Tournament: Meadows | Round: 2 | Opponent: College Prep HJ | Judge: Brock Hanson
Text: The United States federal government should abolish the State Department list of state sponsors of terrorism and should retain the sanctions already levied by said list.

Revisions to SST list fall short of any broader ideological reform – only removing access to the distinction prompts change
Jackson 7 – your author (Richard Jackson is Reader in the Department of International Politics, Aberystwyth University, and a Senior Researcher at the Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Contemporary Political Violence (CSRV). He is the founding editor of the journal, Critical Studies on Terrorism, 2007, “Terrorism Studies and the Politics of State Power,” Paper prepared for International Studies Association’s 47th annual convention,http://cadair.aber.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/handle/2160/1951/ISA-2007-Paper-CTS-Jackson2.pdf?sequence=1)
From a discourse analytic perspective, it can be argued that the terrorist sanctuaries?
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academic analysis therefore, it may serve a number of distinctly ideological purposes.

Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 1 | Opponent: Carrollton Sacred Heart DT | Judge: John Foy
Text: The United States federal government should propose through binding consultation to Brazil that the Export Import Bank of the United States should substantially increase financing for advanced biofuels in Mexico. The United States federal government should support this proposal during consultation and abide by the results of the consultation.
Brazil says yes – they want closer ties with Mexico for ethanol purposes
MercoPress 12 (UTC, MercoPress, a south Atlantic news agency, 12/19/12, "Brazil wants closer links with Mexico; Rousseff plans to travel next March", http://en.mercopress.com/2012/12/19/brazil-wants-closer-links-with-mexico-rousseff-plans-to-travel-next-march)GNL
And the big excuse for the approach is Petrobras, the Brazilian oil and gas
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includes the private sector following on the experience collected by Petrobras in Brazil.
The Counterplan is necessary to both build U.S.-Brazil relations and build the foundation for effective cooperation
Einaudi, Brazil Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2011
March 2011, Luigi R., Member of the Advisory Council of the Brazil Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Distinguished Visiting Fellow in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, “Brazil and the United States: The Need for Strategic Engagement,” http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/SF2026620Einaudi.pdf Idriss
Whether Brazil’s future policies will, like those of the United States, reflect greater
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countries?36 Just posing the question reveals the complexity of the task.

Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 3 | Opponent: Meadows CN | Judge: Clara Purk
The United States federal government should request the governments of Brazil and Mexico engage in dialogue with Cuba on its behalf as per Iglesias. The United States federal government should implement any resulting policy recommendations made by Brazil and Mexico following the dialogue toward Cuba.

Solves the case and avoids politics
Iglesias, Commander in the U.S. Navy, 2012
Carlos, United States Navy Commander, “United States Security Policy Implications of a Post-Fidel Cuba,” manuscript submitted in partial fulfillment of the Masters of Strategic Studies Degree at the US Army War College, United States Army War College Strategy Research Project, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA560408~~ Idriss
Unlike the policy implications above, the major hurdle to this interest does not come
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displacement of anti-American influences (e.g. Chávez).100

Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 3 | Opponent: Meadows CN | Judge: Clara Purk
CP text: The United States Federal government should ratify the Inter-American Convention Against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Ammunition, Explosives, and other Related Materials.

CP solves for US and OAS credibility
FAS 13  (Federation of American Scientists, “OAS Firearms Convention”, http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/asmp/issueareas/oas.html, 2013)SLR
The United States and the Convention:  While the United States was among the first
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, and need for, international cooperation on terrorism and other important issues.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 2 | Opponent: College Prep HJ | Judge: Brock Hanson
Lifting sanctions destroys Cuba’s urban agriculture system
Gonzalez 3 (Carmen, “SEASONS OF RESISTANCE: SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY IN CUBA”, Summer of 2003, book p. 729-33, Assistant Professor at Seattle University School of Law)
Notwithstanding these problems, the greatest challenge to the agricultural development strategy adopted by the
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to the retention of an agricultural development model borne of crisis and isolation. 

Urban agriculture is key to Cuban quality of life and is modeled internationally
Peters 10 (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf, LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law)
While urban agriculture was a response to a dramatic crisis in ¶ Cuba’s history,
AND
attack on the transportation infrastructure would not significantly affect Cuba’s food distribution system.

Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 1 | Opponent: Carrollton Sacred Heart DT | Judge: John Foy
1NC
CIR will pass now – house republicans and popular support.
New York Daily News, 11-2 ‘Need to keep pushing’ Congress to pass immigration reform and President to ease deportations, http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/pushing-immigration-reform-article-1.1504979#ixzz2jYnSYyeJ
One has to admire those committed immigration leaders who, far from being discouraged by
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as Republican candidate Joe Lhota has of being elected mayor of New York.
Yet, immigration reform, like the proverbial phoenix, may have risen from the ashes once again now that three House Republicans — Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (Florida), and Jeff Denham and David Valadao, both from California — have signed on to the House Democrats' comprehensive immigration reform bill.
Angela Fernández, the Northern Manhattan Coalition for Immigrant Rights executive director, a savvy
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was part of similar activities in Florida, Arizona and across the country.”

US-Mexico energy cooperation’s controversial
CFR ‘12
standing committee of the United States Senate (12/21, “OIL, MEXICO, AND THE TRANSBOUNDARY AGREEMENT,” http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT77567/html/CPRT-112SPRT77567.htm)
The TBA further contains requirements of data sharing and notification of likely reserves between the
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Gulf of Mexico or in case of significant disruptions to global oil supplies.
Immigration reform key to increase high skilled workers:
Esther Yu-Hsi Lee, 10/16/2013 (staff writer, “Class Divide Widens Between Low-Wage And High-Wage Workers In Silicon Valley,”  http://thinkprogress.org/immigration/2013/10/16/2779601/wage-immigrants-silicon-valley/, Accessed 10/17/2013, rwg)
Faced with a growing need for high-skilled foreign workers, Silicon Valley has
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from 65,000 to 110,000 in the Senate immigration bill.
Skilled worker access will determine the future of the biotech industry
Dahms 3,  executive director of the California State University System Biotechnology Program (CSUPERB); chair of the Workforce Committee, Biotechnology Industry Organization; and a member of the ASBMB Education and Professional Development Committee, (A. Stephen, “ Foreign Scientists Seen Essential to U.S. Biotechnology,” in Pan-Organizational Summit on the U.S. Science and Engineering Workforce: Meeting Summary, National Academy of Sciences, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/picrender.fcgi?book=nap10727andblobtype=pdf)  

The scarcity of skilled technicians is seen by the biotechnology industry in the U.
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directed toward influencing greater congressional and federal agency attention to these important topics.
Solves bioterror
Bailey, 1 Ronald, award-winning science correspondent for Reason magazine and Reason.com, where he writes a weekly science and technology column. Bailey is the author of the book Liberation Biology: The Moral and Scientific Case for the Biotech Revolution (Prometheus, 2005), and his work was featured in The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2004. In 2006, Bailey was shortlisted by the editors of Nature Biotechnology as one of the personalities who have made the "most significant contributions" to biotechnology in the last 10 years. 11/7/1, “The Best Biodefense,” Reason, http://reason.com/archives/2001/11/07/the-best-biodefense

But Cipro and other antibiotics are just a small part of the arsenal that could
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, America’s best biodefense is a vital and profitable pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry.

Extinction
Steinbrenner, 97
John Steinbrenner, Senior Fellow – Brookings, Foreign Policy, 12-22-
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for a global contagion of this sort but not necessarily its outer limit.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 2 | Opponent: College Prep HJ | Judge: Brock Hanson
Congress pulling punches now - Obama’s investment of capital is key to dissuade hawks and AIPAC
John Hudson, “Despite AIPAC Lobbying, Obama Admin Calms Congress on Iran Talks,” Foreign Policy, 10/23/13
 On Wednesday, the Obama administration held its first classified briefing with Congress on
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The next round of Iran talks begin in Geneva on Nov. 7.
Bipartisan effort to not remove Cuba
Ros-Lehtian 13 – Congresswoman For FL-27 (Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, Bipartisan Congressional Group Asks Administration to Keep Cuba on State Sponsor of Terrorism List, Official website of Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, April 29, 2013, http://ros-lehtinen.house.gov/press-release/bipartisan-congressional-group-asks-administration-keep-cuba-state-sponsor-terrorism) TA
A bipartisan group of Congressional Members (Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, Mario Diaz-
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U.S. interests and poses a risk to our national security.
Agreement on Iranian proliferation solves regional tension, Iranian prolif, and war now – new congressional sanctions crush the fragile momentum
NIAC, nonpartisan, nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing the interests of the Iranian-American community, “NIAC Applauds US-Iran Diplomatic Progress, Warns Congress Against Sabotaging a Deal,” 10/16/2013. http://www.niacouncil.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticleandid=9893
Washington, DC - The National Iranian American Council released the following statement after the
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sabotage talks and box the U.S. into a military confrontation.
Deal prevents global nuclear war
Edelman, distinguished fellow – Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, ‘11
(Eric S, “The Dangers of a Nuclear Iran,” Foreign Affairs, January/February)
The reports of the Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States and
AND
any of these aspirants could develop a nuclear weapons capability within a decade.
There is, however, at least one state that could receive significant outside support
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particular method of acquisition only circumvents, rather than violates, the NPT.
n-player competition
Were Saudi Arabia to acquire nuclear weapons, the Middle East would count three nuclear
AND
would retaliate against the wrong party, potentially triggering a regional nuclear war.

Politics

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 5 | Opponent: St Vincent de Paul | Judge: Kendra Doty
The resolution equally divides ground to make dialogue possible. This allows for development of ideas, without excluding non-traditional perspectives. By ignoring the resolution the aff leaves the negative unheard, which is anti-educational and exclusive.
Galloway, 07 – Ryan, Assistant Professor and Director of Debate at Samford University (“DINNER AND CONVERSATION AT THE ARGUMENTATIVE TABLE: RECONCEPTUALIZING DEBATE AS AN ARGUMENTATIVE DIALOGUE,” Contemporary Argumentation and Debate, vol. 28, 2007, Ebsco)Red
This journal previously (2004) addressed issues regarding the growing divide in policy debate. However, the role of the debate resolution in the clash of civilizations was largely ignored. Here, I defend the notion that activist approaches of critical debaters can best flourish if grounded in topical advocacy defined in terms of the resolution. This approach encourages the pedagogical benefits of debates about discourse and representations while preserving the educational advantages of switch-side debate. Debaters’ increased reliance on speech act and performativity theory in debates generates a need to step back and re-conceptualize the false dilemma of the “policy only” or “kritik only” perspective. Policy debate’s theoretical foundations should find root in an overarching theory of debate that incorporates both policy and critical exchanges. Here, I will seek to conceptualize debate as a dialogue, following the theoretical foundations of Mikhail Bakhtin (1990) and Star Muir (1993) that connects the benefits of dialogical modes of argument to competitive debate. Ideally, the resolution should function to negotiate traditional and activist approaches. Taking the resolution as an invitation to a dialogue about a particular set of ideas would preserve the affirmative team’s obligation to uphold the debate resolution. At the same time, this approach licenses debaters to argue both discursive and performative advantages. While this view is broader than many policy teams would like, and certainly more limited than many critical teams would prefer, this approach captures the advantages of both modes of debate while maintaining the stable axis point of argumentation for a full clash of ideas around these values. Here, I begin with an introduction to the dialogic model, which I will relate to the history of switch-side debate and the current controversy. Then, I will defend my conception of debate as a dialogical exchange. Finally, I will answer potential criticisms to the debate as a dialogue construct. Setting the Argumentative Table: Conceptualizing Debate as a Dialogue Conceiving debate as a dialogue exposes a means of bridging the divide between the policy community and the kritik community. Here I will distinguish between formal argument and dialogue. While formal argument centers on the demands of informal and formal logic as a mechanism of mediation, dialogue tends to focus on the relational aspects of an interaction. As such, it emphasizes the give-and-take process of negotiation. Consequently, dialogue emphasizes outcomes related to agreement or consensus rather than propositional correctness (Mendelson and Lindeman, 2000). As dialogue, the affirmative case constitutes a discursive act that anticipates a discursive response. The consequent interplay does not seek to establish a propositional truth, but seeks to initiate an in-depth dialogue between the debate participants. Such an approach would have little use for rigid rules of logic or argument, such as stock issues or fallacy theory, except to the point where the participants agreed that these were functional approaches. Instead, a dialogic approach encourages evaluations of affirmative cases relative to their performative benefits, or whether or not the case is a valuable speech act. The move away from formal logic structure toward a dialogical conversation model allows for a broader perspective regarding the ontological status of debate. At the same time, a dialogical approach challenges the ways that many teams argue speech act and performance theory in debates. Because there are a range of ways that performative oriented teams argue their cases, there is little consensus regarding the status of topicality. While some take topicality as a central challenge to creating performance-based debates, many argue that topicality is wholly irrelevant to the debate, contending that the requirement that a critical affirmative be topical silences creativity and oppositional approaches. However, if we move beyond viewing debate as an ontologically independent monologue—but as an invitation to dialogue, our attention must move from the ontology of the affirmative case to a consideration of the case in light of exigent opposition (Farrell, 1985). Thus, the initial speech act of the affirmative team sets the stage for an emergent response. While most responses deal directly with the affirmative case, Farrell notes that they may also deal with metacommunication regarding the process of negotiation. In this way, we may conceptualize the affirmative’s goal in creating a “germ of a response” (Bakhtin, 1990) whose completeness bears on the possibility of all subsequent utterances. Conceived as a dialogue, the affirmative speech act anticipates the negative response. A failure to adequately encourage, or anticipate a response deprives the negative speech act and the emergent dialogue of the capacity for a complete inquiry. Such violations short circuit the dialogue and undermine the potential for an emerging dialogue to gain significance (either within the debate community or as translated to forums outside of the activity). Here, the dialogical model performs as a fairness model, contending that the affirmative speech act, be it policy oriented, critical, or performative in nature, must adhere to normative restrictions to achieve its maximum competitive and ontological potential. This is not new. The notion of affirmative restrictions harkens back to the old controversies over switch-side debate, when proponents argued that debaters be required to argue against their own personal convictions in favor of topics they personally opposed, while opponents contended that debaters should never betray their personal convictions. Darin Hicks and Ronald Greene (2000) call this stance “rhetoric of commitment.” Initially, formats that require debaters to speak against their own personal convictions were considered unethical by opponents of switch-side debate. Defenders countered with an Aristotlean ethic that asked debaters to learn their positions from all sides. Current controversies replay elements of debates regarding switching sides. The primary addition to the discussion regards the role of speech acts and performance. Affirmative teams often defend their advocacy in the context of a larger critical project, often claiming that the benefits of their project supersede localized fairness norms so that topicality and other procedurals are outweighed. This approach powerfully challenges requirements that affirmatives be topical. Defending Debate as a Dialogue After having examined the current state of debate and the impetus for a change to a dialogical model, this section will defend three benefits to re-conceptualizing debate in a dialogic manner. First, unfettered affirmative options deny argumentative space to negative teams who become unable to meaningfully present a counter speech act to the affirmative speech act. Second, by placing a single immutable claim at the center of all debates on both sides of the topic as part of a greater project, debaters deny themselves, their opponents, and the judges the benefits of understanding the unique dynamics of contingent claims. Third, maintaining stable advocacy through both sides and on all topics, regardless of the resolution, prevents students from seriously engaging their perspective from any other position. This essay argues that re-conceptualizing fairness norms like topicality into a dialogue model will help to void these problems while licensing critical styles and modes of argumentation. Setting a Table: Fairness Norms as a Pre-Requisite for Argumentation Debate as a dialogue sets an argumentative table, where all parties receive a relatively fair opportunity to voice their position. Anything that fails to allow participants to have their position articulated denies one side of the argumentative table a fair hearing. The affirmative side is set by the topic and fairness requirements. While affirmative teams have recently resisted affirming the topic, in fact, the topic selection process is rigorous, taking the relative ground of each topic as its central point of departure. Setting the affirmative reciprocally sets the negative. The negative crafts approaches to the topic consistent with affirmative demands. The negative crafts disadvantages, counter-plans, and critical arguments premised on the arguments that the topic allows for the affirmative team. According to fairness norms, each side sits at a relatively balanced argumentative table. When one side takes more than its share, competitive equity suffers. However, it also undermines the respect due to the other involved in the dialogue. When one side excludes the other, it fundamentally denies the personhood of the other participant (Ehninger, 1970, p. 110). A pedagogy of debate as dialogue takes this respect as a fundamental component. A desire to be fair is a fundamental condition of a dialogue that takes the form of a demand for equality of voice. Far from being a banal request for links to a disadvantage, fairness is a demand for respect, a demand to be heard, a demand that a voice backed by literally months upon months of preparation, research, and critical thinking not be silenced. Affirmative cases that suspend basic fairness norms operate to exclude particular negative strategies. Unprepared, one side comes to the argumentative table unable to meaningfully participate in a dialogue. They are unable to “understand what ‘went on…’” and are left to the whims of time and power (Farrell, 1985, p. 114). Hugh Duncan furthers this line of reasoning: Opponents not only tolerate but honor and respect each other because in doing so they enhance their own chances of thinking better and reaching sound decisions. Opposition is necessary because it sharpens thought in action. We assume that argument, discussion, and talk, among free an informed people who subordinate themselves to rules of discussion, are the best ways to decisions of any kind, because it is only through such discussion that we reach agreement which binds us to a common cause…If we are to be equal…relationships among equals must find expression in many formal and informal institutions (Duncan, 1993, p. 196-197). Debate compensates for the exigencies of the world by offering a framework that maintains equality for the sake of the conversation (Farrell, 1985, p. 114). For example, an affirmative case on the 2007-2008 college topic might defend neither state nor international action in the Middle East, and yet claim to be germane to the topic in some way. The case essentially denies the arguments that state action is oppressive or that actions in the international arena are philosophically or pragmatically suspect. Instead of allowing for the dialogue to be modified by the interchange of the affirmative case and the negative response, the affirmative subverts any meaningful role to the negative team, preventing them from offering effective “counter-word” and undermining the value of a meaningful exchange of speech acts. Germaneness and other substitutes for topical action do not accrue the dialogical benefits of topical advocacy. A Siren’s Call: Falsely Presuming Epistemic Benefits In addition to the basic equity norm, dismissing the idea that debaters defend the affirmative side of the topic encourages advocates to falsely value affirmative speech acts in the absence of a negative response. There may be several detrimental consequences that go unrealized in a debate where the affirmative case and plan are not topical. Without ground, debaters may fall prey to a siren’s call, a belief that certain critical ideals and concepts are axiological, existing beyond doubt without scrutiny. Bakhtin contends that in dialogical exchanges “the greater the number and weight” of counter-words, the deeper and more substantial our understanding will be (Bakhtin, 1990). The matching of the word to the counter-word should be embraced by proponents of critical activism in the activity, because these dialogical exchanges allow for improvements and modifications in critical arguments. Muir argues that “debate puts students into greater contact with the real world by forcing them to read a great deal of information” (1993, p. 285). He continues, “the constant consumption of material…is significantly constitutive. The information grounds the issues under discussion, and the process shapes the relationship of the citizen to the public arena” (p. 285). Through the process of comprehensive understanding, debate serves both as a laboratory and a constitutive arena. Ideas find and lose adherents. Ideas that were once considered beneficial are modified, changed, researched again, and sometimes discarded altogether. A central argument for open deliberation is that it encourages a superior consensus to situations where one side is silenced. Christopher Peters contends, “The theory holds that antithesis ultimately produces a better consensus, that the clash of differing, even opposing interests and ideas in the process of decision making…creates decisions that are better for having been subjected to this trial by fire” (1997, p. 336). The combination of a competitive format and the necessity to take points of view that one does not already agree with combines to create a unique educational experience for all participants. Those that eschew the value of such experience by an axiological position short-circuit the benefits of the educational exchange for themselves, their opponents, as well as the judges and observers of such debates. The Devil’s Advocate: Advancing Activism by Learning Potential Weaknesses Willingness to argue against what one believes helps the advocate understand the strengths and weaknesses of their own position. It opens the potential for a new synthesis of material that is superior to the first (Dybvig and Iverson, 2000). Serving as a devil’s advocate encourages an appreciation for middle ground and nuance (Dell, 1958). Failure to see both sides can lead to high levels of ego involvement and dogmatism (Hicks and Greene, 2000). Survey data confirms these conclusions. Star Muir found that debaters become more tolerant after learning to debate both sides of an issue (Muir, 1993). Such tolerance is predictable since debate is firmly grounded in respect for the other through the creation of a fair dialogue. Ironically, opponents of a debate as dialogue risk falling prey to dogmatism and the requisite failure to respect potential middle grounds. Perceiving the world through the lens of contingency and probability can be beneficial to real-world activism when its goal is creating consensus out of competing interests. The anti-oppression messages of critical teams would benefit from a thorough investigation of such claims, and not merely an untested axiological assumption.

Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 1 | Opponent: Carrollton Sacred Heart DT | Judge: John Foy
Bilateralism is used to create asymmetrical power relations that lock in neoliberalism
Phillips 5 Sheffield political economy professor, 2005
(Nicola, “U.S. Power and the Politics of Economic Governance in the Americas”, Latin American Politics and Society, 47.4, December, Wiley)

What explains this prioritization of bilateral negotiations? In the regional context, bilateralism represents
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the height of the hurdles facing the successful agreement of a comprehensive FTAA.

Neolibralism causes extinction through environmental destruction, space weaponization and nuclearwar – focus on short-term wealth and attempts to maintain superiority
Marko 2003—(“ Anarchism and Human Survival: Russell's Problem”, Indymedia UK,
http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2003/05/68173.html SW)

Bertrand Russell throughout his long career as a public intellectual and political activist had reason
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The concerns expressed in this essay ought to occupy more of its time. 

ALT: We need to take back politics – systems of politics are sustained only by our engagement with them – working w/in doesn’t solve
Meszaros 8 (Istvan, Chair of Philosophy at the University of Sussex, The Challenge and Burden of Historical Time, p323-328)
The unreality of postulation the sustainable solution of the grave problems of our social order
AND
synonymous with the withering away of the state as an ongoing historical enterprise.

Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 1 | Opponent: Carrollton Sacred Heart DT | Judge: John Foy
Economic engagement requires that the means of the plan be exclusively economic interdependence between the USFG and the target government
Çelik 11 – Arda Can Çelik, Master’s Degree in Politics and International Studies from Uppsala University, Economic Sanctions and Engagement Policies, p. 11
Introduction
Economic engagement policies are strategic integration behaviour which involves with the target state. Engagement
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position of one state affects the position of others in the same direction.

“its” means belonging to something already mentioned
Oxford Dictionaries no date
(Oxford Dictionaries online, no date, “its”, http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/its?view=uk)
determiner¶ belonging to or associated with a thing previously mentioned or easily identified:¶ turn the camera on its side¶ he chose the area for its atmosphere¶ belonging to or associated with a child or animal of unspecified sex:¶ a baby in its mother’s womb

A. Violation: the affirmative doesn’t work through the United States federal government and doesn’t engage the Mexican government- rather they just work through an Export/Import Bank with private Mexico biofuel companies.

C. Voting issue

1. Ground- relations disads, politics, and PICs out of government engagement are the core of the topic
    2. Limits- only predictable limit on a near infinite combination of companies, NGOs and individuals

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 2 | Opponent: College Prep HJ | Judge: Brock Hanson
A. Interpretation: Economic engagement is the expansion of state-to-state ties
Kahler and Kastner 6
(Kahler, Miles, Professor of Pacific International Relations  at University of California, San Diego, and Kastner, Scott, associate professor of International Relations at the University of Maryland, 2006, “STRATEGIC USES OF ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE: ENGAGEMENT POLICIES IN SOUTH KOREA, SINGAPORE, AND TAIWAN”, Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies University of California, San Diego) FS
Economic engagement—a policy of deliberately expanding economic ties with an adversary in order
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great power politics; instead, it may be more widespread than previously recognized

“its” means belonging to
Oxford Dictionaries no date
(Oxford Dictionaries online, no date, “its”, http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/its?view=uk)
determiner
belonging to or associated with a thing previously mentioned or easily identified:
turn the camera on its side
he chose the area for its atmosphere
 belonging to or associated with a child or animal of unspecified sex:
a baby in its mother’s womb

Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 1 | Opponent: Carrollton Sacred Heart DT | Judge: John Foy
Uniqueness overwhelms the link- warming isn’t the problem neolib is
Crist, 2k7 Eileen Crist, Associate Professor of Science and Technology Studies in the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies at Virginia Tech “Beyond the Climate Crisis: A Critique of Climate Change Discourse” Telos 141 Winter 2007
Rather than focusing on global warming as a driver of more biodiversity losses, climate
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a major glitch in the machine—the consequences of accumulating greenhouse gases.