~Walter D. Mignolo, William H. Wannamaker Distinguished Professor and director of the Center for Global Studies and the Humanities at Duke University, Professor of Cultural Anthropology at Duke University, The Idea of Latin America, pp. 96-99, AZhang~

The global idea of "Latin" America being deployed by imperial states today (
AND
end of the 1970s led to privatization and market-¶ driven state regulation.
 

Our alternative is to reject the affirmative’s Eurocentric relation to the indigenous and place ourselves as postcolonial intellectuals—using this position within the academy is key to transforming dominant Western representations.
-we must throw ourselves unrestrained into a politics that acknowledges the intrinsic value of indigenous cultures and fights without promise of success to preserve it
Banerjee 00 (Subhabrata Bobby Banerjee, Professor of Strategic Management and Director, Research at the International Graduate
School of Management, University of South Australia, PhD from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, "Whose land is it anyway? National interest, indigenous stakeholders, and colonial discourses", in Organization 26 Environment, vol 13 iss 1, proquest, IWren)

 One approach is to deconstruct the post by clarifying and expanding on the reminders
AND
we fight for the things that are important to us. -Jacqui Katona

Tournament: Searcy Lions Classic | Round: 2 | Opponent: LRCH AP | Judge: Rosie Valdez
The affirmative’s knowledge production is not innocent—  it’s rooted in a colonial power matrix where indigenous knowledges are excluded in favor of Western rationality. This results in violent dualisms and the destruction of humanity. Only through a complete rejection of the affirmative can we reorient ourselves outside of the western rationality of the 1ac.

Lander ’02  ~Edgardo, Prof. of Sociology and Latin American studies at the Venezuelan Central University in Caracas, "Eurocentrism, Modern Knowledges, and the "Natural" Order of Global Capital, Nepantla: Views from South", 3.2, muse, AZhang~

The perspective of Eurocentric knowledge is the central axis of a discourse that not only
AND
, justifying a massive intervention to rescue it from such a pitiful condition.

Tournament: Bentonville Tigers Eye | Round: 3 | Opponent: FH PengWood | Judge: Jared Lareau
Our counter advocacy is that we should discuss and advocate the implications of the affirmative in noncompetitive forums outside of the debate round.

Discussion forums solve better than the affirmative – we should encourage community wide discussions to discuss the advocacy of the affirmative
Joseph P. Zompetti (Assistant Professor, School of Communication, Illinois State University) “PERSONALIZING DEBATING: DIVERSITY AND TOLERANCE IN THE DEBATE COMMUNITY” September 2004  Contemporary Argumentation and Debate volume 25   

Interjecting the personalized into debate rounds has
And
to personalizing debate, however, are, in my opinion, enormous. 

There are multiple net benefits to the CP:

1) Alliance Splitting
The affirmative advocacy risks splitting alliances and distorting solutions causing resistance and backlash
Joseph P. Zompetti (Assistant Professor, School of Communication, Illinois State University) “PERSONALIZING DEBATING: DIVERSITY AND TOLERANCE IN THE DEBATE COMMUNITY” September 2004  Contemporary Argumentation and Debate volume 25

The purpose of this essay is to outline
And
more important structural problems within the debate community. 

2) Ignores Structural Solutions
The shifting of the problems in the community to the specific debate rounds turns their movement solely into a means to win and ignores more structural problems within the community
Joseph P. Zompetti (Assistant Professor, School of Communication, Illinois State University) “PERSONALIZING DEBATING: DIVERSITY AND TOLERANCE IN THE DEBATE COMMUNITY” September 2004  Contemporary Argumentation and Debate volume 25

The purpose of this essay is to outline
and
important structural problems within the debate community.

3) Debate Rounds are terrible forums for discussions
The drive for competition, time constraints, multiple personal advocacies and resource disparities all make these discussions of marginalization impossible – turns the aff
Joseph P. Zompetti (Assistant Professor, School of Communication, Illinois State University) “PERSONALIZING DEBATING: DIVERSITY AND TOLERANCE IN THE DEBATE COMMUNITY” September 2004  Contemporary Argumentation and Debate volume 25

The second major problem with this turn in
And
 of more important factors such as resource disparity.

Tournament: Heritage Hall | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Edmond Santa Fe KL | Judge: Danie Masterson, Tyler Minton, Tommy Snider
Our interpretation is that the affirmative must solely defend the instrumental adoption of a plan by the United States federal to substantially increase its economic engagement tgovernment and claim advantages solely from that adoption
Ericson ’3 (Jon, Dean Emeritus, College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)

The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, each topic contains
AND
compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action that you propose. 

First, a limited topic of discussion that provides for equitable ground is key to productive inculcation of decision-making and advocacy skills in every and all facets of life—-even if their position is contestable that’s distinct from it being valuably debatable—-this still provides room for flexibility, creativity, and innovation, but targets the discussion to avoid mere statements of fact—-T debates also solve any possible turn

Steinberg 26 Freeley 8 *Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp45-

Debate is a means of settling differences, so there must be a difference of
AND
particular point of difference, which will be outlined in the following discussion.

Second, discussion of specific policy-questions is crucial for skills development—-we control uniqueness: high school students already have preconceived and ideological notions about how the world operates—-government policy discussion is vital to force engagement with and resolution of competing perspectives to improve social outcomes, however those outcomes may be defined—-and, it breaks out of traditional pedagogical frameworks by positing students as agents of decision-making
Esberg 26 Sagan 12 *Jane Esberg is special assistant to the director at New York University’s Center on. International Cooperation. She was the winner of 2009 Firestone Medal, AND Scott Sagan is a professor of political science and director of Stanford’s Center for International Security and Cooperation "NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION: Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy," 2/17 The Nonproliferation Review, 19:1, 95-108

These government or quasi-government think tank simulations often provide very similar lessons for
AND
quickly; simulations teach students how to contextualize and act on information.14

Third, Switch-side is key—-Effective deliberation is only possible in a switch-side debate – forces critical thinking and better advocacy of one’s positions
Keller et al 1 – Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago (Thomas E., James K., and Tracly K., Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago, professor of Social Work, and doctoral student School of Social Work, "Student debates in policy courses: promoting policy practice skills and knowledge through active learning," Journal of Social Work Education, Spr/Summer 2001, EBSCOhost)

SOCIAL WORKERS HAVE a professional responsibility to shape social policy and legislation (National Association
AND
yield a reevaluation and reconstruction of knowledge and beliefs pertaining to the issue.

Tournament: March Madness | Round: Semis | Opponent: Rogers Heritage SW | Judge: Brandon Fletcher, Leslie Fletcher, Tim Peerbolte

The Aff’s attempt to find oil dependency shifts our drilling to new venues, proliferating sanitizing practices that reduce the world to a standing reserve.

Kinsella ’06 ~Wiiliam, Ph.D Assistant Professor at North Carolina State University, "Heidegger and Being at the Hanford Reservation: Linking Phenomenology, Environmental Communication, and Communication Theory", http://www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/0/9/0/9/8/pages90982/p90982-1.php~~

Heidegger’s concept of projection indicates that nature is always disclosed in light of its usefulness
AND
original German text, and that Heidegger was well aware of its presence.

Such forms of technological thought only create the conditions that are the pre-requisite for nuclear wars—the consequences of such thought are more devastating than extinction
Caputo 93—professor of Humanities at Syracuse, founder of weak theology, MA from Villanova, PhD from Bryn Mawr in Philosophy (John Caputo, Demythologizing Heidegger, 1993 p. 136-141, ~Miller~)

In his essay "The Thing" Heidegger remarks upon the prospect of a
AND
to a more inward, profound, essential, authentic, ontological destruction.

Our alternative isn’t a fatalistic rejection of technology—rather rejection is a form of releasement that reorients our relationship towards technological modes of thought
Botha 02 (Catherine, Dept. of Philosophy @ Univ. of Pretoria, "Heidegger, Technology and Ecology," South African Journal of Philosophy, Vol 22, Issue 2, p. ebscohost)

Homelessness is the mood of the technological age. Rediscovering our worldly home as threatened
AND
two and a half millennia in the West has encouraged this technological servitude.

Tournament: North Little Rock | Round: 2 | Opponent: Fayetteville TB | Judge: Colton Gilbert
Prices rising now --- will remain above $100 --- best and most predictive evidence
AllAfrica News 7-30 (“High Oil Prices - Boom to Some, Doom to Others”, 2013, http://m.allafrica.com/stories/201307301218.html/, Deech)

Oil prices have remained consistently high and volatile over the past few years. According
AND
euro area seems to be easing, global demand for oil may increase.

High oil prices key to India agreeing to build Indo-Pak-Iranian pipeline
Pachauri 2k (17 August, R.K., the chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) since 2002, has been director general of TERI, a research and policy organization in India, and chancellor of TERI University. He has also been the chairman of the governing council of the National Agro Foundation (NAF), as well as the chairman of the board of Columbia University's International Research Institute for Climate and Society, “Not a pipedream: back to Iran gas pipeline option”, The Times of India, http://www.teriin.org/upfiles/pub/articles/art226.pdf, IWren)

OPEC is in the news again as the world holds its breath wondering whether output
AND
, economic reforms, and we really do not have an energy policy. 

IPI increases regional cooperation—starting point for Kashmir talks
Chaudhary 1 (Shamila N. Chaudhary, U.S. government policy adviser. Since April 2010, she has served as Pakistan Director at the National Security Council.1 Prior to that she served as a member of the Secretary of State's Policy Planning Staff and as a senior adviser to Special Representative to Afghanistan and Pakistan Richard Holbrooke, “Iran to India Natural Gas Pipeline: Implications for Conflict Resolution and Regionalism in India, Iran, and Pakistan”, http://www1.american.edu/ted/iranpipeline.htm, IWren)

As meetings amongst the three governments, oil companies, and committees persisted, the
AND
with Pakistan over the accession and/or succession of parts of Kashmir.

Kashmir war leads to extinction—comparatively most probable
Fai 1 (July 8, Ghulam Nabi Fai is the executive director of the Kashmiri American Council, “The most dangerous place”, Washington Times, Lexis, IWren)

The most dangerous place on the planet is Kashmir, a disputed territory convulsed and
AND
an inclination to ratify an impending Fissile Material/Cut-off Convention.

Tournament: Woodward | Round: 5 | Opponent: Chattahoochee HK | Judge: Hanson, B
Their framing of existence in terms of human value creates the world as standing reserve and legitimizes endless genocide – the only way to escape this cycle is to vote negative to affirm the infinite value of all forms of Being
Introna 9 – Professor of Organization, Technology and Ethics at Lancaster University
(Lucas, “Ethics and the Speaking of Things,” Theory, Culture and Society 2009 vol 26 no 4, 25-46, dml)

In the ethics of hybrids our ethical relationship with
AND
an ethos of letting-be of all beings.

Tournament: Bentonville Tigers Eye | Round: 1 | Opponent: GH LoganWilson | Judge: Lee Curry
U.S modes of economic engagement historically towards Mexico, Cuba, and Venezuela are at their heart Neoliberal, and are designed to hollow out the public institutions, squash progressive social movements, and gut the land for its resources, empirically history proves this.
Lander ‘2, (Edgardo, Prof. of Sociology and Latin American studies at the Venezuelan Central University in Caracas, “Eurocentrism, Modern Knowledges, and the “Natural” Order of Global Capital, Nepantla: Views from South”, 3.2, muse)

The perspective of Eurocentric knowledge
And
benefit of the jurisdiction imposing the requirement” (Singer and Orbuch 1997).

The impact is ecological destruction and extinction – American corporatism guts the resources of anything it can get its hands on and externalizes those that do not conform through violence.
Lander ‘2,
(Edgardo, Prof. of Sociology and Latin American studies at the Venezuelan Central University in Caracas, “Eurocentrism, Modern Knowledges, and the “Natural” Order of Global Capital, Nepantla: Views from South”, 3.2, muse)

Just as resources formerly considered to
And
knowledge only lead to destruction and death.

Our alternative is to call for a shift in social relations towards a more equal distribution of resources, the mindset shift is the only way to move away from neoliberalism.
Briscoe '12 Felicia, Professor of Education at UTSA, "Anarchist, Neoliberal, and Democratic Decision-Making: Deepening the Joy in Learning and Teaching" Education Studies, Vol. 48, Issue 1
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00131946.2011.637257#preview, xdi

A More Equal Distribution of Resources Emma
And
autonomy, authentic communication becomes impossible.

We are not a critique of capitalism but rather the hegemony of neoliberalism which places profit-motive above human well-being. Our alternative embraces a form of cooperative economics to drive an economy for the people by the people with a proven track-record of success. Our alternative empowers the strength of the many to end the stranglehold of power by the few, the 1. Our approach understand that democratizing the workplace is a prerequisite to power relations.
Stone and Bowman '11 Betsy Bowman and Bob Stone, scholar-activists and co-founders of the Center for Global Justice "Cooperativization on the Mondragón Model As Alternative to Globalizing Capitalism" 11/15 http://www.globaljusticecenter.org/2011/11/15/cooperativization-on/, xdi

Globalization has failed humanity. In the
And
to end such threats to their hegemony.

Tournament: Cal Invitational at Berkeley | Round: 5 | Opponent: Oxford JW | Judge: Connor Hayes

Movements against neoliberalism are growing, but the plan’s insistence on US-led economic cooperation reverses the momentum.

Harris 8 (Richard L Harris: Professor of Global Studies at California State University, Monterey Bay; Managing Editor of the Journal of Developing Societies (SAGE India); and Coordi¬ nating Editor of Latin American Perspectives (SAGE USA). "Latin America’s Response to Neoliberalism and Globalization," http://www.nuso.org/upload/articulos/3506_2.pdf) 

Since the 1980s, inter-American relations and the economic, political and social
AND
the region and a strong hemispheric base from which to dominate the world economy 

The creation of a guest worker program is a modern manifestation of the slave trade divised by neoliberalism. NAFTA’s neoliberal destruction of the domestic livelihood of the Mexican worker has forced migrants to escape evisceration in Mexico in trade for commodification and exploitation as a pawn of agribusiness in the U.S.

Karlin 13’ (Sept. 20, 2013, Mark Karlin  editor of BuzzFlash at Truthout.  He served as editor and publisher of BuzzFlash for ten years before joining Truthout in 2010, "Immigration Struggle: Interview with David Bacon", http://bigeducationape.blogspot.com/2013/09/neoliberalism-plays-key-role-in.html**, DPatt)
Mark Karlin: When people become economic pawns instead of looked upon as human beings
AND
required conditions. The Southern Poverty Law Center calls them close to slavery.

Neoliberalism is a logic based upon sacrificial genocide that culminates in collective suicide.  This eviscerates democracy, and ensures imperial war.

Santos 3 — Professor of Sociology at the School of Economics, director of the Center for Social Studies at the University of Coimbra, Portugal (Boaventura de Sousa, taught at Yale University, "Collective Suicide?," http://bad.eserver.org/issues/2003/63/santos.html, DS)

According to Franz Hinkelammert, the West has repeatedly been under the illusion that it
AND
human suffering imposed by the real axis of evil: neoliberalism plus war. 

The alternative is to reject the affirmative and align ourselves with indigenous solidarity against neoliberalism— this opens up a global network of alliances for popular resistance— now is key

Fenelon and Hall ’08 ~James V. Fenelon, professor of sociology at California State University, San Bernardino and Native American with a Ph.D. in Sociology from Northwestern University, and Thomas D. Hall, professor emeritus of sociology and anthropology at DePauw University, "Revitalization and Indigenous Resistance to Globalization and Neoliberalism,"American Behavioral Scientist 2008 51: 1867 p. 1893-1895, Sage, AZhang~ 

Indigenous peoples are linking up throughout the world, comparing their situations and sociopolitical relations
AND
-mitakuye o-yasin (Lakota for "We are all related")

Tournament: March Madness | Round: 2 | Opponent: Omaha TV | Judge: Colton Gilbert
Movements against neoliberalism are growing, but the plan’s insistence on US-led economic cooperation reverses the momentum.
Harris 8 (Richard L Harris: Professor of Global Studies at California State University, Monterey Bay; Managing Editor of the Journal of Developing Societies (SAGE India); and Coordi­ nating Editor of Latin American Perspectives (SAGE USA). "Latin America’s Response to Neoliberalism and Globalization," http://www.nuso.org/upload/articulos/3506_2.pdf) 

Since the 1980s, inter-American relations and the economic, political and social
AND
the region and a strong hemispheric base from which to dominate the world economy 

Neoliberalism is a logic based upon sacrificial genocide that culminates in collective suicide.  This eviscerates democracy, and ensures imperial war.
Santos 3 — Professor of Sociology at the School of Economics, director of the Center for Social Studies at the University of Coimbra, Portugal (Boaventura de Sousa, taught at Yale University, "Collective Suicide?," http://bad.eserver.org/issues/2003/63/santos.html, DS)

According to Franz Hinkelammert, the West has repeatedly been under the illusion that it
AND
human suffering imposed by the real axis of evil: neoliberalism plus war. 

The alternative is to reject the affirmative and align ourselves with indigenous solidarity against neoliberalism— this opens up a global network of alliances for popular resistance— now is key
Fenelon and Hall ’08 ~James V. Fenelon, professor of sociology at California State University, San Bernardino and Native American with a Ph.D. in Sociology from Northwestern University, and Thomas D. Hall, professor emeritus of sociology and anthropology at DePauw University, "Revitalization and Indigenous Resistance to Globalization and Neoliberalism,"American Behavioral Scientist 2008 51: 1867 p. 1893-1895, Sage, AZhang~ 

Indigenous peoples are linking up throughout the
AND
to which we will return.¶ o-mitakuye o-yasin (Lakota for "We are all related")

Tournament: Heritage Hall | Round: 5 | Opponent: Liberal Arts  Sciences SY | Judge: Christopher Thomas
The plan attempts to remake the target countries in the image of Northern development through economic engagement. Challenging the limits of neoliberalism in public spaces is key to politicize alternative strategies.
Sheppard et al., Minnesota geography professor, 2010
(Eric, "Quo vadis neoliberalism? The remaking of global capitalist governance after the Washington Consensus", Geoforum, 41.2, ScienceDirect)

We have shown that there have been marked periodic remakings of global capitalist governance from
AND
economic and cultural subordination" (Fraser, 1997, p. 28).

Bilateralism is used to create asymmetrical power relations that lock in neoliberalism
Phillips, Sheffield political economy professor, 2005
(Nicola, "U.S. Power and the Politics of Economic Governance in the Americas", Latin American Politics and Society, 47.4, December, Wiley)

What explains this prioritization of bilateral
AND
agreement of a comprehensive FTAA.

Neoliberalism is a logic based upon sacrificial genocide that culminates in collective suicide.  This eviscerates democracy, and ensures imperial war.
Santos 3 — Professor of Sociology at the School of Economics, director of the Center for Social Studies at the University of Coimbra, Portugal (Boaventura de Sousa, taught at Yale University, "Collective Suicide?," http://bad.eserver.org/issues/2003/63/santos.html, DS)

According to Franz Hinkelammert, the West
AND
axis of evil: neoliberalism plus war. 

Neoliberalism destroys the environment
KAHN 3(Richard, Ph.D. in Social Sciences and Comparative Education, Ph.D. Philosophy, Cosmology 26 Consciousness, Baccalaureate in Philosophy, Master of Arts in Liberal Arts, assistant professor at University of North Dakota Towards Ecopedagogy: Weaving a Broad-based Pedagogy of Liberation for Animals, Nature, and the Oppressed People of the Earth, Journal For Critical Animal Studies, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2003,http://www.criticalanimalstudies.org/JCAS/Journal_Articles_download/Issue_1/kahn.pdf)

To think and live historically is to be ecological, to move in a bed
AND
be noted that such family terrorism constitutes the oppression of planetary difference generally. 

Neoliberalist policies will result in the struggle for water because of the unregulatedprivatization
von-Werlhof, Professor of Women’s Studies and Political Science at the University of Innsbruck, Austria, 2008 (Claudia, "AlternativenzurneoliberalenGlobalisierung, oder: Die Globalisierung des Neoliberalismus und seine Folgen, Wien, Picus 2007." http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-consequences-of-globalization-and-neoliberal-policies-what-are-the-alternatives/7973)//JS
In the GATS, services are defined as
AND
their entire ground water reserves.

The alternative is to reject the affirmative and align ourselves with indigenous solidarity against neoliberalism— this opens up a global network of alliances for popular resistance— now is key
Fenelon and Hall ’08 ~James V. Fenelon, professor of sociology at California State University, San Bernardino and Native American with a Ph.D. in Sociology from Northwestern University, and Thomas D. Hall, professor emeritus of sociology and anthropology at DePauw University, "Revitalization and Indigenous Resistance to Globalization and Neoliberalism,"American Behavioral Scientist 2008 51: 1867 p. 1893-1895, Sage, AZhang~ 

Indigenous peoples are linking up throughout the world, comparing their situations and sociopolitical relations
AND
will return.¶ o-mitakuye o-yasin

Tournament: Cal Invitational at Berkeley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Kent Denver CC | Judge: Sameen Karim
Movements against neoliberalism are growing, but the plan’s insistence on US-led economic cooperation reverses the momentum.
Harris 8 (Richard L Harris: Professor of Global Studies at California State University, Monterey Bay; Managing Editor of the Journal of Developing Societies (SAGE India); and Coordi­ nating Editor of Latin American Perspectives (SAGE USA). "Latin America’s Response to Neoliberalism and Globalization," http://www.nuso.org/upload/articulos/3506_2.pdf) 

Since the 1980s, inter-American relations and the economic, political and social
AND
the region and a strong hemispheric base from which to dominate the world economy 

Neoliberalism is a logic based upon sacrificial genocide that culminates in collective suicide.  This eviscerates democracy, and ensures imperial war.
Santos 3 — Professor of Sociology at the School of Economics, director of the Center for Social Studies at the University of Coimbra, Portugal (Boaventura de Sousa, taught at Yale University, "Collective Suicide?," http://bad.eserver.org/issues/2003/63/santos.html, DS)

According to Franz Hinkelammert, the West has repeatedly been under the illusion that it
AND
human suffering imposed by the real axis of evil: neoliberalism plus war. 

The alternative is to reject the affirmative and align ourselves with indigenous solidarity against neoliberalism— this opens up a global network of alliances for popular resistance— now is key
Fenelon and Hall ’08 ~James V. Fenelon, professor of sociology at California State University, San Bernardino and Native American with a Ph.D. in Sociology from Northwestern University, and Thomas D. Hall, professor emeritus of sociology and anthropology at DePauw University, "Revitalization and Indigenous Resistance to Globalization and Neoliberalism,"American Behavioral Scientist 2008 51: 1867 p. 1893-1895, Sage, AZhang~ 

Indigenous peoples are linking up throughout the world, comparing their situations and sociopolitical relations
AND
-mitakuye o-yasin (Lakota for "We are all related")

Tournament: Heritage Hall | Round: 3 | Opponent: Katy Taylor AL | Judge: Tommy Snider
Financialization of energy production is a neoliberal tool to subvert communal agency—fuels inequality and unsustainable practices
Hildyard et al ’12 – *founder and Director of The Corner House, a U.K. research and advocacy group focusing on human rights, the environment, and development, co-editor of The Ecologist, co-founder of the Durban Group for Climate Justice (February, Nicholas Hildyard, Larry Lohmann and Sarah Sexton, The Corner House, "Energy Security For What?  For Whom?", http://www.thecornerhouse.org.uk/sites/thecornerhouse.org.uk/files/Energy20Security20For20Whom20For20What.pdf)

The neoliberal market-driven approach to energy policy in Europe and¶ North America
AND
whilst at the¶ same time creating new sources of conflict and insecurity.

Nuclear power is the epitome of Neoliberalism
Jacobs ’11 ~Ron Jacobs is the author of The Way the Wind Blew: A History of the Weather Underground (Verso 1997) the novel, Short Order Frame Up (Mainstay 2007) and a collection of essays titled Tripping Through the American Night. He is a frequent contributor to Counterpunch and Dissident Voice. His articles, reviews and essays have appeared in anthologies and numerous print and online journals, including Jungle World Berlin, Monthly Review, Vermont Times, Alternative Press Review and the Olympia, WA based monthly Works In Progress, "No More Nukes21" Dissident Voice, March 15th, 2011, http://dissidentvoice.org/2011/03/no-more-nukes/~~ nuke power isneoliberalism 

Nuclear power is the perfect metaphor for
AND
longer viable. The events in Japan once again make that perfectly clear.

The impact is extinction—focus on production and technology in the neoliberal frame generates crises and precludes other orientations
Holleman 2012 – assistant professor of sociology at Amherst, PhD in sociology from the University of Oregon (June, Hannah, sociology dissertation, University of Oregon, "Energy justice and foundations for a sustainable sociology of energy", https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/12419/Holleman_oregon_0171A_10410.pdf?sequence=1, WEA)

As Marilyn Waring noted twenty years ago, under this system, when there is
AND
, and waste disposal, documenting energy ¶ injustice through various theoretical lenses. 

Neoliberalism destroys the environment
KAHN 3(Richard, Ph.D. in Social Sciences and Comparative Education, Ph.D. Philosophy, Cosmology 26 Consciousness, Baccalaureate in Philosophy, Master of Arts in Liberal Arts, assistant professor at University of North Dakota Towards Ecopedagogy: Weaving a Broad-based Pedagogy of Liberation for Animals, Nature, and the Oppressed People of the Earth, Journal For Critical Animal Studies, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2003,http://www.criticalanimalstudies.org/JCAS/Journal_Articles_download/Issue_1/kahn.pdf)

To think and live historically is to be
AND
the oppression of planetary difference generally. 

Neoliberalism: creates more poverty, the elite get richer and richer at a much faster rate, which structurally increases the amount of poverty.  

Even if globally there is a decline in poverty rates that doesn’t mean that it will go away.  

Neoliberalism increases poverty, and exacerbates internal social inequality.  Prefer our evidence its specific to neoliberalism and not markets generally.  
El Kilombo Intergaláctico, actual communist collective based in Durham North Carolina. "The Fourth, the Sixth, the Other, and US" http://inthemiddleofthewhirlwind.wordpress.com/15/. 2007. , DS)

We want to talk first about a country where severe poverty has reached a three
AND
many countries into one country; it turns each country into many countries. 

Neoliberal policies hurt Mexican workers, labor mobility, and economy—precludes aff solvency
Otero 11’, Professor of Sociology at Simon Fraser University 11 (Gerardo, "Neoliberal Globalization, NAFTA, and Migration: Mexico’s Loss of Food and Labor Sovereignty", Journal of Poverty 15:4, 2011, University of Michigan Libraries)AS
This article explores the way in which the U.S. economy has faced
AND
rights will have to address its effects on migrants in the United States.

The alternative is to reject the affirmative and align ourselves with indigenous solidarity against neoliberalism— this opens up a peaceful, global network of alliances for popular resistance.
Fenelon and Hall ’08 ~James V. Fenelon, professor of sociology at California State University, San Bernardino and Native American with a Ph.D. in Sociology from Northwestern University, and Thomas D. Hall, professor emeritus of sociology and anthropology at DePauw University, "Revitalization and Indigenous Resistance to Globalization and Neoliberalism,"American Behavioral Scientist 2008 51: 1867 p. 1893-1895, Sage, AZhang~ 

Indigenous peoples are linking up throughout the world, comparing their situations and sociopolitical relations
AND
-mitakuye o-yasin (Lakota for "We are all related")

Tournament: Woodward | Round: 2 | Opponent: Johns Creek KM | Judge: Allisa Yang
Movements against neoliberalism are growing, but the plan’s insistence on US-led economic cooperation reverses the momentum.
Harris 8 (Richard L Harris: Professor of Global Studies at California State University, Monterey Bay; Managing Editor of the Journal of Developing Societies (SAGE India); and Coordi­ nating Editor of Latin American Perspectives (SAGE USA). "Latin America’s Response to Neoliberalism and Globalization," http://www.nuso.org/upload/articulos/3506_2.pdf) 

Since the 1980s, inter-American relations and the economic, political and social
AND
the region and a strong hemispheric base from which to dominate the world economy 

US economic engagement with Mexico is a vehicle for neoliberal exploitation for the entire region – the plan becomes a tool for military intervention and US security interests while strengthening its economic grip over Latin America
Jacobs 4 (Jamie Elizabeth, Assistant Prof of Polisci at West Virginia U, "Neoliberalism and Neopanamericanism: The View from Latin America,"  Latin American Politics 26 Society 46.4 (2004) 149-152, MUSE)
The advance of neoliberalism suffers no shortage of critics, both from its supporters who
AND
hegemony through the use of the advantages of the international division of labor. 

Neoliberalism is a logic based upon sacrificial genocide that culminates in collective suicide.  This eviscerates democracy, and ensures imperial war.
Santos 3 — Professor of Sociology at the School of Economics, director of the Center for Social Studies at the University of Coimbra, Portugal (Boaventura de Sousa, taught at Yale University, "Collective Suicide?," http://bad.eserver.org/issues/2003/63/santos.html, DS)

According to Franz Hinkelammert, the West has repeatedly been under the illusion that it
AND
human suffering imposed by the real axis of evil: neoliberalism plus war. 

The alternative is to reject the affirmative and align ourselves with indigenous solidarity against neoliberalism— this opens up a global network of alliances for popular resistance— now is key
Fenelon and Hall ’08 ~James V. Fenelon, professor of sociology at California State University, San Bernardino and Native American with a Ph.D. in Sociology from Northwestern University, and Thomas D. Hall, professor emeritus of sociology and anthropology at DePauw University, "Revitalization and Indigenous Resistance to Globalization and Neoliberalism,"American Behavioral Scientist 2008 51: 1867 p. 1893-1895, Sage, AZhang~ 

Indigenous peoples are linking up throughout
AND
born and to which we will return.¶ o-mitakuye o-yasin (Lakota for "We are all related")

Tournament: Bentonville Tigers Eye | Round: 3 | Opponent: FH PengWood | Judge: Jared Lareau
The Affirmative regurgitates past pain and suffering to show themselves as a moral option in an immoral world. This action is a stimulant used to mask real pain with surplus enjoyment, creating charred men where we feel but are not alive.
Zupancic 03 alenka, “The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Two,” 47-49
It might seem that the notion of the ascetic ideal,
And
motivates souls, and provides them with enjoyment

The desire to mask suffering with enjoyment is the ascetic ideal par excellence. the aff’s morals are employed to make on feel accomplished by their personal restraints.
Zupancic 03 alenka, “The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Two,” 47-49
The ascetic ideal places the Real of pleasure in enjoyment
And
which Freud recognizes the paradigm of “religious” thinking.  

Our alternative is to forget about the suffering in the 1ac. the pain cited by the 1ac is only attended to by the memory of the 1ac to further asceticism, only a break away from these memories solves.
Zupancic 03 alenka, “The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Two,” 57-60
This is perhaps the moment to examine in more
And
“closure”—the possibility of a new one.

Tournament: March Madness | Round: Semis | Opponent: Rogers Heritage SW | Judge: Brandon Fletcher, Leslie Fletcher, Tim Peerbolte
Text: Using its licensing authority and enforcement discretion, the United States Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control should exempt transactions involving offshore oil drilling from enforcement under the Cuban Assets Control Regulations. 

First, the counterplan solves via specific exemptions — OFAC has broad discretion over sanctions enforcement.
Golumbic and Ruff 13 — Court E. Golumbic, Managing Director and Global Anti
AND
729), Spring, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)

2. Ability to Mitigate Collateral Damage
Because OFAC prefers to formulate its sanctions program broadly, its economic sanctions can affect
AND
produce the desired change, rather than on innocent civilians and businesses. n353

The Net Benefit is separation of powers –

Plan kills Separation of Powers
Turner 96 (Ronald, U of Alabama, Journal of Law and Politics, Winter 96, p. 1)LA 
The increased and aggressive presidential use of executive orders can present serious constitutional questions when
AND
effectiveness but also the relative influence of a particular political party or ideology."

The impact is nuclear war
Forrester 89 (Ray, UC Hastings, George Washington Law Review, August 89)LA
On the basis of this report, the startling fact is that one man alone
AND
find the potential for world destruction lodged in the discretion of one person.

Tournament: Bentonville Tigers Eye | Round: Quarters | Opponent: FH CrispBoorojeni-Pudeh | Judge: Booterbaugh
Debt ceiling will pass but it will be close
USA Today 10/3 (Aamer Madhani, Obama hammers Boehner on shutdown, debt ceiling, 2013, http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/10/03/obama-boehner-shutdown-debt-limit/2918545/, SCB)

WASHINGTON — President Obama continued to hammer
And
representatives to make their lives easier, not harder."

Conservatives hate science coop, plan guarantees a backlash.
Shepperd, staff reporter in Mother Jones, 3/29/12 (Kate, Mother Jones, “It's Not Your Imagination: Republicans Really Don't Like Science” http://www.motherjones.com/blue-marble/2012/03/its-not-your-imagination-republicans-really-dont-science Date accessed: 7/13/13)KG
The premise of the 2005 book The Republican
And
apparent in survey data over the past three decades. 

Failure to raise the debt ceiling ensures collapse of the global economy, U.S. economic leadership, and free trade
Davidson 9/10
Adam, co-founder of NPR’s “Planet Money,” a podcast and blog, “Our Debt to Society”, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/15/magazine/our-debt-to-society.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0, CMR

If the debt ceiling isn’t lifted again
And
economy becomes riskier and costlier.

That causes nuclear war
Khalilzad ’11 Zalmay was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992, “ The Economy and National Security”, 2-8-11, http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/print/259024, CMR

Today, economic and fiscal trends
And
to make aggressive moves in their regions.

Tournament: Bentonville Tigers Eye | Round: 1 | Opponent: GH LoganWilson | Judge: Lee Curry
Russian economy is booming now—high oil prices are a critical factor:
Tatyana Lisina, 7/17/2013 (staff writer, “Russian economy becomes biggest in Europe,” http://rbth.ru/business/2013/07/17/russian_economy_becomes_biggest_in_europe_28149.html, Accessed 7/18/2013, rwg)
According to data from the World Bank, Russia's
And
and other countries, is particularly complicated.

Lifting the embargo would instigate oil trade
Telegraph ’11 (“US could lift Cuba embargo after oil discovery”, Telegraph, 5/29/2011, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/cuba/8544870/US-could-lift-Cuba-embargo-after-oil-discovery.html, JKahn)

The five decade-long United States embargo
And
ion of his next run for President. 

Oil prices key to the Russian economy
Schuman ’12 (Michael, Asia and Economics Correspondent – TIME, B.A. in Asian History and Political Science – University of Pennsylvania, M.A. in International Affairs – Columbia University, “Why Vladimir Putin Needs Higher Oil Prices”, Time, 7-5, http://business.time.com/2012/07/05/why-vladimir-putin-needs-higher-oil-prices/, Deech)
But Vladimir Putin is not one of them. The
And
resources to firm up his popularity.

Russian economic decline causes nuclear war
Filger ’9 (Sheldon, Correspondent – Huffington Post, “Russian Economy Faces Disastrous Free Fall Contraction”, http://www.globaleconomiccrisis.com/blog/archives/356)
In Russia, historically, economic health and
And
Crisis is its least dangerous consequence.

Tournament: Cal Invitational at Berkeley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Kent Denver CC | Judge: Sameen Karim
Russian economy is booming now—high oil prices are a critical factor:
Tatyana Lisina, 7/17/2013 (staff writer, "Russian economy becomes biggest in Europe," http://rbth.ru/business/2013/07/17/russian_economy_becomes_biggest_in_europe_28149.html, Accessed 7/18/2013, rwg)
According to data from the World Bank, Russia’s economy has jumped ahead of all
AND
southern Europe, which affects Germany and other countries, is particularly complicated.

Lifting the embargo would instigate oil trade— drops prices
Telegraph ’11 ("US could lift Cuba embargo after oil discovery", Telegraph, 5/29/2011, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/cuba/8544870/US-could-lift-Cuba-embargo-after-oil-discovery.html, JKahn)

The five decade-long United States embargo against Cuba could finally be lifted after
AND
move to lift it w the conclusion of his next run for President. 

Oil prices key to the Russian economy
Schuman ’12 (Michael, Asia and Economics Correspondent – TIME, B.A. in Asian History and Political Science – University of Pennsylvania, M.A. in International Affairs – Columbia University, "Why Vladimir Putin Needs Higher Oil Prices", Time, 7-5, http://business.time.com/2012/07/05/why-vladimir-putin-needs-higher-oil-prices/, Deech)
But Vladimir Putin is not one of them. The economy that the Russian President
AND
, or his ability to use government resources to firm up his popularity.

Russian economic decline causes nuclear war
Filger ’9 (Sheldon, Correspondent – Huffington Post, "Russian Economy Faces Disastrous Free Fall Contraction", http://www.globaleconomiccrisis.com/blog/archives/356)
In Russia, historically, economic health and political stability are intertwined to a degree
AND
the financial impact of the Global Economic Crisis is its least dangerous consequence.

Tournament: March Madness | Round: 2 | Opponent: Omaha TV | Judge: Colton Gilbert
Russian economy is booming now—high oil prices are a critical factor:
Tatyana Lisina, 7/17/2013 (staff writer, "Russian economy becomes biggest in Europe," http://rbth.ru/business/2013/07/17/russian_economy_becomes_biggest_in_europe_28149.html, Accessed 7/18/2013, rwg)
According to data from the World Bank,
AND
other countries, is particularly complicated.

Lifting the embargo would instigate oil trade— drops prices
Telegraph ’11 ("US could lift Cuba embargo after oil discovery", Telegraph, 5/29/2011, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/cuba/8544870/US-could-lift-Cuba-embargo-after-oil-discovery.html, JKahn)

The five decade-long United States embargo against Cuba could finally be lifted after
AND
move to lift it w the conclusion of his next run for President. 

Oil prices key to the Russian economy
Schuman ’12 (Michael, Asia and Economics Correspondent – TIME, B.A. in Asian History and Political Science – University of Pennsylvania, M.A. in International Affairs – Columbia University, "Why Vladimir Putin Needs Higher Oil Prices", Time, 7-5, http://business.time.com/2012/07/05/why-vladimir-putin-needs-higher-oil-prices/, Deech)
But Vladimir Putin is not one of them. The economy that the Russian President
AND
, or his ability to use government resources to firm up his popularity.

Russian economic decline causes nuclear war
Filger ’9 (Sheldon, Correspondent – Huffington Post, "Russian Economy Faces Disastrous Free Fall Contraction", http://www.globaleconomiccrisis.com/blog/archives/356)
In Russia, historically, economic health and political stability are intertwined to a degree
AND
the financial impact of the Global Economic Crisis is its least dangerous consequence.

Tournament: Cal Invitational at Berkeley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Leland SM | Judge: Hannah McElroy
Same

Tournament: Cal Invitational at Berkeley | Round: Quarters | Opponent: College Prep HX | Judge: Daniel Feldman, Hugo Alvarez, Zach Strother
The only way to challenge the dominant order is to trigger a symbolic trap to render the system incapable of responding without losing face. All responses signal nothing more than impotence in the face of symbolic violence. Our action is the only way to be political, to rupture dominant political forces.  
Baudrillard 76 ~Jean, brilliant French philosopher, professor of sociology and philosophy at Université de Paris-IX Dauphine, Symbolic Exchange and Death, p. 36-38~
We will not destroy the system by a direct, dialectical revolution of the economic
AND
forbidden it, the only violence it cannot exert: its own death.

Tournament: Searcy Lions Classic | Round: 2 | Opponent: LRCH AP | Judge: Rosie Valdez
The only way to challenge the dominant order is to trigger a symbolic trap to render the system incapable of responding without losing face. All responses signal nothing more than impotence in the face of symbolic violence. Our action is the only way to be political, to rupture dominant political forces.  
Baudrillard 76 ~Jean, brilliant French philosopher, professor of sociology and philosophy at Université de Paris-IX Dauphine, Symbolic Exchange and Death, p. 36-38~
We will not destroy the system by a direct, dialectical revolution of the economic
AND
forbidden it, the only violence it cannot exert: its own death.

Tournament: March Madness | Round: 2 | Opponent: Omaha TV | Judge: Colton Gilbert
The affirmative’s representation of international actors is inaccurate and causes action-reaction cycles, which are the root of violence and make extinction inevitable.
Der Derian 98 (James, Professor of Political Science – University of Massachusetts, On Security, Ed. Lipschutz, p. 24-25)

No other concept in international relations packs the metaphysical punch, nor commands the disciplinary
AND
on the otherness of death, and identities calcifying into a fearful sameness. 

Vote negative to reject their dominant framing. A renewed focus on the epistemological, discursive, and representational security lens is a prerequisite to effective policy solutions
Bruce ’96
(Robert, Associate Professor in Social Science – Curtin University and Graeme Cheeseman, Senior Lecturer – University of New South Wales, Discourses of Danger and Dread Frontiers, p. 5-9)

This goal is pursued in ways which are still unconventional in the intellectual milieu of
AND
resistant to them, or choose not to understand them, and why?

Tournament: Searcy Lions Classic | Round: 2 | Opponent: LRCH AP | Judge: Rosie Valdez
The affirmative’s representation of international actors is inaccurate and causes action-reaction cycles, which are the root of violence and make extinction inevitable. Vote negative to reject their dominant framing.
Der Derian 98 (James, Professor of Political Science – University of Massachusetts, On Security, Ed. Lipschutz, p. 24-25)

No other concept in international relations packs the metaphysical punch, nor commands the disciplinary
AND
on the otherness of death, and identities calcifying into a fearful sameness.

Tournament: Cal Invitational at Berkeley | Round: Semis | Opponent: Cypress Bay HK | Judge: Priscilla Ibrahim, Julie Boettner, Zach Strother

Advocacy: Dean and I ask you to imagine a world in which we cooperatively increase its investment in Mexican American Study programs in public education.

By locating their imagination in the state, the 1ac relocates violence outside of the self.  The end point is stasis and atrocity.  
KAPPELER 95’ ~Susanne Kappeler, The Will To Violence: The Politics of Personal Behavior, pg 1-4~
What is striking is that the violence which is talked about is always the violence
AND
is am unmistakable signal to society that racist violence does indeed ’pay off’.

Uncritical Deployment of the word "Government" Invests Power in a Symbol of Coercion – This Threatens Survival.
Mann, 97. (Frederick Mann, Founder of Terra Libra, BA in Communications @ Sanford U.  "Why You Must Recognize and Understand Coercion" On-line. ~KevC~) 

Levels Of Coercion  In its strongest form, coercion involves killing another. Next comes
AND
support from coercers - the means for doing this is called Freedom Technology.

THEIR FAITH IN POLITICS LIES ALL TOO COMFORTABLY IN THE HANDS OF THE STATE. THE QUESTION ISN’T WHETHER THE POLICY WILL GET ENACTED, BUT RATHER HOW DO WE GET THERE. WE SHOULD TAKE THIS MOMENT IN DEBATE TO REFLECT ON OUR SUBJECT-POSITION, INTERROGATE THE DURABLE NATURE OF THEIR POLICY AND CHALLENGE HANDING MOVEMENTS OVER TO FIAT WITHOUT LETTING THEM TAKE FORM. THE PLAN WILL BE IMPLEMENTED, YES, BUT NOT BY THEIR GOOD INTENTIONS—RATHER BY THE POLICE AND PETTY BUREAUCRATS OF SOCIAL CONTROL TO CREATE A MORE INSIDIOUS FORM OF DIVISION AND DEPOLITICIZATION.
Foucault, Chair in the History of Systems of Thought at the College de France, 1975 ~Michel, Discipline 26 Punish: The Birth of the Prison, p. 221-228~

2. The panoptic modality of power — at the elementary, technical, merely
AND
resemble factories, schools, barracks, hospitals, which all resemble prisons?

Tournament: Heritage Hall | Round: 2 | Opponent: Charles Page MR | Judge: Clint Clevenger
Engagement is the attempt to influence the political behavior of a state by increasing contacts with that state – economic engagement means using exclusively economic contacts like trade, loans and grants
Resnik, 1 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University (Evan, Journal of International Affairs, "Defining Engagement" v54, n2, political science complete)

A REFINED DEFINITION OF ENGAGEMENT¶ In order to establish a more effective framework for
AND
be shown below, permits the elucidation of multiple types of positive sanctions.

Tournament: Cal Invitational at Berkeley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Kent Denver CC | Judge: Sameen Karim
"Engagement" requires direct talks with the target government
Crocker 9 – Chester Crocker, Professor of Strategic Studies at the Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, Former Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, "Terms of Engagement", New York Times, 9-13, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/14/opinion/14crocker.html?_r=0

PRESIDENT OBAMA will have a hard time achieving his foreign policy goals until he masters
AND
realistic options and, hence, to modify its policies and its behavior.

Tournament: March Madness | Round: 2 | Opponent: Omaha TV | Judge: Colton Gilbert
Interpretation - Engagement is the attempt to influence the political behavior of a state by increasing contacts with that state – economic engagement means using exclusively economic contacts like trade, loans and grants
Resnik, 1 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University (Evan, Journal of International Affairs, "Defining Engagement" v54, n2, political science complete)

A REFINED DEFINITION OF ENGAGEMENT¶ In order to establish a more effective framework for
AND
be shown below, permits the elucidation of multiple types of positive sanctions.

Tournament: Woodward | Round: 5 | Opponent: Chattahoochee HK | Judge: Hanson, B
Interpretation - Engagement is the attempt to influence the political behavior of a state by increasing contacts with that state – economic engagement means using exclusively economic contacts like trade, loans and grants
Resnik, 1 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University (Evan, Journal of International Affairs, "Defining Engagement" v54, n2, political science complete)

A REFINED DEFINITION OF ENGAGEMENT¶ In order to establish a more effective framework for
AND
be shown below, permits the elucidation of multiple types of positive sanctions.

Tournament: Cal Invitational at Berkeley | Round: Quarters | Opponent: College Prep HX | Judge: Daniel Feldman, Hugo Alvarez, Zach Strother
Interpretation - Engagement is the attempt to influence the political behavior of a state by increasing contacts with that state – economic engagement means using exclusively economic contacts like trade, loans and grants
Resnik, 1 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University (Evan, Journal of International Affairs, "Defining Engagement" v54, n2, political science complete)

A REFINED DEFINITION OF ENGAGEMENT¶ In order to establish a more effective framework for
AND
be shown below, permits the elucidation of multiple types of positive sanctions.

Tournament: Cal Invitational at Berkeley | Round: Semis | Opponent: Cypress Bay HK | Judge: Priscilla Ibrahim, Julie Boettner, Zach Strother
Interpretation - Engagement is the attempt to influence the political behavior of a state by increasing contacts with that state – economic engagement means using exclusively economic contacts like trade, loans and grants
Resnik, 1 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University (Evan, Journal of International Affairs, "Defining Engagement" v54, n2, political science complete)

A REFINED DEFINITION OF ENGAGEMENT¶ In order to establish a more effective framework for
AND
be shown below, permits the elucidation of multiple types of positive sanctions.

Tournament: Cal Invitational at Berkeley | Round: 5 | Opponent: Oxford JW | Judge: Connor Hayes
Interpretation - Engagement is the attempt to influence the political behavior of a state by increasing contacts with that state – economic engagement means using exclusively economic contacts like trade, loans and grants
Resnik, 1 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University (Evan, Journal of International Affairs, "Defining Engagement" v54, n2, political science complete)

A REFINED DEFINITION OF ENGAGEMENT¶ In order to establish a more effective framework for
AND
be shown below, permits the elucidation of multiple types of positive sanctions.

Tournament: March Madness | Round: Semis | Opponent: Rogers Heritage SW | Judge: Brandon Fletcher, Leslie Fletcher, Tim Peerbolte
Interpretation - Economic engagement requires the government to expand bilateral economic ties
Kahler, 6 - Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, University of California, San Diego (M., "Strategic Uses of Economic Interdependence: Engagement Policies on the Korean Peninsula and Across the Taiwan Strait" in Journal of Peace Research (2006), 43:5, p. 523-541, Sage Publications)

Economic engagement - a policy of deliberately expanding economic ties with an adversary in order
AND
great power politics and that it may be more widespread than previously recognized.

’Its’ is a possessive pronoun showing ownership- govt. has to be the one engaging
GEGT, 5  
(http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/possessive-pronoun.html)
Mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs are the possessive pronouns used to substitute a noun and to show possession or ownership. EG. This is your disk and that’s mine. (Mine substitutes the word disk and shows that it belongs to me.)

Economic engagement must be through the government – private sector is distinct
Vickery, 11 – former Assistant Secretary of Commere for Trade and Development in the Clinton Administration and former Public Policy Scholar at the Woodrow Wilson Center  (David, The Eagle and the Elephant: Strategic Aspects of U.S.-India Economic Engagement, p. 13-14)

In preparing to set up the Advocacy Center, I was challenged by members of
AND
hope to match the aggregate economic resources and impact of the private sector.

Tournament: Bentonville Tigers Eye | Round: 3 | Opponent: FH PengWood | Judge: Jared Lareau
Interpretation - Engagement requires DIRECT talks – means both governments must be involved
Crocker ‘9 9/13/09, Chester A. Crocker is a professor of strategic studies at the Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, was an assistant secretary of state for African affairs from 1981 to 1989. “Terms of Engagement,” http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/14/opinion/14crocker.html?_r=1and

PRESIDENT OBAMA will have a hard time
And
 to modify its policies and its behavior.

Tournament: Heritage Hall | Round: 3 | Opponent: Katy Taylor AL | Judge: Tommy Snider
Economic engagement is long-term strategy for promoting structural linkage between two economies
Mastanduno, 1 – professor of Government at Dartmouth College (Michael, "Economic Engagement Strategies: Theory and Practice" http://web.archive.org/web/20120906033646/http://polisci.osu.edu/faculty/bpollins/book/Mastanduno.pdf

The basic causal logic of economic engagement, and the emphasis on domestic politics,
AND
chain runs from economic interdependence through domestic political change to foreign policy accommodation.

the plan is an economic inducement – engagement requires trade promotion
Celik, 11 – master’s student at Uppsala University (Department of Peace and Conflict Research) (Arda, Economic Sanctions and Engagement Policies http://www.grin.com/en/e-book/175204/economic-sanctions-and-engagement-policies)

Literature of liberal school points out that economic engagement policies are significantly effective tools for
AND
believes in that economic linkages have political transformation potential.(Kroll,1993)

Tournament: Woodward | Round: 2 | Opponent: Johns Creek KM | Judge: Allisa Yang
"Engagement" requires direct talks with the target government
Crocker 9 – Chester Crocker, Professor of Strategic Studies at the Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, Former Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, "Terms of Engagement", New York Times, 9-13, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/14/opinion/14crocker.html?_r=0

PRESIDENT OBAMA will have a hard time achieving his foreign policy goals until he masters
AND
realistic options and, hence, to modify its policies and its behavior

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Kent Denver CC | Judge: Karim Sameem
“Engagement” requires direct talks with the target government
Crocker 9 – Chester Crocker, Professor of Strategic Studies at the Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, Former Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, “Terms of Engagement”, New York Times, 9-13, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/14/opinion/14crocker.html?_r=0

PRESIDENT OBAMA will have ... and its behavior.

Tournament: Cal Invitational at Berkeley | Round: Quarters | Opponent: College Prep HX | Judge: Daniel Feldman, Hugo Alvarez, Zach Strother
Text: the United States federal government should add every country to the list of countries governed by Section 6(j) of the Export Administration Act, section 40 of the Arms Export Control Act, and section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act. The United States federal government should cease current and ban future projects of regime change, economic sanctions, military base expansion, military occupation, military assistance for strategic partners, isolation of disapproved political movements, and counterterrorism operations to countries governed by Section 6(j) of the Export Administration Act.

Counterplan solves – the aff takes Cuba off the list of state sponsors of terrorism, the counterplan adds every country to the list of state sponsors of terrorism but says being on the list of state sponsors of terrorism prevents the US from being able to militarily or coercively intervene in that country’s affairs. Your author concludes the only reason the list is problematic is it allows neoconservative approaches towards those countries, but we solve that better
Jackson 7 - Professor in International Politics at Aberystwyth University (Richard, "Critical reflection on counter-sanctuary discourse", In: M. Innes, ed. Denial of sanctuary: understanding terrorist safe havens, p. 30-33) RGP
A related problem for the "terrorist sanctuaries" discourse is that it has always
AND
approaches to terrorism and the ongoing problem of civilian-directed state terror.

Tournament: Bentonville Tigers Eye | Round: 3 | Opponent: FH PengWood | Judge: Jared Lareau
Interpretation:  Predictive policy-making requires quantitative evidence—As well as analysis of everyday experiences to account for interlocking processes of knowledge and power 

Broad social science theories are unreliable—new research methodologies are necessary
Davies 04 Phillip Davies, PhD and Government Chief Social Researcher’s Office - Prime Minister’s Strategy Unit (UK), “Is Evidence-Based Government Possible?”, Jerry Lee Lecture at the Campbell Collaboration Colloquium, IWren

Proponents of evidence-based policy and practice acknowledge
And
new sound research evidence can be established. 

Reject their data— studies on the benefits of Millennium Villages are statistically flawed and lack transparency.
Nature ’12 Nature Journal, “With transparency comes trust,” Nature 485, 147 (10 May 2012) doi:10.1038/485147a¶ Published online 09 May 2012, http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v485/n7397/full/485147a.html, AZhang

But prominent international development researchers
And
data available to independent researchers.

Vote neg on presumption—Relying on flawed knowledge-gathering methodology leads to error replication and turns the aff
Davies 04 Phillip Davies, PhD and Government Chief Social Researcher’s Office - Prime Minister’s Strategy Unit (UK), “Is Evidence-Based Government Possible?”, Jerry Lee Lecture at the Campbell Collaboration Colloquium, IWren 

 It is sometimes argued that the tight timetables
And
the Foot and Mouth crisis (Royal Society, 2002).

Tournament: Searcy Lions Classic | Round: 2 | Opponent: LRCH AP | Judge: Rosie Valdez
The affirmative’s representation of international actors is inaccurate and causes action-reaction cycles, which are the root of violence and make extinction inevitable. Vote negative to reject their dominant framing.
Der Derian 98 (James, Professor of Political Science – University of Massachusetts, On Security, Ed. Lipschutz, p. 24-25)

a. the 1ac speech act orients itself towards pain and death as knowable metaphysical truths
Gianni Vattimo, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Turin "Nihilism and Emancipation" trans. William McCuaig 2004 pg. 74-75

The "flaw" in metaphysics seen from a Heideggerian perspec¬tive is the idea that
AND
belief, proba¬bly mistaken, that in so doing he was critiquing Heidegger.) 

b. reject the affirmative claims of absolute universal truth— otherwise extinction is inevitable
Gianni Vattimo, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Turin "Nihilism and Emancipation" trans. William McCuaig 2004 pg. 55-56

If we do not want—as indeed we cannot, except at the risk
AND
the person who thinks she can and should preach final and definitive truth.

Tournament: Searcy Lions Classic | Round: 2 | Opponent: LRCH AP | Judge: Rosie Valdez

The imagination of state ethics and the institutionalization of reform and universality of ethics reentrenches anti-blackness and shields the destruction of the black body.

Wilderson 03’, award-winning author of Incognegro: A Memoir of Exile and Apartheid. He is one of two Americans to hold elected office in the African National Congress and is a former insurgent in the ANC’s armed wing, 2003 (Frank B. III "Introduction: Unspeakable Ethics" Red, White, 26 Black: Cinema and the Strucure of U.S. Antagonisms, Pg 15-16) GG 
Regarding the Black position, some might ask why, after claims successfully made on
AND
occur? The woman at the gates of Columbia University awaits an answer.

The black body has no ontological resistance. Structured by the machinations of civil society those in the non-human positionality are relegated to the outside of the periphery

Wilderson 10’, award-winning author of Incognegro: A Memoir of Exile and Apartheid. He is one of two Americans to hold elected office in the African National Congress and is a former insurgent in the ANC’s armed wing, 2010  (Frank B. III "Chapter One: The Ruse of Analogy" Red, White, 26 Black: Cinema and the Structure of U.S. Antagonisms,) GG
Two tensions are at work here. One
AND
Andile Mngxitama, Prishani Naidoo, John Shai, and S’bu Zulu

The alternative is to reject the 1ac’s endorsement of political reform and perform a psychological reorientation of the role of the Black Body within the political as a means to revolution.

Kamau 13’ (August 14, 2013, Mwariama Kamau, revolutionary Garveyis author, "The Transformative Power of Garveyism", http://www.africanexecutive.com/modules/magazine/articles.php?article=7377**, Dpatt)
The philosophy and program of the Honorable Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association
AND
you need to elevate your thinking beyond all acquired inhibitions and imposed limitations.

Tournament: Bentonville Tigers Eye | Round: Quarters | Opponent: FH CrispBoorojeni-Pudeh | Judge: Booterbaugh
Text: The president of the United States should issue an executive order to do the plan

The CP solves
Hsu 12 (David T. Hsu - Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Pennsylvania’s Browne Center for International Politics, “Executive Discretion, Domestic Constraints, and Patterns of Post-9/11 U.S. Foreign Economic Policy”, September 2012, Pg 6, http://davidthsu.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/hsu-patterns-of-post911-us-foreign-economic-policy-september-2012.pdf) MaxL
The specific empirical puzzle, how
And
motivations for manipulating foreign economic policies.

Executive orders increase presidential power
Risen 4 Clay, Managing editor of Democracy: A Journal of Ideas, M.A. from the University of Chicago “The Power of the Pen: The Not-So-Secret Weapon of Congress-wary Presidents” The American Prospect, July 16, http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=the_power_of_the_pen

In the modern era, executive orders have
And
rights to labor relations to reproductive health. 

Presidential Powers are good

Laundry List- Prez powers are k2 solve global wars and extinction  
South China Morning Post 2K (South China Morning Post, 12/11/2000, ProQuest | JJ) MODIFIED FOR GENDERED LANGUAGE
A weak president with an unclear
And
will be in a position to do so.