Tournament: 1AC | Round: 1 | Opponent: na | Judge:
PLAN: the United States Federal Government should revise the Dolphin Protection Consumer Information Act to enforce international standards and allow Mexican fishers to attain dolphin-safe status
Contention 1 is Biodiversity:
Dolphins are dying in the status quo- hurts Eastern Tropical Pacific Stocks- multiple warrants
Edwards 7 (Elizabeth, Director at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, “Fishery Effects on Dolphins Targeted by Tuna Purse-seiners in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean” International Journal of Comparative Psychology, DOA 7/17/13, Keerthi)
However, despite this dramatic decrease… population recovery of ETP dolphins
Also leads to disruption of normal mammalian activities---this has huge implications for the survival of the species.
Edwards 7 (Elizabeth, Director at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, “Fishery Effects on Dolphins Targeted by Tuna Purse-seiners in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean” International Journal of Comparative Psychology, DOA 7/17/13, Keerthi)
The stress literature review summarized… magnitude of these effects are not available (Curry, 1999; Reilly et
It’s not too late to act- East Pacific Dolphins on the brink – play key to solve
Fears 13 “Dolphin Protection, Tuna Catch in Conflict for U.S., Mexico” Darryl Fears; Washington Post; 05/13/2013
http://www.denverpost.com/nationworld/ci_23231971/dolphin-protection-tuna-catch-conflict-u-s-mexico#ixzz2ZUOvHDG3
No place in the ocean… including wildlife like dolphins.
Dolphins are the lynchpin of ecosystems
Wells et al. 4 (Randall Wells, Rhinehart, Howard; Hansen, Larry; Sweeney, Jay; Townsend, Forrest; Stone, Rae; Casper, David R.; Scott, Michael; Hohn, Aleta; Rowles, Teri, September 04, “Bottlenose Dolphins as Marine Ecosystem Sentinels: Developing a Health Monitoring System,” EcoHealth, Volume 1, Number 3, pp. 246-254)
Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), as… including wildlife like dolphins.
Dolphins are the lynchpin of ecosystems
Wells et al. 4 (Randall Wells, Rhinehart, Howard; Hansen, Larry; Sweeney, Jay; Townsend, Forrest; Stone, Rae; Casper, David R.; Scott, Michael; Hohn, Aleta; Rowles, Teri, September 04, “Bottlenose Dolphins as Marine Ecosystem Sentinels: Developing a Health Monitoring System,” EcoHealth, Volume 1, Number 3, pp. 246-254)
Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), as… quantitative approaches are also being explored.
Independently, ocean ecosystem destruction will ensure planetary extinction?
Craig 03 – Associate Professor at Indiana University School of Law Robin Kundis, “Taking Steps Toward Marine Wilderness Protection”, McGeorge Law Review, Winter, 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155, LN
Biodiversity and ecosystem function arguments… Sea is not necessarily unique.
All life depends on healthy oceans.
NOAA 1998 (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1998 Year of the Ocean Report, http://www.yoto98.noaa.gov/yoto/meeting/mar_env_316.html)
¶ The ocean plays a critical role … continues at its current pace.
AND, the Gulf is a key ocean biodiversity hotspot
Brenner 8 – Jorge Brenner, March 14th, 2008, "Guarding the Gulf of Mexico's valuable resources" www.scidev.net/en/opinions/guarding-the-gulf-of-mexico-s-valuable-resources.html
Rich in biodiversity and habitats¶… the climate of western Europe.
AND, no resiliency in the Gulf
Kundis 11 – Robin Kundis Craig, Attorneys’ Title Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Environmental Programs, Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, Florida, December 20th, 2011, "Legal Remedies for Deep Marine Oil Spills and Long-Term Ecological Resilience: A Match Made in Hell," lawreview.byu.edu/articles/1326405133_03craig.fin.pdf
Ecological resilience and resilience theory… U.S. waters, however, suggests otherwise.
AND, loss of ecosystems causes extinction
Clark and Downes 6
Dana Clark, Center for International Environmental Law, and David Downes, US Interior Dept. Policy Analysis Senior Trade Advisor, 2006, What price biodiversity?, http://www.ciel.org/Publications/summary.html
Biodiversity is the diversity of life on… rejuvenation through contact with nature.
Loss of biodiversity turns evolution and resiliency – simple ecosystems are more susceptible to collapse and recovery is impossible- keystone species outweigh regular extinctions.
Keim 11 (Brandon Keim, Freelance Science Journalist, Wired Science, October 26, 2011 “Mass Species Loss Stunts Evolution for Millions of Years,” citing “Delayed recovery of non-marine tetrapods after the end-Permian mass extinction tracks global carbon cycle.” By Randall B. Irmis and Jessica H. Whiteside. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Vol. 278 No. 1723, Oct. 26, 2011. )
Ecological chaos reigned, with slight… are to make good choices.”
Recent international accords verify our “prior question” claim---dolphins fall under deontological and utilitarian calculus
Bridgeman 6/12 (Laura, 2013, “What India’s Decision to Ban Dolphin Captivity Means,” Earth Island Journal Magazine, http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/elist/eListRead/what_indias_decision_to_ban_dolphin_captivity_means/, Accessed 7/25/13, Keerthi)
The Indian Ministry of Environment… other countries should take notice.
Plan empirically solves reduction in dolphin deaths
Henderson 13
“Obama Administration Sides With Consumers and Stands Firm on ¶ ‘Dolphin-Safe’ Tuna Labels; Will the WTO Authorize Trade Sanctions ¶ Against the U.S.?” Maggie Henderson July 12, 2013¶ http://www.citizen.org/documents/press-release-noaa-dolphin-tuna-rule-july-2013.pdf
NOAA’s new policy, supported by Public Citizen… dollars” for dolphin-safe methods.
Contention 2 is Relations
US standards towards Mexico are singled out as unfair- WTO ruling proves
Suzanne Goldenberg, May 16, 2012. The Guardian Newspaper, “US’s dolphin-safe tuna labels banned by court calling them 'unfair' to Mexico”, Suzanna Goldenberg, US environment correspondent through the Guardian Newspaper
The international trade court has… to his country's fishing fleets.
The plan puts verification proposal into action and revises all necessary legal obstacles to solve the dispute
Smith 13 (Fran, Adjunct Fellow with the Competitive Enterprise Institute, founder of the International Consumers for Civil Society, BA from University of New Orleans and MA from the State University of NY at Buffalo, 4/10/13, “NOAA Proposes Tuna-Dolphin Regulations To Comply With WTO Ruling,” Open Market is the Blog of the Competitive Enterprise Institute, http://www.openmarket.org/2013/04/10/noaa-proposes-tuna-dolphin-regulations-to-comply-with-wto-ruling/, DOA 7/11/13, Keerthi)
To comply with a World… Convention’s impact on international trade.)
The question of labeling has been a pressure-point issue for the US and Mexico for decades- resolution of this issue boosts relations
Palmer, 13 Doug Palmer, Contributor for Reuters, “U.S. tuna plan pleases conservationists, upsets Mexican industry,” Reuters, http://mobile.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSBRE93918P20130410//SGarg
Mexico has been battling the… Editing by Tim Ahmann and Paul Simao)
Increased US-Mexico relations key to stop the spread of organized crime drug trafficking
Olson 9 (Eric L., M.A., International Affairs, American University; B.A., History and Secondary Education, Trinity College, Associate Director of the Latin American Program at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, as a Senior Specialist in the Department for Promotion of Good Governance at the Organization of American States, January 2009, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/The20U.S.20and20Mexico.20Towards20a20Strategic20Partnership.pdf)
It is time to strengthen the…the reach of organized crime
Independently, US commitment is uniquely key --- prevents spillover and instability in Latin America
Shirk 11 (David A., Associate Professor, Political Science, and Director, Trans-Border Institute, University of San Diego, “The Drug War in Mexico Confronting a Shared Threat”, March 2011, pg. 26-27)
The opportunity for effective U.S… the harms associated with drugs.
Latin America instability causes extinction
Manwaring 5 (Max G., Retired U.S. Army colonel and an Adjunct Professor of International Politics at Dickinson College, venezuela’s hugo chávez, bolivarian socialism, and asymmetric warfare, October 2005, pg. PUB628.pdf)
President Chávez also understands that… global security, peace, and prosperity.65