Tournament: Plano West | Round: Semis | Opponent: Coppell GS | Judge:
turn - biotech is the key internal link into an extinction level attack
Wilson, Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, ’12 (Grant, “Minimizing Global Catastrophic and Existential Risks from Emerging Technologies Through International Law”, November 21, 2012, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2179094, accessed 10/22/13, JF)

The threat of … escape or be stolen

Tournament: Plano West | Round: Semis | Opponent: Coppell GS | Judge:
Life sciences triggers the fastest existential risk within the round
Wilson, Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, ’12 (Grant, “Minimizing Global Catastrophic and Existential Risks from Emerging Technologies Through International Law”, November 21, 2012, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2179094, accessed 10/22/13, JF)

Simply defined, bioengineering ... an immediate GCR/ER.

Tournament: Plano West | Round: Semis | Opponent: Coppell GS | Judge:
turn -- transhumanism—genetically engineered humans ensure global war and genocide
Wilson, Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, ’12 (Grant, “Minimizing Global Catastrophic and Existential Risks from Emerging Technologies Through International Law”, November 21, 2012, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2179094, accessed 10/22/13, JF)

A final GCR/ER … present a GCR/ER.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lexington AX | Judge:
The Federative Republic of Brazil should substantially increase its infrastructure assistance toward Mexico.

Contention 1: Solvency
CP solves – Now key time for Brazilian engagement in Mexico – key to draw Mexico into Latin American sphere and increase south-south cooperation
Gratius and Saraiva, senior researcher at FRIDE Institute and Rio Branco chair in IR, 13
(Susanne and Miriam, Center for European Policy Studies, “Continental Regionalism: Brazil’s prominent role in the Americas”, Febuary 2013 http://aei.pitt.edu/40231/1/WD_No_374_Brazil's_Continental_Regionalism.pdf, IIN)

It is probably…and ‘soft- balancing’ strategies.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Coppell PS | Judge:
Capitalism solves war – states compete through markets not conquest
Gartzke, 2007
(Eric, associate professor of political science and a member of the Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies at Columbia University, “The Capitalist Peace”, American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 51, No. 1, January 2007, Pp. 166–191)

If war is  … the democratic peace.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Damien | Judge:
Foreign economic connections with mexico as an attempt to securitize our borders and maintain hegemony is a part of a long history of US coloniality
Grosfoguel 2k
(Ramon, Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies Department at UC Berkeley, “Developmentalism, Modernity, and Dependency Theory in Latin America” Nepantla: Views from South, Volume 1, Issue 2, pg 359-361) 

The modern idea … raising and meat exports.

Coloniality makes war and genocide inevitable
Mignolo 05
(Walter Mignolo, Professor of Romance Languages at Duke University, “The Idea of Latin America,” pg. 11)

The logic of coloniality … and produces coloniality.

Our alternative is to reject the affirmative – when confronted with colonial projects the only ethical response is radical negativity. We are compelled to delink from modernity.
Mignolo 09
Walter D. Mignolo, Epistemic Disobedience, Independent Thought and Decolonial Freedom, Theory and Culture 2009, published 2009

ONCE UPON a … the final judgment.1

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Edmond North CK | Judge:
Trying to better Latin America by forging economic connections is part of a long history of US imperialism – both protectionism and free trade are two sides of the same colonial way of thinking
Grosfoguel 2k
(Ramon, Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies Department at UC Berkeley, “Developmentalism, Modernity, and Dependency Theory in Latin America” Nepantla: Views from South, Volume 1, Issue 2, pg 359-361) 

The modern idea that … raising and meat exports.

Coloniality generates a permanent state of exception that is the root cause of the death ethics of war and underwrites a hellish existence where death, murder, war, rape, and racism are ordinary
Maldonado-Torres 08
(Nelson Maldonado-Torres, associate professor of comparative literature at Rutgers, 2008, “Against War: Views from the Underside of Modernity, p. 217-221)

Dussel, Quijano, and Wynter … a Manicheanism, as Fanon suggested." 

Our alternative is to reject the affirmative – when confronted with colonial projects the only ethical response is radical negativity. We are compelled to delink from modernity.
Mignolo 09
Walter D. Mignolo, Epistemic Disobedience, Independent Thought and Decolonial Freedom, Theory and Culture 2009, published 2009

ONCE UPON a time … for the final judgment.1

Hold the AFF directly responsible for the 1ACs locus of enunciation—their well-meaning gesture is vampiric upon the other, maintaining the structures of wretchedness that require ethnocidal violence
Maldonado-Torres ‘2
(Nelson, Associate Professor of Comparative Literature at Rutgers; “Postimperial Reflections on Crisis, Knowledge, and Utopia,” Review XXV, 3, p227-315) 

The European, however, is …temptation of innocence and violence (see Bruckner, 1995).

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: St Vincent De Paul | Judge:
Zizek's affinity to Marxism is epistemic racism – his writings ignore alternative epistemologies to his Marist-Christan diad
Maldonado-Torres, PhD in religious studies from Brown and professor of comp lit @ Rutgers, 2004
(Nelson, City, “The topology of being and the geopolitics of knowledge,” April 2004, google scholar, accessed 12/29/13 bh) 

Re-rooting communist ... expense of others.”72

Tournament: University of Texas | Round: 4 | Opponent:  | Judge:
The aff operates in a modernist logic of recognition that privileges “respect, freedom, and equality” and leaves untouched the basic structures of oppression—betterment of people’s lives within the colonial matrix of power is insufficient to solve
Maldonado-Torres 08
(Nelson Maldonado-Torres, associate professor of comparative literature at Rutgers, 2008, Against War: Views from the Underside of Modernity, p. 148-150)

It is not possible … lordship and bondage. 

Coloniality denies being to those subjugated, justifying the worst forms of dehumanization
Maldonado-Torres 07
(Nelson Maldonado-Torres, Professor of Comparative Literature Rutgers, 2007, “On the Coloniality of Being,” http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09502380601162548)

For Fanon, in … the trans-ontological.

Tournament: Montgomery Bell Academy | Round: 4 | Opponent: River Hill DD | Judge:
Text – United States federal government should lift all sanctions on Cuba.
Solvency – 

1. Forcing of democracy onto Cuba through a condition of trade subjugates the Cubans for having a non-democratic political system and props up coloniality
   Conway and Singh 11
   (Janet Conway, Department of Sociology at Brock University, and Jakeet Singh, Department of Political science at Uni Toronto, “Radical Democracy in Global Perspective: Notes from the Pluriverse,” Third World Quarterly, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 689-706, JD)

In the decade ... Third and Fourth Worlds.
2. Even if they win that micropolitical change is key, state reform is a prerequisite
Milbrath, 96 – Professor Emeritus of Political Science and Sociology at SUNY Buffalo
(Lester W., Building Sustainable Societies, Ed. Pirages, p. 289)

In some respects ... to be effective. 

3. Institutional change key – concrete legal and political conditions prerequisite to breaking down colonial structures
Santos 2004
Boaventura de Sousa, professor of sociology, scho of economics, university of Coimbra, distinguished legal scholar law school, university of Wisconsin-madison, “the world social forum: a user’s manual,  http://www.ces.uc.pt/bss/documentos/fsm_eng.pdf

On the contrary, ... through direct action.

Tournament: Colleyville | Round: 4 | Opponent: Cedar Ridge | Judge:
Dallas Jesuit offers the following counter-advocacy:
In the spirit of Assate Shakur, the United States federal government should take Assata Shakur off the FBI’s Most Wanted Listed. In the spirit of Assate Shakur,  the United States federal government should rescind all economic incentives offered to have her brought back to the United States. In the spirit of Assate Shakur, the President of the United States should pardon her for all crimes she has been charged with. We recognize the fact that accumulation and exchange of black flesh is central to any future engagement with Cuba. We affirm instead of reject the representation of Assata as terrorist to raise the stakes in the symbolic game. Assata’s affirmation of the reciprocal designation of terrorist acknowledges that black freedom and amerika are antagonistic to each other. Affirming the revolutionary ethics of Assata opens up space for a beloved community a revolutionary black feminist community that can combat the racist, sexist, capitalist nature of anti-black terror. To that end, we advocate that economic engagement between the United States and Cuba should be broken off.
-Our counter-advocacy is a better method in affirming the spirit of Assate Shakur since it makes specific demands on the United States on her behalf. We also better confront the system of accumulation and exchange of black flesh by rejecting economic engagement with Cuba.
-ASSATA SHAKUR VOTES FOR OUR COUNTER-ADVOCACY – SHE WANTS TO CHALLENGE THE “DOLLAROCRACY OF THE UNITED STATES THAT PROPS UP NEOLIBERALISM
Assata Shakur, 2000 (“Assata Shakur Speaks from Exile: Post-modern maroon in the ultimate palenque
An interview by Christian Parenti, October 24th 2000; http://www.assatashakur.org/maroon.htm)
Are you still a revolutionary?
I am still a ... be destroyed.

Tournament: Colleyville | Round: 4 | Opponent: Cedar Ridge | Judge:
Dallas Jesuit offers the following counter-advocacy:
In the spirit of Assate Shakur, the United States federal government should take Assata Shakur off the FBI’s Most Wanted Listed. In the spirit of Assate Shakur,  the United States federal government should rescind all economic incentives offered to have her brought back to the United States. In the spirit of Assate Shakur, the President of the United States should pardon her for all crimes she has been charged with. We recognize the fact that accumulation and exchange of black flesh is central to any future engagement with Cuba. We affirm instead of reject the representation of Assata as terrorist to raise the stakes in the symbolic game. Assata’s affirmation of the reciprocal designation of terrorist acknowledges that black freedom and amerika are antagonistic to each other. Affirming the revolutionary ethics of Assata opens up space for a beloved community a revolutionary black feminist community that can combat the racist, sexist, capitalist nature of anti-black terror. To that end, we advocate that economic engagement between the United States and Cuba should be broken off.
-Our counter-advocacy is a better method in affirming the spirit of Assate Shakur since it makes specific demands on the United States on her behalf. We also better confront the system of accumulation and exchange of black flesh by rejecting economic engagement with Cuba.
-ASSATA SHAKUR VOTES FOR OUR COUNTER-ADVOCACY – SHE WANTS TO CHALLENGE THE “DOLLAROCRACY OF THE UNITED STATES THAT PROPS UP NEOLIBERALISM
Assata Shakur, 2000 (“Assata Shakur Speaks from Exile: Post-modern maroon in the ultimate palenque
An interview by Christian Parenti, October 24th 2000; http://www.assatashakur.org/maroon.htm)
Are you still a revolutionary?
I am still a ... be destroyed.

Tournament: Colleyville | Round: 4 | Opponent: Cedar Ridge | Judge:
Text:  We ask the judge to join us in demanding that the National Debate Coaches Association, summer debate workshops run in summer 2014, and any other appropriate entities, sponsor and conduct truth and reconciliation commissions at tournaments and at summer workshops for the purpose of addressing sites of exclusion in the debate community and marginalization of individuals based on their identities.  The truth and reconciliation model utilized by the Republic of South Africa should serve as a model for the forums.  
Net benefit to our advocacy is the argument culture DA and retributive justice bad case turns
Solvency
TRC process and mandated report provides complex method for understanding the implications of exclusions analogous to apartheid in debate
ALLAIS, 2012
(LUCY. “Restorative Justice, Retributive Justice, and the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission” Philosophy and Public Affairs 39, no. 4 accessed tm 1/16)
The TRC was ... and the report.

Tournament: UNT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cassidy | Judge:
CP: The United States federal government should condition cuba from the removal of the terror list on the freedom of Alan Gross

Conditioning on freedom of Alan Gross key – avoids politics and appeasement
Associated Press 13
Paul Haven, Associated Press, March 23 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/23/cuba-terrorism_n_2939613.html, Accessed July 24, 2013, JD)

HAVANA -- A normally ... Alan Gross's situation."¶

Tournament: UNT | Round: Octas | Opponent: Coppell | Judge:
The Federative Republic of Brazil should invest in small modular nuclear reactors in Mexico.

Contention 1: Solvency
CP solves – Brazil is creating a platform in Latin America to insert itself into the global economy.  Plan offsets Brazilian soft power and hinders the possibility for multipolarity
Christensen, Associate Professor at Aalborg University, 13
(Steen Fryba “Brazil’s Foreign Policy Priorities”, Third World Quarterly, 34:2, 271-286, 4/23/13, taylor and francis, IIN)
¶ Brazil’s foreign policy …to the imf.

Contention 2: Competition

Avoids Links to Politics

Tournament: University of Texas | Round: 6 | Opponent: Hendrickson | Judge:
Text – The United States federal government should lift is economic sanction of Cuba except for its sanctions on tourism.
Observation One – solves for the entirety of the case by lifting all other portions of the embargo
Observation Two – avoids the links to the tourism and health care disads

Tournament: Colleyville | Round: 5 | Opponent: Coppell BJ | Judge:
Text:  The United States federal government should amend the Lanham Act to allow for deviation from the territoriality principle through the application of the well-known marks doctrine to relevant cases.  We’ll clarify.  
Lack of statutory clarity solves lower court confusion – and multiple interpretations of trademark law
Pava, J.D. Candidate, Emory University School of Law 2011 - – their author
(Mindy “COMMENT: THE CUBAN CONUNDRUM: PROPOSING AN INTERNATIONAL TRADEMARK REGISTRY FOR WELL-KNOWN FOREIGN MARKS” 25 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 631 accessed lexis tm 10-30)
Despite the holdings ... federal trademark law. n60

Lanham Act solves for harmonization by implementing the Paris Convention – as signatory to the Paris Convention, the US should recognize trademarks from countries even if no commerce occurs in the US from those countries
Pava, J.D. Candidate, Emory University School of Law 2011 – their author
(Mindy “COMMENT: THE CUBAN CONUNDRUM: PROPOSING AN INTERNATIONAL TRADEMARK REGISTRY FOR WELL-KNOWN FOREIGN MARKS” 25 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 631 accessed lexis tm 10-30)
The Paris Convention ... other member states. n71

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Edmond North CK | Judge:
Cuba’s coral reefs have escaped harm from tourism, but are fragile due to rising ocean temps- lifting the US embargo is the biggest threat to the reefs.
Dean ’07-
(Cornela- science editor and writer for the New York Times, “Conserving Cuba, After the Embargo,” New York Times, December 25 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/25/science/25cuba.html?pagewanted=all)//

Like corals elsewhere, … the U.S. embargo lifts.”

Lifting the embargo would double tourism in one year, crushing all previous attempts at conservation.
Dean ’07-
(Cornela- science editor and writer for the New York Times, “Conserving Cuba, After the Embargo,” New York Times, December 25 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/25/science/25cuba.html?pagewanted=all)//

In the late 1990s, … south for the winter.

Cuba’s coral reefs have escaped harm from tourism- lifting the US embargo is the biggest threat to the reefs
Dean 07
(Cornelia, New York Times, “Conserving Cuba, After the Embargo,” December 25, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/25/science/25cuba.html?pagewanted=all, accessed on 8/19/13, BT)

Like corals elsewhere…the U.S. embargo lifts.”

Cuba’s Garden of the Queen reef has, so far, avoided destruction and is a haven of biodiversity in the Caribbean.
Whittle, Rader, and Dixon 1-16
(Dan- senior attorney at Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) and director of its Cuba Program, Doug- PhD and EDF’s Chief Oceans Scientist, and Violet- Marketing Communications Associate for EDF’s Oceans program, “Protecting Cuba’s Abundant Coral Reefs,” Sailors For the Sea.ORG, January 16 2013, http://sailorsforthesea.org/sailing-and-the-environment/ocean-watch/ocean-watch-essays/protecting-cubas-abundant-coral-reefs-.aspx)//

Seeing under the sea¶ … the numbers dramatically.

Biodiversity loss caused by humans will bring our demise.
Chivan ’11 (Eric, director of the Project on Global Environmental Change and Health, and member of Physicians for Social Responsibility, “Species Extinction, Biodiversity Loss and Human Health,” in Environmental Health Hazards, from the Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, 2011, http://www.ilo.org/oshenc/part-vii/environmental-health-hazards/item/505-species-extinction-biodiversity-loss-and-human-health)//

Human activity is causing … that is the greatest destroyer.

Tournament: Newman Smith | Round: 1 | Opponent: Benton MiddleHigh School | Judge:
Turn - Recent Cuban reforms stabilize their economy. A quick transition would break Cuba and collapse its economy
Ted Piccone, 12 (Ted Piccone is a senior fellow and deputy director for Foreign Policy at Brookings. Piccone specializes in U.S.-Latin American relations; global democracy and human rights; and multilateral affairs. Piccone serves as an advisor to the Club of Madrid and has served on the National Security Council, at the State Department and Pentagon), Brookings, “Cuba Is Changing, Slowly but Surely,” January 19, 2012, http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2012/01/19-cuba-piccone

A closer look ... United States inevitable

U.S. engagement leads to investment in Cuba—that creates an unsustainable transition
Robert David Cruz 03 (current qualifications: PhD., Chief economist for Miami-Dade County) “Foreign Direct Investment in Post-Castro Cuba: Problems, Opportunities and Recommendations,” University of Miami, Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies, Pg. 20, http://ctp.iccas.miami.edu/Research_Studies/RDCruz.pdf

The appropriate U.S. ... across the island.

Caribbean instability causes bioterror and LNG explosion
Bryan 1 (Anthony T. Bryan, director of the North-South Center’s Caribbean Program, 10-21-2001. CFR, Terrorism, Porous Borders, and Homeland Security: The Case for U.S.-Caribbean Cooperation, p.
http://www.cfr.org/publication/4844/terrorism_porous_borders_and20_homeland_20security.html)

Terrorist acts ... weapons within national borders.

Bioweapons cause extinction
Anders Sandberg 8, is a James Martin Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University; Jason G. Matheny, PhD candidate in Health Policy and Management at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and special consultant to the Center for Biosecurity at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Milan M. ?irkovi?, senior research associate at the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade and assistant professor of physics at the University of Novi Sad in Serbia and Montenegro, 9/8/8, “How can we reduce the risk of human extinction?,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction

The risks from ... rivaling Moore's Law

LNG accidents cause extinction
Lovins 1 (Lovins and Lovins, “Brittle Power,” 2001 http://www.rmi.org/images/other/EnergySecurity/S82-03_BrPwrParts123.pdf)
LNG is less ... fifty-five Hiroshima bombs.

Tournament: Newman Smith | Round: 1 | Opponent: Benton MiddleHigh School | Judge:
Turn - Lifting travel restrictions would only empower the regime
Bustillo, former US Senate Page and Hispanic Heritage Foundation Gold Medallion winner, ‘13
(Mitchell, International Policy Digest, “Time to Strengthen the Cuban Embargo”, May 9, http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2013/05/09/time-to-strengthen-the-cuban-embargo/, accessed on 8/22/13, BT)

Washington's goal ... climate is within reach.

Tournament: UNT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cassidy | Judge:
No appeasement now – US hardlining Cuba
Haven 13
(Paul Haven, Associated Press, July 21 2013, http://www.timesherald.com/article/20130621/NEWS05/130629930/cuba-us-try-talking-but-face-many-obstacles#full_story, Accessed July 24, 2013, JD)

To be sure, … recent overtures “disturbing.”

Making concessions to Cuba sends signal of appeasement and emboldens Castro’s regime
Brookes 09
 (Peter Brookes, Senior Fellow, National Security Affairs, April 16, 2009, The Heritage Foundation, http://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2009/04/keep-the-embargo-o, Accessed July 25, 2013, JD)

Sure, it's fine … the embargo provides.

Appeasement and declining US credibility sparks arms races and global conlfict
Herniksen 99
(Thomas H. Henriksen, US Foreign Policy, The Hoover Institute, February 1 1999, http://www.hoover.org/publications/monographs/27159, Accessed July 26, 2013, JD)

Conclusion and Recommendations …  of our feebleness.

Tournament: UNT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Coppell | Judge:
Uniqueness -- NSA conflict boosts Brazilian regional dominance
Cala, award-winning journalist for CS Monitor, 10/2/13
(Andres, Consortium News, “Brazil’s Challenge to US Dominance,” 10/2/13, http://consortiumnews.com/2013/10/02/brazils-challenge-to-us-dominance/, accessed bh 10-22)

There were several … geopolitically and economically.

US Unilateral action of the plan undercuts the regional position of Brazil – direct tradeoff with position
Rothkopf, 2009
(David, “The Perils of Rivarly”, Center for American Progress, March, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/03/pdf/brazil.pdf, accessed on 7/10/13, BT)

One such subtext … assert the differences.

Brazil regional hegemony means expanded push for democratization
Stuenkel School of Social Science (CPDOC) of Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) in São Paulo,
Brazil - 2013
Oliver “Rising Powers and the Future of Democracy
Promotion: the case of Brazil and India”, Third World Quarterly, 34:2, 339-355
Taylor and Francis accessed tm 7/15

This brief analysis …foreign¶ policy goals.

Democratic decision-making is best for the environment, spreads risks proportionately and includes more voices into the equation
Akash Goreeba writing for E-International Relations, an online resource and news outlet for global affairs Environmental Democracy? Does Anyone Really Care? October 26, 2012
http://www.e-ir.info/2012/10/26/environmental-democracy-does-anyone-really-care/

It is not … part of modern life.

Tournament: Montgomery Bell Academy | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington AX | Judge:
Lack of US influence is key to China’s expansion in Mexico – plan reverses
Shaiken et al ‘13
Harley. Prof in the Center for Latin American Studies at UC-Berkeley. And Enrique Peters – Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Miami. And Adrian Hearn – Centro de Estudios China-Mexixo at Universidad NacionalAutonoma de Mexico. China and the New Triangular Relationships in the Americas: China and the Future of US-Mexico Relations, 2013.  Pg 88-9
The dominant strategies ... these two countries.

Chinese influence in Latin America key to check Taiwanese Independence – top priority
Arnson et al. writers for Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 9
Cynthia Anderson, Mark Mohr, Riordan Roett, “Enter the Dragon? China’s Presence in Latin America,” 2009,
http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/EnterDragonFinal.pdf PB

Latin America has been ... region far away

ROC Independence causes war – and the PRC will curb push for independence at any costs
CBS 09
CBS News, China: Taiwan Independence = War, 2/11/09, http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-202_162-587588.html

In unusually strong language, ... accept eventual unification.

Taiwan war goes nuclear – cross-apply their Lowther card

Tournament: University of Texas | Round: 6 | Opponent: Hendrickson | Judge:
The Cuban healthcare system is strong now – it’s better than the US and offers alternative models of medicine and research.  
Badore ’13 (Margaret, “What we can learn from Cuba's health care system,” Jun 27 2013,
http://www.mnn.com/health/fitness-well-being/stories/what-we-can-learn-from-cubas-health-care-system)
 The correlation between ... approaches to explore. 

Link: Lifting the embargo ruins Cuban health care and causes brain drain.
Garrett ‘10 (Laurie Garrett is a Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, “Will Lifting the Embargo Make Things Worse?”http:thecubaneconomy.com/articles/2013/02/castrocare-in-crisis-will-lifting-the-embargo-on-cuba-make-things-worse/)Nuck

Cuba is a ... two bad options.

A strong Cuban healthcare system key to disease preventing in developing countries.
Oxford Journal ‘6 (Oxford Journal, reputable medical journal, Health in Cuba, 8/13)Nuck
The poorer countries ... the Cuban experience.

Diseases risk extinction
Ryan 97 (Frank, fellow of The Royal College of Physicians, Virus X, p. 366, JT)
How might the human ... the human species?

Tournament: TFA State | Round: 1 | Opponent: Liberal Arts  Science DS | Judge:
Unique internal link—Obama’s political capital is preventing Iran Sanctions
The Times of Israel, February 28, 2014 (Rebecca Shimoni Stoil, staff, “Battle lines drawn in DC over Iran sanctions push”, http://www.timesofisrael.com/battle-lines-drawn-in-dc-over-iran-sanctions-push/#ixzz2v7j8Z6t2) 

Reid noted that … President Barack Obama.

Link - Removing cuba from terror list will drain obama’s political capital
Williams 13
(Carol J. Williams, LA Times, May 3 2013, http://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-cuba-us-terror-list-20130502,0,2494970.story, Accessed July 22, 2013, JD)

Politicians who have … policy battles elsewhere.”4 4
Obama must preserve the veto on Iran sanctions—even the perception that an override could succeed crushes the current Iran deal
AntiWar.com, February 25, 2014 (Jason Ditz, news editor, “Senate GOP Aims to Force Vote on Iran Sanctions Trying to Slip Sanctions Text into Veterans Benefits Bill”, http://news.antiwar.com/2014/02/25/senate-gop-aims-to-force-vote-on-iran-sanctions/)

Though most of … the deal.

Sanctions cause Middle East war
Thomas Buonomo, former U.S. Army Intelligence Officer and specialist in Middle East affairs, January 30, 2014 (“Americans Must Exercise Their Power to Check Congress on Iran Sanctions”,
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/thomas-j-buonomo/americans-must-exercise-t_b_4699196.html)

Iran in November … with her assessment.

The impact is extinction
Jorge Hirsch, professor of Physics at the University of California at San Diego, April 22, 2006, Center for Research on Globalilzation, accessed 4/25/06 http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=viewArticleandcode=HIR20060422andarticleId=2317

JH: Iran is …. all be gone before anybody has prevailed.

Tournament: Colleyville | Round: 4 | Opponent: Cedar Ridge | Judge:
We should be able to agree on something.  The aff’s attempts to claim that we should just clash on their issue rather than the resolution solidifies an “argument culture” that promotes dubious arguments such as Holocaust Denial and Climate Change Deniers – under the guise of debate.  
Tannen, Professor of Linguistics at Georgetown University, 1998
(Deborah, “The Argument Culture,” March 27, 1998, http://www.pbs.org/newshour/gergen/march98/tannen_3-27.html)
DEBORAH TANNEN, Author, "The Argument Culture:" It's our ... show the other side.
The impact – absence of language of commonality entrenches militarism and economic disparity. YOUNG PEOPLE AND EDUCATORS ARE CRITICAL TO THE BROADER SOCIAL MOVEMENT 

Giroux, December 2 2013
(Henry A. Giroux currently holds the Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department and a Distinguished Visiting Professorship at Ryerson University, “Hope in the Age of Looming Authoritarianism,” http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/20307-hope-in-the-age-of-looming-authoritarianism)
We live at a ... politics of possibility.

2.  College debate cautionary tale impact – we don’t have a card on this but you only have look to the college community, the death of college programs, the number of coaches and debaters quitting because they get called a racist whether they are or not, the NDT taking out liability insurance for the first time because they are afraid that fist fights will break out and they will be liable – this is the fate of a community that turns on itself without redressing the real problems in the community.  Whatever side of the college community you are on, the fact we think of it as sides in the community is a cautionary tale to high school.  Vote neg to ensure the vitality of a community that interrogates its sites of exclusion without imploding.

Tournament: University of Texas | Round: 6 | Opponent: Hendrickson | Judge:
Taking on the view of the other fails to overcome otherization—it causes adversarialism, blame and guilt
Chen, Department of Sociology – UC-Berkeley, 1997 Anthony S., 4 Asian L.J. 97, May 1997

With these schematic remarks about postmodernism and poststructuralism in place, we are now well-positioned to review and critique the epistemological  rationale for a Poststructuralist Asian American Legal Scholarship. Chang begins his argument by observing the status of narrative in contemporary critical race  theory. The "different voice" debate, n88 he observes, has created what can be seen as an "essentialist trap," forcing a categorical insistence on the  existence of an essential "voice of color" in order to provide strong grounds for accepting the transformative value of stories told by scholars of color.  Following Alex M. Johnson, n89 he rejects the trap and asserts that "it is time now for critical race theory to...move beyond the different voice debate, because  the use of narrative need not depend on a different voice thesis." n90 It can instead make use of an alternative epistemological strategy: an anti-foundational  poststructuralism. 

According to Chang, ... an objective reality. 

This leads to more otherization – turning the case

Bartlett, Professor of Law – Duke University, 1990 Katharine, 103 Harv. L. Rev. 829, Feb

A final difficulty ... subordination and oppression.

Tournament: Plano West | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Coppell | Judge:
Cede Political DA - Withdrawal from politics leads to extinction
Boggs, 2000
(Carl, professor of Social Sciences and Film Studies at National University, Los Angeles, The End of Politics, p. 244-245)

The disintegration of … of human societies.

Tournament: Plano West | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Coppell | Judge:
Limits – not defending economic engagement allows for any affirmative or advocacy statement – makes being negative impossible – limits key to clash and neg prep. The negative overwhelms research burden and undermine preparedness – limits key to effective decision making
Steinberg and Freeley 8 *Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp45-

Debate is a means … the following discussion.

Tournament: Plano West | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Coppell | Judge:
State DA - Even if they win that micropolitical change is key, state reform is a prerequisite
Milbrath, 96 – Professor Emeritus of Political Science and Sociology at SUNY Buffalo
(Lester W., Building Sustainable Societies, Ed. Pirages, p. 289)

In some respects …to be effective.

Tournament: Plano West | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Coppell | Judge:
Switch-side is key---Effective deliberation is only possible in a switch-side debate – forces critical thinking and better advocacy of one’s positions
Keller et al 1 – Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago (Thomas E., James K., and Tracly K., Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago, professor of Social Work, and doctoral student School of Social Work, “Student debates in policy courses: promoting policy practice skills and knowledge through active learning,” Journal of Social Work Education, Spr/Summer 2001, EBSCOhost)

SOCIAL WORKERS HAVE … pertaining to the issue.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lexington AX | Judge:
AG turn
Trade liberalization creates imbalances in agriculture – subsidies and corporate exploitation
Moon 2011 (Wanki Moon Department of Agribusiness Economics, Southern Illinois University, Ecological Economics: Volume 71, 15 November 2011, Pages 13–24, “Is agriculture compatible with free trade?”)

Summary, Discussion, and Conclusion … toward free trade.

Impact -- Most likely scenario for war
Future Directions International ’12 (“International Conflict Triggers and Potential Conflict Points Resulting from Food and Water Insecurity Global Food and Water Crises Research Programme”, May 25, http://www.futuredirections.org.au/files/Workshop_Report_-_Intl_Conflict_Triggers_-_May_25.pdf, CMR)

There is a growing … even nuclear war.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Cypress Bay | Judge:
Free Trade causes flooding of food destroying systems of culture- Africa proves
Science News, 2010
(“Free Trade, Loss of Support Systems Crippling Food Production in Africa”, Science News, February 16, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/02/100215174136.htm, accessed on 7/9/13, BT)

Despite good intentions ... them to local markets

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lexington AX | Judge:
Turn - Diseases
Disease spreads more easily through free trade
David A. Relma et al. Professor, Medicine - Infectious Diseases @ Stanford University, Rapporteurs; Forum on Microbial Threats; Institute of Medicine¶ Infectious Disease Movement in a Borderless World:¶ Workshop Summary (2010)¶ http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12758

Modern transportation allows … summarizes the workshop.

Emerging diseases cause extinction
Zimmerman and Zimmerman 1996 (Barry and David, both have M.S. degrees from Long Island University, Killer Germs, p 132) EDITED FOR GENDERED LANGUAGE 

Then came AIDS… is the virus”  (A Dancing Matrix, by Robin Marantz Hening.

Tournament: Newman Smith | Round: 4 | Opponent: St Marks | Judge:
Free trade causes exploitation
PLP 12 (Progressive Labor Party, “‘Free Trade’ Masks Intensifying Exploitation,” Progressive Labor Party, 10/3/2012, http://www.plp.org/challenge/2012/10/3/free-trade-masks-intensifying-exploitation.html, 7/9/2013, SLiu)

The term "free ... imperialism. Join us.

Tournament: Plano West | Round: Semis | Opponent: Coppell GS | Judge:
Natural resource conflict is probable because of disparities created by Free Trade
Burger 2011 (Andrew Burger reports on news and events at the nexus of environment, technology, political economy and society. July 15, 2011, “Resource Conflict on the Rise: Free Trade Agreements Up for Vote” http://www.triplepundit.com/2011/07/free-trade-agreements-resource-conflic/)

Conflicts between private ... recipe for disaster.

Impact -- Most likely scenario for war
Future Directions International ’12 (“International Conflict Triggers and Potential Conflict Points Resulting from Food and Water Insecurity Global Food and Water Crises Research Programme”, May 25, http://www.futuredirections.org.au/files/Workshop_Report_-_Intl_Conflict_Triggers_-_May_25.pdf, CMR)

There is a ... even nuclear war.

Tournament: Plano West | Round: Semis | Opponent: Coppell GS | Judge:
WTO a breeding ground for conflict
Chase 2012
(Claude, an attorney specialising in international trade and investment law and recently served an internship at the WTO, “NORM CONFLICT BETWEEN WTO COVERED AGREEMENTS—REAL, APPARENT OR AVOIDED,” International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 11-27-12, EBSCOhost, 7-6-13)KC
The basic structure … considered in conjunction ’ .

Tournament: Plano West | Round: Semis | Opponent: Coppell GS | Judge:
WTO policies cause poverty.
LRAN (Land Research Action Network). "How the World Trade Organisation is driving farmers into poverty." 1 July 2007. http://www.landaction.org/spip/spip.php?article261
Discredited "trade liberalization” … had increased productivity).

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lexington AX | Judge:
Turn - Free trade causes war
Davis 13 (Monica, “Will US And Germany Go To War Over Free Trade Spying?,” Before It’s News, 7/6/2013, http://beforeitsnews.com/economics-and-politics/2013/07/will-us-and-germany-go-to-war-over-free-trade-spying-2454550.html, 7/9/2013, SLiu)

The US has …is virtually unlimited.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Cypress Bay | Judge:
Turn: GMOs independently risk extinction and destroy small farms
Yaffe, 1L at King Hall, ’91 (Joseph, “Agricultural Biotechnology: Implications For the Environment And The Family Farmer”, 1991, http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/15/2/articles/yaffe.pdf, accessed 7/27/13, JF)

But for every ... may peacefully coexist.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Cypress Bay | Judge:
Turn: IPR Enforcement efforts increase GMO self-policing
Kerle, Columbia Science and Technology Law Review, ’07 (Clemens, “International IP Protection For GMO – a Biotech Odyssey”, 2007, http://www.stlr.org/html/volume8/kerle.pdf, accessed 7/24/13, JF)

The analysis so far ... means could ever do.

Self-policing risk instability and starvation globally
Stein, 05 (Haley, “Intellectual Property and Genetically Modified Seeds: The United States, Trade, and the Developing World”, Spring 2005, Vol. 3, No. 2, http://www.learningace.com/doc/627723/51f537daf52a9059314a672c3936da0b/stein, accessed 7/24/13, JF)

One of the major ... depend on seed saving.

Tournament: Montgomery Bell Academy | Round: 4 | Opponent: River Hill DD | Judge:
Focusing on critique in round alone not enough---must combine the deconstruction with policy action.  Provides perm solvency to use the plan to deconstruct and do the plan and the alt together
Mootz, professor of  law Western New England College School of Law, 1998
(Francis, BOOK REVIEW: Between Truth and Provocation: Reclaiming Reason in American Legal Scholarship
Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities Summer, 1998 lexis accessed 4/8 tm)
I will offer only ... endless deconstruction. n111

Tournament: Montgomery Bell Academy | Round: 4 | Opponent: River Hill DD | Judge:
Action outside of the structures of government cause transition wars – Alternative societal structures like anarchy, localism, spirituality, and eco-centrism will get squashed and worsen current destruction
Taylor 2k – Professor of Social Ethics
Bron, Professor of Religion and Social Ethics, Director of Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, BENENEATH THE SURFACE: CRITICAL ESSAYS IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF DEEP ECOLOGY, P. 282-284
A more trenchant ... overwhelmed and futile.

Tournament: Plano West | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Coppell | Judge:
4.  Turn—Anthropocentrism

Giroux’s critical subject is anthropocentric—he places man on an artifical mantle of superiority justifying violence against animals

Bowers, teaches education and social thought at the University of Oregon, Feb 2002
C A, Toward an Eco-Justice Pedagogy, http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enandlr=andsafe =offandq=cache:rFigy8OJle0J:web.pdx.edu/pdx01401/anecojusticepedagogy2003.pdf+Nietzsche+AND+Giroux, 10/4/06, Stevens

A second root … of the problem.

Must reject or risk mass violence

Best, Associate Professor of Humanities and Philosophy at the University of Texas, El Paso, No Date Given
Steven, Animal Rights and the New Enlightenment, http://www.animalliberationfront.com/Philosophy/ARNewEnlightenment.htm

But to whatever … that respects all life.

Tournament: Plano West | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Coppell | Judge:
5. Turn—Traditional Cultures

Critical pedagogies rejection of traditional authority destroys voices of indigenous cultures who don’t want to commit to this change, propping up elitist controls

Bowers, teaches education and social thought at the University of Oregon, Feb 2002
C A, Toward an Eco-Justice Pedagogy, http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enandlr=andsafe =offandq=cache:rFigy8OJle0J:web.pdx.edu/pdx01401/anecojusticepedagogy2003.pdf+Nietzsche+AND+Giroux, 10/4/06, Stevens

The root metaphors …American political system.

Tournament: Plano West | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Coppell | Judge:
Turn—civic engagement destroys anti-globalization movements

Bhagwati, University Professor at Columbia University and Senior Fellow at the
Council on Foreign Relations, 2007

My 2004 book … rhetoric and  advocacy.

Tournament: Plano West | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Coppell | Judge:
Turn—the plan is hijacked by the conservatives—giroux’s ideals of democracy, justice and the public sphere are just what Bushie’s use to control the world

Jonathan Vincent, PhD candidate in American studies at the University of Illinois, “A Call to Arms in a Repressive Atmosphere of Educational Acquiescence” Pedagogy 6.1 2006

The most cursory … of the state.

Tournament: Plano West | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Coppell | Judge:
Their totalizing view of globalization dooms them to failure—prefer factual analysis, before hyperbolic theory

Bates ‘99
 (Jenny, international economist at the Progressive Policy Institute, “Preparing for the Battle in Seattle, http://www.dlc.org/ndol_ci.cfm?kaid=108andsubid=128andcontentid=771)
Yet the approach … model to an ideology

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Coppell PS | Judge:
US hegemony necessary for peace – US withdrawal results in Asian proliferation, conflict with China, Middle east instability and even European collapse.  
Brooks, associate professor of Government, Dartmouth College, Ikenberry, Professor of Politics and International Affairs, Princeton University, and. Wohlforth, Professor of Government, Dartmouth College, 2013
(Stephen G, G. John William C “Lean Forward: In Defense of American Engagement.” Foreign Affairs, January 2013, http://mcfr.wildapricot.org/Resources/Documents/2013-05-2020Brooks20Ikenberry20FA20Stay20Engaged201301.pdf)
KEEPING THE PEACE … outside rising powers.

Sustained unipolar hegemony prevents multiple scenarios for nuclear conflict.
Kagan, senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, senior transatlantic fellow at the German Marshall Fund, 2007 Robert “End of Dreams, Return of History”, Hoover Institution - Stanford U, in Policy Review, No 144, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/8552512.html#n10 SM

Finally, there is …  an easier path.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lexington AX | Judge:
turn - China WAR
a. Upholding primacy makes US-Sino conflict inevitable
Layne, 2007 (Christopher, Associate Professor in the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas AandM University and Research Fellow with the Center on Peace and Liberty at The Independent Institute, “The Case Against the American Empire," American Empire: A Debate, p. 64-65)

To be sure, … is virtually certain.

Tournament: Plano West | Round: 5 | Opponent: Colleyville | Judge:
U.S. hegemony encourages Russian aggression and expansion
Voskopoulos, Assistant Professor George Voskopoulos, Ph.D., Department of International and
European Studies, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece, 2008,
(George, “ Russia, the USA and the Emergence of a Multipolar International System,” http://conf.ru.acad.bg/bg/docs/cp/6.2/6.2-3.pdf) SM
The last two ... aligned against it”. 

And, Russia-US conflict through arms race guarantees nuclear Armageddon
Nick Bostrom, Professor of Philosophy at Yale, 2002 “Existential Risks: Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related Hazards,” 2002, www.transhumanist.com/volume9/risks.html) SM
A much greater ... humankind’s potential permanently.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lexington AX | Judge:
Turn – Heg causes Terrorism
a. Increased hegemony guarantees future terrorist attacks
 Lindsay and Daalder, senior fellows Brookings Institution, Winter 2013
(James M and Ivo H  “The Globalization of Politics: American Foreign Policy for a New Century”
Brookings Review Winter 2003 http://www.cfr.org/world/globalization-politics-american-foreign-policy-new-century/p6330 accessed tm 9/9)

Worse, for the…risk to the United States.

B And, nuclear terrorism leads to extinction
Sid-Ahmed, 2004 (Mohamed, political analyst, August 26 – September 1, Al-Ahram Weekly On-Line, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm)

As it turned out, … all be losers.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Damien | Judge:
Hegemonic collapse is inevitable – the only question is how it happens – the aff’s orientation to decline will result in aggressive lash-out that culminates in extinction
Meszaros, 2008
(Istvan, professor emeritus @ University of Sussex, The Challenge and Burden of Historical Time) 

Thus, we face ... relation of forces.

Tournament: Newman Smith | Round: 4 | Opponent: St Marks | Judge:
Turn — EU-US relations

Plans mechanism for the distribution of Biotech kills EU-US relations
LiLan Ren, Student Note, 2005, Vol 41:5, Houston Law Review, ln

Additionally, the EU ... the government's use.

The Impact is WMD conflict
Daniel Hamilton, Director of the Center for Transatlantic Relations @ Johns Hopkins University, 6/11/2003 (FDCH Congressional Testimony) p. lexis

If our efforts ... pursue it together.

Tournament: Newman Smith | Round: 4 | Opponent: St Marks | Judge:
Compulsory licensing undermines incentives to invest in R and D turning case
Grace K. Avedissian, Student Note, 2002, American University International Law Review, in

Many developed countries ... global health care.

Tournament: UNT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Coppell | Judge:
This leads to problems for the Mexican Economy
Diederich 2012
(Phillippe, Diederich is a freelance writer, photographer and educator. His work has appeared in the NYT, Time magazine, US News, and he has won numerous awards for his photography and writing. Born in the Dominican Republic and raised in Mexico City and Miami. “Do not be fooled by the ‘Maquiladora Economy’” July 17, 2012 http://www.voxxi.com/do-not-be-fooled-by-maquiladora-economy/#ixzz2UeLxV0Wh, accessed 8/22/13, TMcRae)

Maquiladora is a … is getting wider.

There is a deep structural problem that the plan cannot solve, this proves that there is no solvency
Gonzalez 2013
(Aleyda, González – Op-ed Entre Noticias Site is run by multi-awarded Mexican journalist Rubén Luengas website (www.rubenluengas.com), about News / Public Affairs from California, México and the World. 3/12/13 The “unjustified optimism over Mexico's economy”, http://rubenluengas.com/index.php/english-posts/item/97-the-unjustified-optimism-over-mexicos-economy, accessed 8/18/13, TMcRae)

Apart from the … the medium terms"

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Coppell PS | Judge:
Methodologies are always imperfect – endorsing multiple epistemological frameworks can correct the blindspots of each
Stern and Druckman 2k (Paul, National Research Council and Daniel, Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution – George Mason University, International Studies Review, Spring, p. 62-63)
Using several distinct … method, or data source. 

Turn - Methods shouldn’t come first – they are a means to an end. Treating method as an exclusive endpoint legitimizes the very thing they are critiquing
Fearon and Wendt, Professor of Poli Sci at Stanford and Professor of IR at Ohio State,2002
(James and Alexander, Handbook of International Relations, ed. Carlsnaes, p.68)

It should be … on all three levels.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 5 | Opponent: Clear Lake KG | Judge:
Energy reform will pass
Kerner and Hernandez, Latin America analyst and associate at Eurasia Group, 13
( Daniel, Maria Jose, Mexico Moves Toward a Major Energy Reform , August 21, Foreign Policy, http://eurasia.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/08/21/mexico_moves_toward_a_major_energy_reform, Accessed: 8/26/13)
President Enrique Peña Nieto …under state control. 

Plan unpopular—Mexico constrained by the US policies
Starr , Director, U.S.-Mexico Network, Associate Professor (NTT), University Fellow12 (Pamela K. Starr, Center on Public Diplomacy at the University of Southern California, “U.S.-Mexico Relations and Mexican Domestic Politics,” October 2012, https://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=3andcad=rjaandved=0CD4QFjACandurl=http 3A2F2Fcollege.usc.edu2Fusmexnet2Fwp-content2Fuploads2F20102F102FCamp-Oxford-paper-final.docandei=mTLYUZTDMbOLyQGT14GwCQandusg=AFQjCNH_cqiYTQRo7SFmpfWugH9ABshhCgandsig2=_M2KmLNnt3e8v4vVshc_fQMRG) 

The nature, depth, …Congress has interests. 

Nieto capital key to push energy reform
Clines expert on National Politics 13 (Francis x. Clines, , Congress strategy and Campaign Finance at the New York Times, “Mexico’s Ambitious Economic Agenda ,” March 31, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/01/opinion/mexicos-ambitious-economic-agenda.html//MRG)
Mexico’s new president…into national policy. 

Energy reform key to Mexico competitiveness and economy – turns back both their advantages
MBW 13 (Mexico Business Web, “Competitiveness tied to Energy Reform,” July 10, 2013, http://www.mexicanbusinessweb.mx/eng/2013/competitiveness-tied-to-energy-reform//MRG) 

Competitiveness tied to …world energy order.

Tournament: Montgomery Bell Academy | Round: 4 | Opponent: River Hill DD | Judge:
The use of the language of the center, in this case debate, ensures the hierarchy they are trying to deconstruct.  This creates a double bind---either the use of the dominant form to change it reinscribes oppression OR we can both work within the system and our advocacy can win
Levinson, Department of Comparative Literature State University of New York2001
 (brett “FEELING, THE SUBALTERN, AND THE ORGANIC INTELLECTUAL” ANGELAKI journal of the theoretical humani ties volume 6 number 1 april 2001 access 4/7 tm)

Yet, once more, ... had begun to overcome.

Tournament: Montgomery Bell Academy | Round: 4 | Opponent: River Hill DD | Judge:
Turn—fill in for state worse for subaltern groups history proves the utopian
Ferguson and Gupta, 2002
(James and Akhil, “spatializing states: toward an ethnography of neoliberal governmentality” American Ethnologist 29(4):981 -10 accessed tm 4/7 ebsco tm)

We do not ... our empirical investigations.

Tournament: University of Texas | Round: 6 | Opponent: Hendrickson | Judge:
Turn – their in-round use of the other in an academic setting is uniquely bad – and advances coloniality The affirmative functions as both peddler and accumulator of suffering – the impossibility of the Other’s political agency is the starting point of their project as their suffering is an essential tool for their endless theorization – they present the Other’s suffering merely as a token for a +1 on their win/loss record – reject this methodology
Nayar 13 (Jayan Nayar, PhD from the University of Cambridge, Department of Law at the University of Warwick, February 2013, “The Politics of Hope and the Other-in-The-World: Thinking Exteriority,” Law and Critique Volume 24 Issue 1, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2001975) gz
Suffering, as a ... in this respect.

Tournament: St Marks School of Texas | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cedar Ridge | Judge:
Focus on identity fractures movement ensuring dominance of capital
moufawad-paul PhD in Philosophy,12,
(Josh, Dec 18, 2012, M-L-M Mayhem!: Marxist-Leninist-Maoist reflections “Because and Despite of Identity Politics” http://moufawad-paul.blogspot.com/2012/12/because-and-despite-of-identity-politics.html, Accessed 7/4/13, JB).

Because of… from postmodernism.

Multiple configurations of imperialism justified in name of capitalism and neoliberalism – US interventions grounded in spread of capital
Nelson, PhD in the Department of PolSci @ Carleton University, 12
Matthew, 2012, “Book Review: The Politics of Genocide,” http://www.alternateroutes.ca/index.php/ar/article/viewFile/15879/15778, p. 300-303, accessed 7/8/13, YGS

While genocide commonly … “supreme international crime” (21).

Refusing to participate in capitalism is the first step toward hollowing out the system and replacing it with an alternative
Herod 4 (James, renowned philosopher, author, and social activist, “Getting Free”, http://site.www.umb.edu/faculty/salzman_g/Strate/GetFre/06.htm)
It is time … something else.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lexington AX | Judge:
Link -- Renewable assistance to Mexico pads corporate coffers, while robbing the inhabitants of their land
Pasqualetti 11 (Martin J. Pasqualetti, Senior Sustainability Scientist, Global Institute of Sustainabillity, 5/25/2011, “Social Barriers to Renewable Energy Landscapes”, Wiley Online Library | JJ)
*Oaxaca – wa-ha-kah

The ultimate scale of … people and heaven itself” (Giordano 2006).

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Edmond North CK | Judge:
Neolib Turn
Unique link - Lift of the embargo means immediate integration into global neoliberal markets – proves the permutation can’t work and increases risk of food insecurity in Cuba
Gonzalez, Teaches environmental law fundamental, international environmental law, and international trade law at the University of Seattle ‘04
(Carmen, , “Trade Liberalization, Food Security, and the Environment: The Neoliberal Threat to Sustainable Rural Development” Transnational Law Journal and Contemporary Problems Fall 2004  Academic One File accessed tm 9/9)
Cuba is symbolically … sustainable rural development.

Capitalism’s exploitation of the environment, just like the working class, leads to humanity destruction
International Perspective 2009
(Internationalist Perspective “Capitalism, Technology and the Environment” http://internationalist-perspective.org/IP/ip-archive/ip_50_environment.html NMS)

Fundamental to my whole …modified ‘natural’ environment.

Multiple configurations of imperialism justified in name of capitalism and neoliberalism – US interventions grounded in spread of capital
Nelson, PhD in the Department of PolSci @ Carleton University, 12
Matthew, 2012, “Book Review: The Politics of Genocide,” http://www.alternateroutes.ca/index.php/ar/article/viewFile/15879/15778, p. 300-303, accessed 7/8/13, YGS

While genocide commonly refers …be the “supreme international crime” (21).

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Damien | Judge:
Economic engagement will be used by Mexico to further their neoliberal agenda
Muñoz-Martínez, Professor of Political Science at University of New Brunswick, 2009
(Hepzibah, December 15th, 2009. “Crisis, Populist Neoliberalism, and the Limits to Democracy in Mexico” Global Research http://www.globalresearch.ca/crisis-populist-neoliberalism-and-the-limits-to-democracy-in-mexico/16563 accssed TM 9/9)
Forbes magazine recently … the global crisis.

Without rejection of neoliberalism, civilizational collapse encompassing humanity with complete ecological destruction inevitable  – Latin American resistance key
Robinson, Professor of Sociology at the University of Santa Barbara, 2008
(William I, Latin America and Global Capitalism: A Critical Globalization Perspective, p. pgs358-9)
Will there be …. is to come.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 5 | Opponent: Clear Lake KG | Judge:
Economic engagement will be used by Mexico to further their neoliberal agenda
Muñoz-Martínez, Professor of Political Science at University of New Brunswick, 2009
(Hepzibah, December 15th, 2009. “Crisis, Populist Neoliberalism, and the Limits to Democracy in Me ico” Global Research http://www.globalresearch.ca/crisis-populist-neoliberalism-and-the-limits-to-democracy-in-mexico/16563 accssed TM 9/9) 

Forbes magazine recently…of the global crisis. 

Without rejection of neoliberalism, civilizational collapse encompassing humanity with complete ecological destruction inevitable – Latin American resistance key
Robinson, Professor of Sociology at the University of Santa Barbara, 2008
(William I, Latin America and Global Capitalism: A Critical Globalization Perspective, p. pgs358-9) 

Will there be a …in what is to come.

Tournament: University of Texas | Round: 4 | Opponent:  | Judge:
NSA spying proves the impact is inevitable – even if public resists, current backlash against NSA proves public opinion odesnt change US policies
The state both makes capital a coherent mode of social interaction as well as constitutes the framework for global incorporation of capitalism
Meszaros 95 (Istavan, Prof. Emeritus @ U of Sussex, Beyond Capital: Towards a Theory of Transition, p 65)
The modern state … of the state.

Neoliberalism create violent bipolitical ordering of life – justifying extermination of those on the margins
Di Leo and McClennen 2012
(Jeffrey R., Dean of the School of Arts and Sciences and Professor of English and Philosophy at the University of Houston–Victoria; Sophia A. professor of international affairs and  directs Penn State's Center for Global Studies as well as its Latin American Studies program; Postscript on Violence symploke, Volume 20, Numbers 1-2, 2012, pp. 241-250 (Article))

As Giroux has explained, … than a security¶ threat (143).

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Damien | Judge:
Turns Case - Neoliberalism generates inevitable drive for hegemonic expansion, interventions and war
Packer 03- hold primary leadership roles at the International Socialist Group and the Fourth International (Dave, “Theory and history¶ Capitalism means War”, The International Socialist Group 2003, http://www.isg-fi.org.uk/spip.php?article10, MB)
¶ The twentieth century … crushing US resistance.’ (2)

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Little Rock Central BZ | Judge:
Guestworker programs structurally ensure worker exploitation – they prevent collective labor negotiation by creating a reserve army of employees
Choudry 8
Aziz Choudry, GATT watchdog and bilateral.org, 2008, IBON International, ““Free trade”, neoliberal immigration and the globalization of guestworker programs,” http://iboninternational.org/resources/pages/EDM/69/200 

The International Confederation …agriculture, for example. 

Impact – continued spread of neoliberalism leads to planetary collapse
Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, 2010
(Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED 

It is fitting to begin … we walk the earth. 

Rejection of neoliberalism necessary to lay bare the apocalyptic consequences of continuing the system – your cap good authors tell untruths only the alt exposes
Werlhof 8
(Claudia von Werlhof. Werlhof is a professor at the Institute of Political Sciences at the University of Innsbruck. “The Globalization of Neoliberalism, its Consequences and Some of its Basic Alternatives.” 27 August 2008. Capitalism Nature Socialism. BA) 

Still, euphoria would …has already suffered.

Tournament: UNT | Round: Octas | Opponent: Coppell | Judge:
Turn—Nuclear is worse for stable power production—must be shut down immediately and it’s hard to restart
Amory B. Lovins, Imran Sheikh, and Alex Markevich, Mr. Lovins, a physicist, is cofounder, Chairman, and Chief Scientist of Rocky Mountain Institute, where Mr. Sheikh is a Research Analyst and Dr. Markevich is a Vice President. Mr. Lovins has consulted for scores of electric utilities, many of them nuclear operators, April 28, 2008, www.rmi.org/sitepages/pid467.php

All sources of … blackouts will become.

Tournament: Plano West | Round: 3 | Opponent: Hebron | Judge:
It’s impossible to determine an answer to being –-- ontological questioning results in an infinite regress and total political paralysis
Levinas and Nemo ’85  (Emmanuel, Professor of Philosophy, and Philippe, Professor of New Philosophy, Ethics and Infinity, p. 6-7)
Are we not ... being and essence.

Tournament: St Marks School of Texas | Round: 4 | Opponent: Coppell GS | Judge:
Will pass – bipart support key
Dallas Morning News 9/26/13
http://trailblazersblog.dallasnews.com/2013/09/democrats-pressure-house-republicans-on-immigration-reform-after-gang-of-seven.html/
WASHINGTON–A week after the House  “gang of seven” immigration working group split with the departures of Reps Sam Johnson … a devastating effect.”
Changing Cuban policies is unpopular with Republicans and Democrats
Larison 4/3/13 (Daniel, senior editor at TAC, “Foreign Policy Opportunities for the GOP”, The American Conservative, http://www.theamericanconservative.com/larison/foreign-policy-opportunities-for-the-gop/, 8/23/13, PB)

This is a … view these things
Immigration reform key to prevent economic collapse
Milller 2/7 – former two-term elected Kentucky State Treasurer, Miller held several other senior positions in state and federal government, including serving in Kentucky Governor Steve Beshear’s Cabinet as Secretary of Finance and Administration, as Deputy Chief of Staff of the U.S. Department of Energy, and as Legislative Director for Congressman Jim Cooper  (Jonathon, “Why Our Economy Demands Immigration Reform”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathanmiller/immigration-reform-economy_b_2639092.html, CMR)

When it comes … all of our country.
US economic collapse causes war and triggers every impact
O’Hanlon 12 — Kenneth G. Lieberthal, Director of the John L. Thornton China Center and Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy and Global Economy and Development at the Brookings Institution, former Professor at the University of Michigan, served as special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Asia on the National Security Council, holds a Ph.D. from Columbia University, and Michael E. O'Hanlon, Director of Research and Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institution, Visiting Lecturer at Princeton University, Adjunct Professor at Johns Hopkins University, holds a Ph.D. from Princeton University, 2012 (“The Real National Security Threat: America's Debt,” Los Angeles Times, July 10th, Available Online at http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2012/07/10-economy-foreign-policy-lieberthal-ohanlon, Accessed 07-12-2012)

Lastly, American economic … is not reestablished.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Coppell PS | Judge:
Focus on embracing marginalized voices ignores the structural components of oppression – turns their advocacy and proves their advocacy can’t solve
Taft-Kaufman ’95
Jill Taft-Kaufman, Speech prof @ CMU, 1995, Southern Comm. Journal, Spring, v. 60, Iss. 3, “Other Ways”, p pq 

The postmodern passwords … that fuel them

Tournament: Montgomery Bell Academy | Round: 4 | Opponent: River Hill DD | Judge:
Their focus on marginalized voice replicates the problem – and they can’t win their voice is uniquely good just because its outside of the so-called norm
Gur-ze-ev, 98 - Senior Lecturer Philosophy of Education at Haifa, (Ilan, “Toward a nonrepressive critical pedagogy,” Educational Theory, Fall 48, http://haifa.academia.edu/IlanGurZeev/Papers/117665/Toward_a_Nonreperssive_Critical_Pedagogy)

From this perspective, ... self-evidence of other groups.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: Octas | Opponent: St Marks JM | Judge:
Proliferation solves war –states are rational and MAD checks
Tepperman ‘9 (Jonathan, Deputy Managing Editor of Foreign Affairs, Assistant Managing Editor at Newsweek, “Why Obama should learn to love the bomb,” September 7, http://jonathantepperman.com/Welcome_files/nukes_Final.pdf) 

The argument that …they had to do to avoid it. 

Iran prolif key to regional stabiltiy – Israel and Iran would communicate and make peace
Sadr, ’05 Graduate student in the department of government and politicsl at the University of Maryland, 2005
(Ehsaneh I., “The Impact of Iran’s Nuclearization on Israel,” Middle East Policy, Summer) 

The impact of Iran’s … Israel into its neighborhood.

Tournament: St Marks School of Texas | Round: 4 | Opponent: Coppell GS | Judge:
The Secretary of Treasury should reduce restrictions on the registration or renewal of trademarks or trade names in connection with a business confiscated by the government of Cuba.
Propst 2011
Stephen, Hogan Lovells US LLP, “Presidential Authority To Modify Economic Sanctions
Against Cuba”, http://www.hoganlovells.com/files/Publication/57d34e80-51b8-4ee0-ae64-750f65ee7642/Preview/PublicationAttachment/55896b90-840a-42bf-8744-752a7a206333/Cuba20Aritcle20FINAL.pdf
The provisions of … architects and consultants.

Tournament: UNT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cassidy | Judge:
Security is not about mere survival – rather, some degree of relative security is a prerequisite to human becoming and emancipation.
Booth 5 Ken, visiting researcher - US Naval War College, Critical Security Studies and World Politics, p. 22
The best starting … the merely biological.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Little Rock Central BZ | Judge:
The affirmative’s construction of Chinese threats justifies exceptional responses
Lim, 2011
(Kean, Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, “What You See Is (Not) What You Get? The Taiwan Question, Geo-economic Realities, and the “China Threat” Imaginary,” Antipode, forthcoming, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2011.00943.x/abstract) 

Even though the US ….former’s so-called “threat” (cf Al-Rodhan 2007).4

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Edmond North CK | Judge:
Representations of disease are colonialist and play upon fear of Otherness to justify exclusion and violence
Schell 97 Heather, PhD in Modern Thought at Stanford, “Outburst! A Chilling True Story About Emerging Virus-Narratives and Pandemic Social Change”, Configurations 5(1)

The United States has …  as politically untenable.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 5 | Opponent: Clear Lake KG | Judge:
Rhetoric of an economic collapse fosters a self fulfilling prophecy – only the alt solves.
Mckendrick 12 Joe Mckendrick, An independent analyst who tracks the impact of information technology on management and markets. He is the author of the SOA Manifesto and has written for Forbes, ZDNet and Database Trends and Applications. 9/18/12. Are economic downturns self-fulfilling prophecies http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/business-brains/are-economic-downturns-self-fulfilling-prophecies/26329 MN 

There are tangible, … more control over their economic destiny

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Little Rock Central BZ | Judge:
Environmental Security leads to ineffective state intervention and militarism of the environment
Waever 1998 ,Ole, professor of International Relations at the Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen, “Securitization and Desecuritization,” on security lipschutz http://www.ciaonet.org/book/lipschutz/index.html 

Second in his critique …militarization of environmental problems. 46

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 5 | Opponent: Clear Lake KG | Judge:
Failed state rhetoric hails back to dichotomous civilized/barbarian identity constructions that lead to violent interventions
Hobson, 2009
(Christopher, Department of International Politics Aberystwyth University, Alternatives, “The Limits of Liberal-Democracy Promotion,” Alternatives #34, EBSCO) 

Coercive democratization emerged …., very troubled region.”42

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: Octas | Opponent: St Marks JM | Judge:
The threat of an adventurist Iran is constructed in the American imagination – leads to the catastrophic military adventures like the war on terror and preemptive strikes.
Zizek, 2005
(Slavoj, senior researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities, Give Iranian Nukes a Chance, http://www.inthesetimes.com/site/article/2280 ) 

But are nuclear arms…hegemony of the United States.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: Octas | Opponent: St Marks JM | Judge:
Description of third world use of weapons is a part of western orthodoxy
Gusterson 2004
(Hugh Gusterson, “People of the Bomb,” 2004, pg. 21-22) 

There is a …Third World nations.'

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Little Rock Central BZ | Judge:
Their framing of Russia is based on the fear of uncertainty – all their arguments about Russia's motivations or instability are all constructed from of Cold War ideologies
Jæger, 2000
(Øyvind Jæger, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs and the Copenhagen Peace Research Institute. “Securitizing Russia: Discursive Practices of the Baltic States.” Peace and Conflict Studies Vol. 7, No. 2. (2000). http://www2.gmu.edu/programs/icar/pcs/Jaeger72PCS.htm) 

The Russian war … chain that follows.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Edmond North CK | Judge:
Terror impact claim are self-fulfilling prophecies and make global violence inevitable
Lifton 3
Robert Jay, Visiting Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, Superpower Syndrome: America’s Apocalyptic Confrontation With The World, p. 115-116

The amorphousness of the … concert with the Islamist apocalyptic.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: Octas | Opponent: St Marks JM | Judge:
Rhetoric of terrorist relies upon Manichean conceptions of good and evil - this allows criminalized abuse to occur in the name of cultural superiority, fueling resentment – turns case
Tsoukala, 2008
(Anastassia, Research Fellow at the University of Paris V-Sorbonne and Associate Professor at the University of Paris XI, “Boundary-creating Processes and the Social Construction of Threat,” Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Volume 33, Issue 2, April-June, Available Online via Academic Search Elite, p. 147-148) 

The moral inferiority…their own community.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Edmond North CK | Judge:
The aff’s use of existential risk calculus on the warming advantage obscures the root cause of environmental catastrophe – rejection is key to reframe the debate and yield more comprehensive solutions
Crist, 2006
(Eileen, prof. of Science and Technology in Society @ Virginia Tech, “Beyond the Climate Crisis: a Critique of Climate Change Discourse,” Telos 141, Winter, pg. 29-55, Online) 

While the dangers of …impending tipping points.21

Tournament: Plano West | Round: 5 | Opponent: Colleyville | Judge:
Sugarcane burning emits CO2 and NOx
NCGA 11 (NCGA, National Corn Growers Association, “Sugarcane as a Feedstock for Biofuels: An Analytical White Paper”, National Corn Growers Association, an association that represents the interests of corn growers, 7/15/11, http://www.ncga.com/upload/files/documents/pdf/sugarcanewhitepaper092810.pdf//HZ)
Burning of sugarcane ... mill in any case.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: GBN | Judge:
Turn - Export economies pressure sugarcane- producing developing nations to underpay their workers and use excessive pesticides
Lehtonen 09’
Author Dr Markku Lehtonen , Sussex Energy Group University of Sussex, UK - PhD in environmental
economics University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France, 19 December 2009, Ethical-sugar (An organization that monitors the ethical use of pesticides in the sugar cane industry), “Status report on sugar cane agrochemicals management”, http://www.sucre-ethique.org/IMG/pdf/agrochemicals_1_.pdf, DA: 7/3/2013

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: GBN | Judge:
Turn - Sugarcane ethanol generates more pollution than previously thought
Campbell, Spak, and Carmichael 11 (J. E. Campbell, S.N. Spak, G. R. Carmichael, UI College of Engineering alumni, an assistant professor with joint appointments in the UI Public Policy Center, School of Urban and Regional Planning, and the UI College of Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, “Sugarcane ethanol in Brazil a substantial pollution source”, Western Farm Press, an industry trade magazine that provides growers and agribusiness with in-depth coverage of the region's major crops plus the legislative, environmental and regulatory issues that affect their businesses, 12/29/11, http://westernfarmpress.com/government/sugarcane-ethanol-brazil-substantial-pollution-source//HZ)

University of Iowa ... Civil and Environment Engineering

Turn - Sugarcane mills lead to high levels of air pollution
Eudel Eduardo Cepero ’04 (“ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
FOR A CUBA IN TRANSITION” CTP, Cuba Transition Project, published 2004, http://ctp.iccas.miami.edu/Research_Studies/ECepero.pdf)

Air. Cuba's precarious ... eliminate the problem.

Tournament: UNT | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Grapevine | Judge:
Economic engagement uses economic incentives – rather than political, social, or military ones
Haass and O’Sullivan  2K   Richard N. Haass, formerly a senior aide to President George Bush, is Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution AND Meghan L. O’Sullivan, is a Fellow in the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution    Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies   Survival, vol. 42, no. 2, Summer 2000, pp. 113–35    Taylor and Francis online http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1093/survival/42.2.113#preview

Many different types …  form of engagement.

Violation – the plan is not in the area of trade, grants, loans or inventment; it is an area of education
NON-economic engagement includes education, environment and socio-cultural ties
Hill 10     Matthew Hill, Intern, Global Issues Program at the Lowy Institute for International Policy,   Between the U.S. and China: A Kiwi Perspective  September 14, 2010       http://cogitasia.wordpress.com/2010/09/14/between-the-u-s-and-china-a-kiwi-perspective/#more-544
As part of … socio-cultural ties.

The affirmative interpretation is bad for debate.
Limits are necessary for negative preparation and clash, and the affirmative makes the topic too big when they permit more than strictly economic interaction
Rose and Spiegel  8   Rose is B.T. Rocca Jr. Professor of International Trade and Economic Analysis and Policy in the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley, NBER research associate and CEPR research fellow. Spiegel is Vice President, Economic Research, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.  NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ;  NON-ECONOMIC ENGAGEMENT AND INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE: THE CASE OF ENVIRONMENTAL TREATIES   Working Paper 13988
National Bureau of Economic Research    May 2008  http://www.nber.org/papers/w13988.pdf?new_window=1
Countries, like people… practice, is positive. 

T is a voter for Limits and extra-topicality

Tournament: Plano West | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Coppell | Judge:
Economic engagement includes economic incentives such as investment, aid, loans, tech transfer, removal of sanctions, etc.
Haass 2k
(Robert N. Haass, Director of Foreign Policy Studies, Brookings 2k, Survival, Vol 42, no. 2, Summer, p. 114-115, JD)

Architects of engagement … of these benefits.

Tournament: Plano West | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Coppell | Judge:
“Increase” means to make greater
Webster’s 13
– Webster’s Dictionary. 1913 ("Increase", http://machaut.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/WEBSTER.sh?WORD=increase)

In*crease" , v. i.
To become greater … opposed to decrease.

Tournament: University of Texas | Round: 1 | Opponent: Casady | Judge:
A. Interpretation – Engagement is extending incentives to change behavior
Engagement is extending incentives to change behavior – it is more than mere interaction
Haass and O’Sullivan  2K
(Richard N. Haass, Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution, and Meghan L. O’Sullivan, Fellow in the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution, vol. 42, no. 2, Summer 2000, pp. 113–35, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1093/survival/42.2.113#preview)

The term ‘engagement’ ... US has important  disagreements.
B. Violation – the plan only interacts with target country which is distinct from engagement—it does not change Mexican manufacturing policies

C. Topicality is a voting issue for competitive equity

1. Limits – forcing the aff to defend solvency evidence which specifies both an incentive and behavior key to check infinite amount of economic interaction
   2. Education – the interp is key to topic specific education and actually reflects how US government engages with foreign nations

Tournament: University of Texas | Round: 6 | Opponent: Hendrickson | Judge:
Interpretation – Economic engagement is an attempt to directly manipulate the country  

Mastanduno , Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Nelson A. Rockefeller Professor of Government, B.A., Economics and Political Science, and Ph.D., Political Science, Princeton University 03
(Michael, “The Strategy of Economic Engagement: Theory and Practice,” Economic Interdependence and International Conflict: New Perspectives on an Enduring Debate, http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9780472022939)

Our knowledge ... more so cumulatively.

Violation – Lifting the Cuban embargo is just a policy to remove restrictions to change, not a form of long term engagement. This is  appeasement not engagement

T is a voting issue

Limits – forcing the aff to defend solvency evidence which specifies both an incentive and behavior key to check infinite amount of economic interaction

Effects T – any trade they increase is an effect of the plan, not a mandate. Effects T allows for aff to add infinite planks to spike out of our offense and is an independent voting issue

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Little Rock Central BZ | Judge:
Interpretation - Engagement requires DIRECT talks – means both governments must be involved
Crocker ‘9
9/13/09, Chester A. Crocker is a professor of strategic studies at the Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, was an assistant secretary of state for African affairs from 1981 to 1989. “Terms of Engagement,” http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/14/opinion/14crocker.html?_r=1and 

PRESIDENT OBAMA will …and its behavior. 

Violation – The affirmative is not engagement – they (use private companies for engagement/engage private companies/use a 3rd party organization)
Reject the team 

Limits – not limiting engagement to the 2 governments involved blows the lid off the topic – justifies the involvement of international organizations, non governmental actors, and private companies 

Ground – direct engagement with the government is the only stable basis for negative ground – both governments must be involved to gain links to international politics DA’s, explicit QPQ’s, and relations based disadvantages

Tournament: UNT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cassidy | Judge:
Interpretation - Economic engagement includes economic incentives such as investment, aid, loans, tech transfer, removal of sanctions, etc.
Haass 2k
(Robert N. Haass, Director of Foreign Policy Studies, Brookings 2k, Survival, Vol 42, no. 2, Summer, p. 114-115, JD)

Architects of engagement … of these benefits. 

Violation – affirmative only removes Cuba from the terror list which is not a form of economic engagement

Topicality is a voting issue for competitive equity and fairness

Predictable Limits – research focus is on economic policies towards topic countries. Including non-economic engagement explodes these limits. Limits key to neg prep and clash

Ground – All DA and K links are based on economic engagement. Non-economic engagement should be reserved as key neg cp ground. Gound key to in-depth debates and education

Effects T – at best the aff can win that removing Cuba from the terror list might result in economic engagement, but its not a direct result of the plan. Effects T is an independent voter because it makes the aff a moving target and explodes limits