Tournament: Searcy Lions Classic | Round: 3 | Opponent: LRCH CS | Judge: Mccalister

1AC

We begin with the story of Prudenica Martin Gomez, an immigrant who died while attempting to cross the US-Mexico border - a sacrifice of the homo sacri to the metaphysical entity that is border control.

Doty 11’ ~Roxanne Lynn, Published April 12, 2011. "Bare life: border-crossing deaths and spaces of moral alibi." Page 601-602. http://www.envplan.com/openaccess/d3110.pdf. RH~
On Friday, 6 July 2007, volunteers with two local humanitarian groups in Tucson
AND
you must be able to kill’’ (2003, pages 254 ^ 255).

Her story is not an isolated instance, but a instance in the grand narrative of U.S border policy. The US-Mexico border must be understood as a ’heterotopia’ rather than a ’topia,’ No longer only geographical, the border is a state of exception, a battleground of unfettered ontological warfare that homogenizes populations into psychological invisibility and the immigrant is transformed into the "illegal alien" simultaneously transcending into bare life.

Morales 95’ (Alejandro, Professor of Chicano/Latino Studies at the University of California, Irvine, "Dynamic identities in heterotopia," Bilingual Review, Sepember-December, Vol. 20 Issue 3, http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=ffbe01ad-af3b-4bcb-8330** 6b3827271a3f40sessionmgr11426vid=126hid=12226bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl~23db=aph26AN=9610220106.)
¶ Davis’s description alludes to a new meaning of urbanism in a border region.
AND
fixed, that nothing is certain in the Southwestern heterotopia border zone. biopower

We internalize the ideals of border-thinking—the disciplinary capacities of border security reach into the very core of human being and reduce life to mere calculability.

Ajana 05’ ~Btihaj, 2005 "Surveillance and Biopolitics," Electronic Journal of Sociology. RH~
Subtle, internalised, and smooth (but not all too smooth) as it
AND
basis for the exercising and fixing of identity and citizenship at the border.

These forms of biopower transform power relationships into relationships of violence and therefore shut off the possibility of resistance.  These forms of absolute dehumanization perpetrated by bare life extends into contemporary politics.

Edkins and Pin-Fat, 05 (Jenny Edkins is Professor of International Politics at the University of Wales Aberystwyth, and Véronique Pin-Fat is Lecturer in International Relations in the Centre for International Politics at the University of Manchester, "Through the Wire: Relations of Power and Relations of Violence", Millennium - Journal of International Studies 2005 34: 1, 8/1/05, rm)
In this section, we suggest that when the insights of Foucault and Agamben are
AND
power relations irrelevant, we have all become homines sacri or bare life.

And these forms of bare life close off the political, we must foster openess in otherwise administered spaces for the radicali depoliticization of existence.
Duarte, 06 (Andre De Macedo Duarte, Professor of Philosophy at Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, "Biopolitics and the dissemination of violence: the Arendtian critique of the present," http://works.bepress.com/andre_duarte/18, rm) (Gendered Language is not endorsed)
Our ’common sense’ understanding of politics as the administrative promotion of abundance and the
AND
actions of acknowledging and welcoming, of extending hospitality and solidarity towards others. 

Furthermore, this liminal zone of the borders was constructed on the ethnic aestheticism of the United States. Only through an externalization of the other could the American identity be structured. The borderlands become the ontological barrier protecting the American from the barbarious invaders that attempt to enter our country from the south.

Dudziak 26 Volpp 5 (Mary L. Dudziak is the Judge Edward J. and Ruey L. Guirado Professor of Law, History, and Political Science at the USC, and a visiting professor of law at Harvard Law School. Leti Volpp professor of law -UC Berkeley) American Quarterly (57.3 593-610 ))
The shackled foot on the back cover of this volume, belonging to a woman
AND
, made and remade through daily vulnerabilities that render one not a citizen. 

These forms of border thinking necessitate a reflexive surveillance state where the body politic must systematically purge itself of all racial impurity in order to function smoothly.
Salter 04’ (Mark B., School of Political Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, "Passports, Mobility, and Security: How smart can the border be?" http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1528-3577.2004.00158.x/full - oliver g)
At the border, all visitors, including Americans, have a greatly circumscribed set
AND
surveillance regime, in which every citizen is both watched and a watcher.

This grounding for border exclusion proliferates a system of state sponsored racism which justifies ethnic cleansings, genocide, and crimes against humanity and social reactionism at home, only by addressing the root faults of the systemic practices can we overcome these instilled justifications, and it is your ethical duty to reject it in all instances
Muigai 2010 (Mr. Muigai is a lawyer specialized in international human rights law. He was appointed by the Human Rights Council as a Special Rapporteur – reporting to that body as an unpaid, independent expert – beginning August 2008. http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=36633~~23.Uc3UPz6DR7M)
Racism and xenophobia still ravage contemporary society and no state is immune to their effects
AND
negative stereotyping of religions, their followers, sacred persons, and symbols.

We are proposing 1AC as a site for rethinking prevailing notions of territoriality and carving space for future inquiry. The question should not be whether the US-Mexico border is good or bad, but whether a specific conceptualization of the border is constructive or destructive in the context of global justice.

Agnew 2008 (John, Department of Geography, UCLA, Los Angeles, "Borders on the mind: re-framing border thinking," Ethics 26 Global Politics 1, no. 4, http://ethicsandglobalpolitics.net/index.php/egp/article/view/1892/1985 - oliver g)
In my view, borders have always been more equivocal practically and ethically in their
AND
even as we work to enhance their positive and limit their negative effects.

Thus: Dean and I advocate an eradication of the U.S-Mexican border.

Our critique is both the essence of, and a prerequisite to, the resolution. Securitized statecraft rooted in biopolitical sentiments, regulating the borderland can never fully reconcile with meaningful economic engagement. By highlighting fissures of the dominant interpretation of the topic, we undermine prevailing systems of knowledge and allow for a better form of politics that accounts for uncertainty, accidents, and the unique circumstances of the border region

Matthew 5’ (Matthew, Ph.D, UCLA Department of Geography, "U.S. statecraft and the U.S.–Mexico border as security/economy nexus," Political Geography 24 185-209, 2005, DPatt)
Post-september II border policing measures are certainly part and parcel of an intensified
AND
than as a coherent sovereign "script" (O Tuathail, 2002).

Opposing controls on human migration are the ultimate test of radical politics — only the abolition of borders can become a starting point for a broader struggle against racism

NOII ’10 (2010, No One Is Illegal, British anti immigration-controls group, http://www.noii.org.uk/)**
According to the media and parliamentarians, immigration controls are basic, god-given
AND
all controls. However at the same time it argues that such a demand 

Embracing the imaginary despite political impossibility is desirable – the alternative is to legitimize deep unjustice though the judging space

Carens 13’ (Joseph H. Carens 2013 Prof of Political Science of the University of Toronto        p://www.law.nyu.edu/ecm_dlv2/groups/public/@nyu_law_website__academics__colloquia__legal_political_and_social_philosophy/documents/documents/ecm_pro_069497.pdf The Ethics of Immigration
Chapter 10 The Case for Open Borders (Book forthcoming – Jan 2014) 
Why make an argument that we should open our borders when there is no chance
AND
fundamental character. Otherwise we wind up legitimating what should only be endured.

And, contextualizing this method to the US-Mexico Border is uniquely important.

Mendoza, 08’ (Elva Fabiola Orozco, Master of Arts in Political Science, Borderlands Theory: Producing Border Epistemologies with Gloria Anzaldua, April 24, 2008, http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05062008-175949/unrestricted/Final_thesis_corrected.pdf)**
This thesis is an attempt to understand better the relations of power and resistance between
AND
free from traditional paradigms of class, race, gender, and sexuality.

Tournament: Contact | Round: 1 | Opponent: na | Judge: na
jsutter77@gmail.com

Tournament: Bentonville Tigers Eye | Round: 2 | Opponent: FS Hamilton | Judge: Joe Kieklak
Contention 1 is Relations

The U.S. is trying to rebuild US-Latin American relations but the U.S. focus on Cuban regime change prevents genuine improvement
CDA, 13 - Center for Democracy in the Americas (“News Flash? Has the Administration rediscovered Latin America?” 6/7, http://www.democracyinamericas.org/blog-post/news-flash-has-the-administration-rediscovered-latin-america/)

Today, as we put cursor-to-screen,
And
low-probability “regime change” solution for Cuba.¶ 

The plan sends a clear signal to improve Latin American relations and reinvigorate the OAS
White, 13-Senior fellow at the Center for International Policy and former U.S. ambassador to Paraguay and El Salvador (Robert, “After Chávez, a Chance to Rethink Relations With Cuba”, New York Times, 3/7/13, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/08/opinion/after-chavez-hope-for-good-neighbors-in-latin-america.html?pagewanted=all)//TL

FOR most of our history, the United States
And
would be reduced to a historical footnote.

Current Cuba policy wrecks OAS credibility – regional coalitions overtake it
Reuters 12 (Brian Ellsworth, “Despite Obama charm, Americas summit boosts U.S. isolation,” 4/16/12, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/16/us-americas-summit-obama-idUSBRE83F0UD20120416)//SJF

(Reuters) - President Barack Obama sat patiently
and
at the Washington Office on Latin America

Cyber-attack coming in the Western Hemisphere – OAS legitimacy is key to coordination
Caribbean News Now 6/25 (“OAS launches cyber security crisis management exercise,” 6/25/13, http://www.caribbeannewsnow.com/headline-OAS-launches-cyber-security-crisis-management-exercise-16500.html)//SJF

WASHINGTON, USA -- The assistant secretary general
And
others. The event will conclude on Tuesday.

Cyberattacks cause extinction
Andreasen 6/14 – national security consultant to the Nuclear Threat Initiative and its Nuclear Security Project (Steve, “Cyberwar’s Threat Does Not Justify a New Policy of Nuclear Deterrence,” 6/14/13, http://www.nti.org/analysis/opinions/cyberwars-threat-does-not-justify-new-policy-nuclear-deterrence/)//SJF

President Obama is expected to unveil
And
including agreements related to limiting cyberwar.

Thus the plan, The United States Federal Government should substantially ease the economic blockade on Cuba. We claim the right to fiat and to clarify.

Contention 2 is Agriculture

The collapse of global agriculture is inevitable – a multitude of reasons mean a new ag model is key to sustainability
Peters, 10 –  LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)
The U.S. agricultural system is becoming
and
will help to ensure food security.

Cuba’s model of urban agriculture is a sustainable alternative
Peters, 10 –  LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)
While urban agriculture was a response to a
And
negatively impacting the environment or society.

The plan jumpstarts US investment in Cuban organoponics – causing a widespread global urban agricultural revolution
Shkolnick, 12 - J.D. Candidate, Drake University Law School (Jacob, “SIN EMBARGO: n1 THE CUBAN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR THE UNITED STATES” 17 Drake J. Agric. L. 683, Fall, lexis)
 VI. New Opportunities While investment in
And
for urban agriculture to flourish.

This prevents the collapse of US agriculture and extinction
Peters, 10 –  LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)
 An adequate food supply is essential
And
an adequate supply of fresh, nutritious food.

Access to the US export market is key to the viability of the Cuban model
Kost, 4 – agricultural economist, Specialty Crops Branch, Economic Research. Service, US Department of Agriculture (William, “CUBAN AGRICULTURE: TO BE OR NOT TO BE ORGANIC?”
http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume14/pdfs/kost.pdf)
¶ In addition to the above European markets
And
approaches are just not available.

Industrial ag dependence encourages bioterrorism, attacks on oil supply, and resource wars
Peters, 10 –  LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)

In order to be capable of sustaining
And
healthy food is available to all U.S. residents. 

The plan boosts the Cuban sugar ethanol industry which will displace U.S. corn ethanol
Holmes, 10– B.A. from Georgetown, Master’s Thesis (Michael G., June 21, 2010, “Seizing the Moment”, https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/553334/holmesMichael.pdf?sequence=1, pg. 74-78)NG
Creating a new market for U.S. goods and
And
ease and volume of ethanol production.

The plan’s reform plank spurs greater investment in Cuban sugar ethanol
Soligo and Jaffe, 10– Rice Scholar at the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University AND Wallace S. Wilson Fellow in Energy Studies at Rice University (Ronald AND Amy Myers, Cuba's Energy Future Strategic Approaches to Cooperation, p. )NG

The Structure of an Ethanol Industry
And
and could lead to income inequalities.  

High corn ethanol demand will deplete the Ogallala Aquifer
Specht, 13 – Legal Advisor, Pearlmaker Holsteins, Inc., B.A., LSU (Jonathan, “Raising Cane: Cuban Sugarcane Ethanol’s Economic and Environmental Effects on the United States”, UC Davis, 4-24-13, http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/36/2/specht.pdf)//NG

 In addition to habitat destruction, water
And
 domestic corn-based ethanol industry. 

Threatens peak water which leads to food shortage and water wars
Brown ’13- president of the Earth Policy Institute and author of Full Planet, Empty Plates: The New Geopolitics of Food Scarcity (Lester, “'The real threat to our future is peak water'”, the guardian, July 10 2013, http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2013/jul/06/water-supplies-shrinking-threat-to-food) CW

In the US, farmers are over-pumping
And
a shrinking share of that shrinking supply.

Water wars cause global nuclear conflict
NASCA 2006 – the National Association for Scientific and Cultural Appreciation (“Water Shortages – Only A Matter Of Time.” http://www.nasca.org.uk/Strange_relics_/water/water.html)

Water is one of the prime essentials for
And
 will be no obvious answer.

Collapsing global water supply causes extinction
Marlow, 01 – National Chairperson of the Council of Canadians and IFG Committee on the Globalization of Water. (Maude, “BLUE GOLD: The Global Water Crisis and the Commodification of the World's Water Supply,” http://www.ratical.org/co-globalize/BlueGold.pdf.

Perhaps the most devastating analysis
And
desertification and, eventually, "global collapse."

Food insecurity due to shortage will redraw the geopolitical map and cause a huge wave of food wars
Ikerd 2002 – Professor Emeritus of Agricultural Economics @ University of Missouri (John E. Ikerd, “Small Farms: The Foundation for Long-Run Food Security,” Presented at “A Time to Act: Providing Educators with Resources to Address Small Farm Issues,” sponsored by University of Illinois, Agroecology/Sustainable Agriculture Program, Effingham and Peoria, IL, Nov. 13-14, 2002, pg. http://web.missouri.edu/ikerdj/papers/IllSmall.html)

Economists argue we need not be
And
sustainability of its food and farming systems.

It also causes fertilizer runoff and dead zones
Specht, 13 – Legal Advisor, Pearlmaker Holsteins, Inc., B.A., LSU (Jonathan, “Raising Cane: Cuban Sugarcane Ethanol’s Economic and Environmental Effects on the United States”, UC Davis, 4-24-13, http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/36/2/specht.pdf)//NG

By boosting the price of corn relative
And
and thus to the domestic ethanol industry. 

Dead zones wreck marine life
Lochhead ’10- writer for the Chronicle Washington Bureau (Carolyn, “Dead zone in gulf linked to ethanol production”, SF Gate, July 6 2010, http://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Dead-zone-in-gulf-linked-to-ethanol-production-3183032.php) CW

While the BP oil spill has been
And
the gulf if ethanol production is increased.

All life depends on healthy oceans.
NOAA 1998 (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1998 Year of the Ocean Report, http://www.yoto98.noaa.gov/yoto/meeting/mar_env_316.html)

The ocean plays a critical role in sustaining
And
we're heading if species extinction continues at its current pace.

Normal resilience claims don’t apply here, life is impossible without healthy oceans.
Coyne and Hoekstra 2007 – *professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolution at the University of Chicago AND  Associate Professor in the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University (Jerry and Hopi, The New Republic, “The Greatest Dying,” 9/24, http://www.truthout.org/article/jerry-coyne-and-hopi-e-hoekstra-the-greatest-dying)

In many ways, oceans are the most
And
extinction continues at its current pace.

The embargo hurts Cuba’s sustainable agriculture model and prevent them from shifting to renewable energy  
King 12- Visiting Assistant Professor at Brown University’s Center for Environmental Studies
(M. Dawn, “Cuban Sustainability: The Effects of Economic Isolation on Agriculture and Energy” per Presentation for the Western Political Science Association Portland, OR, March 21-24, 2012, http://wpsa.research.pdx.edu/meet/2012/kingmdawn.pdf)//HA

ABSTRACT: Cuba is well-known for its alternative
And
and fossil fuel use – weakening Cuba’s sustainability.

Unconditional engagement key to solve
Suchlicki 3/4 (Jamie Suchlicki,  the Emilio Bacardi Moreau Distinguished Professor and Director, Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies at the University of Miami. He is the author of Cuba: From Columbus to Castro, Mexico: From Montezuma to NAFTA and Breve Historia de Cuba., 3/4/13, “Why Cuba Will Still Be Anti-American After Castro” http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/03/why-cuba-will-still-be-anti-american-after-castro/273680/, JG)
Raul is unwilling to renounce the support
And
between the United States and Cuba.

Tournament: KCKCC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Omaha Westside | Judge:
Contention 1 is State of Exception

Guantanamo Bay exists in a realm beyond Good and Evil, defined by pure violence. Built on Cuban land by the American Military, it is governed by neither and falls outside the judicial control of any nation. The trip to Guantanamo is one of ontological transformation – the “enemy combatant” is at once accused, judged, and punished – stripped of all nationality, rights, and humanity, and reduced to bare life under the guise of “detainee”
Pease, 03 (Donald E. Pease, the Avalon Foundation Chair of the Humanities at Dartmouth College, “The Global Homeland State: Bush's Biopolitical Settlement”, Duke University Press, boundary 2 30.3 (2003) 1-18, rm)
The detention camps were
and
 witness," and "persons of interest."

This exception to the human condition was ratified by the American Public. The Homeland Security Act Permanently endowed the state with the power to administer the collective vitality of its citizens, inscribing the body-politic into a state of order with the power over its collective life and death.
Pease, 03 (Donald E. Pease, the Avalon Foundation Chair of the Humanities at Dartmouth College, “The Global Homeland State: Bush's Biopolitical Settlement”, Duke University Press, boundary 2 30.3 (2003) 1-18, rm)
As we have seen, the Homeland enacted into
and
the dislocatee's relation to the Homeland.

The Gulag, Apartheid, Holocaust, Factory Farm, and Guantanmo Bay are all synonymous with modernity. We live in the biopolitical epoch, balanced on the knife edge of bare life and defined by wholesale slaughter. We must foster openness in otherwise administered spaces for the radicali politicization of existence.
Duarte, 06 (Andre De Macedo Duarte, Professor of Philosophy at Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, “Biopolitics and the dissemination of violence: the Arendtian critique of the present,” http://works.bepress.com/andre_duarte/18, rm) (Gendered Language is not endorsed)
These historic transformations have not only
And
 hospitality and solidarity towards others. 

Bare life is dangerous because it ends power relations and therefore the possibility of resistance.  The possibility of this absolute dehumanization extends into contemporary politics.
Edkins and Pin-Fat, 05 (Jenny Edkins is Professor of International Politics at the University of Wales Aberystwyth, and Véronique Pin-Fat is Lecturer in International Relations in the Centre for International Politics at the University of Manchester, “Through the Wire: Relations of Power and Relations of Violence”, Millennium - Journal of International Studies 2005 34: 1, 8/1/05, rm)
In this section, we suggest that when the
And
become homines sacri or bare life.

Plan: The United States federal government should provide technical cooperation over the transfer of United States owned physical assets in the Republic of Cuba.

Contention 2 is State Sponsored Racism 

The American military has used the race of detainees in order to construct them as a security threat and distract Americans from the atrocities being committed at the camp.  Guantanamo has become one of the most significant areas of racism in contemporary politics.
Ahmad ’09 (Muneer Ahmad Resisting Guantanamo: Rights athe Brink of Dehuminization June 30, 2009. Yale Professor of Law. Specialist in International and Immigration Law. Teacher at the Transcontinental Development Center.)
Indeed, the very ground on which
And
one fourth of his life at Guantá-namo Bay.

And, we’ll isolate three instances of State Sponsored Racism churning out of Guantanamo Bay, 

1st is Post-Colonialism

American imperialism has adapted to global power projection by making the sites and methods of imperialism portable and temporary.  Guantanamo is an instance of a more subtle and insidious form of imperialism than has existed in the past.
McClintock, 04 (Scott McClintock, Professor at Antioch University, “The Penal Colony: Inscription of the Subject in Literature and Law, and Detainees as Legal Non-Persons at Camp X-Ray,” Comparative Literature Studies 41.1 (2004) 153-167, Project Muse, rm)
Besides its security advantages, the
And
is outside of the jurisdiction of domestic law. 17

Guantanamo occupies a space highly determined by a colonial past.  Racism based on imperialistic imagery plays out through sexual violence and other dehumanization techniques
Reid-Henry, 07 (Simon Reid-Henry, Professor at the Department of Geography, Queen Mary, University of London, “Exceptional Sovereignty? Guantanamo Bay and the Re-Colonial Present”, rm)
You can only be treated as bare
And
And a haunting space it continues to be.

Torture of detainees involves a categorization as “enemy combatant” that is racialized at its core.  Otherization and indeterminate legal spaces are all a colonial legacy
Kaplan, 05 (Amy Kaplan, professor of English and the Edmund J. and Louise W. Kahn Endowed Term Professor in the Humanities at the University of Pennsylvania, as well as a former president of the American Studies Association, “Where Is Guantánamo?”, American Quarterly 57.3 (2005) 831-858, Project MUSE, rm)
In 1994, Washington constructed another tent
And
if not at the border of the United States?

Guantanamo is a zone of indistinction, stuck between the colonial indignance of the US and Cuban claims to sovereignty
Gregory, 06 (Derek Gregory, Professor at the Department of Geography of the University of British Columbia, “THE BLACK FLAG: GUANTÁNAMO BAY AND THE SPACE OF EXCEPTION,” Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography, http://geographicalimaginations.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/gregory-the-black-flag-guantanamo-and-the-space-of-exception.pdf, rm)
Colonialism frequently operates under
And
 and the extralegal cross over into one another.36

2nd is the Prison System

Not only are the prisoners first feared and singled out for their collective race, but in an essence are forced into a separate sub-racial category through the placement in prisons. This form of racial dehumanization is another injustice placed on them by the state as well as by the general public as a result of the states dehumanizing portrayal of them.
Gordon 8’ (Avery Gordon Theories and Methodologies: Methodologies of Imprisonment, 2008 PHD in Sociology at Boston College with an in Foreign Studies from Georgetown University. http://www.mlajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1632/pmla.2008.123.3.651)

These four are the United States’
And
defect which weighs endlessly upon his destiny” 

3rd is Islamaphobia

Racial Profiling in the War on Terror is now the norm not the exception- The US Government will do whatever it thinks necessary to protect the homeland.
Rudovsky 12 David Rudovsky, one of the nation’s leading civil rights and criminal defense attorneys, practices public interest law with the firm of Kairys, Rudovsky, Messing and Feinberg. He became a Senior Fellow at Penn Law in 1988 and teaches courses in Criminal Law, Constitutional Criminal Procedure and Evidence. http://www.pennumbra.com/debates/debate.php?did=5
In the wake of 9/11, the Bush Administration invoked
And
 protection principles in other criminal investigations. 

The assimilation of unique racial identities into a conception of “Muslim-looking” is a self-conscious attempt to destroy all in order to ensure the destruction of few
Ahmad 09 Muneer L. Ahmad - Clinical Professor of Law, Yale Law School, 2009, “RESISTING GUANTÁNAMO: RIGHTS AT THE BRINK OF DEHUMANIZATION”, http://www.law.northwestern.edu/lawreview/v103/n4/1683/LR103n4Ahmad.pdf
At Guantánamo, the state narrative
And
invention of the illiberal, barbaric East57: ?the only 

Islamaphobia is the modern manifestation of institutionalized racism – the foundation of hate violence and capitalist hierarchies
Frost 07 Dr. Diane Frost – PhD in sociology from the University of Liverpool, June 26, 2007, “Islamophobia: examining causal links between the state and ‘‘race hate’’ from ‘‘below’’, http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1751574andshow=abstract
In any analysis of ‘‘race’’ hate it
And
for complex social and political reasons.

Racism justifies ethnic cleansings, genocide, and crimes against humanity and social reactionism at home, only by addressing the root faults of the systemic practices can we overcome these instilled justifications, and it is your ethical duty to reject it in all instances
Muigai 2010 (Mr. Muigai is a lawyer specialized in international human rights law. He was appointed by the Human Rights Council as a Special Rapporteur – reporting to that body as an unpaid, independent expert – beginning August 2008. http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=36633#.Uc3UPz6DR7M)
Racism and xenophobia still ravage
And
 their followers, sacred persons, and symbols.

Tournament: KCKCC | Round: 4 | Opponent: BVSW HS | Judge: Matt Casas
Same as round 1

Tournament: KCKCC | Round: 5 | Opponent: Newton | Judge: David Bowers
Same

Tournament: Woodward | Round: 6 | Opponent: Johns Creek RV | Judge: Raina, M 14
Contention 1 is State of Exception

Guantanamo Bay exists in a realm beyond Good and Evil, defined by pure violence. Built on Cuban land by the American Military, it is governed by neither and falls outside the judicial control of any nation. The trip to Guantanamo is one of ontological transformation – the “enemy combatant” is at once accused, judged, and punished – stripped of all nationality, rights, and humanity, and reduced to bare life under the guise of “detainee”
Pease, 03 (Donald E. Pease, the Avalon Foundation Chair of the Humanities at Dartmouth College, “The Global Homeland State: Bush's Biopolitical Settlement”, Duke University Press, boundary 2 30.3 (2003) 1-18, rm)
The detention camps were
and
 witness," and "persons of interest."

This exception to the human condition was ratified by the American Public. The Homeland Security Act Permanently endowed the state with the power to administer the collective vitality of its citizens, inscribing the body-politic into a state of order with the power over its collective life and death.
Pease, 03 (Donald E. Pease, the Avalon Foundation Chair of the Humanities at Dartmouth College, “The Global Homeland State: Bush's Biopolitical Settlement”, Duke University Press, boundary 2 30.3 (2003) 1-18, rm)
As we have seen, the Homeland enacted into
and
the dislocatee's relation to the Homeland.

The Gulag, Apartheid, Holocaust, Factory Farm, and Guantanmo Bay are all synonymous with modernity. We live in the biopolitical epoch, balanced on the knife edge of bare life and defined by wholesale slaughter. We must foster openness in otherwise administered spaces for the radicali politicization of existence.
Duarte, 06 (Andre De Macedo Duarte, Professor of Philosophy at Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, “Biopolitics and the dissemination of violence: the Arendtian critique of the present,” http://works.bepress.com/andre_duarte/18, rm) (Gendered Language is not endorsed)
These historic transformations have not only
And
 hospitality and solidarity towards others. 

Bare life is dangerous because it ends power relations and therefore the possibility of resistance.  The possibility of this absolute dehumanization extends into contemporary politics.
Edkins and Pin-Fat, 05 (Jenny Edkins is Professor of International Politics at the University of Wales Aberystwyth, and Véronique Pin-Fat is Lecturer in International Relations in the Centre for International Politics at the University of Manchester, “Through the Wire: Relations of Power and Relations of Violence”, Millennium - Journal of International Studies 2005 34: 1, 8/1/05, rm)
In this section, we suggest that when the
And
become homines sacri or bare life.

Plan: The United States federal government should provide technical cooperation over the transfer of United States owned physical assets in the Republic of Cuba.

Contention 2 is State Sponsored Racism 

The American military has used the race of detainees in order to construct them as a security threat and distract Americans from the atrocities being committed at the camp.  Guantanamo has become one of the most significant areas of racism in contemporary politics.
Ahmad ’09 (Muneer Ahmad Resisting Guantanamo: Rights athe Brink of Dehuminization June 30, 2009. Yale Professor of Law. Specialist in International and Immigration Law. Teacher at the Transcontinental Development Center.)
Indeed, the very ground on which
And
one fourth of his life at Guantá-namo Bay.

And, we’ll isolate three instances of State Sponsored Racism churning out of Guantanamo Bay, 

1st is Post-Colonialism

American imperialism has adapted to global power projection by making the sites and methods of imperialism portable and temporary.  Guantanamo is an instance of a more subtle and insidious form of imperialism than has existed in the past.
McClintock, 04 (Scott McClintock, Professor at Antioch University, “The Penal Colony: Inscription of the Subject in Literature and Law, and Detainees as Legal Non-Persons at Camp X-Ray,” Comparative Literature Studies 41.1 (2004) 153-167, Project Muse, rm)
Besides its security advantages, the
And
is outside of the jurisdiction of domestic law. 17

Guantanamo occupies a space highly determined by a colonial past.  Racism based on imperialistic imagery plays out through sexual violence and other dehumanization techniques
Reid-Henry, 07 (Simon Reid-Henry, Professor at the Department of Geography, Queen Mary, University of London, “Exceptional Sovereignty? Guantanamo Bay and the Re-Colonial Present”, rm)
You can only be treated as bare
And
And a haunting space it continues to be.

Torture of detainees involves a categorization as “enemy combatant” that is racialized at its core.  Otherization and indeterminate legal spaces are all a colonial legacy
Kaplan, 05 (Amy Kaplan, professor of English and the Edmund J. and Louise W. Kahn Endowed Term Professor in the Humanities at the University of Pennsylvania, as well as a former president of the American Studies Association, “Where Is Guantánamo?”, American Quarterly 57.3 (2005) 831-858, Project MUSE, rm)
In 1994, Washington constructed another tent
And
if not at the border of the United States?

Guantanamo is a zone of indistinction, stuck between the colonial indignance of the US and Cuban claims to sovereignty
Gregory, 06 (Derek Gregory, Professor at the Department of Geography of the University of British Columbia, “THE BLACK FLAG: GUANTÁNAMO BAY AND THE SPACE OF EXCEPTION,” Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography, http://geographicalimaginations.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/gregory-the-black-flag-guantanamo-and-the-space-of-exception.pdf, rm)
Colonialism frequently operates under
And
 and the extralegal cross over into one another.36

2nd is the Prison System

Not only are the prisoners first feared and singled out for their collective race, but in an essence are forced into a separate sub-racial category through the placement in prisons. This form of racial dehumanization is another injustice placed on them by the state as well as by the general public as a result of the states dehumanizing portrayal of them.
Gordon 8’ (Avery Gordon Theories and Methodologies: Methodologies of Imprisonment, 2008 PHD in Sociology at Boston College with an in Foreign Studies from Georgetown University. http://www.mlajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1632/pmla.2008.123.3.651)

These four are the United States’
And
defect which weighs endlessly upon his destiny” 

3rd is Islamaphobia

Racial Profiling in the War on Terror is now the norm not the exception- The US Government will do whatever it thinks necessary to protect the homeland.
Rudovsky 12 David Rudovsky, one of the nation’s leading civil rights and criminal defense attorneys, practices public interest law with the firm of Kairys, Rudovsky, Messing and Feinberg. He became a Senior Fellow at Penn Law in 1988 and teaches courses in Criminal Law, Constitutional Criminal Procedure and Evidence. http://www.pennumbra.com/debates/debate.php?did=5
In the wake of 9/11, the Bush Administration invoked
And
 protection principles in other criminal investigations. 

The assimilation of unique racial identities into a conception of “Muslim-looking” is a self-conscious attempt to destroy all in order to ensure the destruction of few
Ahmad 09 Muneer L. Ahmad - Clinical Professor of Law, Yale Law School, 2009, “RESISTING GUANTÁNAMO: RIGHTS AT THE BRINK OF DEHUMANIZATION”, http://www.law.northwestern.edu/lawreview/v103/n4/1683/LR103n4Ahmad.pdf
At Guantánamo, the state narrative
And
invention of the illiberal, barbaric East57: ?the only 

Islamaphobia is the modern manifestation of institutionalized racism – the foundation of hate violence and capitalist hierarchies
Frost 07 Dr. Diane Frost – PhD in sociology from the University of Liverpool, June 26, 2007, “Islamophobia: examining causal links between the state and ‘‘race hate’’ from ‘‘below’’, http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1751574andshow=abstract
In any analysis of ‘‘race’’ hate it
And
for complex social and political reasons.

Racism justifies ethnic cleansings, genocide, and crimes against humanity and social reactionism at home, only by addressing the root faults of the systemic practices can we overcome these instilled justifications, and it is your ethical duty to reject it in all instances
Muigai 2010 (Mr. Muigai is a lawyer specialized in international human rights law. He was appointed by the Human Rights Council as a Special Rapporteur – reporting to that body as an unpaid, independent expert – beginning August 2008. http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=36633#.Uc3UPz6DR7M)
Racism and xenophobia still ravage
And
 their followers, sacred persons, and symbols.

Tournament: Searcy Lions Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: LRCH WW | Judge: Mcalister
Contention 1 is State of Exception

Guantanamo Bay exists in a realm beyond Good and Evil, defined by pure violence. Built on Cuban land by the American Military, it is governed by neither and falls outside the judicial control of any nation. The trip to Guantanamo is one of ontological transformation – the “enemy combatant” is at once accused, judged, and punished – stripped of all nationality, rights, and humanity, and reduced to bare life under the guise of “detainee”
Pease, 03 (Donald E. Pease, the Avalon Foundation Chair of the Humanities at Dartmouth College, “The Global Homeland State: Bush's Biopolitical Settlement”, Duke University Press, boundary 2 30.3 (2003) 1-18, rm)
The detention camps were
and
 witness," and "persons of interest."

This exception to the human condition was ratified by the American Public. The Homeland Security Act Permanently endowed the state with the power to administer the collective vitality of its citizens, inscribing the body-politic into a state of order with the power over its collective life and death.
Pease, 03 (Donald E. Pease, the Avalon Foundation Chair of the Humanities at Dartmouth College, “The Global Homeland State: Bush's Biopolitical Settlement”, Duke University Press, boundary 2 30.3 (2003) 1-18, rm)
As we have seen, the Homeland enacted into
and
the dislocatee's relation to the Homeland.

The Gulag, Apartheid, Holocaust, Factory Farm, and Guantanmo Bay are all synonymous with modernity. We live in the biopolitical epoch, balanced on the knife edge of bare life and defined by wholesale slaughter. We must foster openness in otherwise administered spaces for the radicali politicization of existence.
Duarte, 06 (Andre De Macedo Duarte, Professor of Philosophy at Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, “Biopolitics and the dissemination of violence: the Arendtian critique of the present,” http://works.bepress.com/andre_duarte/18, rm) (Gendered Language is not endorsed)
These historic transformations have not only
And
 hospitality and solidarity towards others. 

Bare life is dangerous because it ends power relations and therefore the possibility of resistance.  The possibility of this absolute dehumanization extends into contemporary politics.
Edkins and Pin-Fat, 05 (Jenny Edkins is Professor of International Politics at the University of Wales Aberystwyth, and Véronique Pin-Fat is Lecturer in International Relations in the Centre for International Politics at the University of Manchester, “Through the Wire: Relations of Power and Relations of Violence”, Millennium - Journal of International Studies 2005 34: 1, 8/1/05, rm)
In this section, we suggest that when the
And
become homines sacri or bare life.

Plan: The United States federal government should provide technical cooperation over the transfer of United States owned physical assets in the Republic of Cuba.

Contention 2 is State Sponsored Racism 

The American military has used the race of detainees in order to construct them as a security threat and distract Americans from the atrocities being committed at the camp.  Guantanamo has become one of the most significant areas of racism in contemporary politics.
Ahmad ’09 (Muneer Ahmad Resisting Guantanamo: Rights athe Brink of Dehuminization June 30, 2009. Yale Professor of Law. Specialist in International and Immigration Law. Teacher at the Transcontinental Development Center.)
Indeed, the very ground on which
And
one fourth of his life at Guantá-namo Bay.

And, we’ll isolate three instances of State Sponsored Racism churning out of Guantanamo Bay, 

1st is Post-Colonialism

American imperialism has adapted to global power projection by making the sites and methods of imperialism portable and temporary.  Guantanamo is an instance of a more subtle and insidious form of imperialism than has existed in the past.
McClintock, 04 (Scott McClintock, Professor at Antioch University, “The Penal Colony: Inscription of the Subject in Literature and Law, and Detainees as Legal Non-Persons at Camp X-Ray,” Comparative Literature Studies 41.1 (2004) 153-167, Project Muse, rm)
Besides its security advantages, the
And
is outside of the jurisdiction of domestic law. 17

Guantanamo occupies a space highly determined by a colonial past.  Racism based on imperialistic imagery plays out through sexual violence and other dehumanization techniques
Reid-Henry, 07 (Simon Reid-Henry, Professor at the Department of Geography, Queen Mary, University of London, “Exceptional Sovereignty? Guantanamo Bay and the Re-Colonial Present”, rm)
You can only be treated as bare
And
And a haunting space it continues to be.

Torture of detainees involves a categorization as “enemy combatant” that is racialized at its core.  Otherization and indeterminate legal spaces are all a colonial legacy
Kaplan, 05 (Amy Kaplan, professor of English and the Edmund J. and Louise W. Kahn Endowed Term Professor in the Humanities at the University of Pennsylvania, as well as a former president of the American Studies Association, “Where Is Guantánamo?”, American Quarterly 57.3 (2005) 831-858, Project MUSE, rm)
In 1994, Washington constructed another tent
And
if not at the border of the United States?

Guantanamo is a zone of indistinction, stuck between the colonial indignance of the US and Cuban claims to sovereignty
Gregory, 06 (Derek Gregory, Professor at the Department of Geography of the University of British Columbia, “THE BLACK FLAG: GUANTÁNAMO BAY AND THE SPACE OF EXCEPTION,” Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography, http://geographicalimaginations.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/gregory-the-black-flag-guantanamo-and-the-space-of-exception.pdf, rm)
Colonialism frequently operates under
And
 and the extralegal cross over into one another.36

2nd is the Prison System

Not only are the prisoners first feared and singled out for their collective race, but in an essence are forced into a separate sub-racial category through the placement in prisons. This form of racial dehumanization is another injustice placed on them by the state as well as by the general public as a result of the states dehumanizing portrayal of them.
Gordon 8’ (Avery Gordon Theories and Methodologies: Methodologies of Imprisonment, 2008 PHD in Sociology at Boston College with an in Foreign Studies from Georgetown University. http://www.mlajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1632/pmla.2008.123.3.651)

These four are the United States’
And
defect which weighs endlessly upon his destiny” 

3rd is Islamaphobia

Racial Profiling in the War on Terror is now the norm not the exception- The US Government will do whatever it thinks necessary to protect the homeland.
Rudovsky 12 David Rudovsky, one of the nation’s leading civil rights and criminal defense attorneys, practices public interest law with the firm of Kairys, Rudovsky, Messing and Feinberg. He became a Senior Fellow at Penn Law in 1988 and teaches courses in Criminal Law, Constitutional Criminal Procedure and Evidence. http://www.pennumbra.com/debates/debate.php?did=5
In the wake of 9/11, the Bush Administration invoked
And
 protection principles in other criminal investigations. 

The assimilation of unique racial identities into a conception of “Muslim-looking” is a self-conscious attempt to destroy all in order to ensure the destruction of few
Ahmad 09 Muneer L. Ahmad - Clinical Professor of Law, Yale Law School, 2009, “RESISTING GUANTÁNAMO: RIGHTS AT THE BRINK OF DEHUMANIZATION”, http://www.law.northwestern.edu/lawreview/v103/n4/1683/LR103n4Ahmad.pdf
At Guantánamo, the state narrative
And
invention of the illiberal, barbaric East57: ?the only 

Islamaphobia is the modern manifestation of institutionalized racism – the foundation of hate violence and capitalist hierarchies
Frost 07 Dr. Diane Frost – PhD in sociology from the University of Liverpool, June 26, 2007, “Islamophobia: examining causal links between the state and ‘‘race hate’’ from ‘‘below’’, http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1751574andshow=abstract
In any analysis of ‘‘race’’ hate it
And
for complex social and political reasons.

Racism justifies ethnic cleansings, genocide, and crimes against humanity and social reactionism at home, only by addressing the root faults of the systemic practices can we overcome these instilled justifications, and it is your ethical duty to reject it in all instances
Muigai 2010 (Mr. Muigai is a lawyer specialized in international human rights law. He was appointed by the Human Rights Council as a Special Rapporteur – reporting to that body as an unpaid, independent expert – beginning August 2008. http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=36633#.Uc3UPz6DR7M)
Racism and xenophobia still ravage
And
 their followers, sacred persons, and symbols.

Tournament: Heritage Hall | Round: 1 | Opponent: Edmond Santa Fe KL | Judge: 

Contention 1

Plan: The United States federal government should normalize economic relations with the Republic of Cuba.

Contention 1 is Influence
US influence in Latin America is declining because of increased Chinese and Russian investment— Cuba is the linchpin
Llana ’12 ~14 October 2012, Sara Miller Llana, European Bureau Chief of the Monitor, covered Latin America from Mexico City for the paper for seven years, M. in journalism from Columbia University and a BA in history from the University of Michigan, The Christian Science Monitor, "50 years after Cuba missile crisis, US influence in hemisphere waning" http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Americas/2012/1014/50-years-after-Cuba-missile-crisis-US-influence-in-hemisphere-waning~~

Investment from emerging economies like China and Russia are diminishing Latin America’s reliance on the
AND
pariah state; it is now a linchpin for all the other countries."

The Cuban embargo undermines credibility and investments— complete removal now is key to reversing the trend.
Goodes ’09 ~Jeffrey Goodes, Senior Military Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, "Marine colonel: Drop the Cuba embargo," 10/23/9, http://ricks.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2009/10/23/marine_colonel_drop_the_cuba_embargo~~

The Obama administration’s decision to extend the U.S. economic trade embargo on
AND
an opportunity to see the best that our free and democratic society offers?"

The plan’s unconditional removal signals a strong commitment to multilateralism
Vivanco ’06 ~22 December 2006, Jose Miguel Vivanco, LLM from Harvard Law School and studied law at the University of Chile and Salamanca Law School in Spain, Americas director of Humans Rights Watch, previously an attorney for the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights at the Organization of American States (OAS), "Restraint, not force, will bring change to Cuba", humans rights watch, http://www.hrw.org/news/2006/12/21/restraint-not-force-will-bring-change-cuba~~

This reluctance would be understandable but misguided. Most Cubans do want change. If
AND
when the US stops acting like Goliath will Cuba stop looking like David.

Multilateralism is good

1. The plan fosters a credible multilateral conflict resolution model—current policy fails
   Dickerson 10 – Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted in fulfillment of a Master of Strategic Studies Degree at the US Army War College (Sergio M, "UNITED STATES SECURITY STRATEGY TOWARDS CUBA," 1/14/10, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a518053.pdf) ~SG~
   ¶ At the international political level, President Obama sees resuming relations with Cuba as
   AND
   decline in the greater global order bringing true peace for years to come.

2. It’s key to solve multiple scenarios of global war, terrorism, and disease
Reiss ’08 ~Mitchell B. Reiss, senior associate of the CSIS International
AND
the Next President Can Do", Survival, October, 50(5)~

But first, there is another question to be answered: why should Americans care
AND
justice and human dignity, or do more to enhance peace and security.

That bolsters influence in international institutions, allowing the US to lead multilateral forums
Sabatini and Berger 12 – Christopher Sabatini is editor-in-chief of Americas Quarterly and senior director of policy at Americas Society/Council of the Americas. Ryan Berger is a policy associate at the Americas Society/Council of the Americas(Christopher/Ryan, "Why the U.S. can’t afford to ignore Latin America" 6/13/12, CNN/Global Public Square, http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/06/13/why-the-u-s-cant-afford-to-ignore-latin-america/) ~SG~
Speaking in Santiago, Chile, in March of last year, President Obama called
AND
S. "backyard" that is outside broader, global strategic concerns.

Reliance on unilateralism will collapse US leadership and cause global wars with weapons of mass destruction
Montalván, 10 - a 17-year veteran of the U.S. Army including multiple combat tours in Iraq, master’s of science from Columbia University’s Graduate School of Journalism (Luis, "Multilateralism is Essential for Peace in the 21st Century" Huffington Post, 4/23, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/luis-carlos-montalvan/multilateralism-is-essent_b_550332.html)

Unilateralism is the wrong approach for American Diplomacy. There is nothing to suggest its
AND
us. Now is the time to create rather than divide common ground.

Contention 2

Contention 2 is Sugar

The plan boosts the Cuban sugar ethanol industry which will displace U.S. corn ethanol
Holmes, 10– B.A. from Georgetown, Master’s Thesis (Michael G., June 21, 2010, "Seizing the Moment", https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/553334/holmesMichael.pdf?sequence=1, pg. 74-78)NG

Creating a new market for U.S. goods and services creates a strong
AND
Cuba’s technology sector and potentially increase the ease and volume of ethanol production. 

Cuban sugarcane exports guarantee economic revival and overcome alt causes.
Elledge 09 (Nicholas Elledge, Research Fellow, Council on Hemispheric Affairs, "Cuba’s Sugarcane Ethanol Potential: Cuba,
Raúl Castro, and the Return of King Sugar to the Island," The Panama News, November 3, 2009,http://www.thepanamanews.com/pn/v_15/issue_17/opinion_13.html)//JS
Moreover, the demoralizing blackouts in Cuba
AND
 exports and stimulating economic growth.

Cuban economic collapse causes internal instability.
Coons 03 (Kenneth Coons, Lieutenant Colonel, USAF, "U.S. Foreign Policy Toward Cuba In An Evolving Post-Castro Era," Air University, April 2003,http://dtlweb.au.af.mil///exlibris/dtl/d3_1/apache_media/L2V4bGlicmlzL2R0bC9kM18xL2FwYWNoZV9tZWRpYS8zNjYwNw==.pdf)//JS
This potential hazard in regard to Cuba is
AND
of hundreds of thousands of refugees.

Cuban instability causes Caribbean terrorism, democratic backsliding, and magnifies the risk of global hot spots.
Gorrell ’05 ~18 March 2005, Tim Gorrell, Lieutenant Colonel, "Cuba: The Next Unanticipated Anticipated Strategic Crisis?" http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074~~
Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, Cuba’s
AND
in an effort to facilitate a manageable transition to post-Castro Cuba?

The US will be forced to intervene, destroying hotspot management.
Rodríguez and Vásquez 01 (L. Jacobo Rodríguez, financial services analyst, Cato Institute, Ian Vásquez, director, Project on Global Economic Liberty, Cato Institute, "Relations with Cuba," Cato Handbook for Congress, 2001, http://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/serials/files/cato-handbook-policymakers/2001/9/hb107-59.pdf)//JS
Unfortunately, strengthening the economic embargo
AND
 United States would unnecessarily be drawn.

Global hotspots threaten global nuclear war. Effective management is key.
Bosco 06 (David Bosco, a senior editor at Foreign Policy magazine, "Forum: Keeping an eye peeled for World War III," July 2006, http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06211/709477-109.stm_)
The understanding that small but violent acts can spark global conflagration is etched into the
AND
not even a hint that France, Russia or China would respond militarily.¶ 

Caribbean terrorism leads to bioweapon attacks on the US
Bryan ’01 ~21 October 2001, Anthony T. Bryan, director of the North-South Center’s Caribbean Program, CFR, Terrorism, Porous Borders, and Homeland Security: The Case for U.S.-Caribbean Cooperation, p. http://www.cfr.org/publication/4844/terrorism_porous_borders_and20_homeland_20security.html~~
Terrorist acts can take place anywhere. The Caribbean is no exception. Already the
AND
else to the clandestine manufacture and deployment of biological weapons within national borders.

Bioterror leads to extinction
Sandberg ’8 ~Anders Sandberg , James Martin Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University; Jason G. Matheny, PhD candidate in Health Policy and Management at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and special consultant to the Center for Biosecurity at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Milan M. ?irkovi?, senior research associate at the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade and assistant professor of physics at the University of Novi Sad in Serbia and Montenegro, 9/8/8, "How can we reduce the risk of human extinction?," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction~~

The risks from anthropogenic hazards appear at present larger than those from natural ones.
AND
may increase as biotechnologies continue to improve at a rate rivaling Moore’s Law.

Sugarcane-based ethanol slows CO2 emissions and prevents biodiversity loss.
Specht 13 (Jonathan Specht, Legal Advisor, Pearlmaker Holsteins, Inc. B.A., Louisiana State University, 2009; J.D., Washington University in St. Louis, "Raising Cane: Cuban Sugarcane Ethanol’s Economic and Environmental Effects on the United States," University of California, Davis, Vol. 36:2, April 24, 2013, http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/36/2/specht.pdf)//JS

IV. Environmental Effects of Ethanol¶ ¶ Assuming that Cuba is able to
AND
to clean as the grasslands and wetlands that once filtered contaminants disappear. n100

Migratory bird decline spills-over globally.
FAO 12 (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO Statement on World Migratory Bird Day- Importance of Migratory Birds, May 14, 2012,http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/empres/news_140512.html)//JS
14 May 2012 – On World Migratory Bird Day, celebrated 12-13 May this year, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) would like to
AND
 a dramatic impact on their chances of survival. 

Biodiversity loss risks extinction.
Raj 12 (P. J. Sanjeeva Raj, former Head of Zoology Department, Madras Christian College, "Beware the Loss of Biodiversity," The Hindu, September 23, 2012,http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/beware-the-loss-of-biodiversity/article3927062.ece)//JS
He regrets that if such indiscriminate
AND
 share the sustainable benefits out of it.

Restructuring overcomes Fidel’s objections.
Cuba Standard 12 (Cuba Standard, Cuban Business and Economic News, "Cuba Ethanol Production May Open up to Foreign Investment," January 20, 2012,http://www.cubastandard.com/2012/01/20/cuban-ethanol-production-may-open-up-to-foreign-investment/)//JS

Overcoming the objections of Fidel Castro, the Cuban government is beginning to consider large
AND
it quietly modernized existing "alcohol" production facilities in 2006 and 2007.

—Extra Cards

Corn-based ethanol production in the US severely depletes groundwater, and causes fertilizer runoff
Patzek, 04 ~Tad W. Patzek, Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering, Department Chair, Lois K. and Richard D. Folger Leadership Chair 26 Professor, Cockrell Family Chair No. 11 in Engineering at the Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering at the Cockrell School of Engineering at UT Austin, "ETHANOL FROM CORN: CLEAN RENEWABLE FUEL FOR THE FUTURE, OR DRAIN ON OUR RESOURCES AND POCKETS?"~SGarg
Much of disagreement about the energy cost of ethanol production centers on the energy spent
AND
fertilizer and herbicide run off, and waste water from the production process.

Groundwater depletion empirically collapses civilization.  
The Economist 2003, July 10 "Irrigate and Die"
PRIVATISATION and dams may arouse great passion, but mispricing of water has far more
AND
this century. What will the mid-west do for water then?

Honeybees are plummeting now —- preserving enough migratory birds for pollination is key to avoid extinction
Herrmann 11 (Lynn Herrmann, writer at Digital Journal, "Report: World Bee Decline Signals ’Sixth Major Extinction,’" Digital Journal, March 11, 2011, http://digitaljournal.com/article/304525)//JS
Geneva - A new report on honey bee
AND
moths, flies, and commercially controlled bee species.

Tournament: March Madness | Round: 3 | Opponent: Bentonville BW | Judge: Jared LaReau

Advantage 1 is Keep America #1:

U.S power is perceived as declining internationally – crushes credibility and encouraging rogue states to lash out

Dormandy 13’ (November 10, 2013, Xenia Dormandy foreign relations expert and consultant at CNN, "World Worries: Can it count on U.S?"http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/09/opinion/dormandy-u-s-gridlock-international/, Dpatt)
Many in the international community have argued the U.S. government is dysfunctional
AND
, it will instead drive itself and the world’s economy off a cliff.

Now is key for America to strike to project unipolarity and military dominance and reaffirm patriotic American values, it’s zero sum as other nations encroach on our power

Economist 13’ (September 7, 2013, The Economist, Fight This War, Not the Last, http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21584976-when-congress-votes-syria-it-will-be-defining-americas-place-world-fight-war-not?frsc=dg7Cc26fsrc=scn2Ffb_app_iphone**, DPatt)
JUST a decade ago, a short season in the ebb and flow of global
AND
loud and clear as it can—and so should Mr Obama’s allies.

Military intervention in Cuba is feasible now; it would be short, easy, and WE WOULD WIN.

Scaruffi, 03’ (May 2003, Piero Scaruffi, scientist, writer, music critic, and media analyst. He received a degree in Mathematics in 1982 from University of Turin, where he did work on the General Theory of Relativity, Invading Cuba, Cuba, http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/cuba.html**, DPatt)
Invading Cuba. The USA has always been
AND
Americas. If Saddam, why not Castro?

There are 3 internal links –

First is interventionism:

Military interventions by the U.S demonstrate hard power internationally which is key sustaining hegemony

Hinnebusch 07’ (Spring 2007, Raymond Hinnebusch, Professor, Institute of Middle East, Central Asia and Caucasus Studies, University of St. Andrews, Scotland, THE AMERICAN INVASION OF IRAQ: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES , http://sam.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Raymond-Hinnebusch.pdf**, DPatt)
The invasion of Iraq can only be properly understood
AND
dispense with one based on accommodation of Arab interests.3

Second is Oil:

Cuba has vast oil reserves, untapped due to the embargo

Carroll 08’ (October 17, 2008, Roy Carroll, Columnist for the Guardian,  20bn barrel oil discovery puts Cuba in the big league, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/oct/18/cuban-oil**, DPatt)
Friends and foes have called Cuba many things - a progressive beacon, a quixotic
AND
strategic way. Oil is different. It’s something we need and want."

Plan sufficiently hedges US energy security.

Benjamin-Alvarado ’10 (jonathan Benjamin-Alvarado, PhD of Political Science, University of Nebraska, 2010, "Cuba’s Energy Future: Strategic Approaches to Cooperation," a Brookings Publication – obtained as an ebook through MSU Electronic Resources – page 118-19)
In chapter 1, I spotlighted five "S" characteristics of energy security and the related imperatives of strategic energy policy relevant to both the Cuban case as well as that of the United States. The successful development of Cuban energy resources will enhance the energy security of the United States and its broader geostrategic imperatives in the Caribbean region. Cuba can do this by potentially serving as an entrepôt for U.S. downstream activities (refining, marketing, storage, and transshipment). Cuba has already embarked on an aggressive program of investment and development of its refining capacity, which could potentially support American energy needs by serving as a hedge against supply disruptions of refined petroleum products or facilitating the redirection of oil shipments as needed owing to any number of circumstances.

Oil is the fuel of modern American hegemony, but rising anti-U.S sentiment and radical nationalism in the Middle East threatens our current reserves.

Everest 04’ (2004, Larry Everest, OIL, POWER 26 EMPIRE: IRAQ AND THE U.S. GLOBAL AGENDA, http://www.worldcantwait.net/materials/OPE-CHAPTER20ONE.pdf**, Journalist for The Revolution Newspaper, DPatt)
Global capitalism is fueled and lubricated by oil. Of the world’s raw materials,
AND
and turned Iraq and Iran into frequent targets of American intrigues and interventions.

Third is encroachment:

Increased Chinese and Russian investment in Cuba crowds out U.S influence and challenges hegemony
Llana ’12 ~14 October 2012, Sara Miller Llana, European Bureau Chief of the Monitor, covered Latin America from Mexico City for the paper for seven years, M. in journalism from Columbia University and a BA in history from the University of Michigan, The Christian Science Monitor, "50 years after Cuba missile crisis, US influence in hemisphere waning" http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Americas/2012/1014/50-years-after-Cuba-missile-crisis-US-influence-in-hemisphere-waning~~
Investment from emerging economies like China and Russia are diminishing Latin America’s reliance on the
AND
pariah state; it is now a linchpin for all the other countries."

Seizing Cuba would block out international actors and allow U.S influence to spill over

Benjamin-Alvarado ’06 PhD of Political Science, University of Nebraska
The Current Status and Future Prospects for Oil Exploration in Cuba: A Special Report for the Cuban Research Institute, Florida International University. Jonathan Benjamin-Alvarado, University of Nebraska Omaha1 November 2006
Given that there are no formal diplomatic of economic relations between the governments of the
AND
circumstances but have well-served the commercial interests of all parties involved.

Communism is terrible for the environment- USSR proves- laundry list of impacts

Dilorenze ’92- an American economics professor at Loyola University Maryland. (Thomas J., "Why Socialism Causes Pollution", FEE, March 1 1992, http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/why-socialism-causes-pollution~~23axzz2Y0u7FfBX) CW
But if the profit motive is the primary cause
AND
imperative to devour idle resources in the USSR."

Independently- Chinese influence in Latin America causes Taiwan nuke war - Extinction

Fergusson 12 Robbie, Researcher at Royal Society for the Arts, Featured Contributor at International Business Times, Former Conference 26 Research Assistant at Security Watch, Former Researcher at University College London, Master of Science, China in the International Arena, The University of Glasgow, "The Chinese Challenge to the Monroe Doctrine," http://www.e-ir.info/2012/07/23/does-chinese-growth-in-latin-america-threaten-american-interests/**
Taiwan – domestic, or foreign policy?¶ China’s goals in the region amount to
AND
allow the PRC to conclude a settlement on Taiwan, perhaps by force.

And Russian influence causes the militarization of Cuba and spills over to Russia-U.S conflict

Lee 8 (Rens Lee, senior fellow at the foreign policy research institute, November/December 2008, "Rethinking the Embargo," http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/64618/rens-lee/rethinking-the-embargo) gz
Jorge Castañeda ("Morning in Latin America," September/October 2008)
AND
deploying strategic or intelligence assets on the island.

US-Russia war is the largest existential threat – outweighs all other impacts

Bostrom 02 ~March 9, 2002, Nick Bostrom, PhD, Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9, http://www.nickbostrom.com/existential/risks.html~~
A much greater existential risk emerged
AND
that we will encounter in the 21st century.

US hegemony prevents multiple scenarios for conflict and nuclear war- prefer it to any other power structure; all of their impacts are more likely in a world without American predominance

Kagan 7 (Robert, Senior Associate at the Carnegie Endowment of International Peace, "End of Dreams, Return of History", 2007, AD: 07/11/12, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/8552512.html~~23n10)**
Even as it maintains its position as the predominant global power, it is also
AND
that a reduction of American power or a retraction of American influence and global

Hegemony is sustainable, pursuit is inevitable, and there is no alternative- this answers all there turns – STAR THIS CARD

Knowles 09’ Robert Knowles (Assistant Professor – New York University School of Law) 2009 "american hegemony and the foreign affairs constitution" Arizona State Law Journal, Vol. 41 Lexis
First, the "hybrid" hegemonic model assumes
AND
new, and they have thus far proved premature. 384 

Ceding to the lefts antics is suicide – the only risk of international violence is a world in which the U.S. succumbs to internal criticism

Sowell 06’ (Thomas Sowell, Senior Fellow at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution, November 16, 2006. "Where is the West?" http://jewishworldreview.com/cols/sowell110906.php3, Accessed Online: 09/11/2008. wku-tjs)
European nations protesting Saddam Hussein’s
AND
ended up being annihilated ourselves?

Plan: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase its economic engagement towards Cuba through a military acquisition of all capital

Advantage 2 is New Florida:

Movements in Latin America are successfully installing "weak communist" governments funded by the established Castro regime – a spark of neoliberalism in Cuba would overturn these movements and spread through Latin America.

Vattimo 26 Zabala 2011 (Gianni, Prof. of Theoretical Philosophy @ U of Turin, Santiago, Prof. of Philosophy @ U of Barcelona, Hermeneutic Communism, pgs. 124-131)
The "Bolivarian Revolution" is Chavez’s commitment to twenty first- century socialism."
AND
."5" Given that "neoliberal methods created the third world,"5’ 

There are two scenarios –

First is Freedom:

Cuba is a flagrant, oppressive, and authoritarian regime that is violently holding onto its ways.

Miami Herald 13 ("Human rights under abuse in Cuba," Editorial, April 22nd, Available Online at http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/04/22/3358813/human-rights-under-abuse-in-cuba.html~~23storylink=cpy, Accessed 07-03-2013)
The State Department’s latest report on human-rights
AND
Cuba. Fundamental reform? Not a chance.

The spread of Capitalism and Globalization to Latin America are responsible for most of the progressive good in the world. The root cause of structural violence is a lack of free markets due to authoritarian oppression. Areas that have started to develop must transition to the next level of capitalism or they will be locked in self destruction and misery and it causes mass environmental destruction – answers all their turns.

Goklany 7 (Indur, scholar who has 25 years of experience working and writing on global and national environmental issues. He has published several peer-reviewed papers and book chapters on an array of issues Author of The Improving State of the World: Why We’re Living Longer, Healthier, More Comfortable Lives on a Cleaner Planet, Mar. 23, http://www.reason.com/news/show/119252.html, twm)

Environmentalists and globalization foes are united in their fear that greater population and consumption of
AND
important ideas and institutions that caused it, and ensuring that they endure. 

Failure to move towards democracy sacrifices billions of lives, it’s the internal link to every major scenario. Authoritarian regimes are history’s number one killer, and soft power empirically isn’t enough to transition these regimes – This outweighs every impact in the round, answers all their turns.

Rummel, 09 ~1/10/2009, Rudy Rummel, Professor Emeritus of Political Science, "Why Foster Global Freedom," Democratic Peace, online,  http://democraticpeace.wordpress.com/2009/01/10/page/2/~~
Today, billions of human beings are still subject to impoverishment, exposure, starvation
AND
bloodiest wars. In short, power kills; absolute power kills absolutely.

Cultural Imperialism is a Process of Preserving World Peace and Guaranteeing Survival

Tracinsky 01’ (Robert Tracisnsky, Writer for the Ayn Rand Institute, October 8, 2001, "An Empire of Ideals," http://www.aynrand.org/site/News2?page-NewsArticle26id=739226news_iv_ctrl=1076, wku-tjs
Everyone has finally awakened to
AND
Western ideals, is the best disinfectant. 

Rejecting our threat predictions makes them inevitable and causes ideology fill in

Fitzsimmons 7 ~Michael, Washington DC defense analyst, "The Problem of Uncertainty in Strategic Planning", Survival, Winter 06-07, online~
But handling even this weaker form of
AND
by the decision-makers  themselves. 

Scenario two is stability -

Cuba is economically unstable, failure of economic reform causes civil war

Lopez-Levy ’11 ~Arturo Lopez-Levy, lecturer 26 PhD Candidate at the School of International Studies University of Denver,"Change in Post-Fidel Cuba: Political Liberalization, Economic Reform and Lessons for U.S. Policy" New America Foundation, http://newamerica.net/sites/newamerica.net/files/policydocs/naf_all_cuba_reform_final.pdf~~**

Indeed, if Cuba’s economic reform fails and
AND
of nonpartisan Cuban civil society organizations.

Cuban instability causes Caribbean terrorism, democratic backsliding, and magnifies the risk of global hot spots.

Gorrell ’05 ~18 March 2005, Tim Gorrell, Lieutenant Colonel, "Cuba: The Next Unanticipated Anticipated Strategic Crisis?" http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074~~
Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, Cuba’s
AND
in an effort to facilitate a manageable transition to post-Castro Cuba?

Caribbean terrorism leads to bioweapon attacks on the US

Bryan ’01 ~21 October 2001, Anthony T. Bryan, director of the North-South Center’s Caribbean Program, CFR, Terrorism, Porous Borders, and Homeland Security: The Case for U.S.-Caribbean Cooperation, p. http://www.cfr.org/publication/4844/terrorism_porous_borders_and20_homeland_20security.html~~
Terrorist acts can take place anywhere.
AND
biological weapons within national borders.

Bioterror leads to extinction

Sandberg ’8 ~Anders Sandberg , James Martin Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University; Jason G. Matheny, PhD candidate in Health Policy and Management at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and special consultant to the Center for Biosecurity at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Milan M. ?irkovi?, senior research associate at the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade and assistant professor of physics at the University of Novi Sad in Serbia and Montenegro, 9/8/8, "How can we reduce the risk of human extinction?," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction~~
The risks from anthropogenic hazards appear
AND
improve at a rate rivaling Moore’s Law.

Tournament: Cal Invitational at Berkeley | Round: Octas | Opponent: Barstow DP | Judge: Diego Garcia, Alisha Eastep, Annie Marple

Contention 1 - Food Sovereignty

Mexico’s current agriculture policy is driven by NAFTA, a neoliberal incursion that is destroying indigenous Mexican farming communities - a realignment with indigenous agricultural knowledges in Mexico is key to protect the sustainability and diversity of the world’s food supply.
Bujold 13’ _{(June 29, 2013, Janita Bujold writer for the Twin Cities Daily Planet Newspaper, Interrupted: The co-evolution of seeds and communities,http://www.tcdailyplanet.net/news/2013/06/29/interruptedthe-co-evolution-seeds-and-communities, DPatt)}
In a world full of news stories, one told earlier this week at Carleton
AND
an enduring global concern with economic and ecological implications for every local community.

This is especially true in the context of corn – Large GMOs are overtaking indigenous farming tactics which is key to sustain a polyculture of corn and check a world food crisis.
Johnson 11’ _{("Mexico, cradle of corn, finds its noble grain under assault," February 2, 2011, McClatchy Newspapers, http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2011/02/02/107954/mexico-cradle-of-corn-finds-its.html, DPatt)}
Yank the husks off ears of corn grown in the mountains of southern Mexico,
AND
they know is that the dining room table must have tortillas on it."

Food sovereignty must be protected by states in any trade agreement to reaffirm indigenous cultures as an intrinsic part of agricultural development. The alternative is further liberalization of the agricultural supply leading to mass exploitation of native populations and destruction of world food security – this turns all impacts.
Olson 03’ _{(February 19, 2003, Dennis Olson coordinator, Institute for Agriculture 26 Trade Policy (IATP), Towards Food Sovereignty:  Constructing an Alternative to the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Agriculture, http://nffc.net/Farmers20Worldwide/FoodSovereignty_anAlternative.pdf, DPatt)}
In light of these threats, the principle of food sovereignty must be respected in
AND
in the WTO. These rules even more rigorously facilitate private monopoly rights. 

It is the upmost ethical responsibility of states to protect their nation’s food sovereignty by rejecting the neoliberal destruction of their access to a sustainable domestic food supply
Olson 03’ _{(February 19, 2003, Dennis Olson coordinator, Institute for Agriculture 26 Trade Policy (IATP), Towards Food Sovereignty:  Constructing an Alternative to the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Agriculture, http://nffc.net/Farmers20Worldwide/FoodSovereignty_anAlternative.pdf, DPatt)}
Food Sovereignty is the right of peoples, communities, and countries to define their
AND
and, in many cases, to restore ethnic diversity in production systems. 

The aff is key - the fight for food sovereignty and a reaffirmation of indigenous knowledges in agriculture is the key stepping stone for a wider movement of solidarity to combat Neoliberalism.
Bello 13’ _{(November, 2013, *Walden Bello is a member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, where he is vice chairman of the Committee on Agriculture and represents the party Akbayan (Citizens’ Action Party), "THE BATTLE FOR FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN THE PHILIPPINES: LESSONS FOR THE GLOBAL SOUTH", http://www.smu.ca/webfiles/Bello_WP002_Nov_2013.pdf, DPatt)}
Let me move to the struggle against neoliberalism in agriculture. The Philippines is one
AND
that will truly serve the interests of people, not corporations and elites. 

The liberalization of the agricultural market exacerbated ethnic and patriarchal divides as a means to extend further domination over women and indigenous populations to create a more subservient workforce. Ethically we must investigate the oppression of these silenced groups, and independently this form of marginalization makes Mexican agriculture a space of intersectionality that is key to a greater resistance towards Neoliberalism.
Shaw 11’ _{(Candice Shaw Writer for the McGill Sociological Review, "Global Agro Food Systems: Gendered and Ethnic Inequalities in Mexico’s Agricultural Industry", McGill Sociological Review, Volume 2, April 2011, pp. 92-109, http://www.mcgill.ca/msr/volume2/article6, DPatt)}
When a country enters globalized trade, several changes are made to its economic structure
AND
by women, and the poor remuneration upon entering the agricultural labour force. 

Contention 2 – Slavery on the Border

domestic livelihood of the Mexican worker has forced migrants to escape evisceration in Mexico in trade for commodification and exploitation as a pawn in the U.S. Reforming NAFTA is key to respect the "right to stay home" for the Mexican laborer.
Karlin 13’ _{(9-21-13, Mark Karlin editor of BuzzFlash at Truthout. He served as editor and publisher of BuzzFlash for ten years before joining Truthout in 2010, https://groups.google.com/forum/~~2321topic/alt.politics.socialism.trotsky/G2Fcr1Oe-8w, DPatt)}
MK: How are the extraction, agricultural and food processing industries exploiting workers within
AND
- especially criminalization and guest worker programs - have become global ones also. 

In this symbolic slave trade across the border the migrant becomes a sacrifice to undergo an ontological transformation through the hetertopia of the U.S border. The border is a state of exception, a battleground of unfettered ontological warfare that homogenizes populations into psychological invisibility where the immigrant is transformed into the "illegal alien" simultaneously transcending into bare life.
Morales 95’ _{(Alejandro, Professor of Chicano/Latino Studies at the University of California, Irvine, "Dynamic identities in heterotopia," Bilingual Review, Sepember-December, Vol. 20 Issue 3, http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=ffbe01ad-af3b-4bcb-8330 6b3827271a3f40sessionmgr11426vid=126hid=12226bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl~23db=aph26AN=9610220106.)}
¶ Davis’s description alludes to a new meaning of urbanism in a border region.
AND
fixed, that nothing is certain in the Southwestern heterotopia border zone. biopower

We internalize the ideals of border-thinking—the disciplinary capacities of border security reach into the very core of human being and reduce life to mere calculability.
Ajana 05’ _{~Btihaj, 2005 "Surveillance and Biopolitics," Electronic Journal of Sociology. RH~}
Subtle, internalised, and smooth (but not all too smooth) as it
AND
basis for the exercising and fixing of identity and citizenship at the border.

Plan: The United States federal government should establish a bilateral trade agreement with the Mexico to designate agricultural commodities as exempt from trade liberalization and establish special protectionist safeguard mechanisms.

Contention 3 – Framing

Questioning neoliberal policy making first is key- otherwise policy analysis is predetermined in favor of the market.

Murphy 05’ (John, Globalization with a Human Face, pg 11-13)
The process of development, now commonly referred to as globalization, has been analyzed
AND
a new relationship between globalization and those who are affected by this activity. 

Utilitarianism is the calculative logic of neoliberalism and discourse for genocide.  It conceals the establishment of a good humanity, by the elites of the market and the violent extermination of those who do not fit within this category.

Narkunas ’07 – Prof. at CUNY (J. Paul, "Utilitarian Humanism: Culture in the Service of Regulating "We Other Humans", Theory and Event, 10:3, 2007, Project Muse, DS)

The World Culture Reports measure culture through normalizing human practices that are useful, calculating
AND
any disturbance in the utilitarian image of the human it institutionalizes as cultural. 

The distinction between radical withdrawal and reform from neoliberalism is distinctly Eurocentric – radical overthrows take the ’with-us-or-against-us’ logic of capitalist hegemony and catastrophically apply it to resistance — only the aff allows for autonomist struggle
Day ’5 Richard, professor in the department of global development at Queen’s University "Gramsci is Dead: Anarchist Currents in the Newest Social Movements" http://www.scribd.com/doc/19280772/Gramsci-is-Dead

There is no longer the division between reform and revolution, not because the reasons
AND
—and severely limit—their ability to comprehend contemporary radical social movements.

Tournament: March Madness | Round: 1 | Opponent: Southside Jones Team | Judge: Joe Kieklak
Contention 1 - Food Sovereignty
Mexico’s current agriculture policy is driven by NAFTA, a neoliberal incursion that is destroying indigenous Mexican farming communities - a realignment with indigenous agricultural knowledges in Mexico is key to protect the sustainability and diversity of the world’s food supply.
Bujold 13’ (June 29, 2013, Janita Bujold writer for the Twin Cities Daily Planet Newspaper, Interrupted: The co-evolution of seeds and communities,http://www.tcdailyplanet.net/news/2013/06/29/interruptedthe-co-evolution-seeds-and-communities, DPatt)
In a world full of news stories, one told earlier this week at Carleton
AND
an enduring global concern with economic and ecological implications for every local community.

This is especially true in the context of corn – Large GMOs are overtaking indigenous farming tactics which is key to sustain a polyculture of corn and check a world food crisis.
Johnson 11’ ("Mexico, cradle of corn, finds its noble grain under assault," February 2, 2011, McClatchy Newspapers, http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2011/02/02/107954/mexico-cradle-of-corn-finds-its.html, DPatt)
Yank the husks off ears of corn grown in the mountains of southern Mexico,
AND
they know is that the dining room table must have tortillas on it."

Food sovereignty must be protected by states in any trade agreement to reaffirm indigenous cultures as an intrinsic part of agricultural development. The alternative is further liberalization of the agricultural supply leading to mass exploitation of native populations and destruction of world food security – this turns all impacts.
Olson 03’ (February 19, 2003, Dennis Olson coordinator, Institute for Agriculture 26 Trade Policy (IATP), Towards Food Sovereignty:  Constructing an Alternative to the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Agriculture, http://nffc.net/Farmers20Worldwide/FoodSovereignty_anAlternative.pdf, DPatt)
In light of these threats, the principle of food sovereignty must be respected in
AND
in the WTO. These rules even more rigorously facilitate private monopoly rights. 

It is the upmost ethical responsibility of states to protect their nation’s food sovereignty by rejecting the neoliberal destruction of their access to a sustainable domestic food supply
Olson 03’ (February 19, 2003, Dennis Olson coordinator, Institute for Agriculture 26 Trade Policy (IATP), Towards Food Sovereignty:  Constructing an Alternative to the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Agriculture, http://nffc.net/Farmers20Worldwide/FoodSovereignty_anAlternative.pdf, DPatt)
Food Sovereignty is the right of peoples, communities, and countries to define their
AND
and, in many cases, to restore ethnic diversity in production systems. 

The aff is key - the fight for food sovereignty and a reaffirmation of indigenous knowledges in agriculture is the key stepping stone for a wider movement of solidarity to combat Neoliberalism.
Bello 13’ (November, 2013, *Walden Bello is a member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, where he is vice chairman of the Committee on Agriculture and represents the party Akbayan (Citizens’ Action Party), "THE BATTLE FOR FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN THE PHILIPPINES: LESSONS FOR THE GLOBAL SOUTH", http://www.smu.ca/webfiles/Bello_WP002_Nov_2013.pdf, DPatt)
Let me move to the struggle against neoliberalism in agriculture. The Philippines is one
AND
that will truly serve the interests of people, not corporations and elites. 

The liberalization of the agricultural market exacerbated ethnic and patriarchal divides as a means to extend further domination over women and indigenous populations to create a more subservient workforce. Ethically we must investigate the oppression of these silenced groups, and independently this form of marginalization makes Mexican agriculture a space of intersectionality that is key to a greater resistance towards Neoliberalism.
Shaw 11’ (Candice Shaw Writer for the McGill Sociological Review, "Global Agro Food Systems: Gendered and Ethnic Inequalities in Mexico’s Agricultural Industry", McGill Sociological Review, Volume 2, April 2011, pp. 92-109, http://www.mcgill.ca/msr/volume2/article6, DPatt)
When a country enters globalized trade, several changes are made to its economic structure
AND
by women, and the poor remuneration upon entering the agricultural labour force. 

Contention 2 – Slavery on the Border
domestic livelihood of the Mexican worker has forced migrants to escape evisceration in Mexico in trade for commodification and exploitation as a pawn in the U.S. Reforming NAFTA is key to respect the "right to stay home" for the Mexican laborer.
Karlin 13’ (9-21-13, Mark Karlin editor of BuzzFlash at Truthout. He served as editor and publisher of BuzzFlash for ten years before joining Truthout in 2010, https://groups.google.com/forum/~~2321topic/alt.politics.socialism.trotsky/G2Fcr1Oe-8w, DPatt)
MK: How are the extraction, agricultural and food processing industries exploiting workers within
AND
- especially criminalization and guest worker programs - have become global ones also. 

In this symbolic slave trade across the border the migrant becomes a sacrifice to undergo an ontological transformation through the hetertopia of the U.S border. The border is a state of exception, a battleground of unfettered ontological warfare that homogenizes populations into psychological invisibility where the immigrant is transformed into the "illegal alien" simultaneously transcending into bare life.
Morales 95’ (Alejandro, Professor of Chicano/Latino Studies at the University of California, Irvine, "Dynamic identities in heterotopia," Bilingual Review, Sepember-December, Vol. 20 Issue 3, http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=ffbe01ad-af3b-4bcb-8330 6b3827271a3f40sessionmgr11426vid=126hid=12226bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl23db=aph26AN=9610220106.)
¶ Davis’s description alludes to a new meaning of urbanism in a border region.
AND
fixed, that nothing is certain in the Southwestern heterotopia border zone. biopower

We internalize the ideals of border-thinking—the disciplinary capacities of border security reach into the very core of human being and reduce life to mere calculability.
Ajana 05’ Btihaj, 2005 "Surveillance and Biopolitics," Electronic Journal of Sociology. RH
Subtle, internalised, and smooth (but not all too smooth) as it
AND
basis for the exercising and fixing of identity and citizenship at the border.

Plan: The United States federal government should establish a bilateral trade agreement with the Mexico to designate agricultural commodities as exempt from trade liberalization and establish special protectionist safeguard mechanisms.

Contention 3 – Framing
Questioning neoliberal policy making first is key- otherwise policy analysis is predetermined in favor of the market.
Murphy 05’ (John, Globalization with a Human Face, pg 11-13)
The process of development, now commonly referred to as globalization, has been analyzed
AND
a new relationship between globalization and those who are affected by this activity. 

Utilitarianism is the calculative logic of neoliberalism and discourse for genocide.  It conceals the establishment of a good humanity, by the elites of the market and the violent extermination of those who do not fit within this category.
Narkunas ’07 – Prof. at CUNY (J. Paul, "Utilitarian Humanism: Culture in the Service of Regulating "We Other Humans", Theory and Event, 10:3, 2007, Project Muse, DS)

The World Culture Reports measure culture through normalizing human practices that are useful, calculating
AND
any disturbance in the utilitarian image of the human it institutionalizes as cultural. 

The distinction between radical withdrawal and reform from neoliberalism is distinctly Eurocentric – radical overthrows take the ’with-us-or-against-us’ logic of capitalist hegemony and catastrophically apply it to resistance — only the aff allows for autonomist struggle
Day ’5 Richard, professor in the department of global development at Queen’s University "Gramsci is Dead: Anarchist Currents in the Newest Social Movements" http://www.scribd.com/doc/19280772/Gramsci-is-Dead

There is no longer the division between reform and revolution, not because the reasons
AND
—and severely limit—their ability to comprehend contemporary radical social movements.

Tournament: Woodward | Round: 1 | Opponent: Rowland Hall LG | Judge: Marshall, K 14
Contention 1 - Food Sovereignty
Mexico’s current agriculture policy is driven by NAFTA, a neoliberal incursion that is destroying indigenous Mexican farming communities - a realignment with indigenous agricultural knowledges in Mexico is key to protect the sustainability and diversity of the world’s food supply.
Bujold 13’ (June 29, 2013, Janita Bujold writer for the Twin Cities Daily Planet Newspaper, Interrupted: The co-evolution of seeds and communities,http://www.tcdailyplanet.net/news/2013/06/29/interruptedthe-co-evolution-seeds-and-communities, DPatt)
In a world full of news stories, one told earlier this week at Carleton
AND
an enduring global concern with economic and ecological implications for every local community.

This is especially true in the context of corn – Large GMOs are overtaking indigenous farming tactics which is key to sustain a polyculture of corn and check a world food crisis.
Johnson 11’ ("Mexico, cradle of corn, finds its noble grain under assault," February 2, 2011, McClatchy Newspapers, http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2011/02/02/107954/mexico-cradle-of-corn-finds-its.html, DPatt)
Yank the husks off ears of corn grown in the mountains of southern Mexico,
AND
they know is that the dining room table must have tortillas on it."

Food sovereignty must be protected by states in any trade agreement to reaffirm indigenous cultures as an intrinsic part of agricultural development. The alternative is further liberalization of the agricultural supply leading to mass exploitation of native populations and destruction of world food security – this turns all impacts.
Olson 03’ (February 19, 2003, Dennis Olson coordinator, Institute for Agriculture 26 Trade Policy (IATP), Towards Food Sovereignty:  Constructing an Alternative to the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Agriculture, http://nffc.net/Farmers20Worldwide/FoodSovereignty_anAlternative.pdf, DPatt)
In light of these threats, the principle of food sovereignty must be respected in
AND
in the WTO. These rules even more rigorously facilitate private monopoly rights. 

It is the upmost ethical responsibility of states to protect their nation’s food sovereignty by rejecting the neoliberal destruction of their access to a sustainable domestic food supply
Olson 03’ (February 19, 2003, Dennis Olson coordinator, Institute for Agriculture 26 Trade Policy (IATP), Towards Food Sovereignty:  Constructing an Alternative to the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Agriculture, http://nffc.net/Farmers20Worldwide/FoodSovereignty_anAlternative.pdf, DPatt)
Food Sovereignty is the right of peoples, communities, and countries to define their
AND
and, in many cases, to restore ethnic diversity in production systems. 

The aff is key - the fight for food sovereignty and a reaffirmation of indigenous knowledges in agriculture is the key stepping stone for a wider movement of solidarity to combat Neoliberalism.
Bello 13’ (November, 2013, *Walden Bello is a member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, where he is vice chairman of the Committee on Agriculture and represents the party Akbayan (Citizens’ Action Party), "THE BATTLE FOR FOOD SOVEREIGNTY IN THE PHILIPPINES: LESSONS FOR THE GLOBAL SOUTH", http://www.smu.ca/webfiles/Bello_WP002_Nov_2013.pdf, DPatt)
Let me move to the struggle against neoliberalism in agriculture. The Philippines is one
AND
that will truly serve the interests of people, not corporations and elites. 

The liberalization of the agricultural market exacerbated ethnic and patriarchal divides as a means to extend further domination over women and indigenous populations to create a more subservient workforce. Ethically we must investigate the oppression of these silenced groups, and independently this form of marginalization makes Mexican agriculture a space of intersectionality that is key to a greater resistance towards Neoliberalism.
Shaw 11’ (Candice Shaw Writer for the McGill Sociological Review, "Global Agro Food Systems: Gendered and Ethnic Inequalities in Mexico’s Agricultural Industry", McGill Sociological Review, Volume 2, April 2011, pp. 92-109, http://www.mcgill.ca/msr/volume2/article6, DPatt)
When a country enters globalized trade, several changes are made to its economic structure
AND
by women, and the poor remuneration upon entering the agricultural labour force. 

Contention 2 – Slavery on the Border
domestic livelihood of the Mexican worker has forced migrants to escape evisceration in Mexico in trade for commodification and exploitation as a pawn in the U.S. Reforming NAFTA is key to respect the "right to stay home" for the Mexican laborer.
Karlin 13’ (9-21-13, Mark Karlin editor of BuzzFlash at Truthout. He served as editor and publisher of BuzzFlash for ten years before joining Truthout in 2010, https://groups.google.com/forum/~~2321topic/alt.politics.socialism.trotsky/G2Fcr1Oe-8w, DPatt)
MK: How are the extraction, agricultural and food processing industries exploiting workers within
AND
- especially criminalization and guest worker programs - have become global ones also. 

In this symbolic slave trade across the border the migrant becomes a sacrifice to undergo an ontological transformation through the hetertopia of the U.S border. The border is a state of exception, a battleground of unfettered ontological warfare that homogenizes populations into psychological invisibility where the immigrant is transformed into the "illegal alien" simultaneously transcending into bare life.
Morales 95’ (Alejandro, Professor of Chicano/Latino Studies at the University of California, Irvine, "Dynamic identities in heterotopia," Bilingual Review, Sepember-December, Vol. 20 Issue 3, http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=ffbe01ad-af3b-4bcb-8330 6b3827271a3f40sessionmgr11426vid=126hid=12226bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl23db=aph26AN=9610220106.)
¶ Davis’s description alludes to a new meaning of urbanism in a border region.
AND
fixed, that nothing is certain in the Southwestern heterotopia border zone. biopower

We internalize the ideals of border-thinking—the disciplinary capacities of border security reach into the very core of human being and reduce life to mere calculability.
Ajana 05’ Btihaj, 2005 "Surveillance and Biopolitics," Electronic Journal of Sociology. RH
Subtle, internalised, and smooth (but not all too smooth) as it
AND
basis for the exercising and fixing of identity and citizenship at the border.

Plan: The United States federal government should establish a bilateral trade agreement with the Mexico to designate agricultural commodities as exempt from trade liberalization and establish special protectionist safeguard mechanisms.

Contention 3 – Framing
Questioning neoliberal policy making first is key- otherwise policy analysis is predetermined in favor of the market.
Murphy 05’ (John, Globalization with a Human Face, pg 11-13)
The process of development, now commonly referred to as globalization, has been analyzed
AND
a new relationship between globalization and those who are affected by this activity. 

Utilitarianism is the calculative logic of neoliberalism and discourse for genocide.  It conceals the establishment of a good humanity, by the elites of the market and the violent extermination of those who do not fit within this category.
Narkunas ’07 – Prof. at CUNY (J. Paul, "Utilitarian Humanism: Culture in the Service of Regulating "We Other Humans", Theory and Event, 10:3, 2007, Project Muse, DS)

The World Culture Reports measure culture through normalizing human practices that are useful, calculating
AND
any disturbance in the utilitarian image of the human it institutionalizes as cultural. 

The distinction between radical withdrawal and reform from neoliberalism is distinctly Eurocentric – radical overthrows take the ’with-us-or-against-us’ logic of capitalist hegemony and catastrophically apply it to resistance — only the aff allows for autonomist struggle
Day ’5 Richard, professor in the department of global development at Queen’s University "Gramsci is Dead: Anarchist Currents in the Newest Social Movements" http://www.scribd.com/doc/19280772/Gramsci-is-Dead

There is no longer the division between reform and revolution, not because the reasons
AND
—and severely limit—their ability to comprehend contemporary radical social movements.

Tournament: Woodward | Round: 4 | Opponent: Milton FM | Judge: Davis, J 14
Same

Tournament: Cal Invitational at Berkeley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Kent Denver CW | Judge: Kevin Woodruff
Same

Tournament: Cal Invitational at Berkeley | Round: 7 | Opponent: Harker HL | Judge: Seth Zawila
Same

Tournament: Heritage Hall | Round: 4 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley DB | Judge: Eli Brennan
Same

Tournament: Heritage Hall | Round: 6 | Opponent: Dowling Catholic WZ | Judge: Danie Masterson
Same

Tournament: Heritage Hall | Round: Octas | Opponent: CE Byrd GN | Judge: Shae Bunas, Gabe Murillo, Tommy Snider
Same

Tournament: Cal Invitational at Berkeley | Round: 1 | Opponent: College Prep CS | Judge: Ronald Cervantes
Same

Tournament: Cal Invitational at Berkeley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Wayzata JL | Judge: Kyle Weber
Same