Tournament: Bronx | Round: 2 | Opponent: NFA HS | Judge: John Fowle
PLAN: The United States federal government should offer to increase trade with The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela if it complies with the standards of the International Ship and Port Facility Security Program code set by International Maritime Organization.
1AC - Terrorism
Venezuela is a critical nexus for narcotic-trafficking – leads to Iranian influence and makes the war on terror inevitably fail
Neumann 11 – Senior Fellow of the Foreign Policy Research Institute and is co-chair of FPRI’s Manhattan Initiative (Vanessa, “THE NEW NEXUS OF NARCOTERRORISM:
HEZBOLLAH AND VENEZUELA”, Foreign Policy Research Institute, Dec, 2011, http://www.fpri.org/enotes/2011/201112.neumann.narcoterrorism.html, Daehyun)
Press stories, as well as a television documentary ... whether or not President Chávez remains in power.

Venezuela plays a make or break role --- it’s key to end the growing narco alliance
Farah 11 - Senior Fellow, International Assessment and Strategy Center  Adjunct Fellow, Center for Strategic and International Studies (Douglas, “The U.S.?Caribbean Shared Security Partnership: Responding to the  Growth of Trafficking and Narcotics in the Caribbean”, Dec 15, 2011, http://www.strategycenter.net/docLib/20111216_Farah_CaribbeanNarcotics_1215.pdf, Daehyun)
*ALBA= Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America

In 2004, presidents Hugo Chávez of Venezuela and Fidel Castro of Cuba announced...narcotics proceeds in exchange for payments to corrupt government officials

These narco terror groups will strike the U.S. --- the military establishment has already identified it as a top threat
Shinkman, 13 --- national security reporter at U.S. News and World Report (4/24/2013, Paul D., “Iranian-Sponsored Narco-Terrorism in Venezuela: How Will Maduro Respond? New Venezuelan president at a crossroads for major threat to U.S.,” http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/04/24/iranian-sponsored-narco-terrorism-in-venezuela-how-will-maduro-respond, JMP)

At a conference earlier this … with the ever-charismatic Chavez.

The impact is an attack on US soil
NTA 8 – trusted source for homeland security news and information(National Terror Alert, “U.S. Officials Worry Terrorists Could Align With Drug Cartels,” 10-9, http://www.nationalterroralert.com/2008/10/09/us-officials-worry-terrorists-could-align-with-drug-cartels/)

There is real danger that Islamic …s in the Middle East and elsewhere.

Nuclear War
Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington
(Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)

But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a catastrophic interstate nuclear exchange...would probably still meet with a devastating response.

The plan creates an explicit incentive for Venezuela to implement effective port security standards – the alternative is continued terrorism
Edwards 8 – Edwards: double-majoring in International Affairs and Political Science at the University of Georgia, Dr. Christopher Allen was his faculty member, political science professor at the University of Georgia(Nathaniel and Christopher, “Increasing Trade Security: United States-Venezuelan Trade Incentives”, 2008, http://juro.uga.edu/2008/2008papers/Edwards2008.pdf, Daehyun)

Improving national security in the United States requires...the major exports of Venezuela, and the major American imports from Venezuela.  

The plan spills over to energy and anti-terror cooperation – it overcomes alt causes
Edwards 8 – Edwards: double-majoring in International Affairs and Political Science at the University of Georgia, Dr. Christopher Allen was his faculty member, political science professor at the University of Georgia(Nathaniel and Christopher, “Increasing Trade Security: United States-Venezuelan Trade Incentives”, 2008, http://juro.uga.edu/2008/2008papers/Edwards2008.pdf, Daehyun)

Implementing a security cooperative with Venezuela...gratification for making security upgrades.

Expanded energy cooperation ensures Venezuelan stability and Maduro’s grip on power
Campbell, 13 (4/16/2013, Darren, “A new leader could signal change for Venezuela’s troubled oil and gas sector; If Nicolas Maduro can reverse the industry's decline, it could siphon off investment in Alberta's oil sands,” http://www.albertaoilmagazine.com/2013/04/a-new-leader-could-signal-change-for-venenzuelas-oil-and-gas-sector/, JMP)

That’s because Venezuelan heavy oil is a competitor...Maduro’s administration performs.

Triggers nuclear war and extinction
Manwaring ‘5 – adjunct professor of international politics at Dickinson
(Max G., Retired U.S. Army colonel, Venezuela’s Hugo Chávez, Bolivarian Socialism, and Asymmetric Warfare, October 2005, pg. PUB628.pdf, Wake Early Bird File)

President Chávez also understands that the process leading to..., the more they and their associated problems endanger global security, peace, and prosperity.65

Maduro is pragmatic on economic matters and will say yes – boosting his credibility is the only way to ensure reform
Mander 13 – Journalist at the Financial Times, his father’s a British Baronet and has a Wikipedia Page(Benedict, “Hugo Chávez: His legacy at stake”, Aug 19, 2013, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e5ca6e64-05ce-11e3-8ed5-00144feab7de.html#axzz2de2NyO4W, Daehyun)

But since Chávez’s death in March...the revolution’s socialist goals have paralysed decision making.

1AC - Relations

Expanded economic ties with Venezuela allows the U.S. to secure regional influence
Delahunt, 12 --- chairman of the Venezuela-US Friendship Group and retired U.S. Representative (10/30/2012, William, “A new role for the US and Venezuela,” http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2012/10/30/podium-venezuela/EJ6Jd2yRKfaJ76HYrXb4WJ/story.html, JMP)

The recent election in Venezuela... is prepared to respond favorably to such an initiative.

Positive engagement is the only solution – Venezuela is uniquely key to Latin American relations
Griffin 13 — editorial writer for the Harvard Crimson (John Griffin, The Harvard Crimson, 04-03-13, “Engage with Venezuela”, http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2013/4/3/Harvard-Venezuela-Chavez-death/#, Accessed 07-01-2013 | AK)

When Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez died in early February... we started trying to catch them with honey.

U.S.-Latin American ties key to address climate change
O’Neil, 7/16 --- Senior Fellow for Latin America Studies at CFR (7/16/2013, Shannon K., “Latin America’s Secret Success Story,” http://blogs.cfr.org/oneil/2013/07/16/latin-americas-secret-success-story/, JMP)

For the start of the Biennial of the Americas conference...look toward its hemispheric neighbors, who have much to impart.

Warming is real and anthropogenic –emissions reductions are key to avoid dangerous climate disruptions
Somerville 11 – Professor of Oceanography @ UCSD
(Richard Somerville, Distinguished Professor Emeritus and Research Professor at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, Coordinating Lead Author in Working Group I for the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 3-8-2011, “CLIMATE SCIENCE AND EPA'S GREENHOUSE GAS REGULATIONS,” CQ Congressional Testimony, Lexis)

1n early 2007, at the time of the publication of WG1 of AR4... five to ten years, reaching near zero well within this century.

Warming is an existential risk – quickening reductions is key to avoiding extinction
Mazo 10 – PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA
(Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, “Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it,” pg. 122)

The best estimates for global warming to the end...mean profound social, cultural and political changes.

Runaway warming will make adaption impossible – emission cuts now are key
Hansen 8  (Professor of Earth and Environmental Science James E. Hanson, head of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York City and adjunct professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Science at Columbia University, Al Gore’s science advisor, “Briefing before the Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming,” US House of Representatives, 6-23-2008, “Twenty years later: tipping points near on global warming,” http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/2008/TwentyYearsLater_20080623.pdf)

Fast feedbacks—changes...A major casualty in all this will be wildlife.

1AC Solvency

The plan boosts trade relations and avoids political confrontation with Venezuela
Edwards 8 – Edwards: double-majoring in International Affairs and Political Science at the University of Georgia, Dr. Christopher Allen was his faculty member, political science professor at the University of Georgia(Nathaniel and Christopher, “Increasing Trade Security: United States-Venezuelan Trade Incentives”, 2008, http://juro.uga.edu/2008/2008papers/Edwards2008.pdf, Daehyun)

Abstract: Trade with Venezuela has risen...as noting inherent benefits of trade systems.

The plan solves --- provides the critical incentive for Venezuela to adopt the ISPS standards
Edwards 8 – Edwards: double-majoring in International Affairs and Political Science at the University of Georgia, Dr. Christopher Allen was his faculty member, political science professor at the University of Georgia(Nathaniel and Christopher, “Increasing Trade Security: United States-Venezuelan Trade Incentives”, 2008, http://juro.uga.edu/2008/2008papers/Edwards2008.pdf, Daehyun)

It is widely believed that increased security...even those who may be exempt from IMO’s ISPS code.

Venezuela will say yes --- it prioritizes trade relations
Jamison 13 – writer, studying international politics at Georgetown (Anne, “Maduro Venezuela: He Won't Usher in a New Era Of U.S.-Venezuela Relations, and That's OK”, April, Policy Mic Network)

The April 19 inauguration of Nicolás Maduro...relationship is intact, and that is their priority.

The ISPS is successful --- fosters international cooperation and provides regional flexibility
Timien 7 - Head of the Baltic and International Maritime Council’s (BIMCO)  Security and International Affairs  Department(Thomas, “The ISPS Code: Where are we now?”, Apr, 2007, http://www.fswg.org/files/DDF/ISPS20Code20-20Where20are20we20now20-20Cargo20Security20International20CSIA20204-5200720(article).pdf, Daehyun)

Beginning with the former, the  United States Coast Guard...still  have quite some catching up to do.

Boosting counter narcotics cooperation is feasible --- would put the ball in Venezuela’s court
Mannes 9 – American writer, former Director of Research at the Middle East Media Research Institute(Aaron, “Mind the Gap: Reinstituting Counternarcotics Cooperation with Venezuela”, Jul 22, 2009, http://terrorwonk.blogspot.com/2009/07/mind-gap-reinstituting-counternarcotics.html, Daehyun)

The GAO’s recent report...a real gap in hemispheric security.

Tournament: Yale | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bronx Science GK | Judge: Celia Laricchia
PLAN: The United States federal government should offer to increase trade with The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela if it complies with the standards of the International Ship and Port Facility Security Program code set by International Maritime Organization.
1AC - Terrorism
Venezuela is a critical nexus for narcotic-trafficking – leads to Iranian influence and makes the war on terror inevitably fail
Neumann 11 – Senior Fellow of the Foreign Policy Research Institute and is co-chair of FPRI’s Manhattan Initiative (Vanessa, “THE NEW NEXUS OF NARCOTERRORISM:
HEZBOLLAH AND VENEZUELA”, Foreign Policy Research Institute, Dec, 2011, http://www.fpri.org/enotes/2011/201112.neumann.narcoterrorism.html, Daehyun)
Press stories, as well as a television documentary ... whether or not President Chávez remains in power.

Venezuela plays a make or break role --- it’s key to end the growing narco alliance
Farah 11 - Senior Fellow, International Assessment and Strategy Center  Adjunct Fellow, Center for Strategic and International Studies (Douglas, “The U.S.?Caribbean Shared Security Partnership: Responding to the  Growth of Trafficking and Narcotics in the Caribbean”, Dec 15, 2011, http://www.strategycenter.net/docLib/20111216_Farah_CaribbeanNarcotics_1215.pdf, Daehyun)
*ALBA= Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America

In 2004, presidents Hugo Chávez of Venezuela and Fidel Castro of Cuba announced...narcotics proceeds in exchange for payments to corrupt government officials

These narco terror groups will strike the U.S. --- the military establishment has already identified it as a top threat
Shinkman, 13 --- national security reporter at U.S. News and World Report (4/24/2013, Paul D., “Iranian-Sponsored Narco-Terrorism in Venezuela: How Will Maduro Respond? New Venezuelan president at a crossroads for major threat to U.S.,” http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/04/24/iranian-sponsored-narco-terrorism-in-venezuela-how-will-maduro-respond, JMP)

At a conference earlier this … with the ever-charismatic Chavez.

The impact is an attack on US soil
NTA 8 – trusted source for homeland security news and information(National Terror Alert, “U.S. Officials Worry Terrorists Could Align With Drug Cartels,” 10-9, http://www.nationalterroralert.com/2008/10/09/us-officials-worry-terrorists-could-align-with-drug-cartels/)

There is real danger that Islamic …s in the Middle East and elsewhere.

Nuclear War
Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington
(Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)

But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a catastrophic interstate nuclear exchange...would probably still meet with a devastating response.

The plan creates an explicit incentive for Venezuela to implement effective port security standards – the alternative is continued terrorism
Edwards 8 – Edwards: double-majoring in International Affairs and Political Science at the University of Georgia, Dr. Christopher Allen was his faculty member, political science professor at the University of Georgia(Nathaniel and Christopher, “Increasing Trade Security: United States-Venezuelan Trade Incentives”, 2008, http://juro.uga.edu/2008/2008papers/Edwards2008.pdf, Daehyun)

Improving national security in the United States requires...the major exports of Venezuela, and the major American imports from Venezuela.  

The plan spills over to energy and anti-terror cooperation – it overcomes alt causes
Edwards 8 – Edwards: double-majoring in International Affairs and Political Science at the University of Georgia, Dr. Christopher Allen was his faculty member, political science professor at the University of Georgia(Nathaniel and Christopher, “Increasing Trade Security: United States-Venezuelan Trade Incentives”, 2008, http://juro.uga.edu/2008/2008papers/Edwards2008.pdf, Daehyun)

Implementing a security cooperative with Venezuela...gratification for making security upgrades.

Expanded energy cooperation ensures Venezuelan stability and Maduro’s grip on power
Campbell, 13 (4/16/2013, Darren, “A new leader could signal change for Venezuela’s troubled oil and gas sector; If Nicolas Maduro can reverse the industry's decline, it could siphon off investment in Alberta's oil sands,” http://www.albertaoilmagazine.com/2013/04/a-new-leader-could-signal-change-for-venenzuelas-oil-and-gas-sector/, JMP)

That’s because Venezuelan heavy oil is a competitor...Maduro’s administration performs.

Triggers nuclear war and extinction
Manwaring ‘5 – adjunct professor of international politics at Dickinson
(Max G., Retired U.S. Army colonel, Venezuela’s Hugo Chávez, Bolivarian Socialism, and Asymmetric Warfare, October 2005, pg. PUB628.pdf, Wake Early Bird File)

President Chávez also understands that the process leading to..., the more they and their associated problems endanger global security, peace, and prosperity.65

Maduro is pragmatic on economic matters and will say yes – boosting his credibility is the only way to ensure reform
Mander 13 – Journalist at the Financial Times, his father’s a British Baronet and has a Wikipedia Page(Benedict, “Hugo Chávez: His legacy at stake”, Aug 19, 2013, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e5ca6e64-05ce-11e3-8ed5-00144feab7de.html#axzz2de2NyO4W, Daehyun)

But since Chávez’s death in March...the revolution’s socialist goals have paralysed decision making.

1AC - Relations

Expanded economic ties with Venezuela allows the U.S. to secure regional influence
Delahunt, 12 --- chairman of the Venezuela-US Friendship Group and retired U.S. Representative (10/30/2012, William, “A new role for the US and Venezuela,” http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2012/10/30/podium-venezuela/EJ6Jd2yRKfaJ76HYrXb4WJ/story.html, JMP)

The recent election in Venezuela... is prepared to respond favorably to such an initiative.

Positive engagement is the only solution – Venezuela is uniquely key to Latin American relations
Griffin 13 — editorial writer for the Harvard Crimson (John Griffin, The Harvard Crimson, 04-03-13, “Engage with Venezuela”, http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2013/4/3/Harvard-Venezuela-Chavez-death/#, Accessed 07-01-2013 | AK)

When Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez died in early February... we started trying to catch them with honey.

U.S.-Latin American ties key to address climate change
O’Neil, 7/16 --- Senior Fellow for Latin America Studies at CFR (7/16/2013, Shannon K., “Latin America’s Secret Success Story,” http://blogs.cfr.org/oneil/2013/07/16/latin-americas-secret-success-story/, JMP)

For the start of the Biennial of the Americas conference...look toward its hemispheric neighbors, who have much to impart.

Warming is real and anthropogenic –emissions reductions are key to avoid dangerous climate disruptions
Somerville 11 – Professor of Oceanography @ UCSD
(Richard Somerville, Distinguished Professor Emeritus and Research Professor at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, Coordinating Lead Author in Working Group I for the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 3-8-2011, “CLIMATE SCIENCE AND EPA'S GREENHOUSE GAS REGULATIONS,” CQ Congressional Testimony, Lexis)

1n early 2007, at the time of the publication of WG1 of AR4... five to ten years, reaching near zero well within this century.

Warming is an existential risk – quickening reductions is key to avoiding extinction
Mazo 10 – PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA
(Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, “Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it,” pg. 122)

The best estimates for global warming to the end...mean profound social, cultural and political changes.

Runaway warming will make adaption impossible – emission cuts now are key
Hansen 8  (Professor of Earth and Environmental Science James E. Hanson, head of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York City and adjunct professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Science at Columbia University, Al Gore’s science advisor, “Briefing before the Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming,” US House of Representatives, 6-23-2008, “Twenty years later: tipping points near on global warming,” http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/2008/TwentyYearsLater_20080623.pdf)

Fast feedbacks—changes...A major casualty in all this will be wildlife.

1AC Solvency

The plan boosts trade relations and avoids political confrontation with Venezuela
Edwards 8 – Edwards: double-majoring in International Affairs and Political Science at the University of Georgia, Dr. Christopher Allen was his faculty member, political science professor at the University of Georgia(Nathaniel and Christopher, “Increasing Trade Security: United States-Venezuelan Trade Incentives”, 2008, http://juro.uga.edu/2008/2008papers/Edwards2008.pdf, Daehyun)

Abstract: Trade with Venezuela has risen...as noting inherent benefits of trade systems.

The plan solves --- provides the critical incentive for Venezuela to adopt the ISPS standards
Edwards 8 – Edwards: double-majoring in International Affairs and Political Science at the University of Georgia, Dr. Christopher Allen was his faculty member, political science professor at the University of Georgia(Nathaniel and Christopher, “Increasing Trade Security: United States-Venezuelan Trade Incentives”, 2008, http://juro.uga.edu/2008/2008papers/Edwards2008.pdf, Daehyun)

It is widely believed that increased security...even those who may be exempt from IMO’s ISPS code.

Venezuela will say yes --- it prioritizes trade relations
Jamison 13 – writer, studying international politics at Georgetown (Anne, “Maduro Venezuela: He Won't Usher in a New Era Of U.S.-Venezuela Relations, and That's OK”, April, Policy Mic Network)

The April 19 inauguration of Nicolás Maduro...relationship is intact, and that is their priority.

The ISPS is successful --- fosters international cooperation and provides regional flexibility
Timien 7 - Head of the Baltic and International Maritime Council’s (BIMCO)  Security and International Affairs  Department(Thomas, “The ISPS Code: Where are we now?”, Apr, 2007, http://www.fswg.org/files/DDF/ISPS20Code20-20Where20are20we20now20-20Cargo20Security20International20CSIA20204-5200720(article).pdf, Daehyun)

Beginning with the former, the  United States Coast Guard...still  have quite some catching up to do.