Tournament: Hockaday | Round: Finals | Opponent: Greenhill JD | Judge: Matt Carswell, Grant Peretz, Hunter McCullough
Coloniality
US technical assistance for the purpose of creating an integrated commercial domestic intellectual property protections is simply code for the propagation of US colonial project
Van Der Bergh, Professor of Law and Economics, Erasmus University, 2003 (Roger, American Law and Economics Review, “Property Rights and the Creation of Wealth,” Vol. 5, Iss. 1, Spring, Proquest, last accessed 11.17.09, RG)
The poorest sectors ... accessible to the poor” (p. 66).

Trying to better Latin America by forging economic connections is part of a long history of US imperialism – both protectionism and free trade are two sides of the same colonial way of thinking
Grosfoguel 2k
(Ramon, Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies Department at UC Berkeley, “Developmentalism, Modernity, and Dependency Theory in Latin America” Nepantla: Views from South, Volume 1, Issue 2, pg 359-361)
The modern idea that ... raising and meat exports.

Coloniality generates a permanent state of exception that is the root cause of the death ethics of war and underwrites a hellish existence where death, murder, war, rape, and racism are ordinary
Maldonado-Torres 08
(Nelson Maldonado-Torres, associate professor of comparative literature at Rutgers, 2008, “Against War: Views from the Underside of Modernity, p. 217-221)
Dussel, Quijano, and Wynter ... into a Manicheanism, as Fanon suggested." 

Our alternative is to reject the affirmative – the role of the ballot is to endorse the development of Mexico genomic medicine by Mexico without the help of US as a step toward delinking from the colonial project propagated by the Aff
Mignolo 09
Walter D. Mignolo, Epistemic Disobedience, Independent Thought and Decolonial Freedom, Theory and Culture 2009, published 2009
ONCE UPON a time scholarsassumed ...for the final judgment.1

Politics
B.Will pass – Obama sustained pressure on House will cause GOP cave
AP 11/5/13
(Associated Press, Huffington Post, November 5 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/05/obama-immigration_n_4218015.html?utm_hp_ref=immigration-reform, Accessed November 7, 2013, JD)
President Barack Obama is ... law's enrollment period.

B. Link The plan derails immigration reform-Perceived as giving away power to Mexico
Shear, 13 (Michael, NYT White house correspondent, 5/5,  http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/05/world/americas/in-latin-america-us-shifts-focus-from-drug-war-to-economy.html?pagewanted=all, 8/21/13, PB)
Last week, Mr. Obama returned ... president of Costa Rica.

C. Impact
3.Immigration reform key to prevent economic collapse
Milller 2013
(former two-term elected Kentucky State Treasurer, Miller held several other senior positions in state and federal government, including serving in Kentucky Governor Steve Beshear’s Cabinet as Secretary of Finance and Administration, as Deputy Chief of Staff of the U.S. Department of Energy, and as Legislative Director for Congressman Jim Cooper  (Jonathon, 2/17/2013 “Why Our Economy Demands Immigration Reform”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathanmiller/immigration-reform-economy_b_2639092.html, CMR)
When it comes ... all of our country.

4.US economic collapse causes war and triggers every impact
O’Hanlon 12 — Kenneth G. Lieberthal, Director of the John L. Thornton China Center and Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy and Global Economy and Development at the Brookings Institution, former Professor at the University of Michigan, served as special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Asia on the National Security Council, holds a Ph.D. from Columbia University, and Michael E. O'Hanlon, Director of Research and Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institution, Visiting Lecturer at Princeton University, Adjunct Professor at Johns Hopkins University, holds a Ph.D. from Princeton University, 2012 (“The Real National Security Threat: America's Debt,” Los Angeles Times, July 10th, Available Online at http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2012/07/10-economy-foreign-policy-lieberthal-ohanlon, Accessed 07-12-2012)
Lastly, American economic ...policy is not reestablished.

CP
Text – The United States should engage in cooperative dialogue with the People’s Republic of China over the Bayh-Dole model of intellectual property system.  This cooperative dialogue should include, but not be limited to, the Bayh-Dole model of enforcement as well as the implementation of commercial domestic intellectual property protections.  
  
Solves their advantages
Espinel 2k7
(Victoria A., Assistant U.S. Representative for  Intellectual Property and Innovation, Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, Washington, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-110hhrg38337/html/CHRG-110hhrg38337.htm  accessed tm 10-25)
We have been ...protecting intellectual property.

Tournament: Hockaday | Round: Quarters | Opponent: StMarks AY | Judge: Matt Carswell, Dan Rowe, Reka Fink
Unique link - Lift of the embargo means immediate integration into global neoliberal markets – proves the permutation can’t work and increases risk of food insecurity in Cuba
Gonzalez, Teaches environmental law fundamental, international environmental law, and international trade law at the University of Seattle ‘04
(Carmen, , “Trade Liberalization, Food Security, and the Environment: The Neoliberal Threat to Sustainable Rural Development” Transnational Law Journal and Contemporary Problems Fall 2004  Academic One File accessed tm 9/9)
Cuba is symbolically ... sustainable rural development.

Impact – continued spread of neoliberalism leads to planetary collapse
Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois,  2010
(Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED  
It is fitting ... walk the earth. 

C Alternative -- As an intellectual your rejection of capitalism has emancipatory results relentless criticism allows capitalism to be challenged.
Kovel Professor of Social Studies at Bard 2002
(Joel, , The Enemy of Nature, p224)
Relentless criticism can ...responsibility for intellectuals.

Politics
A.Will pass – Obama sustained pressure on House will cause GOP cave
AP 11/5/13
(Associated Press, Huffington Post, November 5 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/05/obama-immigration_n_4218015.html?utm_hp_ref=immigration-reform, Accessed November 7, 2013, JD)
President Barack Obama is ... law's enrollment period.

B. Link - Drains capital – Backlash and hostage taking on unrelated priority legislation is empirically proven
LeoGrande, 12
William M. LeoGrande School of Public Affairs American University, Professor of Government and a specialist in Latin American politics and U.S. foreign policy toward Latin America, Professor LeoGrande has been a frequent adviser to government and private sector agencies, 12/18/12, http://www.american.edu/clals/upload/LeoGrande-Fresh-Start.pdf, 8/21/13, PB
The Second Obama Administration ... to take action.

C. Impact
1.Immigration reform key to prevent economic collapse
Milller 2013
(former two-term elected Kentucky State Treasurer, Miller held several other senior positions in state and federal government, including serving in Kentucky Governor Steve Beshear’s Cabinet as Secretary of Finance and Administration, as Deputy Chief of Staff of the U.S. Department of Energy, and as Legislative Director for Congressman Jim Cooper  (Jonathon, 2/17/2013 “Why Our Economy Demands Immigration Reform”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathanmiller/immigration-reform-economy_b_2639092.html, CMR)
When it comes ... of our country.

2.US economic collapse causes war and triggers every impact
O’Hanlon 12 — Kenneth G. Lieberthal, Director of the John L. Thornton China Center and Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy and Global Economy and Development at the Brookings Institution, former Professor at the University of Michigan, served as special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Asia on the National Security Council, holds a Ph.D. from Columbia University, and Michael E. O'Hanlon, Director of Research and Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institution, Visiting Lecturer at Princeton University, Adjunct Professor at Johns Hopkins University, holds a Ph.D. from Princeton University, 2012 (“The Real National Security Threat: America's Debt,” Los Angeles Times, July 10th, Available Online at http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2012/07/10-economy-foreign-policy-lieberthal-ohanlon, Accessed 07-12-2012)
Lastly, American economic ... is not reestablished.

CP
Text—the United States should appoint an Ambassador to Cuba for the purpose of establishing diplomatic relations and beginning the dialogue on removing the embargo restrictions in the affirmative plan.
Counterplan solves—sequencing diplomatic engagement ahead of economic engagement solves the case while avoiding politics net benefit
Lieutenant Colonel Dickerson, United States Army War College, 10
(Sergio, January 2010, "United States Security Strategy Towards Cuba," Strategy Research Project, accessed at www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA518053, DL)
Diplomatic engagement and ... trade with Cuba.

Tournament: NDCA | Round: 1 | Opponent: Bingham NS | Judge: Andres Gannon
Framework
a. Violation – the affirmative does not increase economic engagement towards Cuba, Venezuela, or Mexico

“Increase” means to make greater
Webster’s 13
– Webster’s Dictionary. 1913 ("Increase", http://machaut.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/WEBSTER.sh?WORD=increase)

In*crease" , v. i.
To become greater … opposed to decrease. 

Economic engagement includes economic incentives such as investment, aid, loans, tech transfer, removal of sanctions, etc.
Haass 2k
(Robert N. Haass, Director of Foreign Policy Studies, Brookings 2k, Survival, Vol 42, no. 2, Summer, p. 114-115, JD)
Architects of engagement … of these benefits. 

B.  Interpretation – the affirmative must defend an increase in economic engagement towards Cuba, Venezuela, or Mexico 

1. Ground – no defense of resolution gives us zero ground to debate on. And our interpretation subsumes their offense – they can run their project through an increase in economic engagement
   Ground is key to switch side debate – the affirmatives interp leads us to running the same argument every round aff or neg

Switch-side is key---Effective deliberation is only possible in a switch-side debate – forces critical thinking and better advocacy of one’s positions
Keller et al 1 – Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago (Thomas E., James K., and Tracly K., Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago, professor of Social Work, and doctoral student School of Social Work, “Student debates in policy courses: promoting policy practice skills and knowledge through active learning,” Journal of Social Work Education, Spr/Summer 2001, EBSCOhost)
SOCIAL WORKERS HAVE a … pertaining to the issue. 

2.Limits – not defending economic engagement allows for any affirmative or advocacy statement – makes being negative impossible – limits key to clash and neg prep. The negative overwhelms research burden and undermine preparedness – limits key to effective decision making
Steinberg and Freeley 8 *Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp45-
Debate is a means … in the following discussion.

3. Effective deliberation is the lynchpin of solving all existential global problems
Christian O. Lundberg 10 Professor of Communications @ University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, “Tradition of Debate in North Carolina” in Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century By Allan D. Louden, p311
The second major …in an increasingly complex world. 

4. Only portable skill---means our framework turns case
Steinberg and Freeley 8 *Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp9-10
After several days of … favored political candidate.

Neolib
Sacrifice through economic engagement props greases the wheels of global capitalism –  making the neoliberal global economy the sole organizing power.
Robinson, Professor of Sociology at the University of Santa Barbara, 2008
(William I, Latin America and Global Capitalism: A Critical Globalization Perspective, p. 20-1)
By synchronizing each … economic and social sphere.

Impact – continued spread of neoliberalism leads to planetary collapse
Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois,  2010
(Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED  
It is fitting to begin ...with whom we walk the earth. 

C Alternative -- As an intellectual your rejection of capitalism has emancipatory results relentless criticism allows capitalism to be challenged. The role of the ballot should be to endorse the team with the best epistemic understanding of the border between the United States of America and Mexico.
Kovel Professor of Social Studies at Bard 2002
(Joel, , The Enemy of Nature, p224)
Relentless criticism can delegitimate ...responsibility for intellectuals.

Case
the critique’s understanding of ritual is simplistic—sacrifice is also utilitarian and reifies status quo power relations
Wolin, Distinguished Professor of History and Comparative Literature at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 2004
Richard, “"Left Fascism: Georges Bataille and the German Ideology," The Seduction of Unreason: The Intellectual Romance with Fascism from Nietzsche to Postmodernism, Published by Princeton University Press, ISBN 9781400825967, p. 102-103
But problems exist … reproduction of social power.

the transgression ethic of pure shock is unsustainable and destroys any public ethics
Wolin, Distinguished Professor of History and Comparative Literature at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 2004
Richard, “"Left Fascism: Georges Bataille and the German Ideology," The Seduction of Unreason: The Intellectual Romance with Fascism from Nietzsche to Postmodernism, Published by Princeton University Press, ISBN 9781400825967, p. 103-104
At times Bataille's … and commodity exchange.

Turn - The aff’s prioritization of deconstruction of existing modes of thinking divorces their project from solutions to real world issues
Lawrence Grossburg, University of Illinois, We Gotta Get Outta This Place, 1992, p. 362-364
In their desire … of, different structures.

vote neg - Can’t evaluate their methods first – their theory about how the world should work is just that – a theory no reason to prioritize it above any other – if we win some risk you should use the state action as good proves you can incorporate their perspective without a zero sum tradeoff with other arguments no role of the ballot
(  ) We don’t need to win our epistemology is perfect – but it’s better to try and understand the world through flawed empiricism than just give up on all meaning – it’s key to persuading audiences
Sil 2k
Rudra Sil, assistant professor of Political Science at University of Pennsylvania. “Against Epistemological Absolutism: Toward a “Pragmatic” Center,” in Beyond Boundaries ed Sil and Eileen M. Doherty 2000 p160-161
In the end…extreme epistemological positions.

Tournament: UNT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Casady PC | Judge: Hunter McCullough
T
1NC vs Reagan GH

Neolib
1NC vs Greenhill LM

Mexico Energy Reform
1NC vs Greenhill LM

Brazil CP
The Federative Republic of Brazil should increase economic engagement towards Mexico in constructing natural gas pipelines.

Contention 1: Solvency
CP solves – Brazil is creating a platform in Latin America to insert itself into the global economy.  Plan offsets Brazilian soft power and hinders the possibility for multipolarity
Christensen, Associate Professor at Aalborg University, 13
(Steen Fryba “Brazil’s Foreign Policy Priorities”, Third World Quarterly, 34:2, 271-286, 4/23/13, taylor and francis, IIN)
¶ Brazil’s foreign policy priorities ... contributor to the imf.

Politics
A. Unique internal link: Immigration Reform will pass – moderate republican push ensures passage
Sargent 10/30/13
(Greg Sargent, Washington Post, October 30 2013, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2013/10/30/immigration-reform-is-definitely-undead/, Accessed November 1, 2013, JD)

We now have three ... this bill, if necessary.

b. The plan derails immigration reform-Perceived as giving away power to Mexico
Shear, 13 (Michael, NYT White house correspondent, 5/5,  http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/05/world/americas/in-latin-america-us-shifts-focus-from-drug-war-to-economy.html?pagewanted=all, 8/21/13, PB)
Last week, Mr. Obama ... the president of Costa Rica.

C. Impact

1. Increasing green cards generates an effective base of IT experts- solves cybersecurity
   McLarty 9 (Thomas F. III, President – McLarty Associates and Former White House Chief of Staff and Task Force Co-Chair, “U.S. Immigration Policy: Report of a CFR-Sponsored Independent Task Force”, 7-8, http://www.cfr.org/ publication/19759/us_immigration_policy.html)
   We have seen, ...our security needs.

2. Cyberterrorism will cause accidental launch that triggers the Dead Hand and nuclear war
Fritz 9 (Jason, BS – St. Cloud, “Hacking Nuclear Command and Control”, Study Commissioned on Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament, July, www.icnnd.org/Documents/Jason_Fritz_Hacking_NC2.doc)
Direct control of launch
The US uses the ... and accusations between governments.

Tournament: UT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Houston Academy for Intl MV | Judge: Kanan Boor
T
a. The violation – the plan text is unnecessarily vague – doesn’t specify what reduction or what restrictions the plan implicates or even what business the plan is targeted at
b. Prefer our view of plan texts and debate 

1. Predictable ground – the plan text allows the aff to spike out of DA links by saying they do not repeal Section 211 or alter the embargo proper.  They could instead argue that they simply modify how trademarks are given.  Their plan also guts CP ground – we should be able to find an alternative way to deal with their IPR based advantages.  Our guess is that they will say they are the cp to any cp we run about Section 211.
   2. Solvency advocate – independent voter --- they have no solvency advocate that argues for vague reductions in restrictions.  In fact their solvency authors all advocate for changes to Section 211 or to approach to US law on trademarks.  Proves that there is a mismatch between their plan and their solvency.  Voter for competitive equity.  Even if you don’t want to punish for a lack of solvency advocate, you should at least vote neg on presumption because they do not meet the basic stock issue of solvency.   
   3.  Predictable limits – there is an unlimited number of changes that the aff could defend even if the plan only targets on business that was targeted by the Castro government.  NO substantive limits on the what the plan advocates or could do.  

Neolib
Property rights entrench domination of the commons by the neoliberal state—directly expand globalization
Gindin, Professor of Social Justice and Political Science, York University, ormer Research Director, Canadian Regime of the United Auto Workers, 2002 (Sam, Monthly Review, “Anti-Capitalism and the Terrain of Social Justice,” February, http://www.monthlyreview.org/0202gindin.htm, last accessed 11.17.09, RG)
It is not ... of neoliberal globalization.

Impact – continued spread of neoliberalism leads to planetary collapse
Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois,  2010
(Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED  
It is fitting ... walk the earth. 

C Alternative -- As an intellectual your rejection of capitalism has emancipatory results relentless criticism allows capitalism to be challenged.
Kovel Professor of Social Studies at Bard 2002
(Joel, , The Enemy of Nature, p224)
Relentless criticism can ...responsibility for intellectuals.

CP
Text:  The government of the United States should adopt the World Intellectual Property Organization Recommendations Concerning Provisions on the Protection of Well-Known Marks.  We’ll clarify  
Solves IPR harmonization – and is a move away from what their authors are criticizing.  Adoption of standard ensures that there is harmonization and a move away from territorially based trademarks
Pava, J.D. Candidate, Emory University School of Law 2011 – their author
(Mindy “COMMENT: THE CUBAN CONUNDRUM: PROPOSING AN INTERNATIONAL TRADEMARK REGISTRY FOR WELL-KNOWN FOREIGN MARKS” 25 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 631 accessed lexis tm 10-30)
In formulating a ... with the mark. n84

China
A. uniqueness - China is sustaining economic activity with Cuba
LeoGrande 13 – professor in the Department of Government, School of Public Affairs at American University in Washington, D.C. (William M, “The Danger of Dependence: Cuba's Foreign Policy After Chavez”, April 2, 2013, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/12840/the-danger-of-dependence-cubas-foreign-policy-after-chavez, 10/7/13, PB)
As China's rapid growth... to raw materials.

B. link - Increased US engagement with Cuba crowds out China - China views Mexico and Cuba as holding highly strategic value
Hearn ‘9 (Adrian, Ph.D., is a Research Fellow at the University of Sydney and at the University of San Francisco Center for the Pacific Rim. “China’s Relations with Mexico and Cuba: A Study of Contrasts,” Pacific Rim Report No. 52, January 2009, www.pacificrim.usfca.edu)-mikee
In terms of ... to respond effectively.

C.  Internal link and impact – China soft power
1.China’s influence in Latin America is key to their soft power
Malik, 06 – PhD in International Relations (Mohan, "China's Growing Involvement in Latin America," 6/12, http://uyghuramerican.org/old/articles/300/1/info@uyghuramerican.org)
China's forays into ... cooperation and arms sales. 

2.Chinese international influence is an existential impact – it controls every scenario for extinction
Zhang 2012 (Prof of Diplomacy and IR at the Geneva School of Diplomacy. “The Rise of China’s Political Softpower” 9/4/12 http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2012-09/04/content_26421330.htm)
As China plays an ... surprise the world.

Biotech Bad
Turn: Biotech makes extinction inevitable
Wilson, Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, ’12 (Grant, “Minimizing Global Catastrophic and Existential Risks from Emerging Technologies Through International Law”, November 21, 2012, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2179094, accessed 10/22/13, JF)
Mankind is rapidly developing... participation in decision making.

turn - biotech is the key internal link into an extinction level attack
Wilson, Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, ’12 (Grant, “Minimizing Global Catastrophic and Existential Risks from Emerging Technologies Through International Law”, November 21, 2012, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2179094, accessed 10/22/13, JF)
The threat of the malicious...escape or be stolen

turn -- transhumanism—genetically engineered humans ensure global war and genocide
Wilson, Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, ’12 (Grant, “Minimizing Global Catastrophic and Existential Risks from Emerging Technologies Through International Law”, November 21, 2012, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2179094, accessed 10/22/13, JF)
A final GCR/ER arising ... engineered humans present a GCR/ER.

Tournament: Arlington | Round: 1 | Opponent: Law Magnet SS | Judge: Drew Marshall
T
Interpretation – Economic engagement involves government-to-government interaction—
Haass and O’Sullivan, formerly a senior aide to President George Bush and is Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution, Washington DC, Meghan, Fellow with the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution 00
(Richard, , “Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies,” Summer 2000, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf)
Architects of engagement strategies ... the form of  engagement.

Violation – The Affirmative only engages with non government bodies not the government 

Prefer our Interpretation - Provides best context for the resolution, provides a clear brightline on what is and isn’t topical

Topicality is a voting issue for competitive equity

Limits – forcing the aff to defend solvency evidence which specifies both an incentive and behavior key to check infinite amount of economic interaction
Education – the interp is key to topic specific education and actually reflects how US government engages with foreign nations

Coloniality
The notion of citizenship is a repressive rhetorical strategy that produces disciplinary narratives in service to modernist history
Mignolo 2k
(Walter Mignolo, Professor of Literature and Romance Studies at Duke University, “Local Histories/Global Designs,” 203-204)
Since Chakrabarty's argument ... is Chakrabarty's dilemma.

Coloniality generates a permanent state of exception that is the root cause of the death ethics of war and underwrites a hellish existence where death, murder, war, rape, and racism are ordinary
Maldonado-Torres 08
(Nelson Maldonado-Torres, associate professor of comparative literature at Rutgers, 2008, “Against War: Views from the Underside of Modernity, p. 217-221)
Dussel, Quijano, and Wynter lead us ... a Manicheanism, as Fanon suggested." 

Our alternative is to reject the affirmative – when confronted with colonial projects the only ethical response is radical negativity. We are compelled to delink from modernity.
Mignolo 09
Walter D. Mignolo, Epistemic Disobedience, Independent Thought and Decolonial Freedom, Theory and Culture 2009, published 2009
ONCE UPON a time scholarsassumed ... the final judgment.1

CP
Text: Major League Baseball of the United States should amend Rule 4 (a) and Rule 3 (a)(1) to permit the drafting of Cuban players and allow newly drafted players to sign contracts with teams that draft them.  Major League Baseball should also impose a moderate tax on teams that draft for designed to support both the Cuban baseball infrastructure, and the Cuban scouting efforts of all teams.  We’ll clarify. 

Solves the DA and the case
Baseball diplomacy solved by providing support to players and the Cuban league
Greller, * J.D. Candidate, May 2000, American University Washington College of Law; B.A., History, 1996, Haverford College, ‘99
(Matthew, “Give Me Your Tired, Your Poor, Your Fastball Pitchers Yearning for Strike Three: How Baseball Diplomacy Can Revitalize Major League Baseball and United States – Cuba Relations”, Lexis Nexis, accessed on 11/7/13, BT)
To remain close to the Cuban government's desire to respect the principles of Cuban sports  n226 and ... safely move to Third Base.

China SOI
A. uniqueness - China is sustaining economic activity with Cuba
LeoGrande 13 – professor in the Department of Government, School of Public Affairs at American University in Washington, D.C. (William M, “The Danger of Dependence: Cuba's Foreign Policy After Chavez”, April 2, 2013, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/12840/the-danger-of-dependence-cubas-foreign-policy-after-chavez, 10/7/13, PB)
As China's rapid growth... to raw materials.

B. link - Increased US engagement with Cuba crowds out China - China views Mexico and Cuba as holding highly strategic value
Hearn ‘9 (Adrian, Ph.D., is a Research Fellow at the University of Sydney and at the University of San Francisco Center for the Pacific Rim. “China’s Relations with Mexico and Cuba: A Study of Contrasts,” Pacific Rim Report No. 52, January 2009, www.pacificrim.usfca.edu)-mikee
In terms of ... to respond effectively.

C.  Internal link and impact – China soft power
1.China’s influence in Latin America is key to their soft power
Malik, 06 – PhD in International Relations (Mohan, "China's Growing Involvement in Latin America," 6/12, http://uyghuramerican.org/old/articles/300/1/info@uyghuramerican.org)
China's forays into ... cooperation and arms sales. 

2.Chinese international influence is an existential impact – it controls every scenario for extinction
Zhang 2012 (Prof of Diplomacy and IR at the Geneva School of Diplomacy. “The Rise of China’s Political Softpower” 9/4/12 http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2012-09/04/content_26421330.htm)
As China plays an ... surprise the world.

Heg Bad
same as 1NC Round 2 vs WT White MA

Tournament: UC Berkeley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Rowland Hall RU | Judge: Seth Blackmon
Neolib
Lifting Embargo promotes US neoliberalism which overwhelms Cuban sustainable ag
Gonzalez, Assistant Professor at Seattle University School of Law, ‘03
(Carmen G., Seasons of Resistance: Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security in Cuba, p. 729-33, accessed on 8/21/13, BT)
Notwithstanding these problems... crisis and isolation. 

Impact – continued spread of neoliberalism leads to planetary collapse
Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois,  2010
(Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED  
It is fitting to begin ...with whom we walk the earth. 

C Alternative -- As an intellectual your rejection of capitalism has emancipatory results relentless criticism allows capitalism to be challenged.
Kovel Professor of Social Studies at Bard 2002
(Joel, , The Enemy of Nature, p224)
Relentless criticism can delegitimate ...responsibility for intellectuals.

CP
Text - The United States federal government should enter into a Space-Solar Energy Consortium with China, Japan and Russia.  We’ll clarify 

Contention 1 – avoids politics and solve china and warming impact
And we solve the climate advantage better and faster
Now is key – SPS solves climate change and the tech is ready to slow the rate
Hadhazy, Staff writer for the Scientific American, 9
(Adam Hadhazy, scientific american, 4/16/9, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=will-space-based-solar-power-finally-see-the-light-of-day, 6/23/11, KJ)
Pacific Gas and Electric Co...director of the CSP.

Politics
unique internal link -- Obama needs to use political capital and push Congress to get it passed and overcome opposition
Hughes and Ferraro, Reuters, January 30, 2014 (Krista/Thomas, “Analysis: White House hopes for fast-track trade hit political tangle,” accessed at http://kfgo.com/news/articles/2014/jan/31/analysis-white-house-hopes-for-fast-track-trade-hit-political-tangle/, DL)
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - President Barack ... of the elections.

Massive public and lobby support for new agricultural trade policy with Cuba
Rep. Peterson, House congress member, 07/29/10
( Collin, Trade, travel with Cuba the right policy, right now, The Hill, http://thehill.com/opinion/op-ed/111741-trade-travel-with-cuba-the-right-policy-right-now, Accessed: 1/24/14, CD)
It isn’t every ... we produce best. 

Internal link and impact –
TPA eliminates opportunity to revise bad agreements – allows agreements like the TPP that destroy the environment
Nash-Hoff, Huffington Post contributor, 7-10-13
Huffington Post, “The Trans-Pacific Partnership Trade Agreement Would Harm Our Environment”, Lexis, accessed 7-12-13 * note that the links in this card are links to the articles that the Nash-Hoff article links to from the site
Jul 10, 2013 (The Huffington com/ Delivered by Newstex)
Proponents say that... "fast track authority."

Environment  key to human survival and economic vitality
Mutel, 2007, The Emerald Horizon: The History of Nature in Iowa, University of Iowa historian of science, Cornelia, p. xvi-xvii
There is little ... since life began.

Ag
No solvency- Cuba agriculture is failing now, state control over the agriculture sectors has caused massive inefficiency’s in their agriculture sector
FRANK, Reuters Havana Reporter , Tue Jul 30, 2013
(MARC, Cuba reports little progress five years into agricultural reform, Reuters, http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/07/30/uk-cuba-reform-agriculture-idUKBRE96T0VK20130730, Accessed: 12/3/13, CD)
(Reuters) - Agriculture in Cuba ... fertilizer and other supplies.

Biodiversity impacts are overblown – history proves the environment and species are resilient
Kareiva et al, Chief Scientist and Vice President, The Nature Conservancy, 2012
(Peter, Michelle Marvier, professor and department chair of Environment Studies and Sciences at Santa Clara University, Robert Lalasz, director of science communications for The Nature Conservancy, Winter, “Conservation in the Anthropocene,” http://thebreakthrough.org/index.php/journal/past-issues/issue-2/conservation-in-the-anthropocene/)
As conservation became ... and arguably even longer.

Turn – focusing on traditional production reinforces slash and burn – kills the environment
Avery, 1998 (Dennis T., senior fellow at the Hudson Institute in Washington, D.C., and director of the Center for Global Food Issues, “smoke signals slash-and-burn farmers threaten environment,” Tulsa World, June 7, proquest)
Huge clouds of ...the slash-and-burn farmers.

Turn – Organics kill nutrition and are impossible to regulate
McWilliams, 2008 (James E., fellow in the Agrarian Studies Program at Yale University and associate professor of history at Texas State University, “Rusted Roots: Is organic agriculture polluting our food with heavy metals?” Slate Magazine, http://www.slate.com/id/2198756/pagenum/2)
These findings might... to the problem.

Turning away from industrial agriculture dooms billions to starvation
Shapin, 2006 (Steven, Frank L. Ford professor of history of science at Harvard, “Paradise Sold,” May 15, http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/05/15/060515crat_atlarge?currentPage=all)
Pollan seems aware ... on the planet.

Industrial agriculture solves famine – all data agrees
Staniford, 2008 (Stuart, scientific consultant and peak oil expert, physics PhD, “Food to 2050,” http://www.theoildrum.com/node/3702#more)
The first gasoline... your calorie input.

Can’t solve warming—positive feedback cycles gut solvency
Chestney, Senior Environmental Markets Correspondent, 2012
(Nina, Reuters “Global warming close to becoming irreversible-scientists” March 26, 2012, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/26/us-climate-thresholds-idUSBRE82P0UJ20120326) CKP
For ice sheets ... from the atmosphere

Climate change does not lead to conflict
Holtermann et al, Doctoral researcher at PRIO, Winter 2011
(Helge, International Security Vol. 36, No. 3 pg 79-106 “Climate Wars? Assessing the Claim That Drought Breeds Conflct”) CKP
This study offers ... context of policy advice and practice.

No correlation between drought and conflict—studies prove
Holtermann et al, Doctoral researcher at PRIO, Winter 2011
(Helge, International Security Vol. 36, No. 3 pg 79-106 “Climate Wars? Assessing the Claim That Drought Breeds Conflct”) CKP
In his acceptance... and socioeconomic development.

Organics are no more sustainable than industrial methods – has just as a large a carbon footprint
Shapin, 2006 (Steven, Frank L. Ford professor of history of science at Harvard, “Paradise Sold,” May 15, http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/05/15/060515crat_atlarge?currentPage=all)
Success is not ... a bean-counter culture.

Relations
Cuba Not Key –China has other LA interests - none of their impact evidence is specific to Cuba
The Economist 2013
(June 6 http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2013/06/economist-explains-3 accessed tm 9/22)
However, as our ... to stay relevant.

Chinese aggression doesn’t translate into military challenges—multiple reasons, empirically proven
Zakaria, columnist for Newsweek, editor of Newsweek International, host of CNN’s Fareed Zakaria GPS, 2009
Fareed, THE POST AMERICAN WORLD, pp. 126-7, Google Books RG
The Chinese understand... is ever fought.’”

No war with Taiwan—economic agreements, improved relations with China prove
Snyder, Adjunct Senior Fellow for Korea Studies, 2009
Scott A., CFR, “Taiwan’s Deteriorating Strategic Position and Cross-Strait Relations,” May 11, http://www.cfr.org/publication/19370/taiwans_deteriorating_strategic_position_and_crossstrait_relations.html, last accessed 12.30.10 RG
President Ma's policy ... the cross-strait relationship.

No timeframe or probability—no war over Taiwan’s independence—new leadership solves tensions
Lee, Analyst, Council on Foreign Relations, 2009
Youkyung, CFR, “Backgrounder: China-Taiwan Relations,” August 11, http://www.cfr.org/publication/9223/chinataiwan_relations.html, last accessed 12.29.10 RG
China and Taiwan, while ... mainland have improved.

No war with Taiwan—the ROC and China are too economically reliant—neither wants conflict
Romberg, Distinguished Fellow, Director of East Asia Program, Henry L. Stimson Center, Council on Foreign Relations, 2008
Alan D., interview with CFR, “Romberg: Election of New President in Taiwan Likely to Improve Taiwan-China Relations,” March 24, http://www.cfr.org/publication/15798/romberg.html, last accessed 12.24.10 RG
There is. I don’t ... a popular one.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: University School of Nashville KW | Judge: Sam Shore
T
Our   Interpretation is that “economic engagement” means the aff must be an exclusively economic action – it cannot encompass broader forms of engagement
Jakstaite 10 - Doctoral Candidate Vytautas Magnus University Faculty of Political Sciences and Diplomacy (Lithuania) (Gerda, “CONTAINMENT AND ENGAGEMENT AS MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES” BALTIC JOURNAL OF LAW and POLITICS VOLUME 3, NUMBER 2 (2010), DOI: 10.2478/v10076-010-0015-7)

The approach to engagement ... improve bilateral relations.

b.  Violation – the affirmative increases border infrastructure
c.  That’s a voting issue

1.  Predictable Limits – allowing infrastructure opens up transportation infrastructure between the U.S. and Mexico to increase bilateral relations, which explodes the topic and increases the research burden,
   2.  Predictable Ground – all of the negative links are based on economic engagement, means we will never have any core – kills clash.
   3.  Topic education – transportation infrastructure was last year’s topic.  
   4.  Effects Topicality – they increase the infrastructure, which then increases bilateral relations.  At best, they do not solve for their affirmative.
   5. Extra Topical- the cooperative investment portion of the plan allows them to garner more relations and allow them to inherently fiat that mexico would say yes

China
A. China and US are competing for influence in Mexico – and China is ahead
Ellis, associate professor with the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, 13
(R. Evan, Foreign Policy “China's New Backyard”, June 6, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/06/06/china_s_new_backyard_latin_america, date accessed 10/7/13, EIL)
For the past decade... of the United States.

B. Improved US-Mexico relations crowd out China
Fischer, analyst for Capitol Media, ‘12
(Howard, “Fox says US-Mexico ties deter China's influence”, AZ Star Net, August 14, http://azstarnet.com/news/local/border/fox-says-us-mexico-ties-deter-china-s-influence/article_b8fd3834-acdc-5b33-b1fb-d983fdf8d2de.html, accessed on 10/7/13, BT)
Former Mexican President ... this country's economy.

C. Internal Link and Impact 

1. China’s influence in Latin America is key to their soft power
   Malik, 06 – PhD in International Relations (Mohan, "China's Growing Involvement in Latin America," 6/12, http://uyghuramerican.org/old/articles/300/1/info@uyghuramerican.org)
   China's forays into ... cooperation and arms sales. 

2. Chinese international influence is an existential impact – it controls every scenario for extinction
Zhang 2012 (Prof of Diplomacy and IR at the Geneva School of Diplomacy. “The Rise of China’s Political Softpower” 9/4/12 http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2012-09/04/content_26421330.htm)
As China plays ... to surprise the world.

CP
Text: The United States federal government should amend relevant definitions in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 to include algae-derived fuels eligible for all tax credits, subsidies, and price supports.
Amending the RFS to include price supports for algae spurs green crude production. This provides clean renewable fuel – solves energy dependence and breaks the food/fuel link
Jason Pyle (Chief Executive Officer, Sapphire Energy) June 12 2008 “Renewable Fuels And Food Prices,” CQ Congressional Testimony
First, let me thank ... sunlight into gasoline. 

Neolib
The shallow ‘green capitalism’ of the aff is used to help profits, not the environment – the aff focus on
Smith, Institute for Policy Research and Development, London, 2011
( “Green capitalism: the god that failed” real-world economics review issue no. 56 march 11 2011 http://climateandcapitalism.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2011/05/Green-capitalism-the-god-that-failed.pdf accessed tm 9/9)
In rejecting the antigrowth ... democratically-planned socialist economy.

Impact – continued spread of neoliberalism leads to planetary collapse
Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois,  2010
(Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED  
It is fitting ... walk the earth. 

C Alternative -- As an intellectual your rejection of capitalism has emancipatory results relentless criticism allows capitalism to be challenged.
Kovel Professor of Social Studies at Bard 2002
(Joel, , The Enemy of Nature, p224)
Relentless criticism can ...responsibility for intellectuals.

Heg Bad
Turn – Heg causes Terrorism
a. Increased hegemony guarantees future terrorist attacks
 Lindsay and Daalder, senior fellows Brookings Institution, Winter 2013
(James M and Ivo H  “The Globalization of Politics: American Foreign Policy for a New Century”
Brookings Review Winter 2003 http://www.cfr.org/world/globalization-politics-american-foreign-policy-new-century/p6330 accessed tm 9/9)
Worse, for the United States... to the United States.

B And, nuclear terrorism leads to extinction
Sid-Ahmed, 2004 (Mohamed, political analyst, August 26 – September 1, Al-Ahram Weekly On-Line, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm)
As it turned out...all be losers.

turn -- Proliferation
A.  U.S. primacy causes nuclear proliferation
Weber et. al, Professor of Political Science at UC-Berkeley and Director of the Institute of International Studies, 2007
(Steven Naazneen Barma, Matthew Kroenig, Ely Ratner, “How Globalization Went Bad”,  January-February 2007, Foreign Policy) SM
The world is ... the same place.

b. And, the impact is extinction
Utgoff, Deputy Director of the Strategy, Forces, and Resources Division of the Institute for Defense Analysis, 2002
(Victor A Survival Vol 44 No 2 Proliferation, Missile Defence and American Ambitions, p. 87-90
In sum, widespread ...even whole nations.

turn -- Economic collapse
A. Trying to maintain hegemony destroys the economy—controlled descent from primacy is a preferable strategy.
Adamson, second-year MAIA candidate at the Johns Hopkins University SAIS Bologna Center and undergraduate degree in Oriental Studies from the University of Oxford, 10,
(Samuel A.  Bolgona Center Journal of International Affairs, Spring 2010 “Supreme Effort: A Lesson in British Decline” http://bcjournal.org/volume-13/supreme-effort-a-lesson-in-british-decline.html accessed tm 9-11) SM
\The aim of this ...to their dethronement.

B. impact economic collapse cause war
Mead, Henry A. Kissinger senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, 2/4/2009,  Walter Russell ,”The New Republic, “Only Makes You Stronger,” http://www.tnr.com/politics/story.html?id=571cbbb9-2887-4d81-8542-92e83915f5f8andp=2
So far, such ...have to fight.

Tournament: Colleyville | Round: 2 | Opponent: Crosby BL | Judge: PJ Martinez
T
A.Interpretation – Economic engagement consists of economic incentives
Hass 2k
(Richard Hass, Director of Foreign Policy Studies, Brookings Institution, Summer 2000, Survival pg 1115)
Similarly, political engagement ... foreign military officers

B.Violation – plan increases political engagement, interrogating institutions of slavery is a form of political engagement

C.T is a voting issue
1.Predictable Limits – allowing diplomatic and military affs triples topic size Limits key to negative prep and clash
2.Ground – neg interp is key to disad and counterplan ground based on economics
3.Extra T – at best the affirmative adds diplomatic and military components outside of the resolution. Extra T is a voting issue because it proves the resolution alone is inadequate to solve the aff harms

Coloniality
Their economics and growth claims rooted in belief of modern/Western superiority—such universalist claims efface the geopolitics of knowledge and negate the Global South
Elabdin 2004
Eiman, Associate Professor and Chair of Economics @ Franklin and Marshall College, Postcolonialism Meets Economics, edited by Eiman Elabdin and S Charusheela 30-31
The place of culture... markets, less competitive” (ibid.: 11). 

Crowding out indigenous knowledge is a violently dangerous proposition that risks extinction through militarism and environmental destruction
Darder 2010
Antonia Distinguished Professor of Education University of Illinois, Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis, Preface
The Western ethos... and peaceful world.

Our alternative is to reject the affirmative – when confronted with colonial projects the only ethical response is radical negativity. We are compelled to delink from modernity.
Mignolo 09
Walter D. Mignolo, Epistemic Disobedience, Independent Thought and Decolonial Freedom, Theory and Culture 2009, published 2009
ONCE UPON a ...for the final judgment.1

Politics
Unique internal link – unpopular policies with Dems hinder Obama’s effective push for TPA
Politico 1/15/14
http://www.politico.com/story/2014/01/obama-trade-agenda-hill-democrats-102177.html#ixzz2rHxVCwvt accssed tm 1/23
The first blow ... back,” Ornstein said.

Link plan popular – increases his ability to push TPA
Republicans and Democrats both view Mexico relations as important
Smeltz and Kafura, 13 - senior fellow, public opinion and
foreign policy at Chicago Council AND at Chicago Council (Dina and Craig, “As President Obama Heads to Mexico, Americans Have Mixed
Views of Neighbor across the Border”, The Chicago Council on Foreign Affairs, 4-29-13, http://www.thechicagocouncil.org/UserFiles/File/130429_Mexico_Brief.pdf, 8/21/13, PB)
Partisan Differences Mainly ... sources of  energy (Figure 11). 

Internal link and impact –
TPA eliminates opportunity to revise bad agreements – allows agreements like the TPP that destroy the environment
Nash-Hoff, Huffington Post contributor, 7-10-13
Huffington Post, “The Trans-Pacific Partnership Trade Agreement Would Harm Our Environment”, Lexis, accessed 7-12-13 * note that the links in this card are links to the articles that the Nash-Hoff article links to from the site
Jul 10, 2013 (The Huffington com/ Delivered by Newstex)
Proponents say that ... "fast track authority."

Environment  key to human survival and economic vitality
Mutel, 2007, The Emerald Horizon: The History of Nature in Iowa, University of Iowa historian of science, Cornelia, p. xvi-xvii
There is little ... since life began.

Terrorism
Terrorists can’t make nuclear bombs—no expertise, equipment, or fissile material
Mueller and Stewart, 2011, Terror, Security, and Money: Balancing the Risks, Benefits and Costs of Homeland Security, Ohio State political science professor, University of Newcastle professor of civil engineering, John; Mark, p. 69-70
As the Gilmore ... far-fetched at best.”

Risk of nuclear terrorism is trivial-- 1 in 3 billion
Mueller, 2010, Issues in Science and Technology, Winter, Ohio State Professor, John, p. http://www.issues.org/26.2/mueller.html
Those who warn ...over three billion. 

Disease
No risk of disease spread—new WHO regulations prevent escalation, widespread infection Stephenson, PhD, member of the American Medical Association, 2005
Joan, Journal of American Medical Association, “Curbing Global Disease Spread,” June 15, http://jama.ama-assn.org.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/content/293/23/2850.1, last accessed 12.31.10 RG
New rules intended ... of global concern.

No disease escalation—empirically proven that countries effectively cooperate to prevent spread Walt, Professor of International Affairs, Harvard University, 2009
Stephen M., Foreign Policy, “What swine flu tells us about global cooperation,” April 30, http://walt.foreignpolicy.com/category/topic/bird_flu, last accessed 12.31.10 RG
Third, public health ... should take note.

Disease rhetoric invokes the imagery of an invading foreigner, this creates a drive to exterminate all that is different, in hopes of keeping the inner-body politic clean
Campbell 98
(David- PHD, Prof of cultural  and poli geog @ U of Durham, Writing Security, p. 98-99,ET)
What has been ... the thing represented.'66 

Ethics
And, placing ethics before consequences leads to violence against those that disagree
Mohawk, Associate Professor of History, SUNY-Buffalo, 2000
John C., UTOPIAN LEGACIES: A HISTORY OF CONQUEST AND OPPRESSION IN THE WESTERN WORLD, p. 4-5
People who believe ... acts of genocide.

And, ethical imperatives legitimize the status quo—it precludes true change
Stavrakakis, Professor of Psychoanalysis, University Essex, 2003
Yannis, Parallax, “Re-Activating the Democratic Revolution: The Politics of Transformation Beyond Reoccupation and Conformism,” Vol. 9, No. 2, Proquest, last accessed 11.19.10 RG
This brings us ... transformative political agenda.  66 

Turn – even if they win that we should have an ethic to the other that just grounds this in a discussion of impacts, it doesn’t trump them.  Even if they win their framework, if they make things worse, they lose.
D. G. Myers, Associate professor of English and religious studies at Texas A and M, “Responsible for Every Single Pain: Holocaust Literature and the Ethics of Interpretation,” Comparative Literature, 51, Fall, 1999, p. 266-288, http://www-english.tamu.edu/pers/fac/myers/responsible.html
Nevertheless, I must ... by our responsibility.

Tournament: TFA State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Elkins FP | Judge: Hunter McCullough
Framework
A.  Interpretation – the affirmative must defend an increase in economic engagement towards Cuba, Venezuela, or Mexico 

B. Violation – the affirmative does not increase economic engagement towards Cuba, Venezuela, or Mexico
“Increase” means to make greater
Webster’s 13
– Webster’s Dictionary. 1913 ("Increase", http://machaut.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/WEBSTER.sh?WORD=increase)
In*crease" , v. i.
To become greater …opposed to decrease. 

Economic engagement includes economic incentives such as investment, aid, loans, tech transfer, removal of sanctions, etc.
Haass 2k
(Robert N. Haass, Director of Foreign Policy Studies, Brookings 2k, Survival, Vol 42, no. 2, Summer, p. 114-115, JD)
Architects of engagement …of these benefits. 

1.Ground – no defense of resolution gives us zero ground to debate on. And our interpretation subsumes their offense – they can run their project through an increase in economic engagement
Ground is key to switch side debate – the affirmatives interp leads us to running the same argument every round aff or neg
Switch-side is key---Effective deliberation is only possible in a switch-side debate – forces critical thinking and better advocacy of one’s positions
Keller et al 1 – Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago (Thomas E., James K., and Tracly K., Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago, professor of Social Work, and doctoral student School of Social Work, “Student debates in policy courses: promoting policy practice skills and knowledge through active learning,” Journal of Social Work Education, Spr/Summer 2001, EBSCOhost)
SOCIAL WORKERS HAVE … to the issue. 

2.Limits – not defending economic engagement allows for any affirmative or advocacy statement – makes being negative impossible – limits key to clash and neg prep. The negative overwhelms research burden and undermine preparedness – limits key to effective decision making
Steinberg and Freeley 8 *Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp45-
Debate is a … the following discussion.

3. Effective deliberation is the lynchpin of solving all existential global problems
Christian O. Lundberg 10 Professor of Communications @ University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, “Tradition of Debate in North Carolina” in Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century By Allan D. Louden, p311
The second major … increasingly complex world. 

CP
Brice and I personally advocate the following counterplan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its economic investment by lifting all sanctions against the government of Cuba.  We’ll clarify.

Counterplan Competes- If they are allowed to Kritik the resolution, the negative should be allowed to go the other way.

There is no permutation – they already stuck their methodological flag in the ground

Net benefit:
The Cuban embargo is the most coercive and punitive policy to reshape the economics of a nation – forces cuba to “dollarize” their economy to combat economic isolation leading to increased crime and violence against afro-cubana women -- – only the embargo replicates the anti-blackness their wilderson evidence is citing
Harrison 2
(Faye V. Harrison, professor of anthropology at the University of Florida, Global Apartheid, “Foreign Policy,and Human Rights,” Summer 2002, http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/fayeharr/images/Global.pdf, Accessed October 29, 2013, JD)
Although structural adjustment…defiant socialist sanctuary.5

This neoliberal logic of disposability underlies all security impacts and results in the extermination of the periphery both symbolically and really
Santos 3
(Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Professor of Sociology at the School of Economics at the University of Coimbra, “Collective Suicide?”, March 28 2003, http://www.ces.fe.uc.pt/opiniao/bss/072en.php, Accessed October 29, 2013, JD)
According to Franz Hinkelammert, … horror and destruction.

K
Reductionist methodology has little philosophical basis which results on little philosophical bases – readings of blacks as the slave are incorrect. Nothing about the affirmative fixes Anti-blackness, only restructures coloniality
Malonado-Torres (Prof @ Rutgers) 2008
(Nelson, Is assistant professor of Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. Against War: Views from the underside of modernity page 98-99) G.L. DDI13r
Fanon did not … insufficiently critical or ethical. 

Coloniality makes war and genocide inevitable
Mignolo 05
(Walter Mignolo, Professor of Romance Languages at Duke University, “The Idea of Latin America,” pg. 11)

The logic of coloniality … and produces coloniality.
Our alternative is to reject the affirmative – when confronted with colonial projects the only ethical response is radical negativity. We are compelled to delink from modernity.
Mignolo 09
Walter D. Mignolo, Epistemic Disobedience, Independent Thought and Decolonial Freedom, Theory and Culture 2009, published 2009
ONCE UPON a time …the final judgment.1

Case
1.Agency Turn
a. Wilderson’s argument is too sweeping, denies Black agency, and links to anti-politics
BÂ 11
(Dr. Saër Maty, Professor of Film – University of Portsmouth and Co-Editor – The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration, "The US Decentred: From Black Social Death to Cultural Transformation", Cultural Studies Review, 17(2), September, p. 385-387)
A few pages into Red, … answers in tow.’ 

b. Denying Agency is independently wrong – should be rejected
Mahoney ’92
(MARTHA R. MAHONEY – Associate Professor, University of Miami School of Law. Southern California Law Review – University of Southern California – March, 1992 – 65 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1283 – lawrev; lexis)
Once exit is defined … inconsistent personal behavior. 

2.Non – falsifiable – Wilderson’s unverifiable generalizations are understandable because he relies on Lacanian and Marxist structuralism – his methodology proves
Wilderson ’10 (Frank, Assoc prof of African American Studies – Cal-Irvine, Red, White, and Black, 23-24)
Throughout this book … structure US. antagonisms.

3.Wilderson essentializes and limits – turning the emancipation they seek.
Ellison ’11
Dr Mary Ellison – University College of Aberystwyth – Review of: Red, White and Black: cinema and the structure of US antagonisms By FRANK B. WILDERSON III (Durham, NC, Duke University Press, 2010),
388 pp. Paper £15.99 – Race 26 Class 53(2) – October-Dec – 2011 – Sage Pubs – also a review of African American Actresses: the struggle for visibility 1900–1960 By CHARLENE REGESTER (Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 2010), 408 pp. Paper 2427.95.
http://rac.sagepub.com.proxy1.cl.msu.edu/content/53/2/100.full.pdf+html
These are two … truly meaningful way.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Greenhill LM | Judge: Tim Mahoney
Mexico Energy Reform
Energy reform will pass
Kerner and Hernandez, Latin America analyst and associate at Eurasia Group,  13
( Daniel, Maria Jose, Mexico Moves Toward a Major Energy Reform , August 21, Foreign Policy, http://eurasia.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/08/21/mexico_moves_toward_a_major_energy_reform, Accessed: 8/26/13) 

President Enrique Peña … remain under state control. 

Nieto’s political capital key to push Pemex reform
Garanton, , journalist in Mexico for oils, and gases  13 (Ana Cristina Garanton “The Energy Mindset of Mexico’s New President,” May 27, 2013, http://www.oilandgasmexico.com/2013/05/28/in-expectation-of-mexico-oil-gas-review-2013//MRG)
The topics covered in … private investment in Pemex. 

Plan unpopular—Mexico constrained by the US policies
Starr , Director, U.S.-Mexico Network, Associate Professor (NTT), University Fellow12 (Pamela K. Starr, Center on Public Diplomacy at the University of Southern California, “U.S.-Mexico Relations and Mexican Domestic Politics,” October 2012, https://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=3andcad=rjaandved=0CD4QFjACandurl=http 3A2F2Fcollege.usc.edu2Fusmexnet2Fwp-content2Fuploads2F20102F102FCamp-Oxford-paper-final.docandei=mTLYUZTDMbOLyQGT14GwCQandusg=AFQjCNH_cqiYTQRo7SFmpfWugH9ABshhCgandsig2=_M2KmLNnt3e8v4vVshc_fQMRG)
The nature, depth, … where Congress has interests. 

Energy reform key to Mexico competitiveness and economy
MBW 13 (Mexico Business Web, “Competitiveness tied to Energy Reform,” July 10, 2013, http://www.mexicanbusinessweb.mx/eng/2013/competitiveness-tied-to-energy-reform//MRG)
Competitiveness tied to energy … new world energy order.

Economic decline will lead to an arms race and nuclear war
Heinberg  senior fellow at the Post Carbon Institute12 (Richard Heinberg, , Conflict and Change in the Era of Economic Decline: Part 2: War and peace in a shrinking economy,” December 12, 2012, http://www.resilience.org/stories/2012-12-12/conflict-and-change-in-the-era-of-economic-decline-part-2-war-and-peace-in-a-shrinking-economy//MRG)
But there is a problem with Pinker’s … wars on any substantial scale

Neolib
Link - Economic and physical integration proposed by the Aff  greases the wheels of global capitalism entrenching disparity further
Robinson, Professor of Sociology at the University of Santa Barbara, 2008
(William I, Latin America and Global Capitalism: A Critical Globalization Perspective, p. 20-1)
By synchronizing each … economic and social sphere.

Impact – continued spread of neoliberalism leads to planetary collapse
Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois,  2010
(Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED  
It is fitting to begin my … whom we walk the earth. 

Alternative -- As an intellectual your rejection of capitalism has emancipatory results relentless criticism allows capitalism to be challenged.
Kovel Professor of Social Studies at Bard 2002
(Joel, , The Enemy of Nature, p224)
Relentless criticism can delegitimate … greater responsibility for intellectuals.

Tournament: StMarks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Polytechnic AA | Judge: Christopher Thomas
T
Interpretation - Economic engagement is distinct from sanctions
Elik 11
(Arda Can Elik, Uppsala University (Department Of Peace and Conflict Research) 2011, Economic Sanctions and Engagement Policies, p. 14)
Therefore
This argument has similarities... albeit it is more costly.(Kroll, 1993)
B. Violation – aff only gets rid of the travel ban sanction not economic engagement
C. Topicality is a voting issue

1. Limits – aff interp explodes limits by allowing plans to both increase engagement and decrease it through negative incentives. Limits key to neg prep and clash
   2. Ground–Sanctionsandnegativeincentivesiskeytonegative ground to check whether or economic engagement is key to debate. Ensures in depth clash and education

Neolib
Link- Their drive to spread democracy to the ‘rest’ legitimates the expansion of capitalism by mystifying class relations as an antagonism between culture.
Wilkie contributor to Red Critique and prof at U of Wisconsin-LaCrosse, 08,
(Rob, Fall/Winter 2008, “Supply-Chain Democracy and the Circuits of Imperialism,” The Red Critique,
http://www.redcritique.org/FallWinter2008/supplychaindemocracyandcircuitsofimperialism.htm accessed tm 9/9) 

On the right, one also ... any explanatory value (Brenner 11; Wallerstein 20; Hardt and Negri, Multitude 150).

Rest of Shell- Same as vs Greenhill LM shell
Case

1. International law is a Eurocentric notion used to objectify and make
   dispensable non-European subjects
   Mignolo 9
   (Walter, Professor of Literature and Romance Studies at Duke University,Dispensible and Bare Lives. Coloniality and the Hidden Political/Economic Agenda of Modernity. HUMAN ARCHITECTURE: JOURNAL OF THE SOCIOLOGY OF SELF- KNOWLEDGE, VII, 2, SPRING 2009, 69-88)
   It was prompted by the¶ “discovery” of ... by European law-makers
   ??
   2. Turn—Anthropocentrism
   A. Giroux’s critical subject is anthropocentric—he places man on an artifical mantle of superiority justifying violence against animals
   Bowers, teaches education and social thought at the University of Oregon,
   Feb 2002
   C A, Toward an Eco-Justice Pedagogy, http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enandlr=andsafe =offandq=cache:rFigy8OJle0J:web.pdx.edu/pdx01401/anecojusticepedagogy2003.pdf+Nietzsche+AN D+Giroux, 10/4/06, Stevens
   A second root metaphor that critical
   ... are part of the problem.
   B. Must reject or risk mass violence
   Best, Associate Professor of Humanities and Philosophy at the University of Texas, El Paso, No Date Given
   Steven, Animal Rights and the New Enlightenment, http://www.animalliberationfront.com/Philosophy/ARNewEnlightenment.htm
   But to whatever degree ... universal ethics that respects all life.

3. Liberal democracy is a racist western fantasy that subjugates non-
western peoples—conditioning aid on democracy is directly imperialist
Conway and Singh 11
(Janet Conway, Department of Sociology at Brock University, and Jakeet Singh, Department of Political Science at Uni Toronto, “Radical Democracy in Global Perspective: Notes From the Pluriverse,” Third World Quarterly, vol. 32, no. 4, pg. 689-706)
In the decade since the ... of the Third and Fourth Worlds.

4. Turn—Global Scholarship
A. Politicizing scholarship destroys cross-boundary exchange—academic freedom from political consideration is critical to global scholarship
Fish, Davidson-Kahn Distinguished University Professor and a professor of law at Florida International University, in Miami, and dean emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Illinois at Chicago, March 15, 2009
Stanley, To Boycott or Not to Boycott, That Is the Question, http://fish.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/03/15/to-boycott-or-not-to-boycott-that-is-the-question/
Whatever their political or ... foundations upon which the community is built.

5. Turn – Tourism
Cuba’s coral reefs have escaped harm from tourism, but are fragile due to rising ocean temps- lifting the US embargo is the biggest threat to the reefs.
Dean ’07- (Cornela- science editor and writer for the New York Times, “Conserving Cuba, After the Embargo,” New York Times, December 25 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/25/science/25cuba.html?pagewanted=all)//
Like corals elsewhere, those in ... were relatively well preserved.

Lifting the embargo would double tourism in one year, crushing all previous attempts at conservation.
Dean ’07- (Cornela- science editor and writer for the New York Times, “Conserving Cuba, After the Embargo,” New York Times, December 25 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/25/science/25cuba.html?pagewanted=all)//
In the late 1990s, Mr. Houck was ... south for the winter.

Tourist development in Cuba produces coastal erosion, increasing the sediment in coastal waters, and devastating tourist attractions- turns case.
Cepero ’04 (Eudel Eduardo- environmental scientist focused on Cuba, part of the Urban Issues and the Environment research staff at the ... areas. Within a period of 15 years,
s (landscapes and beaches) .

The Caribbean is home to the most diverse an unique species- losing species there cuts deep in global biodiversity.
The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund ’12 (“Caribbean Islands Biodiversity Hotspot: Ecosystem Profile Summary,” Critical Ecosystems Partnership Fund, 2012, http://www.cepf.net/SiteCollectionDocuments/caribbean/Caribbean_EP_Summary.pdf)//
also
These services ¶ are especially ...
??changes in its environment.

Tournament: Barkley Forum | Round: 2 | Opponent: StMarks KP | Judge: Adam Grellinger
T

1. Engagement is extending incentives to change behavior – it is more than mere interaction
   Haass and O’Sullivan  2K
   (Richard N. Haass, Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution, and Meghan L. O’Sullivan, Fellow in the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution, vol. 42, no. 2, Summer 2000, pp. 113–35, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1093/survival/42.2.113#preview)
   The term ‘engagement’ ... has important  disagreements.

2. Toward = in the direction of
Merriam Webster 13   
(Marriam Webster Dictionary, 2013, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/toward, Accessed July 17, 2013, JD)
to•ward¶ preposition ... of a scholarship

B. Violation – aff just unilaterally opens up our southern border which allows immigration from anywhere and doesn’t uniquely engage Mexico

C. Standards --
1.Limits – forcing the aff to defend solvency evidence which specifies both an incentive and behavior key to check infinite amount of economic interaction
2.Education – the interp is key to topic specific education and actually reflects how US government engages with foreign nations
3.Ground – allowing the aff destroys core generics based off interaction with Mexico – kills clash
4.Extra Topicality – they can claim advantages off of non-Mexican citizens – impossible to predict 

Neolib
US pursuit of hegemony in the name of stability allows the accumulation of capital and power and use against the other
Haug former professor of philosophy at the Free University of Berlin 2011
(Wolfgang Fritz, “Empire or Imperialism” boundary Summer 2011 e-Duke Journals accessed tm 9/9)
The greatest contradiction... its instrument, became bothersome.

Impact – continued spread of neoliberalism leads to planetary collapse
Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois,  2010
(Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED  
It is fitting ... we walk the earth. 

C Alternative -- As an intellectual your rejection of capitalism has emancipatory results relentless criticism allows capitalism to be challenged.
Kovel Professor of Social Studies at Bard 2002
(Joel, , The Enemy of Nature, p224)
Relentless criticism can ...responsibility for intellectuals.

Entitlement CP
Text: The United States federal government should reform entitlement spending, specifically reforming Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid, as per our Foster evidence. We’ll clarify.

First is competition—counterplan avoids Das 

Next is solvency—entitlement reforms would be easy and save the budget
Foster, PhD, testified before Congress meaning he’s probably qualified enough to be read in a debate round, 2011
J.D., Testimony before Senate Committee on Finance, “Perspectives on Deficit Reduction,” April 13, http://heritage.org/Research/Testimony/2011/04/Perspectives-on-Deficit-Reduction accessed
Spending, of course, ... long-run program viability

And, solving runaway entitlement spending is a prerequisite to maintaining primacy—prefer our future predictive evidence
Holmes, PhD, Vice President, Foreign and Defense Policy Studies, and Director of the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies, 2010
Kim, Heritage Foundation, “Defending Freedom is a Choice,” May 3, http://heritage.org/Research/Reports/2010/05/Defending-Freedom-Is-a-Choice, last accessed 4.17.11 RG
Social spending in ... the historical average.

Politics
Will pass – house leadership on board – but reconciliation with Senate required
Hickey , 1/23/14
(Kate “Breakthrough as key Republican concedes on need for immigration reform” http://www.irishcentral.com/news/politics/Breakthrough-as-key-Republican-concedes-on-need-for-immigration-reform.html  accessed tm 1/24)
A key figure ... to be reconciled.

The plan derails immigration reform-Perceived as giving away power to Mexico
Shear, 13 (Michael, NYT White house correspondent, 5/5,  http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/05/world/americas/in-latin-america-us-shifts-focus-from-drug-war-to-economy.html?pagewanted=all, 8/21/13, PB)
Last week, Mr. Obama ... president of Costa Rica.

Passing unpopular issues breaks cooperation in the House after the budget debate
Journal News 10-17-13
http://www.lohud.com/usatoday/article/3000575  accessed tm 10-17
WASHINGTON - Before the bill to end the budget impasse even hit President Obama's desk Wednesday...work that way."

Increasing green cards generates an effective base of IT experts- solves cybersecurity
McLarty 9 (Thomas F. III, President – McLarty Associates and Former White House Chief of Staff and Task Force Co-Chair, “U.S. Immigration Policy: Report of a CFR-Sponsored Independent Task Force”, 7-8, http://www.cfr.org/ publication/19759/us_immigration_policy.html)
We have seen... our security needs.

2. Cyberterrorism will cause accidental launch that triggers the Dead Hand and nuclear war
Fritz 9 (Jason, BS – St. Cloud, “Hacking Nuclear Command and Control”, Study Commissioned on Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament, July, www.icnnd.org/Documents/Jason_Fritz_Hacking_NC2.doc)
Direct control of launch... accusations between governments. 

Hegemony
Ignore their metrics—snapshots in the Aff evidence ignore long-term trends
Zakaria, columnist for Newsweek, editor of Newsweek International, senior editor for Time, host of CNN’s Fareed Zakaria GPS, 2011
Fareed, Time, “Are America’s Best Days Behind Us?,” March 3, http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2056610-3,00.html, last accessed 4.20.11 RG
I am an American... drivers of economic growth. 

And, our allies perceive a decrease in capacities as a result of budget problems
Rachman, Financial Times chief foreign affairs commentator, former visiting fellow and Fulbright scholar at Princeton University’s Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, 2011
Gideon, Foreign Policy, “Think Again: American Decline,” January/February, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/01/02/think_again_american_decline?page=0,0, last accessed 4.20.11 RG
"America Still Leads Across the Board."
For now. As things stand... become China's backyard. 

Relations
Aff doesn’t boost legal immigration – Mexican economy is doing too well – prefer 5 years recency to their Johnson evidence
O’Neill 12 Shannon O’Neill; February 20, 2012; Mexico's Burgeoning Economy Amid Drug Violence; Senior Fellow for Latin America Studies at Council on Foreign Relations; http://www.cfr.org/mexico/mexicos-burgeoning-economy-amid-drug-violence/p27386
Despite an escalation... the United States.

Status quo solves border problems – prefer the recency to their Baker Institute evidence
Houghton 13
(Richard, Houghton is a writer for Mexico Real Estate News and Blog. 7/23/13. "Mexico Announces $316 Billion Infrastructure Investment Plan". www.investmentpropertiesmexico.com/mexico-real-estate-news-blog/2013/07/mexico-announces-316-billion-infrastructure-investment-plan, accessed 8/23/13, TMcRae)
President Enrique Peña Nieto... on Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula.

No impact - PEMEX reforms guts drug cartels proves there is no incentive for illegal immigration
WOAI 12/11/13
http://www.woai.com/articles/woai-local-news-119078/us-investment-in-mexicos-oil-industry-11897550/#ixzz2pLQPav3A accessed tm 1/3
Vasquez and other ... for drug gangs.

No impact to drug war – media hype only
Barone, 12/31/13
(Micheal, “Pena proves himself and efficient reformer” https://patriotpost.us/opinion/22460  accessed tm 1/3)
Most Americans have ...fallen to zero.

Tournament: Hockaday | Round: 2 | Opponent: WT White MA | Judge: Kent Hutcherson
T
A. Interpretation - Economic engagement is distinct from sanctions
Elik 11   
(Arda Can Elik, Uppsala University (Department Of Peace and Conflict Research) 2011, Economic Sanctions and Engagement Policies, p. 14)

 Therefore economic engagement...is more costly.(Kroll, 1993)

B. Violation – aff only lifts the sanctions and not economic engagement
C. Topicality is a voting issue

1. Limits – aff interp explodes limits by allowing plans to both increase engagement and decrease it through negative incentives. Limits key to neg prep and clash
   2. Ground – Sanctions and negative incentives is key to negative ground to check whether or economic engagement is key to debate. Ensures in depth clash and education

Neolib
1NC Round 2 vs Greenhill LM

China SOI
Unique link -- Engagement is zero-sum – China’s power depends on America’s neglect. The plan reverses the trend, undercutting China’s influence in the region
Kreps ’13 (Sarah E. Kreps and Gustavo A. Flores-Macías are Assistant Professors of Government at Cornell University, “No Strings Attached? Evaluating China’s Trade Relations Abroad,” May 17, 2013, http://thediplomat.com/china-power/no-strings-attached-evaluating-chinas-trade-relations-abroad/)
To be sure, China ... of projecting influence abroad.

B.  Internal link and impact – China soft power 

1. China’s influence in Latin America is key to their soft power
   Malik, 06 – PhD in International Relations (Mohan, "China's Growing Involvement in Latin America," 6/12, http://uyghuramerican.org/old/articles/300/1/info@uyghuramerican.org)
   China's forays into ... intelligence cooperation and arms sales. 

2. Chinese international influence is an existential impact – it controls every scenario for extinction
Zhang 2012 (Prof of Diplomacy and IR at the Geneva School of Diplomacy. “The Rise of China’s Political Softpower” 9/4/12 http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2012-09/04/content_26421330.htm)
As China plays an ... continue to surprise the world.

Politics
A.Will pass – Obama sustained pressure on House will cause GOP cave
AP 11/5/13
(Associated Press, Huffington Post, November 5 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/05/obama-immigration_n_4218015.html?utm_hp_ref=immigration-reform, Accessed November 7, 2013, JD)
President Barack Obama is convening ... care law's enrollment period.

b. Link- Changing Cuban policies is unpopular with Republicans and Democrats
Larison 4/3/13 (Daniel, senior editor at TAC, “Foreign Policy Opportunities for the GOP”, The American Conservative, http://www.theamericanconservative.com/larison/foreign-policy-opportunities-for-the-gop/, 8/23/13, PB)
This is a good idea, but...to view these things

Impact

1. Increasing green cards generates an effective base of IT experts- solves cybersecurity
   McLarty 9 (Thomas F. III, President – McLarty Associates and Former White House Chief of Staff and Task Force Co-Chair, “U.S. Immigration Policy: Report of a CFR-Sponsored Independent Task Force”, 7-8, http://www.cfr.org/ publication/19759/us_immigration_policy.html)
   We have seen, when ... our system, our security needs.

2. Cyberterrorism will cause accidental launch that triggers the Dead Hand and nuclear war
Fritz 9 (Jason, BS – St. Cloud, “Hacking Nuclear Command and Control”, Study Commissioned on Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament, July, www.icnnd.org/Documents/Jason_Fritz_Hacking_NC2.doc)
Direct control of launch
The US uses the two-man ... and accusations between governments. 

Oil Dependency/Hegemony
Turn – Heg causes Terrorism
a. Increased hegemony guarantees future terrorist attacks
 Lindsay and Daalder, senior fellows Brookings Institution, Winter 2013
(James M and Ivo H  “The Globalization of Politics: American Foreign Policy for a New Century”
Brookings Review Winter 2003 http://www.cfr.org/world/globalization-politics-american-foreign-policy-new-century/p6330 accessed tm 9/9)
Worse, for the United States... to the United States.

B And, nuclear terrorism leads to extinction
Sid-Ahmed, 2004 (Mohamed, political analyst, August 26 – September 1, Al-Ahram Weekly On-Line, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm)
As it turned out...we will all be losers.

turn -- Proliferation
A.  U.S. primacy causes nuclear proliferation
Weber et. al, Professor of Political Science at UC-Berkeley and Director of the Institute of International Studies, 2007
(Steven Naazneen Barma, Matthew Kroenig, Ely Ratner, “How Globalization Went Bad”,  January-February 2007, Foreign Policy) SM
The world is paying ...long to get to the same place.

b. And, the impact is extinction
Utgoff, Deputy Director of the Strategy, Forces, and Resources Division of the Institute for Defense Analysis, 2002
(Victor A Survival Vol 44 No 2 Proliferation, Missile Defence and American Ambitions, p. 87-90
In sum, widespread proliferation ... cities or even whole nations.

turn -- Economic collapse
Trying to maintain hegemony destroys the economy—controlled descent from primacy is a preferable strategy.
Adamson, second-year MAIA candidate at the Johns Hopkins University SAIS Bologna Center and undergraduate degree in Oriental Studies from the University of Oxford, 10,
(Samuel A.  Bolgona Center Journal of International Affairs, Spring 2010 “Supreme Effort: A Lesson in British Decline” http://bcjournal.org/volume-13/supreme-effort-a-lesson-in-british-decline.html accessed tm 9-11) SM
\The aim of this essay is ... readjustment to their dethronement.

b.  impact economic collapse cause war
Mead, Henry A. Kissinger senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, 2/4/2009,  Walter Russell ,”The New Republic, “Only Makes You Stronger,” http://www.tnr.com/politics/story.html?id=571cbbb9-2887-4d81-8542-92e83915f5f8andp=2
So far, such half-hearted ... still have to fight. 

Oil Spills
Turn – plan causes drilling.
a)Embargo discouraging Cuban drilling – makes other countries more appealing.
Krauss ‘12
(et al; Clifford Krauss has been a correspondent for The New York Times since 1990. He currently is a national business correspondent based in Houston, covering energy. He covered the State Department, Congress and the New York City police department before serving as Buenos Aires bureau chief and Toronto bureau chief. Before working at The Times, he worked as a foreign correspondent for The Wall Street Journal and was the Edward R. Murrow fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. He is author of “Inside Central America: Its People, Politics and History,” (1991). He has published articles in Foreign Affairs, GQ and Wilson Quarterly, along with other publications. New York Times – November 9, 2012 – http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/10/world/americas/rigs-departure-to-hamper-cubas-oil-prospects.html?_r=0)
The best-case scenario...to drill exploration wells. 

b)Lifting embargo uniquely causes drilling. Prefer daily drilling damage over unlikely accidental catastrophe.
White ‘10
(Jonathan P. White; J.D. 2010, University of Colorado Law School. Mr. White thanks Daniel Whittle, Cuba Program Director, Environmental Defense Fund; Dr. Orlando Rey Santos, Lawyer and Director of the Environmental Directorate, Ministry of Science, Technology, and the Environment (CITMA), Havana, Cuba; and Richard Charter, Senior Policy Advisor, Defenders of Wildlife, for their guidance and input in preparation of this note. Summer, 2010 – Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy – 21 COLO. J. INT'L ENVTL. L. and POL'Y 557 – lexis)
Even without a catastrophe .. nation may inhibit drilling. n162

Tournament: UT | Round: 3 | Opponent: CE Byrd NG | Judge: Brian Kersch
T
A.Interpretation—Increase economic engagement means to make greater, not just change behavior in the debate space
Meriam Webster 13  http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/increase
in•crease      verb \in-?kr?s, ?in-?\       in•creasedin•creas•ing
Definition of INCREASE...: to make greater : augment 2  obsolete : enrich

Engagement is extending incentives to change behavior – it is more than mere interaction
Haass and O’Sullivan  2K
(Richard N. Haass, Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution, and Meghan L. O’Sullivan, Fellow in the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution, vol. 42, no. 2, Summer 2000, pp. 113–35, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1093/survival/42.2.113#preview)
The term ‘engagement’ ... has important  disagreements.

B.Violation—plan does not cause greater economic engagement, only symbolic suicide. Their claim of in-round advocacy is a reason they do not increase economic engagement.
C.Topicality is a voter for
1.Neg Ground—affirmative doesn’t increase engagement, denying us access to all of our links—they can claim to spike out of all DAs because literature on the resolution assumes increase in SQUO engagement, kills competitive equity and opens the floodgates for abuse
2.Topic specific education—Affirmatives that don’t increase engagement are detrimental to increases in topic education early on in the resolution—they don’t drive negatives to perform unique research 

Framework
Interpretation: The affirmative should defend plan of federal government action that increases economic engagement toward one of the topic countries

1. Colon following resolved means USFG is the Agent
   Army Officer School 2004 (5-12, “# 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon”, http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm)
   The colon introduces ... petition the mayor.

2. “United States Federal Government should” means the debate is solely about the outcome of a policy established by governmental means
Ericson 2003 (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)
The Proposition of ...that you propose.
B. Violation: the aff doesn’t defend state action – they only defend in round advocacy
C. Prefer our interpretation of the debate round and vote neg 

1. Predictable Limits: their interpretation allows philosopher of the day affs and an infinite number of personal actions – explodes research burden and destroys competitive debate
   And these limits are key to ensure competitive equity for both teams which is essential to cooperation and outweighs any substantive benefit of their advocacy—decades of social science confirm
   Pearce, director of International Public Policy Research, 7
   (Nick Pearce, March-May 2007, “Fair Rules: Rethinking Fairness,” JDP)
   In the 1970s... treatment generate loyalty and cooperation. 

2.  Predictable Ground – debating USFG action allows for the best opportunity for quality discussion and is key to all neg CP’s, DA links, and K links based off the resolution. Our interpretation allows the aff to discuss their philosophy. It just needs to be grounded in USFG action 

3.Better education - Discussion of state policy is key to skill development and breaking down of preconceived notions about the state and individuals – while helping to break out of traditional pedagogy and enhances active learning—even if we aren’t in positions of power – we’re a better way to access their claims about creativity
Esberg and Sagan 2012
Jane Esberg is special assistant to the director at New York University's Center on. International Cooperation. She was the winner of 2009 Firestone Medal, AND Scott Sagan is a professor of political science and director of Stanford's Center for International Security and Cooperation “NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION: Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy,” 2/17 The Nonproliferation Review, 19:1, 95-108
These government or ... act on information.14

Counter Advocacy
Dallas Jesuit offers the following counter-advocacy:

All United States’ citizens will donate their current wealth to Cuba with the intention this money going to the Cuban dead. All U.S. citizens should then politically surrender to Cuba and agree to become Cuban citizens living within the rules and regulations of their communist economic system. 

This counter-advocacy in net beneficial to the 1AC. Our method is better.
POLITICAL ACTIONS NEED TO INSPIRE THE PUBLIC TO BE EFFECTIVE SITES FOR CHANGE. DRAWING ON THE NATURE OF ENTERTAINMENT AND SPECTACLE IS ESSENTIAL FOR PROGESSIVE POLITICS. THE FAILED PACIFIST MOVEMENT OF THE EARLY 1900s PROVES THIS POINT.
DUNCOMBE, PROFESSOR OF THE HISTORY AND POLITICS OF CULTURE AT NYU, 2007 (Stephen, DREAM: REIMAGINING PROGRESSIVE POLITICS IN AN AGE OF FANTASY, p. 13-17)
Fantasy inspires the... dream with us.

OUR PERFORMANCE PROMOTES A POLITICAL STRATEGY THAT CONFRONTS THE RIGHT WING’S EXPLOITATION OF SPECTACLE AND FANTASY. A GRAND STRATEGY OF PERFORMANCE ALONG WITH SPECIFIC DEMANDS ON THE STATE IS THE BEST WAY TO TRANSFORM THE SYSTEM – THE BROAD NEGATIVE STRATEGY EMBODIES THIS THINKING. FAILURE TO EMBRACE BOTH OF THESE TACTICS CONTINUES TO CEDE THE POLITICAL SPHERE TO THE RIGHT WING.
DUNCOMBE, PROFESSOR OF THE HISTORY AND POLITICS OF CULTURE AT NYU, 2007 (Stephen, DREAM: REIMAGINING PROGRESSIVE POLITICS IN AN AGE OF FANTASY, p. 178-183)
The irony here... It’s a dream.

Case
BAUDRILLARD’S CONCEPTION OF ILLUSION IS FLAWED. EMBRACING FANTASIES WORKS ONLY IF THE AUDIENCE APPRECIATES THAT THE ILLUSION IS NOT REAL – THIS EXPLAINS THE POPULARITY OF LAS VEGAS.
DUNCOMBE, PROFESSOR OF THE HISTORY AND POLITICS OF CULTURE AT NYU, 2007 (Stephen, DREAM: REIMAGINING PROGRESSIVE POLITICS IN AN AGE OF FANTASY, p. 41-48)
This is why ...“Billionaires for Bush.”

PERFORMANCE MUST BE GROUNDED IN TRUTH TO BE EFFECTIVE. BUILDING A SPECTACLE ON A FALSE ASSUMPTION WILL CRUMBLE AS THE LIES OF THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION PROVES.
DUNCOMBE, PROFESSOR OF THE HISTORY AND POLITICS OF CULTURE AT NYU, 2007 (Stephen, DREAM: REIMAGINING PROGRESSIVE POLITICS IN AN AGE OF FANTASY, p. 156)
There is also ... material reality itself.

Tournament: TFA State | Round: 3 | Opponent: Coppell BJ | Judge: Eric Forslund
T
a.Resolved means definite decision
Dictionary.com 13    
(Dictionary.com Unabridged, Random House Dictionary, 2013,  http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/resolved)

re•solve   ri-zolv Show IPA verb… to the full.  
b.The violation – the plan text is unnecessarily vague – doesn’t  specify what reduction or what restrictions the plan implicates or even what business the plan is targeted at
c.Prefer our view of plan texts and debate 

1. Predictable ground – the plan text allows the aff to spike out of DA links by saying they do not repeal Section 211 or alter the embargo proper.  They could instead argue that they simply modify how trademarks are given.  Their plan also guts CP ground – we should be able to find an alternative way to deal with their IPR based advantages.  Our guess is that they will say they are the cp to any cp we run about Section 211.
   2. Solvency advocate – independent voter --- they have no solvency advocate that argues for vague reductions in restrictions.  In fact their solvency authors all advocate for changes to Section 211 or to approach to US law on trademarks.  Proves that there is a mismatch between their plan and their solvency.  Voter for competitive equity.  Even if you don’t want to punish for a lack of solvency advocate, you should at least vote neg on presumption because they do not meet the basic stock issue of solvency.   
   3.  Predictable limits – there is an unlimited number of changes that the aff could defend even if the plan only targets on business that was targeted by the Castro government.  NO substantive limits on what the plan advocates or could do.
   
   CP
   Text:  The Supreme Court of the United States should rule that the well-known marks exception should trump the territoriality principle.  We’ll clarify.  
   Solvency and competition:  Solves best – and avoids the links
   Territoriality principle defines US trademark law – rare cases apply well known marks doctrine
   Pava, J.D. Candidate, Emory University School of Law 2011 – their author
   (Mindy “COMMENT: THE CUBAN CONUNDRUM: PROPOSING AN INTERNATIONAL TRADEMARK REGISTRY FOR WELL-KNOWN FOREIGN MARKS” 25 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 631 accessed lexis tm 10-30)
   The territoriality principle … exist under federal law.

Well known marks provides exception basis for the territoriality principle – limited application the SQuo in US legal system
Pava, J.D. Candidate, Emory University School of Law 2011 – their author
(Mindy “COMMENT: THE CUBAN CONUNDRUM: PROPOSING AN INTERNATIONAL TRADEMARK REGISTRY FOR WELL-KNOWN FOREIGN MARKS” 25 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 631 accessed lexis tm 10-30)
Two recent cases … the foregoing cases.

Politics
Unique internal link—Obama’s political capital is preventing Iran Sanctions
The Times of Israel, February 28, 2014 (Rebecca Shimoni Stoil, staff, “Battle lines drawn in DC over Iran sanctions push”, http://www.timesofisrael.com/battle-lines-drawn-in-dc-over-iran-sanctions-push/#ixzz2v7j8Z6t2)
Reid noted that … President Barack Obama.

Repeal politically unpopular—it is tied up in opposition to weakening the embargo on Cuba
Cardozo Arts and Entertainment Law Review, 2012, (STEALING BACARDI’S THUNDER:  WHY THE PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE  SHOULD STOP REGISTERING STOLEN  TRADEMARKS NOW•, http://www.cardozoaelj.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Farhadian.pdf)

More than a … United States property.
Obama must preserve the veto on Iran sanctions—even the perception that an override could succeed crushes the current Iran deal
AntiWar.com, February 25, 2014 (Jason Ditz, news editor, “Senate GOP Aims to Force Vote on Iran Sanctions Trying to Slip Sanctions Text into Veterans Benefits Bill”, http://news.antiwar.com/2014/02/25/senate-gop-aims-to-force-vote-on-iran-sanctions/)
Though most of … cancel the deal.

Sanctions cause Middle East war
Thomas Buonomo, former U.S. Army Intelligence Officer and specialist in Middle East affairs, January 30, 2014 (“Americans Must Exercise Their Power to Check Congress on Iran Sanctions”,
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/thomas-j-buonomo/americans-must-exercise-t_b_4699196.html)
Iran in November agreed …with her assessment.

The impact is extinction
Jorge Hirsch, professor of Physics at the University of California at San Diego, April 22, 2006, Center for Research on Globalilzation, accessed 4/25/06 http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=viewArticleandcode=HIR20060422andarticleId=2317
JH: Iran is likely … before anybody has prevailed.

Colonialilty
US integration of commercial domestic intellectual property protections is simply code for the propagation of US colonial project
Van Der Bergh, Professor of Law and Economics, Erasmus University, 2003 (Roger, American Law and Economics Review, “Property Rights and the Creation of Wealth,” Vol. 5, Iss. 1, Spring, Proquest, last accessed 11.17.09, RG)
The poorest sectors of … accessible to the poor” (p. 66).

Economics are a tool of US imperialism that control the world through spatialised violence, military control, and global violence.
Escobar 8 (Arturo, Kenan Distinguished Professor at UNC Chapel Hill, Ph.D, University of Calfornia, Berkeley, May 27, Third World Quarterly. Beyond the Third World: imperial¶ globality, global coloniality and antiglobalisation social movements. Third World Quarterly, Vol 25, No 1, pp 207–230)
Before moving on, it …cultures of¶ destruction.

Our alternative is to reject the affirmative – the role of the ballot is to endorse the development of Mexico genomic medicine by Mexico without the help of US as a step toward delinking from the colonial project propagated by the Aff
Mignolo 09
Walter D. Mignolo, Epistemic Disobedience, Independent Thought and Decolonial Freedom, Theory and Culture 2009, published 2009
ONCE UPON a time … the final judgment.1

Tournament: Colleyville | Round: 3 | Opponent: Greenhill MR | Judge: Michael Stroud
Coloniality
US technical assistance for the purpose of creating an integrated commercial domestic intellectual property protections is simply code for the propagation of US colonial project
Van Der Bergh, Professor of Law and Economics, Erasmus University, 2003 (Roger, American Law and Economics Review, “Property Rights and the Creation of Wealth,” Vol. 5, Iss. 1, Spring, Proquest, last accessed 11.17.09, RG)
The poorest sectors ... accessible to the poor” (p. 66).

Trying to better Latin America by forging economic connections is part of a long history of US imperialism – both protectionism and free trade are two sides of the same colonial way of thinking
Grosfoguel 2k
(Ramon, Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies Department at UC Berkeley, “Developmentalism, Modernity, and Dependency Theory in Latin America” Nepantla: Views from South, Volume 1, Issue 2, pg 359-361)
The modern idea that ... raising and meat exports.

Coloniality generates a permanent state of exception that is the root cause of the death ethics of war and underwrites a hellish existence where death, murder, war, rape, and racism are ordinary
Maldonado-Torres 08
(Nelson Maldonado-Torres, associate professor of comparative literature at Rutgers, 2008, “Against War: Views from the Underside of Modernity, p. 217-221)
Dussel, Quijano, and Wynter ... into a Manicheanism, as Fanon suggested." 

Our alternative is to reject the affirmative – the role of the ballot is to endorse the development of Mexico genomic medicine by Mexico without the help of US as a step toward delinking from the colonial project propagated by the Aff
Mignolo 09
Walter D. Mignolo, Epistemic Disobedience, Independent Thought and Decolonial Freedom, Theory and Culture 2009, published 2009
ONCE UPON a time scholarsassumed ...for the final judgment.1

CP
Text – The United States should engage in cooperative dialogue with the People’s Republic of China over the Bayh-Dole model of intellectual property system.  This cooperative dialogue should include, but not be limited to, the Bayh-Dole model of enforcement as well as the implementation of commercial domestic intellectual property protections.  
  
Solves their advantages
Espinel 2k7
(Victoria A., Assistant U.S. Representative for  Intellectual Property and Innovation, Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, Washington, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-110hhrg38337/html/CHRG-110hhrg38337.htm  accessed tm 10-25)
We have been ...protecting intellectual property.

Politics
Unique internal link – unpopular policies with Dems hinder Obama’s effective push for TPA
Politico 1/15/14
http://www.politico.com/story/2014/01/obama-trade-agenda-hill-democrats-102177.html#ixzz2rHxVCwvt accssed tm 1/23
The first blow ... back,” Ornstein said.

Link plan popular – increases his ability to push TPA
Republicans and Democrats both view Mexico relations as important
Smeltz and Kafura, 13 - senior fellow, public opinion and
foreign policy at Chicago Council AND at Chicago Council (Dina and Craig, “As President Obama Heads to Mexico, Americans Have Mixed
Views of Neighbor across the Border”, The Chicago Council on Foreign Affairs, 4-29-13, http://www.thechicagocouncil.org/UserFiles/File/130429_Mexico_Brief.pdf, 8/21/13, PB)
Partisan Differences Mainly ... sources of  energy (Figure 11). 

Internal link and impact –
TPA eliminates opportunity to revise bad agreements – allows agreements like the TPP that destroy the environment
Nash-Hoff, Huffington Post contributor, 7-10-13
Huffington Post, “The Trans-Pacific Partnership Trade Agreement Would Harm Our Environment”, Lexis, accessed 7-12-13 * note that the links in this card are links to the articles that the Nash-Hoff article links to from the site
Jul 10, 2013 (The Huffington com/? Delivered by Newstex)
Proponents say that ... "fast track authority."

Environment  key to human survival and economic vitality
Mutel, 2007, The Emerald Horizon: The History of Nature in Iowa, University of Iowa historian of science, Cornelia, p. xvi-xvii
There is little ... since life began.

Biotech Turns
Turn -- Life sciences triggers the fastest existential risk within the round
Wilson, Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, ’12 (Grant, “Minimizing Global Catastrophic and Existential Risks from Emerging Technologies Through International Law”, November 21, 2012, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2179094, accessed 10/22/13, JF)
Simply defined, bioengineering ... poses an immediate GCR/ER.

Turn: Biotech makes extinction inevitable
Wilson, Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, ’12 (Grant, “Minimizing Global Catastrophic and Existential Risks from Emerging Technologies Through International Law”, November 21, 2012, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2179094, accessed 10/22/13, JF)
Mankind is rapidly developing... participation in decision making.

turn - biotech is the key internal link into an extinction level attack
Wilson, Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, ’12 (Grant, “Minimizing Global Catastrophic and Existential Risks from Emerging Technologies Through International Law”, November 21, 2012, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2179094, accessed 10/22/13, JF)
The threat of the malicious...escape or be stolen

turn -- transhumanism—genetically engineered humans ensure global war and genocide
Wilson, Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, ’12 (Grant, “Minimizing Global Catastrophic and Existential Risks from Emerging Technologies Through International Law”, November 21, 2012, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2179094, accessed 10/22/13, JF)
A final GCR/ER arising ... engineered humans present a GCR/ER.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 3 | Opponent: Highland Park WW | Judge: Christ Leonardi
Framework
A. Interpretation – The affirmative must defend plan action that accesses all parts of the resolution and uses the USFG as its agent
Reasons why this is good and a voting issue 

1. Ground – provides the best access to discussion for both the aff and the neg. Aff defense of federal action is key to cp’s which test USFG action, links to disads which are based off of policy action, and k links which are grounded in the resolution. Also, this interpretation still allows the affirmative to discuss their philosophy as long as they do it in the context of federal action.
   And having ground for both sides is key to two-sided debate and policy discussions
   2. Predictable limits – their interpretation corrupts research by encouraging focus on philosopher of the day instead of substantive research. Our interpretation is key to ensure there is equal literature on both sides of the topic and avoid an putting an unfair research burden on the negative to research every philosophy
   And these limits are key to ensure fairness for both teams which is essential to cooperation and outweighs any substantive benefit—decades of social science confirm
   Pearce, director of International Public Policy Research, 7
   (Nick Pearce, March-May 2007, “Fair Rules: Rethinking Fairness,” JDP)
   In the 1970s, social psychologists … generate loyalty and cooperation. 

3. Topic education – centering education on government policy and the process of economic engagement is key to specific education. We can learn about your philosophy any year, but this is the only resolution in which we can learn the political benefits of transportation

Solves Civic Engagement
i. Education about economic engagement policy equips students with knowledge and skills key to effective civic engagement. Real world implications for discussing the topic
ii. Withdrawal from politics leads to extinction
Boggs, 2000
(Carl, professor of Social Sciences and Film Studies at National University, Los Angeles, The End of Politics, p. 244-245)
The disintegration of political life … shape the future of human societies.

B. Violation – the affirmative does not defend United States federal government action as specified by the resolution
Encarta Online 2005
(http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1741500781_6/United_States_(Government).html, Accessed January 29 2013, JDP)
United States (Government), the combination … centered in Washington, D.C.

C. The role of the ballot is to evaluate the best policy to be adopted

Coloniality K
Trying to better Latin America by forging economic connections is part of a long history of US imperialism – both protectionism and free trade are two sides of the same colonial way of thinking
Grosfoguel 2k
(Ramon, Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies Department at UC Berkeley, “Developmentalism, Modernity, and Dependency Theory in Latin America” Nepantla: Views from South, Volume 1, Issue 2, pg 359-361)
The modern idea that treated … shifted to cattle raising and meat exports.

Coloniality generates a permanent state of exception that is the root cause of the death ethics of war and underwrites a hellish existence where death, murder, war, rape, and racism are ordinary
Maldonado-Torres 08
(Nelson Maldonado-Torres, associate professor of comparative literature at Rutgers, 2008, “Against War: Views from the Underside of Modernity, p. 217-221)
Dussel, Quijano, and Wynter lead us to the … into a Manicheanism, as Fanon suggested.and#34; 

Our alternative is to reject the affirmative – when confronted with colonial projects the only ethical response is radical negativity. We are compelled to delink from modernity.
Mignolo 09
Walter D. Mignolo, Epistemic Disobedience, Independent Thought and Decolonial Freedom, Theory and Culture 2009, published 2009
ONCE UPON a time scholarsassumed … for the final judgment.1

Case
Focus on identity fractures movement ensuring dominance of capital
moufawad
paul PhD in Philosophy,12,
(Josh, Dec 18, 2012, M-L-M Mayhem!: Marxist-Leninist-Maoist reflections “Because and Despite of Identity Politics” http://moufawad-paul.blogspot.com/2012/12/because-and-despite-of-identity-politics.html, Accessed 7/4/13, JB).
Because of… We need a …over from postmodernism.

Focus on individual performance and experience hardens neoliberal control – and allows neoliberal forces to deploy the state for the purpose of expanding control
Dean 09
(Jodi Dean is a professor of political science at Columbia University, Democracy and other Neoliberal Fantasies: Communicative Capitalism and Left politics, Duke University Press, page 10)
When one’s opponent takes …with a coherent alternative.

Focus on localized and specific movements fails – need to unite movements to address neoliberalism
HARVEY 6
(David, distinguished professor of anthropology and geography at the Graduate Center of CUNY, and#34;On Neoliberalism: An Interview with David Harveyand#34; Monthly Review, June 19, http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2006/lilley190606.html)
DH: Yes, I object very much to that … we acknowledge their specificity.

Tournament: Barkley Forum | Round: 3 | Opponent: Houston County JM | Judge: Scott Philips
Framework
a. Violation – the affirmative does not increase economic engagement towards Cuba, Venezuela, or Mexico

“Increase” means to make greater
Webster’s 13
– Webster’s Dictionary. 1913 ("Increase", http://machaut.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/WEBSTER.sh?WORD=increase)

In*crease" , v. i.
To become greater ...opposed to decrease. 

Economic engagement includes economic incentives such as investment, aid, loans, tech transfer, removal of sanctions, etc.
Haass 2k
(Robert N. Haass, Director of Foreign Policy Studies, Brookings 2k, Survival, Vol 42, no. 2, Summer, p. 114-115, JD)
Architects of engagement... of these benefits.

B.  Interpretation – the affirmative must defend an increase in economic engagement towards Cuba, Venezuela, or Mexico

1.Ground – no defense of resolution gives us zero ground to debate on. And our interpretation subsumes their offense – they can run their project through an increase in economic engagement
Ground is key to switch side debate – the affirmatives interp leads us to running the same argument every round aff or neg

Switch-side is key to effective deliberation– forces critical thinking and better advocacy of one’s positions
Keller et al 1 – Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago (Thomas E., James K., and Tracly K., Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago, professor of Social Work, and doctoral student School of Social Work, “Student debates in policy courses: promoting policy practice skills and knowledge through active learning,” Journal of Social Work Education, Spr/Summer 2001, EBSCOhost)
SOCIAL WORKERS HAVE ... to the issue. 

2.Limits – not defending economic engagement allows for any affirmative or advocacy statement – makes being negative impossible – limits key to clash and neg prep. The negative overwhelms research burden and undermine preparedness – limits key to effective decision making
Steinberg and Freeley 8 *Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp45-
Debate is a means ...in the following discussion.

3. Effective deliberation is the lynchpin of solving all existential global problems
Christian O. Lundberg 10 Professor of Communications @ University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, “Tradition of Debate in North Carolina” in Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century By Allan D. Louden, p311
The second major problem... increasingly complex world. 

4. Only portable skill---means our framework turns case
Steinberg and Freeley 8 *Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp9-10
After several days... favored political candidate.

DA
We should be able to agree on something.  The aff’s attempts to claim that we should just clash on their issue rather than the resolution solidifies an “argument culture” that promotes dubious arguments such as Holocaust Denial and Climate Change Deniers – under the guise of debate.  
Tannen, Professor of Linguistics at Georgetown University, 1998
(Deborah, “The Argument Culture,” March 27, 1998, http://www.pbs.org/newshour/gergen/march98/tannen_3-27.html)
DEBORAH TANNEN, Author... show the other side.

The impact – absence of language of commonality entrenches militarism and economic disparity. YOUNG PEOPLE AND EDUCATORS ARE CRITICAL TO THE BROADER SOCIAL MOVEMENT
Giroux, December 2 2013
(Henry A. Giroux currently holds the Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department and a Distinguished Visiting Professorship at Ryerson University, “Hope in the Age of Looming Authoritarianism,” http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/20307-hope-in-the-age-of-looming-authoritarianism)
We live at a ...politics of possibility.

1.College debate cautionary ... exclusion without imploding. 

Neolib
Identity politics are forms of economic engagement and commodity fetishism—our alternative is the only way to deal critically with neoliberalism and other relations of power .  
Wood '7 - prof. of pol. sci. @ York Univ. (Ellen Meiksins, "Democracy Against Capitalism; Renewing Historical Materialism," p.256-263, RG)
In these respects... fragments and 'difference'.

Neoliberlism and its corresponding globalization provide incentive for human trafficking – in all its forms  
RAMONET 11
(Ignacio, Spanish editor of LeMonde, "Neoliberalism's Newest Product: The Modern Slave Trace," Global Research, Aug 3, http://www.globalresearch.ca/neoliberalism-s-newest-product-the-modern-slave-trade/25888)
Responsibility for this ... the process of deglobalisation.

Just Say No – its time to “break-up” with Economic Engagement. As an intellectual your rejection of the neoliberal project is emancipatory.
Kovel Professor of Social Studies at Bard 2002
(Joel, , The Enemy of Nature, p224)
Relentless criticism can ...responsibility for intellectuals.

Case
Analogous to crime victims, our argument is those marginalized in the community deserve a space outside of the procedural mechanisms of debate.  This ensures a full vetting of their experiences with an opportunity for discussion not just punishment of the ballot.  The Aff’s method elevates the judge to a judge and jury – which does not allow the full community an opportunity to explore the experiences of marginalized communities in debate.  This entrenches positions on both sides – without address either the harm or the reaction
Dzur a and Wertheimer 2002
(Albert W.  and Alan, a Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio b John G. McCullough Professor in the Department of Political Science , University of Vermont , Burlington , Vermont “Forgiveness and public deliberation: The practice of restorative justice” Criminal Justice Ethics  Winter spring 2002 access tm 1/18)
Victims also need ... become more fearful."13

Public participation in process good – and allows the debate community to function as a community not as a legalistic system mired in punishment of the ballot.  Procedural justice brought through ballot-centric measures like the aff advocacy only forces us to make no link args or deny our culpability.  It also strips the community of the skills to resolve conflict.  This is a real world impact to our advocacy – only by endorsing the restorative model can debate create a portable skill of conflict resolution
Dzur a and Wertheimer 2002
(Albert W.  and Alan, a Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio b John G. McCullough Professor in the Department of Political Science , University of Vermont , Burlington , Vermont “Forgiveness and public deliberation: The practice of restorative justice” Criminal Justice Ethics  Winter spring 2002 access tm 1/18)
Publicity in deliberative... and compassion for others."26

Tournament: StMarks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Reagan GH | Judge: Matt Carswell
T
Our   Interpretation is that “economic engagement” means the aff must be an exclusively economic action – it cannot encompass broader forms of engagement
Jakstaite 10 - Doctoral Candidate Vytautas Magnus University Faculty of Political Sciences and Diplomacy (Lithuania) (Gerda, “CONTAINMENT AND ENGAGEMENT AS MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES” BALTIC JOURNAL OF LAW and POLITICS VOLUME 3, NUMBER 2 (2010), DOI: 10.2478/v10076-010-0015-7)
The approach to engagement ... improve bilateral relations.
b.  Violation – the affirmative increases infrastructure for internet access
c.  That’s a voting issue

1.  Predictable Limits – allowing infrastructure opens up transportation infrastructure between the U.S. and Mexico to increase bilateral relations, which explodes the topic and increases the research burden, making it impossible for us to prepare.
   2.  Predictable Ground – all of the negative links are based on economic engagement, which means that we will never have any core generics to run against them – kills clash.
   3.  Topic education – transportation infrastructure was last year’s topic.  This year we should be learning about economic engagement.
   4.  Effects Topicality – they increase the infrastructure, which then increases bilateral relations.  At best, they do not solve for their affirmative.
   5. Extra Topical- the cooperative investment portion of the plan allows them to garner more relations and allow them to inherently fiat that mexico would say yes

Brazil SOI
A. Uniqueness - US absence in region provides Brazil opportunity to assert its regional power
Gratius and Saraia, 2013
(Susanne Gratius and Miriam Gomes Saraiva “Continental Regionalism:
Brazil’s prominent role in the Americas” No. 374 /February 2013 http://www.ceps.eu/book/continental-regionalism-brazilE28099s-prominent-role-americas accessed tm 7-15)
¶ There was no agreement ... in South America and the Americas.

B.  US Unilateral action of the plan undercuts the regional position of Brazil – direct tradeoff with position
Rothkopf, 2009
(David, “The Perils of Rivarly”, Center for American Progress, March, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/03/pdf/brazil.pdf, accessed on 7/10/13, BT)
One such subtext is that Brazil ... to assert the differences. 

C – Democracy 

1. Brazil regional hegemony means expanded push for democratization
   Stuenkel School of Social Science (CPDOC) of Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) in São Paulo,
   Brazil - 2013
   Oliver “Rising Powers and the Future of Democracy
   Promotion: the case of Brazil and India”, Third World Quarterly, 34:2, 339-355
   Taylor and Francis accessed tm 7/15
   This brief analysis shows ... fundamental foreign¶ policy goals.

2.  Democratic decision-making is best for the environment, spreads risks proportionately and includes more voices into the equation
Akash Goreeba writing for E-International Relations, an online resource and news outlet for global affairs Environmental Democracy? Does Anyone Really Care? October 26, 2012
http://www.e- ir.info/2012/10/26/environmental-democracy-does-anyone-really-care/
It is not surprising that ... environment a key part of modern life.

Brazil CP
Text:  Brazil should procure then distribute relevant technology in order to provide free, universal internet access to all of Mexico.

Competition – avoids Brazil sphere of influence and politics DA 

Solvency – Brazil can do it
Ferber, MA in IR, 11
(Justin, The City University of New York, “Brazil as a Regional and International Leader”, 12/8/11, https://dspace.cuny.edu/handle/11049/24057, IIN)
Brazil’s frequent non-permanent membership ... and global economic governance.

Politics
A. Unique link – popular president pushing policy puts through CIR the House
Epstein, 10-17-13
(Reid, “Obama’s latest push features a familiar strategy” Politico http://www.politico.com/story/2013/10/barack-obama-latest-push-features-familiar-strategy-98512.html#ixzz2i2AV8mcX accessed tm 10-17)
President Barack Obama made his ... call a vote on a Senate-passed measure.

B. The plan derails immigration reform- Economic engagement with Mexico is politically divisive despite supporters
Wilson 13 – Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International. Center for Scholars (Christopher E., January, “A U.S.-Mexico Economic Alliance: Policy Options for a Competitive Region,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf)
At a time when Mexico is ... it ought to be

Comprehensive immigration reform good – key to US LA relations
Charlene Barshefsky and James T. Hill, US-LATIN AMERICA RELATIONS: A NEW DIRECTION FOR ANEW REALITY? Council on Foreign Relations, 4--12, www.cfr.org
Some enduring problems stand ... interests of other nations. 

US Latin American relations solves warming
Shifter 12. Michael, President of the Sol M. Linowitz Forum Intern-American Dialogue, "Remaking the Relationship: The United States and Latin America" Inter-American Dialogue Policy Report -- April -- www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf
There are compelling reasons for the ... Latin America and the Caribbean

Identity Complexity Case

1. Turn - The state both makes capital a coherent mode of social interaction as well as constitutes the framework for global incorporation of capitalism
   Meszaros 95 (Istavan, Prof. Emeritus @ U of Sussex, Beyond Capital: Towards a Theory of Transition, p 65)
   The modern state as the comprehensive ... with the ‘withering away’ of the state.

2. Turn -- US-Mexico economic engagement will only be used to promote, spread, and entrench neoliberalism throughout both countries.
Mexican Solidarity Network 2011 (Mexican Solidarity Network/Red de Solidaridad con Mexico. 22 December 2011. “Neoliberalism: Mexico- a Neoliberal Experiment” http://www.mexicosolidarity.org/programs/alternativeeconomy/neoliberalism accessed tm 9/9 )
The United States and Mexico have been ... are at the center of the vortex.

3. Turn and you can’t solve – the aff breeds a self-representing site of struggle where an elite few herald the cause of others who are unable to contest the way their demands are represented
Oguibe, 1999
(Olu, prof of Art and African American Studies and interim Director of the Institute for African American Studies @ U of Connecticut, senior fellow of Vera List Center for Art and Politics @ New School, “Connectivity, and the fate of the unconnected,” Social Identities 5:3, EBSCOHost)
From its own intricate history of evolutions ... also enable us to scar her body?

Democracy Case

1. Turn -- Liberal democracy is a racist western fantasy that subjugates non-western peoples—conditioning aid on democracy is directly imperialist
   Conway and Singh 11
   (Janet Conway, Department of Sociology at Brock University, and Jakeet Singh, Department of Political Science at Uni Toronto, “Radical Democracy in Global Perspective: Notes From the Pluriverse,” Third World Quarterly, vol. 32, no. 4, pg. 689-706)
   In the decade since the first World Social ... imperial domination of the Third and Fourth Worlds. 

2. Turn NSA:
The NSA uses overseas systems as a hub
Clayton, staff writer for The Christian Science Monitor, 10/15/13
(Mark, The Christian Science Monitor, “NSA collects e-mail address lists: Can users be protected?;
The NSA snags contact information as it flows through telecommunications servers and other systems overseas, according to a Washington Post report. Not surprisingly, civil libertarians are unhappy with the new revelations.,” 10/15/13, LexisNexis Scholastic, accessed 10/18/13 BH)
Each day the National Security Agency ... on Americans - one way or another.

The NSA creates super computers and pays of companies to access data the people the claim to protect believe is encrypted and safe
Walton, staff writer for WebProNews (member of iEntry network, a world leading media service to IT professionals), 13
(Zach, WebProNews, “NSA Can Break Internet Encryption Technologies,” 9/5/13, http://www.webpronews.com/nsa-can-break-internet-encryption-technologies-2013-09, accessed 10/18/13 BH)
The NSA can see pretty much ... encrypted data is up to no good. 

3. Turn -- The rhetoric of liberal democracy, even from the Left, is uniquely Western—reproduces epistemic colonialty that silences the Global South
Conway and Singh 11
(Janet Conway, Department of Sociology at Brock University, and Jakeet Singh, Department of Political Science at Uni Toronto, “Radical Democracy in Global Perspective: Notes From the Pluriverse,” Third World Quarterly, vol. 32, no. 4, pg. 689-706)
Critical, diverse and radical discourses ... and global coloniality.7

Tournament: NDCA | Round: 3 | Opponent: Westminster LS | Judge: Sam Shore
Neolib
Economic engagement with Cuba is simply code for expanding neoliberalism’s reach
Wenston and Woods ‘08
(Fred and Alan, Alan Woods is a Trotskyist political theorist and author. He is one of the leading members of the International Marxist Tendency, as well as its British affiliate group Socialist Appeal, Vultures hovering over Cuba after Fidel Castro steps down http://www.cjournal.info/2008/02/20/vultures-hovering-over-cuba-after-fidel-castro-steps-down/)

They all … state power at the top.
Impact – continued spread of neoliberalism leads to planetary collapse
Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois,  2010
(Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED  
It is fitting to … we walk the earth. 

C Alternative -- As an intellectual your rejection of capitalism has emancipatory results relentless criticism allows capitalism to be challenged.
Kovel Professor of Social Studies at Bard 2002
(Joel, , The Enemy of Nature, p224)
Relentless criticism …y for intellectuals.

CP
Text:  The executive of the United States should diplomatically engage the government of Cuba through the Organization of American States and convene a summit of foreign ministers from the Americas, including the foreign minister from Cuba, for the purpose of normalize diplomatic relations with Cuba.  

US Incremental Engagement with Cuba through OAS structures good -- enhances OAS institutional credibility
 Perez, Yale Law School, 2010 (David, “America's Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department,” 13 Harv. Latino L. Rev. 187, DL)
Washington should incrementally … and the drug trade. n29

Beef DA
Cuban beef industry dying now - Lifting the embargo would rebuild Cuba’s it through commercial trade with the US
Smith, Southwest Farm Press, 2005
(Ron, More liberalized trade with Cuba could open doors for Southwest, Southwest Farm Press, Dec 15, http://southwestfarmpress.com/more-liberalized-trade-cuba-could-open-doors-southwest, Accessed: 4/10/14, CD)
Many U.S. … they are serious about trade.”

Beef production massively contributes to climate change and destroys global biodiversity.
Dauvergne 8 (Peter, Professor of Political Science and Canada Research Chair in Global Environmental Politics at the University of British Columbia, The Shadows of Consumption, p. 166, AD: 7-7-9)
Industrial ranching has … threat to biodiversity.

Loss of biodiversity is just bad harming health security, agriculture, global economy and cultural practices – ending in extinction   
Mittermeier ‘11
(et al, Dr. Russell Alan Mittermeier is a primatologist, herpetologist and biological anthropologist. He holds Ph.D. from Harvard in Biological Anthropology and serves as an Adjunct Professor at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He has conducted fieldwork for over 30 years on three continents and in more than 20 countries in mainly tropical locations. He is the President of Conservation International and he is considered an expert on biological diversity. Mittermeier has formally discovered several monkey species. From Chapter One of the book Biodiversity Hotspots – F.E. Zachos and J.C. Habel (eds.), DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20992-5_1, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011. This evidence also internally references Norman Myers, a very famous British environmentalist specialising in biodiversity. available at: http://www.academia.edu/1536096/Global_biodiversity_conservation_the_critical_role_of_hotspots)
Extinction is the … to a genuine hotspot.

Politics
Sanctions held off now, but passage causes collapse of negotiations and conflict. Only using political capital prevents a vote on sanctions
Huffington Post, March 25, 2014 (Jacob Glass, Truman-Albright Fellow, “As Iran Nuclear Negotiations Begin, Threat of Increased Sanctions Looms Large” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jacob-glass/as-iran-nuclear-negotiati_b_5024604.html)
Iranian officials … the negotiations over.

Pro-embargo Cuba lobby is very powerful—bipartisan opposition to any changes in Cuba policy
Adams and Trotta, Reuters, February 6, 2014  (David/Daniel, “US policy change on Cuba stalled—by Obama,” accessed at http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/06/us-usa-cuba-idUSBREA150WV20140206, DL)
Across the Florida Straits…PAC ever in history."
Sanctions cause Middle East war
Thomas Buonomo, former U.S. Army Intelligence Officer and specialist in Middle East affairs, January 30, 2014 (“Americans Must Exercise Their Power to Check Congress on Iran Sanctions”,
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/thomas-j-buonomo/americans-must-exercise-t_b_4699196.html)
Iran in … with her assessment.

The impact is extinction
Jorge Hirsch, professor of Physics at the University of California at San Diego, April 22, 2006, Center for Research on Globalilzation, accessed 4/25/06 http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=viewArticleandcode=HIR20060422andarticleId=2317
JH: Iran is likely to … anybody has prevailed.

Reforms
Unique Link – gross-roots movements now transition away from Castro regime, but preventing new funding key
Cave 14
(Damien Cave, New York Times, March 4 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/05/world/americas/as-cubas-economy-opens-a-bit-some-who-fled-castro-return-to-help.html?_r=0, Accessed March 5, 2014 , JD)
Many of the first … established Cuban-American elite.

Impact - Castro’s reforms only promote state companies who exploit laborers and increase oppression, turns case
Campos 14
(Pedro Campos, Havana Times, February 26 2014, http://www.havanatimes.org/?p=102093, March 5, 2014, JD)
¶ HAVANA TIMES — Cuban President Raul …a form of socialism.

Tournament: UC Berkeley | Round: 4 | Opponent: CE Byrd GN | Judge: Paul Leader
T
Our interpretations—Economic engagement requires a quid pro quo—to give the term meaning beyond economic activity  
Haas and O'Sullivan 00. Richard N., former senior aid to President George bush, and Meghan L., Brookings Foreign Policy Studies Program fellow, Honey and Vinegar: Incentives, Sanctions, and Foreign Policy, http://brookings.nap.edu/books/0815733550/html/203.html#pagetop, 1-2
The term engagement ... has important disagreements.

B.  Violation—the affirmative plan does not represent an economic engagement in the form of a QPQ – the aff only engages in symbolic suicide without requiring reciprocation by Cubans  in fact they explicitly reject any reciprocation requirement 

C.  Our interpretation is superior and is a voting issue 

1.Preserves the term of art nature of the phrase economic engagement as distinct from economic activity or mere engagement in the general sense of any interaction—this provides a better in and out of round value for topicality
2.Creates more competitively equitable and more strategic debates based on the literature of international relations and foreign policy which produces much better debatable ground.  Requiring a qpq is key to disad links, case args, and kritiks based on using foreign policy tools.  Their interp explodes the topic, crushing neg predictability.
3.Topic Education- debating quid pro quos allows plans with more nuance than just increasing US contact or interaction- it better reflects the proposals in the literature.  
4.Provides a clear brightline for determining topicality and the jurisdictional nature of topicality—it is easy to look at the plan or advocacy statement to determine the representation of a QPQ – their K of topicality ignores jurisdiction issues  

Embargo CP
Brice and I personally advocate the following counterplan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its economic investment by lifting all sanctions against the government of Cuba.  We’ll clarify 

It competes: their theorizing of the death of debate cedes decision-making to corrupt technocrats – we choose directly intervene rather than wallow in death the counterplan is an impact turn to their AFF
Cook, 1994
(Deborah, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Windsor, “Symbolic Exchange in Hyperreality,” Baudrillard: A Critical Reader, pg. 154-155)
Baudrillard’s appeal to ... easily be disputed. 

Net benefit:
The Cuban embargo is the most coercive and punitive policy to reshape the economics of a nation – forces cuba to “dollarize” their economy to combat economic isolation leading to increased crime and violence against afro-cubana women -- – only the embargo replicates the economic IRRATIONALITY their first Baudrillard evidence is talking about
Harrison 2
(Faye V. Harrison, professor of anthropology at the University of Florida, Global Apartheid, “Foreign Policy,and Human Rights,” Summer 2002, http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/fayeharr/images/Global.pdf, Accessed October 29, 2013, JD)
Although structural adjustment... defiant socialist sanctuary.5

This neoliberal logic of disposability underlies all security impacts and results in the extermination of the periphery both symbolically and really
Santos 3
(Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Professor of Sociology at the School of Economics at the University of Coimbra, “Collective Suicide?”, March 28 2003, http://www.ces.fe.uc.pt/opiniao/bss/072en.php, Accessed October 29, 2013, JD)
According to Franz ... horror and destruction.

Baudrillard Bad
Their Baudrillard 2009 ev is wrong -- The failed predictions of recent years was a result of bad political policies and ideologies – economic theories had the answers no need to reject economic analyses
Krugman 1/6/13 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economics, Professor of Economics and International Affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University, Centenary Professor at the London School of Economics, and op-ed columnist for The New York Times (Paul Krugman, 6 January 2013, “The Big Fail,” The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/07/opinion/krugman-the-big-fail.html?_r=3and)//KP
It’s that time ... learn from experience.

2.  Their shrill indictment of economic decision making is flawed – and they don’t provide an alternative to what they K by engaging in symbolic suicide – their evidence that discusses this only says that this is a way for people to exercise control over the unknowable end of their life – this ISNT a reason why symbolic suicide would provide control over the economic systems that are virtual 

3.  Turn – elitism
By attempting to eradicate the fear of death, they turn confrontation into an obsession. Their claim to have a genuine relationship to death is an elitist fantasy – reason to reject their method
Dollimore, 1998
(Jonathan, Sociology – U Sussex, Death, Desire and Loss in Western Culture, pg. 221)
Jean Baudrillard presents ... and irreducibly traumatic.

This form of intellectual elitism turns debate into a training ground for authoritarianism – turns their claims to reform the community
Thorkelson 7
(Eli, grad student in sociocultural anthropology at the University of Chicago, “Knowledge as ideology: Lycée philosophy classes and the category of the intellectual,” Online: http://decasia.org/papers/knowledgeideologies.pdf)
These virtues are ... are to embrace. 

4.  Vote neg to reject Baudrillard’s ascension in debate and political theory – his assertations lack basic evidence to support them-just because TV exists does not mean we are in the TV now AND his claims about the use of media as political strategy are untrue – even if we lose the rest of the debate you could vote here
Denis Dutton 1990 Philosophy and Literature 14 (1990): 234-38. http://denisdutton.com/baudrillard_review.htm
The editor who ... never will come.”

Method Bad
Turn - The aff’s prioritization of deconstruction of existing modes of thinking divorces their advocacy  from solutions to real world issues
Lawrence Grossburg, University of Illinois, We Gotta Get Outta This Place, 1992, p. 362-364
In their desire ... of, different structures.

2.  vote neg - Can’t evaluate their methods first – their theory about how the world should work is just that – a theory no reason to prioritize it above any other – if we win some risk you should use the state action as good proves you can incorporate their perspective without a zero sum tradeoff with other arguments no role of the ballot
(  ) We don’t need to win our epistemology is perfect – but it’s better to try and understand the world through flawed empiricism than just give up on all meaning – it’s key to persuading audiences
Sil 2k
Rudra Sil, assistant professor of Political Science at University of Pennsylvania. “Against Epistemological Absolutism: Toward a “Pragmatic” Center,” in Beyond Boundaries ed Sil and Eileen M. Doherty 2000 p160-161
In the end... extreme epistemological positions.

Tournament: Plano West | Round: 4 | Opponent: Colleyville CL | Judge:
T
Interpretation – The affirmative engages Cuba without attempting to directly manipulate the country. This is economic appeasement, not engagement.
Mastanduno , Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Nelson A. Rockefeller Professor of Government, B.A., Economics and Political Science, and Ph.D., Political Science, Princeton University 03
(Michael, “The Strategy of Economic Engagement: Theory and Practice,” Economic Interdependence and International Conflict: New Perspectives on an Enduring Debate, http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9780472022939)

Our knowledge of ...the more so cumulatively.

A. Violation – The affirmative only authorizes licensing of US companies to participate in Cuba, does not do anything do manipulate the country

B. Prefer our Interpretation
a. Provides a clear brightline between what is topical and is not topical
b. Our author is qualified to talk in the realm of Ecominc and Political Science from his Ph.D and research  

C. Topicality is a voting issue for competitive equity

1. Limits – forcing the aff to defend solvency evidence which specifies both an incentive and behavior key to check infinite amount of economic interaction
   2. Education – the interp is key to topic specific education and actually reflects how US government engages with foreign nations

Algae CP
Text: The United States federal government should amend relevant definitions in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 to include algae-derived fuels eligible for all tax credits, subsidies, and price supports.

Amending the RFS to include price supports for algae spurs green crude production. This provides clean renewable fuel – solves energy dependence and breaks the food/fuel link
Jason Pyle (Chief Executive Officer, Sapphire Energy) June 12 2008 “Renewable Fuels And Food Prices,” CQ Congressional Testimony
First, let me thank ...sunlight into gasoline. 

China SOI
A. uniqueness - China is sustaining economic activity with Cuba
LeoGrande 13 – professor in the Department of Government, School of Public Affairs at American University in Washington, D.C. (William M, “The Danger of Dependence: Cuba's Foreign Policy After Chavez”, April 2, 2013, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/12840/the-danger-of-dependence-cubas-foreign-policy-after-chavez, 10/7/13, PB)
As China's rapid ... access to raw materials.

B. link - Growing competition over Latin America- US influence trades off with China
Regenstreif, senior editor at Reuters, 6/12/13
Gary, 6/12/13, Reuters, “The looming US-China rivalry over Latin America”, http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2013/06/12/the-looming-u-s-china-rivalry-over-latin-america/, Accessed 7/2/13, ML
Though the U.S. and ... Brazil’s is due in October.

b.  Internal link and impact – China soft power 

1.  China’s influence in Latin America is key to their soft power
   Malik, 06 – PhD in International Relations (Mohan, "China's Growing Involvement in Latin America," 6/12, http://uyghuramerican.org/old/articles/300/1/info@uyghuramerican.org)
   China's forays into ... cooperation and arms sales. 

2.  Chinese international influence is an existential impact – it controls every scenario for extinction
Zhang 2012 (Prof of Diplomacy and IR at the Geneva School of Diplomacy. “The Rise of China’s Political Softpower” 9/4/12 http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2012-09/04/content_26421330.htm)
As China plays an ...to surprise the world.

Hegemony
Turn – Heg causes Terrorism
a. Increased hegemony guarantees future terrorist attacks
 Lindsay and Daalder, senior fellows Brookings Institution, Winter 2013
(James M and Ivo H  “The Globalization of Politics: American Foreign Policy for a New Century”
Brookings Review Winter 2003 http://www.cfr.org/world/globalization-politics-american-foreign-policy-new-century/p6330 accessed tm 9/9)
Worse, for the United States... the risk to the United States.

B And, nuclear terrorism leads to extinction
Sid-Ahmed, 2004 (Mohamed, political analyst, August 26 – September 1, Al-Ahram Weekly On-Line, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm)
As it turned out, ... we will all be losers. 

7. turn -- Proliferation
A.  U.S. primacy causes nuclear proliferation
Weber et. al, Professor of Political Science at UC-Berkeley and Director of the Institute of International Studies, 2007
(Steven Naazneen Barma, Matthew Kroenig, Ely Ratner, “How Globalization Went Bad”,  January-February 2007, Foreign Policy) SM
The world is paying ...get to the same place.

b. And, the impact is extinction
Utgoff, Deputy Director of the Strategy, Forces, and Resources Division of the Institute for Defense Analysis, 2002
(Victor A Survival Vol 44 No 2 Proliferation, Missile Defence and American Ambitions, p. 87-90
In sum, widespread proliferation ...whole nations.

8. turn -- Economic collapse
Trying to maintain hegemony destroys the economy—controlled descent from primacy is a preferable strategy.
Adamson, second-year MAIA candidate at the Johns Hopkins University SAIS Bologna Center and undergraduate degree in Oriental Studies from the University of Oxford, 10,
(Samuel A.  Bolgona Center Journal of International Affairs, Spring 2010 “Supreme Effort: A Lesson in British Decline” http://bcjournal.org/volume-13/supreme-effort-a-lesson-in-british-decline.html accessed tm 9-11) SM
\The aim of this essay ... to their dethronement.

b.  impact economic collapse cause war
Mead, Henry A. Kissinger senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, 2/4/2009,  Walter Russell ,”The New Republic, “Only Makes You Stronger,” http://www.tnr.com/politics/story.html?id=571cbbb9-2887-4d81-8542-92e83915f5f8andp=2
So far, such half-hearted ... we may still have to fight.

Tournament: Hockaday | Round: 4 | Opponent: Greenhill LM | Judge: Meghan Overheim
Neolib
Entire notion of property rights is the crux of the capitalist logic that justifies turning natural commons into marketable commodities
Foster, 2009
Editor of Monthly Review, Professor of Sociology, University of Oregon, and Clark, Assistant Professor of Sociology, North Carolina State University, November (John, Brett, Monthly Review, “The Paradox of Wealth: Capitalism and Ecological Destruction,” November, 2009, http://monthlyreview.org/091101foster-clark.php, last accessed 11.16.09, RG-JD)
Mill signaled here, in line ... things must also become free.”16

Impact – continued spread of neoliberalism leads to planetary collapse
Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois,  2010
(Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED  
It is fitting to begin ...with whom we walk the earth. 

C Alternative -- As an intellectual your rejection of capitalism has emancipatory results relentless criticism allows capitalism to be challenged.
Kovel Professor of Social Studies at Bard 2002
(Joel, , The Enemy of Nature, p224)
Relentless criticism can delegitimate ...responsibility for intellectuals.

Politics
A. Will pass – Obama sustained pressure on House will cause GOP cave
AP 11/5/13
(Associated Press, Huffington Post, November 5 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/05/obama-immigration_n_4218015.html?utm_hp_ref=immigration-reform, Accessed November 7, 2013, JD)
President Barack Obama is convening ... care law's enrollment period.

B. Link The plan derails immigration reform-Perceived as giving away power to Mexico
Shear, 13 (Michael, NYT White house correspondent, 5/5,  http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/05/world/americas/in-latin-america-us-shifts-focus-from-drug-war-to-economy.html?pagewanted=all, 8/21/13, PB)
Last week, Mr. Obama returned ... the president of Costa Rica.

C. Impact
1.Immigration reform key to prevent economic collapse
Milller 2013
(former two-term elected Kentucky State Treasurer, Miller held several other senior positions in state and federal government, including serving in Kentucky Governor Steve Beshear’s Cabinet as Secretary of Finance and Administration, as Deputy Chief of Staff of the U.S. Department of Energy, and as Legislative Director for Congressman Jim Cooper  (Jonathon, 2/17/2013 “Why Our Economy Demands Immigration Reform”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathanmiller/immigration-reform-economy_b_2639092.html, CMR)
When it comes to...all of our country.

2.US economic collapse causes war and triggers every impact
O’Hanlon 12 — Kenneth G. Lieberthal, Director of the John L. Thornton China Center and Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy and Global Economy and Development at the Brookings Institution, former Professor at the University of Michigan, served as special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Asia on the National Security Council, holds a Ph.D. from Columbia University, and Michael E. O'Hanlon, Director of Research and Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institution, Visiting Lecturer at Princeton University, Adjunct Professor at Johns Hopkins University, holds a Ph.D. from Princeton University, 2012 (“The Real National Security Threat: America's Debt,” Los Angeles Times, July 10th, Available Online at http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2012/07/10-economy-foreign-policy-lieberthal-ohanlon, Accessed 07-12-2012)
Lastly, American economic ... is not reestablished.

CP
Text – The United States should engage in cooperative dialogue with the People’s Republic of China over the Bayh-Dole model of intellectual property system.  This cooperative dialogue should include, but not be limited to, the Bayh-Dole model of enforcement.  

Solves their advantages
Their own author and solvency evidence advocates for China dialogue not for Mexico IPR
Espinel 2k7
(Victoria A., Assistant U.S. Representative for  Intellectual Property and Innovation, Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, Washington, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-110hhrg38337/html/CHRG-110hhrg38337.htm  accessed tm 10-25)
We have been hearing ... protecting intellectual property.

IP Leadership
Link Turn – plan reverses China’s expansion into Mexico by displacing China’s position  Mexico is key to China’s sphere of influence – economic engagement reinforces diplomatic and military ties
Brandt et al, 2012 (Jon Brandt American University School of International Science Derek Hottle Nicole Adams Nav Aujla Christina Dinh Kirsten Kaufman Devin Kleinfield-Hayes Wanlin Ren Andrew, “Chinese Engagement in Latin America and the Caribbean: Implications for US Foreign Policy”, December http://www.american.edu/sis/usfp/upload/Chinese-Engagement-in-LAC-AU_US-Congress-FINAL.pdf)
The PRC’s military interests ...for arms transactions.606

Life Science/Biotech
3.  Turn -- Life sciences triggers the fastest existential risk within the round
Wilson, Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, ’12 (Grant, “Minimizing Global Catastrophic and Existential Risks from Emerging Technologies Through International Law”, November 21, 2012, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2179094, accessed 10/22/13, JF)

Simply defined, bioengineering ... poses an immediate GCR/ER.

4.Turn: Biotech makes extinction inevitable
Wilson, Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, ’12 (Grant, “Minimizing Global Catastrophic and Existential Risks from Emerging Technologies Through International Law”, November 21, 2012, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2179094, accessed 10/22/13, JF)
Mankind is rapidly developing... participation in decision making.

5. turn - biotech is the key internal link into an extinction level attack
Wilson, Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, ’12 (Grant, “Minimizing Global Catastrophic and Existential Risks from Emerging Technologies Through International Law”, November 21, 2012, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2179094, accessed 10/22/13, JF)
The threat of the malicious...escape or be stolen

6.turn -- transhumanism—genetically engineered humans ensure global war and genocide
Wilson, Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, ’12 (Grant, “Minimizing Global Catastrophic and Existential Risks from Emerging Technologies Through International Law”, November 21, 2012, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2179094, accessed 10/22/13, JF)
A final GCR/ER arising ... engineered humans present a GCR/ER.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: StMarks KP | Judge: Bill Batterman
T
A. Interpretation

1. Engagement is extending incentives to change behavior – it is more than mere interaction
   Haass and O’Sullivan  2K
   (Richard N. Haass, Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution, and Meghan L. O’Sullivan, Fellow in the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution, vol. 42, no. 2, Summer 2000, pp. 113–35, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1093/survival/42.2.113#preview)

The term ‘engagement’ ... has important  disagreements.

Toward = in the direction of
Merriam Webster 13   
(Marriam Webster Dictionary, 2013, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/toward, Accessed July 17, 2013, JD)

to•ward¶ preposition \?t?-?rd(z), ?to?(-?)rd(z), t?-?wo?rd(z), ?two?rd(z), ?tw?rd(z)\¶ Definition of TOWARD¶ 1: in the direction of ... establishment of a scholarship

B. Violation – aff just unilaterally opens up our southern border which allows immigration from anywhere and doesn’t uniquely engage Mexico

1.Limits – forcing the aff to defend solvency evidence which specifies both an incentive and behavior key to check infinite amount of economic interaction
2.Education – the interp is key to topic specific education and actually reflects how US government engages with foreign nations
3.Ground – allowing the aff destroys core generics based off interaction with Mexico – kills clash
4.Extra Topicality – they can claim advantages off of non-Mexican citizens – impossible to predict 

Mexico Energy Reform
New agreements in congress prove energy reform will pass now
Cattan, Bloomberg Staff Writer, 10/22/13
(Nacha, Bloomberg, “Mexican Oil Bill Has Better Chance to Pass, Opposition Says,” 10/22/13, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-22/mexican-oil-bill-has-better-chance-to-pass-opposition-says.html, accessed 10/23/13 BH)
Mexico has a “better ..., bye bye energy.” 

Plan unpopular—Mexico constrained by the US policies
Starr , Director, U.S.-Mexico Network, Associate Professor (NTT), University Fellow12 (Pamela K. Starr, Center on Public Diplomacy at the University of Southern California, “U.S.-Mexico Relations and Mexican Domestic Politics,” October 2012, https://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=3andcad=rjaandved=0CD4QFjACandurl=http 3A2F2Fcollege.usc.edu2Fusmexnet2Fwp-content2Fuploads2F20102F102FCamp-Oxford-paper-final.docandei=mTLYUZTDMbOLyQGT14GwCQandusg=AFQjCNH_cqiYTQRo7SFmpfWugH9ABshhCgandsig2=_M2KmLNnt3e8v4vVshc_fQMRG)
The nature, depth, ... Congress has interests. 

Nieto’s political capital key to push Pemex reform
Garanton, , journalist in Mexico for oils, and gases  13 (Ana Cristina Garanton “The Energy Mindset of Mexico’s New President,” May 27, 2013, http://www.oilandgasmexico.com/2013/05/28/in-expectation-of-mexico-oil-gas-review-2013//MRG)
The topics covered ... investment in Pemex. 

Energy reform key to Mexico competitiveness and economy
MBW 13 (Mexico Business Web, “Competitiveness tied to Energy Reform,” July 10, 2013, http://www.mexicanbusinessweb.mx/eng/2013/competitiveness-tied-to-energy-reform//MRG)
Competitiveness tied to ...world energy order.

Economic decline will lead to an arms race and nuclear war
Heinberg  senior fellow at the Post Carbon Institute12 (Richard Heinberg, , Conflict and Change in the Era of Economic Decline: Part 2: War and peace in a shrinking economy,” December 12, 2012, http://www.resilience.org/stories/2012-12-12/conflict-and-change-in-the-era-of-economic-decline-part-2-war-and-peace-in-a-shrinking-economy//MRG)
But there is a ... on any substantial scale

Neolib
Plan structurally ensures worker exploitation – they prevent collective labor negotiation by creating a reserve army of employees
Choudry 8
Aziz Choudry, GATT watchdog and bilateral.org, 2008, IBON International, ““Free trade”, neoliberal immigration and the globalization of guestworker programs,” http://iboninternational.org/resources/pages/EDM/69/200
The International Confederation of ... agriculture, for example.

Impact – continued spread of neoliberalism leads to planetary collapse
Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois,  2010
(Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED  
It is fitting ... we walk the earth. 

C Alternative -- As an intellectual your rejection of capitalism has emancipatory results relentless criticism allows capitalism to be challenged.
Kovel Professor of Social Studies at Bard 2002
(Joel, , The Enemy of Nature, p224)
Relentless criticism can ...responsibility for intellectuals.

Heg Bad
Turn – Heg causes Terrorism
a. Increased hegemony guarantees future terrorist attacks
 Lindsay and Daalder, senior fellows Brookings Institution, Winter 2013
(James M and Ivo H  “The Globalization of Politics: American Foreign Policy for a New Century”
Brookings Review Winter 2003 http://www.cfr.org/world/globalization-politics-american-foreign-policy-new-century/p6330 accessed tm 9/9)
Worse, for the United States... to the United States.

B And, nuclear terrorism leads to extinction
Sid-Ahmed, 2004 (Mohamed, political analyst, August 26 – September 1, Al-Ahram Weekly On-Line, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm)
As it turned out...all be losers.

turn -- Proliferation
A.  U.S. primacy causes nuclear proliferation
Weber et. al, Professor of Political Science at UC-Berkeley and Director of the Institute of International Studies, 2007
(Steven Naazneen Barma, Matthew Kroenig, Ely Ratner, “How Globalization Went Bad”,  January-February 2007, Foreign Policy) SM
The world is ... the same place.

b. And, the impact is extinction
Utgoff, Deputy Director of the Strategy, Forces, and Resources Division of the Institute for Defense Analysis, 2002
(Victor A Survival Vol 44 No 2 Proliferation, Missile Defence and American Ambitions, p. 87-90
In sum, widespread ...even whole nations.

turn -- Economic collapse
A. Trying to maintain hegemony destroys the economy—controlled descent from primacy is a preferable strategy.
Adamson, second-year MAIA candidate at the Johns Hopkins University SAIS Bologna Center and undergraduate degree in Oriental Studies from the University of Oxford, 10,
(Samuel A.  Bolgona Center Journal of International Affairs, Spring 2010 “Supreme Effort: A Lesson in British Decline” http://bcjournal.org/volume-13/supreme-effort-a-lesson-in-british-decline.html accessed tm 9-11) SM
\The aim of this ...to their dethronement.

B. impact economic collapse cause war
Mead, Henry A. Kissinger senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, 2/4/2009,  Walter Russell ,”The New Republic, “Only Makes You Stronger,” http://www.tnr.com/politics/story.html?id=571cbbb9-2887-4d81-8542-92e83915f5f8andp=2
So far, such ...have to fight.

Tournament: UC Berkeley | Round: 5 | Opponent: Bingham NW | Judge: Jacob Leonard
T
A.Interpretation--Increase means to make greater
Meriam Webster 13  http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/increase
in•crease      verb \in-?kr?s, ?in-?\       in•creasedin•creas•ing
Definition of INCREASE ... augment 2  obsolete : enrich

Toward = in the direction of
Merriam Webster 13   
(Marriam Webster Dictionary, 2013, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/toward, Accessed July 17, 2013, JD)
to•ward¶ preposition \?t?-?rd(z)... of a scholarship

USFG is the three branches of the government established in the constitution
US Legal 13  
(US Legal, "Legal Terms, Definitions, and Dictionary,"  http://definitions.uslegal.com/u/united-states-federal-government/)
The United States ... to the people.

B.Violation—The affirmative does not attempt to augment USFG economic engagement in the direction of Mexico – just attempt to understand the border

C.Topicality is a voter – prefer our view of debate
1.Predictable Neg Ground—by focusing on understanding the border the aff doesn’t increase engagement or interact in the direction of Mexico, denying us access to all of our links—they can claim to spike out of all DAs because literature on the resolution assumes increase in SQUO engagement, kills competitive equity and opens the floodgates for abuse.  
2.Topic specific education—Affirmatives that don’t increase engagement are detrimental to increases in topic education early on in the resolution—they don’t drive negatives to perform unique research
3.predictable Limits – aff interp allows aff to use any government agency, organization, or contracted company OR any individual actor to think about the topic. Explodes limits which are key for neg prep and clash

Neolib
Focus on individual experiences creates refracted convoluted understandings of class – must reject the focus to ensure collective action and resistance
Comaroff 2k
(Jean, John L. Millennial Capitalism: First Thoughts on a Second Coming. Public Culture, Volume 12, Number 2, Spring 2000, pp. 291-343. Duke University Press)
The paradox of ... to be caught.

Impact – continued spread of neoliberalism leads to planetary collapse
Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois,  2010
(Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED  
It is fitting to begin ...with whom we walk the earth. 

C Alternative -- As an intellectual your rejection of capitalism has emancipatory results relentless criticism allows capitalism to be challenged. The role of the ballot should be to endorse the team with the best epistemic understanding of the border between the United States of America and Mexico.
Kovel Professor of Social Studies at Bard 2002
(Joel, , The Enemy of Nature, p224)
Relentless criticism can delegitimate ...responsibility for intellectuals.

China
China and US are competing for influence in Mexico – and China is ahead
Ellis, associate professor with the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, 13
(R. Evan, Foreign Policy “China's New Backyard”, June 6, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/06/06/china_s_new_backyard_latin_america, date accessed 10/7/13, EIL)
For the past ...of the United States.

B. Improved US-Mexico relations crowd out China
Fischer, analyst for Capitol Media, ‘12
(Howard, “Fox says US-Mexico ties deter China's influence”, AZ Star Net, August 14, http://azstarnet.com/news/local/border/fox-says-us-mexico-ties-deter-china-s-influence/article_b8fd3834-acdc-5b33-b1fb-d983fdf8d2de.html, accessed on 10/7/13, BT)
Former Mexican President ... this country's economy.

C. Internal Link and Impact 

1. China’s influence in Latin America is key to their soft power
   Malik, 06 – PhD in International Relations (Mohan, "China's Growing Involvement in Latin America," 6/12, http://uyghuramerican.org/old/articles/300/1/info@uyghuramerican.org)
   China's forays into ... and arms sales. 

2. Chinese international influence is an existential impact – it controls every scenario for extinction
Zhang 2012 (Prof of Diplomacy and IR at the Geneva School of Diplomacy. “The Rise of China’s Political Softpower” 9/4/12 http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2012-09/04/content_26421330.htm)
As China plays ... surprise the world.

Case
. Turn—The representations of patriarchy as a root cause of all problems shows a shallow and monolithic perspective on the feminist plight; crowds out other scenarios – this is an indictment of their Warren and Cady must reject at all costs
CRENSHAW, DIRECTOR OF DEBATE @ UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA, 2 (CARRIE, DOMINANT FORM AND MARGINALIZED VOICES:  ARGUMENTATION ABOUT FEMINISM(S), CEDA YEARBOOK, 14, P. 73-74)
Substantive debates about... through empirical quantification.

2. Turn -- Their sole focus on feminist epistemology fails, it’s an ongoing process and so is the deconstruction of traditional views of foreign policy
Ghughunishvili 10
Securitization of Migration in the United States after 9/11: Constructing Muslims and Arabs as Enemies  Submitted to Central European University Department of International Relations European Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Professor Paul Roe http://www.etd.ceu.hu/2010/ghughunishvili_irina.pdf
As provided by ... to their speeches

Turn – Borders are necessary as they fulfill our ethical and identity of humans as means to independence, limits of violence, and the ability for stability
Vaughan-Williams 8 (Nick Vaughan-Williams, ph.d  Assistant Professor of International Security  , 2008, Borders, Territory, Law, University of Exeter, International Political Sociology (2008) 2, 322–338, Accessed: 7/27/13,)
Nevertheless, when taken ...well under way.

Turn – their in-round use of the other in an academic setting is uniquely bad – and advances coloniality The affirmative functions as both peddler and accumulator of suffering – the impossibility of the Other’s political agency is the starting point of their project as their suffering is an essential tool for their endless theorization – they present the Other’s suffering merely as a token for a +1 on their win/loss record – reject this methodology
Nayar 13 (Jayan Nayar, PhD from the University of Cambridge, Department of Law at the University of Warwick, February 2013, “The Politics of Hope and the Other-in-The-World: Thinking Exteriority,” Law and Critique Volume 24 Issue 1, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2001975) gz
Suffering, as a witnessed ... suffer in this respect.

Turn - Use of narratives means that insiders and outsiders will never have a common ground for dialogue – if narrative method right then they can never address the problems they identify
Coughlin, Associate Professor of Law, Vanderbilt Law School ,1995
(Anne,  “Regulating the Self: Autobiographical Performances in Outsider ScholarshipAuthor(s)” Virginia Law Review, Vol. 81, No. 5 (Aug., 1995), pp. 1229-1340 jstore accessed tm 12-7)
An unexplored implication ... social and legal redress.45

NO solvency for their narrative project – representation of experience are just that – representations not the real experiences.  As a result, the pursuit of change via narrative replicates the reigning system – means that there is no independent reason to vote for their narrative
Coughlin, Associate Professor of Law, Vanderbilt Law School ,1995
(Anne,  “Regulating the Self: Autobiographical Performances in Outsider ScholarshipAuthor(s)” Virginia Law Review, Vol. 81, No. 5 (Aug., 1995), pp. 1229-1340 jstore accessed tm 12-7)
Curiously, although ... mere sequences of events.86

Self –editing inherent in narrative form undercuts ability to claim revolutionary potential – the absence of any story of inclusion in debate in the 1nc proves the claim.  Two implications – no reason to vote for them because of some inherent value of the ballot to promote change in the community.  Two – their absolute claims of exclusion inaccurate representation of debate
Coughlin, Associate Professor of Law, Vanderbilt Law School ,1995
(Anne,  “Regulating the Self: Autobiographical Performances in Outsider ScholarshipAuthor(s)” Virginia Law Review, Vol. 81, No. 5 (Aug., 1995), pp. 1229-1340 jstore accessed tm 12-7)
Our culture privileges... of outsider storytelling.

Turn –Empathy Bad DA
Taking on the view of the other fails to overcome otherization—it causes adversarialism, blame and guilt
Chen, Department of Sociology – UC-Berkeley, 1997 Anthony S., 4 Asian L.J. 97, May 1997
With these schematic ... an objective reality.

This leads to more otherization – turning the case
Bartlett, Professor of Law – Duke University, 1990 Katharine, 103 Harv. L. Rev. 829, Feb
A final difficulty ... subordination and oppression.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 5 | Opponent: Hebron CL | Judge: Eli Brennan
Topicality
A. “Economic engagement” is limited to expanding economic ties.
Çelik 11 – Arda Can Çelik, Master’s Degree in Politics and International Studies from Uppsala University, Economic Sanctions and Engagement Policies, p. 11

Introduction Economic engagement … in the same direction.
B. Violation – plan is anti-topical - endorses economic disengagement
Oxford Dictionary 13
(Oxford Dictionary, Oxford University Press, Copyright 2013, http://oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/disengagement, Accessed July 17, 2013, JD)
The action or process … engagement to be married.

C. Topicality is a voting issue for competitive equity

1. Limits – Anti topical affs explode limits by exploding the possible number of affirmatives. Limits key to neg prep and clash
   2. Ground – disengagement counter plans or K’s are key negative ground to check whether engagement is a good idea. Anti-topical affs skew this ground to the affirmative

Framework
A. Interpretation – the affirmative must defend and specify a specific action that is topical under the resolution, multiple reasons to prefer this interpretation.

*Rest of standards look at Grapevine Round 3 vs Highland Park WW

Neolib
Unique link - Lift of the embargo means immediate integration into global neoliberal markets – proves the permutation can’t work and increases risk of food insecurity in Cuba
Gonzalez, Teaches environmental law fundamental, international environmental law, and international trade law at the University of Seattle ‘04
(Carmen, , “Trade Liberalization, Food Security, and the Environment: The Neoliberal Threat to Sustainable Rural Development” Transnational Law Journal and Contemporary Problems Fall 2004  Academic One File accessed tm 9/9)
Cuba is symbolically … sustainable rural development.

*Rest of Shell look at Grapevine Round 2 vs Greenhill LM

Case
*Look at Grapevine Round 3 vs Highland Park WW

Tournament: TFA State | Round: 5 | Opponent: Hendrickson BW | Judge: Lesly Gutierrez
Tourism PIC
CP Text: The United States Federal Government should remove all sanctions on Cuba except those pertaining to travel and tourism
Avoids all disads 

Sex Tourism DA
The embargo is the key barrier to U.S. sex tourism in Cuba
Cribb, et al,’13,
(Robert, Jennifer, Julian and Juan, Miami Herald, “U.S. child-sex tourism to Cuba hardly exists,” March 17, http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/03/17/3291012/us-child-sex-tourism-to-cuba-hardly.html, accessed on 8/23/13, BT)
Perhaps the key reason … as little as $600.

A.Impact –
1.Sex tourism creates a demand, which increases sex and human trafficking.
OMCTP 07
(The Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, US Department of State, “DEMAND: A Comparative examination of Sex tourism And¶ trafficking in Jamaica, Japan, the Netherlands, ¶ and the United States”, http://sharedhope.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/DEMAND.pdf, accessed on 8/23/13, BT)
Sex tourism is the … slavery and exploitation.

2.Human trafficking is the ultimate form of evil and must be destroyed
Keefer, retired US Army Colonel and Consultant at Booze Allen Hamilton, ‘6
(Colonel Sandra, “Human Trafficking and the Impact on National Security for the United States”, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a448573.pdf, accessed on 8/23/13, BT)
Countries need also … less will suffice.

Environment DA
A.Uniqueness – Despite lack of reliable funding, Cuba is able to ensure protection of its environment through nature reserves
Gonzalez, ’13 (Ivet, “Preserving Life in Cuba for When the Climate Changes”, December 5, 2013, http://www.ecocubanetwork.net/news-from-cuba/, accessed 2/13/14, /JF)
Nature reserves act … some kind of protection.

B.Link - Lifting the embargo would increase Carbbean tourism at least 10
Romeu, senior economist at IMF, ‘08
(Rafael, IMF Working Paper, “Vacation Over: Implications for the Caribbean of Opening U.S.-Cuba Tourism,” July, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2008/wp08162.pdf, accessed on 8/19/13, BT)
Imposing trade barriers … quality and quantities.

C.Impact:
1.Tourist development in Cuba produces coastal erosion, increasing the sediment in coastal waters, and devastating tourist attractions
Cepero ’04
(Eudel Eduardo- environmental scientist focused on Cuba, part of the Urban Issues and the Environment research staff at the Cuban Research Institute at Florida International University, “Environmental Concerns for a Cuba in Transition,” 2004, Cuba Transition Project, Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies at the University of Miami, http://ctp.iccas.miami.edu/Research_Studies/ECepero.pdf, page 15)
However, the unsustainable … rise to them.

2.Loss of biodiversity leads to famines, natural disasters, diseases, and conflict leading to nuclear war.
Takacs 96
(David- professor at the University of California, Hastings College of Law, focusing on policy issues and global climate change, The Idea of Biodiversity: Philosophies of Paradise, 1996, p200-201)
So biodiversity keeps the … but a whimper.14  

Reforms DA
Unique Link – gross-roots movements now transition away from Castro regime, but preventing new funding key
Cave 14
(Damien Cave, New York Times, March 4 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/05/world/americas/as-cubas-economy-opens-a-bit-some-who-fled-castro-return-to-help.html?_r=0, Accessed March 5, 2014 , JD)
Many of the … established Cuban-American elite.

Impact - Castro’s reforms only promote state companies who exploit laborers and increase oppression, turns case
Campos 14
(Pedro Campos, Havana Times, February 26 2014, http://www.havanatimes.org/?p=102093, March 5, 2014, JD)
¶ HAVANA TIMES — Cuban President Raul … form of socialism.

Coloniality
Expanding globalization to Cuba is part of an imperial strategy to displace revolutionary potential in Cuba. The outcome of the expansion of globalization is environmental destruction and inequality.
Bliss 2005
(Dr. Susan Bliss: Director of Global Education, 7/5/2005, “Sustainability of Modern Cuba’s post revolution globalisation process”,)
Globalisation is not … from corporate power.

Economics are a tool of US imperialism that control the world through spatialised violence, military control, and global violence.
Escobar 8 (Arturo, Kenan Distinguished Professor at UNC Chapel Hill, Ph.D, University of Calfornia, Berkeley, May 27, Third World Quarterly. Beyond the Third World: imperial¶ globality, global coloniality and antiglobalisation social movements. Third World Quarterly, Vol 25, No 1, pp 207–230)
Before moving on… cultures of¶ destruction.

Our alternative is to reject the affirmative - when confronted with colonial projects the only ethical response is radical negativity. We are compelled to delink from modernity.
Mignolo 09
Walter D. Mignolo, Epistemic Disobedience, Independent Thought and Decolonial Freedom, Theory and Culture 2009, published 2009
ONCE UPON a time … the final judgment.1

Case
Counterframe and turn—Must weigh consequences – their moral tunnel vision is complicit with the evil they criticize
Isaac, Professor of Political Science at Indiana University 2002
(Jeffrey C, Dissent Magazine, 49(2), “Ends, Means, and Politics”, Spring, Proquest)
As writers such … undermines political effectiveness.

Turn—Ethical moralizing—placing ethics before consequences leads to violence against those that disagree
Mohawk, Associate Professor of History, SUNY-Buffalo, 2000
John C., UTOPIAN LEGACIES: A HISTORY OF CONQUEST AND OPPRESSION IN THE WESTERN WORLD, p. 4-5
People who believe … systematic acts of genocide.

Turn—Ethical Prioritization—An “Ethical Relationship” is Impossible - An Obligation with One Other Ignores Other-Others which Creates the Reality of Remote Control Murder
Martin Hägglund, PhD Candidate in Comp. Lit @ Cornell, ‘4 Diacritics, “The Necessity of Discrimination: Disjoining Derrida and Levinas,” p. muse
Even if one disregards … processes of negotiation.?

Constant ethic for the other allows for the West to assert our identity upon the other without being seen as racist allowing for oppression.
Zizek, 2005 (Slavoj, “Smashing the neighbors face,” http://www.lacan.com/zizsmash.htm)
Levinas therefore secretly … oppression is accessible.

Turn – state ethics - Attempts to coercively generalize ethical stances results in reinforcing the already hierarchal and dominating system of the state, this coercively brings people into the state’s control and is biopolitical
Day 2001
(Richard Ethics, affinity and the coming communities. B.A.Sc.(UBC), M.A.(York,Toronto), Ph.D.(SFU) Philosophy and Social Criticism January 2001 vol. 27 no. 1 21-38 accessed tm sage publications)
Contemporary Western societies … other foundational claims.

Tournament: StMarks | Round: 5 | Opponent: Highland Park WW | Judge: Samin Agha
Framework
A. Interpretation – the affirmative must defend and specify a specific plan of action that is topical under the resolution 

1. Resolved implies a policy
   Louisiana House 3-8-2005, http://house.louisiana.gov/house-glossary.htm
   Resolution  A legislative instrument ...introduction nor to governor's veto. ( Const. Art. III, §17(B) and House  Rules 8.11 , 13.1 , 6.8 , and 7.4) 

2. “United States Federal Government should” means the debate is solely about the outcome of a policy established by governmental means
Ericson 2003 (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)
The Proposition of Policy: ... the future action that you propose. 

 B. Violation: all the aff does is study Venezuela and US economic policy – doesn’t defend a course of action to increase economic engagement 

C.  Prefer our interpretation of the debate round and vote neg 

1.  Predictable Limits: their interpretation makes being neg impossible – we can’t predict what philosophy of the day the aff will choose and its impossible to research the infinite number of personal advocacies
   And these limits are key to ensure fairness for both teams which is essential to cooperation and outweighs any substantive benefit of their advocacy —decades of social science confirm
   Pearce, director of International Public Policy Research, 7
   (Nick Pearce, March-May 2007, “Fair Rules: Rethinking Fairness,” JDP)
   In the 1970s, social psychologists ... generate loyalty and cooperation. 

2.  Predictable Ground: Requiring the aff to defend a stable plan is crucial for the neg to have a consistent target to prove wrong – key to DA and K links based off of a topical action and CP’s that are at the core of negative strategy 

3.  Better Education and Method for Decision Making:
Debating about solutions to problems in the form of a plan best way to achieve deliberation and grow decision making skills
Hanghoj 2008
Thorkild, PhD, assistant professor, School of Education, University of Aarhus, also affiliated with the Danish Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials, located at the Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf
Joas’ re-interpretation of Dewey’s ... processes of problem-based scenarios. 

4.  Better education - Discussion of state policy is key to skill development and breaking down of preconceived notions about the state and individuals – while helping to break out of traditional pedagogy and enhances active learning—even if we aren’t in positions of power – we’re a better way to access their claims about creativity
Esberg and Sagan 2012
Jane Esberg is special assistant to the director at New York University's Center on. International Cooperation. She was the winner of 2009 Firestone Medal, AND Scott Sagan is a professor of political science and director of Stanford's Center for International Security and Cooperation “NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION: Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy,” 2/17 The Nonproliferation Review, 19:1, 95-108
These government or ... and act on information.14

Case

1. Don’t buy their neo-liberalism impacts—the term is used as a tent to house numerous conflicting ideas
   Boas, project associate in the Information Revolution and World Politics Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and Gans-Morse, PhD candidate in the Department of Political Science at University of California, Berkeley, 2009
   Taylor and Jordan, Neoliberalism: From New Liberal Philosophy to Anti-Liberal Slogan, http://pages.sbcglobal.net/tboas/neoliberalism.pdf
   In sum, the use...free markets positively.

2. Their totalizing view of globalization dooms them to failure—prefer factual analysis, before hyperbolic theory
Bates ‘99
 (Jenny, international economist at the Progressive Policy Institute, “Preparing for the Battle in Seattle, http://www.dlc.org/ndol_ci.cfm?kaid=108andsubid=128andcontentid=771)
Yet the approach being ... model to an ideology
?
3. Turn—the plan is hijacked by the conservatives—giroux’s ideals of democracy, justice and the public sphere are just what Bushie’s use to control the world
Jonathan Vincent, PhD candidate in American studies at the University of Illinois, “A Call to Arms in a Repressive Atmosphere of Educational Acquiescence” Pedagogy 6.1 2006
The most cursory familiarity ... philosophies of the state. 

4. Turn—civic engagement destroys anti-globalization movements
Bhagwati, University Professor at Columbia University and Senior Fellow at the
Council on Foreign Relations, 2007
My 2004 book was precisely ... anti-globalization rhetoric and  advocacy.  
?
5. Government led attempts to change the economy fail—it’s too globalized, proves their aff will only be localized at best
Business Week, Nov 20, 2006
Can Anyone Steer This Economy?, http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_47/b4010001.htm?chan=search
No matter which party ... professional to see the evidence."

6. Multiple alt causes to corporate control—deregulation in energy and banking, as well as, social security reduction, just to name a few
Arriaza et al, member of the Editorial Board of Social Justice and is on the faculty of the College of Education, San Jose State University, 2005
Gilberto, Waging War over Public Education and Youth Services: Challenging  Corporate Control of Our Schools
and Communities, http://edschool.csuhayward.edu/crosscurrents/facultyfiles/Gilberto_Arriaza/waging_war_over_public_ed.pdf
Throughout the last two decades ... or what Perkins (2004) calls a “corporatocracy.”

7. Turn—blaming all problems on neo-liberalism fails to change the system
Hart-landsberg, teaches economics at Lewis and Clark College, April 2006
Martin, Neo-Liberalism: Myths and Reality, Monthly Review Vol 57 Iss 11, Proquest
In an effort to keep ...that must be challenged and overcome. 

8. Turn—Anthropocentrism
A. Giroux’s critical subject is anthropocentric—he places man on an artifical mantle of superiority justifying violence against animals
Bowers, teaches education and social thought at the University of Oregon, Feb 2002
C A, Toward an Eco-Justice Pedagogy, http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enandlr=andsafe =offandq=cache:rFigy8OJle0J:web.pdx.edu/pdx01401/anecojusticepedagogy2003.pdf+Nietzsche+AND+Giroux, 10/4/06, Stevens
A second root metaphor ... assumptions are part of the problem.

B. Must reject or risk mass violence
Best, Associate Professor of Humanities and Philosophy at the University of Texas, El Paso, No Date Given
Steven, Animal Rights and the New Enlightenment, http://www.animalliberationfront.com/Philosophy/ARNewEnlightenment.htm
But to whatever degree ...ethics that respects all life.

9. Turn—Traditional Cultures
Critical pedagogies rejection of traditional authority destroys voices of indeginous cultures who don’t want to commit to this change, propping up elitist controls
Bowers, teaches education and social thought at the University of Oregon, Feb 2002
C A, Toward an Eco-Justice Pedagogy, http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enandlr=andsafe =offandq=cache:rFigy8OJle0J:web.pdx.edu/pdx01401/anecojusticepedagogy2003.pdf+Nietzsche+AND+Giroux, 10/4/06, Stevens
The root metaphors of progress... of the American political system.

Tournament: UT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Westwood LM | Judge: Nick Vail
K
Expanding globalization to Cuba is part of an imperial strategy to displace revolutionary potential in Cuba. The outcome of the expansion of globalization is environmental destruction and inequality.
Bliss 2005
(Dr. Susan Bliss: Director of Global Education, 7/5/2005, “Sustainability of Modern Cuba’s post revolution globalisation process”,)
Globalisation is not... from corporate power.

Coloniality generates a permanent state of exception that is the root cause of the death ethics of war and underwrites a hellish existence where death, murder, war, rape, and racism are ordinary
Maldonado-Torres 08
(Nelson Maldonado-Torres, associate professor of comparative literature at Rutgers, 2008, “Against War: Views from the Underside of Modernity, p. 217-221)
Dussel, Quijano, and Wynter lead ... as Fanon suggested." 

Our alternative is to reject the affirmative – when confronted with colonial projects the only ethical response is radical negativity. We are compelled to delink from modernity.
Mignolo 09
Walter D. Mignolo, Epistemic Disobedience, Independent Thought and Decolonial Freedom, Theory and Culture 2009, published 2009
ONCE UPON a ...for the final judgment.1

CP
Text: The United States federal government should lift its economic sanctions on potable water and dual-use medical supplies but not food in Cuba.

Cuba’s urban agriculture can overcome food insecurity
Leitgeb et al, Working Group: Knowledge Systems and Innovations, Division of Organic Farming, Department of Sustainable Agriculture Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 13 July 2011
(Friedrich , Fernando R. Funes-Monzote, Susanne Kummer, Christian R. Vogl, Contribution of farmers’ experiments and innovations to Cuba’s agricultural innovation system,  Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems: 26(4); 354–367,     , Accessed: 11/22/13, CD)
Urban agriculture is... of their work.

Cuba’s agroecological practices creates a sustainable agriculture that promotes environmental concerns and food independence
Christina Ergas, graduate student in sociology at the University of Oregon , March 2013,( (Cuban Urban Agriculture as a Strategy for Food Sovereignty, Monthly Review, http://monthlyreview.org/2013/03/01/cuban-urban-agriculture-as-a-strategy-for-food-sovereignty, Accessed 10/6/13, CD)
In conjunction with ...sustainable rural development.

Current industrial Agriculture practices are unstainable for the environment and overall food security
PETERS, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010
( KATHRYN A. ,University of Oregon School of Law, 2010, Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution, Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf, Accessed: 10/12/13, CD)
The U.S. agricultural ... in declining crop yields.25 

Politics
Uniqueness internal link – Obama persuasion key to getting votes to get through TPA
Reuters 11/19/13
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/19/us-usa-trade-tpa-idUSBRE9AI12P20131119  accessed tm 11-22
The Obama administration's ...list for 2013.

TPA wont pass – house democrats
McLamb and Togni, reporters for King and Spalding Legal, 12/2/13
(Alex and Patrick J., Lexology, “New trade agreements spark old divides over Trade Promotion Authority renewal,” 12/2/13, http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=b6e53b92-e6bf-45fd-85be-6fde2534f466, accessed 12/6/13 bh)
In recent weeks... resulting from globalization.

Link plan popular – increases his ability to push TPA - There’s bipartisan support to remove the embargo
Markos "kos" Moulitsas, 3/18/09, is the founder and publisher of Daily Kos. The Daily Kos, “Bipartisan Senate group take aim at Cuba embargo provisions”, http://www.dailykos.com/story/2009/03/18/710102/-Bipartisan-Senate-group-take-aim-at-Cuba-embargo-provisions, 8/23/13, PB
The dike metaphor ...definition would remain.

Internal link and impact -- TPA eliminates opportunity to revise bad agreements – allows agreements like the TPP that destroy the environment
Nash-Hoff, Huffington Post contributor, 7-10-13
Huffington Post, “The Trans-Pacific Partnership Trade Agreement Would Harm Our Environment”, Lexis, accessed 7-12-13 * note that the links in this card are links to the articles that the Nash-Hoff article links to from the site
Jul 10, 2013 (The Huffington com/ Delivered by Newstex)
Proponents say that ... "fast track authority."

Environment key to human survival and economic vitality
Mutel, 2007, The Emerald Horizon: The History of Nature in Iowa, University of Iowa historian of science, Cornelia, p. xvi-xvii
There is little ... since life began.

Case
1.Turn--lifting portions of the embargo just sustains the regime in Cuba and will not address poverty or conditions of the Cuban people
Bustillo, 2013
Mitchell, International Policy Digest, Time to Strengthen the Cuban Embargo, 5-9-13, http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2013/05/09/time-to-strengthen-the-cuban-embargo/ /Wyo-MB
Still there is ... or the embargo.
2.The Cuban healthcare system is strong now – it’s better than the US and offers alternative models of medicine and research.  
Badore ’13 (Margaret, “What we can learn from Cuba's health care system,” Jun 27 2013,
http://www.mnn.com/health/fitness-well-being/stories/what-we-can-learn-from-cubas-health-care-system)
 The correlation between ... approaches to explore.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Walter Payton BC | Judge: Nick Burr
Framework
A. Interpretation: The affirmative should defend plan of federal government action that increases economic engagement toward one of the topic countries

1. Colon following resolved means USFG is the Agent
   Army Officer School 2004 (5-12, “# 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon”, http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm)
   The colon introduces ... petition the mayor.
   2. “United States Federal Government should” means the debate is solely about the outcome of a policy established by governmental means
   Ericson 2003 (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)
   The Proposition of Policy:... that you propose.
   B. Violation: the aff doesn’t defend state action – they only defend in round advocacy
   C.  Prefer our interpretation of the debate round and vote neg 

1.  Predictable Limits: their interpretation allows philosopher of the day affs and an infinite number of personal actions – explodes research burden and destroys competitive debate
   And these limits are key to ensure competitive equity for both teams which is essential to cooperation and outweighs any substantive benefit of their advocacy—decades of social science confirm
   Pearce, director of International Public Policy Research, 7
   (Nick Pearce, March-May 2007, “Fair Rules: Rethinking Fairness,” JDP)
   In the 1970s, ... generate loyalty and cooperation. 

2.  Predictable Ground – debating USFG action allows for the best opportunity for quality discussion and is key to all neg CP’s, DA links, and K links based off the resolution. Our interpretation allows the aff to discuss their philosophy. It just needs to be grounded in USFG action 

3.  Better education - Discussion of state policy is key to skill development and breaking down of preconceived notions about the state and individuals – while helping to break out of traditional pedagogy and enhances active learning—even if we aren’t in positions of power – we’re a better way to access their claims about creativity
Esberg and Sagan 2012
Jane Esberg is special assistant to the director at New York University's Center on. International Cooperation. She was the winner of 2009 Firestone Medal, AND Scott Sagan is a professor of political science and director of Stanford's Center for International Security and Cooperation “NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION: Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy,” 2/17 The Nonproliferation Review, 19:1, 95-108
These government or ... act on information.14

Switch side debate doesn’t produce disengaged debaters and doesn’t require defense of indefensible position – in fact it enhances argumentation and advocacy FOR positions that challenge the system by increasing depth of understanding
Abbott 2009
(Blake, Debate Coach at the University of Georgia and B.A. in Political Science at Mercer University and M.A. from Wake Forest University, “The Project and Switch Side Debate”, November 11th, http://www.georgiadebate.org/2009/11/the-project-and-switch-side-debate)
In debates that ... risk worth taking.

T
Interpretation – Economic engagement involves government-to-government interaction
Haass and O’Sullivan, formerly a senior aide to President George Bush and is Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution, Washington DC, Meghan, Fellow with the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution 00
(Richard, , “Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies,” Summer 2000, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf)
Architects of engagement ... the form of  engagement.

Toward = in the direction of
Merriam Webster 13   
(Marriam Webster Dictionary, 2013, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/toward, Accessed July 17, 2013, JD)
to•ward¶ preposition \?t?-?rd(z), ?to?(-?)rd(z), t?-?wo?rd(z), ?two?rd(z), ?tw?rd(z)\¶ Definition of TOWARD¶ 1: in the direction of ... of a scholarship

Violation – The aff does not use government to government interaction specifically towards Mexico – just a stance against general corporate education
Prefer our Interpretation
a. Provides best context for the resolution, provides a clear brightline on what is and isn’t topical

Topicality is a voting issue for competitive equity
1.Limits – forcing the aff to defend solvency evidence which specifies both an incentive and behavior key to check infinite amount of economic interaction
2.Education – the interp is key to topic specific education and actually reflects how US government engages with foreign nations
3. Ground – Aff destroys all core generics based off economic engagement with the topic countries – key to check new affs and destroys clash
4. Extra Topicality – the aff can claim advantages not off of engagement with Mexico – impossible for the neg to predict and research

CP
Brice and I occupy the debate space in resonance with American protests against the oppressive system of corporate education.
The CP takes a stance against corporate education but doesn’t specify Mexico as per the resolution – avoids the net benefit of specifying Mexico 

Energy Reform
Mexico Energy Reform
New agreements in congress prove energy reform will pass now
Cattan, Bloomberg Staff Writer, 10/22/13
(Nacha, Bloomberg, “Mexican Oil Bill Has Better Chance to Pass, Opposition Says,” 10/22/13, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-22/mexican-oil-bill-has-better-chance-to-pass-opposition-says.html, accessed 10/23/13 BH)
Mexico has a “better ..., bye bye energy.” 

Plan unpopular—Mexico constrained by the US policies
Starr , Director, U.S.-Mexico Network, Associate Professor (NTT), University Fellow12 (Pamela K. Starr, Center on Public Diplomacy at the University of Southern California, “U.S.-Mexico Relations and Mexican Domestic Politics,” October 2012, https://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=3andcad=rjaandved=0CD4QFjACandurl=http 3A2F2Fcollege.usc.edu2Fusmexnet2Fwp-content2Fuploads2F20102F102FCamp-Oxford-paper-final.docandei=mTLYUZTDMbOLyQGT14GwCQandusg=AFQjCNH_cqiYTQRo7SFmpfWugH9ABshhCgandsig2=_M2KmLNnt3e8v4vVshc_fQMRG)
The nature, depth, ... Congress has interests. 

Nieto’s political capital key to push Pemex reform
Garanton, , journalist in Mexico for oils, and gases  13 (Ana Cristina Garanton “The Energy Mindset of Mexico’s New President,” May 27, 2013, http://www.oilandgasmexico.com/2013/05/28/in-expectation-of-mexico-oil-gas-review-2013//MRG)
The topics covered ... investment in Pemex. 

Energy reform key to Mexico competitiveness and economy
MBW 13 (Mexico Business Web, “Competitiveness tied to Energy Reform,” July 10, 2013, http://www.mexicanbusinessweb.mx/eng/2013/competitiveness-tied-to-energy-reform//MRG)
Competitiveness tied to ...world energy order.

Economic decline will lead to an arms race and nuclear war
Heinberg  senior fellow at the Post Carbon Institute12 (Richard Heinberg, , Conflict and Change in the Era of Economic Decline: Part 2: War and peace in a shrinking economy,” December 12, 2012, http://www.resilience.org/stories/2012-12-12/conflict-and-change-in-the-era-of-economic-decline-part-2-war-and-peace-in-a-shrinking-economy//MRG)
But there is a ... on any substantial scale

Neolib
Focus on representations and rhetoric displaces focus on agency and lived experience of capitalism – necessary to break down system
Cloud 2006
(Dana Cloud, associate professor of rhetoric, UT Austin,  Dana L. Cloud (2006) The Matrix and Critical Theory's Desertion of the Real, Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, 3:4, 329-354, DOI: 10.1080/14791420600984243)
¶ Perry Anderson argues ... structuralism and relativism.

Impact – continued spread of neoliberalism leads to planetary collapse
Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois,  2010
(Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED  
It is fitting ... we walk the earth. 

C Alternative -- As an intellectual your rejection of capitalism has emancipatory results relentless criticism allows capitalism to be challenged.
Kovel Professor of Social Studies at Bard 2002
(Joel, , The Enemy of Nature, p224)
Relentless criticism can ...responsibility for intellectuals.

Giroux Bad
Framing issue—the discourse at the heart of giroux’s critical pedagogy is coopted by globalization hacks—root metaphors guarantee even if their intent is noble, the result is the status quo as usual
Bowers, teaches education and social thought at the University of Oregon, Feb 2002
C A, Toward an Eco-Justice Pedagogy, http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enandlr=andsafe =offandq=cache:rFigy8OJle0J:web.pdx.edu/pdx01401/anecojusticepedagogy2003.pdf+Nietzsche+AND+Giroux, 10/4/06, Stevens
According to Brown... in their daily existence" 

The link—Critical pedagogy reinforces western ideals of autonomous critical subject—this approach devalues cultures based on oral traditions, further entrenching globalized development
Bowers, teaches education and social thought at the University of Oregon, Spring 2003
C.A., Can Critical Pedagogy be Greened?, Appeared in Educational Studies
Critical pedagogy reinforces ... model of  development.

Reject the aff’s western assumptions—our criticism of their western modes of thought opens up space for proper critiques of globalized structures—we are a pre-requisite to successful movements
Bowers, teaches education and social thought at the University of Oregon, Spring 2003
C.A., Can Critical Pedagogy be Greened?, Appeared in Educational Studies
Revitalizing the commons... media-dictated personal identities.

Tournament: Barkley Forum | Round: 6 | Opponent: Woodward PB | Judge: Kevin Ward
1.Engagement is extending incentives to change behavior – it is more than mere interaction
Haass and O’Sullivan  2K
(Richard N. Haass, Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution, and Meghan L. O’Sullivan, Fellow in the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution, vol. 42, no. 2, Summer 2000, pp. 113–35, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1093/survival/42.2.113#preview)
The term ‘engagement’ ... has important  disagreements.

2. Toward = in the direction of
Merriam Webster 13   
(Marriam Webster Dictionary, 2013, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/toward, Accessed July 17, 2013, JD)
to•ward¶ preposition ... of a scholarship

B. Violation – aff just unilaterally opens up our southern border which allows immigration from anywhere and doesn’t uniquely engage Mexico

C. Standards --
1.Limits – forcing the aff to defend solvency evidence which specifies both an incentive and behavior key to check infinite amount of economic interaction
2.Education – the interp is key to topic specific education and actually reflects how US government engages with foreign nations
3.Ground – allowing the aff destroys core generics based off interaction with Mexico – kills clash
4.Extra Topicality – they can claim advantages off of non-Mexican citizens – impossible to predict 

Neolib
US pursuit of hegemony in the name of stability allows the accumulation of capital and power and use against the other
Haug former professor of philosophy at the Free University of Berlin 2011
(Wolfgang Fritz, “Empire or Imperialism” boundary Summer 2011 e-Duke Journals accessed tm 9/9)
The greatest contradiction... its instrument, became bothersome.

Impact – continued spread of neoliberalism leads to planetary collapse
Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois,  2010
(Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED  
It is fitting ... we walk the earth. 

C Alternative -- As an intellectual your rejection of capitalism has emancipatory results relentless criticism allows capitalism to be challenged.
Kovel Professor of Social Studies at Bard 2002
(Joel, , The Enemy of Nature, p224)
Relentless criticism can ...responsibility for intellectuals.

Entitlement CP
Text: The United States federal government should reform entitlement spending, specifically reforming Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid, as per our Foster evidence. We’ll clarify.

First is competition—counterplan avoids Das 

Next is solvency—entitlement reforms would be easy and save the budget
Foster, PhD, testified before Congress meaning he’s probably qualified enough to be read in a debate round, 2011
J.D., Testimony before Senate Committee on Finance, “Perspectives on Deficit Reduction,” April 13, http://heritage.org/Research/Testimony/2011/04/Perspectives-on-Deficit-Reduction accessed
Spending, of course, ... long-run program viability

And, solving runaway entitlement spending is a prerequisite to maintaining primacy—prefer our future predictive evidence
Holmes, PhD, Vice President, Foreign and Defense Policy Studies, and Director of the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies, 2010
Kim, Heritage Foundation, “Defending Freedom is a Choice,” May 3, http://heritage.org/Research/Reports/2010/05/Defending-Freedom-Is-a-Choice, last accessed 4.17.11 RG
Social spending in ... the historical average.

Politics
Will pass – house leadership on board – but reconciliation with Senate required
Hickey , 1/23/14
(Kate “Breakthrough as key Republican concedes on need for immigration reform” http://www.irishcentral.com/news/politics/Breakthrough-as-key-Republican-concedes-on-need-for-immigration-reform.html  accessed tm 1/24)
A key figure ... to be reconciled.

The plan derails immigration reform-Perceived as giving away power to Mexico
Shear, 13 (Michael, NYT White house correspondent, 5/5,  http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/05/world/americas/in-latin-america-us-shifts-focus-from-drug-war-to-economy.html?pagewanted=all, 8/21/13, PB)
Last week, Mr. Obama ... president of Costa Rica.

Passing unpopular issues breaks cooperation in the House after the budget debate
Journal News 10-17-13
http://www.lohud.com/usatoday/article/3000575  accessed tm 10-17
WASHINGTON - Before the bill to end the budget impasse even hit President Obama's desk Wednesday...work that way."

Increasing green cards generates an effective base of IT experts- solves cybersecurity
McLarty 9 (Thomas F. III, President – McLarty Associates and Former White House Chief of Staff and Task Force Co-Chair, “U.S. Immigration Policy: Report of a CFR-Sponsored Independent Task Force”, 7-8, http://www.cfr.org/ publication/19759/us_immigration_policy.html)
We have seen... our security needs.

2. Cyberterrorism will cause accidental launch that triggers the Dead Hand and nuclear war
Fritz 9 (Jason, BS – St. Cloud, “Hacking Nuclear Command and Control”, Study Commissioned on Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament, July, www.icnnd.org/Documents/Jason_Fritz_Hacking_NC2.doc)
Direct control of launch... accusations between governments. 

Hegemony
Ignore their metrics—snapshots in the Aff evidence ignore long-term trends
Zakaria, columnist for Newsweek, editor of Newsweek International, senior editor for Time, host of CNN’s Fareed Zakaria GPS, 2011
Fareed, Time, “Are America’s Best Days Behind Us?,” March 3, http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2056610-3,00.html, last accessed 4.20.11 RG
I am an American... drivers of economic growth. 

And, our allies perceive a decrease in capacities as a result of budget problems
Rachman, Financial Times chief foreign affairs commentator, former visiting fellow and Fulbright scholar at Princeton University’s Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, 2011
Gideon, Foreign Policy, “Think Again: American Decline,” January/February, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/01/02/think_again_american_decline?page=0,0, last accessed 4.20.11 RG
"America Still Leads Across the Board."
For now. As things stand... become China's backyard.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 7 | Opponent: University of Chicago Lab NY | Judge: Nate Wong
Framework
A. Interpretation: The affirmative should defend plan of federal government action that increases economic engagement toward one of the topic countries
1.Colon following resolved means USFG is the Agent
Army Officer School 2004 (5-12, “# 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon”, http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm)
The colon introduces ... petition the mayor.
2. “United States Federal Government should” means the debate is solely about the outcome of a policy established by governmental means
Ericson 2003 (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)
The Proposition of Policy:... that you propose.
B. Violation: the aff doesn’t defend state action – they only defend in round advocacy
C.  Prefer our interpretation of the debate round and vote neg 

1. Predictable Limits: their interpretation allows philosopher of the day affs and an infinite number of personal actions – explodes research burden and destroys competitive debate
   And these limits are key to ensure competitive equity for both teams which is essential to cooperation and outweighs any substantive benefit of their advocacy—decades of social science confirm
   Pearce, director of International Public Policy Research, 7
   (Nick Pearce, March-May 2007, “Fair Rules: Rethinking Fairness,” JDP)
   In the 1970s, ... generate loyalty and cooperation. 

2.  Predictable Ground – debating USFG action allows for the best opportunity for quality discussion and is key to all neg CP’s, DA links, and K links based off the resolution. Our interpretation allows the aff to discuss their philosophy. It just needs to be grounded in USFG action 

3.  Better education - Discussion of state policy is key to skill development and breaking down of preconceived notions about the state and individuals – while helping to break out of traditional pedagogy and enhances active learning—even if we aren’t in positions of power – we’re a better way to access their claims about creativity
Esberg and Sagan 2012
Jane Esberg is special assistant to the director at New York University's Center on. International Cooperation. She was the winner of 2009 Firestone Medal, AND Scott Sagan is a professor of political science and director of Stanford's Center for International Security and Cooperation “NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION: Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy,” 2/17 The Nonproliferation Review, 19:1, 95-108
These government or ... act on information.14

Switch side debate doesn’t produce disengaged debaters and doesn’t require defense of indefensible position – in fact it enhances argumentation and advocacy FOR positions that challenge the system by increasing depth of understanding
Abbott 2009
(Blake, Debate Coach at the University of Georgia and B.A. in Political Science at Mercer University and M.A. from Wake Forest University, “The Project and Switch Side Debate”, November 11th, http://www.georgiadebate.org/2009/11/the-project-and-switch-side-debate)
In debates that ... risk worth taking.

T
Interpretation – Economic engagement involves government-to-government interaction
Haass and O’Sullivan, formerly a senior aide to President George Bush and is Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution, Washington DC, Meghan, Fellow with the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution 00
(Richard, , “Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies,” Summer 2000, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf)
Architects of engagement ... the form of  engagement.

Toward = in the direction of
Merriam Webster 13   
(Marriam Webster Dictionary, 2013, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/toward, Accessed July 17, 2013, JD)
to•ward¶ preposition \?t?-?rd(z), ?to?(-?)rd(z), t?-?wo?rd(z), ?two?rd(z), ?tw?rd(z)\¶ Definition of TOWARD¶ 1: in the direction of ... of a scholarship

Violation – The aff does not use government to government interaction specifically towards Mexico – just affirm Zapatistas
Prefer our Interpretation
a. Provides best context for the resolution, provides a clear brightline on what is and isn’t topical

Topicality is a voting issue for competitive equity
1.Limits – forcing the aff to defend solvency evidence which specifies both an incentive and behavior key to check infinite amount of economic interaction
2.Education – the interp is key to topic specific education and actually reflects how US government engages with foreign nations
3. Ground – Aff destroys all core generics based off economic engagement with the topic countries – key to check new affs and destroys clash
4. Extra Topicality – the aff can claim advantages not off of engagement with Mexico – impossible for the neg to predict and research

Giroux Bad
Framing issue—the discourse at the heart of giroux’s critical pedagogy is coopted by globalization hacks—root metaphors guarantee even if their intent is noble, the result is the status quo as usual
Bowers, teaches education and social thought at the University of Oregon, Feb 2002
C A, Toward an Eco-Justice Pedagogy, http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enandlr=andsafe =offandq=cache:rFigy8OJle0J:web.pdx.edu/pdx01401/anecojusticepedagogy2003.pdf+Nietzsche+AND+Giroux, 10/4/06, Stevens
According to Brown... in their daily existence" 

The link—Critical pedagogy reinforces western ideals of autonomous critical subject—this approach devalues cultures based on oral traditions, further entrenching globalized development
Bowers, teaches education and social thought at the University of Oregon, Spring 2003
C.A., Can Critical Pedagogy be Greened?, Appeared in Educational Studies
Critical pedagogy reinforces ... model of  development.

Reject the aff’s western assumptions—our criticism of their western modes of thought opens up space for proper critiques of globalized structures—we are a pre-requisite to successful movements
Bowers, teaches education and social thought at the University of Oregon, Spring 2003
C.A., Can Critical Pedagogy be Greened?, Appeared in Educational Studies
Revitalizing the commons... media-dictated personal identities.

Tournament: Arlington | Round: Semis | Opponent: Colleyville CL | Judge: Shelby Pryor, Meghan Overheim, Matt Carswell
T
Interpretation – Economic engagement involves government-to-government interaction—
Haass and O’Sullivan, formerly a senior aide to President George Bush and is Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution, Washington DC, Meghan, Fellow with the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution 00
(Richard, , “Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies,” Summer 2000, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf)
Architects of engagement ... form of  engagement.

Violation – The Affirmative only authorizes the licensing of American companies to participate in the development of Cuban ethanol
Prefer our Interpretation
Topicality is a voting issue for competitive equity
1.Predictable Limits – forcing the aff to defend solvency evidence which specifies both an incentive and behavior key to check infinite amount of economic interaction
2.Education – the interp is key to topic specific education and actually reflects how US government engages with foreign nations
3.Predictable Ground- all of our links are based off of US engaging Cuba not what they do to the US companies, means they can just spike out of our disad and kritik links

Neolib
The shallow ‘green capitalism’ of the aff is used to help profits, not the environment – the aff focus on
Smith, Institute for Policy Research and Development, London, 2011
( “Green capitalism: the god that failed” real-world economics review issue no. 56 march 11 2011 http://climateandcapitalism.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2011/05/Green-capitalism-the-god-that-failed.pdf accessed tm 9/9)
In rejecting the ... democratically-planned socialist economy.

Impact – continued spread of neoliberalism leads to planetary collapse
Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois,  2010
(Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED  
It is fitting ... walk the earth. 

C Alternative -- As an intellectual your rejection of capitalism has emancipatory results relentless criticism allows capitalism to be challenged.
Kovel Professor of Social Studies at Bard 2002
(Joel, , The Enemy of Nature, p224)
Relentless criticism can ...responsibility for intellectuals.

China Steel DA
New talks between China and Cuba prove Chinese commitment to Cuban sovereignty and bilateral co-op
BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific 9/26/13
(BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, BBC Worldwide Monitoring, “Chinese foreign minister meets Latin American, Caribbean officials,” 9/26/13, LexisNexis Scholastic, accessed 10/8/13 bh)
¶ ¶ United Nations, 25 September:... in China's internal affairs.

Lifting the embargo decks Chinese Steel.
Cuba Standard, ’10 (“U.S. steel group uses embargo to hammer China,” May 14th, 2010
http://www.cubastandard.com/2010/05/14/u-s-steel-group-uses-embargo-to-hammer-china/)
In written testimony... to its issues.”

b. The steel industry is the life-blood of their economy.
SSINA, ‘8 (A voluntary trade association representing virtually all the producers of specialty steel in North America, Specialty Steel industry of North America, October 2008, “China’s Specialty Steel Subsidies: Massive, Pervasive, and Illegal, SSINA, http://www.ssina.com/news/releases/pdf_releases/20081014_report.pdf)
THE CHINESE GOVERNMENT ... in numerous applications:13 

Chinese economic downturn causes World War III
Plate, professor of Policy and Communication Studies at UCLA, 03
(Tom, Asia Pacific Media Networks, “WHY NOT INVADE CHINA? With allies like the neo-cons, Bush scarcely needs enemies”, June 30, http://asiamedia.ucla.edu/TomPlate2003/06302003.htm, date accessed 10/8/13, EIL)
But imagine a ...now seems to prefer.

SPS Consortium CP
Text:  The United States federal government should enter into a Space-Solar Energy Consortium with China, Japan and Russia.  We’ll clarify 

Specifically, SPS cooperation uniquely good for US leadership and for alternative energy
Cox, retired prosecutor and public interest lawyer, 2011
(William John, March 23, 2011, http://www.consortiumnews.com/Print/2011/032311b.html, 6-27-11)
President Kennedy once ... and await us. 

And we solve the climate advantage better and faster
Now is key – SPS solves climate change and the tech is ready to slow the rate
Hadhazy, Staff writer for the Scientific American, 9
(Adam Hadhazy, scientific american, 4/16/9, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=will-space-based-solar-power-finally-see-the-light-of-day, 6/23/11, KJ)
Pacific Gas and Electric Co... director of the CSP.