Turn – cooperation between the two countries is key to tech sharing that prevents disasters Bert and Clayton, Captain in the US Coast Guard and Fellow for Energy Security at the Council on Foreign Relations, 2012 (Captain Melissa and Blake, “Addressing the Risk of a Cuban Oil Spill,” Council on Foreign Relations, Policy Innovation Memorandum No. 15, March, Online: http://www.cfr.org/cuba/addressing-risk-cuban-oil-spill/p27515) An oil well…time from Cuba
Turn - The Cuban embargo is the most coercive and punitive policy to reshape the economics of a nation – forces cuba to “dollarize” their economy to combat economic isolation leaving afro-cuban women to be treated as sex jockeys Harrison 2 (Faye V. Harrison, professor of anthropology at the University of Florida, Global Apartheid, “Foreign Policy,and Human Rights,” Summer 2002, http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/fayeharr/images/Global.pdf, Accessed October 29, 2013, JD) Although structural adjustment… defiant socialist sanctuary.5
3/27/14
Jesuit WT Cuba 1AC Plano West
Tournament: Plano West | Round: 1 | Opponent: Coppell | Judge: The Genealogy of the US policy toward Cuba has created a history and representation of Cuba and the Cuban people that is inaccurate, dehumanizing, and otherizing. The implications of this are the securitization, the subjugation, the otherization of Cuba, the Cuban people in US rhetoric and history and they are manifested in US foreign policy toward Cuba and to the world. Cuba is the microcosm of the US global imperial project and the Cuban embargo is the most recent iteration of our attempts to erase Cuba. United States policy towards Cuba has been the testing ground for perfecting instruments of US imperialism and the US propaganda project. Pérez 08 (Louis A. Pérez Jr., Professor of History at University of North Carolina, 2008, “Cuba In The American Imagination-Metaphor and the Imperial Ethos,” pg. 1-11)
Cuba occupies a … that was Cuba.¶
The bedrock of US Cuba policy is ideological domination. The US has justified this domination by framing Cuba as security, economic, and domestic political threats. These frames are rooted in the discursive and historical construction of Cuba and the Cuban people as “stunted humans” and “underdeveloped” in need of saving. Schoultz 2010 (Lars Schoultz is the William Rand Kenan Jr. Professor of Political Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. “ Benevolent Domination,” Latin American and Caribbean Studies, Cuban Studies, Volume 41, Project Muse).
Benevolent Domination: The … threat to its interests.
We isolate several implications to continuing this discursive, epistemic, and policy approach to Cuba Security/American Exceptionalism: This on-going construction of Cuba as the inferior other has created a false truth about Cuba that has been represented in democracy promotion policy and in the representation of Cuba to the American public—this is the worse form of American Exceptionalism Wylie 10 Lana Wylie is an assistant professor in the Department of Political Science at McMaster University. “Perceptions of Cuba: Canadian and American policies in comparative perspective” 2010 NG
Historical Representations: Cuba …hostility towards Cuba.
This mentality creates a civilized/barbarian dichotomy that justifies the use of coercive democratization and the promotion of neo-liberalism under the guise of democracy promotion Hobson 09 (Christopher Hobson, Department of International Politics Aberystwyth Univeristy, “The Limits of Liberal-Democracy Promotion,” Alternatives #34, EBSCO, JD)
Coercive democratization emerged …, very troubled region.”42
This type of all encompassing security politics authorizes limitless global destruction. Der Derian 98 (James, Professor of Political Science at the University of Massachusetts, On Security, Ed. Lipschutz, p. 24-25) No other concept in … into a fearful sameness.
Only by rejecting our current discourse towards Cuba can we break down violent ontologies that shape policies and are the root cause of war and environmental destruction Burke 7 Anthony, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at UNSW, Sydney, Theory and Event, 10:2, “Ontologies of War: Violence, Existence and Reason,” Muse
This neoliberal logic of disposability underlies all security impacts and makes extinction inevitable Santos, sociology prof, 3 (Boaventura de Sousa, Professor of Sociology at the School of Economics, University of Coimbra (Portugal) and Distinguished Scholar at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Law School. "Collective Suicide?" March 28, 2003 online http://www.ces.fe.uc.pt/opiniao/bss/072en.php)
According to Franz Hinkelammert, … of horror and destruction.
Cuban agriculture is at a critical turning point – capital shortages are causing a turn away from ecological sustainability M. Dawn King, Professor of Environmental Studies at Brown, 3/21/12 (Cuban Sustainability: The Effects of Economic Isolation on Agriculture and Energy, wpsa.research.pdx.edu/meet/2012/kingmdawn.pdf)
Cuba needed an … capital and energy needs.
Cuba is reverting back to industrial methods – this eliminates a critical model for global agroecology necessary to adapt to future challenges and prevent mass shortages Raj Patel, Fellow at the Institute for Food and Development Policy, 2012 (April, What Cuba Can Teach Us About Food and Climate Change, www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/future_tense/2012/04/agro_ecology_lessons_from_cuba_on_agriculture_food_and_climate_change_.single.html)
The Studebakers plying … are stuck in the past.
The plan generates much needed capital for Cuban organic agriculture and leads to US adoption which fuels worldwide adoption Jacob Shkolnick, JD Candidate at Drake, Fall 2012 (SIN EMBARGO: n1 THE CUBAN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR THE UNITED STATES” 17 Drake J. Agric. L. 683, lexis)
While investment in … agriculture to flourish.
Current industrial Agriculture practices are unstainable for the environment and overall food security PETERS, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 10 ( KATHRYN A. ,University of Oregon School of Law, 2010, Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution, Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf, Accessed: 10/12/13, CD)
The U.S. agricultural system ….declining crop yields.25
Entrance into the global market won’t cause Cuban abandonment of agroecology - they’ll be able to outcompete industrial models and promote global adoption Christina Cornell, Research Associate at Council on Hemispheric Affairs, 4/17/09 (Cuba Elevates Urban Gardening to a Cause, http://www.thecuttingedgenews.com/index.php?article=11525) Many worry whether …competitive transactions and trade.
Global food shortages risk starvation and war Julian Cribb, Professor in Science Communication at the University of Technology Sydney, 2010 (Julian, principal of JCA, fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, “The Coming Famine: The Global Food Crisis and What We Can Do to Avoid It”, pg 10)
The character of … threat than global warming."
Thus the plan: United States federal government should normalize its trade relations with Cuba.
10/26/13
Jesuit WT Cuba 1AC - Emory
Tournament: Emory | Round: 1 | Opponent: Pace LS | Judge: Elyse Conklin Plan Thus the plan: The United States federal government should end its sanctions on Cuba.
Contention 1 State of the World Despite easing of US medical sanctions against Cuba – current laws and atmosphere still make trade in the medical supplies impossible AP, 09 (Associated Press, “Embargo as genocide? U.S, Cuba spar over it,” http://www.nbcnews.com/id/34277833/#.UqsdZddCpQI, NBC News, 12/4/09, accessed on 12/13/13, AW) U.S. law exempted…U.S.-Cuba relations can be. While Raul Castro has undertaken reforms, Castro reforms only favor elites and perpetuate authoritarian capitalism in the name of socialism Alfonso, 14 (Haroldo Dilla, doctorate in Urban Sociology and director of Latin American and Caribbean Studies at the Centro de Estudios sobre América (Centre of American Studies) in Havana, “Cuba in the Worst Business Sense,” 1/14/14, Havana Times, http://www.havanatimes.org/?p=101241, accessed on 1/14/14, AW) When looking at…– at 100 thousand dollars. Advantage 1 – Medicine Under the embargo, Cuban are denied crucial medical supplies – US uses the embargo to undermine Cuban socialist movements, only lifting the embargo allows these movements to spread globally Kovalik 13 (Daniel Kovalik, human and labor rights lawyer, Counter Punch, June 30 2013, http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/06/28/the-unrelenting-economic-war-on-cuba/, Accessed November 24, 2013, JD)
This is important, for…this small insurgent island. U.S. policy is a war on the Cuban people – denying access to medical technology with no alternative – we have a moral imperative to end sanctions that will destroy Cuba’s healthcare system– this is the most specific card you will read on the issue Lamrani, professor of Spanish and Latin American Studies at the University of Paris-Sorbonne and specialist in Cuban-American relations, 13 (Salim, “The Impact of the Economic Sanctions on Health Care,” The Economic War Against Cuba, pg 46-50, it’s a book, AW) Economic sanctions have…vital to its survival. The logic of the embargo sacrifices Cuba in the name of neoliberalism. This sacrifice of the periphery propels us towards collective suicide where the tool of government are used for mass destruction. Santos 3 (Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Professor of Sociology at the School of Economics at the University of Coimbra, “Collective Suicide?”, March 28 2003, http://www.ces.fe.uc.pt/opiniao/bss/072en.php, Accessed October 29, 2013, JD)
According to Franz Hinkelammert,…horror and destruction.
Advantage 2 – Exceptionalism Cuba represents the microcosm of this US imperial history, culminating in the Cuban Embargo. Cuba serves as the testing ground for perfecting instruments of US imperialism and US propaganda project Pérez 08 (Louis A. Pérez Jr., Professor of History at University of North Carolina, 2008, “Cuba In The American Imagination-Metaphor and the Imperial Ethos,” pg. 1-11, JD)
Cuba occupies a special…that was Cuba.¶ The bedrock of US Cuban policy is benevolent domination. The US justifies its history of imperialism by framing Cuba as a security, economic, and political threat. This domination is rooted in the discursive and historical construction of Cuba as “underdeveloped” in need of the US savior Schoultz 2010 (Lars Schoultz is the William Rand Kenan Jr. Professor of Political Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. “ Benevolent Domination,” Latin American and Caribbean Studies, Cuban Studies, Volume 41, Project Muse).
Benevolent Domination: The…threat to its interests. Lifting the embargo sends an international signal of US willingness to reject unilateralism for multilateralism Von Burgsdorff 09 (Sven Kuhn Von Burgsdorff, Center for Latin American Studies Universitery of Miami,”US Policy towards Cuba: Problems and Opportunities for the Incoming Obama Administration,” March 2009, http://www.as.miami.edu/eucenter/papers/vBurgsdorffObama09.pdf, accessed on 10/23/13, accessed November 1, 2013, JD)
This all-encompassing security politics authorizes limitless global destruction – only historical reflection through a genealogy can break down modern security and reinterpret American IR to include fluid identities Der Derian 98 (James Der Derian, Professor of Political Science at the University of Massachusetts, On Security, Ed. Lipschutz, p. 24-25, JD) No other concept…into a fearful sameness.
Only through the rejection of American exceptionalist discourse can we reshape the violent ontologies that dominate American policy frameworks and are the root cause of war, repressive, coercion, intervention, and ecological destruction Burke 7 Anthony, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at UNSW, Sydney, Theory and Event, 10:2, “Ontologies of War: Violence, Existence and Reason,” Muse
My argument here…Will our thought?
1/24/14
Jesuit WT Cuba 1AC - Hockaday All K Version
Tournament: Hockaday | Round: 1 | Opponent: Grapevine US | Judge: Thus the plan: United States Federal Government should lift its economic sanctions on Cuba The Genealogy of US policies towards Cuba is a history of the development of imperialist methodologies. US foreign imperialism over the past century has shifted from armed intervention, to military occupation, to constitution writings, to puppet regimes, and finally to economic sanctions. Cuba represents the microcosm of this US imperial history, culminating in the Cuban Embargo. Cuba serves as the testing ground for perfecting instruments of US imperialism and US propaganda project Pérez 08 (Louis A. Pérez Jr., Professor of History at University of North Carolina, 2008, “Cuba In The American Imagination-Metaphor and the Imperial Ethos,” pg. 1-11, JD)
Cuba occupies a … that was Cuba.¶
The bedrock of US Cuban policy is benevolent domination. The US justifies its history of imperialism by framing Cuba as a security, economic, and political threat. This domination is rooted in the discursive and historical construction of Cuba as “underdeveloped” in need of the US savior Schoultz 2010 (Lars Schoultz is the William Rand Kenan Jr. Professor of Political Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. “ Benevolent Domination,” Latin American and Caribbean Studies, Cuban Studies, Volume 41, Project Muse).
Benevolent Domination: The … to its interests.
Thus the Plan: United States federal government should normalize its trade relations with Cuba.
Scenario 1 is Neoliberalism: The Cuban embargo is the most coercive and punitive policy to reshape the economics of a nation – forces cuba to “dollarize” their economy to combat economic isolation leading to increased crime and violence against afro-cubana women Harrison 2 (Faye V. Harrison, professor of anthropology at the University of Florida, Global Apartheid, “Foreign Policy,and Human Rights,” Summer 2002, http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/fayeharr/images/Global.pdf, Accessed October 29, 2013, JD)
Although structural adjustment … defiant socialist sanctuary.5
This neoliberal logic of disposability underlies all security impacts and makes destruction inevitable Santos 3 (Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Professor of Sociology at the School of Economics at the University of Coimbra, “Collective Suicide?”, March 28 2003, http://www.ces.fe.uc.pt/opiniao/bss/072en.php, Accessed October 29, 2013, JD)
According to Franz Hinkelammert, … of horror and destruction.
Trivialization of this disposability, especially the violence against Cuban women, makes all war inevitable Hudson 9 (Valerie M. Hudson, Brigham Young Political Science Professor, “The Heart of the Matter: The Security of Women and the Security of States,” International Security - Vol. 33, No. 3, Winter 2008/09)
Just as a proclivity … for social diffusion.
Lifting the Cuban embargo empowers the people to increase anti-neoliberal resistance and serve as a case study for the redeployment of the market – cuba wouldn’t succumb to globalization Shreve 12 (Heather Shreve, executive articles editor at the Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, “Harmonization, but Not Homogenization: The case for Cuban Autonomy in Globalizing Economic Reforms,” Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, Winter 2012, Volume 19, Issue 1, JD)
Globalization in today's … harmonization of globalization.
Scenario 2 is Exceptionalism Perception of Cuba as the inferior has created a false truth about Cuba that has been represented in the US’s securitized history towards Cuba – this is the worst form of American Exceptionalism Wylie 10 (Lana Wylie, an assistant professor in the Department of Political Science at McMaster University, “Perceptions of Cuba: Canadian and American Policies in Comparative Perspective,” 2010, JD)
Historical Representations: Cuba … hostility towards Cuba.
These securitized policies create a dichotomy distinguishing between the civilized US and the barbarian Cuba teething with threats - justifying coercive policies like the Cuban embargo under the guise of democracy promotion Hobson 09 (Christopher Hobson, Department of International Politics Aberystwyth Univeristy, “The Limits of Liberal-Democracy Promotion,” Alternatives #34, EBSCO, JD)
Coercive democratization emerged … very troubled region.”42
This all-encompassing security politics authorizes limitless global destruction – only historical reflection through a genealogy can break down modern security and reinterpret American IR to include fluid identities Der Derian 98 (James Der Derian, Professor of Political Science at the University of Massachusetts, On Security, Ed. Lipschutz, p. 24-25, JD)
No other concept … a fearful sameness.
Only through the rejection of American exceptionalist discourse can we reshape the violent ontologies that dominate American policy frameworks and are the root cause of war, repressive, coercion, intervention, and ecological destruction Burke 7 Anthony, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at UNSW, Sydney, Theory and Event, 10:2, “Ontologies of War: Violence, Existence and Reason,” Muse
My argument here, … Will our thought?
Scenario 3 is Solvency
Lifting the embargo sends an international signal of US willingness to reject unilateralism for multilateralism Von Burgsdorff 09 (Sven Kuhn Von Burgsdorff, Center for Latin American Studies Universitery of Miami,”US Policy towards Cuba: Problems and Opportunities for the Incoming Obama Administration,” March 2009, http://www.as.miami.edu/eucenter/papers/vBurgsdorffObama09.pdf, accessed on 10/23/13, accessed November 1, 2013, JD)
At international level … towards effective multilateralism.
As policymakers and academics, we have a responsibility to investigate the metaphors behind the American imperial project in Cuba—must challenge the representations, the history, and change the policies. Perez 8 (PhD, J. Carlyle Sitterson Professor of History at University of North Carolina (Louis A. Pérez Jr., 2008, “Cuba in the American Imagination: Metaphor and the Imperial Ethos”, Google Books)EM
The analysis of … defense of their interests.
Cultural Erasure: The US embargo against Cuba is an act of cultural erasure – American imperialism is founded on racist images of Cubans and economic paternalism Riley 6 (Shannon Rose, Doctor of Philosophy in performance studies with a special emphasis on critical theory, “Imagi-nations in Black and White: Cuba, Haiti, and the Performance of Difference in US National Projects, 1898-1940” http://www.academia.edu/1378319/Imagi-nations_in_Black_and_White_Cuba_Haiti_and_the_Performance_of_Difference_in_US_National_Projects_1898-1940) In another overly … national cultural imaginary. The embargo is an on-going assault on the Cuban people and must be ended immediately. There is no justification for keeping the Embargo in place for any reason. Herrera, 03 (Remy, economist at the National Center for Scientific Research at the University of Paris and Cuban economy expert, “US Embargo against Cuba,” Economic and Political Weekly, 10/11/03, JSTOR) The US government's …to cease immediately. Fear of apocalypse causes endless violence in the name of security Coviello 2k (Peter, Professor of English and Acting Program Director of Africana Studies at Bowdoin College, Queer Frontiers, p. 40-41)
Perhaps. But to … be done without.
11/23/13
Jesuit WT Cuba 1AC - Hockaday K Ag Version
Tournament: Hockaday | Round: 3 | Opponent: St Marks PG | Judge: Thus the plan: United States Federal Government should lift its economic sanctions on Cuba The Genealogy of US policies towards Cuba is a history of the development of imperialist methodologies. US foreign imperialism over the past century has shifted from armed intervention, to military occupation, to constitution writings, to puppet regimes, and finally to economic sanctions. Cuba represents the microcosm of this US imperial history, culminating in the Cuban Embargo. Cuba serves as the testing ground for perfecting instruments of US imperialism and US propaganda project Pérez 08 (Louis A. Pérez Jr., Professor of History at University of North Carolina, 2008, “Cuba In The American Imagination-Metaphor and the Imperial Ethos,” pg. 1-11, JD)
Cuba occupies a … that was Cuba.¶
The bedrock of US Cuban policy is benevolent domination. The US justifies its history of imperialism by framing Cuba as a security, economic, and political threat. This domination is rooted in the discursive and historical construction of Cuba as “underdeveloped” in need of the US savior Schoultz 2010 (Lars Schoultz is the William Rand Kenan Jr. Professor of Political Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. “ Benevolent Domination,” Latin American and Caribbean Studies, Cuban Studies, Volume 41, Project Muse).
Benevolent Domination: The … to its interests.
Thus the Plan: United States federal government should normalize its trade relations with Cuba.
Scenario 1 is Neoliberalism: The Cuban embargo is the most coercive and punitive policy to reshape the economics of a nation – forces cuba to “dollarize” their economy to combat economic isolation leading to increased crime and violence against afro-cubana women Harrison 2 (Faye V. Harrison, professor of anthropology at the University of Florida, Global Apartheid, “Foreign Policy,and Human Rights,” Summer 2002, http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/fayeharr/images/Global.pdf, Accessed October 29, 2013, JD)
Although structural adjustment … defiant socialist sanctuary.5
This neoliberal logic of disposability underlies all security impacts and makes destruction inevitable Santos 3 (Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Professor of Sociology at the School of Economics at the University of Coimbra, “Collective Suicide?”, March 28 2003, http://www.ces.fe.uc.pt/opiniao/bss/072en.php, Accessed October 29, 2013, JD)
According to Franz Hinkelammert, … of horror and destruction.
Trivialization of this disposability, especially the violence against Cuban women, makes all war inevitable Hudson 9 (Valerie M. Hudson, Brigham Young Political Science Professor, “The Heart of the Matter: The Security of Women and the Security of States,” International Security - Vol. 33, No. 3, Winter 2008/09)
Just as a proclivity … for social diffusion.
Lifting the Cuban embargo empowers the people to increase anti-neoliberal resistance and serve as a case study for the redeployment of the market – cuba wouldn’t succumb to globalization Shreve 12 (Heather Shreve, executive articles editor at the Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, “Harmonization, but Not Homogenization: The case for Cuban Autonomy in Globalizing Economic Reforms,” Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, Winter 2012, Volume 19, Issue 1, JD)
Globalization in today's … harmonization of globalization.
Scenario 2 is Exceptionalism Perception of Cuba as the inferior has created a false truth about Cuba that has been represented in the US’s securitized history towards Cuba – this is the worst form of American Exceptionalism Wylie 10 (Lana Wylie, an assistant professor in the Department of Political Science at McMaster University, “Perceptions of Cuba: Canadian and American Policies in Comparative Perspective,” 2010, JD)
Historical Representations: Cuba … hostility towards Cuba.
These securitized policies create a dichotomy distinguishing between the civilized US and the barbarian Cuba teething with threats - justifying coercive policies like the Cuban embargo under the guise of democracy promotion Hobson 09 (Christopher Hobson, Department of International Politics Aberystwyth Univeristy, “The Limits of Liberal-Democracy Promotion,” Alternatives #34, EBSCO, JD)
Coercive democratization emerged … very troubled region.”42
This all-encompassing security politics authorizes limitless global destruction – only historical reflection through a genealogy can break down modern security and reinterpret American IR to include fluid identities Der Derian 98 (James Der Derian, Professor of Political Science at the University of Massachusetts, On Security, Ed. Lipschutz, p. 24-25, JD)
No other concept … a fearful sameness.
Only through the rejection of American exceptionalist discourse can we reshape the violent ontologies that dominate American policy frameworks and are the root cause of war, repressive, coercion, intervention, and ecological destruction Burke 7 Anthony, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at UNSW, Sydney, Theory and Event, 10:2, “Ontologies of War: Violence, Existence and Reason,” Muse
My argument here, … Will our thought? Scenario 3 is Solvency
Lifting the embargo sends an international signal of US willingness to reject unilateralism for multilateralism Von Burgsdorff 09 (Sven Kuhn Von Burgsdorff, Center for Latin American Studies Universitery of Miami,”US Policy towards Cuba: Problems and Opportunities for the Incoming Obama Administration,” March 2009, http://www.as.miami.edu/eucenter/papers/vBurgsdorffObama09.pdf, accessed on 10/23/13, accessed November 1, 2013, JD)
At international level … towards effective multilateralism.
As policymakers and academics, we have a responsibility to investigate the metaphors behind the American imperial project in Cuba—must challenge the representations, the history, and change the policies. Perez 8 (PhD, J. Carlyle Sitterson Professor of History at University of North Carolina (Louis A. Pérez Jr., 2008, “Cuba in the American Imagination: Metaphor and the Imperial Ethos”, Google Books)EM
The analysis of … defense of their interests.
Scenario 4 is Agriculture Cuban agriculture is at a critical turning point – capital shortages are causing a turn away from ecological sustainability King 12 (M. Dawn King, Professor of Environmental Studies at Brown, “Cuban Sustainability: The effects of Economic Isolation on Agriculture and Energy,” March 21 2012, wpsa.research.pdx.edu/meet/2012/kingmdawn.pdf, Accessed October 30, 2013, JD)
Cuba needed an … and energy needs. Cuba is reverting back to industrial methods – this eliminates a critical model for global agroecology necessary to adapt to future challenges and prevent mass shortages Raj Patel, Fellow at the Institute for Food and Development Policy, 2012 (April, What Cuba Can Teach Us About Food and Climate Change, www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/future_tense/2012/04/agro_ecology_lessons_from_cuba_on_agriculture_food_and_climate_change_.single.html)
The Studebakers plying … are stuck in the past. The plan generates much needed capital for Cuban organic agriculture and leads to US adoption which fuels worldwide adoption Shkolnick 12 (Jacob Shkolnick, JD Candidate at Drake, “Sin Embargo: The Cuban Agricultural Revolution and What It Means for the United States,” lexis-nexis, JD)
While investment in … agriculture to flourish. Entrance into the global market won’t cause Cuban abandonment of agroecology - they’ll be able to outcompete industrial models and promote global adoption Cornell 09 (Christina Cornell, Research Associate at Council on Hemispheric Affairs, “Cuba Elevates Urban Gardening to a Cause, April 17 2009, http://www.thecuttingedgenews.com/index.php?article=11525, Accessed October 30, 2013, JD)
Many worry whether … competitive transactions and trade. Current industrial Agriculture practices are unstainable for the environment and overall food security Peters 10 (Kathryn A. Peters, University of Oregon School of Law, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution,” Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation, 2010, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf, Accessed: 10/12/13, CD)
The U.S. agricultural …in declining crop yields.25 Global food shortages cause starvation and war Cribb 10 (Julian Cribb, Professor in Science Communication at the University of Technology Sydney, “The Coming Famine: The Global Food Crisis and What We Can Do to Avoid It,” pg. 10, 2010, JD)
The character of … than global warming."
11/23/13
Jesuit WT Cuba 1AC - St Marks
Tournament: St Marks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Greenhill RM | Judge: The Genealogy of the US policy toward Cuba has created a history and representation of Cuba and the Cuban people that is inaccurate, dehumanizing, and otherizing. The implications of this are the securitization, the subjugation, the otherization of Cuba, the Cuban people in US rhetoric and history and they are manifested in US foreign policy toward Cuba and to the world. Cuba is the microcosm of the US global imperial project and the Cuban embargo is the most recent iteration of our attempts to erase Cuba. United States policy towards Cuba has been the testing ground for perfecting instruments of US imperialism and the US propaganda project. Pérez 08 (Louis A. Pérez Jr., Professor of History at University of North Carolina, 2008, “Cuba In The American Imagination-Metaphor and the Imperial Ethos,” pg. 1-11)
Cuba occupies a … that was Cuba.¶
The bedrock of US Cuba policy is ideological domination. The US has justified this domination by framing Cuba as security, economic, and domestic political threats. These frames are rooted in the discursive and historical construction of Cuba and the Cuban people as “stunted humans” and “underdeveloped” in need of saving. Schoultz 2010 (Lars Schoultz is the William Rand Kenan Jr. Professor of Political Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. “ Benevolent Domination,” Latin American and Caribbean Studies, Cuban Studies, Volume 41, Project Muse).
Benevolent Domination: The … threat to its interests.
We isolate several implications to continuing this discursive, epistemic, and policy approach to Cuba Security/American Exceptionalism: This on-going construction of Cuba as the inferior other has created a false truth about Cuba that has been represented in democracy promotion policy and in the representation of Cuba to the American public—this is the worse form of American Exceptionalism Wylie 10 Lana Wylie is an assistant professor in the Department of Political Science at McMaster University. “Perceptions of Cuba: Canadian and American policies in comparative perspective” 2010 NG
Historical Representations: Cuba …hostility towards Cuba.
This mentality creates a civilized/barbarian dichotomy that justifies the use of coercive democratization and the promotion of neo-liberalism under the guise of democracy promotion Hobson 09 (Christopher Hobson, Department of International Politics Aberystwyth Univeristy, “The Limits of Liberal-Democracy Promotion,” Alternatives #34, EBSCO, JD)
Coercive democratization emerged …, very troubled region.”42
This type of all encompassing security politics authorizes limitless global destruction. Der Derian 98 (James, Professor of Political Science at the University of Massachusetts, On Security, Ed. Lipschutz, p. 24-25) No other concept in … into a fearful sameness.
Only by rejecting our current discourse towards Cuba can we break down violent ontologies that shape policies and are the root cause of war and environmental destruction Burke 7 Anthony, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at UNSW, Sydney, Theory and Event, 10:2, “Ontologies of War: Violence, Existence and Reason,” Muse
This neoliberal logic of disposability underlies all security impacts and makes extinction inevitable Santos, sociology prof, 3 (Boaventura de Sousa, Professor of Sociology at the School of Economics, University of Coimbra (Portugal) and Distinguished Scholar at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Law School. "Collective Suicide?" March 28, 2003 online http://www.ces.fe.uc.pt/opiniao/bss/072en.php)
According to Franz Hinkelammert, … of horror and destruction.
Trivialization of this violence makes all war inevitable Hudson 9 (Valerie M. Hudson, Brigham Young Political Science Professor, “The Heart of the Matter: The Security of Women and the Security of States,” International Security - Vol. 33, No. 3, Winter 2008/09) Just as a proclivity … wellspring for social diffusion.
Cuban agriculture is at a critical turning point – capital shortages are causing a turn away from ecological sustainability M. Dawn King, Professor of Environmental Studies at Brown, 3/21/12 (Cuban Sustainability: The Effects of Economic Isolation on Agriculture and Energy, wpsa.research.pdx.edu/meet/2012/kingmdawn.pdf)
Cuba needed an … capital and energy needs.
Cuba is reverting back to industrial methods – this eliminates a critical model for global agroecology necessary to adapt to future challenges and prevent mass shortages Raj Patel, Fellow at the Institute for Food and Development Policy, 2012 (April, What Cuba Can Teach Us About Food and Climate Change, www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/future_tense/2012/04/agro_ecology_lessons_from_cuba_on_agriculture_food_and_climate_change_.single.html)
The Studebakers plying … are stuck in the past.
The plan generates much needed capital for Cuban organic agriculture and leads to US adoption which fuels worldwide adoption Jacob Shkolnick, JD Candidate at Drake, Fall 2012 (SIN EMBARGO: n1 THE CUBAN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR THE UNITED STATES” 17 Drake J. Agric. L. 683, lexis)
While investment in … agriculture to flourish.
Entrance into the global market won’t cause Cuban abandonment of agroecology - they’ll be able to outcompete industrial models and promote global adoption Christina Cornell, Research Associate at Council on Hemispheric Affairs, 4/17/09 (Cuba Elevates Urban Gardening to a Cause, http://www.thecuttingedgenews.com/index.php?article=11525) Many worry whether …competitive transactions and trade.
Global food shortages risk extinction from starvation and war Julian Cribb, Professor in Science Communication at the University of Technology Sydney, 2010 (Julian, principal of JCA, fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, “The Coming Famine: The Global Food Crisis and What We Can Do to Avoid It”, pg 10)
The character of … threat than global warming."
Thus the plan: United States federal government should normalize its trade relations with Cuba.
10/22/13
Jesuit WT Cuba Science 1AC - NDCA
Tournament: NDCA | Round: 4 | Opponent: Pace FQ | Judge: Eric Forslund Contention 1 is Science Diplomacy Plan establishes a model of science cooperation key to effective science diplomacy and relations – squo is insufficient Johnson et al, 12 (Stephen, senior fellow and director of the Americas Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Nicholas R. Lambardo, Sadie May Davis, “U.S. – Cuba Academic and Science-Based Exchanges,” August 2012, Center For Strategic and International Studies, accessed on 4/4/14, AW) Since the early…in a positive light. Science Diplomacy solves conflicts and ensures peace – fosters confidence and international interaction Lempinen, 12 (Edward, AAAS editor and writer for the Target New Service, “Fifty Years after the Cuban Missile Crisis, New Roles for SandT in Nuclear Arms Control,” 10/30/12, ProQuest, accessed on 4/8/14, AW) In Turekian's view… and peace-making. *This model of scientific cooperation is necessary to prevent planetary extinction Lempinen, 12 (Edward W, AAAS editor and writer for the Target New Service, “Oceans, Weather, Health – US Researchers Explore Potential Col with Cuban Colleagues,” Targeted News Service, May 1, 2012, ProQuest, accessed on 4/6/14, AW) These may be… on planet Earth." Contention 2 is the Environment Shared ecosystems means cooperation from the plan uniquely key to sustain biodiversity in the region Boom, 12 (Brian M, director of Caribbean Biodiversity Program and Bassett Maguire Curator of Botany at the New York Botanical Gardens, “Biodiversity without Borders: Advancing U.S.-Cuba Cooperation through Environmental Research,” Science Diplomacy, September 2012, http://www.sciencediplomacy.org/article/2012/biodiversity-without-borders, accessed on 4/2/14, AW) THE ever-increasing… suffers as a result. Specifically, we identify two areas for necessarily scientific cooperation Scenario 1 – Oil Oil and gas drilling inevitable – plan creates joint cooperation key to respond to spills that destroy regional biodiversity Boom, 12 (Brian M, director of Caribbean Biodiversity Program and Bassett Maguire Curator of Botany at the New York Botanical Gardens, “Biodiversity without Borders: Advancing U.S.-Cuba Cooperation through Environmental Research,” Science Diplomacy, September 2012, http://www.sciencediplomacy.org/article/2012/biodiversity-without-borders, accessed on 4/2/14, AW) Man-made environmental…these shared threats. Scenario two – Atmospheric Science Joint cooperation key to atmospheric science necessary to track hurricanes and other global weather events Lempinen, 12 (Edward W, AAAS editor and writer for the Target New Service, “Oceans, Weather, Health – US Researchers Explore Potential Col with Cuban Colleagues,” Targeted News Service, May 1, 2012, ProQuest, accessed on 4/6/14, AW) Atmospheric research is…measurements in Cuba." The lack of cooperation results in damage to regional and global biodiversity. Caribbean is key to global biodiversity – hot spot for important ecosystems CEPF, 10 (Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, “The Caribbean Islands Biodiversity Hotspot,” 1/15/10, http://www.cepf.net/Documents/Final_Caribbean_EP.pdf, accessed on 4/8/14, AW) Everyone depends on …U.S. overseas territories (See Figure 1). Loss of biodiversity is just bad harming health security, agriculture, global economy and cultural practices – ending in extinction Mittermeier ‘11 (et al, Dr. Russell Alan Mittermeier is a primatologist, herpetologist and biological anthropologist. He holds Ph.D. from Harvard in Biological Anthropology and serves as an Adjunct Professor at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He has conducted fieldwork for over 30 years on three continents and in more than 20 countries in mainly tropical locations. He is the President of Conservation International and he is considered an expert on biological diversity. Mittermeier has formally discovered several monkey species. From Chapter One of the book Biodiversity Hotspots – F.E. Zachos and J.C. Habel (eds.), DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20992-5_1, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011. This evidence also internally references Norman Myers, a very famous British environmentalist specialising in biodiversity. available at: http://www.academia.edu/1536096/Global_biodiversity_conservation_the_critical_role_of_hotspots) Extinction is the…criterion to a genuine hotspot. Thus the plan: The United States federal government, specifically the executive branch, should economically engage the government of Cuba in negotiating a bilateral environmental and scientific cooperation accord through the expansion and expediting of licenses, permits, visas, and project approvals. Contention 3 is Solvency Plan solves Boom, 12 (Brian M, director of Caribbean Biodiversity Program and Bassett Maguire Curator of Botany at the New York Botanical Gardens, “Biodiversity without Borders: Advancing U.S.-Cuba Cooperation through Environmental Research,” Science Diplomacy, September 2012, http://www.sciencediplomacy.org/article/2012/biodiversity-without-borders, accessed on 4/2/14, AW) Nature knows no… for future relations. Cooperation solves environmental harms and Cuba says yes Lempinen, 12 (Edward W, AAAS editor and writer for the Target New Service, “Oceans, Weather, Health – US Researchers Explore Potential Col with Cuban Colleagues,” Targeted News Service, May 1, 2012, ProQuest, accessed on 4/6/14, AW) They are next-door neighbors,…sustainable development everywhere."
Squo barriers make science cooperation impossible – key to check ecosystem destruction from commercial fishing, oil drilling, pollution, and development Friedman-Rudovsky, 13 (Jean, award-winning freelance journalist, “Marine Studies show Potential for US-Cuban Collaboration,” Science Magazine Vol. 341, 8/2/13, accessed on 3/31/14, AW) There’s a lot…about further openings.
4/12/14
Jesuit WT LIft cuba 1ac
Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: st marks | Judge: The Genealogy of the US policy toward Cuba has created a history and representation of Cuba and the Cuban people that is inaccurate, dehumanizing, and otherizing. The implications of this are the securitization, the subjugation, the otherization of Cuba, the Cuban people in US rhetoric and history and they are manifested in US foreign policy toward Cuba and to the world. Cuba is the microcosm of the US global imperial project and the Cuban embargo is the most recent iteration of our attempts to erase Cuba. United States policy towards Cuba has been the testing ground for perfecting instruments of US imperialism and the US propaganda project. Pérez 08 (Louis A. Pérez Jr., Professor of History at University of North Carolina, 2008, “Cuba In The American Imagination-Metaphor and the Imperial Ethos,” pg. 1-11) Cuba occupies a … that was Cuba.¶
The bedrock of US Cuba policy is ideological domination. The US has justified this domination by framing Cuba as security, economic, and domestic political threats. These frames are rooted in the discursive and historical construction of Cuba and the Cuban people as “stunted humans” and “underdeveloped” in need of saving. Schoultz 2010 (Lars Schoultz is the William Rand Kenan Jr. Professor of Political Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. “ Benevolent Domination,” Latin American and Caribbean Studies, Cuban Studies, Volume 41, Project Muse). Benevolent Domination: The … to its interests.
We isolate several implications to continuing this discursive, epistemic, and policy approach to Cuba Security/American Exceptionalism: This on-going construction of Cuba as the inferior other has created a false truth about Cuba that has been represented in democracy promotion policy and in the representation of Cuba to the American public—this is the worse form of American Exceptionalism Wylie 10 Lana Wylie is an assistant professor in the Department of Political Science at McMaster University. “Perceptions of Cuba: Canadian and American policies in comparative perspective” 2010 NG Historical Representations: Cuba … hostility towards Cuba.
This mentality creates a civilized/barbarian dichotomy that justifies the use of coercive democratization and the promotion of neo-liberalism under the guise of democracy promotion Hobson 09 (Christopher Hobson, Department of International Politics Aberystwyth Univeristy, “The Limits of Liberal-Democracy Promotion,” Alternatives #34, EBSCO, JD) Coercive democratization emerged …very troubled region.”42
This type of all encompassing security politics authorizes limitless global destruction. Der Derian 98 (James, Professor of Political Science at the University of Massachusetts, On Security, Ed. Lipschutz, p. 24-25) No other concept … a fearful sameness.
Cultural Erasure: The US embargo against Cuba is an act of cultural erasure – American imperialism is founded on racist images of Cubans and economic paternalism Riley 6 (Shannon Rose, Doctor of Philosophy in performance studies with a special emphasis on critical theory, “Imagi-nations in Black and White: Cuba, Haiti, and the Performance of Difference in US National Projects, 1898-1940” http://www.academia.edu/1378319/Imagi-nations_in_Black_and_White_Cuba_Haiti_and_the_Performance_of_Difference_in_US_National_Projects_1898-1940) In another overly … national cultural imaginary.
This neoliberal logic of disposability underlies all security impacts and makes extinction inevitable Santos, sociology prof, 3 (Boaventura de Sousa, Professor of Sociology at the School of Economics, University of Coimbra (Portugal) and Distinguished Scholar at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Law School. "Collective Suicide?" March 28, 2003 online http://www.ces.fe.uc.pt/opiniao/bss/072en.php) According to Franz Hinkelammert, … horror and destruction.
Disposability isn’t just symbolic –it’s real—the Embargo causes real suffering for the Cuba people specifically Afro-Cuban women are viewed as disposable so that northerners can enjoy a good and free society Harrison 2 (Faye V, professor of anthropology at the University of Florida, Global Apartheid, “Foreign Policy, and Human Rights,” Summer 2002, Souls: Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society 4(3): 48-68, http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/fayeharr/images/Global.pdf) In the context … defiant socialist sanctuary.5
Trivialization of this violence makes all war inevitable Hudson 9 (Valerie M. Hudson, Brigham Young Political Science Professor, “The Heart of the Matter: The Security of Women and the Security of States,” International Security - Vol. 33, No. 3, Winter 2008/09) Just as a proclivity … for social diffusion.
Each affirmation that places disposable populations at the center of the decision creates a pedagogical strategy of resistance Giroux 8 Henry, PROF. OF CULTURAL STUDIES AND COMMUNICATION AT MCMASTER UNIVERSITY, “Beyond the biopolitics of disposability: rethinking neoliberalism in the New Gilded Age” Social Identities, September, 2008, CMR Needless to say … of democratic politics.
As policymakers and academics, we have a responsibility to investigate the metaphors behind the American imperial project in Cuba—must challenge the representations, the history, and change the policies. Perez 8 (PhD, J. Carlyle Sitterson Professor of History at University of North Carolina (Louis A. Pérez Jr., 2008, “Cuba in the American Imagination: Metaphor and the Imperial Ethos”, Google Books)EM
The analysis of … defense of their interests.
Only by rejecting our current discourse towards Cuba can we break down violent ontologies that shape policies and are the root cause of war and environmental destruction Burke 7 Anthony, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at UNSW, Sydney, Theory and Event, 10:2, “Ontologies of War: Violence, Existence and Reason,” Muse
My argument here,… Will our thought?
The embargo is an on-going assault on the Cuban people and must be ended immediately. There is no justification for keeping the Embargo in place for any reason. Herrera, 03 (Remy, economist at the National Center for Scientific Research at the University of Paris and Cuban economy expert, “US Embargo against Cuba,” Economic and Political Weekly, 10/11/03, JSTOR) The US government's …to cease immediately.
Thus the plan: United States federal government should lift its economic sanctions on Cuba.